2019 Vg;gpwy; - a+d; ky; - cbsl.gov.lk · itg;gfk;,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
Transcript of 2019 Vg;gpwy; - a+d; ky; - cbsl.gov.lk · itg;gfk;,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
1Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
njhlh;G+l;ly; jpizf;fsk;
mnkhpf;fhtpd; epjpapay; xOq;FKiwf; fl;likg;G
,yq;ifapy; nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j
gztPf;f ,yf;fplYf;fhd gztPf;f
,yf;fpliyj; njhpTnra;jy;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;fhd fl;Gydhfh epjpapliy xopj;jy;
,yq;ifapy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk;
njhopy;fS
f;fhd gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd kw;Wk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpapliy xopj;jy; fl;Lg;ghLfs;
2019 Vg;gpwy; - a+d; kyh; 4 ,jo; 4 - 6
&. 20Æ-
0206
1117
2 Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
I. mwpKfk;
mnkupf;fhtpd; rk~;b epjpapay; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jyhdJ
gue;jstpy; khWgl;l re;ijfs;> gq;Nfw;ghsu;fs;
kw;Wk; xOq;FgLj;Jk; epWtdq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw
cs;slf;fpajhFk;. xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jk; epWtdq;fspd;
,yf;Ffs;> mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; Kiwikfs; fhuzkhf
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fspilNa NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,f; fl;LiuahdJ mnkupf;f epjpapay; xOq;FKiwf;F
mbg;gilahfTs;s mbg;gilf; fl;likg;Gf;
nfhs;iffis tpgupf;fpd;wJ.
II. epjpapay; Kiwikfs;
KjyPl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Nrkpg;ghsu;fsplKs;s epjpapidf;
fld;gLgtu;fs; kw;Wk; vjpu;fhy nrYj;JiffSf;fhf
epjpapid Nrfupg;gtu;fspd; epjpj; NjitfSld;
ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; njhlu;GgLj;JtNj epjpapay;
KiwikahFk;. epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; jdpg;gl;l epjp
Nrkpg;ghsu;fisAk; fld;gLdu;fisAk; xd;wpizf;fpd;wd.
epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; ,ilj;jufu;fshf nraw;gl;L
Nrkpg;ghsu;fspd; epjpapidg; gad;gLj;jp nfhLfld;fis
Nkw;nfhs;tJld; KjyPl;bidAk; epWtdj;jpw;F
,yhgNkw;gLk; tifapy; Nkw;nfhs;tJld; mjpypUe;J
Nrkpg;ghsu;fSf;F gpujpAgfhuq;fisAk; toq;Ffpd;wd.
,t;thW epWtdq;fs; epjpapay; re;ijg; gq;Nfw;ghsu;fis
vspjhf njhlu;GgLj;Jtjw;fhf epjpapay; fUtpfs;>
epjpapay; re;ijfs; gytw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
vdNt ,tw;iw gy xOq;FgLj;Jk; mikg;Gf;fspdhy;
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
epjpapay; xOq;FgLj;Jk; mikg;Gf;fs; vt;thW
xOq;fikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gij tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;tjw;F epjpapay; eltbf;iffs; gpd;tUk;
jdpj;Jtkhd epjpapay; re;ijfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
1. tq;fpapay;: itg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L
nfhLfld;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; epWtdq;fis
cs;slf;fpa epjpapay; re;ij.
mnkhpf;fhtpd; epjpapay; xOq;FKiwf; fl;likg;G
rz;Kfehjd; gpughfh;rpNu~;l fzf;fhsh;>
epjpj; jpizf;fsk;
2. fhg;GWjp: jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l epfo;tpdhy; Jhz;lg;gl;l
fhg;GWjpjhuu;fSf;F nfhLg;gdTfis
Nkw;nfhs;tJld; fl;Lg;gzq;fisr; Nrfupf;Fk;
epWtdq;fisAila epjpapay; re;ij.
3. gpizaq;fs;: toq;Fgtu;fsplkpUe;J
itj;jpUg;gtu;fSf;F gzk; nrYj;Jtjw;F
cWjpnkhopaspj;jy; kw;Wk; mt;thW fld;fs;>
cupik %yjd tbtq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;
xg;ge;jq;fis tpw;gid nra;jypid Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
epWtdq;fisAila epjpapay; re;ij.
4. epjpapay; re;ij cl;fl;likg;G: nfhLg;gdT
kw;Wk; jPu;g;gdT Kiwik guptu;j;jidapd; fPo;
epjpapid epjpapay; Kiwikf;Fs; nrYj;Jk;
epWtdq;fs;.
III. epjpapay; xOq;FgLj;Jgth;fspd; tfpghfk;
epjpapay; re;ijfspd; Njhy;tp my;yJ KwpT
Nghd;w re;ju;g;gq;fspy; GjpJ Gjpjhf xOq;FgLj;Jk;
epWtdq;fis cUthf;fp nfhs;tjDhlhf epjpapy;
xOq;FgLj;jy;fs; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; cUthfpAs;sJ.
NkYk; ,e;j rha;Tg;gupzhk tsu;r;rpahdJ mjpfhuq;fs;>
,yf;Ffs;> fUtpfs; kw;Wk; mZFKiwfs; vd;gd
re;ijf;F re;ij khWgl;Lf; fhzg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk;
epjpay; re;ijfs; kw;Wk; xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fspilNa rpy
nghJthd fUg;nghUl;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. epjpapay;
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; gw;wpa gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis
RUf;fkhf fhl;lyhk;.
v xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fspw;fhd mjpfhuq;fs;:
1. cupkkspj;jy;> gl;lakspj;jy; my;yJ gjpTnra;jy;
,J xOq;FgLj;jy; Kiwikia Gupe;J
nfhs;tjw;fhd xU njhlf;fg;Gs;spahFk;. xU
epWtdk;> jdpegu; my;yJ epjpapay; re;ijahdJ
khfhz my;yJ rk~;b xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fsplkpUe;J
rupahd rhd;Wfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shky; epjpapay;
3Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
rz;Kfehjd; gpughfh;rpNu~;l fzf;fhsh;>
epjpj; jpizf;fsk;
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ. me;je;j
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; gl;lak;>
cupkk; my;yJ gjptpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
mtw;wpd; tpjpKiwfisAk; epge;jidfisAk;
fl;lhak; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.
newpKiwfspd; epakq;fis cUthf;fg;gLk;NghJ
rl;lj;Njitg;ghLfs;> gapw;rpj; Njitg;ghLfs;
kw;Wk; xOq;FgLj;jy; fz;fhzpg;G Mfpatw;iw
cs;slf;fpajhf cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. tpjpfis cUthf;Fjy;
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; tpjpfis cUthf;FtjDhlhf
rl;lG+u;t Mizfis mKyhf;f nraw;ghLfspy;
<LgLfpd;wdu;. xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; nghJthd
uPjpapy; nfhs;iffs;> ,yf;Ffs; kw;Wk;
tpjpKiwfisg; G+u;j;jpnra;tjw;F rl;lG+u;t
Mizfs; toptFf;fpd;wd. epjpapay; re;ijg;
gq;Nfw;ghsu;fs; vt;thW MizfSld; ,zq;fpg;
Nghfyhk; my;yJ ,zq;fhky; Nghfyhk; vd;gjw;F
tpjpfs; topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Ffpd;wd.
