4.Sistem Pencernaan Makanan 1
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Transcript of 4.Sistem Pencernaan Makanan 1
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SISTEM PENCERNAAN MAKANAN
Bagian 1
drg. Happy Harmono, M.Kes
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TOOTHLIP
LIP
HARD PALATE SOFT PALATE
TONGUE
ORAL STRUCTURES - Sagittal view
SALIVARY GLANDS
ALVEOLAR BONE+ CHEEK WABeresford
GUM
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1. LABIABibir berdsr strukturnya 3 bagian :
1. Bag. luar ditutupi kulit tipis disbt pars cutanea
- punya epitel berlapis pipih bertanduk
- dgn kel. sebacea,
` - kel. sudorifera
- folikel rambut.
2. Pd bagian merah bibir atau pars intermedia,
- mengandung pblh darah & syaraf.
- disbt Red area / transitional zone / lip margin.
- epitel berlapis pipih tanpa tanduk serta pd
lamina proprianya punya papillae.
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• 3. Bag. Mukosa / pars mukosa, punya epitel berlapis pipih tak bertanduk serta lamina propria dgn papillae yg tinggi-tinggi & banyak dijumpai glandulae labialis yg bersifat sero-mukos.
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LIPRED MARGIN VERMILION BORDER
HAIRY SKIN
MUSCLE
LABIAL MUCOSA thick strat squam ep
LABIALGLAND mucous
RED MARGIN keratin thins away no follicles or glands
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Gambar 14.1A, Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (pars cutanea); B, Red margin; C, Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (pars mucosa); D, Minor mucoserous salivary glands
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Gambar 14.2: Pars cutanea labiaA, Sweat gland; B, Sebaceous gland; C, Hair follicle
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Gambar 14.3: Pars intermedia labiaA, Red margin;B, Nonkeratinized oral mucosa; C, Orbicularis oris muscle
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Gambar 14.4: Sub mukosa A, Mixed seromucous glands; B, Dense connective tissue; C, Blood vessels
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2. LINGUA
Struktur sebagian besar otot-otot bergrs yg tdr gabungan sabut-sabut otot yg berjln saling tegak lurus satu dgn lainnya pd 3 arah.
Lidah dibagi 2 daerah : - didepan (ventral) seluas 2/3 bagian, pd permuk.
banyak ditemukan papilla lingualis. - 1/3 bag. dorsal banyak terdpt limphonodi & kel.
spt kel. Ebner serus murni & bermuara didsr sulcus
papilla sirkumvalata & kel. Weber mukos murni, Juga
terdpt kelenjar Blandin Nuhn yg bersifat seromukos.
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Dermis’ DERMAL PAPILLA
dermal papilla
DENTAL PAPILLA
Developing DENTAL ORGAN
Interdental/interproximal papilla of gingiva
GINGIVA
Papa PAPILLA & Dental Family
HAIR’s
VALLATE, FILIFORM, & FUNGIFORM
LINGUAL PAPILLAE
TONGUE
& palate’s incisive papilla
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TONGUE - dorsumTONSILS
CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA
FILIFORM PAPILLAE
FUNGIFORM PAPILLA
Taste bud
Trench
FOLIATE PAPILLAE on the lateral tongue are vestigial in man, prominent in rabbit
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Gambar 14.5: Potongan lidah
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Mukosa bag. dorsal penuh tonjolan papilla lingualis dgn epitel berlapis pipih & penandukan tdk sempurna.
Papilla lingualis dibtk oleh propria papil dan permuk. diliputi epitel. Propria papil bercabang lagi shg ada papil primer dan sekunder. Dibwhnya terdpt otot bergaris.
Pd lidah manusia didptkan 3 jenis papilla lingualis : papilla filiformis, fungiformis & sirkumvalata.
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Papilla filiformis berbtk konis relatif panjang & sempit, dgn epitel berlapis pipih bertanduk, & epitelnya mengikuti kontur papil sekunder. Jml papilla filiformis banyak menutupi hampir seluruh permukaan dorsal lidah.
Papilla fungiformis btknya spt jamur menonjol pd permuk. lidah dgn bag. dekat basal lebih kecil dr bag. atasnya. Epitelnya berlapis pipih tanpa tanduk shg warnanya nampak lebih merah.
Papilla ini mempunyai papilla primer & sekunder, ttp epitel tdk mengikuti kontur papilla sekunder.
Kadang dipermuk. terdpt Taste bud yg berfungsi alat pengecap.
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Papilla sirkumvalata Jmlhnya sedikit hanya sekitar 7 – 12 buah. Btk spt fungiformis ttp jauh lebih besar & dikelilingi parit. Letaknya di sepanjang sulcus terminalis. Dilapisi epitel berlapis pipih tdk bertanduk ttp tdk mengikuti kontur papilla sekunder. Punya Taste bud yg banyak trtm di bag. lateral. Papilla foliata btk spt daun ttp pd manusia rudimenter. Letaknya diposterior lateral lidah dekat sulcus terminalis. Epitel nya tdk bertanduk, punya 3 propria papilla sekunder & yg tengah terdpt pemblh darah sedang yg tepi terdpt sabut saraf.
