?i8b oorqpb.a an f.1Perrclat plum 1. th tadim nyelm1.e

tUa4ory d Tr8diUorrO Mah ud F u l n r a a n t y h*. ban

i W W y -a 4 t h th hU.a popelatian fm pm-

hi#*- t L r . 0 M t l O M l l y e f l a g h u bua ptw

.*ocatioa d.r th li*.liMod aa . mot d th pogrll.tLr

l iving in m a t 3 ngloo, mcl on th a k a of d*.SBe

1- lad wn1m. nrgiw it* amtiact trattoll .sd

ficML trade* flrbri.. of ttn oulltry reed& amat at-

tloa i n th. Uet ~ a t u r y u vmll u in th. fir8t N Z of th.

aurmnt ematup, when tho m8t of th \*uld rrrobrd 3r.d

with i t 8 dmlsgrart. Xtm iapoctaat mnt th.t foo* p l a a h

tk. hirtory of f1.hrri.r of Xo41a w e # th .awbmt of I13QL.s

ri.b.ri.a kt of 1897,' ZMa Act d.1.gab.d th. 8ta+.8e

t h napoa8lMlity ot bralapat ead o o w a t i a r of f i 8b -

rl.8 in th. laland .ad t8rdbri . l waterr of th. n.p.atl'CI

atatas. ~t rl.o -red ttn ~s tomb their m

rule./l.n dor tk a&- oi FWHrlaa. l b ~ e tlr

d . * . & p . a t e -at lid 09 7 i r h d . a k..r

p d - m y .t.tr ubj.crto

caoarwd effort8 far fhr ( Irrr lrt of thl fidnrL8

of th BDlatrp we- initlab.6 m l y 3 r n n borr kd.padat

l a tH7. 1 - y rtrp mm tot otgrri88d

4aa m l o p m h vlth tin .8tauiQrmrmt of th O n t d

?iaharior Institutu for nuirr a d W a a d

lho mep O.. ridhi4 S W i a a .nd Nlbwqmnbly Un QntrJ

Institute of ?l8Fnrier hdh#llegp. Rr ti*. ymu plru hi-

tiatad to t h m foundekim of oeonorh ud rocid

rtmuture end ta S a t . I&utri81e Wnarh. ssi.ntiflo

and 'hcMad .drama8 bgm to o e t . ~ to npeclfio and8 ef

0, 6*.lgrat of ?i.hri.r of th. opntrp od Unredtu,

th. Rdlm tish8rL.r rhovd grocrrerriva W w t r '2bi8

a h p t u endemur8 to r a w th w a d tm-r af ? L w

1aQ.q in Pdla rd i t 8 .i(FllficabOe.

t..O-8 of hdl. both mad md mh.

Inbi. h e vast inLrod v a t u luorrr-8 8@ abe

sow. R* f a v a t u ro-8 w l W ri..ria m r

neoermirr, Eeab. 'halcl, 1-8 0 0 . r a br.Qdl

v8wt r m l a r p a . olSgrir utandrr, l r k r rad b.dr u8Wrr.

lPhr W of tb. main d-rm .ad a i r tribuWriaa*

u oriplMsd by th central Wrd ? i r b r i e r 8.-

tw, B u r ~ r m * i r J#*C 2,000 W~cstru. m a y t nulia

bctarrr of mbu-rpnd ul.. ir .nilrbk kr thr

- - ~ - t e b - o f h h d a A

w m a l w t.dL. I. blouod w i t h . Rw W r w re-s aoaprAm

fh tvo dQ .or of tho zlhfxan -.a rd . l a m arPu of

aults uad mrm eloop thr a6ut. mi. ku aowt ila, of

7,150 Icilartra. vith . ~~htiQl l t .1 h l f of 4.a 1- 8qlAasl

kil-a*.' m" =UQ OOM QIIImrs II1 .me m f 74.9 dllkl

SQUUO Il iratmr and h~ m rial& ~ ~ t c ~ d wt.t

nableqiold) eC 14.39 J l l tor -8. A t -rat anly 2.80

milllodl b o m u i s hisg - & d ~ d . ~ T b ostlmtu of th.

