21st Century College English: Book 2 Unit 2: Part B.

21st Century College English: Book 221st Century College English: Book 2

Unit 2: Part BUnit 2: Part B

• Revision of Text A

• Text B

• Listening PracticeListening Practice

• AssignmentAssignment

Unit 2: Part BUnit 2: Part B

Revision of Text ARevision of Text A

• ExercisesExercises

Word Building

Cloze

• Dictation

• Translation

Word BuildingWord Building

Ex. VI

Ex. VII

Ex. VIII

Word BuildingWord Building

Exercises Exercises • • Word BuildingWord Building

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VI, p. 50Ex. VI, p. 50《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VI, p. 50Ex. VI, p. 50


PrefixPrefix

mis-mis-

to mean:to mean:do badly or wronglydo badly or wrongly

to be added to:to be added to:verbsverbs

Now study the following words and then use them to complete the Now study the following words and then use them to complete the sentences below.sentences below.


misplacemisplacemisprintmisprintmisleadmislead misinformmisinform

misusemisusemisunderstandmisunderstand

mismatchmismatch misspellmisspell

1.1. Do you mind paying the bill? I seem to have Do you mind paying the bill? I seem to have __________ my walle my wallet.t. misplacedmisplaced

mismatchedmismatched

2.2. When Professor Halifax married a bicycle repairman, everWhen Professor Halifax married a bicycle repairman, everyone was sure such a _____ couple could never be happy – yone was sure such a _____ couple could never be happy – but they’ve been together for 13 years now.but they’ve been together for 13 years now.






3.3. The chief of police was removed from office for _____ publiThe chief of police was removed from office for _____ public funds.c funds. misusingmisusing

misleadmislead

4.4. Don’t let her calm reaction ________ you — actually, she’s Don’t let her calm reaction ________ you — actually, she’s furious!furious!






5.5. The word “battle” was _____ in the newspaper as “bottle”.The word “battle” was _____ in the newspaper as “bottle”.

misprintedmisprinted

misinformedmisinformed

6.6. They didn’t show up at the meeting because they’d been __They didn’t show up at the meeting because they’d been _____ about the time it was to start.___ about the time it was to start.





7.7. Although many of the words are _____, her composition is eAlthough many of the words are _____, her composition is excellent for a child of six.xcellent for a child of six. misspelledmisspelled

misunderstoodmisunderstood

8.8. He understood your words, but completely _____ your He understood your words, but completely _____ your meaning.meaning.



《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VII, p. 50Ex. VII, p. 50《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VII, p. 50Ex. VII, p. 50


PrefixPrefixre-re-

to mean:to mean:do once again, do once again,

(usually) in a (usually) in a different waydifferent way


e.g.e.g. rere ++ organizeorganize reorganize reorganize== organize again organize againrere ++ writewrite rewrite rewrite= = write againwrite again

Now rewrite the following sentences with the prefix re-re-..

1.1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to

help the victims build their houses again.help the victims build their houses again.

rebuildrebuild

2.2. Will you consider your decision once again? No one wants you tWill you consider your decision once again? No one wants you t

o leave.o leave.

reconsiderreconsider


3.3. Some of Lu Xun’s writings were lost for decades, but they were Some of Lu Xun’s writings were lost for decades, but they were

discovered again in the mid-80s.discovered again in the mid-80s.

rediscoveredrediscovered

4.4. I see no need to state the policy on late homework one more I see no need to state the policy on late homework one more

time.time.restaterestate



5.5. The library’s been arranged in a new way, and I can’t find any of The library’s been arranged in a new way, and I can’t find any of

the books I need.the books I need.

rearrangedrearranged

6.6. I hope this dictionary will be printed again soon – I’d like to buy I hope this dictionary will be printed again soon – I’d like to buy

one.one.reprintedreprinted



7.7. Stevie Wonder’s earliest albums have been unavailable for seveStevie Wonder’s earliest albums have been unavailable for seve

ral years, but they’re being released again next month.ral years, but they’re being released again next month.

re-releasedre-released

8.8. I didn’t care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it whI didn’t care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it wh

en I read it a second time.en I read it a second time.

rereadreread



9.9. John Harding is best known for interpreting Shakespeare’s playJohn Harding is best known for interpreting Shakespeare’s play

s in a new way.s in a new way.

reinterpretingreinterpreting

10.10. You’ve misunderstood me — let me phrase what I said in a diffeYou’ve misunderstood me — let me phrase what I said in a diffe

rent way.rent way.

rephraserephrase




《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 51Ex. VIII, p. 51《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 51Ex. VIII, p. 51SuffixSuffix

-er-er-or-or

to mean:to mean:someone who someone who does somethingdoes something


A.A. Now add Now add -er -er or or -or -or to the following words, or cut off to the following words, or cut off -er-er tto form new words.o form new words.


gardengarden calculatecalculate

receivereceive containcontain

commandcommand remainremain

hikerhiker inspectinspect

steamsteam processprocess

supervisorsupervisor buildbuild

contributecontribute consumeconsume

painterpainter teenageteenage

gardenergardener calculatorcalculator

receiverreceiver containercontainer

commandercommander remainderremainder

hikehike inspectorinspector

steamersteamer processorprocessor

supervisesupervise builderbuilder

contributorcontributor consumerconsumer

paintpaint teenagerteenager

B.B. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with some Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with some of the words you have formed.of the words you have formed.


1.1. The position of manager involves training and _____ all the The position of manager involves training and _____ all the clerks in the office.clerks in the office.

supervisingsupervising

inspector inspector

2.2. A school ________ visits our school regularly and then A school ________ visits our school regularly and then reports to the board of education about what he’s found.reports to the board of education about what he’s found.



3.3. When you divide 12 by 5, the _____ is 2.When you divide 12 by 5, the _____ is 2.

remainderremainder

processorprocessor

4.4. A new word _____ would be a big help to our business; the A new word _____ would be a big help to our business; the old one is barely working.old one is barely working.



