· 2016-03-21 · School of Distance Education A\p-I -ev] \w 2 Imen-¡äv bqWn -th -gvknän kvIqÄ...

$: · 2016-03-21 · School of Distance Education A\p-I -ev] \w 2 Imen-¡äv bqWn -th -gvknän kvIqÄ Hm^v UnÌ³kv FUyp-t¡ -j³ Fw. F. ae-bm -fw `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw A\p-I -ev] \w Prepared$
Fw. F. ae-bm-fw

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw

A\p-I-ev]\w(Adaptation)

(2015 AUvan-j³)

Imen-¡äv bqWn-th-gvknänkvIqÄ Hm^v UnÌ³kv FUyp-t¡-j³

Imen-¡äv bqWn-th-gvkn-än ]n.-H., tXªn-̧ -ew, ae-̧ pdwþ673 635

2008

Fw. F. ae-bm-fw

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw


(2015 AUvan-j³)



2008

Fw. F. ae-bm-fw

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw


(2015 AUvan-j³)



2008

School of Distance Education

A\p-I-ev]\w 2


Fw. F. ae-bm-fw

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw

A\p-I-ev]\w

Prepared by : tUm. \fn\n kXojvskâv tPmk^vkv tImtf-Pv,tZh-Kncn

Scrutinised by : tUm. A\nÂIp-amÀ hn.ae-bmfw Un¸mÀ«vsaâv,Imen-¡äv bqWn-th-gvknän

Layout : Computer Section,SDE

©Reserved


A\p-I-ev]\w 3

(kne-_-kv)

hnhÀ¯\-]-T-\-§-fpsS hnIm-k-amWv A\p-I-ev]\w F¶ imJsb {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-¶-Xv. tdma³bmt¡m_vk¬ NnÓm-\-́ -c-hn-hÀ¯\w F¶p hnfn¨ Cu imJ Hmtcm Iem-cq-]-̄ n-sâbpw X\-Xp-Nn-Ó-§-fn-tev¡v asämcp NnÓ-hy-h-Ø-bn-epÅ Bi-b-§Ä ssIam-dp-¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-̈ mWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv. IqSn-bm-«w,IY-Ifn XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS cwKm-h-X-c-W-̄ n-\pÅ \nÀt±-i-§Ä tIc-f-̄ nsâ A\p-I-ev]\ ]mc-¼-cy-̄ nsâsXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv. IY-b-Ã, B«-amWv Imcy-sa¶ IY-I-fn-bpsS ZÀi\w CXns\ ]n´p-W-bv¡p-¶p. `mj-bp-sSbpw Iem-km-ln-Xy-§-fp-sSbpw X\Xp kzcq-]-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v Bg-̄ n-epÅ [mc-W-IÄ ]I-cm³ Cu tImgvkvklm-b-I-c-am-Ipw.

bqWnäv H¶v þ hnhÀ¯\w

hnhÀ¯\w ]p\Àkr-jvSnþ hnhÀ¯\w kwkv¡m-c-§-fpsS ssIam-äwþ hnhÀ¯-\-̄ n\v tdma³bmt¡m-_vk¬ \ÂInb hn`-P-\wþ C³{Sm-enw-KzÂ, CâÀenw-KzÂ, CâÀ knan-tbm-«n-Ivþ Htc `mj-bnÂ¯-s¶-bpÅ hnhÀ¯-\wþ hyXykvX `mj-IÄ X½n-epÅ hnhÀ¯-\wþ NnÓm-́ c hnhÀ¯-\wþ A\p-I-ev]-\wþhymJym-\w, ]p\kr-jvSn, kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym-\w, A\p-I-c-Ww, kmln-Xyw, Zriy-I-e, {ihy-I-eþ Ihn-Xm-em-]-\w,IY-I-fn, kn\n-a, Sn.-hn, tdUntbm \mS-Iw, Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww.

B«-{]-Im-chpw {Ia-Zo-]n-Ibpw (km-am-\y-]-cn-N-bw)

bqWnäv cv

XpÅÂ, B«-¡-Y, ]mT-Iw, Iq¯vþ cwKm-h-X-c-W-§Ä A\p-I-ev]-\-sa¶ \ne-bnÂþ \f-N-cnXwHm«³Xp-ÅÂþ Ip©³ \¼ymÀþ \f-N-cnXw B«-¡Y (H¶mw Znh-kw) D®m-bn-hm-cn-bÀ, alm-̀ m-c-X-̄ nse\tfm-]m-Jym-\-hp-ambn LS-\m-]-c-amb Xmc-X-ayw. kmln-Xy-cq-]-̄ nÂ {]Xn-̂ -en-¡p¶ cwK-{]-tbm-K-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-IÄ. (B-«-{]-Im-c-\nÀt±-i-§-fp-ambn _Ôn-̧ n¨v ]Tn-¡-Ww)

bqWnäv aq¶v

\mS-I-hpw, t\mh-epw-þ-im-Ip-́ fwþXn-cp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-c³þ imIp-́ -tfm-]m-Jym-\-hp-am-bpÅ Xmc-X-ayw.

e¦m-e-£vanþ kn.-F³. {ioI-WvT³\m-bÀ

cmam-b-W-I-Y-bp-am-bpÅ Xmc-X-ayw

C¶-es¯ agþ F³. taml-\³þ sFXn-ly-hp-am-bpÅ BJym-\-]-c-amb hyXym-kw C\n Rm\p-d-§-s«þ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³þ alm-̀ m-c-X-I-Y-bp-am-bpÅ BJym-\-]-c-amb hyXym-kw.

bqWnäv \mev

IhnXbpw kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym-\-hpwþ s]cp-́ -̈ ³þ Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v (sF-Xn-ly-hp-ambn LS-\m-]-c-am-bpw, BJym-\-]-c-am-bpw, hÀ®-\m-]-c-hp-am-bpÅ hyXym-k-§fpw aäp Ihn-X-I-fp-am-bpÅ Xmc-X-ay-hpwþXnc-¡-Y-bp-ambpw Xmc-Xayw Bh-iy-am-Wv).

X¨sâ aI³ þ sshtem-̧ nÅn

X¨sâ aIÄ þ hnP-b-e£van

]qX-̧ m«v þ CS-tÈcn

Ipähpw in£bpw þ (Z-kvX-tb-hvkv¡n) s{]m^. Un. X¦-̧ ³\m-bÀ

amen-̀ m-c-Xwþ amen

`mc-X-]-cy-S-\wþ Ip«n-¡r-jvW-am-cmÀ

bqWnäv A©v þ Xnc¡-Ybpw kn\n-abpw

s]cp-́ -̈ ³þ Fw.Sn

A]-c³þ ]ß-cm-P³

Im¡-IÄ (t{Im-kv)


A\p-I-ev]\w 4

Ipd-tkmh ({Uow-kv)

hm³tKmKv Nn{X-§-fpw, Nn{X-§-fpsS kn\n-am-{]-tbm-K-hpwþ NnÓ-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hni-I-e-\w.

tNmZy-am-Xr-I-IÄ

1. A\p-I-ev]\w F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶Xv NnÓm-\´c hnhÀ¯-\-s¯¯s¶-bm-Wv. F´p-sImv?

2. kmwkv¡m-cnI ss]Xr-Is¯ AtX-]Sn hnhÀ¯-\-̄ nÂ ]IÀ¯m³ Ign-bn-sÃ¶p ]d-bm³ Imc-W-sa´v?

3. \f-N-cnXw Hm«³Xp-Å-epw, \f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Ybpw A\p-I-ev]-\-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-I.

4. \mSIw Hcp kmlnXyIrXn-bmbn hÀ¯n-¡p-t¼mgpw AXn-\Àl-amb AwKo-Imcw e`n-¡p-¶Xv Ac-§n-em-Wvþ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.

5. ]pcm-hr-̄ -̄ nsâ Imem-Xo-X-amb k^-eX "C¶-es¯ ag'bnÂ F§s\ A`n-hy-RvPn-¡p¶p?

6. Xnc-¡-Ysb Hcp kzX-{ -́km-ln-Xy-hn-̀ m-K-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡mtam? F´p-sImv?

7. "s]cp´¨'\nÂ Fw.-Sn. krjvSn-s¨-Sp¯ IYm-]m-{X-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v hnh-cn-¡p-I.

8. B«-¡-Y-sbbpw Xnc-¡-Y-sbbpw Xmc-X-ay-coXym hne-bn-cp-̄ p-I.

9. 'X¨sâ aIÄ' sFXn-ly-hp-ambn F§s\ {]ta-b-]-c-ambn hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v hnh-cn-¡p-I.

10. "t\ti _e-tkyXn Ntc-Z-[À½w'þ amcm-cpsS \ne-]m-sS´v?

11. NnÓ-hn-Úm-\o-b-̄ nsâ hnim-e-ta-J-e-bnÂ DÄs¸-Sp¯n tdma³ bmt¡m-_vk¬ hnhÀ¯-\-̄ n\p\ÂInb hn`-P-\-̄ nsâ {]kàn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.

12. hm³tKm-Knsâ Nn{X-§sf kn\n-a-bn-tebv¡p hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-I-bmWv "Im¡-IÄ' hgn Ipd-tkmhsNbvX-Xvþ kaÀ°n-¡p-I.

13. hymk-̀ m-c-X-s¯-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ amcm-cpsS Iaâ-dn-IÄ IYm-]m-{X-t¯mSp IeÀ¯n ]p\x-krjvSn sNbvX-XmWv]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvWsâ "C\n Rm\p-d-§s«'þ hne-bn-cp-̄ p-I.

14. tdUntbm {]t£-]Ww sNbvhm³ Dt±-in-¡-s¸-s«-gp-Xnb ]qX-̧ m-«n\v Zriy-Im-hy-t¯-¡mÄ `mh-Zo-]-I-Xz-hpw, kq£va-{Km-ln-Xz-hp-ap-vþ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.

15. A\p-I-ev]\w hyXy-kvX-amb am[y-a-̄ n-te-bv¡pÅ amä-̄ n\p ]pd-sa, kz´w ho£-W-̄ n-eq-sS-bpÅhymJym\w IqSn BIm-dp-v. DZm-l-c-W-§-fn-eqsS hyà-am-¡p-I.


A\p-I-ev]\w 5

bqWn-äv þ H¶v

hnhÀ¯\w

hnhÀ¯\-̄ n\v HmIvkvt^mUv Un£-Wdn \ÂIp¶ \nÀh-N-\-̄ nÂ\n¶v Bcw-̀ n-¡mw. Hcp `mj-bnÂ \n¶pw asämcp `mj-bn-tebv¡v amäpI F¶ {]hr-̄ n, AYhm AXnsâ êwþ `n¶-̀ m-j-bn-epÅ ]mTwþAXmWv hnhÀ¯\w AYhm {Sm³kvtej³. emän-\nse {Sm³kntäm F¶ aqe-[m-Xp-hnÂ \n¶mWv Cu ]ZwDm-b-Xv.

"t{kmX-̀ m-j-bnÂ Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡-s¸« Bi-b-§-sf, Ign-bp-¶{X Gä-¡p-d-̈ nÂ IqSm-sX-bpw, e£y-̀ m-j-bpsS Bhn-jv¡-c-W-co-Xnbv¡v CW-§p¶ coXn-bnepw e£y-̀ m-j-bnÂ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ {]b-Xv\-amWvhnhÀ¯\w' F¶v F³.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-bÀ \nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶p.

]Zm-\p-]-Z- hn-hÀ¯-\w, kzX-{ -́hn-hÀ¯-\w, hymJym-\w, ]cm-hÀ¯-\w, en]y-́ -cWw F¶n-§s\ ]e-X-c-̄ n-epÅ hnhÀ¯-\-§fpw Dv. kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym\w F¶ coXnbpw kzoI-cn¡mw ]Zm-\p-]-Z -hn-hÀ -̄\-¯nÂ t{kmXr-̀ m-j-bnse ]Z-§Ä¡p Xpey-amb ]Z-§Ä e£y-̀ m-j-bnÂ Is-̄ -Ww. cq]-Xp-ey-X-bv¡mWv{]m[m-\yw. aXw, imkv{Xw, kmt¦-XnI hnj-b-§Ä F¶n-hbv¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. kzX-{ -́hn-hÀ¯\w Bi-b-§Ä¡v IqSp-XÂ {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶p. Ihn-X, kÀ¤-kr-jvSn-IÄ F¶n-hbv¡vkzX{´hnhÀ¯-\-amWv A`n-Im-ayw. aqe-̀ m-j-bnÂ Npcp-¡n-̧ -dª Imcyw e£y-̀ m-j-bnÂ hymJym-\n¨v Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡p¶ coXn-bp-v. ]cm-hÀ¯-\-̄ nÂ hymJym-\n-¡-en-Ã. aqe-̀ m-j-bnÂ ]dª Imcy-§Ä AÀ°-hy-Xym-k-an-ÃmsX ]cm-hÀ¯-\-̄ nÂ sImp-h-cp-¶p. en]y-́ -cWw aqe-̀ m-j-bnse en]n-IÄ¡p ]Icw e£y-̀ m-j-bnseen]n-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. imkv{X-hn-j-b-§Ä¡pw aäpw en]y-́ -cWw hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-dp-v. kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym-\-̄ nÂ BZyw Imcyw kw{K-ln-¡p-¶p. AXnsâ k¯ am{Xw kzoI-cn¨v BIÀj-I-am¡nasämcp `mj-bnÂ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡p-¶p. kÀ¤-kr-jvSn-IÄ¡pw, imkv{X-Ir-Xn-IÄ¡pw Hcp-t]mse A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bm-Wn-Xv.

hnhÀ¯\w kwkv¡m-c-§-fpsS ssIamäw IqSn-bm-Wv. "kwkv¡m-c-§sf X½nÂ _Ôn-̧ n-¡p¶ ]me-amWv hnhÀ¯\w' F¶v Ck-tUmÀ ]n©Iv A`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. t{kmXr-Ir-Xn-bnse `qhn-̀ m-K-§Ä, Imem-h-Ø, ]cn-Øn-Xn, kky-þ-Po-h-Pm-e-§Ä F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ hnhÀ¯\w klm-bn-¡p-¶p. asämcpcmPys¯ kmaq-ly-_-Ô-§-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, \nb-a-§Ä, BNm-c-§Ä, k¦-ev]-§Ä Chsb ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-̄ p-¶Xpw hnhÀ¯-\-§-fm-Wv. hnhÀ¯\w kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn-epw, aäp hnÚm-\-im-J-I-fn-ep-ap-m-Ip¶]pXnb Adn-hp-IÄ ]IÀ¶p-X-cp-¶p. asämcp cmPys¯ hnizm-k-§Ä, aqey-t_m-[w, Ch DÄs¡m-Åm\pwhnhÀ¯-\-̄ n-eqsS km[n-¡pw. cp `mj-IÄ X½n-epÅ LS-\m-]-c-amb hyXym-kw, ]pXnb ssien-IÄ, hymI-c-W-]-c-amb amä-§Ä F¶n-h-bn-epÅ Adnhp \ÂIp-¶Xpw hnhÀ -̄\-§-fm-Wv. Npcp-¡-̄ nÂ a\p-jy-hÀ¤-¯nsâ GIo-I-c-W-̄ n\v Gähpw klm-bn-̈ n-«p-ÅXv hnhÀ¯-\-§-fmWv

hnhÀ¯-\-̄ nsâ Hcp imJ-bmWv A\p-I-ev]\w AYhm AUm-]vtä-j³. tdma³ bmt¡m-_vk¬A\p-I-ev]-\s¯ NnÓm-\ć hnhÀ¯\w F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p. Hcp `mj-bnÂ\n¶v asämcp `mj-bn-te-bv¡pÅhnhÀ¯-\-amWv A[n-Ihpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv. tdma³ bmt¡m-_vk¬ hnhÀ¯-\s¯ aq¶mbn hn`-Pn-¡p-¶p. C³{Sm-enw-KzÂ, CâÀ enwKzÂ, CâÀ knan-tbm-«nIv F¶n-§-s\. Htc `mj-bnÂ¯-s¶-bpÅhnhÀ¯-\-amWv C³{Sm-enw-KzÂ. \qäm-p-IÄ¡p ap¼v cNn¨ IrXn-Ifpw aäpw B[p-\n-I-̀ m-j-bn-tebv¡v samgn-amäw sN¿p¶ coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. CâÀenw-KzÂ hyXy-kvX- `m-j-IÄ X½n-epÅ hnhÀ¯-\-am-Wv. CâÀko-an-tbm-«nIv F¶ hnhÀ¯-\-im-J-bmWv A\p-I-ev]-\w. CXnÂ Hcp IrXn hyXy-kvX-amb asämcp am[y-a-̄ n-tebv¡v]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿-s -̧Sp-¶p. DZm-l-c-W-̄ n-\v, A£-c-§-fnÂ FgpXn krjvSn¨ Hcp IhnX Bem-]-\-̄ n-eqsS {imhy-I-e-bmbn cq]-s -̧Sp-¶p. D¨m-c-Ww, kwKo-Xw, `mh-ebw CsXÃmw Ihn-Xm-em-]-\-̄ nÂ {][m-\-am-Wv. B«-¡-Y-bmbn cNn¨ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS kmêyw IY-I-fn-bmbn Ac-§nÂ {]ZÀin-̧ n-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼m-gmWv. kmlnXyw F¶ am[y-a-̄ nÂ\n¶v Ie F¶ am[y-a-̄ n-te-bv¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-am-Wn-Xv. Hcp IY-tbm,kw -̀htam sSen-hn-j-\nÂ kwt{]-jWw sN¿p-t¼mÄ t{]£-Isc ap¶nÂ¡-p-sImv ]e amä-§fpw hcp-t¯-n-h-cpw. Zriy-I-e-bpsS FÃm km[y-X-Ifpw D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ mw. Nn{Xo-I-c-W-̄ n\v hnj-b-kzo-I-cWwhfsc {][m-\-am-Wv. ka-Im-enI kaq-l-̄ n\v Xmev]-cy-apÅ hnj-b-am-IWw hnZ-Kv²-amb FUn-än-§n-eqsS{][m\ `mK-§Ä {i²-bnÂ sImp-h-c-Ww. ]Ým-̄ -e-kw-Ko-Xw, Xmfw, hÀ®-ta-f\w F¶nh hnZ-Kv²-ambnD]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ -Ww. tdUntbm \mS-I-§Ä¡v {imhy-]-c-X-bmWv {][m-\w. kw`m-j-W-§Ä sshhn-[y-apÅi_vZ-§-fnÂ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡m³ {i²n-¡-Ww. \mSIw Hscmä Ah-X-c-W-¯n-eq-sS-̄ s¶ a\-Ên-em-¡m³Ignbpw hn[w efn-X-hp-am-I-Ww.


A\p-I-ev]\w 6

kn\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw X½nÂ F¡m-e¯pw _Ô-ap-v. Hcp kmln-Xy-IrXn kn\na F¶ asämcpam[y-a-̄ n-tebv¡v amäp-¶-Xn\p ap¼v ]e Imcy-§fpw {i²n-¡-Ww. Hcp IYsb Ne-̈ n-{X-am-[y-a-̄ nsâ {]tXy-I-X-IÄ DÄs¡mv amän-̧ -d-bp¶ {]{InbbmWv Xnc-¡-Y. Xnc-¡Y Ne-̈ n-{X-̄ nsâ »q{]nâm-Wv. Xnc-¡-YsbAtX-]Sn ]n´p-S-cp-¶-h-cp-v. Xnc-¡Y kz´w `mh-\-bv¡-\p-kr-X-ambn hymJym-\n¨v hnI-kn-̧ n-¡p¶ kwhn-[m-b-Icpw Dv.

A\p-I-ev]\w GXp ]pXnb am[y-a-̄ n-em-bmepw Nne s]mXp-\n-b-a-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw.Hcp IrXn A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n\v kzoI-cn-¡p-¶Xv kzoIÀ¯m-hnsâ hyànXz khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n\v F´pw kzoI-cn-¡m-sa-¶n-cns¡ Hcp {]tXyI krjvSn-tbmSv aaX tXm¶p-¶-Xnsâ]n¶nÂ XoÀ¨-bmbpw A\p-I-ev]-\-Im-csâ ]mc-¼-cyw, hmk-\, {]tXyI Xmev]cyw F¶nh Dm-I-W-a-tÃm.]ns¶ A\p-IÀ¯m-hnsâ e£yw aqe-Ir-Xn-bnÂ Xs¶ BIÀjn¨ GtXm {]tXy-I-Xþ AXv Xtâ-Xmb a«nÂhymJym-\n¨v ]pXnb a«nÂ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡-W-sa¶v A\p-I-ev]-\-¡m-c³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶p. aqe-I-Y-bpsS hyXy-kvX-amb ho£-W-am-Wn-Xv. A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ ]pXnb IYm-]m-{X-§-fpw, IYm-k-µÀ -̀§-fpw thn-h-cpw. {imhy-I-e-bn-te-bv¡mWv amä-sa-¦nÂ cmK-þ-Xm-f-§-fpsS km[yX D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ pw. Zriy-I-e-bn-tebv¡v A\p-I-ev]\wsN¿p-t¼mÄ shfn-̈ w, \nd-§Ä, Ne-\-§Ä F¶nh ]c-am-h[n {i²n-bv¡pw. cwK-I-e-bm-sW-¦nÂ t{]£-Isâa\-Êns\ BIÀjn-¡m-\pÅ hn`-h-§Ä Hcp-¡pw.

A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n-\pÅ {ia-§Ä F¡m-e¯pw Dm-bn-«p-v. ]pcm-W-I-Y-I-fnÂ\n-¶mWv XpS-¡w.]pcm-W-§-fnÂ Xs¶ BIÀjn¨ IY-IÄ hàm-¡Ä ]d-bm-\mbn Xncsª-Sp-¯p. XoÀ¨-bmbpw tIÄhn-¡m-cpsS {i² \ne-\nÀ¯m³ th D]m-b-§Ä A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ kzoI-cn-̈ n-cn-¡mw. Iq¯v, IqSn-bm-«w, ]mTIwF¶o {]mNo-\-I-e-I-fn-seÃmw A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n\v {i²m-]qÀÆw kzoI-cn¨ LS-I-§Ä Is-̄ mw. ]nÂ¡m-e-̄ v,IrjvW-\m-«w, cma-\m-«w, IY-I-fn, Hm«³Xp-ÅÂ Ch-bn-seÃmw t{]£-Is\ ap¶nÂ¡-p-sIm-pÅ kaÀ°-amb LS-I-§Ä tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xv ImWmw. kn\n-a-bpsS Ime¯v A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ km[y-X-IÄ _lp-ap-J-am-bn. kmln-Xy-̄ nepw A\p-I-ev]\w shÃp-hn-fn-bm-bn. A\p-I-ev]-\-§-fpsS ]n¶nÂ hyà-amb e£y-§fpwsXfn-ªp-h-¶p.

hnPbw t\Snb Nne A\p-I-ev]-\-§-sf-bmWv \mw ChnsS ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. \f-N-cn-Xw, XpÅÂ, \f-N-cnXw B«-¡Y Ch X½n-epÅ Xmc-X-ay-̄ n-eqsS cp am[y-a-§-fn-te-bv¡pÅ amäw F§s\ ^e-{]-Z-ambnF¶p ]Tn-bv¡mw. `mc-X-I-Y-bpsS cp-X-c-̄ n-epÅ hymJym-\-amWv "C\n Rm\p-d-§s«' F¶ t\mhepw `mc-X-]-cy-S-\hpw amen `mc-X-hpw. Xncp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-csâ imIp-́ -f-hn-hÀ¯\w aäp hnhÀ¯-\-§-fnÂ \n¶vhyXy-kvX-am-b-sX-§s\ F¶p ]Tn-bv¡mw. cmam-b-W-IY e¦m-e£van F¶ \mS-I-am-b-t¸mÄ hcp-̄ nb amä-§Ä t\m¡n a\-Ên-em-¡mw. 'C¶-es¯ ag' F¶ t\mh-epw, Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp-̧ v, sshtem-̧ n-Ån, hnP-b-e£vanF¶n-h-cpsS Ihn-X-Ifpw Htc sFXnlyw ssIImcyw sNbvX coXn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡mw. AtX IY "s]cp-́ -¨³' F¶ kn\n-a-bnÂ hyXy-kvX-amb hymJym-\-̄ n\v hnt[-b-am-Ip-¶p.

CtXm-sSm¸w BJym-\, Zriy-X-{ -́§-fnÂ hnZ-Kv²-cmb ZkvX-tb-hkv¡n ]ß-cm-P³, A¡ntdm Ipd-tkmh F¶n-h-cpsS krjvSn-I-sfbpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. `mj-bp-sSbpw Iem-km-ln-Xy-§-fp-sSbpwX\Xp kzcq-]-§-sf-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ [mcW Dm-¡-emWv Cu ]T-\-̄ nsâ e£yw.

B«-{]-Im-c-hpw, {Ia-Zo-]n-IbpwkwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-§Ä Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thnbpÅ hni-Z-amb \nÀt±-i-§-fmWv B«-{]-Im-c-hpw,

{Ia-Zo-]n-I-bpw. Hmtcm \mS-I-̄ n\pw {]tXy-I-ambn Fgp-Xn-sh-̈ n-cp¶ {KÙ-§Ä NmIym-·m-cpsS hoSp-I-fnÂkq£n-̈ n-cp-¶p. A`n-\-b-{]-Imcw hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv B«-{]-Im-c-̄ n-em-Wv. {Ia-Zo-]n-I-bnÂ \mS-Im-`n-\-b-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb {Iaw, cwK¯p \S-t¯ NS-§p-IÄ, thj-̀ q-jm-Zn-IÄ, Ah AWn-tb hn[w F¶nh {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p. Fhn-sS-sbÃm GXp Xc-̄ nÂ kwkm-cn-¡-Wwþ hn¡p-I, sImªp-Iþ F¶n-§-s\þ ico-c-̀ m-j-bn-Âhcp-t¯ {]tXy-I-X-IÄ, A\p-jvTn-t¡ NS§p-IÄ Chbpw {Ia-Zo-]n-I-bn-ep-m-hpw.

B«-{]-Im-c-§fpw {Ia-Zo-]n-I-Ifpw X¿m-dm-¡n-bXv tXme-\m-sW-¶mWv hnizm-kw. ]e ImeL-«-§-fn-embn ]ecpw X¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xm-Imw. IqSn-bm«w Ipe-s¯m-gn-em-¡nb NmIym-·mÀ B«-{]-Im-c-̄ n-se-bpw, {Ia-Zo-]n-I-bn-sebpw \nÀt±-i-§Ä sXän-bv¡msX A\p-k-cn-̈ p-t]m-¶p.

Ipe-ti-J-c-hw-i-Øm-]-I-\mb Ipe-ti-J-c-hÀ½-bpw, At±-l-̄ nsâ kZ-Ênse hnZq-j-I-\mb tXme\pwtNÀ¶mWv IqSn-bm-«-̄ nse A`n-\b k{¼-Zmbw Nn«-s¸-Sp-̄ n-b-Xv F¶mWv sFXn-lyw. BwKn-Iw, kmXzn-Iw,Blm-cyw, hmNnIw F¶n-§s\ NXpÀÆn-[m-̀ n-\-b-§Ä¡pw th \nÀt±-i-§Ä B«-{]-Im-c-̄ n-epw, {Ia-Zo-]n-I-bnepw Dv. \mSyw, \r¯w, KoXw, hmZyw F¶o \mSyw-K-§fpw tNÀ¯v \mS-Im-̀ n-\-b-̄ n\v sImgp¸p Iq«p-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 7

apcm-cn-bpsS A\ÀL-cm-L-hw, `h-̀ -qXn-bpsS D¯-c-cm-a-N-cn-Xw, alm-ho-c-N-cnXw XpS-§nb kp{]-kn²\mS-I-§Ä IqSn-bm-«-̄ n\v kzoI-cn-̈ n-cp-¶n-Ã. X]-Xo-kw-h-c-Ww, kp`-{Zm-[-\-RvP-bw, kz]v\-hm-k-h-Z-̄ w, {]Xn-Úm-bu-K-Ô-cm-b-Ww, ZqX-L-tSmÂ¡-Nw, \mKm-\-µw, _me-N-cnXw XpS-§n-b-h-bpw, Ieym-W-ku-K-ÔnIhymtbm-K-hpw, a¯hn-em-kw, `K-h-Z-ÖpIw F¶o {]l-k-\-§-fp-amWv IqSn-bm-«-¯n\v kzoI-cn-̈ n-cp-¶-Xv. iàn--̀{Zsâ BÝ-cy-Nq-Um-aWn tIc-f-̄ nÂ IqSp-XÂ thZn-I-fnÂ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p.

]pcm-W-I-Y-I-fpsS Zriym-hn-jv¡m-c-̄ n\v NmIym-·mÀ kzoI-cn¨ am\-Z-Þ-§Ä hyà-am-Wv. thj-̀ q-jm-Zn-IÄ sImv \Ssâ cq]w A`n-\-b-̄ n\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-¡p-I, BwKn-I-̄ n-epw, hmNn-I-̄ nepw {]I-S\whyà-hpw, \mSy-[À½n-bp-am-¡pI F¶o Imcy-§Ä \njv¡Àjn-̈ n-cp-¶p. Hmtcm hm¡pw hyà-ambn D¨-cn-¡p-I,BhÀ¯n¨v AÀ°-t_m[w Df-hm-¡pI F¶nh {][m-\-am-Wv. kwkvIr-X-tÇm-I-§-fnse `mh-s¯bpw AÀ°-s¯bpw A\p-I-cn¨v hnZq-j-I³ \¼ym´an-gnÂ tÇmI-§Ä Dm-¡n-s¨m-Ãpw. CXp-hgn kZ-Êns\ hnt\m-Zn-̧ n-¡m³ Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. kmXzn-Im-̀ n-\-b-̄ n\v FÃm hn[ \nÀt±-i-§fpw B«-{]-Im-c-̄ nÂ \ÂIp-¶p-v. I®v,]pcn-Iw, Ihn-fp-IÄ, Npv Ch-bpsS Ne-\-§Ä `mhm-̀ n-\-b-̄ nÂ {][m-\-am-Wv. ap¶nÂ I¯n-̈ p-sh¨ \ne-hn-f-¡nsâ {]Im-i-̄ nÂ hyà-amIpw hn[w `mhm-̀ n-\bw km[n-¡-Ww. temI-[À½n-bmb A`n-\-b-a-Ã, \mSy-[À½n-bmb A`n-\-b-amWv {][m-\w. AXn\v \Ã ]cn-io-e\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. IY-I-fn-bnse Cf-In-bm«w t]mse \S\vkz -́ambn A`n-\-bn¨p tNÀ¡m-\pÅ `mK-§fpw IqSn-bm-«-̄ nÂ Dm-Ipw. Hmtcm \S-sâbpw Ign-hp-IÄ hne-bn-cp-̄ m³ Cu `mK-§Ä klm-bn-¡p-¶p.

IqSn-bm-«-̄ nse ]e cwK-§fpw AÛp-X-I-c-am-¡m-\pÅ \nÀt±-i-§-fp-ap-v. ]d-¡pw-Iq-̄ v, HgpIpwIq¯v, \nWw F¶n-§s\ AÛp-X-¡m-gvN-IÄ Hcp¡n kZ-Êns\ ckn-̧ n-¡m-\pÅ \nÀt±-i-§fpw {Ia-Zo-]n-I-bn-ep-v.