.xp&Oitmbl. p o t a a 1 of tba 1a.n morn bm LILdLe.td

that th pn.rrt aatch W d b. iarrrd by Lrotar of 3,4

or wen I. Rr overall c.tah -Imd 005 ta bo oaly 80% of

potmatial y h l d i a 1976 I n th. o u t aout ui )Ow of poUL

tial yiold in- vut cs..t. nn p..p r r n.aurws ofboth

aoarts hr*. &a gernml r a d m d wmtpl8it.d t u -8 o t

a4UBt. ud W W . IP.Llnp at Wm ocr- 1 m

3 dlo*uarat of llrtiarrl Mrc. . iarr # ma- lPNI Abridg. mportr ??.-=

Plarrwd ~~ of tiaubrlma aoarnrnd fror t b

f i r s t fir* p3-• rhi* 8 t U t O d tn*l 1951420 arrtag

U* tirrt bm fa*. pu p l r u r rigk.ir th

finhadsr .BCbDT wu o -&etiQ(I of WO~~~DO.

araft intra&tkm of a&u&.d flaw Wtr,

m n U of ff.hlrrll goass, e6tablihaPnt of infw-

fwlllti06, vueh p . o c w plaatr, io plm* a d

atorag.. 111561ng and bo#thbg f ~ l i U m . 0 ThJZ pzw-

gZ-8 bso)pd bg ths di.aWw of rioh adring w* i n th. inrhaa w a t m r o , pmmd th. vw tor th. e.+.tJWta.t

of a nafued uport iabwWy. Xa tho X d a d ii8borL.r .rrt.ri

p w . p . c t s d aulfut. of frerh water fiJwr S p w .nd ?-

ptodrrtbr maeivd v a t u at--. In th mb..quat

plan pariod., tho w m 8 w n aoatinwd, v i e

gmatu .sgrRulr oa krtrodrPUon of aah8do.d fi8- b.1K

4ad of ryathrtia mmhuidr %r th. ti- w h

o M 1 . h r p n t of faollltfelr mnzb am landing d lmzthing

of b t . r muirr;l, tranaperbtion .bd awkstiag. R.w&

om v a r l ~ u uprt8 of marim fl8hori88 .nrl uqlorstloa of

fbir ra8aumoa u r n inC.nrif1.6 a d lnoaaslrq da*ad tat

f i sh and Pirihsry pnxlucts La t tm foreign slarbts gave a

f i l l i p for tha export trada. During the faurth flue y e u

plan p a r i d a bsglnnlnf ver, nm& i n dmp .ma f l s h i a ~

thrwgh Ing*rtt of trwlarr an w o l l ru t b l r lixXa#>tm

cowtructioa. A bmslk-throub Lnlaad f1.h a - 8 wu

achlewxl by t2a sucmrsful dvaslopnrnt of iduced keoding

and raariag -8 as w e l l as -4 eactPP& of

8- eVld P- aOlls0'33n~.

Ttu progrewrsa of tha flfth five yemr ~1.a gaw fur-

thar imptur to tho dnveloplrat of tho W o n FLheria8,

whirh otrrascrd on an i n c n u o d yrocfirtim of fi.b to A.et

t h protein mpultrmsnt in the Indian wat t ~~~at of

Socio-econmlc omdl t tonr of fl&hoamon# ud mallatlo8 of

anhamead &#reign uf fhaga earntag8 through the orport of

w1eEt.d madm products. Orpator g r l o d t y her bm girrra

fcrr an LntOgtaML Qrsloprnt ataPd at. b8lomd prognu

a t a l l the a c t o r e of nvlriaa f l ihsrler. In ttm inlaad

ti8h8rl.8 profecOI ap f n r b v a t u f ish cultut0,

-tr f i e Wture, ow.. th. d n .otivit ie8.

oa tho dm1aprmt.l dde, inteami*. mlttm 18 b i a g widely

mp8gs*ed ehtough tha trrmukioa sf ?rn I)-0 D.nrlap.nt

A~bncl08 a& establlll~t of ll).d pdPEtlOn -.

A mrakr of uraillary inQurtrb.8 ouch u Seat-bdldiaq,

Met ruklug, H u h dianl agku mailireusa .to., .rr

s1.o 81-4,' 0~t1.y. mad urp.adit- Lor f i h e t t r

Qvalopmat La the mmppc+i+e plan priods am givon h

Table 2.1.

OUTIAYS AW] EXR&lPdZ?URG FOR PI-Y JXVBLQSWZIIT

outlay Actual ex-- P l W P.riOd bela aitM, h.b

W l h mul ion

rimt PA- YOU (1951-~6) 51.3 2708

9-nb Pivm Yeu Plur ( 1 9 5 6 4 ) 122.6 90.6

Third PiVa Y O U P1.n (186146) 282.7 233.7

~ n n u e l P l m (1966491 422.1 31607

6 eilu E.Q., w a n FirPIertLs8 1947-1977. Ontd ~rrinm m t i t u t o , ~ocfikq 1977, RP.1-3

It om b m n b m -la 2.1 that the f h n o i a t .

