3. geom proses struktural
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Transcript of 3. geom proses struktural
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stress
stress
Fold
Tekanan pada perlapisan batuan sedimen menghasilkan relief bergelombang
Rocks can bend or fold under stress.
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Fold terminology: limbs, axis (hinge), axial plane
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Dip – Strike
Lipatan/fold yang telah tersingkap oleh proses erosi akan menunjukkan perlapisan batuan sedimennya. Arah lipatan dapat direkonstruksi melalui pengukuran Dip - Strike
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Fold classifications:
1. Klasifikasi berdasar posisi relatif lapisan berumur tua dan muda
a. Antiklinal
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Fold classifications:
1. Klasifikasi berdasar posisi relatif lapisan berumur tua dan muda
b. sinklinal
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Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
a. Synform : Arah dip di kedua sisi berlawanan menuju lembah/fold center
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Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
b. Antiform : Arah dip di kedua sisi berlawanan menjauhi puncak/fold center
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Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
c. Other form (Contoh : homoklinal)
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Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
c. Other form (Contoh : monoklinal)
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Fold classifications:
3. Klasifikasi berdasar kemiringan axial plane
a. upright--vertical
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Fold classifications:
3. Klasifikasi berdasar kemiringan axial plane
b. inclined--inclined
inclined fold
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Fold classifications:
3. Klasifikasi berdasar kemiringan axial plane
c. recumbent--near horizontal
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Fold classifications:
4. Klasifikasi berdasar perbandingan relatif antara
dip di kedua limb : symmetrical , asymmetrical,
overturned
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Plunging fold
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Lembah sinklinal
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Hog back When rocks are uplifted
by mountain building
processes, erosion of the softer, less
resistant rock occurs leaving a
ridge of the more resistant rock.
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Cuesta, broken faultEscarpment face of a cuesta, broken by a fault. Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee
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Pola aliran yang terbentuk pada zone lipatan adalah trellis.
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Struktur minor pada batuan sedimen dalam perlapisan horisontal
Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee
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Struktur minor pada batuan sedimen dalam perlapisan horisontal
1. Perlapisan silang siur (Cross bedded) /
2. Riple marks
3. Mud marks
4. Concretions
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Fault Terminology:
1. strike and dip
2. hanging wall/headwall
3. footwall
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Fault Terminology:
1. hanging wall/headwall
2. footwall
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Fault Terminology:
fault scarps (tectonic) faultline scarps (erosional: structurally controlled by not tectonic) Aspy Valley: faultline scarp, lowland, and plateau truncated spurs/triangular facet (also produced by glaciation) wineglass valley (Death Valley)
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Fault Terminology: fault scarps (tectonic)
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Fault Terminology: Escarpments
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Fault Terminology: Linier valley (erosional:
structurally controlled by not tectonic)
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Tipe Fault
Dip Slip Faults Normal
Reverse
Strike Slip Faults
left lateral
right lateral
Pull-apart Basins and transverse Mountains: form where a transform fault bends
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Tipe Fault
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Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
Normal faults Reverse faults
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Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
A graben fault is produced when tensional stresses result in the subsidence of a block of rock. On a large scale these features are known as Rift Valleys
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Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
A horst fault is the development of two reverse faults causing a block of rock to be pushed up
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Kerak bumi dengan posisi yang lebih rendah diantara dua blok yang lain disebut Graben.
Sedangkan kerak bumi yang mengalami kenaikan elevasi disebut Horst.
Tipe Fault
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