3. Nkw;ghu;it kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G
Nkw;ghu;itfs; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fs; %ykhf
jq;fsJ tpjpfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gjid
cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. NkYk; ,J
epjpapay; re;ij gq;Nfw;ghsu;fspd; elj;ijfisf;
fz;fhzpf;fTk; kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w elj;ijfis
khw;wNth my;yJ epWj;jNth xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fis
mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. njhlu;r;rpahd fz;fhzpg;Gf;fs;
my;yJ Kd;ehs; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; Gfhu;fis
tprhuiz nra;tjd; %ykhf nraw;jpwdhd
Nkw;ghu;itapy; <Lglyhk;. Kf;fpak; tha;e;j
Gs;spfs; kw;Wk; Kd;Dupik Nkw;ghu;it vd;gtw;iw
Nkw;ghu;itf; fbjq;fs; kw;Wk; topfhl;Ljy;fs;
%ykhf xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; tpsf;fyhk;.
4. mKyhf;fy;Æ eilKiwg;gLj;jy;
mjpfhuq;fis eilKiwgLj;Jtjd; %ykhf
epWtdq;fs; jq;fs; elj;ijapidj; jpUj;Jtjw;F
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fspdhy; epu;ge;jpf;f KbAk;.
mguhjq;fis tpjpj;jy;> jz;lidfis toq;Fjy;>
Fbapay; kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; tof;FfspDhlhd
ePjpkd;w eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk;
epu;thf eltbf;iffs; %ykhf cupkq;fis
,uj;Jr; nra;jy; vd;gdtw;wpid mjpfhuq;fis
eilKiwg;gLj;JtjDhlhf nraw;gLj;j
KbAk;. kWtskhf fl;Lg;ghl;L tpjpKiwfs;>
xOq;FKiwfSf;F epWtdq;fs; ,zq;fhj epiyapy;
KjyPl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Efu;Nthu; ePjpkd;W %ykhf
eltbf;iffis vLg;gjw;F xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs;
mDkjpaspf;fpd;wdu;.
5. jPu;khdq;fs;:-
rpy xOq;FgLj;Jk; epWtdq;fs; jq;fs;
fz;fhzpg;gpypUf;Fk; xU epWtdk; Njhy;tpAWk;
NghJ me;j epWtdj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghLfis jdJ
mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; vLj;J me;j epWtdq;fspd; fiyg;G
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd. epjpr; re;ijfspy;
Njhy;tpAWk; Vida epWtdq;fs; ePjpj;Jiw
nray;Kiwfspd; %ykhf fiyg;G eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
v xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; ,yf;Ffs;:
epjpapay; xOq;FKiwg; gLj;Jgtu;fspd; mbg;gil
nfhs;if tpisTfis miltNj Kjd;ikahd
,yf;FfshFk;. me;j ,yf;Ffis gpd;tUkhW
tpsf;fyhk;.
1. epjpapay; re;ijj; jpwd; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizg;G
epjpapay; re;ijfs; jpwikahf nraw;gLtijAk;
epjpapay; re;ijg; gq;Nfw;ghsu;fspilNa
ek;gpf;ifahd cWjpg;ghl;bid Vw;gLj;JtJ
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fshFk;. jpwikahd epjpapay;
re;ijapd; gz;Gfshf jputj;jd;ik> Fiwe;j nryT>
gy Efu;Nthu;; kw;Wk; Nrit toq;FNthu;> jfty;fspd;
fpilg;gdTj; jd;ik vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; epjpapay; re;ij
xUq;fpizg;gpw;F gq;fspg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffspd;
ntspg;gilj; jd;ikapid cWjpg;gLj; Ntz;Lk;.
epjpapay; re;ij xUq;fpizg;ghdJ nghJthf
epjpapay; re;ijfs; jpwikahf nraw;gLtjw;F
toptFf;Fk;.
2. Efu;Nthu; kw;Wk; KjyPl;lhsu;fspd; ghJfhg;G
Efu;Nthu; kw;Wk; KjyPl;lhsu;fs; Nkhrb>
ghFghLfhl;Ljy;> R+o;r;rp kw;Wk; fsT Mfpatw;why;
ghjpf;fglhjpUg;gij xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs;
cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. tpgukw;w mg;ghtpj;jdkhd
Efu;Nthu;; my;yJ KjyPl;lhsu;fspd; eyd;fs;
Rwz;lg;gLtjpypUe;J ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fspd; flikahFk;. rpy
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; Efu;Nthu; my;yJ KjyPl;lhsu;fs;
xU xg;ge;jnkhd;wpy; <LgLifapy; ,jpy; fhzg;gLk;
cs;shu;e;j ,lu;Neu;Tfisg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd
ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfis xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs;
cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
3. %yjd cUthf;fKk; fld; ngWtjw;fhd
mZFKiwAk;
Efu;Nthu;; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; jq;fsJ fld;
kw;Wk; %yjdj; Njitfisg; G+u;j;jpnra;af;$ba
tifapy; fld; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;
MNuhf;fpakhd tpjj;jpy; tsUtjid
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; cWjpg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
4 Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
NkYk; xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; ,dk;> ghypdk; kw;Wk;
,Ug;gplk; Nghd;w jdpg;gl;l Fzhjpaq;fisg;
nghUl;gLjjhky; jFjptha;e;j fld; ngWgtu;fSf;F
%yjdk; kw;Wk; fld; toq;Ftjid cWjpg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
4. rl;ltpNuhj eltbf;iffisj; jLj;jy;
epjpapay; Kiwikfs; Fw;wtpay; kw;Wk; gaq;futhj
eltbf;iffSf;F rhu;ghfg; gad;gLj;jg;glhjij
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
cjhuzkhf ehzar; ryit> tup Va;g;G>
gaq;futhj epjpAjtp kw;Wk; epjpaj; jilfis
kPWjy; Mfpatw;iw jLf;ff; $ba tifapyhd
nfhs;iffisf; Fwpf;Fk;.
