:a = = = u =

§ 55. OpraHvt3aU.vtR KapaynbHOM cny>1<6b1. 06-w.v.e nono>KeHMR

Kapay110M Ha3b1eaeTcs:i eoopy>KeHHoe noApa3AeneH1r1e, Ha3Ha­~eHHoe Ans:! eb1no11HeH1r1s:i 6oeeoM 3aAa~1r1 no oxpaHe 1r1 o6opoHe 6oeBblX 3HaMeH, BOeHHblX ..., rocyAapCTBeHHblX o6beKTOB, a TaK>Ke Ans:! oxpaHbl eoeHHoC11y>1<aw,1r1x, COAep>1<aw,1r1xcs:i Ha raynTeaXTe 1r1 e Alr1Cl.4lr1nn1r1HapHOM B01r1HCKOM ~acr1r1.

HeceHMe KapaynbH00 CJ1y>K6bt HBnHeTrn Bb1nonHeH111eM 6oesoil! 3aAa­'-1111 111 Tpe6yeT OT nw-1Horo cocrasa TO'-IHOro co6n10AeH1115l scex nono)l(e­H111ill Ycrasa rapH11130HHOill, KOMeHAaHTCKoiil 111 KapaynbHOiil cny)l(6 Boopy­)l(eHHblX C111n Pocrnil!cKOiil <l>eAepau.111111, BblCOKoiil 6A111TenbHOCT"1, Henpe­KnOHHoill peW"1MOCTll1 111 pa3yMHOii1 "1H111U,111aTll1Bbl.

B111HOBHb1e B HapyweH111111 Tpe6osaH1-1t1 KapaynbHOiil cny)l(6b1 np111s11e­Kat0TCfl K OTBeTCTBeHHOCTlll B COOTBeTCTBll1111 c 3aKOHOAaTenbCTBOM Poc­rniilcKoill <l>eAepau.1-11-1 .

.D,nH HeceH1115l Kapay11bHoill cny)l(6b1 Ha3Ha'-lalOTCfl Kapaynb1. Kapaynbl 6b1Bat0T rapH11130HHble 111 BHyrpeHHll1e ( KOpa6e11bHble); OHll1

MOryT 6b1Tb noCT05lHHblM111 111n111 BpeMeHHblMll1. rapH"130HHb1ill Kapay11 Ha3Ha'-laerrn AJ15l oxpaHb1 1-1 06op0Hb1 o6beK­

TOB u.eHTpanbHOro "111111 OKpy)l(HOro nOA'-1"1HeHll15l, He "1Me10w.111x CBOll1X noApa3Ae11eH1-1ill oxpaHbl, Kapayn np1-1 rapH"130HHOiil raynTBaxTe - AJ15l oxpaHbl soeHHocny:>1<aw.111x, c0Aep:>1<aw.111xrn Ha rapH"130HHOVI raym­saxTe.

BHyTpeHH"1iil (K0pa6e11bHb1ill) Kapay11 Ha3HaYaeTrn Anfl oxpaHbl 1-1 o6opOHbl o6beKTOB OAHOill BOll1HCKOlll '-laCT111 (KOpa6ns~) 11111111 COeA111HeH1115l.

rapH11130HHb1e Kapaynb1 nOA'-1111H5llOTCfl Ha'-la11bHll1KY rapH11130Ha, no­MOW.H111KY Ha'-lanbH111Ka rapH11130Ha no opraH1113au,111111 rapH11130HHoi1 cny:>1<-6b1, Ae>KypHoMy no rapH11130HY 111 ero n0Mow,H111Ky. Kapayn np111 rapH"1 -30HHoi1 raynTBaxre nOA'-1"1H5leTCfl BOeHHOMY KOMeHAaHry rapH11130Ha, Ae­>KYPHOMY no BOeHHOiil KOMeHAaType 111 Ha'-la11bHll1KY raynTBaXTbl.

BHyrpeHHll1e (KOpa6e11bHb1e) Kapaynbl nOA'-1"1H5llOTCfl KOMaHAll1PY B0-"1HCKOii1 '-laCTlll (Kopa6n5l), Ae>KypHOMY no B0"1HCKOii1 '-laCT"1 (K0pa6nt0) !11 ero noMOW.H111Ky, ecn111 noMOW.H111K Ae>KypHoro no eo111HcKoill YaCT111 -ocp111u.ep. BHyrpeHH"1iil Kapay11, oxpaH5l10W,111iil o6beKTbl 6ara11b0Ha (A111B111 -31i10Ha), pacnono:>KeHHoro OTAenbHO OT ocranbHblX noApa3Ae11eH111ill so­"1HCKoill '-laCTlll, KpOMe Toro, nOA'-1!11H5leTCfl KOMaHAli1PY 3TOro 6aranbOHa (A111B11131110Ha) 111 Ae:>1<ypHOMy no 6ara11b0Hy (A111B11131i10Hy), paBHOMY 11111111 CTapweMy no BOll1HCKOMY 3BaHll1IO Ha'-lanbHll1KY Kapayna. noMOW.Hli1KY Ae­>KYPHOro no B0"1HCKOii1 '-laCT111, Ha3Ha'-leHHOMY 1113 '-1111cna npanopW.111KOB (MVl'-IMaHOB)' nOA'-1"1H5llOTC51 Kapay11bl, Ha'-la11bH"1KV1 KOTOpblX Ha3HaYeHbl He 1113 '-1111cna ocp1i1u.epoB, a nOMOW,H111KY Ae>KypHoro no B0111HCKOVI '-1aCT111

1113 '-llllCJla cep)l(aHTOB (aapw111H) - Kapaynbl, HaYaJlbHlllKlll KOTOpblX Ha-3HaYeHbl 1113 '-llllCJla cep)l(aHTOB (aapWlllH).