8llocafloM h ~ ~ b qm8 up fmm &.Sl U l o o i n thr f l r &

plm to MUly b 4 r O a O laUion in t b 8- P1-• Th.

.otrul u r p . a h u n m , hao*.r, tell otlort o f allocation.

~rcmthough, the f i n a x i a l outley -ars big, it hk.

mlcrolrodpla uha rsokomd i n guaartag. t a m of th total

p1.n d a y . that ls. leer than 1 per (0.36). Xn

tonus of Agrlcultum and A l l b d aootoral outlay, it work8

out to 5.6 per cont. Thus f b t r r r i a e v m b r ha8 a mi- g a l e crharr in Un plan beket. Zndia lm entively as*

cia- v i th irxtemational en&a ' l lw~ I n fomtaring aoQpur

+iao fo: f lohcrler devdopmt. Stm is Me rod- o f

i n t e rna t l awl assistance for fiaheriem rrndar d + L l a t o r d

and bilaCarul prtqrranaa. I t ;r.m sL#o obtained World .uJt

w8is teaee for tw, intagratdl -rim f l sher ie8 project.,

o m i n 0uju.t and the other ia Anchra Pradosh a a fo r .a

inland fbdmrier pmjact aoverimg W e s t -gal, aihar.

O r i s m a , U t t e r Prahsh and Hedhya P t a b h .

During W sixth P l v r Year Phm p.rW thm rrkr Uu'W

fn ltarim flrhsriem i r t o Lrraw proQrtJaa trvouph fL.h

CU1t-r dnp me. f irhinp wlth @a1 r e femme bo lamrgc

maar of the csac~uatve ecaacnrtx: wae, utd btversifkalc.+ioa

of flahimg vlth era#msis on conmsvahloa of b e v l l y atploi*

aulns f l sbry ramoume8 on tha o m haad, snd tha acplai-

t8Cion of o w rr.crura8 00 tha o a r . I

A. a remalt of the inare- 81-n for

th dwPJapnt of f l a h i q ln tho M a p a n t flaw, i b

bsaans lrqpamtive to orgaalm propar m.earh oln buign

of fi.hlaq ad-. 9.u.. fbh- t .ehnim8r rthbd. o f

hmd&ing mana ot pressmatian and utiliaatioa o f fish.

Ru impl~arntatlm of thm pegratma of craf t aunaimatlon

i n 1-a wu bPacUy div i iW lnta a 'B.w* and f a u &ve-

lop~snt p h w , viz.,

1 s t M- Ph.cr Country craft motoriration

2nd &-lopatit P b a e IntrodPECAoa of MU noha- nt8r@ boats

AacordLng ta tbt? lateat avalleble f i w r the-- a m

a t pre-t 1 O I ~ mechsnised fishing crafts. of W h

11,590 trawlera, 3.990 m t t u a , 5- a n

Doll netbars (md 380 are punr-rtrrr8. Tta 8-r d ma-

~ ~ & a n i e e d country craf t . vorks out to I. 4 1- aoaabtAag

of 40,000 d 8 n k Wt boa-, 26,lflQ ornocrr, ud

73,400 ~ . 8 a l a + . ~ 2h.w flgar" pertah to th.

mQor 8 l - e .Iwt nuabu of oraft. empbyed by tba

inlaad s.c(rar i. not readily a r i 2 r h l a . Andhro Pra&sh

has tha auJsul mmhr of nowmehanised h t a . Ru

mximm nurb.r of msd\snised baa- is torad in Gujarat.

Than has b u n an inoream la mschanisad boats Md a

d r c l i n h n o n w n i a e d omm.

m d n taol for catbhiag f ish is the *tau1 (Sat).

There are u many M 250 typs of geu i n me. Th. axic

tlng ff.hksp m u can b bmndly cla8sifloL.d in+o tvo -8,

vb., ~ctiva fishing gmot ma Passive fiohing gear. n m

f i r s t typ8 uL fishing qear aslsist of havling, l2rift r n t

fishing, R#ru niniag, ruhiag vtth elaotrL~ Wt, 0 b s . r

Tha aecond t y p c o n d a t of math mining, Trapuet fishiap,

O l l l - D B ~ fishin9 etc.' Ia thr son-cheni11.6 muin8 uc-r

tho- M 3,800000 o i l1 mts. 300000 Boat r i m . , 68,000

fix& bag nets, 67,000 iioohr and lins, 19,000 han u b m

and 400 mnpam og.ratfng t h r o u w th e o u t lfa of th

coun&xy. Today wr, MM i n the aurzhe meetor along 27,000

Trwl-nets of differ& #ires. 'Ihare n, 460 purptrm mino-

mf. operrakhg siomtly in tb. -st oga~t . Tgpical of the

ChaOqa. kr flaling methods ua8 tth m.fs.9 Loeraam af

trawling.