5.5. Being a _____ is a wonderful job for anyone who enjoys a qBeing a _____ is a wonderful job for anyone who enjoys a quiet life and understands what plants need.uiet life and understands what plants need.

calculatorcalculator

6.6. I don’t understand why students can’t use _____ during exaI don’t understand why students can’t use _____ during exams; in real life, no one does math in their heads anymore.ms; in real life, no one does math in their heads anymore.

gardenergardener



7.7. The _____ ordered his soldiers to attack the city under the cThe _____ ordered his soldiers to attack the city under the cover of darkness.over of darkness.

containercontainer

8.8. Some food can be kept fresh for weeks if it’s stored in the riSome food can be kept fresh for weeks if it’s stored in the right kind of _____.ght kind of _____.

commandercommander



9.9. During the springtime, many people go _____ in the forests During the springtime, many people go _____ in the forests and mountains.and mountains.

hikinghiking

Exercises Exercises • • ClozeCloze

XIII. Choose the most appropriate words and expressions to fill the blanks in the passage below. Change the form where necessary.

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 53Ex. XIII, p. 53《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 53Ex. XIII, p. 53immigrant

factorfactoroffspring obligation

guiltguiltexcel

horrifyhorrify guiltyguiltymotivate

discriminationdiscriminationoweowe repayrepayvastvast resentresent furthermorefurthermorealthoughalthough butbuthoweverhowever in factin fact one dayone day

somedaysomeday thanthan


William Liu, who came to the United States as a youngster in William Liu, who came to the United States as a youngster in

1946, views the Asian-American experience somewhat 1946, views the Asian-American experience somewhat

differently. As a new _____, he says, he felt a lot of pressure differently. As a new _____, he says, he felt a lot of pressure

to excel, but for different reasons _____ Stevenson mentions. to excel, but for different reasons _____ Stevenson mentions.

“Stevenson’s studies discuss the Confucian-style sense of “Stevenson’s studies discuss the Confucian-style sense of

_____ to one’s parents, whereas I was largely _____ by _____ to one’s parents, whereas I was largely _____ by

prejudice,” he says. “Anti-Asian feeling was quite _____ in prejudice,” he says. “Anti-Asian feeling was quite _____ in

America at that time. I couldn’t be just average; if I wasn’t America at that time. I couldn’t be just average; if I wasn’t

obviously better than other people, I was considered worse.”obviously better than other people, I was considered worse.”

immigrantimmigrantthanthan

obligationobligation motivatedmotivated

widespreadwidespread


Liu’s point is a compelling one; _____, it doesn’t explain everyLiu’s point is a compelling one; _____, it doesn’t explain every

thing. Liu is now learning that his children grew up with similthing. Liu is now learning that his children grew up with simil

ar feelings of pressure, _____ the wartime _____ against Asianar feelings of pressure, _____ the wartime _____ against Asian

s had become largely a thing of the past before they were born.s had become largely a thing of the past before they were born.

“My son is studying medicine, ___________ I knew he really “My son is studying medicine, ___________ I knew he really

wanted to be a banker,” Liu says. “ _______ I asked him why wanted to be a banker,” Liu says. “ _______ I asked him why

he chose medical school instead of banking. He told me, ‘All mhe chose medical school instead of banking. He told me, ‘All m

y life I heard you congratulating friends whose kids got into my life I heard you congratulating friends whose kids got into m

edical school. So I felt _____. I didn’t have any choice.’” Liu wedical school. So I felt _____. I didn’t have any choice.’” Liu w

as ________. “I never meant to make my children feel they haas ________. “I never meant to make my children feel they ha

d to _____ me for anything. But this sense that you ____ your d to _____ me for anything. But this sense that you ____ your

parents everything seems nearly irresistible.”parents everything seems nearly irresistible.”

howeverhoweveralthoughalthough

discriminationdiscrimination

but/althoughbut/although

One dayOne dayguiltyguilty

horrifiedhorrified

oweowe

repayrepay

DictationDictation

Dictation!Dictation!

You are going to hear 5 sentences. Each You are going to hear 5 sentences. Each

willwill

be read three times. Write down the sentences be read three times. Write down the sentences

according to the dictation.according to the dictation.

1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.

Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

Key to Dictation:Key to Dictation:

1.1. It is here that various researchers’ different studies It is here that various researchers’ different studies converge.converge.

2.2. The real question, then, is how Asian parents imbue The real question, then, is how Asian parents imbue their offspring with this kind of motivation.their offspring with this kind of motivation.

3.3. This belief in hard work is the first of three main This belief in hard work is the first of three main factors contributing to Asian students’ outstanding factors contributing to Asian students’ outstanding performance.performance.

4.4. One of Confucius’s primary teachings is that One of Confucius’s primary teachings is that through effort, people can perfect themselves.through effort, people can perfect themselves.

5.5. American parents need to become more committed American parents need to become more committed to their children’s education. to their children’s education.