B cocraa Kapayna Ha3HaYalOTCfl: • HaYanbHlllK Kapayna; • KapaynbHble no '-llllCJlY nOCTOB Ill CMeH; • pa3BOAS1~111e; • np111 Heo6XOAlllMOCTlll noMO~HlllK HaYaJlbHlllKa Kapayna; • noMo~HlllK HaYanbHlllKa Kapayna (oneparop) no rexH111YecK111M cpeg­CTBaM oxpaHbl 11111111 CMeHa oneparopos (gsa-rp111 YenoseKa, OAlllH 1113 KO­TOpblX MO)l(eT 6b1Tb Ha3HaYeH nOMO~HlllKOM HaYaJlbHlllKa Kapayna no TeXHlll'-leCKlllM cpeACTBaM oxpaHbl); • noMo~HlllK HaYaJlbHlllKa Kapayna no cny)l(6e KapaynbHblX co6aK; • BO)l(aTbte KapaynbHblX co6aK Ill BOAlllTeJllll TpaHcnopTHblX cpegcTB.

B Kapaynbl no oxpaHe wra6os 111 nyHKTOB ynpasneH111si or 06beA111-HeH111si 111 BblWe, a TaK)l(e no oxpaHe opraH1113at_t1111il, KpoMe nepe11111cneH­Hb1X Jllll[.t, Ha3HaYalOTCSl KapayJlbHble KOHTpOJlbHO-nponycKHblX nOCTOB, B Kapayn np111 raymsaxre - KOHTponepbl, KOHsolilHb1e 111 BblBOAHble.

B BoeHHO-MopcKoM cpnore Afls:l oxpaHbl 111 o6opoHbl Kopa6nelil (oT­AeflbHblX noMe~eH111lil Kopa6nsi) Ha3HaYat0rcsi soopy)l(eHHb1e saxreHHb1e. nops:iAOK HeCeHlllSl lllMlll KapaynbHOlil CJ1y)l(6bl onpeAens:ieTCs:i Kopa6enb­HblM yaasoM BoeHHO-MopcKoro cpnora .

.Uns:i HenocpegcTBeHHolil oxpaHbl 111 o6opoHbl o6beKTOB 1113 coaaaa Kapayna BblCTaBJlSllOTCSl YaCOBble.

CMeHa Kapayna e eoeHHOM Y4Hl111~e

1:11:

= = C'CI r-.1

= = C'CI N =­=

0 BblBOAb• 1) HeceH111e KapaynbHOill cny>K6b1 SlBm1errn BbinonHeH111eM 6oesoil1

3aAaYVI. 2) KapaynbHaSl cny>K6a rpe6yer BblCOKoill 6A111renbHOCTV1 JlVIYHoro

cocrasa, HenpeKnOHHOill peWVIMOCTVI Ill pa3yMHOil1 lllHVIU.ll!aTl'1Bbl. 3) Kapaynb1 6b1Ba10T rapHV130HHble 111 BHyrpeHHll!e (Kopa6e11bHb1e),

nocroSlHHble 111 speMeHHb1e. 4) rapH11130HHble Kapaynbl nOAYlllHSllOTCSl HaYaJlbHll1KY rapH11130Ha,

nOMOl..L\HlllKY HaYaJlbHll!Ka rapH11130Ha, Ae>KypHOMY no rapHV130HY Ill ero noMOl..L\Hll!Ky, Kapayn np111 rapH11130HHoil1 raymsaxre - Ae>KypHoMy no BOeHHOill KOMeHAarype 111 HaYaJlbHlllKY raynrBaXTbl. BHyrpeHH!l1e (Kopa-6enbHble) Kapaynbl nOAYVIHSllOTCfl KOMaHAVIPY BOVIHCKOill Yacrn (Kopa6-JlSl), Ae>KypHoMy no BOVIHCKoill Yacr111 ( Kopa6n10) 111 ero noMOl..L\HVIKY, ec-11111 nOMOl..L\HlllK Ae>KypHoro no BOll!HCKOVL YaCTll! - 0¢111u.ep.

iJ Bonpocb1 1. C KaKoill u.enblO opraH1113yerrn KapaynbHaSl cny>K6a B so111HcKoil1

Yacrn? 2. Yro Ha3b1saerrn KapaynoM? 3. KoMy B BOlllHCKOM rapH11130He nOAYVIHSllOTCSl rapH11130HHble Ill BHYT­

peHHll!e Kapaynb1? 4. noYeMy oxpaHa 6oesoro 3HaMeH111 cY111raercSl sa>KHOill 3aAaYeil1 Ka ­

payna?

a 3aAaHHe noAroTOBbTe coo61..L\eH111e Ha reMy «OpraH1113au.111s:1 KapaynbHoill cny>K-

6b1 B B0"1HCKOi/1 YaCTll!».

JJ.ononH~Te11bHb1e MaTep~anbt K § 5 5

reHepan M . .Q,. CKo6enee 0 BOl.1HCKOM Aene B Poccv1111 eCTb TOJlbKO OAHa opraH\1130BaHHa5! CV1Jla - apM\115!, \11 B ee

pyKax CYAb6a POCCV1\11. Ho apM\115! He MO:>KeT nOAH5!TbC5! TOJlbKO KaK Mac­ca, a Ha 3TO ee MO:>KeT ABVlHYTb JlVlWb TaKa5! JlW-IHOCTb, KOTOpa5! Vl3Be­CTHa Ka>KAOMY co11Aary, Koropa5! oKpy:>KeHa CJlasoill csepxrepoH. Ho OA­HOill nony115!pHoill JlW-IHOCT\11 Mallo, Hy:>KeH Jl03yHr, nOH5!THbllii He TOJlbKO B apM\11\11, HO \11 w111pOKVlM MaccaM.

BceM\11 Aell1CTB\115!Mll1 soeHHOCJly>Kaw.111x AOJl:>KeH pyKOBOAVITb 3aKoH; VIM, a He Jl\11YHblM np01113BOJlOM AOJl:>KeH PYKOBOACTBOBaTbC5! BC5!KVlll1 Ha­YaJlbH\11K, KaK B CBOVIX Aei1CTB\115!X soo6w.e, raK \11 B OTHOWeHVlVI A\11CU,Vln ­JlVIHapHblX B3blCKaHVli1 B oco6eHHOCTVl, YT06bl Vl H\11:>KHVle YVIHbl 3Ham11, YeM OHVI AOJl:>KHbl PYKOBOACTBOBaTbC5! B csoei1 CJly:>Ke6Holl1 AeHTeJlbHOC­TVt, 111 caM\11 6b1 np11106pe11111 ysa:>KeH\11e K 3aKoHy.