5. tup nrYj;JNthUf;fhd ghJfhg;G
epjpay; re;ijfspd; Njhy;tpfspd; NghJ tup
nrYj;Jgtu;fspd; epjpapidf; nfhz;L rk~;b
murhq;fj;jpdhy; epjp nrYj;jg;glhjij
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; cWjpg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
rk~;b murhq;f MjuTld; rk~;b itg;Gf;
fhg;GWjp epWtdj;jpdhy; nfhz;L elhj;jg;gLfpd;w
itg;Gf; fhg;GWjp epjpaj;jpypUe;J kl;LNk
,og;Gf;fs; toq;fg;gLtjid xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs;
cWjpg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
6. epjpapay; cWjpg;ghL
epjpapay; xOq;FKiwg; gLj;jy;fs; mikg;G
uPjpahd ,lu;Neu;tpidf; Fiwg;gjDhlhf epjpapay;
cWjpg;ghlhdJ Ngzg;gLfpd;wJ. epjpapay; re;ij
ciwepiy> gq;Nfw;ghsu;fspd; mr;rk;> fld; ngw
Kbah epiy kw;Wk; gy epWtdq;fs; Njhy;tpailjy;
Nghd;w Neuq;fspy; epjpapay; re;ijahdJ
Kiwahf nraw;glhjpUf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf
epjpapay; cWjpg;ghlw;w jd;ik Vw;glyhk;. ,e;j
cWjpg;ghlw;w jd;ikahdJ epjpapay; re;ij
eltbf;iffs; my;yJ nfhs;if ,ilaPLfspd;
%ykhf fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l xOq;FgLj;jYf;fhd ,yf;Ffs; rpy
Neuq;fspy; xd;Wld; xd;W xj;Jg;Nghfpd;w NghJk;
NtW rpy Neuq;fspy; xd;Wld; xd;W Kuz;gLfpd;wJ.
xOq;FgLj;jyhdJ ,e;j ,uz;L epiyfspYk; ,ilg;gl;l
xU epiyapy; xOq;FgLj;jy; Rik FiwthfTk;
xOq;FgLj;jy; ed;ikfs; mjpfkhfTKs;s Gs;spapy;
,yf;Ffs; njupT nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
v xOq;FgLj;jypd; tiffs;:
epjpapay; re;ijapd; gq;Nfw;ghsu;fspd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g
gy;NtWtif xOq;FgLj;jy;fs; xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fspdhy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mit gpd;tUkhW:
1. Kd;kjpAila xOq;FgLj;jy;
epWtdj;jpd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; cWjpj;jd;ikia
cWjpg;gLj;JtNj Kd;kjpAila xOq;FgLj;jypd;
Nehf;fkhFk;. ,J gpujhdkhf ,lu;Neu;T
Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ,lu;Neu;tpid Fiwj;jy;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. NkYk;
Kd;kjpAila xOq;FgLj;jyhdJ Efu;Nthu;;
ghJfhg;G> tup nrYj;Jgtupd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;
epjpapay; cWjpj;jd;ik Mfpatw;iw miltjw;F
cjtp Gupfpd;wJ.
2. mwpf;ifaply; kw;Wk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fs;
mwpf;ifaply; kw;Wk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fs; vd;gjdhy;
fUjg;gLtJ ahnjdpy; vy;yhj; njhlu;Gila
epjpapay; jfty;fSk; kpfr; rupahdit vd;gJld;
mit xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fSf;Fk;
fpilf;f$bajhfTk; ,Ug;gtw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;.
,jdhy; ed;F mwpag;gl;l epjp KbTfis vLg;gJld;
nraw;ghLfisj; jpwk;gl fz;fhzpf;fTk; Kbak;.
NkYk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fs; %ykhf Efu;Nthu;; kw;Wk;
KjyPl;lhsu;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd ,yf;Ffis
mila KbAk; vd;gJld; epjpapay; re;ijapid
xUq;fpizg;Gld; jpwikahdjhfTk; nfhz;L
elj;jf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
3. epakq;fis cUthf;Fjy;
njhopy;rhu; epGzj;Jt elj;ij> epjpapay; re;ij
kw;Wk; epjpapay; fUtpfSf;fhd epakq;fis
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; cUthf;Ffpd;wdu;.
NkYk; epjpapay; re;ijg; gq;Nfw;ghsu;fspw;fhd
mDkjpf;f$ba elj;ijfs; kw;Wk; eltbf;iffis
gw;wpa epakq;fisAk; xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhLf;fpd;wdu;. ,e;j epakq;fis rpy nfhs;if
,yf;Ffis miltjw;F xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs;
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
4. Nghl;bj;jd;ik
epjpapay; re;ijfspy; epWtdq;fs; jdpAupik
re;ij mjpfhuq;fspd; fPo; nraw;glhJ ,Ug;gij
xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; KjyPl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Efu;Nthu;
ghJfhg;Gld; epjpapay; re;ijj; jpwd; kw;Wk;
xUq;fpizg;G Mfpa ,yf;Ffis Nkk;gLj;jf;
$ba tifapy; Nghl;bj;jd;ikAilajhd epjpapay;
re;ijapid xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs; Cf;Ftpf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
5. tpiy kw;Wk; tpfpj xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;
epjpapay; re;ijf;fhd tl;b tPjq;fs;> fl;Lg;gzk;>
Nritf; fl;lzq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; Mff; $ba kw;Wk;
Mff; Fiwe;j kl;lq;fs; xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fshy;
epu;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tpiy kw;Wk; tpfpj
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;fs; rk~;b xOq;FgLj;jy;
kl;lq;fspy; mupjhff; fhzg;gl;lhYk; khfhz
xOq;FgLj;jy; kl;lq;fspy; ,J kpfTk; nghJthdjhf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
5Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
IV. xOq;FgLj;jypy; <LgLk; epWtdq;fs;
v itg;Gf;fis Vw;Fk; epWtdq;fis xOq;FgLj;Jgtu;fs;:
1. rk~;b xJf;F tq;fp
,J mnkupf;fhtpd; kj;jpa tq;fpahFk;.
,JNt mnkupf;fhtpd; ehza Kiwikia
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crhj;Jizfs;:
1. Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of the U.S. Financial Regulatory Framework, Marc Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy, August 17, 2017.