9 avid Cwbiag, ruherie. m.arro of thm &a ard thmlr HIIMpraent, Oxford Ull ivualty P ~ s s * IS%. PPm2-5

M a p u t of the rtrategy th reraillazy t s a i l l t t r

5 w h ar to* pl*nt., 0014 rbaryrr ad bmst buil- yuQ

ha*. a- boea mqwnted overtlr. In 1980 it w obe-

tbat the 1- fwtorlsa (1461 rwm worklag dth a daily

production ~ a p s d t y of 1,916 tomu* aad o l d storapu

(378) h d BiAy CmcdQ of 35,942 Po-. Y.rrrr

nlaber of L a pfm* wore locettsd i n Mrala, dQUowd by

dl NodU .a4 Andhra Prat3m.h. Kerala ha6 th. rspximr aold

storage. follewd TsrLl mdu mcl Naharuhtra. In

of Boat building prda (ll'l), again Ksrda &ad th

followed by Qufuat. The flab wal plants wen - m n t r c

ted in Oujarat, Uaharuhtra aad Taaril ladu. Th. total

freeaing, a- aid flmh r a l p L ~ t olpacitba wrr 1I#,

250 and 590 to-r par 6ay re-tiv8ly.l'

lhra ab 13 rwaufacturerr of M u l r w Meml E n g i n 0 8

serviccc rtat ionr end vorkahope, providing W r usd 8orvi-

clng facill?.ior, for fishing boat8 ur avshlabie a t impor*.

tam fishiag oantrsa. Them are 4 public mator oet maw

plmt8 4 t h a manufacturing -city of over 150 Dan85 of

8ynthatj.c webbing p r a m m aad 20 privat. .ocWr unit.,

wicA a Dtal aqprcity o f 622 t o m s of synthetic

psr .M-.

#&om r W e a boat. and auxiliary f sdl i t iar

aabd arr- a##, i n th. *ha landlam of -ins fbm

i n ZndC4. Ah thr beginnlag of th. P l a t T i t n Y o u Plan,

tha product~on WUI of he 0-r of 0.n alllioa tomrr.

'L3w grroduatlm increased i n e ph~sed mwmr, cularkuting In

the wmt bvml, which is uound 2.125 dlllon Dmu.

Th. prodaction law at dirfemnt stages of tfPr U gi*.n

i n Tablo 2.2.

Year M a e Inland mtal 1ad.r

w-8 Th. raulm P X d u c b . D.aop.nt A-1-r Wati8tias of nark. Proauct. E m r C o C h h 198lr P.221.

ks marly 3 fold increua i n ft .h prodoction

in thm inland metor i.8 cansatas than hh. rat. o f -ah

i n th. inor- -tor. The @ham o f 'tnland f i 8 h u i a h u

imroawd f ~ ~ l 29 par oent ln 1951 fO 41 jmr armt ln 1-0

In t a m e of the 8pecial dietribution of total lant l in~,

total. lan&in$a of rnarln8 fish, Kersla hnd ~ r d r d th.

mudmm total catch i n almst a l l the p u s . rurth.t it

w r s o b e m tht th. state8 osr the West Coact

a8 much a8 70 p r cant of *tal -tru fi8h l s a d ~ w r "

A 8 regard@ p ~ s c b m i m n t &ate8 in inland fi8h pwductiol~

Wast dmngal ia tOllmmd by T&nil t4abu. Andhra Prsrbsh,

Kann+aka a d Bfhsv. T h e m w d m m inland fih e m i.

obtained fmm A r i a , aa9 India mkn t h i r d fn pxodz-

nrxt m l y to ~ h l m and tile soviat v n i a . l 2

I t w i l l bQ intanstFng to caqwro th. m a

law3 a t diffemt atages of tim u i t h that of the totrl.

world x&uc+iDn.

FISH PRDDETIW OF XKlXA VISA-VLS TTg WORLD OROntCTIOll

Y e a x India world 2 a8 praent of 3

Y O U B X i 9oI.O. Y O U Book o f P m q B t . U . t k 8

Ths abDm oaagarimn indicetea that ttn progmar of

fish gEoduetlon in India, ~ o a p a r a m well with t h a t of tha

World a m 8 Jhols. Indfa is rmkbd at present 7th rong

tha f i rhbaq nation of rh. uorld, cu fur ar f i s h pre-n

L r conoerapd. It i r eatimatmd that, about 45 p.r mat of

fi-18 total rim psoauction i n tho W e n ~cnur i r by m a .