YeM 6JlVl:>Ke CTOVIT ocpviu.ep K COJlAary, TeM BbtWe 6yAeT ero aBTO­pmer s MOMeHT onacHocrn. Bo scex apMV15!X so see speMeHa no6eAy AaBaJla mo60Bb \11 AOBepV1e COJlAaT K CB0\11M HaYaJlbHVIKaM VI o6paTHO. BHeApVlTe B COJlAaT y6e)l(AeH\11e, YTO Bbl \11 BHe 605! OTHOCV1TeCb K HVlM OTeYeCKVI, YTO BO speM5! 605! Bbl CV1Jla, VI AJ15! HVlX HVIYero He 6yAeT He­B03MO:>KHOro.

"'1crop1.1'4ecKaR cnpaeKa

M1i1xa1i1n .QM1t1Tp1i1ee1i1~ CKo6enee (1843-1882)- BblAa10L1.1\11i1C5! reHepa11 pyccKoi1 apMVl\11, no11yY\11BWVli1 Vl3BeCTHOCTb BO BpeM5! noXOAa PYCCK\11X BOi1CK B X1r1By (1873), npornB KOKaHAU.eB (1875-1876) 111 oco6eHHO B PyccKo-rypeu.KylO BOi1Hy (1877-1878).

B 6o5!x npo5!BJ15!Jl xpa6pocrb, opraHVl3aropcKVli1 ra11aHT, Be11111Ko11en­Hoe 3HaHV1e ronorpacp111V1.

noA ero KOMaHAOBaH111eM 6b111a OAep:>KaHa 611eCTHW.a5! no6eAa noA noBYelii, ocyw.ecrBneHbl ABa wrypMa n11eBHb1, 3\11MHV1111 nepexoA Yepe3 6a11KaHCK1t1i1 xpe6er, 6oi1 noA Wei1HOBblM 111 3aH5!rne CaH-CrecpaHo p5!­AOM co CraM6y110M, nocraB111Bwee no6eAHYIO TOYKY B BOeHHblX Aei1cTB1115!x. CK06eneB no11yy11111 YVIH reHepa11-11eiineHaHTa 1r1 np11106pe11 rpOMKYIO BOeHHYIO CJlaBy. Ta11aHTJlVIBbli1 BOeHaYaJlbH\11K, npOTVIBHV1K Te-11eCHblX HaKa3aH111i1, 3a60TVIBWll1111C5! 06 o6yYeHll1VI \11 AOCTOillHOM 6b1Te ap­M111V1, npoAOJl>KaTeJlb cysoposcrnx rpaAviu.111111, CK06e11eB nOJlb30Banrn y COJlAaT orpOMHOi1 nony115!pHOCTblO.

B 1 880-1881 rr. KOMaHAOBaJl 2-111 AxameKVIHCKoll1 3KcneAVIU.Vlei1, BO BpeMH Koropoi1 6b111a 3asoesaHa TypKMeHvt5!. 3a 3TY no6eAy CKo6e­neB 6b111 npovt3BeAeH B reHepa11b1 or V1HcpaHrepV1V1 1r1 nonyYVIJl opAeH CBHTOro reopr1115! 2-111 creneH111. CKoponocTVl:>KHO CKOHYa11rn or napanvt­Ya cepAu.a. B 1912 r. B MOCKBe Ha TBepCKOi1 nnow.aAVI 6btJ1 ycraHOB­JleH naM5!THVIK CK06e11eBy.

·= = = = CP.:J

= = :a = = = c.:i

=

§ 56. 4acoBO~ ill ero HenplllKOCHOBeHHOCTb

4aCOBblM Ha3blBaeTCs:I eoopy>KeHHblH KapaynbHblH, Bbln011Hs:llO­W.111H 6oeeyio 3aAa~y no oxpaHe 111 o6opoHe nopy~eHHoro eMy noc­Ta.

nocToM Ha3b1eaeTcs:i ece nopy~eHHoe Afls:I oxpaHbl 111 o6opoHbl ~acoeoMy, a TaK>Ke MeCTO 11111111 y~aCTOK MeCTHOCTlll, Ha KOTOpOM OH Bbln011Hs:teT CBOlll o6s:i3aHHOCTlll.

K nocraM orHocs:ircs:i 111 oxpaHs:ieMble Ka­paynoM c noMOW.blO rexHw-1eCKfl1x cpegcrn oxpaHbl o6beKTbl, fl1 y11acTKf/1 MeCTHOCTf/1, rge 3Tfl1 cpegasa ycraHosneHbl.

OxpaHy o6beKTOB 11acosb1e ocyw.ec­rsns:iior cnoco6oM narpynV1posaH111s:i Me>KAy BHeWHll1M fl1 BHyrpeHHll1M orpa.>t<geHfl1flMll1 soKpyr o6beKra 111n111 sgonb orpa>KgeH111s:i c BHyrpeHHeVI CTOpOHbl, ecn111 06beKT 111Meer OAHO orpa.>t<geH111e, a raK.>t<e cnoco6oM Ha6rnogeH111s:i c Bb1weK (p111c. 12) .. Orgenb­Hb1e o6beKTbt Moryr oxpaHf!TbCfl Henog­Bll1.>t<HblMll1 '1aCOBblMll1.

Yacosoiit cornacHo ycrasy ecrb nm.1,0 Henpfl1KOCHOBeHHOe.

Henp~KOCHOBeHHOCTb ~acoeoro 3aK17/0-~aerrn:

• B oco6oV! oxpaHe 3aKoHogarenbcTBoM Pocc111V!cKoVI <DegepaL..1,111111 ero npas 111 nw~­HOro AOCTOll1HCTBa; • s nog11111HeH111111 ero aporo onpegeneH-

PHc. 12. nocr 'facoeoro Ha BbtWKe HblM nfl1LJ,aM - Ha11anbH111Ky Kapayna, no­MOW.H111KY Ha11anbHll1Ka Kapayna 111 CBOeMy pa3BOAflW.eMy;

• s o6s:i3aHHocrn scex nfl1LJ, 6ecnpeKOcnosHo BbtnonHflTb rpe6osaH111s:i 11acosoro, onpegens:ieMb1e ero cny.>t<6otl!; • B npegoaasneH111111 eMy npasa np111MeHs:1Tb opy:>K111e s cny11as:ix, yKa -3aHHbtX s Ycrase rapH11130HHoiit 111 KapaynbHotl! cny.>t<6 Boopy:>KeHHblX C111n PocrnillcKoiit <DegepaL..1,111111 .