DictationDictation

TranslationTranslation

1.1. 我们班女生占大多数。相比之下，他们的班级全由男生组成。我们班女生占大多数。相比之下，他们的班级全由男生组成。

constituteconstitute

Female students constitute the majority of our Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.only.

by contrastby contrast

be made up be made up of boysof boys

XII. Translate the following sentences into English.

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XII, p. 53Ex. XII, p. 53《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XII, p. 53Ex. XII, p. 53

2.2. 美国孩子通常每天看三小时电视，而中国孩子必须将放学后的大部分美国孩子通常每天看三小时电视，而中国孩子必须将放学后的大部分时间用于做家庭作业。时间用于做家庭作业。

whereaswhereas

American kids can usually watch TV three hours a American kids can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to do day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to do their homework most of the time after school.their homework most of the time after school.

their Chinese their Chinese counterpartscounterparts

most of the timemost of the time



3.3. 他开发的一系列新研究方法使他获得了巨大的成功。他说这一切都得他开发的一系列新研究方法使他获得了巨大的成功。他说这一切都得归功于他父母的鼓励。归功于他父母的鼓励。

a series ofa series of

His development of a series of new research methods His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said that he owed all this led to his huge success. He said that he owed all this to his parents’ encouragement.to his parents’ encouragement.

lead tolead to

owe … to …owe … to …



4.4. 讨论直接涉及到他的未来，而他却被排斥在外，对此他表示愤慨。讨论直接涉及到他的未来，而他却被排斥在外，对此他表示愤慨。

concernconcern

He resented being excluded from discussions that He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future.directly concerned his future.

be excluded frombe excluded fromresentresent



5.5. 这些问题连续不断地出现，这表明这台新仪器必须重新调试。这些问题连续不断地出现，这表明这台新仪器必须重新调试。

show upshow up

The fact that these problems are continually showing The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device must be readjusted.up suggests that this new device must be readjusted.

suggestsuggestreadjustreadjust



6.6. 张华是近年来涌入美国一流大学的亚裔学生之一，他说他的许多思张华是近年来涌入美国一流大学的亚裔学生之一，他说他的许多思想都基于传统的中国哲学。想都基于传统的中国哲学。

surge intosurge into

As one of the Asian students who have surged into thAs one of the Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang e best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on the traHua says that many of his ideas are based on the traditional Chinese philosophy.ditional Chinese philosophy.

be based onbe based on

Chinese Chinese philosophyphilosophy



7.7. 首先，杨先生如此努力工作并非只是为了钱。他一心为了教育青年首先，杨先生如此努力工作并非只是为了钱。他一心为了教育青年人并设法激励他们在各方面都取得进步。人并设法激励他们在各方面都取得进步。

be committed tobe committed to

To start with, it is not merely money that makes To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr.Yang work so hard. He is committed to Mr.Yang work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tries to motivate them to get educating the young and tries to motivate them to get ahead in life.ahead in life.

motivatemotivate get ahead in lifeget ahead in life



8.8. 我们剩下的时间不多了，于是我们把车开得更快，希望能及时赶到我们剩下的时间不多了，于是我们把车开得更快，希望能及时赶到机场。机场。

time was running outtime was running out

As time was running out, we drove even faster in As time was running out, we drove even faster in hopes that we could make it to the airport in time.hopes that we could make it to the airport in time.

in hopes thatin hopes that

make it tomake it to



• Reading SkillGuessing Unknown Words and ExpressionsGuessing Unknown Words and Expressions

• Intensive Study Difficult SentencesDifficult Sentences

Key words and phrasesKey words and phrases

Text-related InformationText-related Information

• Comprehension Check

Text BText B

Predicting Content from the Topic SentencesPredicting Content from the Topic Sentences

Reading SkillReading Skill

a very useful way to a very useful way to

improve your improve your

comprehension:comprehension:

Scanning a text Scanning a text

before you read itbefore you read it

Read the first sentence of each Read the first sentence of each

paragraph (sometimes just part paragraph (sometimes just part

of the first sentences):of the first sentences):

Predicting the content of the Predicting the content of the

texttext

Practice 1: Anticipate the general direction the author is going to

Practice 2: Get an idea of where in the text to look for answers to specific questions

XVI.XVI.

A.A. Before you read Text B, have a look at just the first Before you read Text B, have a look at just the first sentence of each paragraph. This is to help you to have a sentence of each paragraph. This is to help you to have a general idea of what the text is about.general idea of what the text is about.

B.B. Now, judging from these topic sentences — and without Now, judging from these topic sentences — and without looking at the reading text — what kind of content do you looking at the reading text — what kind of content do you expect to find in expect to find in each paragraph? Choose the answer that each paragraph? Choose the answer that seems most likely to you.seems most likely to you.



《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XVI, p. 57Ex. XVI, p. 57《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XVI, p. 57Ex. XVI, p. 57

1.1. para. 1.para. 1.

A teacher from Canada recently visited an elementary A teacher from Canada recently visited an elementary school in Japan.school in Japan.

A) A description of how the Canadian teacher spent A) A description of how the Canadian teacher spent the evening. the evening.

B) A description of what she saw in classB) A description of what she saw in class

C) Her opinion of the teacher conducting the class.C) Her opinion of the teacher conducting the class.

1.1. para. 1.para. 1.

A teacher from Canada recently visited an elementary A teacher from Canada recently visited an elementary school in Japan.school in Japan.

A) A description of how the Canadian teacher spent A) A description of how the Canadian teacher spent the evening. the evening.

B) A description of what she saw in classB) A description of what she saw in class

C) Her opinion of the teacher conducting the class.C) Her opinion of the teacher conducting the class.



2.2. para. 2.para. 2.

The Canadian teacher was startled by the lesson.The Canadian teacher was startled by the lesson.

A) An explanation of what surprised the Canadian A) An explanation of what surprised the Canadian teacher. teacher.

B) Criticism of Japanese teaching methods.B) Criticism of Japanese teaching methods.

C) A description of how the youngsters in the class C) A description of how the youngsters in the class reacted to the Canadian teacher. reacted to the Canadian teacher.

2.2. para. 2.para. 2.

The Canadian teacher was startled by the lesson.The Canadian teacher was startled by the lesson.

A) An explanation of what surprised the Canadian A) An explanation of what surprised the Canadian teacher. teacher.

B) Criticism of Japanese teaching methods.B) Criticism of Japanese teaching methods.

C) A description of how the youngsters in the class C) A description of how the youngsters in the class reacted to the Canadian teacher. reacted to the Canadian teacher.



3.3. para. 3.para. 3.