11-r w h n -rod 0 fh. vast zr.ourCes matid

espaaially w i t h the extsnsioa of the nralruive e c u m i a

29% ugto 200 d i e m r i t eltauid bm poeaiblo te rd.. .\rb-

atantlallp tho level oC -on. It i r WOU kmwn that

fishing fleets of fa t off maatri.8 s t e m a i l Um way to

the Iacllan warn and aarry rwly aJb.f iert id qamtlti~ o f

f i s h isam our Qor-etrpc, I t ;ll#errr them ir a gep In the

n u k r d cn.#ls rowired to exploit fu l ln nore *lab-

aired fishkrg boat6 and Verwlr ur! to be M r o d w d to

explofh auim fmKy re.ourar6 witbout affecting tho

inte-8- of rawdl ocllle flrhsmaa.

Y o u

T h 8 ~ b 4 ~ a J i l r t . u r i a t h r . h . r r c r f f i . N n g

i n totd M-b-D., and th. I.D.P. of prlrorg ncbor. X t can

be i n f o r d fa#P the -0 table, th.t tho ~ p w t h r o b b

thr fiah pmducbioa l r qmatsr than th. gmwth rat. La th.

proQuctl~11 of FrLaary a-r md all Oh. seotors put

thr i n Uu country. T t n r r , i m emery poedbi l i ty of inarm.dag

furthar, Vm Contrlbutioa of fieheries to N.D.P., i rE p e r

care in t&en fn fha allocation of Linanuial ro:..oura# to

thts industry on priority bada.

Indlm fbh- iadustrp her b m able to amgo u

o m of Oh. top ran)ring fotrign atduago O M I . ~ of th

notlolr. 1-a hod boon a tr&+ionrrl urport.r of drlod f1.h

u, rrountries lik. Srilanka. ?Waysla and H o w and &id

f i s h f o m d t b bulk of Indlan HLu;lne product sjpwt.8 till

1961. E m of f m n food. f mn, fndia .tarto& in 1M3,

when an mmnt of RI.60,CDO war mall@. Ttnn cmercl8,

tha h e 0 rapid sac3 pmgrrod* . i n a n e n In tho

axport of -rim prochfcto, w h l u b eunod foarsign .xrh.ag

vorth b.%1 arons in I W U ~ . ' ~ W e 2.5 mkm tho traad

i n export. of f U 1 and fLh products.

'YO r 2

X r r r , 1 '.., 1

India hr iacrrawd fran 0.41 por oant i n 1956-11 to

marly 4 per oant by 197940. -a*r sham in world ox-

OM of f b h and f1.h produets w a n around 4 pmr cant in

~ 9 7 8 . ~ ~ It i r , the mall cnd rr4argtn.l ."trapturnurn uho

ha-, with their limited rewuruoa built up rnUa1n fiuh

product. axport h c b t r y to its prrrmmt stintau of major

export ocarnsr. En 1972, the Governnent of India g a w

recogsiltion to the aoafood l n h t r y by rsntablishing t h

m r a r i m plroauctc export Qvelopent authority* vNch l8

n ~ g o ~ i b l e for Qveloplrnt regulation and control of

+he crea food 1nc17.mtry.l~ ~t in poaaible to *mn furttvu

eha prrtom~dnun of fishing ia&mtry in the 8ph.t. o f axport.

by pxoduct nnd wark%t divrraificattcma, g m u p ~ar ) ra ing an8

production of valrra addnd it-.I6

Pldnaries grovide employment for : . - &lion

fishorme<=& to 0.4 mllLian in 1951!!'fn adjit lon, a

large number of paoplo c a m their livelihood fnnn ~c

ciated cwcu;latione wuct~ as nat naiting. boat aarvbg, i ~ 4

rmufre?taUingo a d t naklnp, t i s h praeralng, fish trm-

pottation, b U b t N- etcr tn a aDuntry 1- aU8, h a

pox aaptta i n Wur of m a t and milk la anall, fisb u~lnv

iqurl;amco u a suppleasent tO ill balaacld arrral Utr.

The ~efional Canaislriw m hgricdtum hsr eatinshad t h a t

about 70 pS Q.Rt 0 2 W o f fndi. f i8h

TIm por empita em on of f ieh in InMa re.dred a le-1

or 4.13 iGpr p r ennun, or ocagemd to 14.9 )cps in Wtsd

s a t 9 8 of lrraarica and 20.9 Kg8 tOt t!! United K&ng@no1'

I n d l n is conriderably beh W l a pas c a p l b canrwption of

f i sh . siaw fish i s a mlat ive ly cheaper pwtrfn faad,

*ch the aoappoa ragn can afford, it .hould kwom a lop

elment i n India's iighyht against Hunger and Poverty.