2. Overview of the U.S. Financial Regulatory Landscape, Course Material of Central Banking Seminar, October 3, 2018.
3. Overview of the Federal Reserve Bank, Course Material of Central Banking Seminar, October 3, 2018.
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nghWj;jtiuapy; khwf;$ba my;yJ jw;fhypf tpiyj;
jsk;gy;fis ePf;FfpwJ. kp];fpdpd; (2007) gb ikag;
gztPf;fk; Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fj;jpYk; ghHf;f gztPf;fj;jpy;
tplhg;gpbahd mirTfs; gw;wp tYthd rkpf;iQfis
toq;Ffpd;wJ. vdpDk;> nghJkf;fs; jkJ jPHkhdq;fis
Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fj;jpd; mirTfspd; mbg;gilapy;
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jd;ikia nfhz;bUg;gjdhy; ,J rpwe;j
njhlHG+l;ly; topKiwahf ,Uf;fhJ. NkYk;> $ypfs;> r%f
nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk; KjyPl;bypUe;jhd tUkhdk; Nghd;w
tpiyj; jsk;gy;fSld; gy;NtWgl;l mwpTf;$h;ikAs;s
,izg;Gf;fis Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; nfhz;bUg;gjdhy;>
Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; ikag; gztPf;fk;
gztPf;f vjpHghHg;Gf;fSld; gyaPdkhd njhlHGfisNa
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjid Ma;Tfs; fz;lwpe;jpUf;fpwJ
(kf;$yp> 2007). ,jd;gb> Mde;Jk; kw;iwNahUk; (2015) ikag;
gztPf;f ,yf;fplYld; xg;gpLifapy; Kjd;ikg; gztPf;f
,yf;fply; eyd;Ghpfspd; ngWNgWfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjhff;
fhl;Lfpd;wdH.
,yq;ifapy;> czTf;$W> Kjd;ik EfHNthH
tpiyr;Rl;nlz;zpd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpfpjj;jpw;F tif$WfpwJ.
vdNt> czT tpiyfspy; Vw;gLk; mirTfs;> ,yf;fplg;gl;l
kl;lq;fspypUe;J cz;ikahd gztPf;fk; NtWgl
toptFf;fyhk; vd;gJld; gztPf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa J}z;Leuhfj;
njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ (tiuglk; rp.F. 2). czTj;
jsk;gy;> tY kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; $Wfis ePf;fptpLtJ
Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fj;jpYk; ghHf;f ikag; gztPf;fk; tYthd
Cf typikiaf; nfhz;lbUg;gjid ,ayr;nra;Ak;. gztPf;f
vjpHghHg;Gf;fspd; mstPl;bd;gb gztPf;f vjpHghHg;Gf;fspy;
Vw;gLk; mirTfSk; gztPf;fj;jpd; ika msTKiwfspYk;
ghHf;f Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; $bastpw;F tYthd
njhlHG+l;ly; fUtpahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. vdNt> kw;iwa gy
nghUshjhuq;fisg; Nghd;W Kjd;ikg; gztPf;f msTKiw
,yq;ifapy; nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd;
fPo;> gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd kpfg; nghUj;jkhd ,yf;fhfj;
Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.
gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd; tif
gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd cfe;j ,yf;F kl;lj;jpidj; jPHkhdpg;gJk;
Kf;fpakhdNjahFk;. gztPf;f ,yf;fply; nghUshjhuq;fs;
,yf;fplypd; %d;W tiffisf; Fwpj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. ikak;>
ikaj;Jld; $ba jhq;Fjy; gphpT my;yJ ,yf;fply;
tPr;R. gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd ika ,yf;fpidf; nfhz;l
ehLfs; ,yf;fpliy xw;iw ,yf;fj;jpy; (c-k;: 2 rjtPjk;)
Fwpj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. vdpDk;> gztPf;fj;jpy; epuk;gy;gf;f fhuzpfs;
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; ,yq;if Nghd;w nghUshjhunkhd;wpw;fhd
ikaj;jpid ,yf;fpLtJ fbdkhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kpfr;
rhpahd ika ,yf;fplid miltJ ,lHg;ghlhdJ vd;gjhy;
gy nghUshjhuq;fs; ikaj;Jld; jhq;ff;$ba gphptpid Jiz
epug;gpahf nfhz;Ls;sd. MfNt> kj;jpa tq;fp jhq;ff;$ba
Kjd;ik> czT kw;Wk; czty;yhg; gztPf;fk; (M.M)
tiuglk; rp.F. 2
nfh.E.tp.Rl;nlz; (mbg;gil: 2013®100)
Kjd;ik> czT kw;Wk; czty;yhg; gztPf;fk; (M.M)
Nj.E.tp.Rl;nlz; (mbg;gil: 2013®100)
4.0
-1.4
6.4
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
jpnr-15
ngg;-16
Vg;-16
a+d;-16
Xfj;-16
xf;j;-16
jpnr-15
ngg;-17
Vg;-17
a+d;-17
Xfj;-17
xf;j;-17
jpnr-17
ngg;-18
Vg;-18
a+d;-18
Xfj;-18
xf;j;-18
jpnr-18
ngg;-19
Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; czTg; gztPf;fk; czty;yhg; gztPf;fk; Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; czTg; gztPf;fk; czty;yhg; gztPf;fk;
2.4
-2.9
6.7
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16rjtPjk;
rjtPjk;
jpnr-15
ngg;-16
Vg;-16
a+d;-16
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xf;j;-16
jpnr-15
ngg;-17
Vg;-17
a+d;-17
Xfj;-17
xf;j;-17
jpnr-17
ngg;-18
Vg;-18
a+d;-18
Xfj;-18
xf;j;-18
jpnr-18
ngg;-19
9Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
gphpnthd;Wld; ika ,yf;nfhd;wpid mwptpf;Fkhapd;
nghJf;fs; ika ,yf;fplypypUe;J rhj;jpakhd jw;fhypfkhd
gpwo;TfSf;fhd rhj;jpaj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;sf;$bajhapUf;Fk;.
kWGwj;jpy;> ika ,yf;F njhlHgpy; vJ gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gplhJ
fPo;kl;l kw;Wk; Nky; vy;iyAld; $ba tPr;R ,yf;F
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;Ntw;ghl;by;> gztPf;fj;jpid kPz;Lk;
eLkl;lj;jpw;F nfhz;L tUtJ njhlHgpy; Njitg;ghLfs;
vJTkpy;iy fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,yf;fpd; ,t;tifahd ,yf;fpd;
gpujp$yq;fspnyhd;W gztPf;f vjpHghHg;Gf;fis cWjpahf
epWj;Jfpd;wik ,lHg;ghlhdjhf ,Uf;ff;$Lk; vd;gNjahFk;.
ika ,yf;nfhd;W mq;F ,y;yhikNa ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.
MfNt> ngUk;ghyhd gztPf;f ,yf;fply; nghUshjhuq;fs;
jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$ba gphpTld; $ba ika ,yf;fpidNa
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd (ml;ltiz 1).