A\p-I-ev]\w 8

bqWn-äv þ cv

XpÅÂ, B«-¡-Y cwKm-h-X-cWw F¶ \ne-bnÂXpÅ-epw, B«-¡-Ybpw tIc-f-̄ nsâ kz´w cwK-I-e-I-fm-Wv.

XpÅÂ Htc kabw Zriy-I-e-bpw, kmln-Xy-I-e-bp-am-Ip-¶p. Hcp Ime-L-«-̄ nÂ kmaq-ln-I-hn-aÀi-\-¯n-\pÅ thZnbpw XpÅ-em-bn-cp-¶p. ^yqU-enÌv hyh-Øn-Xn-bnÂ cmPm-¡-·m-cpw, \mSp-hm-gn-I-fpw ssZh-Xp-ey-cm-bn-cp-¶p. km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v Ahsc hnaÀin-¡m³ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Iq¯v, IqSn-bm-«w, XpÅÂ F¶n-h-bpsS thZn-IÄ B ZuXyw Gsä-Sp-̄ p. Ie-bp-sS-bpw, Iem-Im-c-sâbpw km[y-X-I-f-{Xbpw Ip©³\-¼ymÀ{]tbm-P-\-s -̧Sp-̄ n. ^en-X-hpw, ]cn-lm-khpw am[y-a-§-fmbn kzoI-cn-̈ p. kaq-l-̄ nsâ PoÀ®-X-IÄ Xpd-¶p-Im-«n. \mSp-hm-gn-I-fpsS Al-¦m-chpw IqsS IqSp-¶-h-cpsS D]-Pm-]-§-fpw, Xncp-apÂtk-h-bpw, I¨-h-S-¡m-cpsS Aan-X-amb BÀ¯nbpw \¼ymÀ FSp-s¯-Sp¯v ]d-ªp. aZy-]m-\-hpw, kv{Xotk-hbpw aqew DÅ-sXÃmwIf-ªv, Bbp-[-§Ät]mepw ]W-bw-sh¨v Ign-bp¶ kaq-l-̄ nse hen-sbmcp hn`m-Ks¯ hnaÀin-̈ p. ]c-tZin {_mÒ-WÀ, sshZy-·mÀ, tPymÕy-·mÀ, a{´-hm-Zn-IÄ F¶n-§s\ kaq-ls¯ NqjWw sN¿p¶ ]e-scbpw At±lw Xpd-¶p-Im-«n.

]pcm-W-§-fnÂ \n¶mWv \¼ymÀ IY-IÄ kzoI-cn-̈ -Xv. \¼ym-cpsS kZ-Ên\v ]pXnb IY-IÄ s]s«¶va\-Ên-em¡nsbSp-¡m-\pÅ Zriy-t_m[w hfÀ¶n-cp-¶n-Ã. am{X-a-Ã, A¼-e-§-fnÂ Ac-t§-td Iebv¡v ]pcm-W-§-fm-WtÃm A\p-tbmPyw. ]pcm-W-I-Y-Isf ]s£ At±lw kz´w a®nÂ ]dn-̈ p-\-«p. thj-̄ n-epw, `mj-bn-epw, `qj-W-§-fnepw, {]hr-̄ n-I-fnepw ]pcm-W-\m-b-I³amÀ tIc-fo-b-cm-bn. [mcmfw D]-I-Y-IÄ tNÀ¯vtIc-fo-b-amb A´-co£w krjvSn-̈ p.

]S-bWn F¶ Iem-cq-]s¯ ]cn-jv¡-cn-̈ mWv Ip©³\-¼ymÀ XpÅ-ep-IÄ Nn«-s -̧Sp-̄ n-b-Xv. Hm«³,ioX-¦³, ]d-b³ F¶n-§s\ aq¶p coXn-I-fm¡n XpÅ-ep-IÄ¡v hyXy-kvX-amb thj-hpw, hr -̄hpw, CuWhpw\ÂIn. B«w, ]m«v, \mSyw F¶o aq¶p coXn-I-sfbpw ka-\z-bn-̈ p.

]Z-kzm-[o-\X sImv \¼ymÀ Xsâ kZ-Êns\ A¼-c-̧ n-̈ p. Ipcp-t¯m-e, ]mf, Icn, Np®m-¼v,aªÄ F¶n-§s\ \mS³ hn`-h-§Ä Xs¶ thj-§Ä¡v sImgp¸v \ÂIn. tN§n-e, Ce-̄ mfw F¶n-§s\hmtZym-]-I-c-W-§fpw efn-X-am-Wv.

XpÅ-en\v B[p-\n-I-Im-e¯pw {]Nm-c-ap-v. P\-Io-b-Ie F¶ \ne-bnÂ kaqlw XpÅ-ens\ kÀÆm-ß\m AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. thjw efn-Xw, Nph-Sp-IÄ NSp-ew, hmtZym-]-I-c-W-§Ä ]cn-an-Xwþ BÀ¡pw Xmc-X-tay\thK-̄ nÂ XpÅÂ ]Tn-s¨-Sp-¡mw. Hcp Zriy-I-e-bv¡p-th FÃm kq{X-§fpw \¼ymÀ ]t XpÅ-ep-I-fnÂHcp-¡n-sh-̈ n-«p-v.

B«-¡-Y-I-fpsS Zriym-hn-jv¡mcw

B«-¡-Y-I-fpsS Zriym-hn-jv¡m-c-amb IY-Ifn ]v A¼-e-§-fn-epw, sIm«m-c-§-fn-ep-sams¡ Ac-t§-dp¶ Ie-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]pcm-W-I-Y-IÄ kzoI-cn¨v kwkvIr-X-tÇm-I-§-fnÂ Nn«-s¸-Sp-̄ p¶ coXn-bmWv B«-¡-Y-I-fp-tS-Xv. Ch ]n¶-Wn-bnÂ ]mSpw. XpSÀ¶v A`n-\-bn-t¡ `mK-§Ä ]Ã-hn, A\p-]-Ã-hn, NcWw F¶ {Ia-¯nÂ kwKo-X-`w-Kn-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡pw. Ch aWn-{]-hm-f-̄ n-tem, A]qÀÆ-ambn ae-bm-f-̄ ntem cNn-̈ n-cn-¡pw.

IY-Ifn kmt¦-Xn-I-amb A\-h[n Nn«-I-fpÅ Iem-cq-]-am-Wv. irwKm-c-hpw, hochpw apJy-c-k-ambnAwKo-I-cn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]¨, I¯n, Icn, XmSn, an\p¡v F¶o thj hn`-P-\-¯n\pw Nn«-I-fp-v. kv{XoIÄ,Ejn-amÀ, {_mÒ-WÀ F¶n-hÀ¡mWv "an\p¡v'. \mb-I³, D]-\m-b-I³ F¶n-hÀ¡v "]¨'. {]tXyI Inco-ShpwDm-bn-cn-¡pw. {]Xn-\m-b-Isâ thj-amWv I¯n. "XmSn' Nph-̧ pw, shÅbpw Dv. \oN-I-Ym-]m-{X-§Ä¡vthjw "Icn'. thj-hn-[m-\-¯n-epÅ Cu \nÀt±-i-§sf "Blmcyw' F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

IY-I-fn-bnse "BwKnI'¯n\pw hyà-amb kmt¦-Xn-I-Xz-ap-v. cp ssIsIm-pw, hnc-ep-IÄsImpw ]e-hn-[-̄ n-epÅ Ne-\-§-fn-eqsS ssIap-{Z-IÄ cq]-s¸-Sp-̄ -Ww. Hmtcm ap{Zbpw Hcp {]tXyI kqN-\-bm-Wv. \r¯¯nse-¶-t]mse ssIap-{Z-IÄ ]Tn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ A`ymkw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

IY-I-fn-bnse kmXzn-Im-̀ n-\-b-̄ n\v I®v, Npp-IÄ, IhnÄ F¶n-§s\ FÃm apJ-t]-in-IfpwA`ymkw sImv hcp-Xn-bn-em-¡n-sb-Sp-¡pw. 'sNmÃn-bm«w' IY-I-fn-̧ -Z-̄ n\v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. "Cf-In-bm«'¯nÂ IY-Ifn \S\v kz[À½w t]mse NneXv A`n-\-bn-¡mw.

hmNn-Iw, BwKn-Iw, Blm-cyw, kmXznIw F¶n-h-bn-seÃmw {i²n-̈ mte B«-¡Y IY-I-fn-cw-K¯v hnP-b-am-bn-̄ o-cq. irwKm-c-̄ n-\pw, hoc-̄ n\pw {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶-Xp-sImv an¡ B«-¡-Y-I-fnepw DZym-\-cw-Kw,t]mcn-\pÅ hnfn, KÀÖ-\w, \nWw XpS-§nb cwK-§Ä DÄs¡m-Ån-̈ n-cn-¡pw.


A\p-I-ev]\w 9

IY-Ifn kwKo-X-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xp-sImv `mh-̄ n-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb At\Iw cmK-§Ä B«-¡-Y-bnÂ kzoI-cn-¡mw. ba-Iw, A\p-{]m-kw, A´y-£-c-{]mkw F¶nh {imhy-kpJw \ÂIpw. IY-I-fn-bnse sN-bv¡pw,Ce-̄ m-f-̄ n\pw tbmPn-¡p¶ hn[w i_vZ-hn-\ymkw ]Z-§-fnÂ Fgp-Xn-t¨À¡mw. IÀ®m-S-I-kw-Ko-X-̄ nseFÃm cmK-§-fpw, Ahbv¡p ]pdsa X\n tIc-fo-b-amb cmK-§fpw B«-¡-Ym-Im-c-·mÀ kzoI-cn-̈ n-«p-v. NSp-e-amb cmK-§-fpw, aµ-Xm-f-§fpw amdn-amdn kzoI-cn¨v `mh-k-ao-I-cWw km[y-am-¡p-¶p.

cwKm-h-X-c-W-Ie F¶ \ne-bnÂ IY-I-fnbv¡v XnIª \mS-Io-b-Xbpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hmtcm cwKhpwkzbw k¼qÀ®-am-I-Ww. ASp¯ cwK-t¯mSv kzm`m-hn-I-ambn sN¶p-tN-c-Ww. ImWn-I-fnÂ AÛp-X-ckwhfÀ¯-Ww.

Iq¯pw IqSn-bm-«hpw

{]mNo-\-tI-c-f-̄ nse {][m-\-s¸« Ie-I-fn-sem-¶m-bn-cp¶p NmIymÀIq-̄ v. NmIymÀ kap-Zm-b-¯nÂs¸«hÀ t£{X-§-fnÂ sh¨p am{Xw \S-̄ p¶ Iem-cq-]-am-bn-cp¶p NmIymÀIq-̄ v. NmIymÀIq-̄ n\v\mS-Im-̀ n-\-b-sa-¶pw, IYm-{]-kw-K-sa¶pw {][m-\-ambn cp hn`m-K-ap-v. a{´mwKw Iq¯v, AwKp-en-bmwKwIq¯v, a -̄hn-emkw Iq¯v, ]d¡pw Iq¯v F¶nh \mSIw Xs¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p. H¶n-e-[nIw t]À tNÀ¶v A`n-\-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ IqSn-bm-«-am-bn. NmIym-cpsS IYm-{]-kwKw GIm-̀ n-\-b-am-Wv.

NmIymÀIq-̄ nÂ, A`n-\-b-¯n\v NmIymÀ, sIm«p-hm³ \¼ymÀ, ]mSp-hm³ \§ymÀ F¶-XmWv {Iaw.\§ymÀ¡v \mbn-Im-thjw kzoI-cn-¡mw. kZ-kyÀ¡v IYm-]-cn-Nbw hcp-̄ p-¶Xv \¼ym-cm-Wv. angm-hv, Ipgn-Xm-fw, CS-bv¡, IpgÂ, iwJv F¶n-h-bmWv hmtZym-]-I-c-W-§Ä. NmIymÀ ]pcm-W-I-Ym-{]-kw-K-amWv \S-̄ p-¶-sX-¦nÂ FÃm IYm-]m-{X-§-fmbpw amdn-amdn A`n-\-bn-¡pw. kw`hw Ip-\nÂ¡p-¶-h-cpsS {]Xn-I-c-WhpwA`n-\-bn¨p ImWn-bv¡pw. kZ-Ênse Nnesc IYm-]m-{X-§-fmbn k¦-ev]n¨v t\cn«v kwkm-cn-¡pw. IYm-k-µÀ -̀§sf ka-Im-en-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡pw. Iq«-̄ nÂ kmaq-ly-hn-aÀi-\-̄ n-\pw, lmky-̄ n-\pw, ]cn-lm-k-̄ n\pwAh-k-c-ap-m-¡pw.

\mSIw t]mse Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡p¶ IqSn-bm-«-̄ nÂ Hc-\p-jvTm-\-I-e-bpsS \nb-a-§Ä ]men-t¡--Xp-m-bn-cp-¶p. Ipe-hm-g, Ipcp-t¯m-e, Cf-\oÀ¡p-e, \nd-]-d, \ne-hn-f¡v FÃmw t£{Xm-¦-W-̄ nÂ Hcp-¡pw.Iq¯n\v {]tXy-I-amb Iq¯-¼-e-§Ä ]e t£{X-§-fnepw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. t£{X-̄ n-\-Sp-̄ pÅ ]d-t¼m,hbtem sN¯n hr¯n-bm¡n IqSn-bm-«-̄ n-\pÅ thZn Hcp-¡pw. \mKm-\-µ-̄ nse Hc¦w ]d¡pw Iq¯mbnA`n-\-bn-¡m³ {]tXyI kÖo-I-c-W-§Ä thWw. Adp-]-̄ n-\mep tImÂ Db-c-̄ n-epÅ Hcp X«-̄ nÂ \n¶vKcp-U-\mbn NmIymÀ ]d-¶n-d-§p-¶Xv ImWn-bv¡pw. X]Xo kwh-c-W-̄ nÂ \mbnI ]pg-bnÂ NmSn Hgp-In-t¸m-Ip-¶Xv \qep-I-fpsS klm-b-̄ mÂ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡pw. kp`-{Zm-[-\-RvP-b-̄ nÂ \mbnI BIm-i¯p \n¶v]Xn-bv¡p-I-bm-Wv. iqÀ¸-WJ \nW-a-Wn-bp-¶-Xmbn ImWn-bv¡pw. CXn-s\ms¡ IrXy-amb \nÀt±-i-§fpwhn[n-Ifpw ]men-t¡--Xp-v.

hgn-]m-tSm, t\À¨tbm Bbn Iq¯nse Nne `mK-§Ä A`n-\-bn-bv¡pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-¶p. ]d-¡qw-Iq¯v A`n-\-bn-¡m-sa¶v t\À¶-hÀ ]pd¯v Ccp-¼p-sIm-fp¯p Ib-än, I¸n-bp-sS-bpw, Ib-dn-sâbpw klm-b-t¯msS ]d-¶p-b-cp-¶-Xmbn ImWn-¡-Ww. ]Ww sImSp¯v ]Icw Hcmsf sh¨mepw aXn. a{´mwKw Iq¯v,AwKp-eo-bmwKw Iq¯v, a¯-hn-emkw Iq¯v, \§ymÀIq¯v Ch-sbÃmw hgn-]m-Smbn \S-̄ n-bn-cp-¶p.

B«-{]-Im-chpw {Ia-Zo-]n-Ibpw

B«-{]-Im-c-sa-¶pw, {Ia-Zo-]n-I-sb¶pw Xan-sg¶pw t]cnÂ IqSn-bm-«-̄ nsâ D]-tbm-K-̄ n\p thnDm-¡nb aq¶n\w {KÙ-§-fp-v. Ah NmIym-·m-cp-sSbpw \¼ym-·m-cp-sSbpw Krl-§-fnÂ kq£n-̈ p-sh-̈ n-cp-¶p. ]eXpw \in-̈ p-t]m-bn.

B«-{]-Im-c-§-fnÂ Iq¯pw, IqSn-bm-«hpw A`n-\-bn-t¡ hn[w \nÀt±-in-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. hmNn-Iw, BwKn-Iw, kmXzn-Iw, Blmcyw F¶n-§s\ A`n-\bw \mep-hn-[w. Iq¯nse KZy-§-fpw, ]Zy-§fpw DNn-X-ambnsNmÃp-¶-XmWv hmNn-Im-̀ n-\-bw. incÊp apXÂ ]mZw-h-sc-bpÅ FÃm {][m\ `mK-§-fpw, ]pcn-Iw, I¬t]mfapX-emb D]mw-K-§fpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v BwKn-Im-̀ n-\bw \nÀÆ-ln-¡-Ww. thj-hn-[m-\-hpw, cwK-]-cn-jvI-c-WhpwtNÀ¶-XmWv Blm-cyw. ck-̀ m-h-§-fpsS DNn-X-amb Bhn-jv¡m-c-amWv kmXzn-Iw. CtXmsSm¸w \r¯w,hmZyw, KoXw Ch IqSn tNÀ¶mÂ \mS-Im-̀ n-\-b-ambn. kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-§-tfm, Ah-bnÂ Nne `mK-§tfmIqSn-bm-«-ambn Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡m-\pÅ hyà-amb \nÀt±-i-§Ä B«-{]-Im-c-§-fn-ep-v.

KZy-am-bmepw ]Zy-am-bmepw hfsc kmh-[m-\-̄ n-epw, {]tXyIw kzc-̄ nepw NmIymÀ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡-Ww.kZ-Ên-epÅ FÃm-hÀ¡pw AÀ°-t_m[w Dm-¡m-\mWv Cu coXn \nÀt±-in-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. kwkvIrX \mS-I-


A\p-I-ev]\w 10

§-fnÂ kwkvIr-X-̄ n-epw, {]mIr-X-̄ n-ep-apÅ `mK-§-fp-m-Ipw. ae-bm-f-hpw, {]mIr-X-amb ae-bm-fhpw IqSnNmIym-·mÀ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-dp-v. ]Zy-§Ä ]e cmK-̄ nÂ sNmÃ-Ww. cm£-k-·m-cpsS irwKmc kw`m-jWw "apÍ' cmK-̄ nÂ, {iocm-asâ tÇmI-§Ä "apc-fo-µf' cmK-̄ nÂ, hm\-c-·mÀ¡v Imc-¡p-dpªn cmKwF¶n-§s\ ]e hyh-Ø-I-fp-ap-v. hÀj-¡m-ew, hk-́ w, kÔy F¶nh hÀ®n-bv¡p¶ tÇmI-§Ä¡pw{]tXyI cmK-§-fp-v. kv{XoI-fpw, ]pcp-j-·m-cpw, hm\-c-·m-cpw, cm£-k-·mcpw kwkm-cn-bv¡p-¶n-S¯v [z\n-t -̀Zhpw \nÀt±-in-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]gb ae-bm-f-̄ n-epw, ae-bm-f-̄ nsâ {]mIr-X-amb cq]-̄ nepw kw`m-j-W-§-fp-v. Ah AtX-]Sn ]d-b-Ww.

BwKn-Im-̀ n-\-b-̄ n\v hyà-amb \nÀt±-i-§-fp-v. _men-h[w \nÀÆ-ln¨ {iocm-as\ kp{Ko-h³ h¶pImWp¶ cwKw C§-s\-bmWv. angm-hv, iwJv, CS-bv¡, Ipdpw-Ip-gÂ, Ipgn-Xmfw F¶o ]©-hmZyw apg-¡-Ww.thj-̀ q-j-IÄ [cn¨ kp{Ko-h³ ssI cpw apjvSn-Np-cp«n amd¯p ]nW-̈ p-sh¨v Xmf-sam-̧ n¨v hm\-c-s\-t¸mse Nm«w NmSn {]th-in-¡-Ww. hnf-¡n\p ap¶n-se-̄ n-bmÂ ac-s¡m¼p ]nSn¨p Ipep-¡p-I. NnÃ-I-fnÂ\n¶vCe-IÄ Ducp-I, Zwjv{S-IÄ ImWn-¡p-I, Iq¡p-I, sNmdn-bp-I, hmep]nSn¨p aW-¡pI F¶n-§s\ hm\-c-kvtXm`w A`n-\-bn-¡-Ww. kp{Ko-h\v C¶ Xc-̄ nÂ ssIIÄ ]nSn-¡-Ww. _menbv¡v C¶ Xc-̄ nÂ F¶n-§s\ t]mepw \nb-a-§-fp-v. kp{Ko-h³ t\m¡n-¡m-Wp¶ Xc-̄ nÂ {iocm-asâ tIim-Zn-]m-Z-hÀ®-\-bp-v.

BZyw km[m-c-W-co-Xn-bnÂ hmIyw sNmÃn A`n-\-bn-¡p-I, cm-aXv sNmÃmsX AÀ°-am-Sp-I, aq¶m-aXv A\z-b-{I-a-̄ nÂ hm¡p-̈ -cn¨v A`n-\-bn-¡p-I, \mem-aXv A\z-bmÀ°hpw hymJym-\hpw A`n-\-bn-¡p-IþCXmWv Iq¯nsâ {Iaw. GXp tÇmI-̄ n-sâbpw AÀ°w icn¡pw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Cu coXn klm-bn-¡pw.

NmIymÀIq-̄ nÂ ip²-a-e-bmfw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv hnZq-j-I-\m-Wv. \mb-I-t\m, \mbn-Itbm HcpImcyw ]d-bp-t¼mÄ hnZq-j-I³ "F´mWv tXmgÀ-þ-A-sÃ-¦nÂ X{X-̀ -h-Xnþ ]d-ªXv' F¶v tNmZn-¡pw. hnZq-j-I³ B hmIyw BhÀ¯n¨v hymJym-\n-bv¡m³ XpS-§pw. hymJym-\-̄ nÂ [mcmfw lmkyw IeÀ¯pw. \mb-I³ sNmÃp¶ tÇmI-§Ä¡v {]Xn-tÇm-I-§Ä Xam-i-bmbn sNmÃp¶ ]Xn-hp-ap-v. tXme-a-lm-I-hn-bmWv hnZq-j-I-tÇm-I-§Ä ]eXpw cNn-̈ -Xv. ]pcp-jmÀ°-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p ]d-bp¶ hnZq-j-I³ {_mÒ-W-cpsS [À½-̄ nÂh¶ A]-N-b-s¯-¡p-dn¨v kqNn-̧ n-bv¡m-dp-v.

IqSn-bm-«-̄ nse \mbn-I-bpsS `mKw A`n-\-bn-¡p-¶Xv \§ym-cm-Wv. "AtÃ kJn-IÄ, \n§Ä Fs¶Ae-¦-cn-̈ mepw' F¶v BZyw ImWn-bv¡pw. XpSÀ¶v Xe-apSn sI«-gn¨p hIªv thÀs]-Sp¯n ]q¡Ä NqSn¨pame tNÀ¯p sI«n¨v hmk-\-ss¯ew ]pc«n an\p-¡n, Af-I-§Ä HXp¡n hr¯n-bm¡n koa-́ -tc-J-bnÂ knµq-c-s¸m-Sn-bn-SpI F¶n-§s\ hnkvX-cn¨v A`n-\-bn-¡pw. Hmtcm AwK-§fpw Ae-¦-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWn-¡pw.XpSÀ¶v \mbn-I-bpsS kuµ-cy-̄ nÂ {`an¨v hp-IÄ ]q¡Ä shSnªv ]d-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xmbn tÇmIw sNmÃnA`n-\-bn-¡pw.

C¯-c-̄ nÂ B«-{]-Imcw, {Ia-Zo-]nI F¶o {KÙ-§-fnÂ Iq¯n-\pw, IqSn-bm-«-¯n\pw th hni-Z-amb \nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p. t£{Xm-¦-W-̄ nÂ H¯p-Iq-Sp¶ t{]£-IÀ ]e Xc-¡m-cm-Wv. kwkvIrX]Þn-X-·m-cpw, {]i-kvX-amb \mS-I-§Ä ]Tn-̈ -hcpw Dm-Ipw. t£{X-I-e-IÄ Ipw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXpwckn-bv¡p-¶-hÀ A¼-e-̄ nÂ H¯p-Iq-Spw. AtX-k-abw kwkvIr-X-tÇmIw tI«mÂ a\-Ên-em-hm¯ km[m-c-W-¡mcpw Dm-Ipw. cp-Iq-«-scbpw Hcp-t]mse ckn-̧ n-¡m-\mWv B«-{]-Im-c-̄ nsâ {iaw. tÇmI-§Ä hfschnkvX-cn¨v D¨-cn-¡-bpw, Hmtcm `mK-ambn A`n-\-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-hm-\mWv \nÀt±-iw. \§ym-cpsS Ae-¦m-c-§-fpw, hnZq-j-Isâ lmkyhpw tNcp-t¼mÄ Zriy-I-ebv¡v Bkzm-ZyX IqSpw. kZ-Ênse hyàn-I-sf-¡qSn ]s¦-Sp-̧ n-¡p¶ coXn-bp-ap-v. ka-Im-enI kaq-ls¯ hnaÀin-¡p-I-bpw, lmkyw IeÀ¯n Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡bpwsN¿p¶ k{¼-Zmbw NmIymÀIq-̄ ns\ XnI¨pw Bkzm-Zy-am-¡n. ]nÂ¡m-e¯v Ip©³\-¼ymÀ CtX coXn]n´p-SÀ¶-Xmbn ImWmw.

]pcm-W-I-Y-I-fpsS A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n\v NmIym-·mÀ Ah-ew-_n¨ coXn-IÄ \qäm-p-IÄ¡p ap¼v Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xm-Wv. Imes¯ AXn-Po-hn-̈ p-sImv Cu k{¼-Zm-b-§Ä AhÀ \njv¡Àj-tbmsS ]n´p-SÀ¶p. B«-{]-Im-c-̄ n-se-bpw, {Ia-Zo-]n-I-bn-tebpw \nÀt±-i-§Ä¡v Iem-tem-I-̄ nÂ C¶pw {]k-àn-bp-v.

]mTIw

t£{X-§-fnÂ ]pcm-W-I-Ym-{]-kwKw \S¯n P\-§sf ckn-̧ n-¡p-I-bpw, t_m[-hÂ¡-cn-¡p-IbpwsN¿p¶ ]Xnhv ]t Dm-bn-cp-¶p. NmIym-·m-cpsS IYm-{]-kw-Ks¯ A\p-I-cn¨v \¼ym-·mcpw aäv A¼-e-hm-kn-Ifpw \S-̄ n-bn-cp¶ ]pcm-W-{]-̀ m-j-W-amWv ]mT-Iw. ]mT-I-¡m-c³ Xe-bnÂ Nph¶ apSn shbv¡pw.Ac-bnÂ apn\p aosX ]«p-Np-äpw. s\än-bnÂ Ipdn-bpw, Igp-̄ nÂ ame-I-fp-ap-m-Ipw. NmIymÀIq-̄ nse]cn-lm-k-hpw, Bsf Nqn ]d-bepw ]mT-I-̄ n-en-Ã. ]pcm-W-I-Y-IÄ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v hnh-cn-̈ p-sIm-Sp-¡-emWv e£yw.


A\p-I-ev]\w 11

\f-N-cnXw XpÅÂ-Ip©³\¼ymÀ

\tfm]mJym\w alm-̀ m-c-X-¯nse Hcp D]-I-Y-bm-Wv. _rl-Z-iz-ap\n h\-]ÀÆ-̄ nÂ ]mÞ-hÀ¡v\fsâ IY ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. NqXp-I-fn-bpsS tZmj-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ \f³ A\p-̀ -hn¨ ZpxJ-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-¶p. FÃmw \jvS-s¸-s«-¦nepw ssZhm-\p-{Klw sImv \f\v cmPy-hpw, k¼¯pw, ]Xv\o-ku-`m-Kyhpw Xncn-̈ p-In-«n. CXp-t]mse ]mÞ-hÀ¡pw \jvS-s¸-«-sXms¡ Xncn-̈ p-]n-Snbv¡mw F¶ kqN\ \tfm-]m-Jym-\-̄ n-ep-v.

Ip©³\-¼ymÀ alm-̀ m-c-X-¯nse ]e IY-Ifpw XpÅ-en-\p-thn A\p-I-ev]\w sNbvXn-«p-v. Ieym-W-ku-K-Ôn-Iw, Incm-Xw, tLmj-bm{X F¶o {]kn-²-amb XpÅ-ep-IÄ alm-̀ m-c-X-̄ nÂ \n¶pÅ A\p-I-ev]-\-§-fm-Wv.

{]kn-²-amb Hcp IY XpÅÂ F¶ Zriy-þ-{im-hy-þ-\r-Xy-þ-I-e-bmbn cq]-s¸-Sp-̄ p-t¼mÄ Ip©³\-¼ymÀNne e£y-§Ä a\-ÊnÂ In-cp-¶p. H¶m-a-Xm-bn, Zriy-Ie F¶ \ne-bnÂ kZ-Êns\ ckn-̧ n-¡m³ Ign-b-Ww.Bkzm-Z-Isc ]nSn-̈ n-cp-̄ m³ XpÅ-en\v km[n-¡-Ww. lmkyw AXn\p ]änb D]m-[n-bm-Wv. Iq«-̄ nÂIYsb ka-Im-enI kml-N-cy-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n kmaq-ly-hn-aÀi\w \S-̄ -Ww. A`n-\-bn-¡m-\pÅ \ÃaplqÀ -̄§Ä Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-Ww. sshhn-[y-apÅ cmK-§-fpw, NSp-e-amb Xmfhpw sImv Zriy-I-esbBIÀj-I-hpw, P\-{]n-b-hp-am-¡-Ww.

XpÅÂ¡m-c³ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t¡ kZ-Ên-s\-¡p-dn¨v Ip©³\-¼ymÀ¡v \Ã t_m[y-ap-v. "`S-P-\-§sS \Sp-hn-ep-sÅmcp ]S-b-Wn-¡nl tNcp-hm³þ hSn-hn-b-s¶mcp Nmcp tIc-f-̀ mj Xs¶ NnXw hcq' F¶pw"Nncn-¡p¶ IY-tI-«mÂ Ccn-bv¡pw. Bb-X-sÃ-¦nÂ Xncn¡pw' F¶pw At±lw \Ã-t]mse a\-Ên-em-¡n.

\f-N-cnXw lmky-ckw XnIª IY-b-Ã. ]ns¶ Cu IY kzoI-cn-¡m³ F´mhpw ImcWw? Ien-bpsS{]`mhw Ipd-bv¡m³ \f-N-cnXw ImWp-¶Xv \Ã-XmWv F¶v \¼ymÀ BZyw Xs¶ {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. GXp IY-bnepw lmkyhpw kmaq-ly-hn-aÀihpw tNÀ¡m³ \¼ymÀ¡v Ign-hp-ap-v. De-Ip-S-s]-cp-am-fnsâ kZ-ÊnÂ Ien-bpsS {]`m-h-s¯-¡p-dn¨p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Hcp hr²³ h¶v \fsâ IY DZm-l-cn-¡p¶ a«n-emWv XpÅ-ensâ XpS-¡w. inh-þ-]mÀÆXo hµ\w apXÂ¡v lmkyw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p. InÅn-¡p-dn-Èn-bnse alm-tZ-h-\mWv inh³.KwKsb PS-bnÂ Hfn-̧ n¨v ]mÀÆ-Xnsb Ifn-̧ n-¡p¶ inhsâ adn-am-bs¯ Ihn kvXpXn-¡p-¶p.

Za-b-́ o-kz-bw-h-c-̄ n\p hcp¶ cmPm-¡-·msc Ihn IW-¡n\v ]cn-l-kn-¡p-¶p-v.

"Ah-sf-¡m¬am³ kwKXn hcptam?

Npw_-\-a-Xn\pw kwKXn hcptam?

