20131101-Introduction of Open Data Policy and Its Potential Business Strategy

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從公眾授權機制 開放資料的運用與加值策略 本著作採用創用 CC 「姓名標示-相同方式分享」授權條款台灣 3.0 林誠夏 法政研究 Email: [email protected] TEL: +886-2-27883799 #1474

description

* 講題:從公眾授權機制談開放資料的運用與加值策略 * 講師:林誠夏 * 時間:2013/11/01 * 地點:政大公企中心 * 對象:102年電子治理策略管理訓練課程 * 簡報內容:淺白說明Open Data的概念,延申討論Open Government Data議題,其後再從Open Source、Open Content的成功模式,評論Open Data在商業發展未來可能有的加值策略。 * 著作權聲明:2013 ㏄ 權利人保留部份權利 自由軟體鑄造場 林誠夏 * 授權方式:此份簡報的圖文採用「創用CC-姓名標示-相同方式分享 台灣3.0版」授權釋出。

Transcript of 20131101-Introduction of Open Data Policy and Its Potential Business Strategy

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從公眾授權機制談

開放資料的運用與加值策略

本著作採用創用 CC 「姓名標示-相同方式分享」授權條款台灣 3.0 版

林誠夏 法政研究

  Email: [email protected]

  TEL: +886-2-27883799 #1474

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林誠夏 /Lucien

[email protected]

(02)27883799 EXT.1474

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兵林誠夏 /Lucien

[email protected]

(02)27883799 EXT.1474

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中研院 資創中心

自由軟體鑄造場http://www.openfoundry.org/

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公眾授權條款的研究與分析

Open Source Software License

Creative Commons, Open Data License

Email at [email protected]

Linkedin at http://tw.linkedin.com/in/lucienchlin

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要點

● 何謂公眾授權條款 / 機制

● 常見公眾授權條款的類型

● 開放資料與公眾授權機制

● 開放資料的加值策略

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一、何謂公眾授權條款 / 機制

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公眾向不特定多數人

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授權授予部份的使用權利

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條款形形色色的使用規則

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公眾授權條款

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放話條款

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我的創作可以借你抄、給你用,

但是你必須按照遊戲規則。

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此之所謂 OPEN

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此圖下載於網際網路: http://www.deviantart.com/download/319863826/naked_mickey_by_undiesman123-d5afsia.png

本次取用特別聲明在自由開源軟體推廣演講中主張「合理使用」,請讀者不要更行移置他用。

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開誠布公

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But WHY?

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實際做事的工程師

此圖下載於網際網路,因年代久遠出處已無可考,特別聲明為自由開源軟體推廣演講中進行「合理使用」,請讀者不要更行移置他用。

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科層制度-bureaucracy

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OPEN

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《世界是平的:一部二十一世紀簡史》The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

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Cover of The World Is Flat by Thomas Friedman

FAIR USE at: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/d/d1/Worldisflat.gif

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全球化Globalization

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OPEN以開放為前提、讓參與者合

作共工,來產出群體創作。

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1 、借力使力

2 、多人共工

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此圖下載於 MySQL 網站: http://www.mysql.com/,本次取用特別聲明在自由開源軟體推廣演講中主張「合

理使用」,請讀者不要更行移置他用。

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試論「公眾授權條款」之名詞辯析與基礎概念

葛冬梅 2013-08-26 http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-column-list/9053-the-exploration-of-the-fundamental-concept-of-qpublic-licenseq-in-chinese

接觸過自由開源軟體 (Free and Open Source Software) 、創用 CC 授

權條款 (Creative Commons licenses) 與相關領域的人對於「公眾授

權條款」這個詞應該都不陌生,因為在許多場合或者文獻資料中常常

都會看到它。但是,「公眾授權條款」這樣一個被廣泛利用的中文辭

彙,其實並沒有被清楚定義,甚至也沒有人嘗試加以描述或說明,因

此筆者透過這篇文章,嘗試對其內涵進行整理、歸納,並且給予「公

眾授權條款」一個基礎的解釋概念,讓未來有需要利用到這個詞的

人,有一個參考的依據。

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二、常見公眾授權條款的類型

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Free and Open Source SOFTWARE

Free to modify & redistribute

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自由開源軟體

讓使用者對軟體程式自由地修改、散布

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©Gisle Hannemyr, CC by-sa 3.0 unported, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rms_ifi_large.jpg

Richard M. Stallman

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GNU Project

“GNU's Not Unix!”

