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33b Hdrauliline lk

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3 . Hdraulika31. Torustike arvutus32. Kanalite arvutus33. Hdrauliline lk

34. Hdrotehnilised rajatised

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33b levaade

Hdraulilise lgi arvutusPinge arvutus

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33b pivljundid

Teadmised mis on hdrolk mis on alarhufaas mis on lerhufaas mis on lklaine

periood

Oskused arvutada pinget torus seletada, kuidas tekib

hdrolk

oskate leida rhumuutust torus mrata lklaine

periood

leida lklaine kiirus

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33b Kirjanduse loetelu[1] Hdraulika ja pumbad. AleksanderMaasti k jt. [2] Hdromehaanika. K. Laig na[3] Hdraulika. L.Tepaks[4] Hdraulika. J. Rabinov it

[5] . .. [6] . .. , ..[7] . . . [8] . ..

[9] Engineering fluid mechanics. W.P.Graebel

[10] Understanding Hydraulics. L.Hamill

[1] lk 113-120

[2] lk 346-349[3] lk 192-206[4] lk 276-279

[5] . 356-265[6] . 398-406

[7] . 243-246[8] . 314-329

[10]

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Lklaine kiirus

Ei sltu vedeliku voolamise kiirusest

c - lklaine kiirus, m/sK - vedelikuelastsusmoodul, PaE - materjalielastsusmoodul, Pae - toru seinte paksus, md - siselbimt, m - vedeliku tihedus, kg/m 3

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Elastsusmoodulid

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Elastsusmoodulid

Teras 160 GPa Vesi 2,15 GPa

Malm, alumiinium 70 GPa Etanool 1,06 GPa

Vask 123 GPa li SAE 30 1,5 GPaKlaas 53 GPa Bensiin 1,3 GPa

PVC 4 GPa Nafta 1,5 GPa

Messing 108 GPa Petrooleum 1,3 GPa

Betoon 21 GPa Etleenglkool 3,4 GPa

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Lklaine periood

Aeg, mille jooksul laine juab tagasi siibri juurde.

c - lklaine kiirus, m/s - lklaine periood, s l - toru pikkus, m

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Otselk

Kui siibri sulgemise aeg on lhem, kui lklaineperiood, tegemist on otselgiga. See thendab, etlklaine tuleb tagasi siibri juurde ja ta on jubakinni.

Vastasel juhul tegemist on kaudlgiga.

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Nide

Kui vesi voolab 100m terastorus (d=15 cm), siisklapi sulgemisega 0,1 sekundiga phjustab kaud-vi otselgi? Toruseinad on 5 mm paksud.

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Nide

Selleks on vaja mrata, kas periood on lhem vipikem, kui klapi avamise aeg.

Lahenduskik:1. Leida lklaine kiirus2. Leida lklaine periood3. Vrrelda klapi avamise ajaga

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1. Lklaine kiiruse leidmine

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2. Lklaine perioodi leidmine

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3. Kas tegemist on otselgiga

Antud juhul lklaine periood on 0,162 s, mis onsuurem, kui klapi sulgemise aeg (0,1 s), seegatorus tekib otselk:

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ukovski valem

Kirjeldab rhu muutust hdrolgi puhul

p max - rhu kasv, Pa

c - lklaine kiirus, m/s - vedeliku tihedus, kg/m 3v0 - voolu algkiirus, m/s

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Toru tugevuse mramine

Kui rhk suureneb liiga palju, toru ei pruugi vastupidada. Kik sltub toru materjalist ja voolukiirusest.

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Torus tekkiv pinge

p - rhk torusd - siselbimte - toru seinte paksus, m

- pinge torus, Pa

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Nide

Terastorus (d=15 cm, seinte paksus 5 mm) vesivoolab kiirusega 0,5 m/s. Lubatud pinge 160 MPa.Rhk enne lki oli 4 bar.Kas tekkiv lk purustab toru?

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Lahenduskik

1. Leida rhk torus2. Leida pinge torus3. Vrrelda pinged

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2. Pinge leidmine

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3. Vrdleme pinged

Ilmselt 15 MPa on viksem, kui lubatud 160 MPa,seega hdrauliline lk ei purusta seekord toru.

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Ksimused

Mida on vaja teha, et hdrauliline lk ei tekiks?Kas vedeliku saab kokku suruda?Kas gaasitorustikes esineb hdrauliline lk? Miks?

Mis on hdrolkKuidas tekib hdrolk torusMiks siibrid on keermetega