BH1ttMaH1tte!

4acoeoro 111Me10T npaeo CMeHlllTb 11111111 cHs:tTb c noCTa TOnbKO Ha­~anbHlllK Kapayna, noMOW.HlllK Ha~anbHlllKa Kapayna 111 pa3BOAs:tw.11111t, KOTOpOMY nOA~lllHeH ~acoeoi.ii.

Paagen 7 ------~~

----

B cny11ae TR>Kenoro 3a6onesaH111s:i (rn:>t<enoro paHeH111s:i), rn6e11111 Ha-11anbH1111<a Kapayna, ero n0Mow,H111Ka 111 pa3sogs:iw,ero 11111111 ¢111311111ec1<0~ HeB03MO:>KHOCrn A1151 Hll1X 111cnOJlH5ITb (80111 o6s:i3aHHOCrn CHs:irne 111Jlll1 CMeHa Yacosoro npOV13BOA111TC51 ge:>t<ypHblM no rapH11130HY (BOll1HCKO~ 11acrn) B np111cyrcrs\.1111 csoero KOMaHg111pa pOTbl (6arape111) 111n111 6ara11b-0Ha (g111s11131110Ha).

3acrynas:i Ha nocr, KapaynbHbl~ gon:>t<eH s np111cyrcrsV1111 pa3sogs:iw,e­ro ( HaYaJlbHV1Ka Kapay11a 11111111 ero nOMOW,H111Ka) 111 CMeHs:ieMoro YaCOBO­ro Jlli1'1HO OCMOTpeTb, nposepi..1Tb HaJ1111Yli1e \.1 111cnpaBHOCTb scero, YTO HaAfle:>K111r oxpaH51Tb 111 o6opoH51Tb comacHo ra6emo nocraM.

4acoeoi:1 oxpaHReT 6110Knocr e ropRlfeM TOlfKe

al = ::::r ca

"' = = ca N =­=

r::s a = -m .. CD

BblBOAbl 1) )J.ns:i HenocpeACTBeHHO~ oxpaHbl 1-1 o6opoHbl o6beKTOB 1-13 cocra­

sa Kapay11a Bb1crasm:uorrn Yacosb1e. 2) l.Jacoso~ oxpaHs:ier aaepeHHbl~ eMy nocr. 3) OxpaHy o6beKroa Yacoab1e ocyLL1eCTBllR10T cnoco6oM narpy111-1po­

aaH1-1R t.1111-1 Ha61110AeH1-1eM c BblWeK. 4) Bee llt.1Wa, OKa3asw1-1ecR PRAOM c nocTOM, AOll:>KHbl BblnOllHRTb

pacnops:i:>KeHV15l yacosoro, eCJlV1 OH nOCYV1TaeT HY:>KHblM V1X OTAaTb.

iJ Bonpocb1 1. KaKV1M cnoco6oM Yacoab1e (aoopy:>KeHHb1e Kapay11bHb1e) ocyLL1ec-

TBllR10T oxpaHy o6beKTOB? -2. KaK1-1e AOll:>KHOCTHble 11111wa 1113 YV1CJla soeHHoCJly:>KaLL1111x 111Me10r

npaao CMeHV1Tb Yacoaoro? 3. B YeM 3aKJllOYaerrn Henp111KocHoseHHOCTb yacoaoro? 4. noYeMy, Ha saw B3rJls:l.D,, YaCOBO~ nOAYV1Hs:leTCR TOllbKO HaYallb­

HV1KY V1 nOMOll.IHV1KY HaYallbHt.1Ka Kapay11a t.1 caoeMy pa3BOARll.leMy? 06ocHy~re CBO~ OTBeT.

3aAaH~'ISI np111aeA1t1Te np111Mepb1 6A111re11bHoro 111 xa11arnoro HeceH111R Kapay11b­

Ho~ CJly:>K6b1 1113 111crop111111 Haw111x Boopy:>KeHHblX C11111 11111111 llt.1Teparypb1, o6parna BH111MaH111e Ha 111x noCJle.o,cra111s:i. Mo:>KHO 111cnOJlb30BaTb paccKa3 C. C. CM111pHosa «6eccMeHHbl~ Yacoao~» 1113 c6opH111Ka «PaccKa3bl o He­V13BeCTHblX repoRx» (cM. Ha ca~re «BoeHHaR 111'1Teparypa» no aApecy militeralib.ru).

,O.ononHHTenbHbte MaTepHanb1 K § 56

Orpa>KAeHHe o6beKTOB H o6opyAoBaHHe nocros

Tepp11rop1t1R, Ha Koropo?1 pacnono>KeHbl oxpaHReMble o6beKTbl, AOmK­Ha 6b1Tb orpa>K,D,eHa 3a6opoM (AepeBHHHblM, nposono4HblM 111 r. n.). Tep­pmop111si, Ha Koropoill pacnono:>KeHbl o6beKTbl oKpy:>KHoro (cpnorcKoro), u,eHrpanbHoro nOA4111HeHll1H 111 .o,pyrne Ba:>KHble o6beKTbl (cKna.Qbl co B3pb1B1.JaTb1M111 sew.easaM111, 6oenp111nacaM111, rop10Y111M 111 r. n.), AOmKHa 111MeTb BHewHee 111 BHyrpeHHee orpa>K,D,eHll1H BblCOTOil! He MeHee 2 M c pacCTOHHll1eM Me>K,D,y npOBOn04HblM111 Hll1THMll1 He 6onee 15 CM .