F¶n§s\ a\-x¸m-b-k-appsImmWv cmPm-¡-·mÀamcpsS hc-hv. "\S-̧ nÂ IpÞnXw X¶nÂ IS-̧ n³ `oa-s\-s¨¶p ]nSn-̧ n³, I\y-Isb ¸mª-§-Sp-̧ n³, ImÀ½pIw ssIbnÂ FSp-̧ n³, tLmc-_m-W-§Ä sXmSp-̧ n³'F¶ a«n-emWv tZh-·m-cpsS ]pd-̧ m-Sv. lwkw t]mIp¶ hgn-I-fnse ImgvN-IÄ ck-I-c-am-Wv. "\mbÀ hni¶phe-ªp-h-cp-t¼mÄ Imb-¡-ªn-bv¡-cn-bn-«nÃ' F¶ {]kn-²-amb `mKw Cu XpÅ-en-te-Xm-Wv. \fsâ Ima-Zpx-Jhpw ck-I-c-am-Wv.

""aSp-a-eÀ]-cn-a-f-taÂ¡p-t¶cwInSp-InsS ta\n hnd-̈ o-Sp¶pDS-enÂ Nµ-\-a-Wn-bp-t¶-cw,NpSp-I-\-se-¶-h-t\mÀ¯o-Sp¶p''

F¶v lmky-̄ nÂ [mcmfw AXn-i-tbm-ànbpw IeÀ¯p-¶p-v.

I©³\-¼ymÀ XpÅ-en\p ]änb a«nÂ kw`m-j-W-cq-]-̄ n-emWv IYm-Jym\w \S-̄ p-¶-Xv. lwks¯]nSn-bv¡p¶ Ah-k-c-̄ nÂ AXv hne-]n-¡p-¶-Xpw, \f³ Biz-kn-̧ n-¡p-¶Xpw kw`m-j-W-cq-]-̄ n-em-Wv. Za-b´o kzbw-h-c-̄ n\p hcp¶ \mb-·m-cpsS ]cm-Xn-Ifpw kw`m-j-W-cq-]-̄ n-em-Wv.

\ntj-[-am-bm-epw, IpWvTn-X-am-bm-epw, IYsb tIc-f-¯nsâ A -́co-£-̄ n-tebv¡p sImp-h-¶-Xm-WvA\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ asämcp bpàn. AtXmsS IY IqSp-XÂ A\p-̀ -h-th-Zy-am-Ip-¶p. lwkw Za-b-́ n-bpsSASp-t¯bv¡v ]d-¡p¶ hgn-bnÂ ImWp¶ ImgvN-I-sfms¡ tIc-fo-b-am-Wv.

"sImSn-tb-äp-nl hnjvWp-t£t{X

sImSn-a-c-ap-b-sc-¡m-Wm-Ip¶p' F¶n§s\ XpS§n ]©-hm-Zy-¡mÀ¡pÅ \nÀt±-i-§Ähsc tIc-fo-bm-́ -co-£-̄ n-tâ-Xm-Wv. acp-a-¡-̄ m-b-¯nsâ Zqjy-h-i-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]cm-aÀi-§Ä, \mbÀ¸-S-bpsS ssZ\yw Chbpw tIc-fobw Xs¶.


A\p-I-ev]\w 12

kmaq-ly-hn-aÀi-\-̄ n-\pÅ [mcmfw ]gp-Xp-IÄ IY-bnÂ krjvSn-̈ n-«p-v. cmPmhv s]s«¶p hnfn-̈ p-Iq-«p¶ \mbÀ -̧S-bpsS AhØ Zb-\o-b-am-Wv. Bbp-[-§Ä ]W-b-̄ n-em-Wv. hni-¶p-h-eªp hcp-t¼mÄho«nÂ I-ªnbnÃ. Za-b-ó-kz-bw-h-c-̄ n\p hcp¶ C{µ\v ]cm-Xn-bp-v. Np¦-sa-Sp-t¯m, ]ng sN¿nt¨m,Krlw IhÀt¶m, IS-I-t¼m-f-§-fnÂ\n¶v ]nSn-̈ p-]-än-̈ tXm AÃ Xsâ kz¯v. F¶n«pw `qan-bnse cmPm-¡-·m-sc-t¸mse B{Klw km[n-bv¡m³ ]äp-¶n-Ã. "KW]Xn ]«À¡-¼Xp ]W-hpw, ]en-i-bp-a§p sImSp-̧ m-\pv'F¶ thh-em-Xn-bp-ap-v. Ip©³\-¼ym-cpsS Ihn-X-IÄ¡v {]Nmcw hÀ[n-̈ Xv euIn-I-bp-àn-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv."sIm¶mÂ ]m]w Xn¶mÂ Xocpw'F¶pw,"In«p-¶-Xnte taml-a-Xmhq'F¶pw At±lw IYm-]m-{X-§-sf-s¡mv]d-bn¡pw.

"A§m-Sn-I-fnÂ tXmen ]nW-ªmÂA½-sbm-S-{]n-b-sa-¶-Xp-t]mse'

F¶pw"BWp-§Ä¡v ]nd-¶-h-s\-¦nÂ{]mW-t¯-¡mÄ \mWw heptX'

F¶pw ssien-IÄ Dm-¡pw. GXp XpÅ-enÂ \n¶v F¶-dn-bm-̄ -hcpw Cu ssien-IÄ ]cs¡ ]mSn-\-S-¡p-¶-h-cm-bn. hÀ®\ sImv Zriy-t_m[w Dm-¡-emWv asämcp hncp-Xv. \fsâ ap¶nÂ F¯p¶ lwks¯hÀ®n-¡p-¶Xv t\m¡p-I.

"]¦-a-I-s¶mcp X¦w s]m¶ns\mS¦w s]mcp-Xp-sam-c-¦-{]-̀ bpwIp¦p-a-\n-damw NndIpw sIm¡pw]¦-P-cp-Nncw Nc-W-Zz-bhpw'

BWv lwk-̄ nsâ BIÀj-I-X. hÀ®-\-IÄ \nÝ-e-a-Ã, Ne-\m-ß-I-am-Wv.

"H¶p IpSªp ico-c-a-tijwX¶psS NndIpw hoin-bn-cp¶pNnd-In-\-I¯p ISn-̈ p-In-S¡pwsNdp-t]³sIm-Xp-Ip-IÄ Cu¨-IÄ ]pgphpw\nd-hnb sIm¡p-IÄ sImp-I-Sn-̈ XpsImdp-sIm-sd-b§p sImdn-̈ p-Xp-S§n'

F¶v lwk-̄ nsâ Ne\w A`n-\-bn¨p ên-̧ n-¡mw.XpÅ-enÂ Xmfw NSp-e-am-I-Ww. AX-\p-k-cn¨v hcn-IÄ {Iao-I-cn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p.

"]e hSnhpw h¶p NaªpXe-ap-Snbpw h¶p XnIªpape-bn-Wbpw amdp-I-hnªpaeÀi-c\pw sasÃ-b-Wªp'

F¶v N¼-Xm-f-̄ n-emWv Za-b-́ o-hÀ®-\."]S-l-sa-§p, ]S-I-sf-§p, \½psSsImSn-I-sf-§p, IS-I-sf§p'

F¶v kzbw-h-c-̄ n\v cmPm-¡-·mÀ Hcp-§p-¶p. sN¼-S, N¼, aÀ½-Xm-fw, Nmbv]p-Xm-fw, I-\m-̈ n, AS-́ ,]©m-cn, Nmbvhv, GIw F¶n-§s\ FÃm \mS³Xm-f-§fpw XpÅ-enÂ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ce-̄ m-fw,sXm¸n,a±fw F¶n-hbv¡v tNcpw-hn[w i_vZ-§fpw {Iao-I-cn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p.

XpÅ-ensâ asäm-cm-IÀjWw cmK-ssh-hn-[y-am-Wv. lwkw Za-b-́ n-tbmSv ktµiw ]d-bp-¶Xv kwKo-X-`w-Kn-bn-em-Wvþ Fcn-¡n-e-¡m-tam-Z-cn-cm-K-̄ nÂ. Za-bń ]d-bp¶ adp-]Sn B\-µ-ss -̀chn cmK-̄ n-em-Wv. \f³kc-kz-Xnsb kvXpXn-¡p-¶Xv B\-µ-ss -̀c-hn-bnÂ, ATm-W, Cµn-i, Fcn-¡n-e-Im-tam-Z-cn, ZpxJIWvTm-cw, ZznPm-h-́ n, \m«p-¡p-dp-ªn, \oemw-_-cn, ]pd-\o-cv, _e-l-cn, `q]m-fw, ae-l-cn, apJm-cn, taml-\w, thIS, i¦-cm- -̀cWw F¶n§s\ cmK-ssh-hn[yw AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-̄ p-¶-Xm-Wv.

\f-N-cnXw cmw-̀ m-K-̄ nÂ XpÅ-en\p ]äm¯ IYm-̀ m-K-§Ä \¼ymÀ Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ien-_m-[n-X-\mb \f³ FÃmw \jvS-s¸«v Im«nÂ Ae-bp-¶-Xv, Za-b-ńsb Dt]-£n-¡p-¶Xv F¶n-§s\ timIw\ndª `mK-§Ä XpÅ-enÂ CÃ. Za-bń kz´w ho«nÂ Xncn-s¨¯n \fs\ ASp-̄ p-h-cp-̄ m³ bXv\n-¡p-¶Xp apXÂt¡ cmw `mK-̄ nÂ ]d-bp-¶p-Åq. \f\pw Za-b-́ nbpw tbmPn-¡p-¶-tXmsS IY ip`-ambn Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p. Ahsc tbmPn-̧ n-¡m³ tIin\n \S-̄ p¶ {]b-Xv\-̄ n\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-̄ n-cn-¡p-¶p.\fsâ IY XpÅ-en-\mbn ]mI-s -̧Sp-̄ m³ \¼ymÀ kzoI-cn¨ AS-hp-IÄ Zriy-km-[yX hÀ[n-̧ n-¡m³ klm-bn-¨n-«p-v. kZ-Ênsâ Bkzm-Z-\-ti-jn-bpw, Xmev]-cy-§fpw IW-¡n-se-Sp-̄ p-sIm-pÅ Nph-Sp-sh-̧ p-IÄ HmtcmL«-̄ n-ep-ap-v. Zriy-I-esb hnP-bn-̧ n-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ kzm`m-hn-I-hpw, A\-\y-hp-amb {]Xn` Ip©³\-¼ymÀ¡vkz -́am-bn-cp-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 13

\f-N-cnXw þ B«-¡Y-D®m-bn-hm-cn-bÀ

\fsâ IY AYhm \tfm-]m-Jym\w alm-̀ m-c-X-̄ nse Hcp D]-I-Y-bm-Wv. _rl-Z-iz-ap\n h\-¯nÂsh¨v ]mÞ-h-·mÀ¡v ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp¯ IY-bmWv CXv. NqXp-I-fn-bnÂ ]cm-P-b-s¸«v FÃmw \jvS-s¸«\f³ ]mÞ-h-tc-¡mÄ ZpxJn-̈ n-cn-¡mw. ]s£ ssZhm-\p-{Klw aqew \f\v FÃmw Xncn-̈ p-In-«n. AXp-t]mse]mÞ-hÀ¡pw sFiz-cy-ap-m-Ipw F¶p ImWn-̈ p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p \tfm-]m-Jym-\-̄ nsâ e£yw.

D®m-bn-hm-cn-bÀ 18-þmw \qäm-nÂ Cu IY B«-¡-Y-bmbn amän Fgp-Xn. Zriy-Ie F¶ \ne-bnÂ IY-I-fnbv¡v Hcp e£y-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p. Bfp-Isf ckn-̧ n-¡pI, ImWn-I-fpsS A`n-\-µ\w ]nSn-̈ p-]-äp-I. D®m-bn-hm-cn-b-cpsS \f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Ybv¡v AXnÂ¡-hnª e£y-ap-v F¶v hyà-am-Wv. N{I-hÀ¯n-]-Z-̄ nÂ Ccp-¶-cp-fnb \f³. [oc\pw im -́\p-amb \mb-I³. tZh-·m-cpsS A\p-{K-l-t¯msS Za-b-́ nsb kz´-am-¡m³km[n¨ Imap-I³. BËm-Z-̄ nsâ ]c-tIm-Sn-bnÂ \nÂs¡ \fs\ Ien _m[n-̈ p. ]pjv¡-c-t\m-sSm¸w NqXp-I-fn¨v cmPyw \jvS-s¸-Sp-̄ n. Im«nÂ Ae-ªp. Za-b-́ nsb Dt]-£n-̈ p. kma-́ -\mb EXp-]À®sâ kmc-Yn-bmbn Ign-tb-n-h-¶p. Ime-N{Iw Xncn-bp-¶-tXmsS \f³ FÃmw Xncn¨p t\Sn. PohnXw C§-s\-sbm-s¡-bmWv F¶p ]Tn-̧ n-¡m-\mWv D®m-bn-hm-cn-bÀ \f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y-bn-eqsS {ian-̈ -Xv.

{]i-kvX-amb \f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y-bmbn ]p\x-kr-jvSn-bv¡m-s\m-cp-§p-t¼mÄ IY-bpsS \mS-Io-bXXs¶-bmImw D®m-bn-hm-cn-bsc BIÀjn-̈ -Xv. am{X-a-Ã, At±-l-̄ nsâ Ime-L-«-¯nse Gähpw P\-{]n-b-ambIem-cq-]hpw B«-¡-Y-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. Hscmä Znh-k-̄ nÂ HXp-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Cu IY D®mbn hmcn-bÀ\mep Znh-ks¯ IY-bmbn Nn«-s¸-Sp-̄ n. Hmtcm Znh-ks¯ IYbpw \mS-Io-b-X-bpsS Imcy-̄ nÂ kzbwk¼qÀ®-am-Wv.

`c-X-ap-\n-bpsS \mSy-imkv{Xw `mc-X-̄ n-sem-«p¡v FÃm Iem-cq-]-§-sfbpw kzm[o-\n-̈ n-«p-v. {]kn-²-amb ck-kq-{X-̄ nsâ ASn-Øm-\-̄ nÂ \f-N-cn-Xs¯ hne-bn-cp-̄ mw.

""hn`m-hm-\p-̀ mh hy`n-Nmco kwtbm-KmXv ck-\n-jv]¯n''

þ `c-X-ap\n

hn`m-hwþ Zriy-I-e-bnse IYm-]m-{X-§-fmWv hn`m-h-§Ä. \f-N-cn-X-̄ nÂ [otcm-Zm-̄ -\mb \f-\mWv\mb-I³. Za-b-́ nbv¡v kuµcyw am{X-a-Ã, kpi-à-amb hyàn-Xz-hpw, kvt\l-io-e-hp-ap-v. òacm-Pmhv,]Xv\n, EXp-]À®³ F¶n-hÀ D¶-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-cm-Wv. Poh-e³, hmÀjvtW-b³, ]ÀWm-̀ ³, kptZ-h³, tIin\nF¶n-hÀ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ. Im«m-f³, ImÀt¡m-S-I³, Ien, ]pjv¡-c³ F¶n-hÀ ZpjvS-I-Ym-]m-{X-§Ä. kc-kz-Xn, C{µ³, hcp-W³, Aán, ba³ F¶n-hÀ tZh-·mÀ. \mc-Z\pw ]ÀÆ-X\pw Aam-\p-j-·mÀ.

]¨, I¯n, Icn, XmSn, an\p¡v F¶n-§s\ IY-I-fnbv¡p ]änb thj-ssh-hn[yw Hcp-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.\f-N-cn-X-̄ nse lwkw D®m-bn-hm-cn-bÀ krjvSn¨ Akm-[m-cW IYm-]m-{X-am-Wv. lwkw kc-k-\mb ZqX-\m-Wv. thjsshhn[yw sImpw Cu hn`mhw Gsd {i²n-¡-s¸-Sm-dp-v.

D±o-]\ hn`m-h-ambn `c-X-ap\n FSp-̄ p-]-d-bp-¶Xv IY-bpsS ]Ým-̄ -e-s¯-bm-Wv. A¡m-cy-̄ nepw\f-N-cnXw k¼-¶-am-Wv. \f-sâ-bpw, Za-b-́ n-bp-sSbpw DZym-\w, tZh-amÀ¤w, Za-b-ń-bpsS A´x-]p-cw, NqXp-I-fn-cw-Kw, h\w, Aizm-e-bw, Xm¶n-̈ p-h-Sv, cmP-k-ZÊv F¶n-§s\ A`n-\-bn¨p ên-̧ n-¡p¶ cwK-§Ä Gsd-bp-v.

A\p-̀ m-hwþ A\p-̀ mhw XpSÀ¶p-h-cp¶ ck-t]m-j-I-amb LS-I-§-fm-Wv. Ah Blm-cyw, kmXzn-Iw,hmNn-Iw, BwKnIw F¶v \mem¡n Xncn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p.

Blm-cywþ B«-¡-Y-I-fnÂ Blm-cy-̄ n\v hfscb[nIw {]m[m-\y-ap-v. ]¨, I¯n, Icn, XmSn,an\p¡v F¶n-§s\ Blmcyw IrXy-ambn hc-Ww. cmPm-¡-·mÀ¡v ]¨, kv{XoIÄ¡pw, {_mÒ-WÀ¡pw, an\p-¡v, \oN-I-Ym-]m-{X-§Ä¡v I¯n, Icn thj-§Ä. lwk-̄ n\v Nnd-Ipw, sIm¡pw. Blm-cy-̄ nÂ DÅ Cusshhn[yw Zriy-I-ebv¡v apXÂ¡q-«m-Wv.

kmXznIw

aäv B«-¡-Y-I-fnÂ\n¶v hn`n-¶-amWv \f-N-cn-X-̄ nse kmXzn-Iw. \f³ F¶ Hscmä \S³hocw, irwKm-cw, Icp-Ww, cu{Zw, AÛpXw F¶o ck-§Ä amdn-amdn A`n-\-bn-¡-Ww. at\m-[À½ {]I-S-\-¯n\pw [mcmfw km[y-X-bp-v. Za-bń irwKm-c-\m-bnI am{X-a-Ã, Icp-W-c-k-̄ nsâ `mh-t -̀Z-§fpw A`n-\-bn-¡-Ww. lwk-̄ n-\pw, Im«m-f\pw kptZ-h\pw, tIin-\n-bv¡p-sams¡ {]tXyI hyàn-Xz-ap-v. km[m-cWB«-¡YIfn-te-Xp-t]mse Hscmä kmXzn-I-̀ m-h-̄ nÂ AhÀ HXp-§p-¶n-Ã.


A\p-I-ev]\w 14

hmNnIwHmtcm IYm-]m-{X-̄ n\pw tbmPn-̈ -XmWv hmNn-Iw. \f\pw Za-b-́ nbpw Ipeo-\-amb hmNnIw D]-tbm-

Kn-¡p-¶p. lwk-hpw, {_mÒ-W-·mcpw kc-k-·m-cm-Wv. Im«m-f\v irwKm-c-hpw, hnUvVn-̄ hpw IeÀ¶lmkyw. kc-kzXn \f\p \ÂIp¶ A\p-{K-lwþ"I\-¡p-aÀ°-hpw, kp[ IWs¡ ]Z-\n-cbpw' D®m-bn-hm-cn-bÀ¡pw e`n-̈ n-«p-v.

BwKnIw

AwK-N-e-\-§Ä¡v IY-I-fn-bnÂ hyà-amb \nÀt±-i-§-fp-v. Xma-c, hv, tacp-]Àh-Xw, tImI-§Ä,lwk-§Ä, tIfo-k-cÊv Ch-sbÃmw DZym-\-hÀ®-\-bnÂ IS-¶p-h-cp-¶p. IY-I-fn-bnÂ Chbv¡v {]tXyI ap{Z-I-fp-v. h\-h-Ón, NqXp-I-fn, kÀ¸-Zw-i-\w, cY-thKw Ch ck-I-c-ambn A`n-\-bn-¡mw. "C\n-sbm-cSn \S-¶mÂIn«pta ssI¡-se¶pw' F¶ hnNm-c-t¯msS lwk-¯nsâ ]n¶mse HmSp¶ Za-b-́ nsb ck-I-c-ambn ImWn-¡mw. Nt{µm-Zbw t\m¡n hne-]n-¡p¶ _mlp-Isâ Hmtcm hcnbpw BwKn-I-̄ n\v tNcpw. CXn\p ]pd-sa,"anfnXw ]Z-bp-Ktf amÀ¤n-X-bm-e-Xbm'þ tXSnb hÅn ImenÂ¨p-änþ F¶pw, shÅ-sams¡ Hgp-In-t¸mb tijwAW sI«n-bn-s«´v F¶pw Akm-[m-c-W-amb ssien-Ifpw BwKn-Im-̀ n-\-b-̄ n\v C«p-sIm-Sp-̄ n-cn-¡p-¶p. IY-Ifn \S-·mÀ¡v \f-N-cn-X-cw-K-§Ä ]e-t¸mgpw shÃp-hn-fn-bp-bÀ¯m-dp-v.

hy`n-Nm-co-̀ m-h-§ÄapJy-amb cks¯ t]mjn-̧ n-¡m³ k©m-co-̀ m-h-§Ä Bh-iy-am-sW¶v `c-X-ap\n \nÀt±-in-̈ n-«p-v. \f-

N-cn-X-̄ nsâ apJy-c-k-§-fmb irwKm-c-s¯bpw hoc-s¯bpw t]mjn-̧ n-¡m³ Icp-Ww, AÛp-Xw, cu{Zw F¶ock-§Ä amdn-amdn hcp-¶p. Za-bó kzbw-h-c-̄ n\v F¯n-t¨-cp¶ Akp-c-·m-cpw, cm£-k-·mcpw Iem-]-ap-m-¡p-¶p. ]pjv¡-c-sâ-bpw, Ien-bp-sSbpw hchv cu{Z-c-k-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv. h\-̄ n-se-̄ nb \f-Z-a-b-́ n-am-cpsS h\-hmkw Icp-W-ckw DWÀ¯p-¶p. ImÀt¡m-S-Isâ {]thiw AÛp-X-ckw hÀ²n-̧ n-¡p-¶p. Nt{µm-Z-b-̄ nÂ Za-b-ńsb kvacn¨v \f³ ]mSp-¶Xv Icp-W-ckw Ic-I-hn-bp¶ hcn-I-fm-Wv. IYm-́ y-̄ nÂ AÛp-X-ckw Df-hm-¡p-¶p.

Hmtcm ckhpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn asämcp ck-̄ nÂ Aenªp tNÀ¶v \nÀh-l-W-̄ nÂ klr-Z-b\vBËmZw \ÂIp-¶p.

\f-N-cn-X-̄ nse \mS-I-k-¦ev]w

[otcm-Zm-̄ , \Xn-{]-Xm-]-Kp-W-hm³

hnJymX hwi³, [cm-]m-e³, \mb-I³

F¶p XpS-§p¶ \mb-I-k-¦ev]w \f\v \Ã-t]mse tNcpw. [otcm-Zm-̄ -t\m, [oc-im-́ t\m BWv\f³.

"A©p kÔn-IÄ, AXn-JymXw IYm-h-kvXphpw' F¶ e£-Whpw \f-N-cn-X-̄ nÂ tNcpw. {]i-kvX-amb ]pcm-W-IY A©p L«-§-fmbn Xncn-¡mw. IYm-cw`w apXÂ Za-b-́ o-kz-bw-hcw hsc apJ-k-Ôn, NqXp-Ifn apXÂ Za-bó ]cn-XymKw hsc {]Xn-apJ kÔn, ImÀt¡m-S-I³, EXp-]À®³ F¶n-h-cpsS kl-hm-k-Imew KÀ`-k-Ôn, Za-bń kzbw-h-c-hmÀ¯ apXÂ cY-bm-{X, òa-\-Kc {]thiw hsc hnaÀi-k-Ôn, \f-Z-a-bó kam-Kaw apXÂ IYmýw hsc \nÀÆ-l-W-k-Ôn.

"\me-©m-fp-IÄ, A¦-a-©v, A[n-Itam'

Cu \bw \mS-I-̄ n-se¶ t]mse B«-¡-Y-bnepw ]men-̈ n-«p-v. A©v A¦-̄ n\p ]Icw \f-N-cnXwB«-¡Y \mep-Zn-h-ks¯ IY-bmbn Nn«-s¸-Sp-̄ n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

"irwKm-ctam hoctam apJyw

\nÀÆ-l-W-̄ nÂ AÛp-X-ckw'

irwKm-cw, hocw F¶o ck-§-fmWv Zriy-I-e-bnÂ hnP-bn-¡pI F¶v `c-X-ap\n \nÀt±-in-̈ n-«p-v.IYmýw ipàm-I-W-sa-¶pw, ]uc-kvXy-k-¦-ev]-̄ nÂ \nb-a-ap-v.

"\mtYm-Zbw \mSIw'

IYm-́ y-̄ nÂ \f³ ]pjv¡-cs\ tXmev]n¨v cmPyw hos-Sp-¡p-¶p. Za-b-́ nsb hnizm-k-]qÀÆwkzoI-cn-¡p-¶p. kzbw-h-c-¯n\v h¶ kc-kzXn IYm-h-km-\-̄ nÂ {]Xy-£-s¸«v Z¼-Xn-Isf A\p-{K-ln-¡p-¶p.\mS-I-̄ n-se-¶-t]mse IY Hcp hr¯w ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 15

B«-¡-Y-bnse A`n-\-b-km-[y-X-IÄIY-Ifn ap{Z-I-fnÂ A`n-\-bn-¡m³ ]änb `mK-§Ä Hcp-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. "kmay-a-I-t¶m-cp-Zym\w',

"hnPt\ _X alXn hn]nt\' F¶o `mK-§Ä DZm-l-c-Ww. at\m-[À½-a-\p-k-cn¨v Cf-In-bm-«-̄ n\v [mcmfwkµÀ -̀§-fp-v.

IY-Ifn ap{Z-IÄ¡p ]änb [mcmfw hnti-j-W-§Ä \f-N-cn-X-̄ n-ep-v. Cµp-h-Z-\, Ioc-hm-Wn, Kpcp-P-L-\, aZ-a-Ù-c-K-a-\, lcn-W-]m-fn, Ihn-hcm-fn, Dc-Km-̀ -c-W³, adn-am³, knwlw, F«-Sn-am³, aXn-ap-Jn, \fn-\m-£n,cY-l-b-th-Kw, krWn, XrWw, tIX-Iw, arKm-¦³ Ch-sbms¡ IY-I-fn-ap-{Z-IÄ sImv ImWn¨p ^en-̧ n-¡mw.

hcn-I-fpsS {]mk-̀ wKn IY-Ifn kwKo-X-̄ n-\pw, hmZy-hn-\ym-k-̄ n\pw A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv. bman bmanss`an, Icm-anXw io{Lw km[-bn-jyman kman km[nXw abm' F¶n-§s\ {]mk-̀ wKn Ce-̄ m-f-̄ n\v tNÀ¶phcp-¶p.

Bl-cn, AS-́ , sN¼-S, sN¼, GI-Xm-fw, apdn-b-S´ F¶n-§s\ Xmf-ssh-hn-[yhpw kwKo-X-̄ nÂtNÀ¶p-h-cp-¶p.

]p¶m-K-h-cm-fn, Ieym-Wn, ss`c-hn, KuU-]-´, ]qÀÆ-I-eym-Wn, \m«p-¡p-dp-ªn, hk-́ -ss -̀c-hn, tXmSn,]´p-h-cm-Sn, kucm-jv{Sw, a[y-am-h-Xn, apJm-cn, i¦-cm-̀ -c-Ww, ]pd-\oc Fcn-¡n-e-¡m-tam-Z-cn, [\m-in, ZznPm-h-́ n,thIS F¶n-§s\ \f-N-cn-X-̄ nse cmKkar²n AÛpX-I-c-am-Wv. CXnÂ ]e cmK-§fpw Zm£n-Wm-Xy-ambtkm]m-\-kw-Ko-X-t¯mSv _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.

G.-Un.1752-þÂ Xncp-h-\- -́]pcw ]ß-\m-̀ -kzm-an-t£-{X-̄ nÂ ImÀ¯nI Xncp-\mÄ alm-cm-Pm-hnsâap¼nÂ BZy-ambn \f-N-cnXw cmw-Zn-h-ks¯ IY Ah-X-cn-̧ n-̈ p. A¶p apXÂ C¶p-hsc \f-N-cnXw B«-¡Y \Ã Zriym-\p-̀ -h-ambn XpS-cp-¶p. F{X Imepw aXn-h-cm¯ ¢mknIv Iem-in-ev]-amWv D®m-bn-hm-cn-b-cpsS \f-N-cn-Xw.


A\p-I-ev]\w 16

bqWn-äv þ aq¶v\mS-Ihpw t\mhepw

A`n-Úm-\-im-Ip-´fwXncp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-c³

Imfn-Zm-ksâ A`n-Úm-\-im-Ip-́ fw F¶ kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-̄ n\v [mcmfw ae-bm-f-hn-hÀ¯-\-§ÄDm-bn-«p-v. tIc-f-hÀ½ henbtImbn-̄ -¼p-cmsâ aWn-{]-hm-f-im-Ip-́ -fw, G.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½-bpsS ae-bm-f-im-Ip-́ fw F¶nh {]kn-²-am-Wv.