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Freedom!

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Open Content MATERIALFree to redistribute & reuse or remix

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開放內容素材讓使用者對創作內容自由的散布、使用或重混

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Lawrence Lessig

2008 Joi Ito, released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license at: Ⓒ http://flickr.com/photos/35034362831@N01/2072756557

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Creative Commons

“Sharing Creativity ”

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Commons!

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創用 CC

Creative Commons License

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四個標章

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六個組合

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Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org)

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http://creativecommons.tw/downloads/486

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Open Hardware PRODUCTFree to implement & re-design

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開放硬體產品讓使用者對產品設計圖自由地實施、重新設計

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Open Data POLICYFree to access & use

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開放資料政策 /策略讓使用者對資料集及資料庫能公開接觸、使用

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Barack Obama

Work pertained to U.S. Government without copyright restr ict ions under U.S. copyright laws at: http://farm6.staticf l ickr.com/5535/9515309159_34e7ecb686_o. jpg

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Digital Government

“Open Data & Content”

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Change!

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http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.html

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http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.html

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http://data.gov/

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三、開放資料與公眾授權機制

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OPEN SOURCE SoftwareOPEN CONTENT MaterialOPEN HARDWARE ProductOPEN DATA Policy

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IPIntellectual Property

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Free and Open Source SOFTWARE

COPYRIGHT 、 PATENT

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自由開源軟體:作業系統、應用程式

著作權、專利權

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Open Content MATERIALCOPYRIGHT and its NEIGHBORING RIGHT

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開放內容素材:詩、詞、書、畫

著作權 and its 著作鄰接權

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Open Hardware PRODUCTCOPYRIGHT 、 PATENT 、 CIRCUITLAYOUT

RIGHT 、 RIGHTS IN REM

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開放硬體產品:電路圖、設計圖

著作權、專利權、積體電路布局權、物權

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Open Data POLICYCOPYRIGHT 、 DATABASE RIGHT

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開放資料政策:資料集、資料庫

著作權 (編輯著作 ) 、資料庫權

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What is Open Data ?

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What is Open Data ?Transparency 、 Valued-add Tendency

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What is Open Data ?施政透明、資料加值

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What is Open Data ?1 、知的權利, 2 、用的地位。

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孫文學說.第五章 -知行總論

知之則必能行之,知之則更易行之。

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改變中的世界實體透過網路的互聯與互動而改變

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WEB-1.0-單純的資訊提供

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WEB-2.0- 使用者成為參與者

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WEB-3.0- 更緊密更高影響性質的互動

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將網際網路轉化為資料庫、

向人工智慧進化、語義網、

3D 、物聯網 /智慧聯網

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WEB-1.0↓

WEB-2.0↓

WEB-3.0

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靜態↓動態↓變態

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變態:劇烈的互動

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92“Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/”

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93“Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/”

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Open Data:1 、法律 - 授權的使用, 2 、技術 - 規格的相容。

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Open Data:3 、變革 -產業的革新、生活的便利。

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Big Datavs

Open Data

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巨量資料 /海量資料vs

開放資料

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Open Government Data

開放政府資料、政府資料開放

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懷璧其罪

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並不是所有數位素材都受到相關法律保護

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Download at: http://www.wacow.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/dscf8187.JPG

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人類創意的表現人類精神的創作

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僅具勞務性質的素材並不必然受法律保護

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Database License-資料庫特別授權

●歐洲議會與歐盟理事會第 96-9-EC 號指令

●智慧財產權法院 97 年度刑智上訴字第 41 號刑事判決

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世界貿易組織 (WTO)- 與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定 (TRIPs) 第 10 條第 2 項

資料或文獻經整理成為編輯著作之後,可為智慧財產權協定所保護,但其中的資

料本身若並未具有人類智慧的創作性 (intellectual creation) ,則不應被擴及保

護到。 (Compilations of data or other material, whether in machine

readable or other form, which by reason of the selection or

arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations shall be

protected as such. Such protection, which shall not extend to the data

or material itself, shall be without prejudice to any copyright

subsisting in the data or material itself.)