In any classroom in any country, the instructor teaches In any classroom in any country, the instructor teaches more than just art or history or language.more than just art or history or language.

A) A clarification of the other things every instructor A) A clarification of the other things every instructor teaches. teaches.

B) A list of typical school subjects.B) A list of typical school subjects.

C) A third teacher’s opinion of the visiting teacher.C) A third teacher’s opinion of the visiting teacher.

3.3. para. 3.para. 3.

In any classroom in any country, the instructor teaches In any classroom in any country, the instructor teaches more than just art or history or language.more than just art or history or language.

A) A clarification of the other things every instructor A) A clarification of the other things every instructor teaches. teaches.

B) A list of typical school subjects.B) A list of typical school subjects.

C) A third teacher’s opinion of the visiting teacher.C) A third teacher’s opinion of the visiting teacher.



4.4. para. 4.para. 4.

In many Western societies, such as the United States or In many Western societies, such as the United States or Canada, which are made up of different nationalities Canada, which are made up of different nationalities

… … individualism and independent thinking are highly individualism and independent thinking are highly valued.valued.

A) Some generalizations about Western educational A) Some generalizations about Western educational values. values.

B) Some generalizations about Japanese educational B) Some generalizations about Japanese educational values. values.

C) Some facts about recent education-system reformsC) Some facts about recent education-system reforms

4.4. para. 4.para. 4.

In many Western societies, such as the United States or In many Western societies, such as the United States or Canada, which are made up of different nationalities Canada, which are made up of different nationalities

… … individualism and independent thinking are highly individualism and independent thinking are highly valued.valued.



C) Some facts about recent education-system reformsC) Some facts about recent education-system reforms



5.5. para. 5.para. 5.

In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share the same language, history, and culture.the same language, history, and culture.



C) An outline of the main differences among Asian C) An outline of the main differences among Asian cultures. cultures.

5.5. para. 5.para. 5.

In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share the same language, history, and culture.the same language, history, and culture.



C) An outline of the main differences among Asian C) An outline of the main differences among Asian cultures. cultures.



6.6. para. 6.para. 6.

The advantage of the education system in Japan is that The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students learn the social skill of cooperation.students learn the social skill of cooperation.

A) Arguments in favor of changing the American A) Arguments in favor of changing the American school system. school system.

B) An outline of the advantages and disadvantages of B) An outline of the advantages and disadvantages of Western educational values. Western educational values.

C) An outline of the advantages and disadvantages of C) An outline of the advantages and disadvantages of Japanese educational values. Japanese educational values.

6.6. para. 6.para. 6.

The advantage of the education system in Japan is that The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students learn the social skill of cooperation.students learn the social skill of cooperation.






7.7. para. 7.para. 7.

The advantage of the education system in North The advantage of the education system in North AmAmerica, on the other hand, is that students learn to erica, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for tthink for themselves.hemselves.




7.7. para. 7.para. 7.

The advantage of the education system in North The advantage of the education system in North AmAmerica, on the other hand, is that students learn to erica, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for tthink for themselves.hemselves.






XVII.XVII.

On the basis of our predictions about the content of the text, On the basis of our predictions about the content of the text, which paragraphs do you think you’ll have to read to find the which paragraphs do you think you’ll have to read to find the answers to the following questions?answers to the following questions?

Hint:Hint: Sometimes you may need to check more than one parag Sometimes you may need to check more than one paragraph.raph.



《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XVII, p. 59Ex. XVII, p. 59《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XVII, p. 59Ex. XVII, p. 59

1.1. What took place in the class that the Canadian teacher What took place in the class that the Canadian teacher

visited?visited?Para. 1

2.2. Why was the Canadian teacher startled?Why was the Canadian teacher startled?Para. 2

3.3. What advantage does the author see in the North What advantage does the author see in the North

American system of education?American system of education?Para. 7

4.4. In the author’s view, are the long hours that Japanese In the author’s view, are the long hours that Japanese

children spent in school an advantage or disadvantage?children spent in school an advantage or disadvantage?Para. 6



5.5. Does the author discuss any Western educational Does the author discuss any Western educational

systems other than the American and Canadian ones?systems other than the American and Canadian ones?

Para. 3-7

6.6. Does the author propose any explanation of the causes Does the author propose any explanation of the causes

that led to the differences between Western and that led to the differences between Western and

Japanese educational values?Japanese educational values?

Para. 4-5



Text B: Intensive StudyText B: Intensive Study

Methods of Education: East and WestMethods of Education: East and West

11 A teacher from Canada recently visited an elementary school in A teacher from Canada recently visited an elementary school in

Japan. In one class, she watched sixty young children as they Japan. In one class, she watched sixty young children as they

learned to draw a cat. The class teacher drew a big circle on the learned to draw a cat. The class teacher drew a big circle on the

blackboard, and sixty children copied it on their papers. The teacher blackboard, and sixty children copied it on their papers. The teacher

drew a smaller circle on top of the first and then put two triangles on drew a smaller circle on top of the first and then put two triangles on

top of it; the children continued their cats in exactly the same way. top of it; the children continued their cats in exactly the same way.

The lesson continued until there were sixty-one identical cats in the classroom

.

22 The Canadian teacher was startled by the lesson. The teaching The Canadian teacher was startled by the lesson. The teaching

methods — and their effects — were very different from those in her methods — and their effects — were very different from those in her

own country. An art lesson in a Canadian school would lead to a own country. An art lesson in a Canadian school would lead to a

room full of unique pictures, not a series of identical cats. Why? room full of unique pictures, not a series of identical cats. Why?

What causes this difference in educational methods? What causes this difference in educational methods?

33 In any classroom in any country, In any classroom in any country,

the instructor teaches more than just art or history or language.

Part of what's going on — consciously or not — is the teaching of culture:

the attitudes, values and beliefs of the society.

Every education system is inevitably a mirror that reflects the culture of the society it is a part of

.