.D.nsi y.o,o6crsa Ha6n10.o,eH111si 3a no.o,aynaM111 K oxpaHsieMoMy o6beK­ry Me>K,D,y orpa>K,D,eH111HM111 (oxpaHsieMb1M111 06beKTaM111) .o,on:>KHbl yaa­Hasn111sarbrn Ha6moJJ,arenbHb1e Bb!WK"1, 06opy.o,osaHHb1e cpe.o,cTBaM111 CBH3111, rnrHan1113au,111ei'i! AflH 3KCTpeHHOi'il CBH3V1 c HaYanbHll1KOM Kapayna, nO.O,Bll1:>KHblMll1 npo:>KeKTOpaM111, MOJ1Hll1e3aW.111THblMV1 yapoi'i!CTBaMll1, npo­Tll1BOrpaHaTHOill cerKoill, .o,sepblO, 3an111pa10w.eillrn 1113Hyrp111, ny11eHenpo-6111saeMblM111 w.111raM111, Cll1rHaJlbHblMll1 111 OCBernTeJ1bHblMll1 cpe,D,CTBaMll1 .

BoKpyr o6beKTOB, pacnono:>KeHHblX BHe repp111rop111111 BOll1HCKoi'il Yac­rn, no comacoBaH11110 c opraHaM111 rocyAapaseHHOill Bnaa111 111 opraHa­Mll1 MeCTHOro CaMoynpasneHll1H onpe.o,enHIOTCH B COOTBeTCTBll1111 c 3aKO­HO,D,arenbCTBOM Pocrni'ilcKoi'il <De.o,epau,111111 3anpeTHble 30Hbl 11111111 pai'i!OHbl. 3anperHaR 30Ha BKnlOYaer repp111rop11110, Henocpe.o,CTBeHHO np111Mb1Ka10-w.y10 K repp111rop111111 BOeHHOro 06beKTa.

rpaH\111.J,bl 3anpeTHOi'il 30Hbl ,IJ,OJl:>KHbl 6b1Tb 0603Ha4eHbl Ha MeCTHOC­Tll1 xopowo Bll1,IJ,\11MblM\11 yKa3aTemlMll1 c HaAnVICblO Ha pycCKOM H3b1Ke 111 H3b1Ke roro rocy.o,apasa (cy6beKra Pocrni'i!cKOil! <De.o,epau,111111), Ha rep­p111rop111111 KOTOporo HaXOA\llTCH .o,aHHbli'il 06beKT, Hanp111Mep: «3anpeTHaH 30Ha, npoxo.o. (npoe3.o,) 3anpew.eH (3aKpbir)».

3anpeTHble rpaHV1LJ,bl noCTOB, yKa3blBa10w.111e paCCTOHHll1e, 611111:>Ke KO­roporo yacoBoMy 3anpew,aerrn AonycKaTb K noay noci:~POHH111x n111u,, o603Ha"lalOTCH Bll1,IJ,111MblMll1 l.laCOBblM 111 .o,pyr111M n111u,aM ,D,HeM, HOYblO 111 B ycnOBll1HX nnoxoi'il B111A111MOCTll1 yKa3arenHMll1 c Ha,D,nll1CHMV1 c BHyrpeHHei'il cropoHbl noaa «3anpernasi rpaH111u,a noaa» 111 c BHewHei'il aopoHbl noc­ra «3anpernasi rpaH111u,a noaa. npoxo.o. (npoe3.o,) 3anpew.eH (3aKpb1r)».

B HO"lHOe BpeMH no.o,crynbl K nocry 111 oxpaHHeMOMY o6beKTY ,IJ,OJl)K­Hbl 6b1Tb ocsew.eHbl. Ocsew.eH111e yapa111saercsi raK, YT06b1 Yacosoi'il, Ha­XOAHCb Ha Ha6J110AaTenbHOi'il BblWKe 11111111 npOABV1raHCb no Mapwpyry ,IJ,BV1:>KeHll1H, Haxo.o,111nrn BCe BpeMH B TeHll1 .

8HyrpeHH1t1e nocrb1, oco6eHHO y 6oesoro 3HaMeH111, AOn:>KHbl 1t1MeTb orpa>K,D,eH1t1e Bb1Coroi'il O, 7-1 M 111 ornew,eH111e. noab1 Ha raymsaxre 060-PYAYIOTCH raK, YT06b1 06ecneY1t1Tb HaAe:>t<HYIO 3aw.111ry soeHHocny:>t<aw,111x, Hecyw,111x cny:>K6y, or Hana.o,eH111si n111u,, co.o,ep:>Kaw,111xrn Ha raymsaxre.

Ha Ka>K,D,OM noay, Henocpe.o,CTBeHHO y oxpaHHeMblX o6beKTOB, AOn:>K­Hbl 6b1Tb cpeACTBa no:>t<aporyweH111si : orHeryw1.1nen111, siw,1111<111 c necKOM, 60YK111 c so.o,oi'il, BeApa 111 111HBeHrapb (nonaTbl, ronopbl, 110Mb1, 6arpb1).

Ha6n10.o,aTeJ1bHaH BblWKa AOJl:>KHa 6b1Tb TaKoi'il BblCOTbl, KOTOpasi no3-BOnsieT YaCOBOMY np01113BOAlt1Tb OCMOTp oxpaHHeMOill reppmop1111t1.

:ii 1.1:1 • ::n = LI

s= Cl = .. = ::n ra i::::i.. ra :.:

:a m = = u =

§ 5 7. 06S13aHHOCTVI Yacoeoro

4acoeoill nepeMew.aeTcsi no Mapwpyiy ABH>KeHHSI e neweM no­PS1AKe co cKopocTbtO, 06ecne"'IHBaiow.eill HaAe>KHyio oxpaHy o6b­eKTa, AenaS1 KOpOTKHe OCTaHOBK&.1 AflS1 OCMOTpa MeCTHOCT&.1 "' orpa>KAeHHlll, a TaK>Ke AflS1 AOKnaAa no cpeACTeaM CBS13"1 Ha"'lanb­HHKY Kapayna o HeceHHH cny>K6b1.