Ih. flrrhazmn popllstioa i 5 acatteued in 11,000

fitthing totd fisher folk population,

both mdna and inland van orlso8ssd in 1979 at 53,75,800

of whcm 17,815,600 !are in actim W t a i l r m a r -

d i m tk mploynwnt u e r ~ i ~ ~ n in Table 2.6.

17 CJIoF.RoXo, I&M F i r r h s h h 1947-19'770 Cahla, 1977, 0.3

18 Sea Food Deport J o u t a r l r Deawkr 1977, Po27

Fall-Ular f l ~ h l n g 4,!53, SO0 25.37

Part-tiwl f l s h k ~ g 4,391 100 14.W

Fish ~ h t i w 3,648 300 20.40

zc~mrnaina z ,m,m 1 i . n

Fieh procrsring 91,100 5.10

Other work 2,29,300 12.83

SOURCE8 8.O.B.P.. #prim Small scale F i s h e r i e s of India. 1983, P.13

Awarding to t!! l a t e e t mallable data ( C . M . F . H . ~ )

estisates tor 19761, t b r o vore 2,039 lnarino fishing

v i l l a g . ~ , tha mudaup being in Andhra Y r a b u h followed by

T a d 1 NaQ, Mahsrashtrz, vsrala and others. Along the coaat

l ine Iiw 32,81,500 fisher f a l k an9 others on ti* 'adu

of tho rivers, lahm and be& waters.

Th. fhherrasn sf tha oarntrry h a m a d i s t i n c t t n d l -

t im OF their own. Thay belong to a l l the major Psligionr

of tcle ccuntxy vie., t:in&l.sl, Islam and ChrirtLdty.

In ea& . tats thQy belong t o s s m r e l different cantoe. Ttm

principal fiehemen wmmuritie6 of Qujarot end Uaharanhtse

are the -r W h i s and Bhcf., of the W t a C W t , the

Ambigas and MogaMero of m a l a , the Ihlkk4vas of Tmll HsdU,

thc ~snb&v?ic an6 PottEnovcnor of Andhra Pra&ah, the

mntn, Dgya, P a t t c w r?nd Pall i ; of BlhlP1: d E U t e l l l

part of trio country, the Web, Mlo, Tiyar and Patni. A

qmat m e r i a l diversity d s t s among the fishermn coma-

n i t i c s of the cmuntry.

Xn aoci~t; ti= fiti.ing w z m d t y occy i e s 3 low mtatur

I : * j ,zi: y oT t?e :ishcrmcn belonc) t o an ecomdcally maker

sc ct.' c-- md follor: trrditfon-1 mthods o f flshinq, employirq

i n t U : r n ? u crzf tc an6 r~e-3. Thc prccntarp of fidrrmsn,

who ot:n hoata, vzrirs fron s t a t e t o atate, heing €4.7 i n

Gujarat, 44.9 i n biaharashtra, 15 Kanlataks, T d l :*adu,

Orimn and blest 1en~;c t l , 39 in Pndhro Pradeah an6 27.9 l a

K a r ~ l a . Others vork on himd boats or am partmrs or a9

wags basis.''

Tha avsragp s ize of a fiehaman trnuahold vazie5 bat-

w e n 5 and 9, in d i f f o n n t atatss. A & l t malea and tmm~1.0

oDnpri80 about 31 p r a n t each and childma % per Cent*

Of the total population, 1S par cont are educated upto

primary stmrdud, 3 p u cant raoaduy QII~ 1 p r cent oon-

nrrjodtp of tho f i s b m m are pgor and living b . 2 ~

the poverty l inee Ths per c a p i h incocao of moll scale

capita incam in f i trkdee sector au a *ole of ke760 for

tte year 1978-79 at 39613-69 price level.2' All rasnbers of

the f d l y t;f bath sexes Mi a l l age8 takh patt Ln fishing

or related activkties . Piaher waoon play M Lnportant role

in the e c a ~ C a8 wall as the social and daaoetic life of

f i sher folk. ! Iby take an active put i n dryirq and marks-

t i n g of fish, net making znd col lect ion of P:rwood b s 1 W

By a d largs, the fiahermn am p r a ~ l a l l y l a d e m d

to the niddlermn, who advance financial help to t o m a t

Um?o o f need i n retun for their f i s h catch asoessed o t

low prices, Thc mi&dlsnlan alao control the $ale mrl warke-

tfng of fish.