http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/legal_e.htm#TRIPs

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Dataset+

Database

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資料集+

資料庫

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資料集 -減法的思維+

資料庫 -加法的思維

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減法的思維 -隱私權+

加法的思維 - 公益性

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隱私權 -去識別化+

公益性 -最大利用

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有權利的客體+

沒權利的客體

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契約自由主義

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● 開放政府資料授權通則:– 單純 dataset vs. 加值工具與 database

– 公眾相關優先免費釋出、毋經書面程序

– 須注意人民其他相關合法權利之保護

– 僅就提供資料正確性及更正性負責、不負

其他擔保之責

– 禁止廣告、背書

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從開源軟體到開放資料-論 Open Database License v1.0

林誠夏 2012-10-20 http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-column-list/8832-from-open-source-to-open-data-knowing-open-database-license-v10-in-open-source-licensing-way

若從本質的地方來討論自由開源軟體授權與開放資料授予之間的不同,其實

就是前者的客體受到著作權法的保護,而後者若是單純的資料集 (data

set) ,則並不受到著作權法與其他法律的保護。這是因為受到著作權保護的

客體,它必須要是人類創意的表現、以及人類精神的創作,而若是 data set

本身,僅是勞務性質的素材 (Sweat of Brow) ,則便不能受到著作權法的保

護。

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四、開放資料的加值策略

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2008 Ⓒ Horia Varlan, released under CC-BY-unported-2.0 at: http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4011/4268974682_3e8ca96d12_o.jpg

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把餅做大

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GNU LINUXGNU Project + Linux Kernel

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1983.9.27~

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自由開源軟體專案的六大特性

● 開放程式源碼● 不限制授權對象與使用地域● 不收取授權金● 授權不可撤回● 不附隨擔保●釋放四大自由予後手

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* ##/%% variable matching code ripped out of ash shell for code sharing * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Kenneth Almquist. * * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree. * * Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * Copyright (c) 1997-2005 Herbert Xu <[email protected]> * was re-ported from NetBSD and debianized. */#ifdef STANDALONE# include <stdbool.h># include <stdio.h># include <stdlib.h># include <string.h># include <unistd.h># define FAST_FUNC /* nothing */# define PUSH_AND_SET_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY_TO_HIDDEN /* nothing */# define POP_SAVED_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY /* nothing */#else# include "libbb.h"#endif#include <fnmatch.h>#include "match.h"

char* FAST_FUNC scan_and_match(char *string, const char *pattern, unsigned flags){

char *loc;char *end;unsigned len = strlen(string);int early_exit;

/* We can stop the scan early only if the string part * we are matching against is shrinking, and the pattern has * an unquoted "star" at the corresponding end. There are two cases. * Case 1: * "qwerty" does not match against pattern "*zy", * no point in trying to match "werty", "erty" etc: */early_exit = (flags == (SCAN_MOVE_FROM_LEFT + SCAN_MATCH_RIGHT_HALF) && pattern[0] == '*');

if (flags & SCAN_MOVE_FROM_LEFT) {loc = string;end = string + len + 1;

} else {loc = string + len;end = string - 1;if (flags == (SCAN_MOVE_FROM_RIGHT + SCAN_MATCH_LEFT_HALF)) {

/* Case 2: * "qwerty" does not match against pattern "qz*", * no point in trying to match "qwert", "qwer" etc: */const char *p = pattern + strlen(pattern);if (--p >= pattern && *p == '*') {

early_exit = 1;while (--p >= pattern && *p == '\\')

early_exit ^= 1;}

}}

1 、開放程式源碼 (Software)

此頁面程式碼擷取自 BusyBox 1.21.1 的源碼檔案” match.c” ,採用「 GPL-2.0及其後續版本」來授權,利用程式碼請遵守授權規則,授權規則說明請見: http://www.busybox.net/license.html。 BusyBox 1.21.1 程式碼下載: http://www.busybox.net/downloads/。

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1 、提供公開 / 共通格式 (Data)

http://5stardata.info/

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2 、不限制授權對象與使用地域 (Software)

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2 、不限制流通對象與散布地域 (Data)

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2 、不限制流通對象與散布地域 (Data)

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美國白宮於 GitHub 建立永續專案以 Open Source 工具推動 Open Data