44 In many Western societies, such as the United States or In many Western societies, such as the United States or

Canada, which are made up of many different nationalities, religious Canada, which are made up of many different nationalities, religious

groups and cultural orientations, individualism and independent groups and cultural orientations, individualism and independent

thinking are highly valued. And these values are reflected by the thinking are highly valued. And these values are reflected by the

education systems in these countries. Teachers emphasize the education systems in these countries. Teachers emphasize the

qualities that make each student special. Students are seldom qualities that make each student special. Students are seldom

expected to memorize information; instead, they are encouraged to expected to memorize information; instead, they are encouraged to

think for themselves, find answers on their own and come up with think for themselves, find answers on their own and come up with

individual solutions. At an early age, students learn to form their own individual solutions. At an early age, students learn to form their own

ideas and opinions, and to express their ideas in class discussion. ideas and opinions, and to express their ideas in class discussion.


55 In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share the same In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share the same

language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the education language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the education

system there reflects a belief in group goals and traditions rather system there reflects a belief in group goals and traditions rather

than individualism. Japanese schoolchildren often work together and than individualism. Japanese schoolchildren often work together and

help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teacher is help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teacher is

the main source of knowledge: He or she lectures, and the students listen.

There is not much discussion; instead, the students recite rules or

information that they have memorized.


66 The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students

there learn the social skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that there learn the social skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that

they learn much more math and science than most American they learn much more math and science than most American

students. They also study more hours each day and more days each students. They also study more hours each day and more days each

year than their North American counterparts do. The system is year than their North American counterparts do. The system is

demanding, but it prepares children for a society that values demanding, but it prepares children for a society that values

discipline and self-control. There are, however, disadvantages. discipline and self-control. There are, however, disadvantages.

For one thing, many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information they memorized. For another, the extremely demanding system puts enormous psychological pressure on students, and is considered a primary factor in the high suicide rate among Japanese school-age children.


77 The advantage of the education system in North America, on the The advantage of the education system in North America, on the

other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. They learn other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. They learn

to take the initiative — to make decisions and take action without to take the initiative — to make decisions and take action without

someone telling them what to do. The system prepares them for a someone telling them what to do. The system prepares them for a

society that values creative ideas and individual responsibility. There society that values creative ideas and individual responsibility. There

are drawbacks, however. Among other things, American high school are drawbacks, however. Among other things, American high school

graduates haven't studied as many basic rules and facts as students graduates haven't studied as many basic rules and facts as students

in other countries have. in other countries have.

And many social critics attribute the high crime rate in the US at least partially to a lack of discipline in the schools.

(605 words)(605 words)


The lesson continued until there were sixty-one The lesson continued until there were sixty-one identical cats in the classroom.identical cats in the classroom.

ParaphraseParaphrase

??—— The lesson went on until the sixty children finished drThe lesson went on until the sixty children finished dr

awing sixty cats that were exactly the same as the one awing sixty cats that were exactly the same as the one drawn by the teacher.drawn by the teacher.

……, the instructor teaches more than just art or hi, the instructor teaches more than just art or history or language.story or language.


??—— the teacher teaches not only art or history or lthe teacher teaches not only art or history or l

anguage, but also other things.anguage, but also other things.

Part of what’s going on — consciously or not — Part of what’s going on — consciously or not — is the teaching of culture: …is the teaching of culture: …

TranslateTranslate

??课堂活动的一部分—有意识或无意识地—是在传授文化课堂活动的一部分—有意识或无意识地—是在传授文化

Every education system is inevitably a mirror that Every education system is inevitably a mirror that the culture of the society it is a part of.the culture of the society it is a part of.


??—— The education system of any society certainly reflThe education system of any society certainly refl

ects the culture of that society, and it is a componects the culture of that society, and it is a component part of that society.ent part of that society.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

Every education system is inevitably a mirror that Every education system is inevitably a mirror that the culture of the society it is a part of.the culture of the society it is a part of.

The expression “every education system is … a mirror” The expression “every education system is … a mirror”

is a is a metaphormetaphor, a kind of comparison between two similar , a kind of comparison between two similar

things without using ‘like’ or ‘as’.things without using ‘like’ or ‘as’.

e.g.e.g.

• Professor Lee is aProfessor Lee is a walking dictionarywalking dictionary..

• The school is a The school is a citadelcitadel of a football of a football kingdomkingdom..

(a) source of knowledge(a) source of knowledge

—— a person or thing that supplies knowledgea person or thing that supplies knowledge

For one thing …, for another …For one thing …, for another …

““For one thing” is used to introduce a reason and is For one thing” is used to introduce a reason and is

usually followed by “for another”, meaning “usually followed by “for another”, meaning “one reason one reason

is … and another is …is … and another is …””

e.g.e.g.

• The house was poorly built; The house was poorly built; for one thingfor one thing the roof the roof lealea

ked,ked, for another for another it doesn’t let in enough light.it doesn’t let in enough light.

And many social critics attribute the high crime And many social critics attribute the high crime rate in the US at least partially to a lack of rate in the US at least partially to a lack of discipline in the schools.discipline in the schools.


??—— And many social critics consider that the high criAnd many social critics consider that the high cri

me rate in the US is at least partly due to childreme rate in the US is at least partly due to children’s lack of discipline in the schools.n’s lack of discipline in the schools.

Comprehension CheckComprehension Check

1.1. What was it that startled the Canadian teacher in the What was it that startled the Canadian teacher in the class she visited?class she visited?

A) The large number of students.A) The large number of students.

B) The method of drawing cats.B) The method of drawing cats.

C) The method of teaching.C) The method of teaching.

1.1. What was it that startled the Canadian teacher in the What was it that startled the Canadian teacher in the class she visited?class she visited?

A) The large number of students.A) The large number of students.

B) The method of drawing cats.B) The method of drawing cats.