2008 ,w;F Kd;dH ,yq;ifapd; gztPf;fk; mjpfstpw;Fj;
jsk;gyile;j NghJk;> mjd; gpd;dH jsk;gypy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
Fiwg;G mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
nfhOk;G EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fj;jpd; xw;iw ,yf;fj;jpy;
cWjpg;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Ue;jikAk; kpf mz;ikapy;
cs;slf;f ,yf;fply; tPr;rpid 4.0 - 6.0 rjtPj tPr;rpw;Fs;
(tiuglk; 3) Ngz Kbe;jikAk; kpff; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
tplaq;fshFk;.
jw;Nghija ehzaf; nfhs;iff; fl;likg;gpd; fPo;>
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp nfhOk;G EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;
kw;Wk; Njrpa EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz; ,uz;bidAk;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gztPf;fj;jpid 2015 ,ypUe;J
ruhrhpahf Vwj;jho 4.5 rjtPjj;jpy; Ngzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.
jsk;gy; epajpfspy;> Njrpa EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpd;
epak tpyfiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gztPf;fk; nfhOk;G
EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd 1.9 rjtPjk; nfhz;l epak tpyfYld;
xg;gpLifapy; 2.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; caHtile;jJ. MfNt>
Vwj;jho 5 rjtPjk; eLGs;spia nfhz;l Xustpw;F mfd;w
gpyit ,yf;fpLtJ nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j gztPf;f
,yf;fpliy eilKiwg;gLj;Jfpd;w Muk;gf; fl;lq;fspy;
,yq;iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fnkd;gJld; njhlHghd
fhyg;gFjpapy; nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd;
ek;gfj;jd;ik Nkk;gLk; nghOJ gphpT FWf;fkilaf;$Lk;.
,yf;fpliy vt;thW eph;zapf;f Ntz;Lk;?
nghUj;jkhd gztPf;f msit Kiwapaiy epHzapf;Fk;
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,yf;fply; vt;thW Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid mjhtJ>
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Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; nghWg;ghd epWtdk; vJ vd;gjidj;
jPHkhdpf;fpd;wikahFk;.
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kl;lj;jpy; gztPf;fj;jpidg; NgZtJ> cyfshtpa kw;Wk;
cs;ehl;L mgptpUj;jpfspypUe;J Njhd;Wfpd;w ntspthhp
mjpHTfspd; fhuzkhf me;Neuj;jpy; rthYf;Fhpajhf
khwptpLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ehza ghpkhw;wr; nrad;Kiwapd; ePz;l
kw;Wk; khwpfspd; jhkjj;jpdhy; gztPf;fk; ehzaf; nfhs;if
eltbf;iffSf;F gjpypWg;gjw;F fzprkhd fhyk; vLf;Fk;.
ePz;l kw;Wk; FWfpa nfhs;iff; fhyq;fs; ,uz;bw;Fk; rhjfkhd
thjq;fs; fhzg;gl;l Ntisapy;> gpwo;tpidj; njhlHe;J
,yf;fplg;gl;l kl;lj;jpw;Fj; jpUg;Gtjw;F gztPf;fj;jpw;fhf
vLf;Fk; Neuj;jpid tiutpyf;fzk; nra;fpd;w nghUj;jkhd
,yf;fply; fhyj;jpid Vw;gLj;JtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
,J ntw;wpfukhd gztPf;f vjpHghHg;Gf;fspd; epWj;jYf;Fk;
nfhs;ifapd; ek;gfj;jd;ikf;Fk; cjTfpwJ (gpshd;iuaH
2002). gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd; Kd;Ndhbahsuhd epA+rpyhe;J
wpNrHt; tq;fp mjd; Muk;g ,yf;fply; fhyj;jpid 12
khjq;fSf;F epHzapj;jJld; gztPf;fj;jpid tpUk;gj;jf;f
kl;lnkhd;wpw;F ntw;wpfukhf Fiwj;jjidj; njhlHe;J gpd;dH
Ie;jhz;L fhyj;jpw;F jpUj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. tuyhw;wpNyNa kpf
caHe;j gztPf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;bUe;j nrf; Njrpa tq;fp
Muk;gj;jpy; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; caHe;j gztPf;f ,yf;fpidf;
nfhz;bUe;jJld; mJ gpd;dH njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpapy;
gbg;gbahff; Fiwj;J gztPf;fnkd;gJ fbthskplg;gl;lJld;
tpUk;gj;jf;f ghijnahd;wpw;F topfhl;lg;gl;lJ. gztPf;fk;
tpUk;gj;jf;f Fiwe;j kl;lq;fSf;F Fiwtiltjd; fhuzkhf
gztPf;f ,yf;fply; fhyk; mz;ikf; fhyj;jpypUe;J eLj;ju
fhyj;jpw;F khw;wkile;jJ. 2014,y; nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j
gztPf;f ,yf;fpliyg; gpd;gw;wpa ,e;jpa wpNrHt; tq;fp
gztPf;f ,yf;fpliy va;Jtjw;F ,uz;lhz;L fhyj;jpidf;
Fwpj;Jiuj;jpUe;jJ (,e;jpa wpNrHt; tq;fp> 2014). gztPf;fk;
tpUk;gj;jf;f kl;lnkhd;wpw;Fj; jpUk;gpaJld; gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd
eLj;ju ,yf;F mjd; gpd;dH epHzapf;fg;gl;lJ. FWq;fhy
tl;b tPjq;fs; cz;ik ntspaPL kw;Wk; gztPf;fk;
vd;gdtw;wpw;fpilapyhd Gs;sptpguj; njhlHGfisAk;
mNjNghd;W epuk;gy; rhh; mjpHTfSf;F ,yq;ifg;
nghUshjhuj;jpd; va;Jepiy ghprPyidapy; nfhs;ifapy; 2-3
tiuglk; rp.F. 3nfh.E.tp. Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
Mz;bw;F Mz;L gztPf;fj;jpy; Vw;gl;l mirTfs; (1979-2019)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
ngg;-79
a+d;-80
xf;j;-81
ngg;-83
a+d;-84
xf;j;-85
ngg;-87
a+d;-88
xf;j;-89
ngg;-91
a+d;-92
xf;j;-93
ngg;-95
a+d;-96
xf;j;-97
ngg;-99
a+d;-00
xf;j;-01
ngg;-03
a+d;-04
xf;j;-05
ngg;-07
a+d;-08
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ngg;-19
rjtPjk;
Mz;bw;F Mz;Lg; gztPf;fk; fPo; vy;iy Nky; vy;iy
10 Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
Mz;L eLj;ju fhy ,yf;F ,yq;iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJ
Nghy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
ePz;l fhy tpiy cWjpg;ghl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs; toikahf kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; rl;lthf;fj;jpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;w Ntisapy;>
eLj;ju fhy gztPf;f ,yf;fpliy ahH epHzapj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ gw;wp kj;jpa tq;fp jdpahf> murhq;fk; jdpahf
my;yJ kj;jpa tq;fpAk; murhq;fKk; $l;lhf Nkw;nfhs;tJ
vd %d;W khjphpfs; fhzg;gLfpwd. ntspthhpahf
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ehzaf; nfhs;ifapid elj;j Ntz;Lnkd thjpLtJ gy
nghUshjhuq;fspYKs;s murhq;fq;fs; eLj;ju fhy gztPf;f
,yf;if epHzapg;gjpy; jiyapLtjid mtw;iwj; J}z;bd.
