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2. http://www.thewriterscoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/starting-over.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 3. 2013, p.212013 GLOCOM2014/2/13 4. US 1. availability 2. essentiality 3. affordability 22 1214GLOCOM2014/2/13 5. 9728731 85591225 GLOCOM2014/2/13 6. OECD1991 Universal geographical access Universal affordable access 100 Universal service quality Universal tariffs GLOCOM2014/2/13 7. affordability / GLOCOM2014/2/13http://www.comparebroadband.com.au/images/Pictures/Picture_899.jpg 8. GLOCOM2014/2/13 9. 221 324 141 326 GLOCOM2014/2/13 10. GLOCOM2014/2/13 11. GLOCOM2014/2/13 12. http://www.tca.or.jp/universalservice/GLOCOM2014/2/13 13. GLOCOM2014/2/13http://www.i-heart-god.com/images/get%20off%20your%20assumptions.jpg 14. GLOCOM2014/2/13 15. GLOCOM2014/2/13http://marcstevens.net/NSPmedia/Images/Photographs/bureaucrat.jpg 16. GLOCOM2014/2/13http://www.vertu.com/ 17. http://www.donchaka.com/img/childcare/childcare_img91.gifGLOCOM2014/2/13 18. http://www.foodwewant.org/var/ezwebin_site/storage/images/news/global-hunger-index2012-launched/10119-1-eng-GB/Global-Hunger-Index-2012-Launched_article_full_l.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 19. GLOCOM2014/2/13http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YbGAvSxktaU/UDu6_zJ_9YI/AAAAAAAAEdE/PpKl112qRM/s1600/2012+Lunch+Bunch+Back+Pack+Day+waiting+2.jpg 20. http://i.zemanta.com/130915909_80_80.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 21. http://lego.cooperman.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Boston-Tea-Party-16.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 22. GLOCOM2014/2/13 http://d3515qaf3aty6m.cloudfront.net/ebe09aa671d16e741cef21e34cc67f32/news/1363737871supply-and-demand-01-resized-600.png-scaled.jpg 23. http://www.socialistrevolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/climate-change_1509200c.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 24. GLOCOM2014/2/1325 25. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2008GLOCOM2014/2/132009201020112012 26. http://www.geocities.jp/hyuga_kujira/07.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 http://www.aletheia.ac.jp/s/note/assets_c/2013/01/3%E5% B9%B4%E3%83%91%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3-thumb600x401-6050.jpg 27. 4 GLOCOM2014/2/13http://img.youtube.com/vi/YwtUsuRaUPE/0.jpg 28. http://interpolblacklist.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/cloudcomputing.jpg%3Fw%3D300%26h%3D225GLOCOM2014/2/13http://www.zetta.net/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/Cloud-Storage-Evolution.jpg 29. http://pds2.exblog.jp/pds/1/200811/13/37/e0137837_13463878.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 30. http://userdisk.webry.bigl obe.ne.jp/012/985/88/N00 0/000/001/izu-8.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 http://lakecomoheart.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/11/images3.jpghttp://cdnak.f.sthatena.com/images/fot olife/s/satochan8/2011 0226/20110226221104.j pg 31. OTT Q: How concerned are you about Internet upstarts like Google, MSN, Vonage, and others? A: How do you think they're going to get to customers? Through a broadband pipe. Cable companies have them. We have them. Now what they would like to do is use my pipes free, but I ain't going to let them do that because we have spent this capital and we have to have a return on it. So there's going to have to be some mechanism for these people who use these pipes to pay for the portion they're using. Why should they be allowed to use my pipes? Nov. 6, 2005, BusinessWeekGLOCOM2014/2/13 32. ROE for Sept. 30, 2013 Google16.48%Apple29.49%Amazon1.57%Comcast13.09%Time Warner12.97%AT&T8.25%Verizon6.36% http://ycharts.com/24GLOCOM2014/2/13 33. http://img.talkandroid.com/uploads/2013/10/Reset-button.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 34. National minimum communication experience GLOCOM2014/2/13 35. GLOCOM2014/2/13 , 201010, pp.4-7. 36. GLOCOM2014/2/13 37. NTT GLOCOM2014/2/13 38. NTT GLOCOM2014/2/13 39. http://www.seanogle.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Inspiration1-600x300.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 40. Essentiality Affordability Availability http://www.markblinder.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/83900397.jpgGLOCOM2014/2/13 41. OECD1991 c) Universal service quality Quality of service indicators could be agreed with the operator and agreed targets could be required and monitored, with failure to meet targets being subject to penalty, such as rebates to customers. Whether within a universal basic quality of service it was appropriate or feasibleto have different levels of quality at different prices could then be considered and transparently administered. OECD (1991) Universal Service and Rate Restructuring in Telecommunications, p.84.GLOCOM2014/2/13 42. 1996531 GLOCOM2014/2/13 43. 20 GLOCOM2014/2/13 44. GLOCOM2014/2/1320 45. Essentiality GLOCOM2014/2/13 46. Essentiality 0.5Mbps GLOCOM2014/2/13FCC (2010) National Broadband Plan 47. GLOCOM2014/2/13 48. GLOCOM2014/2/13 49. Carrier of last resort NTT w/ GLOCOM2014/2/13 http://previewcf.turbosquid.com/Preview/201 3/12/05__03_00_08/IceHockey_GK_00.jpgd4ef1 a8c-5392-4bb3-86a3-36b8ca6d08e3Large.jpg 50. Affordability GLOCOM2014/2/13 51. GLOCOM2014/2/13, 52. GLOCOM2014/2/13 53. GLOCOM2014/2/13 54. A) Carrier of last resort Carrier of last resort AXGLOCOM2014/2/13 55. BitStream OTTCarrier of last resort NTT GLOCOM2014/2/13 http://webcast.softbank.co.jp/ja/pdf/hikari_road/hikari_road_doc.pdf 56. BitStream BitStream GLOCOM2014/2/13http://www.plumvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/happy-employees.gif 57. BitStream E2E BitStream Regulatory Taking BitStream GLOCOM2014/2/13http://www.plumvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/happy-employees.gif 58. ICT FTTH. GLOCOM2014/2/13http://img04.ti-da.net/usr/soraumiblue/%E5%8E%9F%E7%82%B9%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%B0.jpg 59.