C) The method of teaching.C) The method of teaching.

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XVIII, p. 63Ex. XVIII, p. 63《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XVIII, p. 63Ex. XVIII, p. 63


2.2. What does the author mean by the statement “in any What does the author mean by the statement “in any classroom in any country, the instructor teaches morclassroom in any country, the instructor teaches mor

e e than just art or history or language”?than just art or history or language”?

A) Instructors everywhere teach many different A) Instructors everywhere teach many different subjects. subjects.

B) Teachers inevitably imbue students with the B) Teachers inevitably imbue students with the values of their culture. values of their culture.

C) Instructors are part of what’s going on, C) Instructors are part of what’s going on, consciously or not. consciously or not.

2.2. What does the author mean by the statement “in any What does the author mean by the statement “in any classroom in any country, the instructor teaches morclassroom in any country, the instructor teaches mor

e e than just art or history or language”?than just art or history or language”?

A) Instructors everywhere teach many different A) Instructors everywhere teach many different subjects. subjects.

B) Teachers inevitably imbue students with the B) Teachers inevitably imbue students with the values of their culture. values of their culture.

C) Instructors are part of what’s going on, C) Instructors are part of what’s going on, consciously or not. consciously or not.


3.3. According to the author, what factors contribute to the According to the author, what factors contribute to the high value placed on individualism in North America?high value placed on individualism in North America?

A) The variety of nationalities, religious groups and A) The variety of nationalities, religious groups and cultural orientations there. cultural orientations there.

B) The values reflected by the education system there.B) The values reflected by the education system there.

C) The students expressing their own ideas in class C) The students expressing their own ideas in class discussion. discussion.

3.3. According to the author, what factors contribute to the According to the author, what factors contribute to the high value placed on individualism in North America?high value placed on individualism in North America?

A) The variety of nationalities, religious groups and A) The variety of nationalities, religious groups and cultural orientations there. cultural orientations there.

B) The values reflected by the education system there.B) The values reflected by the education system there.

C) The students expressing their own ideas in class C) The students expressing their own ideas in class discussion. discussion.


4.4. In the author’s view, what are some of the advantages of In the author’s view, what are some of the advantages of the Japanese system of education?the Japanese system of education?

A) Japanese people share the same language, culture A) Japanese people share the same language, culture and history. and history.

B) The teacher lectures and the students listen; and B) The teacher lectures and the students listen; and there is not much discussion. there is not much discussion.

C) The students learn to cooperate, and they learn a lot C) The students learn to cooperate, and they learn a lot of math and science. of math and science.

4.4. In the author’s view, what are some of the advantages of In the author’s view, what are some of the advantages of the Japanese system of education?the Japanese system of education?

A) Japanese people share the same language, culture A) Japanese people share the same language, culture and history. and history.

B) The teacher lectures and the students listen; and B) The teacher lectures and the students listen; and there is not much discussion. there is not much discussion.

C) The students learn to cooperate, and they learn a lot C) The students learn to cooperate, and they learn a lot of math and science. of math and science.


5.5. What is the most serious problem with the Japanese What is the most serious problem with the Japanese system, according to the author?system, according to the author?

A) It prepares children for a society that values A) It prepares children for a society that values discipline and self-control. discipline and self-control.

B) The students forget things after exams.B) The students forget things after exams.

C) The demands of the system contribute to the high C) The demands of the system contribute to the high suicide rate among students. suicide rate among students.

5.5. What is the most serious problem with the Japanese What is the most serious problem with the Japanese system, according to the author?system, according to the author?

A) It prepares children for a society that values A) It prepares children for a society that values discipline and self-control. discipline and self-control.

B) The students forget things after exams.B) The students forget things after exams.

C) The demands of the system contribute to the high C) The demands of the system contribute to the high suicide rate among students. suicide rate among students.


6.6. How does the author view the fact that in the North How does the author view the fact that in the North American system students “learn to take the initiative”?American system students “learn to take the initiative”?

A) She considers it an advantage over the Japanese A) She considers it an advantage over the Japanese system. system.

B) She considers it a disadvantage.B) She considers it a disadvantage.

C) She considers it appropriate for North American C) She considers it appropriate for North American society. society.

6.6. How does the author view the fact that in the North How does the author view the fact that in the North American system students “learn to take the initiative”?American system students “learn to take the initiative”?

A) She considers it an advantage over the Japanese A) She considers it an advantage over the Japanese system. system.

B) She considers it a disadvantage.B) She considers it a disadvantage.

C) She considers it appropriate for North American C) She considers it appropriate for North American society. society.


7.7. What is the most serious problem with the North What is the most serious problem with the North AmeAmerican system, according to the author?rican system, according to the author?

A) American students haven’t studied as many basic A) American students haven’t studied as many basic rules and facts as other students. rules and facts as other students.

B) The lack of discipline may contribute to the high B) The lack of discipline may contribute to the high crime rate. crime rate.

C) Students learn to take action without someone telling C) Students learn to take action without someone telling them what to do. them what to do.

7.7. What is the most serious problem with the North What is the most serious problem with the North AmeAmerican system, according to the author?rican system, according to the author?

A) American students haven’t studied as many basic A) American students haven’t studied as many basic rules and facts as other students. rules and facts as other students.

B) The lack of discipline may contribute to the high B) The lack of discipline may contribute to the high crime rate. crime rate.

C) Students learn to take action without someone telling C) Students learn to take action without someone telling them what to do. them what to do.


8.8. According to the author, which system of education is According to the author, which system of education is better?better?

A) The Japanese System.A) The Japanese System.

B) The North American system.B) The North American system.

C) Neither system.C) Neither system.

8.8. According to the author, which system of education is According to the author, which system of education is better?better?

A) The Japanese System.A) The Japanese System.

B) The North American system.B) The North American system.

C) Neither system.C) Neither system.

