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Asian Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Resilience:Experience, Lessons and Opportunities for Cooperation

Hoi An, Viet Nam, 01-02 August 2013

CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION PLANS

IN VIETNAMNguyen Khac Hieu

Deputy Director GeneralDMHCC, MONRE

MAIN CONTENTSMAIN CONTENTS

1. Climate change in Viet Nam2. Adaptation Policies3. Adaptation Measures4. Next steps5. Conclusions

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1 1 -- Climate change in Viet NamClimate change in Viet Nam

ü During the last 50 years (1958-2007), the annual average temperature increased about 0.5°C.

ü Winter temperatures increased faster than those of summer.

ü Inland temperatures increased faster than those of coastal and island zones.

1 1 -- Climate change in Viet NamClimate change in Viet Nam

ü The annual rainfall increased in the Southern climate zones while decreased in the Northern ones.

ü South Central region: the rainfall in dry & wet seasons and annual rainfall increased strongest (up to 20% over the last 50 years)

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1 1 -- Climate change in Viet NamClimate change in Viet Nam

ü Sea level rise along Vietnam coasts was at the rate of about 2.8mm/year.

ü Coastal zones in the Central and South West regions: sea level rose strongest, about 2.9mm/year

General IntroductionGeneral Introduction

Impacts of climate change on Viet Nam’s population by sea level rise scenarios,WB, 2007

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General IntroductionGeneral Introduction

Impacts of climate change on Viet Nam’s GDP by sea level rise scenarios,WB, 2007

SLR Scenario: 100 cm

South Asia Việt Nam

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SLR Scenario: 100 cm

Biên giới Việt Nam-Campuchia

Đồng Tháp

Cần Giờ

Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu

Hà Tiên

TP. Hồ Chí Minh

TYPHOONS: Katrina-Aug 2005 vs. Nagit – May 2008

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Nicholas Stern: 7.000 Bil USD atglobal level in 10 years

.Without actions to cope with CC:lost 5-20% GDP

With actions to cope with CC:,Cost is just about 1% GDP

Lost and damage Lost and damage

$444 B.

$2,200 B.

$8,800 B

Climate change adaptation under UNFCCCClimate change adaptation under UNFCCC

ü NAPAs for LDCs countries (COP 7)§ to identify priority activities that respond to their urgent and immediate needs

with regard to adaptation to climate change - those needs for which further delay could increase vulnerability or lead to increased costs at a later stage.

(May 2013: 49 LDCs had submitted NAPA)

ü Nairobi Work Programme (COP 12)§ improve understanding and assessment of impacts, vulnerability and

adaptation to climate change;

§ make informed decisions on practical adaptation actions and measures to respond to climate change on a sound scientific, technical and socio-economic basis, taking into account current and future climate change and variability.

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Climate change adaptation under UNFCCCClimate change adaptation under UNFCCC

ü Bali Action Plan (COP 13)§ AWG-LCA was established .

§ Four clusters of adaptation:

→ National Planning for Adaptation

→ Streamlining and scaling up financial and technological support

→ Enhancing knowledge sharing

→ Institutional frameworks for adaptation

ü Cancun Adaptation Framework (COP 16)§ para. 11-35, Decision 1/CP.16

§ consisted of five clusters: implementation, support, institutions, principles and stakeholder engagement

Development of financial instrument for Development of financial instrument for adaptation under the UNFCCC and the GEFadaptation under the UNFCCC and the GEF

Source: Adapted from Mohner and Klein 2007

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2 2 -- Adaptation PoliciesAdaptation Policies

National Climate Change Strategy (Decision 2139/QD-TTg, 05 Dec. 2011)

ü Food and water security§ Maintain reasonable and sustainable agricultural land

resources in each area§ Adjust crop and livestock patterns§ Research, develop and apply biotechnology and advanced

production processes§ Develop pest and disease control system for crops and

livestock§ Establish a completed set of regulations to enforce efficient,

integrated, multi-purpose development and use of water resources

§ Improve, reinforce and construct new water works, hydropower plants and river and coastal embankment system

2 2 -- Adaptation PoliciesAdaptation Policies

National Climate Change Strategy (Decision 2139/QD-TTg, 05 Dec. 2011)

ü Sustainable proactive response actions to SLR in vulnerable areas

§ Research, evaluate and predict impacts and vulnerability of areas, sectors and communities to SLR

§ Develop a master plan for socio-economic development in time of CC§ Protect and accelerate development process in island area§ Strengthen residential infrastructure and planning§ Review, adjust and promote adaptive livelihood and production processes in a

CC and SLR contextü Community capacity development to respond to CCü Scientific and technological development for CC responseü International cooperation and integration to enhance the

country’s status in CC issues

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National Target Programme to respond to climate change

On 02 December 2008, Vietnamese Prime Minister issued Decision No.158/2008/QD-TTg on approval the National Target Programme to respond to climatechange (NTP).

1. To assess climate change impacts on sectors and regions in specific periods1. To assess climate change impacts on sectors and regions in specific periods

2. To develop feasible action plans to effectively respond to climate change in the short-term and long-term to ensure sustainable development of Vietnam2. To develop feasible action plans to effectively respond to climate change in the short-term and long-term to ensure sustainable development of Vietnam

3. To take opportunities to develop towards a low-carbon economy3. To take opportunities to develop towards a low-carbon economy

4. To join the international community’s efforts in mitigating climate change and protecting the climatic system.4. To join the international community’s efforts in mitigating climate change and protecting the climatic system.