L/aCOBOM o6H3aH: • 6.QvlTeJlbHO oxpaH5Hb VI croiilKo o6opoH5Hb csoiil nocr; • HeCTVI CJly:>t<6y 60.QpO, HVI Ha YTO He OTBJleKaTbGl, He BblnycKaTb Vl3 PYK opy:>t<lllH VI HVIKOMY He OT.QaBaTb ero, BKJllOYas:i JlVIL\, KOTOpblM OH nO.QYVI HeH; • npO.QBVlras:icb no yKa3aHHOMY Mapwpyry VIJlVI HaXO.QHCb Ha Ha611t0.Qa­TeJlbHOiil BblWKe, BHVIMaTellbHO OCMaTpVIBaTb nO.QCTynbl K nocry, orpa:>K­.QeHVle VI AOKJla.QblBaTb no cpe.QCTBaM CB513VI 0 XO.Qe HeceHVIH CJly:>t<6bl B ycraHoaneHHble ra6eneM cpoKVI; • He ocraamnb nocra, noKa He 6y.Qer cMeHeH VIJlVI cHm, .Qa:>Ke eCJlVI ero :>KV13HVI yrpo:>t<aer onaCHOCTb, caMoso11bHOe ocraa11eH111e nocra s:iami­ercs:i npecrynneHVleM nporns soeHHoiil CJly:>t<6b1; • VIMeTb Ha nocry opy:>t<Vle 3aps:i:>t<eHHblM VI acer.Qa roTOBblM K .QeiilCTBVllO; • He .QonycKaTb K noay 611V1:>t<e paccros:iHVIH, yKa3aHHOro a ra6ene noc­raM VI o603HaYeHHOro Ha MeCTHOCTVI yKa3aTeJlHMVI 3anpeTHOli1 rpaHVIL\bl, HVIKOro, KpOMe HaYaJlbHVIKa Kapayna, nOMOUJ,HVIKa HaYaJlbHVIKa Kapayna, caoero pa3BOAHW,ero VI Jl VIL\, KOTOpblX OHll1 conpOBO:>K.QalOT; • 3HaTb Mapwpyrb1 111 rpacp111K .QB111:>KeH111s:i rpaHcnopTHblX cpe.QCTB Ka-payna, a raK:>t<e VIX ono3HaaarenbHble 3HaK111 VI rnrna11b1; • 3HaTb Mapwpyrb1 Bbl.QBV1:>KeH111s:i, on03HaaarenbHble 3HaKVI ( rnrna11b1) pe3epsHoiil rpynnb1 Kapayna VI .Qe:>t<ypHoro no.Qpa3.Qe11eH111s:i, 3aH111MaeMble VIMVI py6e:>t<111 111 no3111L\111111 s6n1113111 nocra; • yMeTb npVIMeHmb Haxo.Qs:iw,111ecs:i Ha noay cpeACTBa no:>t<aporyweH111s:i; • Bbl3blBaTb HaYaJlbHll1Ka Kapayna npVI o6Hapy:>t<eHlllll1 He111cnpaBHOCTll1 s orpa:>K.QeHVIVI o6beKTa (Ha nocry) VI HapyweH111s:ix nops:i.QKa s6nVl3VI cso­ero nocra 11111V1 Ha coce.QHeM noay; • yrnb1waa 11aiil Kapay11bHOiil co6aKV1, a raK:>Ke np111 cpa6arb1BaH111111 rex­HV1YecK111x cpeACTB oxpaHbl HeMegneHHO coo6w,arb s Kapay11bHOe noMe­w,eH111e.

Yacosoiil Ha noay .QOJl:>KeH VIMeTb opy:>t<111e c np111MKHYTblM WTblKOM (aBTOMaT co CKJla.Qb1BalOUJ,111MC5l np111Klla.QOM 6e3 WTblKa-HO:>Ka, WTblK­HO:>K B HO:>KHaX Ha nosKHOM peMHe): B HOYHOe speMH - B nono:>KeHl/1111 Vl3rQTOBKVI Alls:! CTpe11b6b1 CTOs:l, B .QHeBHOe apeMs:i - B no11o:>KeH111111 «Ha peMeHb» vin111 s no11o:>t<eHvi111 V13rorosK111 g11s:i apenb6b1 aos:i. Ha BHyrpeH­HVIX nocrax 111 Ha nocry y 6oesoro 3HaMeH111 asroMaT c gepess:iHHblM

np111K11aAOM HaXOA111TGI B nOJlO>KeHll1111 «Ha peMeHb», aBTOMaT co CKJ1a­AbJBatO~V1MGI np111K11aAOM - B no11o>t<eH111111 «Ha rpy,D.b», Kapa6111H - B no-11o>KeH111111 «K Hore»; cyMKa co CHaps:i>t<eHHblM Mara3111HOM (06oiitMaM111) AOJl>KHa 6b1Tb 3aCTerHyroiit. n111cTOJ1eT HaXOAV1TGI B 3aCTerHyTOiit K06ype Ha nos:iCHOM peMHe.

B cnyyae TyweHvis:i no>t<apa 11111vi 11viKB111,D.au,vi111 nocne,D.crs111Jit cr111x111iit­Horo 6eACTBll1fl YacosoMy pa3pewaeTrn 111MeTb opy>t<111e B no11o>t<eHvi111 «3a cn111Hy».

'-lacoeoMy 3anpew,aerrn: cnar b, rnAeTb, npvicnoHs:iTbo:t K YeMy-nvi6o, n111caTb, Y111TaTb, nerb, pa3rosapvisarb, ecrb, n111Tb, KYPV1Tb, ornpas11s:1Tb ecrecrseHHble HaA06HOCTll1 111J1V1 111HblM o6pa30M OTBJleKaTbGI OT BblnOJ1-HeHV1fl CBOll1X o6s:i3aHHOCTeiit, np111Hll1MaTb OT KOro 6bi TO Hll1 6bJJ10 111 ne­pe,D.aBaTb KOMY 6bl TO HV1 6bJnO KaK111e-1111160 npe,D.MeTbl, Bbl3blBaTb CB0-111MV1 AeiitCTBll1s:IMll1 cpa6aTblBaH111e TeXHV1YeCK111X cpeACTB oxpaHbl, AOCbl­JlaTb 6e3 He06XOA111MOCTll1 naTpOH B naTpOHH111K.

'-lacoBOM JJ,On>KeH OTBeYaTb Ha sonpOCbl TOllbKO HaYallbHll1Ka Kapay-11a, ero noMO~HviKa, csoero pa3BOA51~ero vi 11111u,, npvi6b1sw111x AJls:! npo­seprn.