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gztPf;f ,yf;fply; fl;likg;gpidg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w Neuj;jpy;
gztPf;fk; mjd; ePz;l fhy ,yf;fplypy; ,y;yhjtplj;J kj;jpa
tq;fp njhopy;El;g hPjpahf gztPf;f ,yf;fply; ghijapidAk;
kjpg;gpLtjpy; kw;Wk; eLj;ju fhy ,yf;Ffis epHzapg;gjpy;
kpff;$basT epGzj;Jtj;jpidf; nfhz;bUf;fyhk; vd;gJld;
murpay;tjpfspdhy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jg;gLk; Neufhyj;Jld;
xt;thj nfhs;iffisj; jtpHf;Fk; (`kkd;l; 2011 kw;Wk;
kp];fpd; 2001) kWGwj;jpy;> gztPf;fk; fzprkhdstpw;Ff;
FiwthfTk; eLj;ju fhy ,yf;fply; ePz;l fhy ,yf;fply;
Nghd;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;w Ntisapy; xd;wpy; njhopy;El;gtpay;
njhlHGfs; rhh;e;j tplaq;fs; ,y;yhjJk; gztPf;f ,yf;fpliyj;
jPHkhdpg;gjpNyh Kuz;ghLfs; ,y;yhjtplj;J murhq;fk;
,yf;fpliy epHzapg;gtuhf khw KbAk;. NtWgl;l gztPf;f
,yf;fply; nghUshjhuq;fspd; jw;Nghija eilKiwfSk;
njhlHghd Ma;TfSk;2 gztPf;f ,yf;fpliyg; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F
murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghLfSld; NrHj;J eLj;ju fhy gztPf;f
,yf;fpid jPHkhdpg;gjpy; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; njhopy;El;g
epGzj;Jtj;jpid xd;wpizg;gjw;F jw;Nghija gztPf;f
,yf;fplypd; $l;lhd epHzapg;G Fwpg;ghf> Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUk;
nghUshjhuq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu tpUk;gj;jf;fJ vd;gjid
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
KbTiu
2020 mstpy; nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fpliyg;
gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhd Nehf;fk; mwptpf;fg;gl;likapidj; njhlHe;J
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp nghUj;jkhd gztPf;f msT
Kiwapay; njhlHgpy; fpilf;fj;jf;f njhpTfisAk; Vida
tplaq;fs; njhlHghd jPHkhdq;fs; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L rpwe;j
eilKiwfs; vd;gd njhlh;gpy; MuhAk; nrad;Kiwapy;
<Lgl;lJ. NkNy fye;Jiughlg;gl;lthW> ,yq;iff;Fg;
nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;ff;$ba tpjj;jpy;> ,uz;bypUe;J %d;whz;L
fhyg;gFjpia ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L epahakhd gue;j
jhq;Fk; gphpTld; $ba eL xw;iw ,yf;f kl;lj;jpy; Muk;g
kjpg;gPnlhd;W> efu EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;nzhd;wpid
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;f ,yf;F
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhYk; kj;jpa tq;fpapdhYk; $l;lhfj;
jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpw;F tutpUf;fpd;w
jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l njhpTfisf; Fwpj;Jiug;gjw;F
murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; kj;jpa tq;fpf;Fkpilapy; ehzaf;
nfhs;iff; fl;likg;G cld;gbf;ifnahd;W ifnahg;gkplg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vdj; Njitg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,J nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik
tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd; njhopyw;gLj;jiy
,aYikg;gLj;JtJld; tpiy cWjpg;ghl;by; ehzaf;
nfhs;iff; Fwpf;Nfhspid va;JtjidAk; trjpg;gLj;Jk;■
crhj;Jiz
Anand, R., Prasad, E., and Zhang, B., “What Measure of Inflation Should a Developing Country Central Bank Target?” IMF Working Paper, 2015.
Hammond, G., “State of the Art of Inflation Targeting”, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, 2012.
McCauley, R., Core versus headline inflation targeting in Thailand, Paper prepared for Bank of Thailand International Symposium, Bank of International Settlements, 2007.
Mishkin, F.S., “Inflation Targeting in Emerging Market Economies”, NBER Working Paper No 7618, 2001.
Mishkin F.S., “Headline versus Core Inflation in the Conduct of Monetary Policy” speech, 2007.
Plantier, C.,“The appropriate time horizon for monetary policy” The policy targets agreement: Reserve Bank briefing note and related papers,2002.
Reserve bank of India, “Report of the Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework”, 2014.
2. `k;nkhd;l; (2011) ,dhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ehL Ma;tpd;gb KOjhd gztPf;f ,yf;fply;
eilKiwg;gLj;jgl;lJld; mJ ,Ugj;J%d;W ehLfspy; mstplg;gl;lJld;> gjpide;J ehLfspy;
eLj;ju fhy gztPf;f ,yf;F $l;lhf cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;> xd;gJ ehLfspd; gztPf;f ,yf;F
kj;jpa tq;fpahy; Kw;wpYkhf cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.ngauplg;gl;l NehHNt> njd;dhgpupf;fhf kw;Wk;
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mjpfhuj;ijf;nfhz;l murpd; eilKiwia gpd;gw;wpaJ.