Xncp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-c³ 1985-þÂ BWv A`n-Úm-\-im-Ip-́ fw (hn-hÀ¯-\w) {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-̄ n-b-Xv.cq]-̄ nÂ A[n-jvTn-X-amb ]Zm-\p-]Z XÀÖ-a-b-Ã, `mh-̄ n\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡p¶ kÀ¤m-ßI XÀÖ-a-bmWv Imfn-Zm-k-im-Ip-́ fw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶Xv F¶v Xncp-\-ÃqÀ \nÝ-bn-̈ p. imIp-́ -f-̄ nsâ lrZ-b-lm-cnXH«pw tNmÀ¶p-t]m-ImsX XÀÖ-a-bnÂ sImp-h-cm-\m-bn-cp¶p {iaw. Xncp-\-ÃqÀ Ihnbpw Km\-c-N-bn-Xm-hp-am-Wv. ]Z-§-fpsS hn\ym-k-̄ n-\pw, cmK-Xm-f-§Ä¡pw Hcp IrXnsb at\m-l-c-am-¡m³ Ignbpw F¶v At±lwa\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-«p-v.

imIp-́ -f-̄ nsâ XÀÖ-a-IÄ Imfn-Zm-ksâ hm¡p-IÄ H«pw hn«p-I-f-bmsX ]IÀ¯m-\mWv t\m¡n-b-Xv. ap³Im-e-§-fnÂ hnaÀi-I-cpw, aqe-hpw, hnhÀ¯-\hpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Fs´-¦nepw hn«p-I-ftªmF¶p t\m¡p¶ coXn-bmWv kzoI-cn-̈ -Xv. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-̄ n\v ]Icw IrXy-amb ae-bm-f-hm¡v I-]n-Sn-̈ -hscA`n-\-µn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p. XÀÖ-a-IÄ X½nÂ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv sa¨-s -̧«Xv GXv F¶ XÀ¡-̄ nepwhnaÀi-I-·mÀ GÀs¸-«n-cp-¶p.

imIp-́ -f-̄ nsâ aqe-Ir-Xn-bnÂ Imhy-̀ m-K-§-sfÃmw kwkvIr-X-hr-̄ -̄ n-em-Wv. ae-bmf hnhÀ¯-I-·m-scÃmw Imhy-̀ m-K-§Ä kwkvIr-X-hr-̄ -̄ n-em-I-W-sa¶v \njv¡Àjn-̈ p. IÀ¡-i-amb \nb-a-§Ä ]men-t¡kwkvIr-X-hr-̄ -§Ä Ahsc sXsÃm-¶p-aÃ IjvS-s -̧Sp-̄ n-b-Xv. CXn\p ]pdsa ZznXo-bm-£-c-{]m-kw, tÇjw,ba-Iw, A\p-{]mkw Ch-sbms¡ Ihn-X-I-fnÂ sImp-h-tc-Xpw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-kn-²m-

-́§Ä ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xsb hf-sc-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n¨ Ime-L-«-§-fn-em-bn-cp¶p C¯cw Akzm-X-{´y-§Ä.Hcp \qäm-n-\n-̧ pdw 1985 BIp-t¼m-tgbv¡pw ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bpsS am\-Z-Þ-§Ä amdn. cq]-̀ -{ZX

thWw, ]s£ AXn-\p-thn `mh-ku-µcyw \in-̧ n-¡-cpXv F¶ hmZw Ihn-IÄ lrZ-b-]qÀhw kzoI-cn-̈ p-I-gn-ªp. hr¯w, {]mkw, Ae-¦mcw F¶n-hbv¡v ]mc-¼-cy-am-bp-m-bn-cp¶ \nb-a-§Ä ae-bm-f-I-hnX amän-sh-̈ p.[z\nbv¡pw klr-Z-b-Xz-̄ n\pw {]m[m-\y-ta-dn. IhnX hm¡p-I-fpsS IkÀ¯-Ã, hnIm-c-§-fpsS kwth-Z-\-amWvF¶v \mw AwKo-I-cn-̈ p.

hnhÀ¯-\-̄ nsâ Imcy-̄ nepw am\-Z-Þ-§Ä amdn-h-¶p. hniz-{]-kn-²-amb Hcp IrXn hmb-\-¡mÀ¡v]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-̄ -Ww. Bkzm-Z-\-̄ n\v ap³Xq¡w \ÂI-Ww. \mSIw Zriy-I-e-bm-Wv. At¸mÄ IYm-]m-{X-§Ä¡v \¶mbn ]d-bm-\mIpw hn[w kw`m-j-W-̀ m-K-§Ä ae-bm-f-ssi-en-bn-em-I-Ww. Imhy-̀ m-K-§Ä¡v kwKo-X-`wKn Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. cwK-§Ä Zriym-\p-̀ -h-am-bn-̄ o-cWw {Zmhn-U-hr-̄ -§Ä kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.

Xncp-\-Ãq-cnsâ imIp-́ -f-hn-hÀ¯\w ]pXnb Ime-̄ nsâ kzm[o-\X DÄs¡m-Åp-¶p. Imfn-Zm-ks\]Zm-\p-]Zw ChnS ]n´p-SÀ¶n-«n-Ã. AtX kabw Bi-b-§Ä hn«p-I-f-ªn-«p-an-Ã. IrXn-bpsS Bkzm-Zy-Xbv¡vtIm«w X«m-Xn-cn-¡m³ hfsc {i²n-̈ n-«p-v.

iIp-́ f IWzm-{i-a-̄ nse \njv¡-f-¦-amb s]¬Ip-«n-bm-Wv. Ah-fpsS tXmgn-am-cmb {]nbw-h-ZbpwA\-kq-bbpw tNÀ¶v sNSn-Isf \\-̈ pw, Ifn-X-am-i-IÄ ]dªpw \nÂ¡p¶ cwK-t¯-bv¡mWv Zpjy-́ ³{]th-in-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu cwKs¯ kw`m-j-W-§Ä XnI¨pw efn-X-am-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶v Xncp-\-ÃqÀ \nÝ-bn-¨p.iIp-́ -f-bpw, Iq«p-Im-cn-Ifpw kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv efn-X-amb hm¡p-I-fn-em-Wv. Ah Km\m-ß-I-hp-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. Imfn-Zm-ksâ imIp-́ -f-̄ nÂ kv{XoIÄ kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv {]mIr-X-̄ n-em-Wv. kwkvIr-X-¯nsâ Kuc-h-a-Ã, tIÄ¡m-\pÅ kpJ-amWv {]mIr-X-̄ n-sâ kz`m-hw.

Zpjy-́ -sâ-bpw, IWz-sâbpw `mjbv¡v hyXym-k-ap-v. Zpjy-́ sâ `mj cmPm-hn-\pw, Imap-I\pwA\p-tbmPyw. IWzsâ `mjbv¡v alÀjn-bp-tS-Xmb {]tXy-I-X-bp-v.

"t]mI-bm-Wn¶p iIp-́ -f-sb-¶-tXmÀþ¯mIp-e-am-Ip¶p Nn¯-apÂ¡-WvT-bmÂIWvTw Iep-j-ambv¯ocp-¶-S-¡nSpwI®o-cn-\mÂ ImgvN a§p¶p Nn´-bmÂ'

F¶n§s\ kpXm-cy-amWv XÀÖ-a-bpsS coXn. KZy-̀ m-K-§fpw ae-bm-f-ssi-en¡v A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-¯s¶ hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p."hnZq-j-I³ þ t\m¡tW IjvS-Imew! \mbm-«p-Im-c-\mb Cu cmPm-hnsâtXmg-\m-bn-cp¶v F\n¡v aXnbpw sImXnbpw XoÀ¶p'. \mS-I-kw-`m-jWw NSp-e-am-IWsa¶ Imcy-̄ nepw{i²n-̈ n-«p-v. Xncp\Ãq-cnsâ imIp-́ -f-XÀÖa kÀ¤m-ßI XÀÖ-abv¡v D¯-a-am-Xr-I-bmWv. emfn-Xy-hpw,Km\m-ß-I-Xbpw tNÀ¶v imIp-́ -fs¯ kam-kzm-Zy-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 17

e¦m-e£van

kn.-F³. {ioI-WvT³\m-bÀ

{]kn-²-amb Hcp ]pcm-W-IY A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n-\mbn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶Xv shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. F{Xtbm Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS `mh-\-bpw, A`n-{]m-b-t`-Z-§-fpw, ap³hn-[n-bpw. Htcm ]pcm-W-I-Y-sbbpw cq]-s¸-Sp-̄ n-bn-cn¡pw.AXv asämcp cq]-̄ n-tebv¡v amäpI Ffp-̧ -a-Ã. kn.-F³.-{io-I-WvT³\m-bÀ cmam-b-W-I-Ysb aq¶p \mS-I-ambn amän Fgp-Xn. BZyw Im©-\-ko-X, ]ns¶ kmtI-Xw, Ah-km\w e¦m-e£van Ime-{I-a-a-\p-k-cn¨v CXnÂkmtI-X-̄ n-emWv cmam-b-W-IY XpS-§p-¶-Xv. ]ns¶ e¦m-e-£van-bpsS IY. Ah-km\w Im©-\-ko-X. \mS-I-Im-csâ Ign-hp-IÄ Gähpw IpSp-XÂ Xnf-§p-¶Xv e¦m-e-£van-bn-em-Wv.

cmam-b-W-I-Y-bnse \mS-Io-bX apän-\nÂ¡p¶ ap¶p kµÀ`-§-fmWv A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ hnj-bw.A`n-tj-I-hnLv\w kmtI-X-̄ nÂ, e¦m-Z-l\w e¦m-e-£van-bnÂ, koX-bpsS A´À²m\w Im©-\-ko-X-bnÂ.aq¶p \mS-I-§-fnepw ]pXnb IYm-]m-{X-§Ä, IYm-k-µÀ -̀§Ä, \mS-Io-b-amb kw`m-jWw Ch HuNnXywt]mse tNÀ¯n-«p-v.

e¦m-e-£van-bpsS XpS¡w \mS-Io-b-am-Wv. Ccp-«nÂ e¦-bn-tebv¡p {]th-in-¡p¶ l\p-am³. l\p-ams\ XS-bp¶ e¦m-e-£van. òI-c-i-_vZ-§-fpw, kwL-«-\-hp-ambn \mSIw XpS-§p-¶p. shfn¨w sXfn-bp-t¼mÄe¦m-e£van A]vk-c-Ênsâ cq]-̄ nÂ l\p-ams\ A\p-{K-ln-¡p-¶p. hopw Ccp-«v. Aeu-In-I-kw-Ko-Xw.

cmh-Wsâ k`m-a-Þ-]-amWv ASp¯ cwKw. Gähpw Kwò-c-amb cwK-kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä Hcp-¡mw. {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp¶ IYm-]m-{X-§Ä ]e-X-c-¡m-cm-Wv. hncq-]m-£³ hr²-\m-Wv. kp]mÀiz³ a[y-h-b-kvI³. C{µ-Pn-¯v, Ipw`-IÀ®sâ ]p{X-\mb \nIpw-̀ ³, AXn-Im-b³ F¶n-hÀ bphm-¡-fm-Wv. l\p-amsâ hc-hv, e¦m-Z-l-\w, Pw_p-am-en-bp-sSbpw A£-Ip-am-c-sâbpw acWw Ch-sb-¡p-dn¨v cp Xe-ap-d-IÄ kwkm-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.hncq-]m-£\v cmh-W-hw-i-̄ nsâ ]qÀÆ-Im-e-a-ln-a-sb-¡p-dn¨v Gsd ]d-bm-\p-v. kp]mÀiz\v cmh-Wsâiàn-bnÂ ]qÀ®-hn-izm-k-ap-v. ]pXnb Xe-apd FSp-̄ p-Nm-«-¡m-c-\m-Wv. koXsb Hä sh«n\v sIm¶mÂFÃmw Ah-km-\n¡pw F¶v C{µ-Pn¯v hmZn-¡p-¶p. \mS-I-̄ nse Cu cwK-̄ nÂ kw`m-j-W-̄ n-eq-sS, ]qÀh-Im-e-{]-Xm-]w, hÀ -̄am-\-Im-es¯ kw`-h-§Ä Ch-sbÃmw NpcpÄ \nh-cp-¶p.

Cu hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z--̄ nsâ \Sp-hn-te-bv¡mWv cmh-Wsâ Kwò-c-amb cwK-{]-th-iw. "koXsb sImÃWw'F¶ hmZ-KXn ]mXn apdn-bp-¶p. e¦-bpsS Xmgn-I-¡pSw HSn-ªp-ho-gp¶ òI-c-i-_vZwþ `mhn kqNIw t]mse.AN-©-e-\mb cmh-W³. e¦-bpsS {]Xm-]hpw sFiz-cy-hp-amWv Xsâ {]hr-̄ n-I-fpsS e£yw F¶v hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

cmh-Wsâ kz`m-h-Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-̄ n\v ]c-̀ mK tim` \ÂIp-¶p-v. hnò-j-W³, HcmÄ hniz-kn-¡p¶[À½w asä-bmÄ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. cmh-W-t\m-sSm¸w \n¶ Ipw`-IÀ®t\m sXän-t¸mb hnò-j-Wt\m icnF¶ tNmZyw DbÀ¯p-¶p. hnò-j-Ws\ sImÃmsX hnSp¶ cmh-W\v Hcp XXz-im-kv{X-ap-v. "cmh-W³kz´w Ipes¯ kwc-£n-¡p-¶-h-\m-Wv, \in-̧ n-¡p-¶-h-\Ã'.

Cu ]c-̀ m-K-tim` atÞm-Z-cn-bv¡pw, koXbv¡pw X½nepw Dv. cmh-Ws\ Hcn-¡Â am{Xw D]-tZ-in-¡p¶ atÞm-Zcn ]n¶oSv `À¯m-hn-t\m-sSm¸w \nÂ¡p-¶p. koX-bpsS ]mXn-{h-Xy-̄ nsâ iàn AhÄ¡-dn-bmw. atÞm-Z-cnsb If-¦-s -̧Sp-̄ nb AwKZsâ {]hr¯n cmh-Wsâ iànbpw £bn-̧ n¨p F¶mWv kqN-\.

bp²-̄ nÂ hnPbw t\Sm³ cmh-W³ Hc-Úm-X-Ø-e¯p \S-̄ p¶ inh-]qP XnI¨pw \mS-Io-b-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. a{´-[z-\n-IÄ apg-§p¶ A -́co-£w. i{Xp-¡Ä e¦-bpsS ]Sn-hm-Xn-¡Â¡Â. ]pd¯v{]mÀ°-\-tbmsS Im¯p-\nÂ¡p¶ atÞm-Z-cn. AwK-Zsâ B{I-aWw XnI¨pw \mS-Io-b-ambn Ah-km-\-cwKwHcp-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

cmh-Wsâ Zpc´w \mS-I-̄ nÂ ImWn-¡p-¶n-Ã. IY Hcp h«w Xncnªv koX-bn-te-bv¡pw, l\p-am-\n-te-bv¡pw. koX {iocm-a-k-¶n-[n-bn-te-bv¡v. koX e¦-bpsS sFiz-cy-tZ-h-X-þ-e-¦m-e£van Xs¶ F¶ kqN-\.\mS-I-N{Iw ]qÀ®-am-Ip-¶p.

Bcm-[y-\mb {iocm-a\p ]Icw {]Xn-\m-b-I-\mb cmh-Ws\ \mb-I-\m-¡n-b-XmWv A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ{]tXy-I-X. cmh-W\v \mb-Isâ FÃm Kmwò-cyhpw {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. cmh-Wsâ sNbvXn-Isf HmtcmL«-̄ nepw \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-v. FÃm kpµ-c-amb hkvXp-¡fpw e¦-bn-ep-m-IWw F¶ hnNm-c-amWv cmh-Ws\ koXm-]-l-c-W-̄ n\v t{]cn-̧ n-̈ -Xv. {iocm-a-t\m-sSm-̧ -apÅ PohnXw koXbv¡v kpJ-I-c-am-hnÃ F¶v cmh-W³ hniz-kn-̈ p. hn`n-j-Wsâ NXn cmh-Wsâ lrZbw N©-e-am-¡n. AXp-sIm-mWv bp²-̄ nÂ ]cm-P-b-


A\p-I-ev]\w 18

s -̧«Xv F¶ kqN-\-bp-ap-v. Ipes¯ c£n-̈ -Xpw, Ipe-a-lna Im¯p-kq-£n-̈ Xpw cmh-W-\m-Wv. Cu \ymbo-I-c-W-§-fn-eqsS cmh-Ws\ Zpc-́ -\m-b-I-\m-¡m-\mWv {iaw.

GXv A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nepw Bhn-jv¡À¯m-hnsâ Bi-b-§Ä IS-¶p-h-cpw. cmh-W³ kz´w hwis¯c£n-̈ p, hnizm-k-§sf apdpsI ]nSn-̈ p. Hcn-¡epw tXmäp-sIm-Sp-¡m-̄ -h³. \Ã AÑ³, \Ã ktlm-Z-c³,\Ã `À¯m-hv. Imc-W-hÀ apXÂ bphm-¡Ä hsc cmh-Ws\ Bcm-[n-¡p-¶p. `b-c-ln-X-\mb cmh-W³ `à-\p-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ kz´w hn[nsb \nÊw-K-\mbn t\cn-Sp-¶p.

A[x-Ir-X-cpsS CS-bnÂ \n¶v kz´w ]ucp-jw-sImpw {]b-Xv\w-sImpw DbÀ¶p-h¶ hÀ¤-{]-Xn-\n-[n-bmWv cmh-W³. {iocm-a³ DbÀ¶ hÀ¤-̄ nsâ {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Ip-¶p. cmh-W-þ-cma kwL-«-\-̄ n\v ]pXn-sbmcp hymJym\w A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n-ep-v.

hnizm-k-§-sf-sbÃmw shÃp-hn-fn-bv¡p¶ at\m-̀ mhw A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n-ep-v. {iocm-a³ hnjvWp-hnsâAh-Xm-c-am-sW¶ hnizm-ks¯ cmh-W³ ]cn-l-kn-¡p-¶p. acp-̄ sâ bmKm-h-k-c-̄ nÂ cmh-Ws\ `b¶vHmSnb tZh-·m-cpsS IY HmÀ½n-̧ n¨v ckn-¡p-¶p. kv{XobpsS iàn-bn-emWv ]pcp-jsâ hnPbw F¶ hnizm-khpw \mS-I-̄ nÂ ià-am-Wv.

]mc-¼-cys¯ \ntj-[n-¡m-\pw, ]pXnb ho£-W-§sf Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡m\pw {ian-¡p¶ \mS-I-amWv e¦m-e-£van.

]pcm-W-I-Y-bpsS A´-co£w ]p\x-kr-jvSn-bv¡p-hm³ ]änbhn[w kw`m-j-W-§Ä Kw`o-c-am-¡n-bn-«p-v.{]tXy-In¨pw cmh-Wsâ hmIy-§Ä XnI¨pw \mS-Io-b-am-Wv.

e¦m-e£van tIc-f-̄ n-ep-S-\ofw ]e thZn-I-fnÂ A`n-\-bn¨v A`n-\-µ\w t\Snb \mS-I-am-Wv. IrX-l-kvX-\mb Hcp \mS-I-{]-Xn- -̀bpsS ssIbnÂ Hcp ]pcm-W-IY XnI¨pw hyXy-kvX-amb A\p-I-ev]-\- cq]w {]m]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 19

C¶-es¯ ag

F³. taml-\³

tIc-f-̄ nÂ ]t {]Nm-c-̄ n-epÅ "]d¨n s]ä ]ń-cp-Ipew' F¶ sFXn-ly-̄ nsâ t\mhÂcq-]-̄ n-te-bv¡pÅ amä-amWv "C¶-es¯ ag'. ]Þn-X-\mb hc-cpNn {_mÒ-W-I-\y-I-sb¶p IcpXn kzoI-cn-̈ Xv ]d-b-¡p-Sn-enÂ P\n¨ s]¬Ip-«nsb Bbn-cp-¶p. cp-t]cpw tNÀ¶v Ae-ªp-\-Ss¡ ]{´p Ip«n-IÄ Dm-bn.FÃm Ip«n-I-sfbpw Dt]-£n-̈ p. AXnÂ hmbnt¨m Ip¶n-e-̧ ³ tZh-{]-Xn-jvT-bm-bn. aäp Ip«n-Isf FSp¯phfÀ¯n-b-hÀ kz´w PmXn-bnepw, sXmgn-enepw tNÀ¯p. Hmtcm taJ-e-bnepw anSp-¡-·m-cm-bn-̄ oÀ¶ AhÀktlm-Z-c-§-fm-sW¶v Xncn-̈ -dn-ªv, amXm-]n-Xm-¡-fpsS {im²-IÀ-½-̄ n\v H¯p-Iq-Sn. Cu aqe-I-Ybv¡v]ns¶bpw DÄ¸n-cn-hp-I-fp-m-bn. \mdm-W¯p {`m´³, s]cp-́ -̈ ³, ]m¡-\mÀ F¶n-§s\ ]d-bn-s]ä ]ń-cp-Ip-e-̄ nse a¡-fpsS IY-Ifpw {]kn-²-am-Wv.

tIc-f-̄ nÂ A\-h[n PmXn-Ifpw D]-Pm-Xn-I-fpw Ds-¦nepw FÃm-hcpw tkmZ-c-·m-cm-Wv. Bcy-þ-{Zm-hnU kwK-a-̄ nsâ k -́Xn-I-fm-Wv F¶ a«nÂ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Hcp hymJym\w Cu sFXn-ly-̄ n-\p-v.

Cu sFXn-ly-̄ n\v ]e hn[-̄ n-epÅ A\p-I-ev]-\-§fpw Dm-bn-«p-v.

]m¡-\mÀ (I-hn-X) þ IpqÀ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³

s]cp-́ -̈ ³ (I-hn-X) þ Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v

X¨sâ aI³ (I-hn-X) þ sshtem-̧ nÅn

X¨sâ aIÄ (I-hn-X) þ hnP-b-e£van

sFXn-ly-ame þ sIm«m-c-̄ nÂ i¦p®n

\mdm-W-̄ p-{`m-́ ³ (I-hn-X) þ a[p-kq-Z-\³ \mbÀ

]©an (t\m-hÂ) þ efn-Xmw-_nIm A´ÀÖ\w

C¶-es¯ ag (t\m-hÂ) þ F³. taml-\³

s]cp-́ -̈ ³ þ Fw.-Sn. bpsS hnJym-X-amb kn\na

\mS³]m-«p-IÄ þ

efn-Xmw-_nIm A´ÀÖ-\-̄ nsâ ]p{X-\mWv F³. taml-\³. A½ Fgp-Xnb t\mh-ense ]©an F¶IYm-]m-{Xwþ hc-cp-Nn-bpsS `mcy þ Ip«n-¡m-et¯ Xs¶ BIÀjn¨p F¶v taml-\³ ]d-bp-¶p. sFXn-ly-¯nse Hmtcm IYm-]m-{X-¯n-sâbpw a\x-imkv{Xw F´mhmw F¶p Nnń-bv¡m-\pÅ t{]c-W-bmWv t\mh-ensâ krjvSn-bmbn hfÀ¶-Xv.

sFXn-ly-̄ nÂ tNmZy-an-Ã. t\mh-enÂ tNmZy-ap-v. hnizm-kyamw hn[w IYm-]m-{X-§sf \oXn-I-cnt¨ ]äq. hc-cpNn F´p-sImv Pohn-X-̄ nÂ C¯-c-̄ nÂ s]cp-amdn F¶v t\mh-enÌv hni-Z-am-¡m³ {ian-bv¡p-¶p-v.Zcn-{Z-amb {_mÒ-W-Ip-Spw-_-̄ nÂ, hn[-h-bmb A½-bpsS kwc-£-W-̄ nÂ hfÀ¶ _me-\m-bn-cp¶p hc-cp-Nn.A½-bpsS ac-W-hpw, tPyjvTsâ Xntcm-[m-\hpw _mes\ A\m-Y-\m-¡n. kÀÆ-Ú-]o-T-̄ nÂ Ib-dm-\pÅ]mÞnXyw t\Sn-sb-¦nepw AXp shSnªv IqSp-XÂ Adnhp t\Sm-\n-d-§n. Ime-t\-an-̧ -£n-IÄ \S-̄ nb {]h-N-\s¯ adn-I-S-¡m³ ]d-b-¡p-Sn-enÂ ]nd¶ Ipªns\ sImÃm³ cmP-I-ev]\ tXSn. Ah-km\w hn[n Xs¶tXmev]n-̈ v, {_mÒ-W-I-\y-I-sb¶p [cn-̈ -hÄ ]d¨n Xs¶ F¶v Xncn-̈ -dn-ªp. Hmtcm L«-̄ nepw Xs¶tXmev]n¨ hn[n-tbm-SpÅ hmin-bm-bn-cp¶p hc-cp-Nn-bpsS Pohn-Xw. ]Xv\n-bpsS lrZ-b-hn-Imcw a\-Ên-em-¡msX Ah-tfmSv {Iqc-ambn s]cp-am-dnbXn\pw, Ip«n-Isf hgn-bnÂ Dt]-£n-¨-Xn\pw ImcWw CXm-Imw.sFXn-ly-̄ nÂ, "hm Iodnb ssZhw {]Pbv¡v Cc-bpw sImSp¡pw' F¶ thZm-́ -amWv hc-cp-Nnsb \bn-¨-Xv.Ip«n-I-sfÃmw \¶m-bn-̄ s¶ hf-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. t\mh-ense hc-cp-Nn-bpsS a\x-imkv{Xw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.

hn[n-bpsS Iev]-\-Isf adn-I-S-¡m-\pÅ hmin hc-cp-Nn-bpsS Hmtcm \o¡-̄ n-ep-ap-v. {_mÒ-W-]qP shdp-¡p¶ hc-cpNn cmP-I-ev]-\-t]mepw A\p-k-cn-¡n-Ã. Bscbpw hµn-¡n-Ã. ]©-ansb kz´-am-¡m-\pÅ t{]c-Wbpw kvt\l-a-sÃ-¶p-Xs¶ hymJym-\n-bv¡mw. Xsâ ]mÞn-Xys¯ tXmev]n-̈ -hsf ASn-a-s -̧Sp-̄ m-\pÅt{]c-W-bm-Im-a-Xv. Ip«n-Isf Dt]-£n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ ]n¶nÂ kz´-amb \ymbo-I-c-W-ap-v. Alw-̀ m-h-hpw, hmin-bpw, {Iqc-Xbpw IeÀ¶ Cu hyàn IYm-h-km-\-̄ nÂ `mcy-bp-sSbpw a¡-fp-sSbpw \nµ Gäp-hm-§p-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 20

]©-an-bpsS a\-Èm-kv{Xhpw CXp-t]mse A]-{K-Yn-bv¡m³ t\mh-enÌv {ian-¡p-¶p-v. ]d-b-¡p-Sn-enÂ ]nd-¶p.{_mÒ-W-̀ -h-\-̄ nÂ hfÀ¶p. _p²nbpw ]mÞn-Xyhpw XnIª kv{Xobm-bn. Zm¼-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]©-anbv¡pw k¦-ev]-§-fp-m-bn-cp-¶p. hc-cp-Nn-bpsS ]n¶mse Cd-§n-̄ n-cn¨v Ducp sXn C{Xbpw B Ime-L-«-̄ nse [À½-]Xv\o k¦ev]w sImm-Imw. ]s£ Ip«n-Isf hgn-bn-ep-t]-£n-̈ -Xvþ AXpw ]{´p {]mh-iywþ]©-an-bpsS {]hr-̄ nsb \ymbo-I-cn-bv¡m³ X¡ Hcp a\-Èm-kv{Xhpw t\mh-enÌv Is-̄ p-¶n-Ã. ]©-an-bpsS [À½-k-¦-S-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v hnkvX-cn-bv¡p¶ coXn-bmWv kzoI-cn-̈ n-«p-Å-Xv.

t\mh-enÂ ]pXn-sbmcp IYm-]m-{X-ap-v. hc-cp-Nn-bpsS tPyjvT³. t£{X-̄ nse apXÂ I«p F¶ Btcm-]Ww h¶-t¸mÄ \mSp-hn-«p. Im]m-en-I-cpsS ssIbnÂs]-«p. A`bw sImSp¯ _p²-k-\ym-kn-bpsS injy-\m-bn. ]n¶oSv IY-bnÂ tPyjvTs\ ImWp-¶Xv [À½-]m-Z-sc¶ _p²-k-\ym-kn-bm-bn-«m-Wv. A\p-P³ henb]Þn-X-\mbXnÂ tPyjvT\v A`n-am-\-ap-v. ]s£ ]©-ansb hnj-an-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xnepw Ip«n-Isf Dt]-£n-¡p-¶-Xnepw ImWn-¡p¶ Zbm-cm-lnXyw tPyjvTs\ thZ-\n-̧ n-¡p-¶p.

IYm-h-km-\-̄ nÂ hcp-̄ nb hyXn-bm-\-amWv Cu A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ ImXÂ. hmbn-Ãm-¡p-¶n-e-̧ sâ km¶n-[y-̄ nÂ ]©an Bh-iy-s¸-«Xv k^-e-am-Ip-¶p. ]Xn-s\m¶p a¡fpw A½-sb-t¯Sn hcp-¶p. amXr-]m-Z-§-fnÂ{]W-an-¡p-¶p. ]d-̈ n-¡p-«nsb sImÃm³ Hcp-§nb {_mÒ-W³ Xm³ Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶pw, hn[n Aew-L-\o-b-ambn X§sf Iq«n-t¨À¯-Xm-sW¶pw hc-cpNn ]©-an-tbmSv Xpd¶p ]d-bp-¶p. CXv IYm-h-km-\-̄ n-tebv¡v \o¡n-sh-̈ Xv t\mh-enÌv hcp-̄ nb amä-am-Wv.

A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ t\mh-en-Ìnsâ ^ntem-k-̂ nbv¡v {]m[m-\y-ap-v. PohnXw Pohn-bv¡m-\p-Å-XmWv F¶phniz-kn-¡p¶ IYm-]m-{X-§-fmWv ]©-an-bpsS hfÀ¯-Ñ-\pw, [m{Xn-bpw, ZpÀ¤ F¶ Iq«p-Im-cn-bpw, Pohn-X-¯nÂ BÀ{Z-X-bmWv {][m\w F¶mWv _p²-k-\ym-kn-bpsS aXw. hn[n-tbm-SpÅ hmin XoÀ¡m-\pw,]mÞnXyw t\Sm-\p-ap-Å-XmWv PohnXw F¶v hc-cpNn hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. ]mc-¼cyw, hnizm-kw, FÃmw adn-I-S¶vlrZ-b-̄ nsâ hgn kzoI-cnbv¡q F¶v ]d-bmsX ]d-bp-¶p, ]©-an. GXp Pohn-X-ZÀi-\-amWv icn F¶v hmb-\-¡m-c\v \nÝ-bn-¡mw.

Imev]-\n-I-hpw, kpµ-c-hp-amb `mj t\mh-ensâ BIÀj-IX hÀ²n-̧ n-¡p-¶p. efn-X-hpw, a[p-c-hp-amb Imhy-ssi-enbv¡v Bg-ta-dnb Xe-§-fp-v. {]Ir-Xn, \£-{X-§Ä, \Zn, t£{Xw, Ime-t\-an-̧ -£n-IÄ FÃmw tNÀs¶m-cp-¡p¶ ]Ým-̄ -ehpw IYsb Imhym-ß-I-am-¡p-¶p.

C¶-es¯ ag-bnÂ ]e A\ym-b-§fpw Hen-̈ p-t]m-bn. Imew ]pXnb s]mSn-̧ p-IÄ sXmSp-WÀ¯n. Ah DÃm-k-t¯m-sS, `pX-Im-e-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS XS-Ê-an-ÃmsX hf-cs« F¶m-hptam t\mh-enÌv Dt±-in-̈ Xv? t\mh-ensât]cv "C¶-es¯ ag' F¶m-W-tÃm.


A\p-I-ev]\w 21

C\n Rm³ Dd-§s«

]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³

hymk-̀ m-c-Xs¯ D]-Po-hn¨v t\mhÂ cq]-̄ nÂ Hcp {KÙw cNn-¡m³ ]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ \S-̄ nb{ia-amWv "C\n Rm³ Dd-§s«'. Ip«n-¡r-jvW-am-cm-cpsS "`mc-X-]-cy-S\w' hmbn-̈ -t¸m-gmWv C¯-c-̄ nÂ Hc-\p-I-ev]\w \S-̄ m-\pÅ t{]c-W-bp-m-bXv F¶v Bap-J-̄ nÂ ]d-bp-¶p. `mc-X-I-Y-bnÂ ]m©m-en-bpw, IÀ®-\p-amWv t\mh-en-Ìns\ Gsd BIÀjn-̈ Xv F¶p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. kqX-]p-{X-s\¶ t]cnÂ Ah-K-Wn-X-\pw, A]-am-\n-X-\p-amb IÀ®sâ IYbv¡v t\mh-enÂ {]m[m\yw Gdpw. {Zp]-Z-cm-Pm-hnsâ ]p{Xn-bmbn P\n-¨v, ]©-]m-Þ-h-cpsS ]Xv\n-bmbn Im«n-e-e-bp-I-bpw, hkv{Xm-t£-]w, ]p{X-hyY F¶n-§s\ Ak-ly-amb hyY-IÄ A\p-̀ -hn-bv¡bpw sNbvX {Zu]-Zn-bmWv alm-̀ m-c-X-I-Y-bnÂ t\mh-en-Ìnsâ a\-Ê-en-bn¨ asämcp IYm-]m{Xw hymk-̀ m-c-X-s¯-t¸mse CsXmcp bp²-I-Y-b-Ã, [À½m-[À½-§Ä hne-bn-cp-̄ m-\pÅ {iaw AÃ am\p-jn-I-hy-Y-I-fpsS IY-bmWv {Zu]-Zn-bmWv IY ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

Ipcp-t£-{X-bp-²-̄ nsâ Ah-km\w apXÂ¡mWv t\mh-ensâ XpS-¡w. [À½-]p-{XÀ acn-̈ p-t]mb_Ôp-¡Ä¡mbn {im²-IÀ½-§Ä A\p-jvTn-¡p-I-bmWv. Ipń apt¶m-«p-h¶v IÀ®³ F¶ tPyjvT\pthn-¡qSn {im²w sN¿Ww F¶v Bh-iy-s -̧Sp-¶p. B kXyw [À½-]p-{Xsc AKm-[-amb ZpxJ-¡-b-¯n-tebv¡v XÅn-bn-«p. cmPy-̀ mcw GÂ¡m³t]mepw X¿m-d-ÃmsX ]Ým-̄ m-]-hn-h-i-\mbn KwKm-Xo-c-̄ n-cp-¶p.{Zu]-Znbpw ZpxJn-X-bm-Wv. bp²-hn-P-b-̄ nÂ BËm-Zn-t¡ Xsâ A©p a¡-sfbpw Aiz-°m-amhv sIm¶p-I-fªp! AÑ-\pw, ktlm-Z-c\pw h[n-¡-s¸-«p. [À½-]p-{Xsc IÀ½-\n-c-X-\m-¡-Ww, A½-bmb Ipńbv¡vkm´z-\-a-cp-f-Ww, FÃm Npa-X-ebpw {Zu]-Zn-bpsS taÂ h¶p-ho-Wp.