黃郁文 2013-05-10

http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/foss-news/8971--github--open-source--open-data

Project Open Data ,簡單來說可說是一個群眾參與式的共筆網站 (Wiki) ,其採取開

放的態度,讓擁有 GitHub 會員帳號之人,都能夠在專案頁面上協同貢獻並創作與

Open Data 有關的各類參註資訊。此一專案初期由美國白宮出資聘請專人進行內容的

編撰,以補充 Open Data 的基本定義 (Definitions) 、導入指南 (Implementation

Guidance) 、可資運用的 FOSS 工具 (Tools) 、相關資源 (Resources) ,以及案例學

習 (Case Studies) 等分門別類的資訊為推動手段,待相關的參註資訊愈來愈多時,再

廣為召集對 Open Data 推動有興趣的社群參與者,能夠平行式的一同參與該專案內

容的編撰。據此專案的 FAQ 頁面說明:美國白宮對此專案的期望為,在一定期間的

經營之後,能完全轉為社群式的主動參與,而將專案的管理與掌控權,全然下放移轉

到專案實際的社群參與成員身上。

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3 、不收取著作權、專利權的授權金 (Software)

授權金、權利金

收費名目不能是專利權授權金 / 著作權授權金

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1. 自由開源軟體服務收費模式

2. 自由開源軟體嵌入式加值模式

3. 自由開源軟體商標權收費模式

4. 自由開源軟體雙重授權模式

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3 、不收取著作權、專利權的授權金 (Software)

授權對象授權時間授權範圍✘

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3 、不收取加值利用後再散布的授權金與相關費用 (Data)

授權對象授權時間授權範圍✘

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4 、授權不可撤回 (Software)

自由散布事實上難以撤回

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GPL-3.0第 2 條第 1項

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Apache-2.0第 2 、 3 條

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升級改版、更改授權 - Samba 為例

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4 、已授予之資料不可撤回 (Data)

已經散布事實上僅能終止

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5 、不附隨擔保 (Software)

衡平原則天下沒有白吃的午餐

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5 、僅負資料即時更正之責 (Data)

更新原則資料正確性得因回報而更正

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6 、釋放四大自由予後手 (Software)

使用 研究修改 散布

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6 、使用、研究、加值、再散布資料的自由 (Data)

使用 研究加值 散布

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開放資料的授權與流通政策

●提供公開 / 共通格式● 不限制流通對象與散布地域● 不收取加值利用後再散布的授權金與相關費用● 已授予之資料不可撤回● 不附隨擔保 /僅負資料即時更正之責● 使用、研究、加值、再散布的自由

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Ecosystem有心栽花花不開、無心插柳柳成蔭

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五、結論

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我達達的馬蹄是美麗的錯誤我不是歸人,是個過客……

錯誤 - 鄭愁予

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Downloaded from: http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2280/2392474344_007b35c6e2_o.jpgBy nosha CC-BY-SA-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en)

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我達達的馬蹄是美麗的錯誤我不是歸人,我是馬………

錯誤 - 網友改編

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我達達的馬蹄是美麗的錯誤我不是歸人,我是馬………

錯誤 - 網友改編

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我達達的馬蹄是美麗的錯誤我不是歸人,我是馬………

錯誤 - 網友改編

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Downloaded from: http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2280/2392474344_007b35c6e2_o.jpgBy nosha CC-BY-SA-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en)

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立場、願景

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openlegal openfoundry

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Ctrl+F: 20131101

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本簡報授權聲明● 除另有聲明外,本簡報內容採用 Creative Commons 「姓名標示 - 相同方式分享」台灣 3.0 版

授權條款。

● 歡迎任何合法目的之重製、散布及修改本簡報的內容,但請標明: (1) 原作者姓名、 (2) 本簡報標

題、 (3) 演講日期,並於再散布之時以相同或相容的 Creative Commons 授權方式進行釋出。

● 簡報中所取用的部份圖形創作乃截取自網際網路,僅供演講者於 Open Source & Open Data 推廣

演講時主張合理使用,請讀者不得對其再行取用,除非您本身自忖亦符合主張合理使用之情狀,

且自負相關法律責任。

THANK YOUWebsite: www.openfoundry.orgPhone: 02-2788-3799 ext. 1474