Listening PracticeListening Practice

Listening and SpeakingListening and Speaking

ConversationsConversations

Part 5.3, pp. 29~31Part 5.3, pp. 29~31

Listening and SpeakingListening and Speaking

ConversationsConversations

Part 5.3, pp. 29~31Part 5.3, pp. 29~31

Short ConversationsShort Conversations

You will hear 10 short conversations. After each You will hear 10 short conversations. After each conversation you will hear a question. Listen carefully conversation you will hear a question. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given. and choose the best answer from the four choices given.

Listening Practice: ConversationsListening Practice: Conversations

1.1. A)A) Generally speaking, the woman liked Canford Generally speaking, the woman liked Canford

better.better.

B)B) Wessex and Canford are the names of two Wessex and Canford are the names of two

universities. universities.

C)C) The campus at Canford has nicer buildings. The campus at Canford has nicer buildings.

D)D) Both universities have its advantages. Both universities have its advantages.

2.2. A)A) Newspapers.Newspapers.

B)B) A strong press.A strong press.

C)C) An official scandal. An official scandal.

D)D) The honesty of government officials. The honesty of government officials.


3.3. A)A) A TV series.A TV series.

B)B) A novel.A novel.

C)C) A love affair. A love affair.

D)D) A film. A film.


4.4. A)A) In Britain all children from 5 to 15 have to attend In Britain all children from 5 to 15 have to attend

school.school.

B)B) The British government spends a lot providing The British government spends a lot providing

free education.free education.

C)C) The age at which children can legally leave school The age at which children can legally leave school

may be raised in Britain. may be raised in Britain.

D)D) Children in Britain must legally stay in school for Children in Britain must legally stay in school for

fifteen years. fifteen years.


5.5. A)A) An attractive salary.An attractive salary.

B)B) His proficiency in maths.His proficiency in maths.

C)C) His teacher’s opinion. His teacher’s opinion.

D)D) His feeling for design. His feeling for design.


6.6. A)A) The Times and the Guardian.The Times and the Guardian.

B)B) The Daily Mail and the Daily Express.The Daily Mail and the Daily Express.

C)C) The Evening Standard and the Guardian. The Evening Standard and the Guardian.

D)D) The Daily Mail and the Evening Standard. The Daily Mail and the Evening Standard.


7.7. A)A) They can work hard to earn enough money for it.They can work hard to earn enough money for it.

B)B) They can’t afford a holiday.They can’t afford a holiday.

C)C) They deserve a holiday. They deserve a holiday.

D)D) They should decide when to go to Sweden. They should decide when to go to Sweden.


8.8. A)A) The woman thinks the man should sell cars.The woman thinks the man should sell cars.

B)B) The woman doesn’t think the man walks enough.The woman doesn’t think the man walks enough.

C)C) The woman thinks the man walks too much. The woman thinks the man walks too much.

D)D) The woman doesn’t know how to drive. The woman doesn’t know how to drive.


9.9. A)A) She’s never sure how to answer questions.She’s never sure how to answer questions.

B)B) She’s too busy to answer his questions.She’s too busy to answer his questions.

C)C) If she’s not too busy, she may help him. If she’s not too busy, she may help him.

D)D) She’s always ready to help a neighbor. She’s always ready to help a neighbor.


10.10. A)A) The party is going to be put off.The party is going to be put off.

B)B) He is sorry that the woman can’t come to the He is sorry that the woman can’t come to the

party.party.

C)C) The man’s cousin is going to the party, too. The man’s cousin is going to the party, too.

D)D) The woman should bring her cousin to the party. The woman should bring her cousin to the party.


Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

Listening Practice: Script and CheckupListening Practice: Script and Checkup

1.1. A)A) Generally speaking, the woman liked Canford Generally speaking, the woman liked Canford better.better.

B)B) Wessex and Canford are the names of two Wessex and Canford are the names of two universities. universities.



1.1. A)A) Generally speaking, the woman liked Canford Generally speaking, the woman liked Canford better.better.

B)B) Wessex and Canford are the names of two Wessex and Canford are the names of two universities. universities.



1.1. M:M: Now you’ve studied at two universities, haven’t Now you’ve studied at two universities, haven’t you? How do you like them?you? How do you like them?

W:W: Well, the Canford campus is nicer than the Wessex Well, the Canford campus is nicer than the Wessex campus. Canford’s got some very fine buildings.campus. Canford’s got some very fine buildings.

M:M: I see. And what about the student accomodations?I see. And what about the student accomodations?

W:W: Oh, the accommodations at Wessex are much Oh, the accommodations at Wessex are much better than the ones at Canford. They’re cheaper better than the ones at Canford. They’re cheaper and better-and better-heated.heated.

Q:Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following statements is NOT true?





C)C) An official scandal. An official scandal.




C)C) An official scandal.An official scandal.


2.2. W:W: Did you read the paper today?Did you read the paper today?

M:M: Yes. The whole thing is really turning into a Yes. The whole thing is really turning into a scandal.scandal.

W:W: It makes you wonder, doesn’t it? I remember when It makes you wonder, doesn’t it? I remember when we used to take it for granted that officials were we used to take it for granted that officials were honest.honest.

M:M: At least we still have a strong press.At least we still have a strong press.

Q:Q: What are they mainly talking about?What are they mainly talking about?


3.3. M:M: Here we are. What do you think about “Love in Here we are. What do you think about “Love in the the Sahara”?Sahara”?

W:W: I don’t know. It’s supposed to be fairly good, isn’t I don’t know. It’s supposed to be fairly good, isn’t it?it?

M:M: Well, it’s got good reviews here. And it was Well, it’s got good reviews here. And it was directed by Filippini.directed by Filippini.

W:W: Well, it should be all right. Who’s in it?Well, it should be all right. Who’s in it?

Q:Q: What are they talking about?What are they talking about?