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fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; vkf;F Gjpa gq;fhsh;fs; mtrpakhFk;"
md;dh ypd;j
gzpg;ghsh; gztDg;gy;fs; - tUlhe;jk;
%yk;: ,.k.t. Mz;lwpf;if 2018
17Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
nghJNehf;F
Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;l njhopy;El;gj;jpd; %yk; tYT+l;lg;gl;l
cyfkakhf;fy;> ehLfspd; nghUshjhu tsHr;rpiaAk;
mgptpUj;jpiaAk; tpiuTgLj;jpapUf;fpd;w NghJk; ,J
cyfshtpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Gjpa Mgj;Jf;fisAk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; Kf;fpa
Mgj;Jf;fshf milahsk; fhzg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. rl;lj;jpw;F
khwhd eltbf;iffspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l ngWiffis
cs;sPL nra;tjw;F my;yJ gaq;futhj eltbf;iffSf;F
epjpapid topg;gLj;Jtjw;F Jthuq;fNsJkpy;yhj
MNuhf;fpakhd cyfshtpa epjpapay; Kiwiknahd;W
,Uf;Fkhapd; cyfkakhf;fypd; ed;ikfs; ngwg;gLtjid
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; caHe;jkl;l ed;ikfis
mile;J nfhs;sTk; KbAk;. gzk; J}ajhf;FNthUk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspg;NghUk; gy;NtWgl;l ehLfspYk;
fhzg;gLk; gyaPdkhd kw;Wk; fhj;jpukw;w fl;Lg;ghLfisg;
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L epjpapay; ehza KiwikfSf;Fs;
Eioe;J nfhs;tJld; ,Wjpapy; cyf epjpapay;
Kiwikapid Jtk;rk; nra;J tpLfpd;wdH. MfNt
gd;dhl;L epjpapay; Kiwikapid ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F
ehLfspd; kl;lj;jpy; tYthd gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd
kw;Wk; gq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy;
mikg;nghd;W mtrpakhfTs;sJ. ,j;Njitg;ghl;bid
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf> gzk; J}ajhf;fy;
kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw jil
nra;tjw;fhf epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf; FO1
cyfshtpa epakq;fis Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. toikahf
gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy
$bastpw;Ff; ftuf;$ba jd;ikapid tq;fpfs;> epjpapay;
epWtdq;fs;> fld;toq;fy; epWtdq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk;
ehza khw;Wg; gzpfs; nfhz;bUg;gjdhy; Muk;gj;jpy;
,e;epakq;fs; ,tw;wpd; kPJ mjpfsT ftdj;jpidr;
nrYj;jpd. vdpDk;> Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh
tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;fs;2 gzk; J}ajhf;FNthhpdhYk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpapLNthhpdhYk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
caHe;j cs;shHe;j tsj;jpidf; nfhz;bUg;gjid
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epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;fSf;Fg; gbg;gbahf
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gzk; Àajhf;fy;Æ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy;3
njhlHgpy; mjpfhpj;j mr;RWj;jiyf; nfhz;bUe;jikapid
gjpNtLfs; fhl;L;fpd;wd. MfNt> 2006Mk; Mz;bd; 6Mk;
,yf;f epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lj;jpd;
rl;lthf;fj;jpd; fPo;> ,yq;ifapy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;fSf;F ,t;Tyfshtpa
epakq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
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njhopy;fspÇlhf gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;fu
thjj;jpw;F epjpaply;
gzk; J}ajhf;FNthH kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpapLNthH
mtHfsJ Fw;wtpay; njhlHghd ngWiffisAk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;fhd epjpaply;fisAk; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd
mtw;wpd; %yj;jpid kiwg;gjw;fhd toptiffis
vg;NghJk; Njbf; nfhz;bUg;gH. Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;fs; Jiw gzk;
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kpf;f ftHr;rpfukhdnjhd;whf khwp tUfpd;wJ. ,jw;F
mj;jifa ,lHNeHTfisj; jzpg;gjw;Fr; rhpahd
1. epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO vd;gJ cs;sf murhq;f
hPjpahdnjhU rigahFk;. ,J gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jYf;nfjpuhd cyfshtpa nfhs;ifapid cUthf;Ftjw;fhf
1989,y; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;. epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpdhy;
tpLf;fg;gl;l cyfshtpa epakq;fs; gzk; J}ajhf;fy;Æ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; kw;Wk; ngUksT Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk;
MAjg;ngUf;fk; vd;gdtw;wpid xopg;gjw;fhd 'tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;" vdg;
nghJthf miof;fg;gLfpd;wd (www.fatf-gafi.org). jw;nghOJ
gzk; J}ajhf;fy;> gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; ngUksT Nrjq;fis
tpistpf;Fk; MAjg;ngUf;fk; vd;gdtw;wpw;nfjpuhd 40 mj;jifa
tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJld; xt;nthU ehLk; mjw;F
,zq;fpnahOFjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
2. Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;fs; vd;gJ
kw;iwatHfSld; frpNdhf;fs;> #jhl;l ,y;yq;fs; my;yJ nyhj;jHfs;>
cz;ikr; nrhj;J KftHfs;> ngWkjpkpf;f cNyhfq;fspd; tzpfHfs;>
ngWkjpkpf;f fw;fs;> XusT ngWkjpkpf;f fw;fspd; tzpfHfs;> rl;l
mwpQHfs;> nehj;jhhpRfs;> fzf;fhsHfs;> ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;ghsH my;yJ
fk;gdpg; gzp toq;FNthH MfpNahiu cs;slf;FfpwJ.
3 ,yq;if njhlHghd Njrpa gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jy; ,lHNeHT kjpg;gPL - 2014
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
Mz;lwpf;if - 2018
,yq;ifapy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk;
njhopy;fSf;fhd gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd kw;Wk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpapliy xopj;jy; flg;ghLfs;
18 Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
fl;Lg;ghLfs;> nfhs;iffs; my;yJ eilKiwfs;
,y;yhkypUg;gNj Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. Fwpg;ghf>
ngUk;ghyhd Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk;
njhopy;fs; gzk; Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; njhlHghd Njitg;ghLfis
mwpahjdthf my;yJ mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;
gq;fspf;f tpUk;ghjdthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;Jld;
gzk; J}ajhf;fy;Æ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; vd;gd
je;jp khw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; mNjNeuf; nfhLg;gdT trjpfs;
vd;gdtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp epjpfis khw;wy; nra;tJ
Nghd;w Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;l njhopy;El;gtpaYld; NrHe;j
tsHr;rpiaf; nfhz;bUg;gjdhy; mit ve;j topapy;
vt;thW eilngWfpd;wd vd;gjid kjpg;gpLtJ kpfTk;
,lHg;ghlhdjhFk;.
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epjpay;yh tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;fspÇlhfg; gy;NtW
topfspy; rl;l G+Htkhd gzj;jpw;F khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
cjhuzkhf> cz;ikr; nrhj;Jf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis
gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy;
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ngWiffs;) KjyPL nra;jy; kw;Wk; gzj;jpd; rl;lj;jpw;F
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fzf;fha;Tr; RtLfis rpf;fyhf;fp mjid kPstpw;wy;>
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tphpthf;fj;jpw;fhfr; nrhj;Jf;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;>
rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd gzj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhf
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Fwpg;gpl;l tq;fpnahd;wpd; fzf;fpw;F kPsspg;Gf;fisr;
nra;AkhW NfhUjy; %yk; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd epjpapid
toikahd epjpapay; Kiwik khw;Wjy; Nghd;w gy;NtW
topKiwfspd; %yk; jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s
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epjpaspg;NghUk; jdpahSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd nrhj;Jf;fshf
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nghUl;fshd jq;fk;> ,uj;jpdf;fy; kw;Wk; Mguzk; Nghd;w
gz;lq;fspy; ngUk; njhiffis KjyPL nra;tjw;F
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rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd gzj;jpid rl;l hPjpahd gzkhf
khw;Wtjw;F #jhl;l ntg;jsq;fisAk; nka;epfH #jhl;lj;
jsq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. NkYk;> fzf;fha;thsHfs;>
rl;l mwpQHfs;> nehj;jhhpRfs; kw;Wk; fk;gdp gzp
toq;FNthH Nghd;w njhopy;rhH gzpfspYs;Nshiug; gzk;
J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaplYf;fhf
mtHfSf;Fj; njhpe;Njh my;yJ njhpahkNyh gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s KbAk;. gzk; J}ajhf;fy; gpd;dzpapy; njhopy;rhH
epGzHfspd; ey;nyz;zj;jpidg; gzk; Àajhf;FNthH
gzk; Àajhf;Fk; nrad;Kiwapy; jk;ik kiwj;Jf;
nfhs;sg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; njhopy;rhH gzpfis
toq;FNthH 'thapy; fhg;NghH" vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wdH.
