Principles of EcologyBio 271

3rd lecture

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Abiotic com.

Inorganic Organic Climatic —Water —C,o2 ,N2—Minerals

•Protiens•Carpohydrates•“connection between abiotic and biotic comp.”

—Gravity —Light —Tem.—Winds —Humidity

Abiotic Components

Medium Climatic factors Chemical Natural Factors

Climatic factors

Winds Light Humidity

Temperature

Light Effects

• Electromagnetic radiation from sun.• Plant:–Photosynthesis : is a chemical process that converts

carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight :

–phototropism : is directional growth in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction of the light source.

• Animals –Nocturnal animals ، Diurnal animals

– Immigration:

Temperature Effects

• Behaviors–Hibernation : is a state of inactivity and metabolic

depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate. Hibernating animals conserve food, especially during winter when food supplies are limited .

–Aestivation: a state of animal dormancy,characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions It takes place during times of heat and dryness, the hot dry season, which is often but not necessarily the summer months

Temperature Effects

•

• Behaviors

–Ectotherms : refers to organisms that control body temperature through external means. (lizards)

–Endotherms: describe animal species which have a relatively higher blood temperature, and maintain thermal homeostasis primarily through internal metabolic processes. These are characteristics of mammals and birds.

Humidity Effects

• amount of water vapor in the air • Precipitation=rain +snow

• Humidity is one of the fundamental abiotic factors that defines any habitat, and is a determinant of which animals and plants can thrive in a given environment

• tropical …savana …desert

•) مظهرية تحورات(

شواك حتى ال تفقد الماء وتقليص المساحة السطحية الكلية للنبات – .تحورها ال

نسجة الخازنة للماء: Succulent Plant العصيريةالنباتات – .زيادة اال

عن الماء – .زيادة حجم المجموع الجذري في التربة بحثا

•– كل سيقان .ورق الشجيرات والحصول على الماء من ا

ثناء فترة الغروب : بعض الغزالن – !الرطوبة من الجو وقبيل الشروق لتلقي الندى وفتح الفم ا

الحصول على الماء من دم الفرائس–

) : طيلة حياته القطرةو (الجربوع–

كسجين من الهواء الجوي– يكونا الماء والهيدروجين من البذور الجافة ،يتحدا داخل جسمه +اال

مدهشة تكيفات Amazing Adaptations

Winds

• Increase evaporation

• If plants are exposed to strong prevailing winds are they usually smaller than those in less windy conditions.

• dispersal of seeds

• dispersal of insects and microorgansms

• Stopping active

Medium

Air water Soil

Air

• Including gases which important to life• Birds ,insect

Water

Organisms are composed of much water––70%-95%

• Supportive external environment for aquatic organisms

• Cellular medium within which biochemical reactions can occur

• Transport medium for food, oxygen, and other things needed by cells

• Means of support-Turgid plant cells/Hydrostatic animal support systems

Soil • These factors include soil texture, soil air, soil

temperature, soil water, soil solution and pH, together with soil organisms and decaying matter.

• Decomposition.• Habitat to some animals

Talk about camel adaptations

Let's see how much you know!

Remember the pictures.

Think about what we talked about.

Think about what you learned.

Photosynthesis. phototropism , Succulent Plant

Immigration. Diurnality, Nocturnality

Do you know some Immigration animals here?

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