T h e tuxsing situation in th fir;hi:>g vil lages 18 wry

jWr kind is aggravated by exporure to the extraaa weather

c o i x t i t a . ~ ~ ~ (cyclunca LlooJo) w.d fire. Tha fishexmen in

tlwr coastal a n a r em subject to a l l kinds of direasor, a8

Proper sanitation and msdical f a c i l i t i e 8 are m t aMil8ble

2 2 Shantbhu byll, Fishemen i n Xndla, The E d c Times, February 13, 1977

i n tbss #as. lQst of the fidhfng triLlager sr, h c o a u i -

bZe by tosd an8 ths pmblm of transport la ell tha mom

acute. This i s a major hindram to the demloplrnt of th.

f i d h l g inl¶wtry. F i s h b i n g a p rl&eble aDamPdLty, quick

transport i a imperative to fctah p o d prices to the firha*

m. Constroction of l ink CO.*~ aismocti~ the f i sh lardinp

centres wiW thQ main road for quick *tansport. v i l l tmrurm

better prices tor the f ish oatchse.

nanic canc?itions, i l l f terscy , hcsvy l @ m i n g on ar iddloaen,

t r n d i t i o ~ l fishin7 eqi;ms?ts and nethoflo 05 fishing,

poor hatsing, mal-nutritioc, L B c k o f proper water supply,

non-ovailebillty of medical services and low production

r a t s inflwnco the m c i ~ n a n i c conditfons o f the flahe*

men.

-at of the r a a l economy hat a wry high

Priority i n au econanic yrogrwrase. The lot of tha i a ~ a s q

vlrafhor he grapl crops on land or ia wator, ham to k 1,

proved. Eventhou& tho mall scde (tradlttoael or Wsaaw

fbhsraan acoounta, for 62 per cant of t h aggregata f i s h

production (19781~~ their 8octoleconoaic o o n d i t i o ~ are

still very poor. Thsir eamoaric ~nrfl i t iona rare to bo

I-4 Vim tlm M o p n l l t of .ppmpri.t. labow intm-

siw f i s h i q tecmmlogy snd by LLberatlng f i s h P m a fmr

th. elutohr of mno3* 1 e n Q a and t i r h tradma w i t h +h.

rrrpfly of imtltutl-1 timnem.

A. tho f i r b m n mostly capra from the wskerr -on

of the popalatioa they are roc ia l ly r eaonaatcal ly aad d u a t

t i o a a l l y badtvard and lack f inaac ia l reeourcea .nd orgembe-

t i o ~ l aageci ty roquired f o r b g t t e r prosecution of tho

bukineas. Pbrwverr f i r h e r l e r is a c a p i t a l interuive &mi-

mar . BmiDp i n thie preaadous cad i t i on , Eha f i l h . w n

aemmlty has to Qpend on extramoue f inanc ia l reeOu2aUr

such 68 mosey lendere an8 merahaat., who on many wcaEioru,

claim a l i o m ehaa i n tho p r o f i t without r u ~ i ~ mu& of

r i sk . cooporstive a y o t m of urrkiug and use of 1meitutiOIYf

finanoa have. th3mforer a great r o l e t o play ~ g Q c i a l l y ,

i n thia soMr of f ishcrioa, w h i c h has, s o fat, keen wmG

darahly mglected.

In .bbLtiar to the plan autlaym, f1nsad . l inmtttutbe

much err, ~ p u a t l o s a , -a1 bulk., JWghaml Rural

Banks, I.D.B.1 and other go*etnmen+al aghndu a n prov-

f i n a n c i a l ucris+anea for the dr*.loglrant of f i8heri .o 8.8tor

The f i r h a r i e ~ aoaperative rystam i n the oountry u u organin

with a viow to pmvidkrg eubtaaor, t o the actual prO&ma,

the f i s h e a w a , Fl.freriea o o a p r a t i v o r o r moiA.t i .8 a m

gomrad by a Hpmrato rat of rutar, bo ahaawl gwermmnt

a88ht-• OA3 thr b r r a Of W i p l U 0f M p clad

wmageamnte Th firheriom ooqmratim m t n r t u w in India

in h d l y thrw tited. I t canrimta of a primary -reti-

far a villogr, or urnup of villagem, e dlst4)dor rsqio-

fadslratlont and a stato lwei a p x body c ~ s t i t u t e d U, a

coopsratiw tabratLon. 4hwy f laphefies awperatim

sbdctiQs an? engeged in a variety of aQtlvitiam 8udh m,

pnrrri5Ang 8 h K t tam and raediun term l w s . fi.hFag op.a-

tiom, mukefing, %nnber educatlar and extondon pmq-8.