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Gambar 14.6: Papilla fungiform
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Gambar 14.7: Papilla sirkumvalata, A. Taste bud
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Taste bud :
mrpk alat pengecap rasa.
Taste bud terdpt diantara epitel permuk. papilla yg tampak pucat dgn bentuk spt tong. Basalnya berhub. dgn tunica propria, taste bud ini punya lubang kecil yg sebelah luar disbt outer taste pore (pori gustatori) & kearah dalam terdpt bentukan sel reseptor (neuroepitel cell) yg memanjang kearah basal berhub. dgn serat saraf serta dikelilingi sel selubung (sel penyangga/sustentaculer cells) serta ada sel basal.
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3. MUKOSA GINGIVAEpitel berlapis pipih bertanduk dgn berbagai tingkat. Penandukkan paling tebal pd bagian yg banyak terkena gesekan pd proses mengunyah.
Epitel disebelah dlm punya tonjolan diantara propria papil yg dinamakan retepeg. Disisi luar epitel retepeg terdpt cekungan yg disbt stipling.
Mukosa ggv punya Propria papil tinggi-tinggi & banyak mengandung pblh darah.
Propria tdr anyaman sabut-sabut jar. ikat kasar yg melekat pd tulang alveol atau pd permuk. akar di sekitar servikal gigi. Tdk mempunyai sub mukosa yg jelas.
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Muco-gingival junction
Periodontal ligament
FREE GINGIVA
TOOTH
Crest of Alveolar bone
Muco-gingival junction
ATTACHED GINGIVA
Alveolar mucosalies outside alveolar bone
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Gambar 14.9: A, Rete peg; B, Connective tissue papilla; C, Oral cavity adjacent to attached gingiva; D, Parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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Gambar 14.11: Mukosa pipi
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Gambar 14.10: A, Stippling gingiva; B, Keratin layer
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AA
B
Gambar 14.12: A. Mukosa gingiva, B. Mukosa pipi
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5. MUKOSA PALATUM • Palatum Durum, epitelnya berlapis pipih
bertanduk, propria papil panjang-panjang & byk pblh darah shg berwarna merah muda. punya sub mukosa ttp didekat ggv & di Midline tdk ada. Punya sabut-sabut jar. ikat kasar yg berarah vertikal yg mengikat lamina propria dgn kuat thd periosteum palatum durum.
• 1/3 anterior submucosanya disbt fatty zone krn banyak lemak, ttp 2/3 bagian posterior glandulla zone byk ngandung kel. mukous. Didekat raphe sering dijumpai epithelial peare yg mrpk kumpulan sel epitel pipih berbtk bulat sbg sisa fusi process. palatinus.
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HARD PALATE: Cross-section
PALATE BONE why it is hard!
RAPHE midline ridge (a join)
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM para-keratinized
Periosteum
ADIPOSE CT - anterior MUCOUS GLANDS - posterior act as thin padding Rugae - ridges - not shown
& palate’s incisive papilla
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Gambar 14.13: Regio posterolateral dari palatum keras. A, Submucosa mengandung glandula seromucous;
B, Mucoperiosteum
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• Palatum Molle,
epitelnya berlapis pipih tanpa tanduk. Lapisan ini terus ke permuk. uvula & nasopharynx yg kemudian dilanjutkan dgn epitel berderet silindrik bersilia dgn sel goblet.
Submukosa banyak ngandung kel. mukous sedang yg kearah pharyngeal kel. campur. Otot bergaris yg kecil-kecil terdpt dlm palatum molle & uvula.
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Gambar 13.14A, Hard palate; B, Soft palate;
C, Nasal cavity (dorsal to the hard and soft palate)
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6. DASAR RONGGA MULUT Epitel berlapis pipih tak bertanduk. Submukosanya kendor & berisi kel. sublingual
Gambar 14.13: Mukosa dasar mulut
Gambar 14.13: Mukosa dasar mulut
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7. PHARYNX• saluran berfungsi sbg jalan nafas atau jalan
mkn.• epitel berbeda-beda sesuai tempat &
fungsinya.
-Pd sal. mkn epitel berlps pipih tanpa
tanduk,
-pd sal. nafas epitel berderet silindrik
-pd perbatasan epitel berlapis silindrik.
• Pd lapisan bawah epitel terdpt jar. ikat padat fibroelastik, lebih kedlm terdpt sabut elastik berarah longitudinal.
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• Pd lapisan lebih dlm terdpt otot bergaris.
• Jar. ikat pd fibroelastik terdpt pd submukosa lapisan fibroelastik.
• Didlm nasopharynx terdpt banyak jar. limfoid yg tersusun difus maupun kel. limfonoduli, serta kel. campur.
• Pd oropharynx & laryngopharynx terdpt limfonoduli yg tersebar & sedikit kelenjar mukous.
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• terimakasih