,yq;ifapy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuk;
kw;Wk; njhopy;fSf;fhd xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; fl;likg;Gk;
gzk; Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; flg;ghLfs;.
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thjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; fl;likg;G epjpapay;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lk; kw;Wk; 2005Mk;
Mz;bd; 25Mk; ,yf;f gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy
xLf;Fjy; kPjhd rkthar; rl;lk; kw;Wk; 2006Mk;
Mz;bd; 5Mk; ,yf;f gzk; Àajhf;fiyj; jLj;jy;
rl;lk; Mfpa ,uz;L rl;lthf;fq;fis cs;slf;fpa
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epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphptplk; gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; rl;lj;
Njitg;ghLfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf epjpapay;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;l Vw;ghLfspd; fPo;
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; mjpfhuq;fs; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
mj;jifa Njitg;ghLfs; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; MSeiuj;
jiytuhff; nfhz;l gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; Njrpa ,izg;Gf;
FOtpÇlhf ,izg;Gr; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
epjpapy; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lj;jpd;
epajpfspy; (Ml;fisf; nfhz;l epWtfk; cl;gl
,aw;ifahdÆ rl;l Ml;fs;) VNjDk; epjpapay; tpahghuk;
kw;Wk; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuj;jpy;
<Lgl;Ls;s my;yJ Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w Ms;Æ Ml;fs;
mj;jifa rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfSf;F ,zq;fpnahOFkhW
Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdH. kw;iwatHfSld; epjpapay;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lj;jpd; 33Mk; gphptpy;
tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gl;lthW frpNdh cz;ikr; nrhj;J
KftHfs;> ngWkjpf;f cNyhfq;fs;> ngWkjpkpf;f fw;fspd;
tzpfHfs;> rl;l mwpQHfs;> nehj;jhhpRfs;> fzf;fhsHfs;
kw;Wk; ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;ghsHfs; my;yJ fk;gdpg; gzp
toq;FNthH MfpNahH cldbahf eilKiwf;FtUk;
tpjj;jpy; gzk;Æ Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; flg;ghLfis gpuNahfpg;gJ
njhlHgpy; Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdH. epjpapay;
eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;Gf;fis
ghprPyidapy; nfhz;L epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphpT -
,yq;if epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply;
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpapay; my;yh tpahghuk;
kw;Wk; njhopy;fSf;F tpjpfisAk; topfhl;ly;fisAk;
tpLj;jpUf;fpwJ4. ,jw;fika> gpd;tUtd Kf;fpakhd
gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; flg;ghLfshf tpsq;FtJld; ,it
,yq;ifapYs;s Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuk;
kw;Wk; njhopy;fspdhy; ,zq;Ftpf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
thbf;ifahsHfis neUf;fkhff; ftdpj;jy; kw;Wk;
gjpNtLfisg; NgZjy;
epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;
Gf;fspd;gb thbf;ifahsiu chpa tpopg;Gf; ftdk;
4. 2018Mk; Mz;bd; 01Mk; ,yf;f Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epjpay;yh tpahghuq;fs;
thbf;ifahsH chpa tpopg;Gf; ftd tpjp> 2018Mk; Mz;bd; 2Mk; ,yf;f
gzk; Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy;>
frpNdh kw;Wk; #jhl;l ,y;yq;fSf;fhd ,zq;Ftpg;Gf; flg;ghLfs; kPjhd
topfhl;ly;fs; kw;Wk; 2018Mk; Mz;bd; 3Mk; ,yf;f cz;ikr; nrhj;J>
ngWkjpkpf;f cNyhfq;fs;> ngWkjpkpf;f kw;Wk; XusT ngWkjpkpf;f
fw;fspd; tzpfHfSf;fhd gzk; Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; ,zq;Ftpg;Gf; flg;ghLfs;.
19Vg;gpwy; - a+d; 2019itg;gfk;
topKiwfs;> gzk; J}ajhf;fy;Æ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpaspj;jy; ,lHNeHTfisj; jLf;fpd;w topKiwnahd;whfg;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jid tpahghu cwT
Kiwfis epWTfpd;w NghJ> ,Ue;jpl;nlhd;whd
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ VNjDk; gzk;
J}ajhf;fy;Æ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; re;Njfk;
vOk; NghJ mj;Jld; thbf;ifahsH my;yJ ed;ikngWk;
nrhe;jf;fhuH5 njhlHgpYk; Kd;dH ngwg;gl;l milahsk;
njhlHgpy; VNjDk; re;Njfk; vOk; NghJ nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lj;jpd; gphpT 2>
thbf;ifahsiu milahsk; fhZfpd;w Njitg;ghl;bidf;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fpwJ. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l thbf;ifahsH
chpa tpopg;Gf; ftd tpjpapd;gb> epjpapd; %yk; kw;Wk;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fypd; Nehf;fk; vd;gd cl;gl KOg;ngaH>
epue;ju Kfthp> njhopy;> mYty;rhH jdpg;gl;l milahs
,yf;fk; vd;gd ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld;
Mspd; milahsk; Njrpa milahs ml;il> flTr;rPl;L
my;yJ Xl;LeH chpkg;gj;jpuk; Nghd;w nry;Ygbahff;$ba
milahs Mtzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp rhpghHf;fg;gLjYk;
Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dH thbf;ifahsHfs; gzk; J}
ajhf;fy;Æ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; ,lHNeHT
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njhopy;fs; 'caH ,lHNeHT" vdTk; tpahghu cwTKiwfs;
my;yJ nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; caH ,lHNeHTfld;
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thbf;ifahsUld; NeUf;FNeH re;jpj;jpuhj cwtpidf;
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,uz;L thbf;ifahsHfSf;fhd caHe;j thbf;ifahsH
chpa tpopg;Gf; ftd topKiwfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lnkdf;
Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;ldH. mj;Jld; thbf;ifahsnuhUtH
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thbf;ifahsH chpa tpopg;Gf; ftdk; rl;lj;jpd; %yk;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;ltw;wpw;Fg; Gwk;ghf> epjpapay; eltbf;if
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1. Arunatilake, N. 2015. “Eliminating Pension Anomalies – Reaching Beyond Public Servants.” Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, Colombo.
2. Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (2004), Money Laundering and Terrorist Financeing: A Global Threat, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report.
3. FATF (2012-2018), International standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation, FATF, Paris, France
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