{Zu]-Zn-bpsS Nn´-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv `mc-X-IY NpcpÄ\n-h-cp-¶-Xv. kzbw-h-c-a-Þ-]-̄ nÂ Ib-dn-h¶IÀ®s\ kqX-]p-{X-s\¶ \ne-bnÂ A]-am-\n¨p hn«-tXmÀ¯v {Zu]-Znbv¡v ]Ým-̄ m-]-ap-v. A¶papXÂ¡v kvt\l-hpw, ]Ibpw IeÀ¶ Hcp {]tXy-I-hn-Imcw Xsâ t\À¡v IÀ®-\p-m-bn-cp-¶p. hkv{Xm-t£]w sN¿-s¸«v \nÊ-lm-b-bmbn \nÂs¡ IÀ®³ Xs¶ A]-l-kn-̈ Xv {Zu]-Znbv¡v ad-¡m-\m-Ip-¶n-Ã.P\n¨ Znhkw apXÂ acWw hsc IÀ®³ Gäp-hm-§nb Ah-K-W-\bpw ]cn-lm-khpw Xs¶-bmhmw Bhyànsb C -̄c-̄ nÂ cq]-s¸-Sp-̄ n-bXv F¶v {Zu]Zn Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p.

[À½-]p-{XÀ Xsâ lrZ-b-hy-Y-IÄ {Zu]-Zn-tbmSv Xpd-¶p-]-d-bp-¶n-S¯pw IÀ®-\p-v. Bbp-[-hn-Zy-I-fpsS Ac-t§ä Znhkw AÀÖp-\s\ shÃp¶ A`ym-k-{]-I-S-\-§Ä ImgvN-sh¨ IÀ®\v hwi-a-ln-a-sbm¶pw]d-bm-\p-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. "kqX-]p-{X³' F¶ t]cnÂ A]-am-\n-X-\mbn Xe-Xmgv¯n aS-§p¶ IÀ®sâ Nn{X-tamÀ¯v [À½-]p-{XÀ hne-]n-¡p-¶p. Cu tPyjvTs\ sImÃm-\mWv Xm³ Gä-hp-a-[nIw B{K-ln-̈ -Xv. IÀ®³h[n-bv¡-s¸-«-t¸m-gmWv Gähpw kt´m-jn-̈ Xv sNbvX sXäp-IÄ¡v ]cn-lmcw t\Sm\mhn-Ã. IÀ®³ a¬a-d-ªp-t]mbn!

hyk-\-̄ nÂ Bp-t]mb Ipńbv¡p ]d-bm-\p-Å-sXms¡ tIÄ¡m\pw {Zu]Zn am{Xw. I\y-I-bm-bn-cns¡ kqcys\ [ym\n-̈ -Xpw, kqcy-\nÂ\n-¶p-mb ]p{Xs\ \Zn-bn-sem-gp-¡n-bXpw Ipń thZ-\-tbmsS A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶p. A¶p apXÂ¡v Xpd¶p ]d-bm-\m-hm¯ Hcp kXyw Xsâ DÅn-en-cp¶v hn§n. a¡Ä cptNcn-bnÂ\n¶v bp²-̄ n-s\m-cp-§p-¶Xv ImtW-n-h-¶p. IÀ®s\ cl-ky-ambn sN¶p-Ip kz´w ]p{X-\m-sW¶ kXyw shfn-s¸-Sp-̄ n-b-Xpw, ]mÞ-h-tcm-sSm¸w tNcm³ t{]cn-̧ n-̈ Xpw Ipń A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶p.AXp-tI-«v, IÀ®³ Zptcym-[-\sâ kJyw shSn-ªn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ C¶v Poh-t\msS Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p. am{X-a-Ã,aq¯ tPyjvT³ F¶ \nebv¡v bp²-hn-P-b-t¯msS N{I-hÀ¯n-]-Z-̄ n\pw AÀl-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp¶p!

Ipcp-t£-{X-bp²w Ignªv kRvP-b³ hopw bp²cwK-§Ä A\p-kva-cn-¡p¶ a«n-emWv t\mh-ensâ cmw-̀ m-Kw. ic-i-¿-bnÂ InS-¡p¶ òjvasc ImWm³ GIm-́ -̄ nÂ IÀ®³ F¯nb Imcyw kRvP-b³ {Zu]-Zn-tbmSv ]d-bp-¶p. bp²-̀ q-an-bnÂ IÀ®sâ tXcnsâ N{Iw Nfn-bnÂ ]qp-t]m-b-Xpw. AXvDbÀ¯m-\pÅ kmh-Imiw Bh-iy-s -̧«-Xpw, kRvP-b³ ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. AÀÖp-\sâ A¼v B \nan-j-̄ n-emWv IÀ®sâ incÊv tOZn-̈ -Xv. [À½-]p-{XÀ, Ipń, kRvP-b³ F¶n-§s\ aq¶p-t]cpwIÀ®s\¡pdn¨p ]d-bp¶ Imcy-§-fnÂ\n¶v {Zu]Zn AXp-hsc sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯nb [mc-W-IÄ ]msS amdn-t¸m-Ip-¶p. alm-̀ m-c-X-̄ nsâ A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ kw`-hn¨ Imcy-amb hyXn-bm\w CXp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. hymk-̀ m-c-X-¯nÂ A{X-sbm¶pw {]m[m\yw e`n-bv¡m¯ cp IYm-]m-{X-§Ä. {Zu]-Znbpw IÀ®\pw ChnsS ]qÀ®-ambnA]-{K-Yn-bv¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. cp-t]-cp-sSbpw [À½-k-¦-S-§Ä, Pohn-X-̄ nÂ AhÀ kzoI-cn¨ \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ Chkm[pI-cn¡s¸Sp-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 22

CXn-lmkw IY-bmWv. a\-Èm-kv{X-]-c-amb A]-{K-Y\w Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. t\mh-enÂ ]s£IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-bn-tebv¡v Npgªp sNtÃn hcpw. ]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ ]n´p-S-cp¶coXn CXm-Wv. IÀ®sâ hyàn-Xzs¯ A\m-h-cWw sN¿p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w F´p-sImv IÀ®³ C§-s\-sbm-s¡-bmbn F¶v DÄ¡mgvN \ÂIm\pw {ia-ap-v. {Zu]-Znbpw ià-amb hnIm-c-§Ä DÄs¡m-Åm³ Ign-bp¶bYmÀ° kv{Xobm-bn.

t\mh-enÂ IYm-̀ m-K-§-fn-seÃmw kw`m-j-W-ap-v. Hmtcm IYm-]m-{X-̄ n\pw tbmPn¨ ssien-bn-emWv kw`m-j-Ww. Kmw`o-cy-hpw, HuNn-Xyhpw H«pw tNmÀ¶p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-¡m³ {i²n-̈ n-«p-v. ]Ým-̄ -e-hn-h-cWw CXn-lm-k-̄ n-se-¶-t]mse hni-Z-am-Wv.

GXv A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nepw AXpw \S-̄ p¶ hyàn-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-§Ä tNÀ¶p-h-cm-Xn-cn-¡n-Ã. alm-̀ m-cXw cNn-̈ Xv ap\n-bm-Wv. [À½m-[À½-§Ä X½nÂ t]mc-Sn-̈ p-sIm-t-bn-cn¡pw F¶p ImWn-¡m-\mWv At±lw Dt±-in-̈ -Xv. t\mh-en-Ìnsâ Dt±iw asäm-¶m-Wvþ Pohn-X-§sf cq]-s¸-Sp-̄ p-¶Xv hn[n-bm-Wv,]ucp-j-̄ n\v H¶pw sN¿m-\m-hnÃ F¶ hnizm-k-am-Wv At±-ls¯ \bn-¡p-¶-Xv. [À½-]p-{XÀ, Ip´n,IÀ®³, {Zu]Zn F¶n-h-scÃmw hn[n-bpsS ap¶nÂ \nÊ-lm-b-cmbn \nÂ¡p¶ Nn{Xw A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂsXfn-ªp-h-cp-¶p.

alm-{]-Øm-\-̄ nÂ, \nÀtÆ-Z-]-Z-hn-bn-se¯n A\n-hm-cy-amb ac-W-̄ n-tebv¡p \S¶pt]mIp¶ ]mÞ-hsc ImWn-̈ p-sIm-mWv alm-̀ m-cXw Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶-Xv. t\mh-enÌv A{X-t¯m-f-sam¶pwt]mIp-¶n-Ã. IY ]dªp XoÀ¯ {Zu]Zn "C\n Rm\p-d-§s«' F¶v XfÀ¶v hnS-hm-§p-¶p.

alm-̀ m-cXw \½psS kmwkvIm-cn-I-ss]-Xr-I-amWv Fs¶ms¡ ]d-bm-dp-s-¦nepw aqe-IYhmbn-̈ -hÀ Npcp-¡-am-Wv. amcm-cp-sS-bpw, ]n.-sI. -_m-e-Ir-jvW-sâbpw cN-\-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv \mw `mc-X-I-Ym-̀ m-K-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv.


A\p-I-ev]\w 23

bqWn-äv þ \mevIhn-Xbpw kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym-\hpw

s]cpw-X-¨³Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v

Xt¶-¡mÄ {]kn-²-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-cs\ ]nXr-Øm-\o-b-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c³ AwKo-I-cn-bv¡p-¶XvF§-s\-bmIpw? AI-a-gnªv A`n-\-µn-bv¡ptam? AtXm DÅn-ep-b-cp¶ Akq-b-tbmsS amän-\nÀ¯m³ {ian-bv¡ptam? ]pXnb Iem-Im-csâ hfÀ¨ XSªv "sIm¶p-I-f-bptam'? s]cpw-X-̈ sâ IYbv¡v a\-Èm-kv{X-]-c-amb Hcp hni-I-e\w \ÂIm-\pÅ {ia-amWv Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp-̧ nsâ hnJym-X-amb Ihn-X.

hmÀ²-Iy-̄ nsâ Ah-i-X-bpw, GIm-́ -Xbpw s]cpw-X-̈ s\ Ae-«p-I-bm-Wv. ]Wn-̧ p-c-bnÂ H¶psN¶n-cn-bv¡m³, Dfnbpw apg-t¡m-ep-sa-Sp¯v ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡m³, sImXn-bp-v. Pohn-Xm-Ëm-Z-§Ä AI-se-bm-bn.buÆ-\-̄ nsâ t\«-§sf Ab-hn-d¡mw {]W-b-̄ nsâ Dujva-fX A\p-kva-cn-¡mw. FÃmw s]mbvt]mbhmÀ²-Iy-̄ nÂ Ipä-t_m[w am{Xw s\©nÂ sIm«p-hSn sImv ASn-̈ p-sIm-t-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

"X¨-\m-Inepw Rms\m-c-Ñ-\-Ãm-Xmbv t]mtam' F¶mWv s]cp-X-̈ ³ temI-t¯mSv tNmZn-bv¡p-¶-Xv.aI³ anI¨ Iem-Im-c-\m-Ip-¶Xv AÑ³ A`n-am-\-t¯msS Ip. AÑ-sâbpw aI-sâbpw inev]-Nm-Xpcn Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-¶-Xn-em-bn-cp¶p temI-̄ nsâ {i². aIsâ Ic-hn-cpXv IqSp-XÂ sa¨-sa¶v temIw hne-bn-cp-¯n.AXnÂ AÑ³ Akq-b-s¸-Sp-¶-sX-́ n\v? "RmbÀ ad-bp-¶Xv Xn¦-fm-etÃ?' BIm-i¯v Rmb-dn\pw Xn¦-fn\pw Htc-k-abw Øm\-a-\p-h-Zn-̈ n-«nÃ F¶v tI«-t¸mÄ a\Êv hn§n-sb-¶Xv t\cv. aI\p e`n-bv¡p¶ am\wAÑ\pw AÀln-bv¡p-¶-XmWv F¶v kam-[m-\n-̈ p. A¼ew ]Wn-bp-t¼mÄ tam´m-b-̄ n-en-cp¶ XsâssIbnÂ\n¶v hoXpfn Adn-bmsX hoWp-t]m-b-XmWv XoÀ¨. AXv aIsâ taÂ hog-cptX F¶p {]mÀ°n-̈ -Xp-amWv. A¶v B ssIs¯äv ]äm-Xn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ C¶v hmÀ²-Iy-̄ nÂ aI³ X\nbv¡v Du¶p-h-Sn-bmbnDm-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p. A]-arXyp ]nW-bm-Xn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ F¶v Bin-bv¡p-t¼mÄ, Btcm a\-Ên-\-I-̄ n-cp¶v HcptNmZyw D¶-bn-¡p-¶p. A]-arXyp ]nWªXmtWm? AtXm ]nW-̈ tXm?

Iem-Im-c³ A`n-am-\n-bmWv. Xsâ krjvSn-IÄ A]qÀÆ-am-sW-¶pw, Ah Imes¯ AXn-Po-hn¨v \ne-\nÂ¡p-sa¶pw Iem-Im-c³ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. BZyw ico-c-i-àn-sb, ]ns¶ a\-È-ànsb XfÀ¯n-s¡mv ImewIS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶p. Xe-bm-\-bpsS Nph-Sp-IÄ Af¶v Xsâ Nph-Sp-IÄ AXp Ihnªv hf-cp-¶Xpw t\m¡n]pXnb Xe-apd Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ime-̄ n\p ap¶nÂ GXv "Xe-bm\' bpw tXm-äp-sIm-Spt¯ aXn-bm-Iq.

s]cpw-X-̈ sâ IYbv¡v \qX-\-amb Hcp ho£Ww \ÂIp-I-bm-Wv. Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v sNbvX-Xv. Ihn-IÀ½-̄ nsâ Hu¶-Xy-§-fn-se-̄ n, ]n¶oSv [mcmfw hnaÀi-\-i-c-§Ä Gäp-hm-§n. ]pXnb IhnX Xs¶ IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶Xv Ip-\n¶ \mfp-I-fn-emWv Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v Cu IhnX cNn-̈ -Xv. 1954-þÂ Xncp-h-\- -́]p-c¯vkmln-Xy-]-cn-j-̄ n-emWv Pn.-i-¦-c-¡p-dp¸v Cu IhnX hmbn-̈ -Xv. CXn\v Hcp adp-]Sn t]mse s]cpw-X-̈ sâaIsâ Øm\-̄ p-\n-¶p-sImv sshtem-̧ nÅn "X¨sâ aI³' F¶ IhnX cNn-̈ p.

A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ ]n¶nÂ Hcp ho£-W-hy-Xn-bm-\-ap-s¶p ]d-ªp-h-tÃm. C\n A\p-I-ev]-\s¯A\p-̀ -h-am-¡m³ kzoI-cn¨ amÀ¤-§Ä t\m¡mw. s]cpw-X-̈ sâ Pohn-X-̄ n-tebv¡v ]q¯ shÅn-e-t]mse IS-¶p-h-¶v, C¶v \ocpw I®ocpw hän \njv -̂e-bm-bn-̄ oÀ¶ "\m\n' F¶ IYm-]m{Xw Ihn-bpsS krjvSn-bm-Wv.A¼-e-̄ nse Ducm-×-¡m-c³, tZis¯ \mbÀ {]ap-J³, ImWn-IÄ s]cpw-X-̈ s\ Ipä-s¸-Sp-̄ p¶ \m«p-ImÀF¶o IYm-]m-{X-§-sfbpw krjvSn¨v IYbv¡v \mS-Io-bX hcp-̄ n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

A¼-e-̄ nse inev]-§Äþ alm-e-£van-bpsS ssIbnse Ifn-̄ m-a-c, tKm]p-c-̄ nse Nnd-Ip-hn-cn¨ Kcp-U³, Bänsâ Xocs¯ b{´-̧ mh Chbv¡v hm¡p-IÄ sImv Zriy-̀ wKn \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

AÑ³ aIs\ sImÃm-\n-S-h¶ cwKw hfsc \mS-Io-b-ambn ]p\x-kr-jvSn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. tam´m-b-̄ n-en-cp-¶v, Xmsg inev]w XoÀ¡p¶ aIs\ AÑ³ ho£n-bvs¡, ssIbnÂ\n¶v hoXpfn hoWp-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv."aIsâ tae-Xp-t]mbv hosgmsÃ' F¶v s]cpw-X-̈ -t\msSm¸w \½fpw {]mÀ°n-̈ p-t]m-Ipw.

Hcm-im-cn-bpsS a\-ÊnÂ hcp¶ hn[w D]-am-\-§-fpw, k¦-ev]-\-§fpw tNÀ¯p-sh-̈ Xpw {i²n-¡p-I.F{Xtbm \mfmbn "s]m¯nÂ' Npcpp InS-̧ mWv s]cpw-X-̈ ³. XSn "]qX-en¨p t]mbn'. IS-sª-Sp¯ DS-temsS Xsâ Pohn-X-̄ n-tebv¡p IS-¶p-h¶ "\m\n'bpw DW-§n-t¸m-bn. a\w Dan \odpw t]mse \odn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶p!

AjvS-Zn-Iv]m-e-I-·m-cpw, alm-e-£van-bpw, Ifn-̄ m-a-c-bpw, Nnd-Ip-hn-SÀ¯nb Kcp-U\pw BIm-i-tKm-]p-c-§fpw tNÀ¶ `qX-Im-ew. AhnsS \n¶v tNmcbpw \ocpw hän, A]-hm-Z-hpw, Ipä-t_m-[hpw \nÊ-lm-b-Xbpw am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ hÀ -̄am-\-Im-ew. cpw ASp-̄ -Sp¯v tNÀ¯p-sh¨v Ihn-X-bpsS ]c-̀ m-K-tim` hÀ²n-̧ n-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p.

Poh-\pÅ IYm-]m-{X-§Ä, Iem-Im-csâ a\-Èm-kv{Xw, hÀ®-\-I-fpsS Zriy-̀ wKn aq¶pw tNÀ¶v{Xnam-\-̀ m-h-̄ n-tebv¡v hfÀ¶ A\p-I-ev]-\-amWv Pn.-bpsS "s]cpw-X-̈ ³'.


A\p-I-ev]\w 24

X-¨sâ aI³

sshtem-¸nÅn

1954-þÂ Xncp-h-\-́ -]p-cs¯ kmln-Xy-]-cn-j-̄ n-\p-tijw Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v hmbn¨ "s]cp-́ -̈ ³' F¶IhnX tI«-t¸m-gp-mb {]tNm-Z\w "X¨sâ aI³' F¶ Ihn-X-bpsS ]n¶n-ep-v. Pn.-i-¦-c-¡p-dp-̧ ns\ kmln-Xy-̄ nse Imc-W-h-cm-bpw, Xs¶ ]p{X-Øm-\o-b-\mbpw sshtem-̧ nÅn Icp-Xp-¶-Xp-t]mse tXm¶mw.

hr²-\mb s]cp-́ -̈ ³ Ań-bnÂ, tImem-bnÂ Ccnbvs¡ ]pd¯v AÑ\v Imh-embn \nÂ¡-bmWvaIsâ Bßm-hv. A]-arXyp hcn-̈ -Xn-\mÂ Imew XnI-bv¡msX aI\v AXo-X-tem-I-t¯bv¡v t]mIm³ \nhr-¯n-bn-Ã. AÑ³ XS-ªp-ho-gmsX t\m¡n-bpw, Dd-§m³ InS-¡p-t¼mÄ hoinbpw aIsâ Bßmhv ASp-̄ p-\nÂ¡p-¶p. AÑ³ Ipä-t_m[w sImv he-bp-t¼mÄ Biz-kn-̧ n-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-XnÂ "aI\v' hnj-a-ap-v.

AÑ\v Xt¶mSv Akq-b-bp-m-bn-cp¶p F¶v Bcp ]d-ªmepw aI³ hniz-kn-¡m³ Hcp-¡-an-Ã.AÑ-t\m-sSm¸w \S¶v hmkvXp-hn-Zy-bpsS kq£va-h-i-§Ä {Kln¨ _mey-Imew a[p-c-kva-c-W-bm-Wv. aI³anSp-¡-\m-b-t¸mÄ AÑ³ {]iw-kn-̈ n-Ã, ]s£ AXv "]n©nÂ ]gp-̄ mtem' F¶ hnNmcw sImmWv. AÑ\vssI¸ng ]än-sb¶p hniz-kn-¡m-\mWv aI-\n-jvSw. C\n AYhm a\-̧ qÀÆw sNbvX-Xm-sW-¦n-epw, "\«ssIbtÃm sImbvXq, Rm\-\p-{K-lo-X-\mbv' F¶v aI³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶p. AÑ\pw A½bpw Bew-_-lo-\-cm-bn. klm-b-̄ n\v aIsâ `mcy-bmbn Hcp s]¬Ip-«n-sb-tbm, t]c-¡p-«n-I-sftbm \ÂIm³ X\nbv¡v km[y-am-bn-ÃtÃm F¶v X¨sâ aI³ ZpxJn-¡p-¶p.

AÑsâ sIm«p-h-Sn-bpsS tLmjw Cu a®nÂ DbÀ¶p-s]m-§pw. At±-l-̄ nsâ Ime-Sn-IÄ ]n´p-SÀ¶v `qan-bnÂ kzÀ¤w ]Wn-bm³, {ian-¡p¶ A\p-bm-bn-IÄ hcpw. FÃmw Iv "BIm-i-s -̧cpw-X-̈ ³']p©ncn XqIpw. `mhn-bpsS Cu {]Im-i-am-\-amb Nn{Xw a\-ÊnÂ Iv X¨sâ aI³ Biz-kn-¡p-¶p.

A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ s]cpw-X-̈ sâ aI³ KXn-In-«m¯ Bßm-hm-bn, AÑs\ Ip-sImv ASp-̄ p-\nÂ¡p¶p F¶ k¦-ev]\w kzoI-cn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. `qX-Im-es¯ hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-̄ m³ aI³{ian-¡p-¶p-v. AÑ-t\mSv BZ-c-hp-s-¦n-epw, Xm³ "tNme-bn-e-I-s¸«p" F¶ ]cmXn a\-Ên-ep-m-bn-cp-¶ntÃF¶v aI³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶p. am{X-a-Ã, Xe-bm-\-bpsS NphSv Af¶v Xsâ NphSv AXpw Ihnªv hf-cp-¶XvIm¡p¶ Hcm-\-¡p-«n-bpsS a\-Èm-kv{Xhpw DÅn-se-hn-sStbm Dm-bn-cp-¶p. aIsâ t\À¡p tXm¶nb ]cn-̀ -h-amImw Adn-bmsX AÑsâ ssI¸n-g-bm-bn-̄ oÀ¶Xv F¶v AÑ-s\bpw a\-Èm-kv{X-]-c-ambn aI³ A]-{K-Yn-bv¡p-¶p.

"X¨sâ aI³' cp Iem-Im-c-·m-cpsS IY-bm-Wv. tZh-in-ev]-§Ä cNn¨v Aù-a-am-b-XnÂ A`n-c-an¨s]cp-́ -̈ ³. X¨nsâ cl-ky-§Ä {Kln-̈ Xv s]cp-́ -̈ -\nÂ \n¶m-sW-¦nepw AÑs\ Ih-̈ p-sh¨v hf-c-W-sa¶v \nKq-V-ambn B{K-ln¨ aI³. aIsâ hfÀ¨-bnÂ A`n-am-\n-s¨-¦nepw GtXm DÄt{]-c-W-aqew AXv XS-bm³ ssIs]m¡nb AÑ³. "\n{Ktlm-Õp-Iw, kvt\l-hy-{K-sa-¦nepw Nn¯w' F¶ ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]m-se,k¦oÀ®-amb Hcp a\-Èmkv{Xw Chsc \bn-¡p-¶p-v.

sshtem-̧ n-Ån-bpsS Kpcp-Øm-\o-b-\mWv Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp-̧ v. Kwò-tcm-Zm-c-amb k¦-ev]-§Ä Imhy-§-fmbn cq]-s¸-Sp-̄ p¶ s]cpw-X-̈ -\m-bn-cp¶p At±-lw. \nXy-Po-hn-X-k-¦-ev]-§-fn-tebv¡v Ihn-Xsb Iq«n-s¡m-p-h-cm-\mWv sshtem-̧ nÅn F¶pw {ian-̈ -Xv. Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp-̧ nsâ {]kn²n ]c-̄ nb "tNme'bnÂ\n¶v]pd¯p IS-¶p-hf-cm³ sshtem-̧ nÅn \nKq-V-ambn B{K-ln-̈ n-cn-¡mw. hfÀ¶p-h¶ bph-I-hnsb "sh«n-am-äm³' Pn. bv¡v DÄt{]-cW Dm-bn-«p-m-Imw. AsXms¡ At_m-[-a-\-Ênsâ hn{In-b-IÄ. t_m[-a-\-ÊnÂcp Ihn-Ifpw At\ym\yw BZ-cn-¡p-¶p, AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

s]cp-́ -̈ sâ IY A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ cp Iem-Im-c-·mÀ X½n-epÅ _Ô-̄ nsâ \nKq-V-X-IÄA\m-h-cWw sN¿p¶ a\-Èm-kv{X-]-T-\-ambn hf-cp-I-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-̄ n-ep-a-sX, ap³t] t]mb-h-cpsS ]n¶m-se, AhÀ sXfn-bn¨ hgn-bn-eq-sS, \mw kpJ-ambn \S¶v apt¶-dpw. Hcp L«w Ign-bp-t¼mÄ Ahsc Ih-̈ p-sh-bv¡m³ [rXn Iq«pw. AXv AXn-Po-h-\-̄ n-\pÅ aÕ-c-am-bn-̄ o-cpw. Kl-\-amb Cu Pohn-X-X-̄ z-̄ n-te-bv¡mWv "X¨sâ aI³' \s½ Iq«n-s¡m-p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv.


A\p-I-ev]\w 25

X¨sâ aIÄ

hnP-b-e£van

s]cpw-X-̈ -sâ-bpw, aI-sâbpw IY \qäm-p-I-fmbn tIc-f-̄ nÂ {]N-cn-¡p¶ sFXn-ly-am-Wv.Imew amdn. IpSpw-_-_-Ô-§-sf-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ k¦ev]w \mw s]mfn-s¨-gp-Xn. kv{Xo]-£-Nn-́ -I-fpsS Icp¯vhÀ²n-̈ p. hnP-b-e£van F¶ B[p-\nI Ihn, h\nX Cu sFXn-lys¯ F§-s\-bmWv hymJym-\n-¡p-¶Xv?ho£-W-̄ n-epÅ hyXn-bm-\-amWv A\p-I-ev]-\s¯ {it²-b-am-¡p-¶-Xv.

s]cpw-X-̈ \v Hcp aIÄ Dm-bn-cp-¶p F¶v tI«n-«n-Ã. Ds-¦nÂ B aIÄ tPyjvTsâ ZpÀ½-c-W-̄ n-\p-ti-jhpw AÑ-t\m-sSm¸w Dm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-bv¡mw. AÑ-\mWv tPyjvTs\ sIm¶Xv F¶ A]-hmZw \ne-\nÂs¡, F´m-bn-cnbv¡mw Ah-fpsS am\-kn-Im-hØ? AÑ-sâ-bpw, tPyjvT-sâbpw Po\p-I-fnÂ A´Àeo-\-amb {]Xn-̀ -bpw, kzX-{ -́_p-²nbpw aIÄ¡pw e`n-̈ n-cn-¡-Ww. AÑsâ ]mZ-ip-{iq-j-I-bmbn AhÄ ho«nÂ HXp-§n-¡q-Sm³ km[y-X-bn-Ã, ]ns¶tbm?

Ahn-sS-bmWv hnP-b-e-£van-bpsS "X¨sâ aIÄ' \sÃmcp a\-Èm-kv{X-]-T-\-am-bn, hnizm-ky-tbm-Ky-ambnAwKo-Imcw t\Sp-¶-Xv.

s]cp-́ -̈ sâ aIÄ Nnń-¡p-¶pþ Bbncw t£{X-tKm-]p-c-§Ä Xm§p¶ Kwò-c-amb ]nXr-kz-cq-]s¯a\km hµn-̈ p-sIm-mWv XpS-¡w. AÑsâ ]n¶m-se, ac-̈ o-fp-IÄ tNÀ¯p-sh¨v Ifn-̈ p-\-S-¶-XmWv _mey-kva-c-W. "hmkvXp-hnZy' bnse hcn-IÄ AÑ³ HmÀ¯p-sNm-Ãn-̄ -¶p. AXp tI«p ]Tn¨p Xm\pw, tPyjvT\pwImÂ¡-en-cp-¶p. AÑsâ \nÀ½n-Xn-I-fnse AÛp-X-§Ä Ip hfÀ¶p. ""t]mc hypÂ]-̄ n, {]mtbm-KnIwIqSn-bm-hWw hnZy F¶ a{´w lr¯nÂ ]Xn-ªp.

_meyw apXÂt¡ IqsS \n¶ tPyjvT\w HmÀ¡p-t¼mÄ lrZbw hn§p-¶p. hoWp ap«ps]m«n Ic-ªmÂ sh¨p-sI-«n-̄ ¶v Biz-kn-̧ n-̈ n-cp¶ tPyjvT³. "tZth-{µ-s\-s¡mv \ns¶ sI«nbv¡pw' F¶v A\p-P-̄ n-bv¡mbn kpµ-c-k-¦-ev]-§Ä I tPyjvT³. tPymÕy³ A]-arXyp {]h-Nn¨ P·-am-bn-cp¶p tPyjvT-tâ-Xv. "h·-c-§-fpsS IognÂ \n¶mÂ hfÀ -̈bp-m-hnÃ' F¶v kqNn-̧ n-̈ -t¸m-sgm-s¡, AXp am\n-bv¡msXAÑsâ \ng-enÂ¯s¶ \n¶ tPyjvT³. Igp-̄ nÂ hoXp-fn-tbäv InS-¡p¶ InS-¸nepw kpkvanXw B Npp-I-fnÂ hncn-ªn-cp-¶pthm?

kÀ¤-tN-X-\-bpsS NnXÂ¸p-än-en-cp-¶v, `qX-þ-̀ m-hn-Isf hne-bn-cp-̄ p-t¼mÄ Hcp \nÝ-b-̄ nÂ F¯n-t¨Àt¶ aXn-bmIq F¶v Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p. AS-̈ n« hmXn-en-¶-̧ p-d¯v AÑsâ \ng-ep-v. krjvSn-bnÂsshZKv²yw t\Snb Ft¶mSv AÑsâ at\m-̀ mhw F´mhpw? sImÃm-t\m, hfÀ¯mt\m DZyaw? a\-ÊnÂ òXn-bpw, `ànbpw Xpey-i-àn-tbmsS s]mcp-Xp-¶p. Cu h·-c-̄ nsâ XW-enÂ \n¶v c£-s¸t« aXn-bm-Iq. AÑ-t\mSv bm{X tNmZn-bv¡m-sX, Htcm-fn-t¨m-«-̄ n\v h¿.

