死亡驅力與歷史影像詮釋:桑塔與德勒茲

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死亡驅力與歷史影像詮釋:桑塔與德勒茲 劉紀蕙 2007 年 3 月 8 日 1 兩個平行探討的問題: 1.1 歷史創傷記憶的重新書寫、視覺文本的表演性、寫實與超現實 1.2 殘酷、攻擊、暴行的問題──歷史性、文本性 2 有關德勒茲所提及的殘酷、攻擊、施虐與受虐的幾點基本問題 2.1 對於賽柏格影片中所提及的施虐受虐問題(第七章),我們可以參考德 勒茲所討論的施虐受虐問題 2.2 德勒茲參考了佛洛伊德的的論點 2.2.1 Fort-da 強迫重複、快樂與痛苦的曖昧、死的本能屬於自我本能, 生的本能是愛欲《超越快樂原則》第六章,中譯本,頁 84-85;生 的原則破壞安靜,死的本能是 unbinding,解離 2.2.2 死亡本能是沈默的,生命的叫喊是從愛欲出發的《自我與本我》 (第四章:兩類本能,中譯本,頁 246) 2.2.3 群體的連結是透過 eros 而完成,eros 之恐怖以敵意、攻擊、破壞 而偽裝(《群體心理學》第六章,中譯本,頁 138-139)--Anti-Oedipus, A Thousand Plateau 之基礎 2.2.4 超我的嚴厲──《群體心理學》第七章《自我與本我》第三章 2.2.5 非性化、在性化的問題:轉移愛欲之對象 desexualization,非生殖 性的目的,同性愛、昇華、藝術、症狀、變態 3 有關影像的 pornography 3.1 Susan Sontag 提出的問題十分尖銳,Syberberg 如何在處理納粹時期的恐 怖與暴行時,不至於將這些 images and signs of horrors and atrocity 以 pornography 的方式呈現,如何不至於使觀眾面對這些慘酷的影像而處 於完全被動、距離之外、強化了固定觀點,甚至刺激了強烈的興趣與 吸引(Songtag 404)。 3.2 什麼是 pornography?除了透過色情圖片與文字而引發情慾之外, pornography 也意指透過感官性的描述而引發快速而強烈的情感反應。 呈現暴力的圖像,時常會有此 pornography 的特質。 3.3 德勒茲以 de Sade 與 Masoch 的文學作品為例,分析兩種不同寫作位置, 並指出,pornological lieterature 目的在於挑戰語言的極限,在語言之中, 無數的置換與移位發生於語言的交換中。以語言破壞語言。 4 桑塔論賽柏格

Transcript of 死亡驅力與歷史影像詮釋:桑塔與德勒茲

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    1.1 1.2

    2 2.1

    2.2

    2.2.1 Fort-da 84-85 unbinding

    2.2.2 246

    2.2.3 eros eros 138-139--Anti-Oedipus, A Thousand Plateau

    2.2.4 2.2.5 desexualization

    3 pornography

    3.1 Susan Sontag Syberberg images and signs of horrors and atrocity pornography (Songtag 404)

    3.2 pornographypornography pornography

    3.3 de Sade Masoch pornological lieterature

    4

  • 4.1 4.2 Susan Sontag Syberberg

    Syberberg Mlis, Eisentein, Rieenstahl, HollywoodphantasmagoriaSyberberg (wasteland)multitude(Songtag 405-6)

    4.3 (Aesthetics of multiple use)

    4.4 Sontag Syberberg Syberberg (Songtag 407)stand-ins for the realmosaic of stylistic quotations, (Songtag 409)

    4.5 Sontag Syberberg Eschatology of evil Messianic timeSyberberg Syberberg (Hitler-substance)(Songtag 411-2)

    4.6 Syberberg Sontag Alexander and Margarete Mitscherlich The inability to MournSontag Syberberg work through grief (Songtag 413)Syberberg excessSyberberg(Songtag 413-4)

    4.7 Syberberg (Songtag 415)

  • 5 5.1 (regime)

    Syberberg (Deleuze 126)

    5.2 psychomechanics sutomatic Syberberg pornographySyberberg (a non-totalizable complexity)(speech-act)