'-lacoeo/:1 o6R3aH np111MeHs:1Tb opy>t<vie 6e3 npe,D.ynpe>K,D.eHvis:i B cnyYae s:isHoro Hana,D.eH111s:1 Ha Hero vi11111 Ha oxpaHs:ieMbliit V1M o6beKT, a TaK>Ke B cnyYae HenocpeACTBeHHOiit yrpo3bl Hana,D.eH111s:1 (cpvi3111yecKOro B03,D.eiit­crs111s:1), KOr,D.a npoMeAJ1eH111e s np111MeH~H111111 opy>t<vis:i C03,D.aer Henocpe: ACTBeHHYIO onaCHOCTb AJls:I >K1113Hll1 JltOAe111 V111V1 MO>KeT nOBJleYb 3a co60111 V1Hble Tfl)f(K111e nocneACTBV1fl. np111 3TOM np111MeHeHV1e opy>t<111s:1 He AOJl)f(­HO np111Yll1HV1Tb speA oxpaHs:ieMOMY 06beKTy 111 TpeTbll1M 11111u,aM.

Bcex 11111u,, np111611111>t<at0~111xrn K nocTy 11111111 K 3anpeTHoiit rpaH111u.e nocra, o6o3HaYeHHOiil Ha MeCTHOCTlll yKa3aTellflMlll, KpOMe HaYallbH111Ka Kapay11a, n0Mo~H111Ka HaYa11bH111Ka Kapay11a, csoero pa3BOAmuero 111 m11u,, conpOBO>K,D.aeMblX lllMll1, Yacosoiit OCTaHaBJ1111BaeT OKpVIKOM «(TOJit, Ha3aA!» 11111111 «CTOJit, o6oiitrn snpaso (sneso)!».

np111 Hesb1no11HeH111111 3TOro ·rpe6osaH111s:1 111 nepeceYeH111111 3anpeTHoiit rpaHlllU.bl nocra Yacosoiit npeAynpe>K,D.aeT Hapyw111Te11s:1 0Kp111KOM «CTOJit , crpe11mb 6yAy!» 111 3aAep>t<111saer ero. 0 3aAep>t<aH111111 Hapyw111re11s:1 Yaco­soiit coo6~aer s Kapay11bHoe noMe~eH111e, cneA111T 3a ero noseAeH111eM 111, He ocna611s:1s:1 BH111MaH111s:1, npoAOJl>t<aeT oxpaHmb nopyYeHHbliit eMy nocr.

Ecn111 Hapyw111Te11b nocne npeAynpe>K,D.eH111s:1 «Croiit, crpe11s:1Tb 6yAy!» npOAOn>t<aer AB111>t<eH111e, Yacosoiit AOCb111aer narpoH B narpoHHVIK 111 npo-1113BOA111T npe,D.ynpe,D.111re11bHb1Jit Bb1CTpe11 ssepx. np111 HeBbino11HeH111111 Ha­pyw111Te11eM 111 3TOro npeAynpe>K,D.eH111s:1 11111111 06paL1.1eH111111 ero B 6ercrso yacosoiit np111MeHs:1er no HeMy opy>t<111e.

Kor,D.a Ha 0Kp111K Yacosoro nocne,D.yeT orner: «VlAeT HaYallbHll1K Ka­pay11a (n0Mo~H111K HaYaJlbH111Ka Kapay11a, pa3BOAfl~viiit)», Yacosoiit np111-Ka3b1saeT: «HaYa11bHll1K Kapay11a (noMOLl.IHll1K HaYa11bH111Ka Kapayna, pa3-so,D.s:i~viiit), KO MHe, OCTallbHble - Ha MeCTe»; ecn111 Heo6XOAll1MO, Yaco­soiit Tpe6yeT, YT06b1 np111611111>Kat0~111iitrn K HeMy ocsern11 csoe 11111u,o. Y6eg111sw111cb, YTO Ha3sasw111iitrn Aeiilcrs111Te11bHO s:1s11s:1errn HaYallbHll1KOM Kapay11a (noMOLl.IHll1KOM HaYallbH111Ka Kapay11a, pa3sogs:1~111M), yacosoiit AonycKaeT ero 111 scex np1116b1sw111x 11111u, K ce6e.

:a ICI • mt = ""'

C9I: = = ca ~ = = ca N =­=

284-285

:a aa = = u =

0 BblBOAbl 1) YacosoMy BMeHeHbl oYeHb cepbe3Hble o6513aHHOCT111, BK11to4a51

oroHb Ha nopa>t<eH111e. 2) Yacosoill s oco6b1x cny4a51x MO>Ker np111MeH5!Tb opy>t<111e 6e3 npe­

Aynpe:>KAeH1115l. 3) n111u.o, np1116n111>Kato~eern K nocry, Yacosoilt (soopy>t<eHHb1ilt Kapa­

YllbHb1ilt) AOJl>KeH ocraHOBlllTb OKillllKOM 111 CJJ.enarb npeAynpe:>KAeH111e. Ec­m1 n111u.o npoJJ.Oll>Kaer np1116n111>KaTbGl, ro Yacosoilt Aenaer npeAynpeA111-TeJlbHb1ilt BblCTpen ssepx.

4) B cnyciae Hesb1nonHeH111H Hapyw111reneM nocneAHero rpe6osaHVIH ciacosoilt 111Meer npaso orKpblTb oroHb Ha nopa>KeH111e.

Bonpocb1 1. Ha sonpOCbl KaKlt1X AOJl>KHOCTHblX Jllt1U. 1113 41t1cna BOeHHocny>Ka­

~lllX AOJl>KeH orseYaTb yacosoilt? 2. B KaKoM nono:>1<eH1t1111 y ciacosoro AOJl>KeH 6b1Tb asrnMaT s JJ.Hes­

Hoe 1.-1 HOYHoe speM51? 3. noYeMy, Ha saw B3rllHA, YacosoMy 3anpe~eHb1 npaKrnciecK111 nto-

6b1e Aeiltcrs1115l, KpoMe 6A111TeJlbHOCT111 no oxpaHe nocra? 06ocHyiltre csoilt OTBeT.

4. B KaK111x cny4a51x Yacosoilt np111MeH5leT opy>t<1t1e Ha nopa>t<eH111e 6e3 npeAynpe:>KAeH1t15l?

3aAaH'1e noAroTOBbTe coo6~eH111e Ha reMy «06513aHHOCTlll yacosoro».

