農藥在環境中的命運

國立台灣大學農業化學系

農藥在環境中的命運



Pesticide

Chemical degradation

Photochemical degradationGaseous

loss

Plant uptake

Adsorption/Desorption

Leaching Microbial degradation



了解農藥在環境的命運有何用途 ? 農業上

農藥推薦之參考—施用作物 , 施用環境農藥施用期限之參考—採收前禁施

環保上農藥田間殘留偵測方法建立農藥污染可能性參考環境影響評估之參考



研究方法選定農藥

台灣使用頻繁的農藥廠商新引進的農藥國外使用曾發現問題的農藥

測定農藥在土壤及水中的半生期

評估農藥環境殘留期農藥在土壤中的移動

評估農藥污染地下水可能性


農藥在環境中的命運研究成果

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

0 2 4 6 8

Residues of Carbofuran (%)

Depth

of

soil

colu

mn (

cm)

FIG.1. Distribution of carbofuran in soil column by leaching the surface-applied carbofuran (13 mg) with CaSO4 solution

(0.005M) for 34 (—◇—, Luchu clay) and 48 days (—□—, Yuanlin silty clay loam).

NHC

O

O CH 3

O

CH 3CH 3

加保扶 (carbofuran)

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 1997. 38: 260-265.



Chlomethoxyfen

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2

Butachlor

Thiobencarb

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2

Organic matter, %

Kd

Fig. 1. displays the relationship between Kd and organic matter

content of the soils. The slopes in Fig are equivalent to the experimental Kom value by the following equation:

Kd = Kom / 100 × % organic matter

NCH 2

C 2H 5

C

O

CH 2 Cl

C 4H 9

C 2H 5

O

NO 2

Cl

Cl O

OCH 3

丁基拉草 (butachlor)

甲氧基護谷 (Chlomethoxyfen)

Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1997. 58: 758-763.



100 150 200 250 30040

50

60

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Rec

over

y (%

)

Pressure (atm)Temp. (℃)

Fig.1. Recovery of Chlorpyrifos from soil by extraction with carbon dioxide under supercritical fluid state at different pressures and temperatures.

OP

SOC 2H 5

C 2H 5O N

Cl

Cl

Cl

陶斯松 (chlorpyrifos)

Analytical Science(supplement). 1997. 13: 137-140.



0. 00%0. 20%0. 40%

0. 60%0. 80%1. 00%1. 20%

1. 40%1. 60%1. 80%

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

depth

rela

tive

conc

entr

atio

n

- an歐殺松

- an達馬松

0.00%

0.20%

0.40%

0.60%

0.80%

1.00%

1.20%

1.40%

1.60%

1.80%

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

depth

rel

ativ

e co

ncen

trat

ion - pi歐殺松

- pi達馬松

NHP

OH 3CO

C CH 3

H 3 CS O

NH 2P

OH 3CO

H 3 CS

FIG. 1. Dissipation of acephate (A) and methamidophos (B) at different temperatures and soil moisture contents in Pingchen silt clay loam.

FIG. 2. Distribution of acephate () and methamidophos () in Annei (A) and Pingchen (B) soil column by leaching the surface-applied pesticide with CaSO4 solution (0.005 M) for 7 days.

歐殺松 (acephate) 達馬松 (methamidophos)




0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 5 10 15 20 25

Residue (%)

Depth

(c

m)

FIG. 1. Distribution of triphenyltin acetate in soil column by leaching in the rate of 1.0 cm day-1 for 41 days. (—— Fangtzupo soil, —— Lanyang soil).

Sn OCCH 3

O

Sn OH

三苯醋錫 (triphenyltin acetate)

三苯烴錫 (triphenyltin hydroxide)



從事此研究可以學會 ?

了解有機化學物在環境中的動態可以學習良好的有機污染物分析技術熟悉 GC, HPLC 等儀器基本原理及操作

農藥在環境中的命運

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