4.4. A)A) In Britain all children from 5 to 15 have to attend In Britain all children from 5 to 15 have to attend school.school.

B)B) The British government spends a lot providing The British government spends a lot providing free education.free education.

C)C) The age at which children can legally leave school The age at which children can legally leave school may be raised in Britain. may be raised in Britain.

D)D) Children in Britain must legally stay in school for Children in Britain must legally stay in school for fifteen years. fifteen years.

4.4. A)A) In Britain all children from 5 to 15 have to attend In Britain all children from 5 to 15 have to attend school.school.

B)B) The British government spends a lot providing The British government spends a lot providing free education.free education.

C)C) The age at which children can legally leave school The age at which children can legally leave school may be raised in Britain. may be raised in Britain.

D)D) Children in Britain must legally stay in school for Children in Britain must legally stay in school for fifteen years. fifteen years.

4.4. M:M: And you know of course that in Britain all children And you know of course that in Britain all children have to go to school from age five to age have to go to school from age five to age fifteen. fifteen.

It’s the law.It’s the law.

W:W: Yes. And I believe they’re raising that to age Yes. And I believe they’re raising that to age sixteensixteen very soon, aren’t they?very soon, aren’t they?

M:M: Well, we hope so. But it’s all a matter of finance. Well, we hope so. But it’s all a matter of finance. You see, education here is not only compulsory You see, education here is not only compulsory

butbut free for everyone. It costs the government millions free for everyone. It costs the government millions of pounds a year to educate the young. of pounds a year to educate the young.

Q:Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following statements is NOT true?


5.5. W:W: What did you say you were going to take up as a What did you say you were going to take up as a career?career?

M:M: Architecture.Architecture.

W:W: What made you decide on that?What made you decide on that?

M: Well, I was good at maths and art at school and I M: Well, I was good at maths and art at school and I think I had a certain feeling for design. My think I had a certain feeling for design. My teachers said I had an ability for architecture.teachers said I had an ability for architecture.

Q:Q: Which is not mentioned as factors that lead to the Which is not mentioned as factors that lead to the man’s decision?man’s decision?


6.6. W:W: Do you know, Peter, I’ve been in England for nearly Do you know, Peter, I’ve been in England for nearly six six months and I still don’t know which British months and I still don’t know which British paper to buy. Which one do you recommend?paper to buy. Which one do you recommend?

M:M: Depends on what you want. The Times and the Depends on what you want. The Times and the Guardian Guardian are more serious papers. If you want are more serious papers. If you want something with more something with more gossip and entertainment, get gossip and entertainment, get the the Daily Mail or the Daily Express.Daily Mail or the Daily Express.

W:W: Do you buy an evening paper as well?Do you buy an evening paper as well?

M: Sometimes. I skim through the headlines of the M: Sometimes. I skim through the headlines of the Evening Standard. It’s a good paper for ads if you’re Evening Standard. It’s a good paper for ads if you’re looking for a job.looking for a job.

Q:Q: Which papers would you read to find out about Which papers would you read to find out about movie stars’ private lives?movie stars’ private lives?


7.7. W:W: Bob, can we really afford a holiday? We’re still Bob, can we really afford a holiday? We’re still paying for this house and the furniture is on hire-paying for this house and the furniture is on hire-purchase and …purchase and …

M:M: Now listen, Peggy. You work hard and I work Now listen, Peggy. You work hard and I work hard. We’re not talking about whether we can hard. We’re not talking about whether we can have a holiday. We’re talking about where and have a holiday. We’re talking about where and when.when.

W:W: Well, if you’re sure … Shall we go to Sweden?Well, if you’re sure … Shall we go to Sweden?

M: Sweden’s cold. I’d rather not go to Sweden.M: Sweden’s cold. I’d rather not go to Sweden.

Q:Q: What’s Bob’s view of their holiday?What’s Bob’s view of their holiday?


8.8. W:W: You’ll have to cut down on your expenses! That You’ll have to cut down on your expenses! That car of yours, for a start. car of yours, for a start.

M:M: No, I need a car.No, I need a car.

W:W: You really ought to use your legs a bit more. You really ought to use your legs a bit more. That’s why you have them, you know.That’s why you have them, you know.

Q:Q: What conclusion can we draw?What conclusion can we draw?


9.9. W:W: Mrs. Henderson speaking.Mrs. Henderson speaking.

M:M: This is Brian Murphy, Mrs. Henderson. I’m your This is Brian Murphy, Mrs. Henderson. I’m your new neighbor.new neighbor.

W:W: Oh, good evening, Mr. Murphy. Welcome to Oak Oh, good evening, Mr. Murphy. Welcome to Oak Lane. Can we give you any help?Lane. Can we give you any help?

M: Well, I do have some questions, if you have time.M: Well, I do have some questions, if you have time.

W: I’m never too busy to help a neighbor, Mr. W: I’m never too busy to help a neighbor, Mr. Murphy.Murphy.

Q:Q: What does the woman’s response mean?What does the woman’s response mean?




B)B) He is sorry that the woman can’t come to the He is sorry that the woman can’t come to the party.party.




B)B) He is sorry that the woman can’t come to the He is sorry that the woman can’t come to the party.party.



10.10. M:M: Lisa, I was wondering if you could come to my Lisa, I was wondering if you could come to my birthday party this Saturday evening?birthday party this Saturday evening?

W:W: I’d love to, but my cousin is arriving from Chicago I’d love to, but my cousin is arriving from Chicago that day.that day.

M:M: That’s no problem. The more the merrier.That’s no problem. The more the merrier.

Q:Q: What does the man imply?What does the man imply?


AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Review Text A.Review Text A.

2.2. Analyze the structure of Analyze the structure of

Text AText A

21st Century College English: Book 2 Unit 2: Part B.

Documents

Transcript of 21st Century College English: Book 2 Unit 2: Part B.