.flononH111TenbHbte Marep111anb1 K § 5 7 noABlllr pyccKoro 'facoeoro

6b1no nero 1915 roAa, aroporo roAa nepaoill M1-1poaoill aoil!Hbl. B cepeA1-1He 1-110I1H repMaHCK1-1e aoillcKa npeAnp1-1HRI1t.-1 HacrynneH1-1e Ha BocroYHOM cppoHre. B aarycre HeMU,bl nOAOWilt.-1 K ropOAY 1-1 Kpenocr111 6pecr-nmoacK.

YAep)l(aTb 6pecr pyccK1-1e apM1-11-1 He Mom1-1. Ocranrn HeBb1Be3eHHblM 1-1 60I1bWOill t.-1HTeHAaHTCKl-1ill CKilaA, HaXOAt-1BWl-1ii1CR B OKpeCTHOCTRX ro­POAa. OH 6blf1 pacnOflO)l(eH B6I11-131-1 OAHOro V13 cpopTOB KpenOCTl-1 B my-60Kl-1X nOA3eMHblX Ka3eMaTax. BXOA B CKilaA 6blf1 B30pBaH.

TOilbKO B 1924 roAy, KOrAa 6peCT HaXOAl-1I1CR Ha reppmop1-11-1 nonb­Wt.-1, nOI1bCKl-1e BOeHHble cram11 pacKanblBaTb 3aBafleHHblii1 BXOA B nOA3e­Meflbe.

6b1na npo61-1ra w1-1poKaR Ablpa, 1-1 a TeMHOTy CKilaAa cnycr1-1nrn c cpa­KeflOM YHTep-0¢1-1u,ep. V1 TOrAa npOt-130WI10 He'-lTO HeBepORTHOe.

npe)l(Ae YeM yHrep-0¢1-1u,ep ycnen CAenarb HecKOilbKO waroa, orKy­Aa -ro t.-13 TeMHOiil my61-1Hbl TOHHeflR ryflKO nporpeMefl TBepAblii1 1-1 rp03-Hblill OKpV1K: «Croill! Kro t-1AeT?»

nonRK, xopowo roaop1-1aw1-1ii1 no-pyccK1-1, OKI11-1KHYI1 HeBV1At-1MOro conAara 1-1 o6bHCHV1I1, KTO OH 1-1 3aYeM np1-1wen. Orser 6b1I1 coaepweH­Ho HeO)l(t-1AaHHblM: Yacoaoill 3aHBV1I1, YTO ero nocraa1-1n1-1 CIOAa oxpaHRTb CKilaA 1-1 OH He MO)l(eT AOnyCTV1Tb Ht.-1KOro B nOA3eMeflbe, noKa ero He cMeHRT Ha nocry. TorAa owenoMneHHblil! yHrep-0¢1-1u.ep cnpornn, 3Ha­er Ilt.-1 YaCOBOiil, CKOilbKO BpeMeHV1 OH npo6blf1 3AeCb, nOA 3eMneill. «.Ua, 3Hal0, - noCileAoaan oraer. - Sl 3acryn1-1n Ha nocr AeBRTb ner Ha3aA, B aarycre TblCR'-la AeBHTbCOT nRTHaAu.aroro roAa». Bo MpaKe TOHHeflR 6blfl )l(t.-180111 YeflOBeK, pyccK1-1ii1 COilAaT, npOCTORBWl-1iil B Kapayne 6eccMeHHO AeBRTb ner! LJacoaoMy AOnro o6bRCHRflt-1, YTO crapoiil Pocrn1-1 6onbwe He cyll.(ecrnyer, 1-1 TOilbKO ror,o.a OH comac1-111rn nOKV1HYTb caoiil nocr. COI1AaT paccKa3af1 OTKOnaBWl-1M ero nOilRKaM t.-1CTOpt.-110 caoeiil AeBRTV1-IleTHeii1 )l(t.-13H1-1 noA 3eMneiil.

B AeHb, KOrAa 6b1Jl B30pBaH BXOA B CKilaA, OH CTORfl Ha nocry B nOA3eMHOM TOHHefle. B cnewKe 3BaKyau.1-11-1, BepOHTHO, 3a6blfl 06 3TOM nOA3eMHOM nocry ero KapayflbHbliil Ha'-laflbHl-1K.

Ha cKilaAe 6b1111-1 6onbw1-1e 3anacb1 cyxapeiil, KOHcepaoa 1-1 Apyrnx caMblX pa3Hoo6pa3HblX npOAYKTOB. Tyr 6b1na 1-1 BOAa. Y 3aMypoaaHHO­ro a noA3eMenbe conAaTa 6b1no ace Heo6xoA1-1Moe, YT06b1 n0Mep)l(111-aarb CBOIO )l(t.-13Hb HeorpaHt.-1'-leHHO AOilrOe speMH. OcraBaflOCb TOilbKO )l(AaTb 1-1 HaAeRTbCH, '-lTO paHO t.-1flt.-1 n03AHO pyccKaH apMt-1R B03Bparnr­rn B 6pecr 1-1 TOrAa 3acb1naHHb1iil CKilaA pacKona10r, a OH CHosa sepHer­rn K )l(t.-13Ht.-1, K IllOAHM. npowno AOI1rt.-1X AeBRTb IleT nOA 3eMI1eiil .. .

nonbCKt.-1e 0¢1-1u.epbl rosop11111111 CBOll1M COflAaTaM: «YYl-1TeCb, KaK Ha­AO HeCTt.-1 BOll1HCKYIO Cfly)l(6y, y 3TOro xpa6poro pyccKoro COflAaTa».

(OflAaTy npeAf10)1(111f1111 OCTaTbCR B nonbwe, HO OH Herepnef1111BO pBaflCR Ha POA111HY 111 BCKope yexan TO flt.-1 Ha YKpa111Hy, TO flll1 Ha ,OOH. Ha 3TOM 1-1 06opaan111cb ero CfleAbl.

(no Marep1-1anaM paccKa3a C. C. CMMpHoaa «5eccMeHHbJfit 11acoaofit»)

:a ICI • ::::n = u

ca = = ca ~ :::I = ca N =­=