Pohn-X-̄ nsâ hgn-I-fn-tebv¡v Hä-bv¡n-d-§p¶ aIÄ¡v s]cpw-X-̈ ³ \ÂIp¶ D]-tZiw CXm-Wv."GXp Zn¡nÂ \o t]mIn-epw, t]mIm¯ t]cp \n³ hncÂ¯p-¼n-se-t¶mÀ¡Ww'þ icn-bm-Wv, AÑsâ JymXnDbÀ¯n-b-Xpw, \jvS-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXpw kz´w hncÂ¯p-¼p-IÄXs¶ Bbn-cp-¶p-h-tÃm.

"hmb Iodnb ssZhw {]Pbv¡v Ccbpw \ÂIpw' F¶v hniz-kn¨ ap¯-Ñ³, hc-cp-Nn, hncÂ¯p-¼n-emWv Pohn-X-\n-tbmKw F¶p hniz-kn-¡p¶ AÑ³, s]cpw-X-̈ ³þ sIm¨p-a-IÄ¡v kz´w kn²n-I-fpsS `mÞ-hp-taän t]mtb aXn-bm-Iq. hmÕ-ey-̄ nsâ civan-bm-I-s«, hoXp-fn-bpsS Icp-̄ m-I-s«, Ah-fpsS amÀ¤-̄ nÂhnLv\-am-bn-¡qSm!

(Hmtcm hcnbpw Cg]ncn-̈ mÂ A\-h[n kqN-\-I-fn-tebv¡pw AÀ°-§-fn-tebv¡pw \bn-bv¡p-¶, Bkzm-Z-Isâ lrZ-b-̄ nÂ F¶pw kq£n-¡m-hp¶ Hc-\-\z-b-amWv Cu Ihn-X. a\-Ên-cp¯n hmbn-¡-Ww)


A\p-I-ev]\w 26

A\p-I-ev]-\-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ

\mS-Io-b-kz-K-Xm-Jym-\-sa-t¶m, t_m[-[mc Ft¶m hnti-jn-̧ n-¡m-hp¶ hn[-̄ n-epÅ Cu Nn´-I-fpsSBhn-jv¡m-c-̄ n\v Gähpw ]än-bXv Imhy-cq]w Xs¶. [z\n-{]-[m-\-amb coXn-bnÂ k¦-ev]-§-fpw, an¯p-Ifpwkv]Àin-̈ p-sImp t]mbn-cn-¡p-¶p. CXn-lm-k-̄ nsâ "IY ]d-̈ nÂ coXn'bnÂ \n¶v {]I-S-amb amäw Xs¶-bmWv Cu A\p-I-ev]-\w.

IY-bnÂ kw -̀hyXm hnizm-kyX F¶o LS-I-§Ä {][m-\-a-Ã. ]pcm-X-\-Im-es¯ inip-k-l-P-amb_p²nbv¡v IYm-kzm-Z\w A\m-bm-k-am-bn-cp-¶p. C¶v _p²n hnI-kn-̈ p, Nn´ DWÀ¶p. s]cp-́ -̈ sâ IY-bnÂ tNmZy-ap-m-bn. F´p-sImv AÑ³ aIs\ sIm¶p? AtXm sIm¶-XmtWm?

B[p-\n-I-I-hnbv¡v hnizm-ky-ambn IY ]dtª ]äq. s]cp-́ -̈ \v Hcp aIÄ Dm-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂF¶v Ihn k¦-ev]n-¡p-¶p. AÑ-t\mSv AhÄ¡v `àn-bp-m-Imw. H¸w `oXn-bpw. Xsâ kÀ¤-iàn hf-cp-t´mdpw AhÄ `b-s -̧Sp-¶p. tPyjvTsâ t\Às¡¶ t]mse B hoXpfn Xsâ t\À¡pw hcm³ CS-bp-v.h·-c-̄ nsâ XW-enÂ¯s¶ \n¶-XmWv tPyjvT\p ]änb sXäv F¶v AhÄ Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p. Pohn-X-̄ nsâ]mX-I-fnÂ Hä-bm-\mbn apt¶-dm³ `b-an-Ãm¯ ]pXnb Imes¯ kv{XobmWv AhÄ. ]gb Ime-̄ nsâsXäp-IÄ AhÄ BhÀ¯n-̈ p-Iq-Sm.

Hcp ]g-¦-Y-bnÂ\n¶v ]pXnb Ime-L-«-̄ nsâ X¯z-imkv{Xw Dcp-̄ n-cnªp hcp-¶Xv \n§Ä{i²nt¨m? AÑ-\pw, tPyjvT-\p-sams¡ tNÀ¶v ho«nse s]¬Ip-«nbv¡v XW-sem-cp-¡pw. "tZth-{µ-s\-t¸m-se-sbm-cmÄ¡v' ssI]n-Sn¨p sImSp-¡-W-sa¶v k¦-ev]n-¡pw. _mey-̄ nsâ a[p-c-kva-c-W-IÄ Krlm-Xp-c-X-bp-WÀ¯pw. F¦nepw bph-Xz-̄ n-tebv¡v Imeq-¶p-¶-tXmsS AhÄ¡v B XWÂ hn«p-t]mtb aXn-bm-Iq. XsâhncÂ¯p-¼n-emWv Pohn-X-¯nsâ \ntbmKw F¶v AhÄ Xncn-̈ -dn-b-Ww. sN¯n an\p¡n cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nbkvt\l-̄ n\v \n{K-l-iànbpapv F¶ [mcW Ft¸mgpw Dm-I-Ww.

PpKp-]vk-sb, AÛp-X-s¯, im´-s¯, ia-s¯, aZ-þ-am-Õ-cy-§-sf, Akq-b-sb, Bk-ànsb FÃmwsIm¯n-¡-f-bm-\pÅ iàn-bmWv \man¶v t\Sn-sb-Sp-t¡--Xv.


A\p-I-ev]\w 27

bqWn-äv þ A©vXnc-¡-Ybpw kn\n-abpws]cp-´-¨³ þ Xnc-¡Y

Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³\m-bÀ

{]Xn-̀ m-im-en-bmb Fw.-Sn. s]cp-́ -̈ sâ IYbv¡v Xnc-¡-Y-sb-gp-Xm³ k½-Xn-̈ -t¸m-gp-mb DÄt{]-c-W-I-sf-̧ än ]d-bp-¶p-v. H¶v, _mey-̄ nte tI«p-h-fÀ¶ s]cp-́ -̈ sâ s]cpa ]cn-Nn-X-amb Øe-§-fnÂ s]cp-

-́̈ sâ anSp-¡n-s\-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ kqN-\-I-fpw, imizX kvamc-I-§fpw {]mNo-\-amb hmkvXp-hn-Zy-sb-¡p-dn-̈ pÅaXn-̧ v, a\p-jy-IY F¶ \nebv¡v Cu sFXn-ly-̄ n\v Icp-̄ pw, kuµ-cyhpw {]k-ànbpw Ds¶ tXm¶-em-Wv. Xnc-¡Y cNn-bv¡m-\pÅ t{]cW F¶v Fw.Sn Xpd-¶p-]-d-bp-¶p.

"aIsâ AÛp-X-I-c-amb t\«-§-fnÂ Akqb tXm¶m-sa-¦nepw Xm\pw AXn-eqsS Pohn-bv¡p¶p F¶tXm¶te Iem-Im-c-\mb AÑ-\p-m-hq. Xsâ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-§-fpsS t\sc DbÀ¯nb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fmhpwAÑsâ ka-\ne sXän-̈ -Xvþ' s]cp-́ -̈ sâ IY-sb-¡p-dn¨p Nnń¨v Fw.Sn F¯n-t¨-cp¶ \nK-a\w CXm-Wv.ChnsS \n¶m-cw-̀ n-¡p¶p A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ LS-\.

Xnc-¡-Ybv¡p thn Fw.-Sn. ]pXnb IYm-]m-{X-§sf krjvSn-̈ p. s]cp-́ -̈ sâ kplr-̄ mb D®n-̄ -¼p-cm³, tImhn-e-Is¯ `mÀ¤-hn-̄ -¼p-cm-«n, aIÄ Ipªn-¡m-hv, Ip-ªn-¡mhnsâ kw_-Ô-̄ n\p hcp¶\oe-I-WvT³, ChÀ¡p ]pdsa Zmko-Zm-k-·m-cpw, s]cp-́ -̈ sâ aIs\ _mey-̄ nÂ kwc-£n¨ IpSpw-_-¡m-cpw.sFXn-ly-̄ nÂ IYm-]m-{X-§Ä ct-bp-Åq, s]cp-́ -¨-\pw, aI³ I®-\pw.

s]cp-́ -̈ \v Xnc-¡-Y-bnÂ IrXy-amb hyàn-Xz-ap-v. AXp-ey-amb {]Xn-̀ -bmÂ A\p-{K-lo-X-\m-sW-¶-dn-bp-¶p-s-¦nepw s]cp-́ -¨³ AXnÂ Al-¦-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. FÃm krjvSn-IÄ¡pw Imc-W-amb Hcp s]cp-́ -̈ -\n-epÅ hnizm-k-amWv hgn-Im-«n. km[m-c-W-¡m-cs\ A¼-c-̧ n-¡p¶ {]I-S-\-§Ä ImgvN-sh-bv¡p-t¼mgpw\nÀ½-a-X-tbm, hn\-b-tam, lmktam BWv s]cp-́ -̈ sâ `mhw. AtX-k-abw PmXym-Nm-c-§-fnÂ \njvT-bpÅ]gb Xe-ap-d-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv s]cp-́ -̈ ³. aIs\ Fgp-̄ n-\n-cp-̄ p-¶-Xpw, IqsS sImp\-S¶vhmkvXp-hn-Zy-bpsS ]mT-§Ä ]Tn-̧ n-̈ p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xpw {i²n-¡p-I. `mÀ¤-hn-X-¼p-cm-«n-bpsS kuµ-cy-̄ n\vinev]-I-e-bn-eqsS imiz-XXzw \ÂIp-t¼mgpw s]cp-́ -¨³ AXn-cp-IÄ ewLn-¡p-¶n-Ã. D®n-̄ -¼p-cm-t\m-SpÅDd¨ kulr-Zw, \m«nse Ip«n-I-tfm-sS-Ãm-apÅ Iq«p-sI-«vþ FÃmw s]cp-́ -̈ sâ kvt\l-io-e-̄ n\v sXfn-hm-Wv.

adn¨v I®³ kvt\l-a-dn-bmsX hfÀ¶ A\m-Y-_m-ey-̄ nsâ thZ-\-IÄ t]dp-¶-h-\m-Wv. k¼-̄ p-m-Im³ X¡-hn[w hmkvXp-hnZy t\m¡n hoSp ]Wn-Xp-sIm-Sp-¡p¶ Bim-cn-amÀ F´p-sIm-mWv Zcn-{Z-·m-cmbn XpS-cp-¶-Xv, Fs¶ms¡ bpàn-bp-à-ambn Nnń-¡p-¶-h-\mWv I®³. ]me-̄ nÂ ac-̧ m-hsbDm¡nshbv¡p-t¼mÄ AÑs\ [n¡-cn-¡-bm-hptam Fs¶m¶pw I®³ Nnń-¡p-¶n-Ã. buÆ-\-̄ nsâ FÃmBËm-Zm-th-i-§-tfm-sSbpw I®³ Ipªn-¡m-hns\ {]W-bn-¡p-¶p. AÑ-t\m, X¼p-cm-t\m, PmXym-Nm-c-§Ät¡m B {]W-b-̄ nsâ KXn XSp-¡m-\m-hnÃ F¶p hyàw.

ChnSw apXÂ¡mWv Xnc-¡-Y-bnse kwLÀj-̄ nsâ XpS-¡w. IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS kz`mhw Zriy-̄ nsâkm[y-X-IÄ am{X-a-Ã, {imhy-̄ nsâ km[y-X-Ifpw Xnc-¡Y kaÀ°-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ p-¶p-v. s]cp-́ -¨³ IÃp-fn-sImv ]cn-tim-[nbvs¡ ine-I-fnÂ \n¶v kwKo-X-ap-W-cp-¶p. H¶v ]ucp-jw, asäm¶v kvss{XWw.IÂ¯q-Wp-I-fnÂ\n¶v k]vX-kzcw Db-cp-¶p. Hme sI«n ad¨ inev]-im-e-bnÂ \n¶v cm¸-I-set\y IÃpfnXmfw krjvSn-¡p-¶p. Hcp hi¯v inev]n-bpsS a{´-[z\n adp-h-i¯v X¼p-cm-«n-bpsS IoÀ -̄\-am-[pcyw cwK-§-fnÂ amdn-amdn hcp¶ hoWm-\m-Zw.

i_vZ-sa¶ t]mse \nÈ-_vZ-X-sbbpw Xnc-¡-Y-bnÂ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-̄ p¶ sSIv\nIv Fw.-Sn. bv¡vAdn-bmw. s]cp-́ -̈ \v aI-s\-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ A`n-am\w \nÈ-_vZ-am-Wv. `mÀ¤-hn-̄ -¼p-cm-«n-tbm-SpÅ at\m-hn-Imcwhm¡p-IÄ¡-Xo-X-am-Wv. I®-\pw, Ipªn-¡mhpw X½n-epÅ {]W-b-̄ n\v ]cn-an-X-amb hm¡p-I-tf-bp-Åq. aI-fpsS hgn-hn« {]W-b-hpw, kvamÀ¯-hn-Nm-c-̄ nsâ km[y-Xbpw Iv X¼p-cmsâ a\Êv hn§p-¶p-v. Bhn§Â s]cp-́ -̈ sâ a\Êv Cc«n iàn-tbmsS Gäp-hm-§p-¶p-v. cp-t]À¡pw H¶pw ]d-bmsX Xs¶asä-bm-fpsS hnImcw Adn-bm-sa-¶n-cn-s¡, hm¡p-IÄ Fń\v? t{]£-I\v kz´w a\-Ênsâ Ad-bnÂsh¨vkrjvSn \S-̄ m³ hnSp¶ hnS-hp-I-fmWv Cu Xnc-¡-Y-bpsS {]tXy-I-X.

Hcp cmK-̄ nÂ\n¶v ASp¯ cwK-̄ n-te-bv¡pÅ {]bmWw XnI¨pw kzm`m-hn-I-hpw, A\m-bm-k-hp-am-Wv. ]Xnª Xmf-̄ nÂ Bcw-̀ n-¡p¶ IY, IY-bpsS KXn-hn-K-Xn-IÄ¡v hnizm-kyX \ÂIp-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 28

GtXm ]g-b-Im-es¯ HmÀ½n-̧ n-¡p¶ hn[w {Kma-Zr-iy-§Ä, A¼-e-§Ä, inev]-§Ä, tImhn-e-I-§Ä,\S-h-gn-IÄ FÃmw ]p\x-kr-jvSn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. BNm-c-§Ä, hnizm-k-§Ä, an¯p-IÄ FÃmw tNcp-t¼mÄ "s]cp-

-́̈ ³' lrZ-b-X-{´n-IÄ sXm«p-WÀ¯p-¶-Xmbn A\p-̀ -h-s¸-Spw.

Xnc-¡-Ym-c-N\ ]Tn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Fw.-Sn.-bpsS s]cp-́ -¨³ \Ã ]mT-]p-kvX-I-am-Wv. a§nb Ccp-«nÂI¯m³ aSn-¡p¶ IÂhn-f-¡nsâ ImgvN-bn-emWv kn\n-a-bpsS XpS-¡w. s]cp-́ -̈ ³ Hcp Icn-¦Â^-eIwØm]n-¡p-¶-tXmsS hnf¡v sXfnªp I¯p-¶p. s]cp-́ -̈ sâ IpSnÂ I¯n-̧ -S-cp¶ XobnÂ Fcn-ªp-b-cp-¶-tXmsS kn\na Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p. IY Hcp h«w ]qÀ¯n-bm-hp-I-bm-Wv.

Zriy-Ie F¶ \nebv¡v Ccp-«n-s\-bpw, shfn-̈ -s¯bpw ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Fw.Sn {i²n-̈ n-«p-v.Zo]m-cm-[-\-bnÂ sXfn-bp¶ kc-kzXn hn{Klw HmÀ½-bnÂ \ns¶-Sp¯v hn{K-l-¯nsâ apJw sIm¯m³ XpS-§p-I-bmWv s]cp-́ -̈ ³. Pme-I-̄ n-eqsS AI¯v \ne-hn-f-¡nsâ shfn-̈ -̄ nÂ N{aw ]Sn-ªn-cp¶v tZho-am-lmßyw {KÙw t\m¡n ]mcm-bWw sN¿p-I-bmWv X¼p-cm-«n. Cu {]Im-i-̄ nsâ km¶n²yw sImp am{XwIYm-]m-{X-̄ nsâ hnImcw klr-Z-b\v ]IÀ¶p In«p-¶p. De-bnÂ Xo¡-\-ep-I-fpsS shfn-̈ -̄ nÂ sXfn-bp¶Icn-¦Â{]-Xn-a-bnÂ Däp-t\m-¡p¶ X¼p-cm-«n-bpw, X¼p-cm-«n-bpsS ssIbnÂ\n¶v ssIhn-f¡v hm§n Ah-cpsSkuµcyw {]Xn-a-bnÂ H¯p-h-¶n-«ntÃ F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ s]cp-́ -̈ -\pwþ shfn-̈ -̄ nsâ km[yX ]c-am-h[n{]tbm-P-\-s -̧Sp-̄ nb asämcp cwK-am-Wv. \oe-I-WvTsâ hc-thmsS NSp-e-X-bmÀPn-¡p-¶p. hnIm-c-§Ä Bfn-¡-̄ p¶ ss¢am-IvknÂ F¯n-t¨-cp-¶p. ko\p-IÄ Hmtcm¶pw sNdp-Xm-Wv. Nne-XnÂ kw`m-jWw t]mepwCÃ. ko³ A³]¯n H³]Xv t\m¡q. "Ip«n-I-fpsS BÀ¸p-hn-fn. ASn-tb-äXv s]cp-́ -̈ sâ apJ-̄ m-sW-¶-t]mse s]cp-́ -̈ ³ ssIsb-Sp-¡p-¶p. Xncn-ª-t¸mÄ FXnsc apd-§Ä hnÂ¡m-\n-d-§nb Hcp ]d-b\pw `mcy-bpw.

]d-b³ (Nn-cn-̈ v) C\n X -́amÀ a¡-fnÂ\n¶v Ifn ]Tn-bv¡-Ww. AsÃ s]cp-́ t¨m!

C¯cw sNdp-ko-\p-I-fnÂ hyXy-kvX-amb ]Ým-̄ -e-§Ä Hcp-¡mw. A`n-\-b-¯nsâ km[y-X-bv¡mWv Hmtcmko\pw Du¶Â \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

Xnc-¡Y Hc-Sn-̄ -d-bm-Wv. Fw.Sn kn\n-abv¡p ]änb kpi-àhpw kpL-Sn-X-hp-amb Hc-Sn-̄ d ]WnXpsh¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. kwhn-[m-b-I\v CXnsâ taÂ kn\na ]Wn-sXm-cp¡mw. IYm-]m-{X-§Ä¡p ]änb A`n-t\-Xm-¡sf Is-̄ -Ww, AhÀ¡v amÀ¤-\nÀt±iw \ÂI-Ww. Iem-kw-hn-[m-\w, Iyma-d, Nn{X-k-¶n-th-iw, kwKoXwF¶o LS-I-§Ä ka-\z-bn-¡-Ww. kpi-à-amb Hc-Sn-¯-d-bp-s-¦nÂ kwhn-[m-b-Isâ IrXyw Xptemw Bbm-k-c-ln-X-am-Ipw.

"]pXnb kn\na hyàn-bpsS Ie-bm-Wv. HcmÄ Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xp-¶-Xp-t]m-se, Nn{Xw hc-bv¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse kn\na krjvSn-¡p¶p'-þ s]cp-́ -̈ ³ Fw.Sn Fgp-Xnb Ihn-X-bmWv, hc¨ Nn{X-am-Wv, AXy-]qÀÆ-ambHcp krjvSn-bm-Wv.


A\p-I-ev]\w 29

A]-c³]ß-cm-P³

]ß-cm-P³ Fgp-Xnb Hcp sNdp-I-Y-bpsS Zriym-hn-jv¡m-c-amWv "A]-c³' F¶ kn\n-a. `bw F¶Ømbo-̀ m-hs¯ DWÀ¯n `bm-\Iw F¶ ck-ap-f-hm-¡m³ ]c-am-h[n {ian-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p.

If-¦-a-dn-bmsX hfÀ¶ _mey-þ-Iu-am-c-§-fnÂ \n¶v HcmÄ F§s\ buÆ-\-̄ nÂ {Iqc-\pw, duUn-bp-am-bn-̄ o-cp¶p? kml-N-cy-§-fmWv Hcmsf C¯-c-̄ nÂ amän-̄ oÀ¡p-¶Xv. A\m-Ym-e-b-̄ nÂ Dt]-£n-bv¡-s¸« D¯-a³ F¶ _me³, \K-c-̄ nse Ip{]-kn² duUn-bm-bn. AÑ-sâbpw A½-bp-sSbpw hmÕ-ey-̄ nÂhfÀ¶ hniz-\m-Y³ ]Tn¨v anSp-¡-\m-bn, Pohn-X-̄ nÂ am\y-amb Øm\w t\Sm³ bXv\n¨p. cp-t]À¡pw HtcOmbþ HcmÄ asä-bm-fpsS A]-c³. \nÀ®m-b-I-amb Hcp aplqÀ¯-̄ nÂ hniz-\m-Ysâ am\yX sXän-²-cn-¡-s -̧Sp-¶p. XpSÀ¶v CâÀhyq, tPmen, t{]a-km-̂ -eyw, IpSpw-_-̄ nsâ kvt\lw FÃmw tNmZyw sN¿-s -̧Sp¶AhØ kwPm-X-am-Ip-¶p. hniz-\m-Y\v Pohn-bv¡-W-sa-¦nÂ A]-cs\ Ip-]n-Snt¨ aXn-bm-Iq. A]-c-\mbnA`n-\-bn¨p XpS-§p-t¼mÄ¯s¶ In«p-¶Xv ssI\n-dsb ]Ww. AtXmsS hniz-\m-Y³ asäm-cm-fmbn amdp-¶p. t{]an-bv¡p¶ s]®n-t\m-sSm¸w Hfn-t¨mSn kpJ-Po-hnXw t\Smw. A\p-P-̄ nsb hnhmlw sNbvX-b-bv¡m-\pÅ ]Ww AÑs\ Gev]n-¡mw. ]Ww Xncn-̈ p-]n-Sn-bv¡m-\mbn A]-csâ duUn-kw-Lhpw hniz-\m-Y\pwGäp-ap-«n. A_-²-̄ nÂ sImÃ-s¸-«Xv hniz-\m-Ysâ AtX Omb-bn-epÅ A]-c³. hniz-\m-Y\v C\n F´p-sN-¿m³ Ignbpw? sImÃ-s¸-«Xv hniz-\m-Y-\m-sW¶ hnizm-k-̄ nÂ kz´w ho«nÂ ih-kw-kvIm-c-̈ -S-§p-IÄ\S-¡p-¶p. sIme-]m-X-In-bmbn ap{Z Ip¯-s¸«v PohnXw \jvS-s¸-Sp-̄ p-¶-XnÂ AÀ°-an-Ã. A]-c-\m-Imw.\njv¡-f-¦-X-bpsS apJ-Ñmb amän {Iqc-amb apJw FSp-̄ -Wn-bmw, AXmWv hniz-\m-Ysâ ]pXnb apJw.

teme-amb Hcp \nanjw aXn, PohnXw apgp-h³ sa\-s¡«v \mw ]Sp-̄ p-bÀ¯nb am\yX \jvS-s¸-Sp-hm³. \½psS kpJ-þ-k-t´mj k¦-ev]-§-sfms¡ Xmdp-am-dm-Im\pw \nan-j-§Ä aXn. A]-c³ asäm-cm-f-Ã.\½psS DÅnÂ¯-s¶-bp-v cp-t]À. HcmÄ \njv¡-f-¦³, am\y³þ asä-bmÄ {Iqc³, duUn. kml-N-cy-§Ä k½À±w sNep-̄ p-t¼mÄ ]pd-̄ p-h-cp-¶Xv \½psS DÅnse A]-c-\m-Imw. kq£n-¡-tWþ kn\n-a-bn-eqsS \ÂIp¶ Cu Xncn-̈ -dn-hmWv \s½ `b-s -̧Sp-̄ p-¶-Xv.

`bw F¶ hnIm-cs¯ DWÀ¯m³ Dt±-in-¡p¶ A\-h[n kn\n-a-IÄ Dm-bn-«p-v. BÂ{^Uvln¨vtIm-¡nsâ kn\n-a-IÄ DZm-l-c-Ww. sIme-]m-X-I-§-fpw, Bß-l-Xy-I-fpw, kwL-«-\-§-fp-sam-s¡-bmbn`bm-\-I-c-k-ap-f-hm-¡p¶ kn\n-a-IÄ \ap-¡p-ap-v. ]s£ "A]-c³' hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. kn\n-a-bpsS Ah-km-\-¯nÂ, Ccp-«nÂ \S-¡p¶ Hcp kwL-«-\-sam-gn-̈ mÂ A]-c-\nÂ `bm-\-I-cw-K-§Ä H¶p-an-Ã. F¶n«pw BZywapXÂ Ah-km\w hsc hnh-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ HcpÄ`bw ImWn-I-fnÂ ]SÀ¶p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶p. CXmWv "A]-csâ'khn-ti-j-X.

IYm-]m-{X-§sf Xnc-sª-Sp-̄ -Xn-epw, BZy `mK-§Ä Bhn-jv¡-cn-̈ -Xnepw `b-̄ nsâ hn¯p-IÄ Xnc-bmw. \njv¡-f-¦X ico-c-̀ m-j-bn-epw, I®p-I-fnepw sXfn-bp¶ Pbdmw F¶ \S³. aIsâ Imcy-̄ nÂ Icp-X-epÅ AÑ-\-½-amÀþ a[p-hpw, kpIp-am-cnbpw tPyjvTsâ Iq«mbn A\p-P¯n ]mÀÆ-Xn. CâÀhyq-hn\vt]mIm³ Dd-¡-an-f¨p ]Tn-bv¡p-¶-Xpw, aI\v tPmen In«m³ A½ A¼-e-̄ nÂ hgn-]mSv Ign-bv¡p-¶Xpw \ÃiIp-\-̄ n\v ]mep-ambn hcm³ AbÂ¡m-cnsb N«w-sI-«p-¶Xpw AÑ³ bm{X-bm-¡m³ IqsS t]mIp-¶XpwBb cwK-§Ä t\m¡p-I. Pohn-X-̄ nse Hcp L«-̄ nÂ \mw Cu cwK-§Ä A\p-̀ -hn-̈ n-«p-v. tPmen In«ptWF¶p {]mÀ°n-̈ p-sIm-v, ]Tn-̈ -sXms¡ Dcp-hn«p sImn-cn-¡p¶ Pbdmw (hn-iz-\m-Y³) asämcmf-Ã, "Rm³'Xs¶-bmWv F¶v IYm-]m-{X-hp-ambn \mw Aen-ªp-tN-cp-¶p. ]ns¶ A]-c-\mbn sXän-²-cn-¡-s¸«v duUn-IÄ]nSn-IqSn ASn-bv¡p-¶Xpw t]meokv tÌj-\nÂ tem¡-̧ nÂ Ccp¶v k¦-S-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw \mw Xs¶-bm-Ip-¶p.kvt\ln-X-\m-bn-cp¶ k_v-C³kvs]-IväÀ h¶v Xncn-¨-dnªv Pb-dm-ans\ c£-s -̧Sp-̄ p-t¼mÄ Biz-kn-¡p-¶Xpw \mw Xs¶. ImcWw CXp IY-b-Ã, \½psS Xs¶ Pohn-X-am-Wv.

F¶n«pw Biz-kn-bv¡m³ hI-bn-Ã. tPmen In«n, tae-[n-Im-cnbv¡v Xr]vXn-bm-bmÂ Ønc-\n-b-a\w In«mw.Hm^o-knse s]¬Ip-«n-bp-sam¯v Hcp \Ã PohnXw k¦-ev]n¨p XpS-§mw. AXn-en-Sbv¡v s]§sf \Ã \ne-bnÂ hnhmlw sNbvX-b-bv¡m³ k¼m-Zy-hp-ap-m-I-Ww. a[y-hÀ¯n IpSpw-_-̄ nÂ hfÀ¶p-h¶ GXp bphm-hnsâbpw k¦-ev]-§-fm-Wv Chn-sS-bpw. AÚm-X-\mb Hc-]-csâ t]cnÂ Cu k¦-ev]-§Ä Hmtcm-¶mbn XI-cp-I-bm-Wv. B XIÀ¨ HcpÄ`-b-ambn \s½bpw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-¶p.

A]-cs\ Ip-]n-Sn-bv¡m³ \K-c-̄ nsâ Ccp sXcp-hp-I-fn-eqsS Ae-bp-¶-Xv, A]-csâ `mh-̄ nÂGtXm apX-em-fn-bpsS amfn-I-bnÂ Ibdn Izt«-j³ ]Ww kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. XpSÀ¶v B ]Ww ho«n-se-̄ n-bv¡m³ sh{]m-f-s -̧Sp-¶-Xv, Hs¡ aäm-cp-a-Ã, ImWn Xs¶-bm-Wv. Izt«-j³ XpI Xsâ PohnXw Xmdp-am-dm-¡n-


A\p-I-ev]\w 30

b-Xn\v A]-c³ \ÂtI {]mb-Ýn-̄ -̄ p-I-bmtb Icp-Xm-\mhq F¶ hniz-\m-Ysâ hmZw \mw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. AXv Xncn-̈ p-sIm-Sp-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.

XpSÀ¶v Ccp-«nÂ \S-¡p¶ Gäp-ap-«Â. hniz-\m-Y³ c£-s¸-StW F¶v \mw {]mÀ°n-¡p-¶p-v. A{]-Xo-£n-Xamwhn[w AbmÄ c£-s¸-Sp-¶p. A]-c³ sImÃ-s -̧Sp-¶p. Biz-kn-¡m³ ]s£ hI-bn-Ã. sImÃ-s -̧«Xvhniz-\m-Y-s\t¶ duUn-IÄ Icp-Xq. Xsâ ih-kw-kvImcw Ip-\nÂt¡ KXntISmWv hniz-\m-Y-\v. am{X-a-Ã, X\n-bv¡n\n hniz-\m-Y-\mbn Pohn-bv¡m³ km[y-aÃ F¶pw AbmÄ Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p. IYm-́ y-̄ nsâ A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Cu ]cn-Wmaw \½psS DÅv De-̈ p-I-f-bp-¶p. IYm-]m-{X-̄ nsâ ]Sn-]-Sn-bm-bpÅ ]cn-Wmaw hnizm-ky-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-̈ n-«p-v. BZy-cw-K-§-fnse XnIª \njv¡-f-¦-Xþ ]ns¶-̧ ns¶ hminbv¡pw sshcm-Ky-̄ n\pwhgn amdp-¶p. A]-c-s\-t¸mse Idp¯ Imdn-embn bm{X. Ah-km-\-cw-K-̄ nÂ, A]-csâ ihw Zln-̧ n¨Xo¨q-fbv¡p ap¶nÂ \n¶v ]Xps¡ {Iqc-amb Hcp Nncn-bn-tebv¡v amdp-I-bmWv hniz-\m-Ysâ `mhw. ad-¡m-\m-hm¯ Hc-\p-̀ -h-amWv B cwKw.

kw`m-j-W-§Ä Xosc Ipd¨v kn\n-asb [z\n-]qÀ®-am-¡p¶ hnZy-bmWv {it²-bw. hniz-\m-YsâIpSpw-_-̄ nÂ \nd-ªp-\nÂ¡p¶ hmÕ-ey-̄ n-\pw, Icp-X-en\pw hm¡p-I-fn-Ã. CâÀhyq-hn\v t]mIm³ t_m«n-en-cp¶pw ]Tn-bv¡p¶ hniz-\m-Ysâ BImw£ [z\n-̧ n-¡-te-bp-Åq. A`n-ap-J-¯n\p h¶v Ie-]ne Iq«p¶DtZym-KmÀ°n-I-fpsS t\À¡v sske³kv F¶ t_mÀUv Nqn-¡m-Wn-bv¡p¶ skIyq-cn-än-¡m-c³ H¶p XesNcn-bv¡p-¶-tX-bp-Åq. Hmô-knse {]Wbw Hcp t\m«-̄ nÂ, ]p©n-cn-bnÂ, tNmZyw tNmZn-¡p¶ ]pcn-I-ap-bÀ¯-enÂ, D¯cw ]d-bp¶ Xe-bm-«-enÂ HXp-§p-¶p. kq{]v Kuchw I\¯ apJ-̀ mhw sImp am{XwHmô-knse Nn« Im¯p-kq-£n-¡p-¶p. Ieym-Wm-tem-N\ apS-§n-b-XnÂ hnj-a-anÃ F¶v Hcp sNdp-]p-©n-cn-sImv s]§Ä kqNn-̧ n-¡p-¶p. aIsâ AtX Omb-bnÂ asäm-cm-fp-m-b-XnÂ X\nbv¡v ]¦ptm CÃtbmF¶p hyà-am-¡msX AÑ³ tNmZy-NnÓw Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p. \njv¡-f-¦-X-bnÂ \n¶v {]I-S-amb amäw Hcp{Iqc-amb Nncn-bnÂ HXp¡n IYm-h-km-\-̄ nÂ hniz-\m-Y³ ]pXnb Pohn-X-̄ n-tebv¡v IS-¶p-I-b-dp-¶p.

Ccpfpw shfn-̈ hpw kaÀ°-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ nb cwK-§Ä {i²n-¡p-I. IY Bcw-̀ n-bv¡p-¶Xvshfn-̈ -̄ n-te-bv¡m-Wv. {]Xo-£-I-fpsS ]pe-cn. tPmen e`n-bv¡p-sa¶ hnizm-k-̄ nsâ shfn-̈ w. XpSÀ¶vtem¡-̧ nsâ Ccp-«v. Ccp sXcp-hp-I-fn-eqsS A]-cs\ At\z-jn-̈ pÅ Ae-̈ nÂ. Zqsc Idp¯ ImdnsâslUvsse-ävþ cm{Xn-bpsS I\¯ Ccp-«nÂ Bfp-Isf Xncn-̈ -dn-bm³ Ign-bm¯ kwL-«-\w. Zqsc, hniz-\m-Ysâ ho«p-ap-ä¯v \ne-hn-f-¡nsâ {]Im-i-̄ nÂ am{Xw sXfn-bp¶ ih-̄ nsâ apJw, BZy-ambpw Ah-km-\-ambpw \mw A]-cs\ ImWp-¶Xv Cu \nan-j-̄ nÂ am{X-am-Wv. XpSÀ¶v aIsâ ihw Zln-̧ n¨p aS-§p¶AÑsâ dm´-en\p ap¶nÂ {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp apJw! AXv Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-t¼m-gpÅ sR«Â. AÑ\pw aI\pwImem-Imew kq£n-t¡ Hcp clkyw B Ccp-«nÂ ssIamäw sN¿-s -̧Sp-¶p. Ah-km-\-cw-K-̄ nÂ NnX-bpsS a§n-s¡-Sm-dmb Pzme-bnÂ sXfn-bp¶ hniz-\m-Ysâ hn{I-asâ apJw Zr-iym-\p-̀ h¯nsâ ]c-tIm-Sn-bm-Wv.

shdpsX IY ]dªp t]mIp¶ IYm-Im-c-\Ã ]ß-cm-P³. Hmtcm IY-bnepw Pnhn-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨pNnń-bv¡m-\pÅ t{]cW At±lw ebn-̧ n¨p tNÀ¡m-dp-v. IYsb Hc-\p-̀ -h-am¡n amäm³, ImWn-bpsSkz´w A\p-̀ -h-am¡n ]cn-W-an-̧ n-¡m-\pÅ FÃm LS-I-§fpw Cu A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ tNÀ¯n-«p-v. P·-kn-²n-bpÅ Hcp Iem-Im-c³ Cu LS-I-§Ä a\-̧ qÀÆw FSp-¯p-tNÀ¯p F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv icn-bm-hn-Ã. kl-P-amb{]Xn` IY-bnÂ Xmt\ sXfn-bp¶p F¶p Xs¶ ]d-b-Ww. IY-bnse D -̄a³þ hniz-\m-Y³þ hn{I-a³ F¶ot]cp-IÄ t]mepw IYm-Im-csâ Pohn-X-ZÀi-\-̄ n-tebv¡v \s½ \bn-bv¡p-¶ntÃ?


A\p-I-ev]\w 31

hm³tKmKv Nn{X-§-fpw, Nn{X-§-fpsS kn\nam {]tbm-Khpw

hn³skâv hm³tKm-Kvþ 1853-þ1880 {]kn² Nn{X-Im-c³. At±-l-̄ nsâ hoäv ôÂUv hn¯v t{ImkvF¶ hnJym-X-Nn-{Xs¯ Ne-̈ n{Xw F¶ am[y-a-̄ n-tebv¡v ]dn¨p \Sm-\pÅ {ia-amWv A¡ndm Ipd-tkm-h-bpsS {Uowkv {Uowkv F«v F¸n-tkm-Up-I-fmbn hn`-Pn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. AXnÂ A©m-as¯ F¸n-tkm-UmWv"t{Imkv'.

hn³skâv hm³tKmKv P·\m Nn{X-Im-c-\pw, hnNn{X a\p-jy-\p-am-bn-cp-¶p. "Rm³ BZyw kz]v\wImWp-¶p, kz]v\-̄ nÂ sXfn-bp-¶Xv hc-bv¡p¶p' F¶mWv At±-l-̄ nsâ \ne-]m-Sv. hyàn kzbw \jvS-s¸«v {]Ir-Xn-bnÂ ebn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv hni-njvS-amb Ie Dm-Ip-¶Xv F¶v At±lw hniz-kn-̈ p. krjvSn-bpw,krjvSmhpw X½nÂ t`Z-an-Ã. At±-l-̄ nsâ tNX\ t_m[m-t_m-[-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ k©-cn-̈ p-sIm-t-bn-cp-¶p.kz´w sNhn apdn¨p Ifª Ncn{Xw At±-l-̄ n-\p-v. Fń-\nXp sNbvXp F¶p tNmZn-̈ -h-tcmSv At±lw]d-ªpþ "Fsâ apJw Nn{Xo-I-cn-bv¡m³ {ian-̈ -t¸mÄ A\p-]mXw icn-bm-¡m-̄ p-sImv Rm³ sNhn sN¯n-¡-fªp!'

A¡ndm Ipdtkmh {]kn² P¸m-\okv kwhn-[m-b-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p. (1910-þ1998) skh³ kap-dm-bv, d-jvtam³,{Uowkv. C¡o-d, Z t{Xm¬ Hm^v »Uv sdbv³ F¶nh At±-ls¯ {]kn-²-\m-¡nb kn\n-am-in-ev]-§-fm-Wv.

A¡ndm Ipd-tkm-hsb hm³tKmKv F¶ Nn{X-Im-c-\n-tebv¡v BIÀjn¨ LS-I-§-sf-¶mhmw? Iem-Im-csâauen-I-X-sb-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ NÀ¨ NqSp-]n-Sn¨ Ime-̄ mWv Ipd-tkmh hm³tKm-Kn-tebv¡v Xncn-ª-Xv. Pohn-X-¯n-epw, Ie-bnepw XnI¨pw hyXy-kvX-amb hyànXzw Im¯p-kq-£n¨ hyàn-bmWv hm³tKm-Kv. Nn{X-I-e-bnÂCw{]-j-\n-k-hpw, XpSÀ¶v Cw{]-j-\n-k-t¯m-SpÅ Iem-]hpw ]SÀ¶p-I-b-dn. Hcp s]bnâ-dm-h-W-sa¶Xmev]cyw buÆ-\-̄ nÂ Im¯p-kq-£n-̈ -bm-fmWv A¡ndm Ipd-tkm-h. hm³tKm-KnÂ kz´w hyàn-Xz-̄ nsâAwi-§Ä Ipd-tkmh Is-̄ p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

{Uowkv hmÀ\À {_tZgvkv Cw¥o-jnÂ kn\n-a-bm-Wv. amÀ«n³ kvtImÀ¨kv Bbn-cp¶p kwhn-[m-b-I³.hm³tKm-Kns\ Ipd-tkmh kz´w k¦-ev]-̄ nÂ ]p\x-kr-j-Sn¨XmWv \mw ImWp¶ kn\n-a.

Im¡-IÄ (Crows) {Uowkv F¶ ]c-¼-c-bnse A©m-as¯ F¸n-tkm-Um-Wv. Bcw-̀ -̄ nÂ Hcp BÀ«v Kme-dn.hm³tKmKnsâ {]kn-²-amb s]bnânw-Kp-IÄ Iv, Bkz-Zn¨p \S-¡p-I-bmWv Hcp Pm¸-\okv bphm-hv, "kqcy-Im-́ n-̧ q-¡Ä',"BÀe-knse ]mew' XpS-§nb hnJym-X-Nn-{X-§Ä Kyme-dn-bn-ep-v. Hmtcm-¶nepw Iymad Gsdt\cw X§n-\nÂ¡p-¶p. bphm-hnsâ BÝ-cyhpw Bth-ihpw ImWn-IÄ¡pw A\p-̀ -hn-̈ -dn-bmw. s]mSp-¶s\ bphmhv hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-̄ nÂ\n¶v Cd-§n-tbm-Sp-¶p. hm³tKmKv hc¨ tKmX-¼p-h-b-ep-I-fpw, {Kma-Nn-{X-§fpw BÀe-knse ]mehpw Abm-fpsS ap¶nÂ bYmÀ°-amb cwK-]Sw \nhÀ¯p-¶p. hnNn-{X-amb hÀ®-§Ä \ÂIn hm³tKmKv hc¨ ]me-̄ nÂ AbmÄ ImÂshbvs¡ Xmsg ]pg-bpsS Hmf-§Ä XpSn¨pXpS§p¶p. bphm-hnsâ Hm«w Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶Xv Hcp tKmX-¼p-]m-S-̄ n-em-Wv. Zqsc ]pdw Xncn-ªp-\nÂ¡p¶ hm³tKm-Kns\ AbmÄ ImWp-¶p.

Hcp {]tXyI tImWnÂ\n¶v {]k-cn-¡p¶ kqcy-{]-Im-is¯ Däp-t\m¡n \nÂ¡p-I-bmWv hm³tKm-Kv.bphmhv ]nd-InÂ InX-s¨¯n hm³tKm-Kn-t\mSv kwkm-cn-¡p-¶p. Xs¶ Nn{X-Ie ]Tn-̧ n-¡Ww! "F\n¡p ka-b-an-Ã, t\m¡q, kqcy³ Ft¶m-Sm-h-iy-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv, Cu tKmX-¼p-]m-S-̄ nsâ Nn{Xw hc-bv¡p-hm³þ A§s\F{X-sb{X Nn{X-§Ä!' hm³tKmKv [rXn-bnÂ \S¶p ad-bp-¶p. At±-l-̄ nsâ hnJym-X-Nn-{X-§-fnse {]IrXnZriy-§-fn-eq-sS.

bphmhv t\m¡n-\nÂs¡ hm³tKmKv Hcp Ip¶n-³-N-cn-hn-se-̄ p-I-bm-Wv. BIm-i-̄ nÂ \n¶v A\-h[n Im¡-IÄ s]s«¶v ]d-¶p-h¶v Zriys¯ Npg-ep-¶p. Ah e£y-an-ÃmsX ]d-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Nn{X-Im-c³ Xsâ Nn{X-§-fn-eqsS Aý-̄ n-tebv¡v \o§p-¶p. AtXm A\-iz-c-X-bn-tebvt¡m? Im¡-IÄ ac-W-̄ nsâ kqN-\-bm-Wv,]p\ÀÖ-·-̄ n-tâ-bpw.-

Fs´m-s¡-bmWv Ipd-tkmh F¶ AXp-ey-I-em-Im-c³ A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n-\mbn kzoI-cn¨ X{ -́§Ä? Nn{X-Im-csâ Nn{X-§Ä {]ZÀi-\-̄ n-\p-sh¨ BÀ«v Kme-dn-bnÂ \n¶v XpS-¡w. Cu {]ZÀi\w hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-̄ m-Wv.bphmhv Bth-i-t¯msS HmSp-¶Xv `qX-Im-e-̄ n-te-bv¡v. AhnsS Nn{X-§Ä kPo-h-am-Ip-¶p. hm³tKmKvImWp-I-bpw, Bkz-Zn-¡p-I-bpw, {]tXyI ho£-W-̄ n-eqsS Nn{X-§-fn-eqsS Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡bpw sNbvX Zriy-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv bphm-hnsâ Hm«w. B bphmhv Ipd-tkmh Xs¶-btÃ? s]bnâ-dm-hm³ tamln-̈ v, kwhn-[m-b-I-\mb Ipd-tkmh? AtX Bkzm-Z-I-cmb \½psS kzXzm-hn-jv¡mcw Xs¶tbm? bphmhv sXmSp-¶n-S-s¯ms¡{]Imiw sXfn-bp-¶p. Ie-bpsS kuµcyw Bkzm-Z-Isâ I®n-emWv F¶v ]tcm-£-ambn kqNn-̧ n-¡p-I-btÃ?


A\p-I-ev]\w 32

Iem-Im-csâ kzXz-tI-{µ-̄ nepw Ipd-tkm-h-bpsS hnZ-Kv²-Icw kv]Àin-¡p-¶p-v. hm³tKmKv {]IrXn Hcp-¡nb hnkva-b-̄ nÂ aXn-a-d¶v \nÂ¡p-I-bmWv. kqcy-\mWv Xs¶ Nn{Xw hc-bv¡m³ \nÀº-Ôn-¡p-¶XvF¶ Nn{X-Im-c³. Ie AXo-X-i-àn-I-fpsS {]tNm-Z-\-am-Wv. Bhn-jvI-cn-¡msX h¿ F¶ XpSÀ¶vhm³tKmKv NSp-e-amb Ne-\-§-tfmsS Xsâ Nn{X-km-{am-Py-̄ n-eqsS \o§p-¶p. Hcp Ip¶n-\-̧ p-d-t¯bv¡v ad-bp-¶p. \nÝ-e-amb BIm-i-̄ n-tebv¡v Fhn-sS-\nt¶m Im¡-IÄ h¶p \nd-bp-¶p. A\m-bm-k-kp-µ-c-ambNe-\-§-fn-eqsS Ah AXo-X-tem-I-̄ nsâ ktµiw \ap¡p Xcm³ {ian-¡p-¶p.

{]Im-i-s¯bpw kn\na ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ n-bn-«p-v. hm³tKmKv F¶ Nn{X-Im-c\pw ]e BwKn-fp-I-fn-eqsS hogp¶ {]Im-is¯ hnZ-Kv²-ambn D]-tbm-K-s -̧Sp-̄ n-bn-«p-v. ]I-es¯ kqcy-{]-Im-i-̄ n-emWv kn\n-a-bpsS XpS-¡w. Ah-km-\-am-Ip-t¼m-tgbv¡pw cwKw a§p-¶p. Pohn-X-¯nsâ A\n-hm-cy-amb Aýwt]mse.

hm³tKm-Knsâ Nn{X-§-fnÂ aª-bpsS km¶n[yw {][m-\-am-Wv. {]kn-²-amb kqcy-Im-́ n-̧ q-¡Ä t\m¡pI.aª-bpsS sshhn-[y-§-fpsS ]co-£Ww B Nn{X-̄ nÂ kPo-h-ssN-X-\y-am-Ip-¶p. hm³tKmKv \oe-bpsSsshhn-[y-§fpw ]co-£n-̈ n-«p-v. Ipd-tkmh aª-bp-sS-bpw, \oe-bp-sSbpw sshhn-[y-§Ä Xs¶ kn\n-a-bnepwkzoI-cn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. am[y-a-§Ä hyXy-kvX-sa-¦nepw cp Iem-Im-c-·m-cpsS lrZ-b-§psS XmZm-ßy-amWv A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ kw`-hn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶Xv Ah-Ø-bn-tebv¡v Iem-Im-c³ F¯n-t¨-cp-¶p. ]ns¶ [rXn-]n-Sn¨v Htcm-«-am-Wv. kÀ¤-krjvSn am{X-amWv {][m-\w. ]Ww, ]Z-hn, ]pdwtemI-̄ nsâ Bh-iy-§Ä, AwKo-Imcw FÃmwX«n-amän Iem-Im-c³ t]mIp-¶p. {]IrXn A\-́ -amb km[y-X-IÄ Ahsâ ap¶nÂ Xpd-¶n-Sp-¶p. Pohn-Xmýw hsc Iem-Im-c\v Aý-aptm? Ie-bn-eqsS A\-iz-c-X-bn-tebv¡v {]bmWw sN¿p¶ Iem-Im-cs\Bbncw Nnd-Ip-hn-SÀ¯n kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p.

{Uowkvþ hÀ®-i-_-f-amb kz]v\-am-Wv. Nmb-¡q-«p-IÄ [mcm-fn-̄ -t¯msS sNmcn-bm³ hm³tKmKv CjvS-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. \oem-Im-i-̄ nse Idp¯ Im¡-IÄþ Xmsg shbn-enÂ Ipfn-̈ p-In-S-¡p¶ aª-\n-d-̄ n-epÅ tKmX-¼p-]m-Sw. Nmb-§Ä ]e-hn[w ]qinb BÀfvknse ]mew. Xmsg ISpw-\o-e-\n-d-̄ nÂ Hmf-§-fn-f-¡p¶ \Zn. ]pg-bnÂ XpWn Ae-¡p¶ kv{XoI-fpsS hÀ®-i-_-f-amb hkv{X-§Ä. kn\n-a-bnÂ hÀ®-§-fpsS taf\w hnZ-Kv²-ambn \nÀÆ-ln-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p.

kn\na Ne-\-§-fpsS Nn{X-am-Wv. Ne-\-hpw, \nÝ-e-Xbpw {UowknÂ ka-\z-bn-¡p-¶p. hm³tKm-Knsâ Nn{X-§-fpsS \nÝ-e-{]-ZÀi-\-̄ nÂ \n¶m-cw-̀ n-¡p¶ kn\na s]s«¶v Ne-\m-ß-I-am-Ip-¶p. bphm-hnsâ Ne-\-§ÄNSp-e-am-Wv. BZyw I®nÂs¸-Sp¶ ]mew hm³tKmKv Nn{Xw t]mse \nÝ-e-am-Wv. s]s«¶v ]me-̄ n\p IosgshÅw Nen-¡m³ XpS-§p-¶p. bphmhv Zqc-¡m-gvN-bnÂ ImWp¶ Nn{X-Im-c³ \nÝ-e-\m-Wv.


A\p-I-ev]\w 33

]qX-¸m«v

CS-tÈcn

]me-¡m-S³ {Kma-§-fnÂ sImbv¯p Ignª kar-²n-bpsS \mfp-I-fnÂ DÕ-h-¡mew XpS-§p-¶p.Imhnse DÕ-h-̄ n\v {Kmaw apgp-h³ ]¦p-tN-cpw. ]qX-hpw, Xnd-bp-amWv {][m\ BIÀj-Ww. ac-̄ nsâ N«-¯nÂ Aew-Ir-X-amb henb Inco-Sw. \o«nb \m¡pw, Xpdn¨ I®pw tNÀ¶p apJw-aq-Sn, amdnÂ Ie-]ne IqSp¶B -̀c-W-§Ä, ssIbnÂ ac-̈ -«hpw sIm«p-h-Sn-bpw, ImenÂ I\¯ Nne-¼p-IÄ ]pd¯v Agn-̈ n« kar-²-ambapSnþ CXmWv ]qX-̄ nsâ thjw. ]mS-̄ nsâ hc-¼n-eqsS \S-¡p¶ ]qX-̄ nsâ hchv Zqc-̄ p-\nt¶ tI«-dn-bmw. Ip«n-IÄ¡v DÕm-l-ambn. ]qXw ho«nÂ hcpw. ac-̈ -«-̄ nÂ sIm«p-hSn ASn¨v tNmZn-¡pw. Ip«n-I-fptm? sIm¨p-Ip-«n-IÄ A½-bpsS ]n¶nÂ Hfn-bv¡pw. Ipd¨p apXnÀ¶ Ip«n-IÄ ]qXs¯ ]cn-l-kn¨vIqhpw. ]n¶mse BÀ¸pw, hnfn-bp-ambn IqSpw. tZhn-bv¡pÅ t\À¨bpw hm§n ]qXw Ducp-Np-äm-\n-d-§pw.]sms¡ ]qXw-sI-«epw t\À¨-bpsS `mK-am-bn-cp-¶p.

_mey-̄ nsâ HmÀ½-IÄ, tI«p-]-g-Inb Hcp an¯v CS-tÈcn "]qX-̧ m«n'eqsS A\-iz-c-am-¡n. "Ip«n-¡m-e¯v AbÂ¡m-tc-¡mÄ F\n¡v ASp¯ ]cn-Nbw tZh-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cp¶p'þ At±lw hyà-am-¡p-¶p. a¨n-\-Is¯ aq¸³, ]qPm-apdnbnse `ph-t\-iz-cn, Xq\n-em-hnÂ sXfn-bp¶ c£-Êv, IY-I-fnse b£n, sNdn-tb-S-¯n-bpsS hÀ®-\-I-fnse s]m«n-̧ n-imNv- þ FÃmw _me-̀ m-h-\sb \ndw-]n-Sn-̧ n-̈ p.

]qX-̧ m«v cNn-bv¡m-\p-mb kml-Ncyw Ihn FSp-̄ p-]-d-bp-¶p-v. tImgn-t¡mSv BIm-i-hm-Wn-bnÂAh-X-cn-̧ n-¡m³ Hcp IhnX thWw Fs´-gp-XWw F¶v cq]-an-Ã. Akz-Ø-amb a\-tÊmsS hoSn\p ]pd-¯n-d§n \n¶-t¸mÄ, Zqsc ]qX-̄ nsâ hc-h-dn-bn-¡p¶ XpSn-sIm-«v, Hm«p-Nn-e-¼nsâ \mZwþ s]s«-¶v, Xms\, cq],`mh `wKn-I-tfmsS ]qX-̧ m«v X¶n-tebv¡v Hgp-In-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. BIm-i-hm-Wn-bnÂ Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡m³ X¡-hn[w Nne an\p-¡p-]-Wn-Itf thn-h-¶pÅq!

]qX-̄ nsâ IY Ihn-X-bmbn Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡p-t¼mÄ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb Hcm-ibw Ihnsb \bn-̈ n-cp-¶-Xmbn ImWmw. ]qXw t]Sn-s¸-Sp-̄ p¶ `qX-a-Ã. ]mh-am-Wv, GtXm Ip«nsb a\p-jy-Xz-̄ n-\p-thn \ne-sIm Ihn `qX-̄ nepw am\p-jn-I-̀ m-h-§Äþ amXr-Xz-̄ nsâ BÀ{Z-Xþ Is-̄ p-¶p.

IYbv¡v C¯-c-̄ n-epÅ Hcp ho£Ww km[y-am-b-tXmsS BIm-i-hm-Wn-bnse "{imhy-cq-]-Imhy' ambnamäm-\pÅ {iaw Bcw-̀ n-̈ p. ""hnf-¡p-sh-̈ p, kÔym-\m-ahpw Ign-ªp. KpW-tIm-jvThpw Dcp-hn-«p. C\nbpwD®m-dm-bn-«n-Ã-tÃm. Dd-§-þ ]qX-s¯-̧ än Hcp ]m«p-tI-t«mfq'' F¶v Xsâ sNdn-tb-S¯v ]d-bp-¶XvHmÀ½n¨p sImmWv ]qX-̧ m-«nsâ XpS-¡w. Ihn-X-bpsS CSbv¡pw CXp-t]mse KZy-̀ m-K-§-fp-v. Cu apJ-hp-c-tbmsS t{imXm-¡-sfÃmw _mey-̄ n-tebv¡v Xncn-̈ p-t]m-Ip-¶p. ap -̄Èn-tbm, A½tbm sNdn-tb-S-̄ ntbmIY ]d-ªp-X¶ Ip«n-¡m-e-¯nsâ HmÀ½-IÄ Krlm-Xp-cX DWÀ¯p-¶p.

]qX-̄ nsâ hchpw {imhy-tLm-j-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv.

"tI«n-«ntÃ XpSn-sIm«pw tNÀþ

t¶m«p Nne-¼n³ Ie-¼-ep-IÄ'

ac¨«-̄ nÂ hSn-sIm-pÅ Xmf-hpw, Nne-¼nsâ Ie-¼epw hm¡p-I-fpsS i_vZ-hn-\ym-k-̄ n-eqsStIÄ¸n-¡p-¶Xv {i²n-¡p-I. ]qX-̄ nsâ BIm-c-hÀ®\ ]n¶o-Sv. "A¿-¿m, hc-h-¼n-fn-̧ q-¦pe sa¿n-e-WnªIcn-¼qXw!' F¶v ]qXs¯ ap¶nÂ Ip-sIm-v, AÛp-Xm-Ëm-Z-§-tfmsS hc-thÂ¡p-¶p.

]g-¦Y ]d-ªp-sIm-mWv XpS-¡w. ]ip-hnsâ ]mÂ I«v Id¶p IpSn-bv¡p¶ ]qX-am-Wn-Xv. Bfp-Isf hgn-sX-än¨p sImp-t]mbn Icn-¼-\-bnÂ Ib-äp¶ ]qX-am-Wn-Xv. hgn-bn-sems¡ sX¨n-̧ q-hnsâ a«nÂNph¶p InS-¡p-¶Xv ]qXw Nh-̈ p-Xp-̧ nb Xmw_q-e-amWv! ]s£ Ct¶m, ]qXw AsXm¶pw sN¿p-¶n-Ã.GtXm D®n-sb-t¯Sn \S-̧ mWv!

XpSÀ¶v ]qXw D®nsb kvt\ln¨ IY-bn-te-bv¡vþ Xpdp-I-®p-ambn ]md-a-S-bnÂ t\m¡n-bn-cns¡ "Bän-sem-en-s¨¯pw B¼-e-̧ q-t]mse' hcp¶ D®nsb Iv ]qX-̄ nsâ amdv hn§n. t]Sn-s¸-Sp-̄ p¶ cq]w amänHma-\-s¸¬In-Sm-hm-bn. D®n Fgp-̄ p-]-Ån-bnÂ t]mImsX ]qX-t¯m-sSm¸w Ifn¨p ckn-̈ n-cp-¶p. Cu `mKwt{imXm-hns\ BImw-jm-Ip-e-\m-¡p-¶p. ]qXw C\n D®nsb ]nSn¨p Xn¶ptam?

IhnX kzm`m-hn-I-ambn A½-bpsS BImw-£-bn-tebv¡v \o§p-¶p. D®nsb At\z-jn¨p \S-¡p¶A½-tbm-sSm¸w {]Ir-Xn-bp-ap-v. Bänse ]cÂao-\p-IÄ \nÝ-e-ambn t\m¡p-¶p. a®v s\Sp-hoÀ¸n-Sp-¶p.


A\p-I-ev]\w 34

A½ ]qX-̄ nsâ IqsS Ifn-¡p¶ D®nsb Is¯n! hopw BImw-£þ ]qXw D®nsb sImSp-̄ n-Ã. A½kz´w I®p Nqgv¶p-sIm-Sp-¡m\pw X¿mÀ! ]qXw ]än-bv¡m³ t\m¡n, Imcy-an-Ã. A½-bpsS hmÕ-ey-̄ nsâBgw ]qXw Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p. Cu `mK-§-fn-sems¡ \mS-Io-b-amWv IYm-Jym-\w. IY \½psS ap¶nÂ NpcpÄ\nhÀ¯p-¶-Xp-t]m-se. CXp-hsc D®n-bmbn Ifn-̈ p-\-S¶ \½psS a\Êv ChnsS A½-bmbn amXr-hm-Õ-ey-¯nsâ thh-emXn Gäp-hm-§p-I-bm-bn.

A½bv¡v Ip«nsb In«n. ]mhw ]qX-̄ nt\m? kvXoXz-̄ nsâ ku`m-Ky-§Ä \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« ]qXwD®n-tbmSp tXm¶nb hmÕ-ey-̀ m-h-̄ nÂ klPamb {IqcX Aen-ªp-t]m-bn. amXr-hm-Õ-ey-̄ nsâ AXp-ey-amb al-\o-bX A½ a\-Ên-em-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡bpw sNbvXp. ]qXw `pX-a-Ãm-Xm-bn. cq]w Ct¸mgpw ]gb `qX-¯n-tâ-Xp-X-s¶. ]s£ `mhw hmÕ-ey-̄ n-tâ-Xm-bn, BÀ{Z-X-bp-tS-Xm-bn. C\n D®nsb Xncªp \S-¡-bÃmsX asä´p sN¿m³? ]mhw, ]qXw. Ip«n-Itf \n§Ä ]qXs¯ ]cn-l-kn-¡-cp-tXþ B tIÄ¡p-¶IpgÂhnfn ]qX-̄ nsâ tX§-em-Wv. XpSn Ah-fpsS lrZ-b-Xm-f-am-Wv.

BIm-i-hm-Wn-bnÂ {]t£-]-W-̄ n\p In«p¶ Ccp-]tXm ap¸tXm an\p-«n-\p-ÅnÂ \m«n³]p-d¯v {]Nm-c-apÅ Hcp an¯nsâ Imhym-ß-I-amb {imhym-hn-jv¡mcw Ihn km[n-s¨-Sp-̄ p. IY-bnÂ CS-¡nsS hcp¶tNmZy§fpw, Ah-bpsS D¯-c-hp-ambn KZyhpw ]Zyhpw IeÀ¶p hcp¶ Cu coXn A\p-I-ev]-\s¯ A\p-̀ -h-am¡n amäm³ klm-b-I-am-bn. Km\m-ß-I-amb hr -̄̄ n\pw Cu A\p-̀ -hs¯ k¼-¶-am-¡m³ km[n-¡p-¶p-v.