    5.3 opsigns, sonsigns recollection-image, dream image, mnemosign, onirosign

    6 Deleuze Sadomasochismsadistmasochist

    De Sade (instituting) Masoch 1 2 3 4

    5 6 (fetish) 7

    8 9

    10 11

    (Deleuze 134)

  • z eros bindingThanatosgroundless ground the ground-less from which the ground itself emerged, Beyond Eros we encounter Thanatos; beyond the ground, the abyss of the groundless; beyond the repetition that links, the repetition that erases and destroys. It is hardly surprising that Freuds writings should be so complex; sometimes he suggests that repetition is one and the same agency, acting now demonically, how beneficently, in Thanatos and in Eros; elsewhere he contradicts this by insisting on the strictest qualitative difference between Eros and Thanatos, the difference being that between union, the construction of ever larger units, and destruction; elsewhere again he tones down the strictly dualistic hypothesis by suggesting that what probably underlies the qualitative difference is a difference in rhythm and amplitude, a difference on a time-scaleaccording as repetition is repetition at the origination of life, or before. It should be understood that repetition as conceived by Freuds genius is in and of itself a synthesis of timea transcendental synthesis. It is at once repetition of before, during and after, that is to say it is a constitution in time of the past, the present and even the future. (114-5)

    z Monism, Qualitative dualismRhythm

    z eros (116)Eros,

    leap binding z Is

    there no other solution besides the functional disturbance of neurosis and th spiritual outlet of sublimation? Could there not be a third alternative which would be related not to the functional interdependence of the ego and the superego, but to the structural split between them? And is not this very alternative indicated by Freud under the name of perversion? (117) The deeper the coldness of the desexualization, the more powerful and extensive the process of perverse resexualization. (117)

  • z We found in every case that what appeared to be a common sign linking

    the two perversions together turned out on investigation to be in the nature of a mere syndrome which could be further broken down into irreducibly specific symptoms of the one or the other perversion. Let us now try to summarize the results o our inquiry. (1) Sadism is speculative-demonstrative, masochism dialectical-imaginative; (2) sadism operates with the negative and pure negation, masochism with disavowal and suspension; (3) sadism operates by means of quantitative reiteration, masochism by means of qualitative suspense; (4) there is a masochism specific to the sadist and equally a sadism specific to the masochist, the one never combining with the other; (5) sadism negates the mother and inflates the father, masochism disavows the mother and abolishes the father; (6) the role and significance of the fetish, and the function of the fantasy are totally different in each case; (7) there is an aestheticism in masochism, while sadism is hostile to the aesthetic attitude; (8) sadism is institutional, masochism contractual; (9) in sadism the superego and the process of identification play the primary role, masochism gives primacy to the ego and to the process of idealization; (10) sadism and masochism exhibit totally different forms of desexualization and resexualization; (11) finally, summing up all these differences, there is the most radical difference between sadistic apathy and masochistic coldness. (Deleuze 134)

    z insolence and humor

    z

    (124) an Idea of pure negation,(126-7)

    z

    (125-6)

  • Burnett, Ron. `Lumiere's Revenge'. In T. O'Regan & B. Shoesmith eds. History on/and/in

    Film. Perth: History & Film Association of Australia, 1987.140-6. http://wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au/ReadingRoom/hfilm/BURNETT.html

    Deleuze, Gilles. The Death Instinct, Sadistic Superego and Masochistic Ego, Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty (1967), New York: Zone Books, 1991. pp. 111-138.

    Deleuze, Gilles. Cinema 2: The Time-image (1985), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989. pp. 108-109, 126-127, 262-280.

    Gilles Deleuze, The Death Instinct, Sadistic Superego and Masochistic Ego, Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty (1967), New York: Zone Books, 1991. pp. 111-138.

    Naughton, Leonie. `Recovering the "Unmastered Past": Nazism in the New German Cinema'. In T. O'Regan & B. Shoesmith eds. History on/and/in Film. Perth: History & Film Association of Australia, 1987. 121-30. http://wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au/ReadingRoom/hfilm/NAUGHTON.html

    Sontag, Susan. Syberbergs Hitler (1980), Under the Sign of Saturn. Doubleday, 1980, 137-165.

    SPECTOR, SCOTT. Was the Third Reich Movie-Made? Interdisciplinarity and the Reframing of "Ideology" The American Historical Review (Vol. 106, No. 2, 2001) http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/106.2/ah000460.html