Thr Hoyionol Federation8 pEovicL cre4it f d l i t i e 8 aod

assietmab ta *rove the orcpnimatloaal. rt-up of tho

primary co(rperative8. Rrey am arrgeatad to r t am a weful

and oonveniantly located, intanaodiato ags~c ioe between tho

a m bo91 and M p r i m w Coopmratlv8. m r g . x w ; U o n

i s the state level organi.sticn nn8 is u p a c t 4 to proVLd.

ougport t o ehe primary and dfatrict 10-1 cooprativar,

through its lacattons, size, capadty to conrand, rroourwlr

of man, material and market. I t i r expected to prgoib

badorshlp t o the entire nnvemnt.

An indication of th8 8tatu8 aad psrfonnrna of -7

f ishtrier cogpsrative aocietier i s given &I Tabla 2.7.

&*Of Bod* Boc~O- L I O C h hZaUtt.0. stat./Uniat PrL;mrp t i an tior tie8 w i t h of mule- Territory carps- shouhp sharing no profit tm .hOl

SotiPeS pmCit loan no 1-8 wing profs

1 2 3 1 5 6 -- -

TaaiJ. Nadu 500 87 (09 4 It

Weat ~9nq.d 672 224 215 220 a4

Total 4,153 1.345 2,214 595 32

Rw overall lxtrformam of f i s h a r i u ooaprat.1-8

ham kwn and insuffieiant to mske any s i g n i £ i c ~ t

ia\prrct on the livetl of fieher folk. #.ny of the coqmra-

t ivos are o p r a t i n g a t a lors and a large mmber are

&mant. r ambershipo share c a i t a l b a r adl turnmr

a m also often too woak and inadequate f o r viable ogsretiolu.

A l l State governman+. ham full fledged 6.pubrm

of cooperation. E -para* wing of the &par-nt of tho

owpratlon work. i n the netferal f ish.r iss &penmen*.

Cooperati*. bulks provide endit, JhUe f i a h r i a 8

am+ provi& share cepitalr ~ e r i a l asatetame, 8rrb.l-

d ies and loam for various appmvcd a c t i v i t h s . Rlan,

t w a other egencies t h a t l m u n place in the m o p r o t l a nt

up* The ~ a t i o n a l cooperative &velopnsnt Corporation (M.C.

D.C) arnd the National cooperative Union of W i o (N.c.U.X).

N.C.C.C. has been promoting the devologszmnt of fislmrp

cooparativcas 5irrae 1974. It pmvider f i ~ n c b l areistam0

to s t a b OOvenarellts for contributing t o the sha~e capital

of eocioties. U, to 31 ~ a r d q 1-1, tha l4.C.U.C. had saw

ct iomd financial a ~ e i s t i v r e of b.77.4 &ion m d tla

gwe-rit of India had provided lb.13.6 million under

central notor .chstne to vorlow fishery cooporatiras.

N.c.U.X h a bobye w N c h i m os.antial lf intond.d for ~QU-

cation of m h r fishery cooperatioas a d functiormriw. 24

24 B.O.B.P., -in anell m e : . FiJlsri0S Of 1 A Oamral Description, 19830 P P . P W S

'Zh. RaUasL Dank fog Agricultural and Rutal

loplvnt 1. pto\ridln~ re-finsms faci l i ty to the financial

imtitutkm giving louu to fishariem sector. mnrm

Bank of sad Shipping Qrporatioa of India am a l w

arranging 6ubsldies t o nrpport lenling i n r t i t u t l o ~ fw

f i a h r i e s ' projerts. In Oqjarat: the Industrial Dmlopamt

Bank of XadCa re-finamasbat lm.

C r a d i t f - c i l i t i e s f o r the i3romutbn of fishing

industry an? -\rovi&d '>J' "the c~rmy-rcial knking insti-

Uone. 7% dato on t t ~ u canrrrcisl h n k fimnm to fishlng

sn0 allied n c t i ~ l lee ic g i v a in ?able 2.8.

B T A ~ ~ ~ X S E ~STRIG'S;ION Or owr~?~:anR?~ S m m n C Q ~ E R C I A ~ BANK IDANB AND Al?JA@EES FOR FISWRIES AT plE END OF )(ARCH lw

- -- -

Total for dU IMP 10499 (100.0) 1116.91 (100.0)

2. ?%guns within P-thp.io are p.rcmtap.8 of was.

BOUWXI 6ped.l &turn oa Agricultural &am - 1 of Rsmrvr, ~k of India, BambPy