CS-tÈcn F¶pw a\p-jyÀs¡m¸w \n¶ Ihn-bm-Wv. am\p-jy-I-Xbv¡v ssZhn-I-X-tb-¡m-tfsd al-Xz-apv F¶p hniz-kn¨ Ihn "Imhnse ]m«v' F¶ hnJym-X-amb Ihn-X-bp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-̄ n-bmÂ Cu Ihn-X-bpsS ZÀi\w hyà-am-Ipw.

C¶v DÕ-h-¡m-es¯ XpSn-sIm«p tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ \mw ]qX-̧ m-«mWv HmÀ¡p-¶-Xv. ]qXw sI«n-bm-Sp-¶Xp ImWp-t¼mÄ ]qX-̄ n-\p-Ånse ]mhw A½-sb-bmWv HmÀ½n-bv¡p-¶-Xv. A{Xbv¡pw tIc-fo-b-lr-Z-b-§-fnÂ amäw hcp-̄ m³ Cu A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ n\v km[n-̈ n-«p-v.


A\p-I-ev]\w 35

Ipähpw in£bpwZkvX-tbhvkv¡n

kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym\w þ s{]m^. Un. X¦-̧ ³\m-bÀ1866þÂ cNn¨ "Ipähpw in£bpw' ZkvX-tbhvkv¡nbpsS Gähpw {]i-kvX-amb t\mh-em-Wv. {]Y-a-

ZrjvSm Ipäm-t\z-j-W-I-Y-bm-sW-¦nepw Ipä-hm-fn-bpsS a\-Èm-kv{X-amWv Cu t\mh-ensâ ImXÂ. Ipäw sN¿p-¶-h³ in£ Gäp-hm-§ntb ]äq. {]mb-Ýn-̄ -amWv ]m]-]-cn-lm-cw. kml-N-cy-§-fmWv Hcmsf Ipäw sN¿m³t{]cn-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]s£ AXn-I-Tn-\-amb ]m]-t_m[w Abmsf Ae-«n-s¡m-n-cn-¡pw. ]oUm-\p-̀ -h-§-fn-eq-sS,{]mb-Ýn-̄ -̄ n-eqsS ]p\-cp-²m\w t\Sp-Iþ ZkvX-tbhvkv¡n a\p-jy-hw-i-̄ n\p \ÂIp¶ ktµiw CXm-Wv.

skâv ]otägvkv _À¤nse Hcp Zcn-{Z-hn-ZymÀ°n-bmWv dkvt¡mÄ \n¡-hv. ]W-b-ambn km[-\-§Ähm§n sh¨v ]Ww ISwsImSp-¡p¶ Hcp hr²sb sImÃm³ AbmÄ X¿m-sd-Sp-¡p-¶p. bmZr-Ýn-I-ambn hr²-tbm-sSm¸w ktlm-Z-cn-sbbpw sImtÃ-n-h-cp-¶p. Ipd-̈ p-t\cw Hfn-̈ p-\n¶ tijw hmS-I-ap-dn-bnÂ Xncn-s¨-¯n-b-t¸mÄ IS-¶p-h¶ t]meo-kns\ Iv BsI `b-s -̧Sp-¶p. hmSI IrXy-ambn sImSp-¡m-̄ -Xn\p e`n¨]cmXn At\z-jn-¡m-\mWv t]meokv h¶-Xv. F¶-dn-bp-t¼mÄ sXÃv Biz-kn-¡p-¶p. t]meokv tÌj-\nÂF¯n t_m[w sI«p-t]m-Ip¶ dkvt¡mÄ \n¡-hns\ t]meokv sIme-]m-XIn F¶ \ne-bnÂ kwi-bn¨p XpS-§p-¶p. ]{X-dn-t¸mÀ«p-IÄ sIme-]m-X-I-s¯-¡p-dn¨v F´p ]d-bp¶p F¶v At\z-jn¨v \S-¡p-¶p.dkvtImÄ\n-¡-hnsâ ]n¶mse Hcp Ipäm-t\z-j-I\pw hnSmsX IqSn.

\K-c-̄ nse tNcn-{]-tZ-i-¯p-sh¨v ]cn-N-b-s¸« aÀ½n-emZvhv F¶ IpSn-bsâ acWw dkvtImÄ\n-¡-hns\ Nn´m-Ip-e-\m-¡n. Bß-l-Xy-sb-¡p-dn-̈ pw, A]-I-S-a-c-W-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw AbmÄ Nn´n-̈ p-Xp-S-§n. aÀ½n-em-Z-hnsâ IpSpw-_s¯ klm-bn-¡m³ AbmÄ ssIh-i-apÅ XpI sImSp-̄ p. A§s\ aÀ½n-em-Z-hnsâaIÄ tkm\y dkvt¡mÄ\n-¡-hnsâ kplr-̄ m-bn. CXn-en-Sbv¡v ktlm-Z-cn-bmb Zp\ysb \sÃm-cm-fpsSssIbnÂ Gev]n-¡m³ dkvt¡mÄ \n¡hv {ian-¡p-¶p-v. A½-sb-¡p-dn¨pw AbmÄ¡v \Ã Icp-X-ep-v.kvhn{Zn-Km-bvehv Zq\ysb hnhmlw Ign-bv¡m³ B{K-ln-¡p-¶p-v. dkvt¡mÄ \n¡hv Xsâ Ipä-IrXywtkm\y-tbmSv Gäp-]-d-bp-¶Xv kvhn{Zn-Km-bvehv Hfn-̈ p-\n¶p tI«p. AX-§s\ Zq\y-bpsS sNhn-bn-ep-sa-̄ n.

tkm\y, Zq\y, A½ Ch-cp-sS-sbÃmw k½-X-t¯m-Spw, t{]c-W-tbmSpw IqSn dkvt¡mÄ \n¡hvt]meokv tÌj-\nÂ sN¶v Ipäw Gäw ]d-bp-¶p. ssk_o-cn-b-bnÂ F«p-hÀjs¯ ITn-\-X-S-hmWv in£.tkm\y Abmsf ]n´p-SÀ¶p. Ahn-Ss¯ Ipä-hm-fn-IÄs¡Ãmw tkm\y kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb hgn-Im-«n-bm-bn-¯o-cp-¶p.

ss__n-fnse emk-dnsâ IY t\mh-ense hgn-̄ n-cn-hmWv "Rm³ Xs¶ ]p\-cp-²m-\hpw Poh-\p-am-Ip-¶p. F¶nÂ hniz-kn-¡p-¶-hÀ acn-̈ mepw Pohn-¡pw. Pohn-̈ n-cp¶ F¶nÂ hniz-kn-¡p-¶-hÀ Bcpw Hcp\mfpw acn-¡p-I-bnÃ' F¶o ss__nÄ hN-\-§-fmWv. dkvt¡mÄ \n¡-hns\ ]pXn-sbmcp a\p-jy-\m-¡n-¯oÀ¡p-¶-Xv. sNbvX Ipä-̄ n\v BZyw a\-Êm-£n-bpsS ]oU\w Gäp-hm-§n. ]ns¶ kaq-l-̄ nsâ XpSÀ¶vtbip-hn-s\-t¸mse ico-c-s¯bpw ]oUm-\p-̀ -h-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am-¡n. A§s\ dkvt¡mÄ \n¡hv {Iam-\p-K-X-amb \ho-I-c-W-̄ nsâ ]S-hp-I-fn-tebv¡v Ib-dn-t¸m-Ip-¶p.

kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym-\-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ Cu A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¡mw.{]kn-²-amb djy³ t\mh-em-Wv, AXv ae-bm-fn-IÄ ]cn-N-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡Ww F¶ e£yw {][m-\-am-Wv. ZkvX-tb-hvkv¡n-bpsS A\-\y-amb alXzw F´v F¶v ae-bm-fn-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. djy-\n-se-gp-Xnb t\mh-ensâCw¥ojv ]cn-̀ m-j-bnÂ \n¶m-IWw ae-bm-f-̄ n-te-bv¡pÅ hnhÀ¯-\w.

djy³ Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-§Ä tIc-f-̄ n-te-XnÂ \n¶v hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. {]tXy-In¨v 1866-þÂ cNn¨t\mhÂ. djy³ Øe-§Ä, t]cp-IÄ Ch-sbÃmw ae-bm-fn¡v {]bm-k-ap-m-¡p-¶-h. [mcmfw IYm-]m-{X-§Ä.AhÀ X½n-epÅ _Ôw HmÀ½-bnÂ sh¨mte IY icn¡v a\-Ên-em-hq.

A\p-I-ev]\w kpK-a-am-I-Wwþt\mh-se¶ \nebv¡v XS-Ê-an-ÃmsX hmbn-¡m-\m-I-Ww. AXn\v kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym-\-amWv \Ã-Xv. djy³ t]cp-IÄ hyXym-k-s¸-Sp-̄ n-bn-«n-Ã. ]s£ ]p\-cm-Jym-\-̄ nsâ HmtcmL«-̄ nepw IYm-]m-{X-§Ä X½nepÅ _Ôw hyà-ambn ]d-bp-¶p-v. aqe-I-Y-bnÂ \n¶v hyXy-kvX-ambn NnecwK-§Ä ]p\-Êw-hn-[m\w sNbvXn-«p-v. Hcp cwK-̄ nsâ XpSÀ¨ AXnsâ ASp-̄ p-Xs¶ sImp-h-¶mÂIYm-KXn thKw ]nSn-In-«pw. ]Zm-\p-]-Z-XÀÖa Dt]-£n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Nne hmIy-§-fpw, hni-Zo-I-c-W-§fpw hn«p-I-f-ªn-«p-ap-v.IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS kw`m-j-W-̄ nÂ kzm`m-hn-IX hcp-̄ m³ ae-bm-f-ssien kzoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p.kw{K-l-W-̄ nÂ Cw¥o-jnse 472 t]PpÅ t\mhÂ aq¶n-sem-¶mbn Ipd-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. am\-kn-I-amb DÄ¡m-gvNbv¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIn. km[m-cW hnhÀ¯-\-§-fnÂ \n¶v IY-bpw, kw`-h-§fpw a\-Ên-em-¡m³{]bmkw A\p-̀ -h-s¸-Spw. s{]m^. X¦-̧ ³\m-b-cpsS kwKr-loX hnhÀ¯-\-̄ nÂ IY A\m-bm-k-ambn hmbn-¨p-t]m-Imw. {][m-\-s¸« kw`-h-§-fn-eqsS IYm-KXn Adnªp Ign-ªmÂ¸ns¶ ZkvX-tb-hvkv¡n-bpsS Pohn-X-ZÀi-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Adn-bm³ {ian-¡mw. ZkvX-tb-h-kv¡n-bpsS al-Xz-̄ n\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-mWv Cu kwKr-loX ]p\-cm-Jym\w {it²-b-am-Ip-¶-Xv.


A\p-I-ev]\w 36

amen-`m-cXw

amen F¶ am[-h³\m-bÀ _me-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ [mcmfw Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v. alm-̀ m-c-X-̄ nsâ Imcy-¯nepw At±lw XÀÖ-a-bv¡mbn kzoI-cn¨ coXn hyXy-kvX-a-Ã. `mj XnI¨pw efn-Xhpw kpXm-cy-hp-am-Wv.AtX-k-abw _me-km-ln-Xy-̄ nÂ kzoI-cn-bv¡m-dpÅXpt]mse hÀ®-\-Itfm kw`m-j-W-§tfm tNÀ¯n-«n-Ã.hymk-̀ m-c-Xs¯ BZ-cn-̈ p-sIm-p-X-s¶, IY-I-fn-tem, ]ÀÆ-§-fpsS hn\ym-k-̄ ntem Hcp hyXym-khpw hcp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã.

hymksâ alm-̀ m-cXw \½psS kmwkv¡m-cnI ss]Xr-I-am-Wv. F¦nepw AXv ]qÀ®-ambn DÄs¡m-Åm³A[n-I-amÀ¡pw km[n-̈ n-«n-Ã. alm-̀ m-cXw apgp-h-\mbn ae-bm-f-̄ nÂ hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXXv Ipªn-¡p-«³X¼p-cm-\m-Wv. tÇmI-cq-]-̄ n-epÅ hnhÀ¯\w efn-X-am-sW-¦nepw hmbn-̈ p-]-Tn-bv¡m³ apXnÀ¶-hÀ Ipd-hm-Wv. alm-̀ m-c-X-̄ n\v KZy-hn-hÀ¯-\-§fpw Dv. AXnÂ amen-̀ m-c-X-amWv Gähpw P\-Io-bw. Ip«n-¡r-jvW-am-cm-cpsS `mc-X-]-cy-S-\-̄ n-eq-sS-bmWv `mc-X-I-Ym-k-µÀ -̀§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sm-\pw, hne-bn-cp-̄ p-hm\pw Ah-k-c-ap-m-bn-«p-Å-Xv.

`mc-X-]-cy-S\w amcm-cpsS hymJym-\-§Ä sImv Gsd {it²-b-am-bn-«p-v. Nne IYm-]m-{X-§-tfmSv amcmÀ¡v{]tXyI {]Xn-]-̄ n-bp-v. DZm-l-c-W-̄ n\v IÀ®³, D¶-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-s\-¦nepw kqX-]p-{X³ F¶v A]-l-kn-¡-s -̧«v, Pohn-Xs¯ Zpc-́ -¯n-tebv¡v \bn¨ IÀ®-t\mSv amcmÀ¡v {]tXyI aaX DÅ-Xp-t]mse tXm¶pw.Aw_, ]c-ip-cm-a³, [À½-]p-{XÀ, AÀÖp-\³, [rX-cm-jv{SÀ, KmÔm-cn, Ip´n, {Zu]Zn F¶n-h-scms¡ a\-Èm-kv{X-]-T-\-̄ n\v hnt[-b-cm-Ip-¶p. `mc-X-cw-K-§sf Zriy-h-Xv¡-cn-¡m-\pw, \mS-Io-b-am-¡m\pw amcmcv hÀ®-\-I-fn-eqsS {ian-̈ n-«p-ap-v.

amen-̀ m-cXw C¯-c-̄ n-epÅ hymJym-\-§Ät¡m, ]£-]m-X-̄ nt\m CSw sImSp-¡p-¶n-Ã. hÀ®-\-I-fnÂ \mS-Io-b-Xbpw IeÀ¯n-bn-«n-Ã. alm-̀ m-cXw AtX-]Sn hmbn¨p a\-Ên-em-¡m³ amen-̀ m-cXw klm-bn-¡p-¶p. Bcp-sSbpw klm-b-an-ÃmsX kz´w A`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn-¡m³ C¯-c-samcp kao-]\w hmb-\-¡m-cs\ klm-bn-¡pw.

`mc-X-]-cy-S-\wþ A\p-I-ev]\w F¶ \ne-bnÂ

A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nÂ Bhn-jv¡À¯m-hnsâ hyàn-Xz-̄ nsâ {]tXy-I-X-IÄ¡v hf-sc-tbsd{]m[m-\y-ap-v F¶v ]d-ªp-sh-̈ p-h-tÃm. "`mc-X-]-cy-S\w' F¶ hnJym-X-Ir-Xn-bpsS ]n¶nÂ amcm-cpsS hyàn-Xz-̄ nsâ kzm[o\w {]I-S-am-Wv. Hc-¼-e-hmkn IpSpw-_-̄ nÂ P\n-̈ p. A½-bpsS ]pcm-W-I-Ym-Jym-\-§ÄtI«p hfÀ¶p. kwkvIr-X-̄ nÂ BZy-Ime hnZym-̀ ymkw t\Sn. hÅ-t¯mÄ, \me-̧ m«p \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³F¶n-h-cpsS ]ptcm-K-a-\-Nn- -́I-fp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-«p. `mc-X-I-Ym-k-µÀ`-§sf ap³\nÀ¯n cho-{µ-\m-Y-Sm-tKmÀFgp-Xnb {]_-Ô-§Ä hmbn¨v {]tNm-Z\w t\Sn.

"Cu ]pkvXIw hnj-b-̄ n\p Npäp-apÅ "]cn-{Ia {]Z-£n-W-a-Ã, hn{Klw ]p\-{]-Xn-jvTn-bv¡m-\pÅ ]cn-{i-a-hp-a-Ã, BJym-\-̄ n-sâ-bpw. HmSn-̈ p-sIm-smcp hymJym-\-̄ n-sâbpw AÀ°-KÀ -̀§-fmb a\x-im-kv{X-]mÀtizm-tZym-X-I-§-fp-sSbpw Hcp an{i-W-as{X' F¶v apJ-hp-c-bnÂ ]d-bp-¶Xv {i²n-¡p-I. `mc-X-]-cy-S\w a\-Ên-cp¯nH¶p cm-hÀ¯n hmbn-bv¡-Ww. `mc-X-I-Ym-k-µÀ -̀§Ä icnbv¡pw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. AXn\v amcmÀ\ÂIp¶ hymJym-\-§Ä {i²n-¡-Ww. XpSÀ¶v Ah-bpsS icn-bpw, icn-tISpw kz´w a\-Ên-en«v ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww. F¶n«v Cu ]T\w hmbn-bv¡p-I. amcm-cpsS A\p-I-ev]-\-̄ nsâ {]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv \½psS ]T-\-hn-j-bw.

`mc-X-I-Ym-k-µÀ`-§Ä Xnc-sª-Sp-̄ -Xnse {i². \mS-Io-b-X-bpw, kwLÀj-§fpw apän-\nÂ¡p¶IYmkµÀ -̀§Ä Xs¶ kzoI-cn-̈ p.

DZm:-þIÀ®sâ Ac-t§-äw. Bbp-[-hn-Zy-bpsS ]co-£WthZn-bnÂ Hcp hi¯v AÀÖp-\³, adp-h-i¯vIÀ®³. HcmÄ¡p aosX taL-Ñm-b, asä-bmÄ¡p aosX kqcy-tim-̀ . \Sp-hnÂ Ai-c-W-bmb A½,Ip´n (IÀ®sâ Ac-t§-äw) bmKm-iz-̄ n\p ]n¶nÂ hnP-b-KÀthmtS F¯p¶ AÀÖp-\sâ ap¶nÂs]§-fmb ZpÈ-fþ t]c-¡p-«n-bpsS Pohs\ c£n-¡tW F¶ At]-£-bp-ambn.

(AÀÖp-\-hn-jm-Z-tbm-Kw)

2. BZyw IYm-Jym-\w, ]ns¶ hymJym\w F¶ Nn« FÃm teJ-\-§Ä¡pw kzoI-cn-̈ p. Cu coXn hmb-\-¡mÀkt´m-j-t¯msS kzoI-cn-¨p. BZy-̀ m-K-̄ n-eqsS `mc-X-IY hni-Zmw-i-§-tfmsS ]cn-N-b-s¸-Smw. cmw-`m-K-̄ nÂ AtX-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ Nn´-IÄ ka-\z-bn-¡mw.


A\p-I-ev]\w 37

3. ]mÞn-Xy-̄ nsâ Imcy-̄ nÂ ]qÀÆ-Ime ]Tn-Xm-¡sf AXn-i-bn-¡p¶ {Kmlyw amcmÀ¡p-v. HmtcmIYm-]m-{X-̄ n-sâbpw hwi-N-cn-{Xw, IY-bpsS DÄ¸n-cn-hp-IÄ, alm-̀ m-cX-¯nÂ\n¶v D²-cn-¡p¶kwkvIr-X-tÇm-I-§Ä, FÃmw tNcp-t¼mÄ `mc-X-]-cy-S-\-̄ n\v Xpeyw asäm-c-\p-I-ev]\w CÃ.

4. F¦nepw ]mÞn-Xy-t¯-¡m-tfsd Cu `mc-X-]-T\w {it²-b-am-Ip-¶Xv amcmÀ \ÂIp¶ hymJym-\-§ÄsImm-Wv. A]qÀÆ-amb {]Xn-̀ -bp-sS-bpw, DÄ¡m-gvN-bp-sSbpw kv^pcWw IYm-k-µÀ -̀§-fpsS hymJym-\-̄ n-ep-v. Xtâ-S-t¯msS Imcy-§Ä Xpd-¶-Sn-bv¡m-\pÅ Ignhv A]mcw Xs¶.

DZm:-þ òjvaÀ AÑ-\p-thn {_Ò-Ncyw kzoI-cn-̈ p. i]Yw sNbvX-t¸mÄ AXnsâ alXzw HmÀ¯p-Im-Wn-Ã. ]n¶oSv Pohn-X-̄ nÂ AXp \¶mbn F¶ t_m[yw h¶n-cn-¡Ww

("ò-jva-{]-Xn-Ú'þ amcmcpsS hymJym-\w)

Aw_sb klm-bn-¡m³ ]c-ip-cm-as\ t{]cn-̧ n-̈ Xv a\-ÊnÂ AS-¡n-sh¨ cXn-̀ m-h-am-Wv. B{i-a-\n-hm-kn-IÄ¡pw kv{Xosb I-t¸mÄ Dmb klm-b-a-\-Øn-Xnbv¡p ]n¶nÂ cXn Xs¶.

("Aw_' amcm-cpsS hymJym-\w)

Im«nÂsh¨v [À½-]p-{X-sc-bpw, ktlm-Z-c-·m-scbpw I amÀ¡-WvtT-b-ap-\n-bpsS Nncnbv¡v amcmÀ \ÂIp¶hymJym-\wþ"t\i _e-tkyXn Ntc-Z-[À½w'þ X\n¡p _e-an-sÃ¶p IcpXn anm-Xn-cn-¡-eÃ [À½w, IÀ½w sN¿p-I, êw Cuiz-c-\mbn kaÀ¸n-¡pI AXmWv [À½w.

(t\-i-_-e-tkyXn Ntc-Z-[À½w)

hn -̀Þ-I³ hfÀ¯n-b-Xp-t]mse Ip«n-Isf hfÀ¯-cp-Xv. cXn-̀ mhw AS¡pw tXmdpw s]m«n-s -̄dn-I-fp-m-Ipw. Ejn-irw-K-\nÂ F¶ t]mseþ hymk³ hn`-Þ-Isâ IY-bnÂ Hcp Nncn Hfn-¸n¨p sh¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ipeo-\-amb Nncn. Ejnbv¡p am{Xw Ign-bp¶ \nÀ½-a-amb Nncn.

(hym-ksâ Nncn)

Ipcp-t£-{X-bp²w XpS-§p-¶-Xn\p ap¼v bp[n-jvTn-c³ òjvasc A`n-hm-Z\w sNbvXp. Ipcp-t£-{X-bp-²-¯nsâ Ah-km-\-̄ nÂ ic-i-¿-bnÂ InS-¡p¶ òjvasc ImWm³ cm{Xn-bnÂ, Bcp-a-dn-bmsX IÀ®³ F¯n.Cu cv A`n-hm-Zy-§-fnÂ anI-̈ Xv IÀ®-tâ-Xm-Wv. òjvaÀ¡v bp[n-jvTn-c³ {]nb-¦-c-\m-Wv. IÀ®³ A¯cwHcp {]nbw BcnÂ\n¶pw e`n-bv¡m-̄ -h-\m-Wv. bp[n-jvTn-csâ A`n-hm-Zy-̄ n\v {]I-S\ kz`m-h-ap-v.IÀ®sâ kµÀi\w kz´w a\x-km-£nsb Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-̄ m³ am{Xw

. (cv A`n-hm-Z-\-§Ä)

bp²-̄ n\v klmbw Bh-iy-s -̧«p-h¶ Zptcym-[-\\v {ioIr-jvW³ bmZ-h-ssk\yw apgp-h³ \ÂIn. AÀÖp-\\v kz´w km¶n[yw am{Xwþ AXpw \ncm-bp-[-\m-bnþ AÀÖp-\\v thXv Bß-hn-izm-k-am-bn-cp-¶p. cp-t]À¡pw thXv hoXn-̈ p-\ÂIp-I-bm-bn-cp¶p {ioIr-jvW³.

(]mÀ°-km-c-Yn)

5. `mc-X-]cyS\-̄ nÂ {i²-tbmsS amän-\nÀ¯nb Hcp `mK-ap-v. KotXm-]-tZ-iw. amcmÀ¡v KoX-bnÂ Ah-Km-l-tam, Xmev]-cytam CÃm-ªn-«-Ã. hmb-\-¡msc ckn-̧ n-¡-Ww. `mc-X-IY ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-̄ WwF¶mWv Dt±-iyw. km[m-c-W-¡m-c-\mb klr-Z-b\v X¯z-Nn-́ -tbmtS Xmev]-cy-ap-m-hn-Ã. AtX-k-abw Kl-\-amb KoXm-X-̄ z-§Ä amcmÀ IY-bnÂ tNÀ¯p-sh-bv¡p-¶Xv {i²n-¡p-I.

Incm-X-aqÀ¯n-bmbn h¶v ]c-a-in-h³ AÀÖp-\sâ X]-Ên²n ]co-£n-̈ p. bp²w sN¿m-\pÅ Bß-hn-izmkw \ÂIn. IÀ½-tbmKw D]-tZ-in¨ {ioIr-jvW\pw sNbvXXv AXp-X-s¶. ssih-hpw, sshjvW-h-hp-am-bpÅ cv Cuiz-c-ssN-X-\y-§Äþ cp-t]cpw \t½mSp ]d-bp-¶p, DW-cq, Fgp-t¶Â¡q, Nnń-̈ n-cn-¡msX IÀ½-_-²-cm-Iq.

(In-cm-X-aqÀ¯n)

{ioIr-jvW³ bpt²m-·m-Zn-b-Ã. bp²w Hgn-hm-¡m³ ]c-am-h[n {ian¨ hyàn-bm-Wv. AtX-k-abw ZpÀº-e-lr-Z-b-tcmSv "£p{Zw lrZ-b-ZuÀºeyw' F¶v D]-tZ-in¨ Cuiz-c-\p-am-Wv.

( -̀K-hZvZqXv)


A\p-I-ev]\w 38

6. ka-Im-enI kw`-h-§-tfmSv _Ôn-̧ n-̈ pÅ Nn´-IÄ `mc-X-]-cy-S-\-̄ n-epÅ Xmev]cyw hÀ²n-̧ n-¡p-¶p.[À½-]p-{Xcpw AÀÖp-\\pw X½nÂ Ie-ln-̈ cwKw FSp-̄ p-sh-̈ v, ktlm-Z-c-·mÀ Hcp-an¨p \n¶mtes]mX-i-{Xp-hns\ Pbn-¡m-\mhq F¶v amcmÀ ]d-bp-¶Xv kzmX-{ý-]qÀÆ-L-«-¯nse hÀKo-b-amb tNcn-Xn-cnhv A\p-kva-cn-̈ p-sIm-m-Wv.

(k-tlm-Z-c-·mÀ X½nÂ)

IÀ®sâ Ac-t§-ä-̄ nÂ, aI³ A]-am-\n-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ tamlm-e-ky-s -̧«p-t]mb Ipńsb amcmÀ `mc-Xmw_tbmSv D]-an-¡p-¶p. ktlm-Z-c-·mÀ Ie-lns¡ \nÊ-lm-b-bmb A½bv¡v F´p sN¿m-\mhpw?

(IÀ®sâ Ac-t§-äw)

A[n-Im-tc-Ñ-bmWv a\p-jys\ A[x-]-Xn-̧ n-¡p-¶Xv. Cu P\m-[n-]-Xy-Im-e¯pw A[n-Imcw a\p-jyscZpjn-̧ n-¡p-¶p, F¶v amcmÀ D]-ZÀin-¡p¶p.

(bp-²-̄ nsâ Bbp-[-im-e)

`mcXw sshcm-Ky-̄ nsâ IY-b-Ã, kvt\l-io-e-̄ nsâ IY-bm-Wv F¶p ImWn-bv¡m³ [À½-]p-{X-cpsSktlm-Z-c-kvt\-lw, cp L«-§-fnÂ hyà-am-¡p-¶p. H¶v, Im«nÂ KÔÀÆ-·mÀ ]nSn-̈ p-sI-«nb Zptcym-[-\m-Zn-Isf c£n-̈ -Xv. cv, \mep ktlm-Z-c-·mcpw acn¨ Ah-k-c-̄ nÂ, \Ip-e, kl-tZ-h-·msc Pohn-¸n-¡tW F¶v KÔÀÆ-t\m-S-t]-£n-̈ -Xv. kzÀ¤-bm{X t]mepw \mb-bv¡p-thn Dt]-£n-̈ Xv. Hcp-an¨p\n¶mte c£-bpÅq F¶v kzmX-{ý-]qÀÆw `mc-Xs¯ HmÀ½n-̧ n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p amcmÀ.KmÔn-Pn-bpsS Alnw-km-hm-Zs¯ ]pI-gv¯p-¶p-ap-v.

(tLm-j-bm-{X, [À½-]-co-£-IÄ, `K-hZvZqXv)

7. XnI¨pw kzIo-b-amb cp kn²m-́ -§Ä apdpsI ]nSn-̈ p-sIm-mWv amcm-cpsS A\p-I-ev]\w. "t\i-_-e-tkyZn Ntc-Z-[À½w'þ _e-an-Ãm-̄ -hsâ Hgn-I-gn-hÃ A-lnw-k. [À½-̄ nsâ hgn-IÄ \nKq-U-am-Wv.A[À½-am-sb-¦ntem F¶v `b¶v \njv{In-b-cm-bn-cn-¡-cp-Xv. Pohn-X-am-Ip¶ Ipcp-t£{X `qan-bnÂ bp²-¯n-\n-d§emWv [oc-X.

\njv]£X Hcp \mSy-am-Wv. ]£-t`Zw FÃm-h-cn-ep-ap-v. Iuc-h-]-£¯v bp²w sNbvX òjvaÀ ]mÞ-h-]-£-t¯mSv ]£-t`Zw ]peÀ¯n. Ipcp-t£-{X-bp-²-¯nÂ ]£w ]nSn-¡m-\m-hnÃ F¶p ]dªp \mSp-h« _e-cm-a³ bYmÀ°-̄ nÂ Zptcm-[-\s\ IqSp-XÂ kvt\ln-̈ n-cp-¶p. Htc ka-b¯v klmbwA`yÀ°n¨p h¶ Zptcym-[-\-s\-bpw, AÀÖp-\-s\bpw Xpey-\n-e-bnÂ Ip F¶v \Sn¨ {ioIr-jvW³AÀÖp-\-t\mSv IqSp-XÂ Icp-XÂ Im«n.

(ò-jva-cpsS [À½-\n-Ýbw \njv]-£\mb _e-cm-a³, `K-hZv ZqXv)

8. hnj-b-̄ nsâ `mh-Kmw-̀ o-cy-¯n\p tNcp¶ `mj-bmWv amcm-cp-tS-Xv. Imev]-\n-I-amb Xc-f-X-b-Ã,A´Àeo-\-ambn iàn-bmWv ssien-bpsS kuµ-cyw.

9. `mcX]cy-S\w C¶pw \½psS kmln-Xy-̄ nÂ Hc-\z-b-am-Wv. `mc-X-I-Y-IÄ Gä-hp-a-[nIw hmb-\-¡m-cn-se-̄ n¨ ]pkvXIw F¶ ]Z-hnbpw CXn-\p-v.

· 2016-03-21 · School of Distance Education A\p-I -ev] \w 2 Imen-¡äv bqWn -th -gvknän kvIqÄ...

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