2 2 -- Adaptation PoliciesAdaptation Policies

National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change 2012-2015 (Decision 1183/QD-TTg, 30 Aug. 2012)

ü To continue to research and update CC scenarios; assess impacts of CC; identify solutions to respond to CC.

ü To complete a number of key, urgent and priority tasks.

ü To implement pilot two models on adapting to climate change and SLR in Quang Nam and Ben Tre provinces.

ü To promulgate policies on CC adaptation.

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2 2 -- Adaptation PoliciesAdaptation Policies

National Action Plan to Respond to Climate Change 2012-2020 (Decision 1474/QD-TTg, 05 Oct. 2012)

ü Capacity building for climate monitoring, disaster early warning

ü Ensure the food and water security

ü Proactive respond to disaster; prevent from flood for big cities; reinforce dyke systems

ü Strengthen the management capacities, complete policies and mechanisms related to climate change

ü Community capacity development to adapt to climate change

ü Awareness raising, human resources development

ü Development the technology and scientific programme

ü International coopertaion

2 2 -- Adaptation PoliciesAdaptation Policies

Action Program Framework to adapt to climate change of Agriculture and rural development (Decision 2730/QD-BNN-KHCN, 05 Sep. 2008)

→ To enhance capacity in mitigation and adaptation,

→ To ensure sustainable agricultural and rural development,

→ To stabilize agricultural production, → To ensure food supply security, guarantee 3.8

million ha of land for bi-annual crop harvests;→ To ensure the safety and reliability of the dike

system, public, economic and technical infrastructure and natural disaster prevention.

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3 3 –– Adaptation measures Adaptation measures (under SNC)(under SNC)

ü Full protection: strengthening and elevating embankments nationwide, intensifying security services along the coastline, preventing saltwater intrusion, installing water pumps and elevating foundations for industrial, transportation and residential infrastructure.

ü Adaptation: accepts a certain level of climate change-induced losses, emphasizes damagecost-sharing, invests in the construction of “adaptive” infrastructure, and focuses on developing agricultural techniques and elevating houses above flood levels.

ü Withdrawal: “averts” sea-level rise impacts by leaving coastal areas and retreating inland.

Coastal zones

3 3 –– Adaptation measures Adaptation measures (under SNC)(under SNC)

ü Short-term measures: Prevent soil erosion, implement soil protection, provide proactive crop irrigation, select crops suited to climate change, etc.

ü Long-term measures: Adopt climate change-suited cropping patterns, create new species, modernize cultivation and stockbreeding techniques, etc.

ü Management and harvesting practices: Redistribute regional crop and livestock production to better suit changing climate conditions, provide additional incentives for agriculture, forestry and aquafarming, etc.

Agriculture

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3 3 –– Adaptation measures Adaptation measures (under SNC)(under SNC)

ü Formulate and integrate sustainable water resource development planning

ü Reinforce, upgrade, complete existing and add new water resource infrastructure

ü Reinforce and upgrade the existing system of river and sea dykes, flood diversion areas, flash flood relief channels, embankments for flood protection, and saltwater intrusion barriers

ü Promote water efficiency and conservation, scientific water-saving irrigation methods in agriculture

ü Upgrade and modernize hydro-meteorological observation, hydrological long-range and seasonal forecasting, and natural disasters forecasting

ü Awareness raising

Water resources

4 4 –– Next stepsNext steps

ü Implement key, urgent and priority tasks, identified in the Action Plan to respond to climate change for the 2011-2015 of related ministries.

ü Update the Action Plan to respond to climate change of each locality.

ü Strengthen human and natural system resilience to climate change; carry out adaptation measures in parallel with GHG mitigation options for effective response to climate change.

ü Increase surveys and basic scientific research and application of adaptive technologies.

ü Implement the pilot programs to adapt to climate change in Quang Nam and Ben Tre provinces and recommend the replication.

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4 4 –– Next stepsNext steps

ü Promulgate policies on climate change adaptation in the priority sectors: agriculture, forestry, water resources, poverty reduction and social security.

ü Develop financial institutions and settings to encourage and mobilize bilateral and multilateral donors

ü Approach the international Funds: Adaptation Fund, Green Climate Funds, GEF, etc.

ü Disseminate and improve basic knowledge about climate change and its impacts for the vast majority of state employees, students and community residents.

ü Actively participate in regional networks: SEAN-CC, APAN, etc.

5 5 –– ConclusionsConclusions

ü Viet Nam is one of the most affected countries by climate change as well as natural disasters à adaptation measures play an important role

ü Climate change adaptation needs to be integrated into socio-economic development plans at all scales

ü Investment for climate change adaptation for coastal zone infrastructures, transportation, energy, agriculture, etc. to be resilient to climate change will reduce the cost in the future.

ü Climate change adaptation and GHG emission reduction must be carried out in parallel for effective response to climate change toward a low carbon economy

ü Capacity building to access to adaptation financeü A new global climate change (COP 21, 2015): need to have a

balance between adaptation and mitigation.

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For more information, please contact:Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Viet NamDepartment of Meteorology Hydrology and Climate Change

No. 10 Ton That Thuyet str., Hanoi, Viet NamTel: 84-4-37759384/37759385; Fax: 84-4-37759382

Email: vnccoffice@fpt.vn; Website: noccop.org.vn

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENDTION

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENDTION