2013 03 19 Sintesis Sukrosa Dan Pati
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Transcript of 2013 03 19 Sintesis Sukrosa Dan Pati
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Sintesis sukrosa dan patiSintesis sukrosa dan pati
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Pati di khloroplas• ۞
۞
jagung
Alocasia macrorrhiza
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Pati dan sukrosaPati : ۞• Transitory starch pati di kloroplast• Transitory starch pati di kloroplast• Storage starch pati di jaringan
pen impanpenyimpan• Pati terdiri dari dua polimer* Amylose , monomer dihubungkan dg ik
glikosidik α-1,4 (α-D-1,4 glycosidic bond)۞
*amylopectin, monomer dihubungkan dg ikα-1,4 dan α-1,6
۞
α 1,4 dan α 1,6
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lanjutan
• Pada kondisi teriluminasi sukrosa kontinyudiekspor dari sitosol daun ke bagiandiekspor dari sitosol daun ke bagiannonfotosintetikM i fi t Phl• Moving first sucrose : Phloem
• phloem juga mentranspot : rafinosa, stachyose, verbakosa, sorbitol dan manitol
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KH Yang di translokasi
Manitol (seledri), sorbitol (apel)
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Mobilisasi Karbon pada tanaman vaskuler
PiADPGMalt-gluc transl
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1. Fruk 1,6-BP aldolase
2. Fruk 1,6 Bifosfatase
3 Hex Phos Isomerase3. Hex. Phos. Isomerase
4. Fosfoglucomutase
5. ADP-glucose pifosforilase6
g p
6. Pirofosfatase
7. Starch sintase
8. Pi translocator (
9. Aldolase
10 Fruk 1 6 bifosfatase10.Fruk 1,6 bifosfatase
11.Hex.Phos. Isomerase
12.Fosfoglucomutase
13.UDP-Gluc.Pirofosforilase
14.Suc Phos. Synthase
15 S Ph Ph h t15.Suc. Phos. Phosphatase
8 = phosphate/triose phosphate translocator
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Sintesis pati di khloroplasti i i i l i t i iinisiasi-elongasi-terminasi
• Diawali oleh pembentukan donor glukosaDiawali oleh pembentukan donor glukosa (glucosyl moiety)
G1P+ATP ADP GglucoseG1P+ATP --- ADP-Gglucose
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lanjutanj• pemanjangan pati
ADP-Glucose + uj nonreduksi rantai patipati memanjangj g
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lanjutanj• Untuk membentuk amylopektin
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Degradasi pati malam harig p2005, Arabidosis
Release soluble glucanglucan
maltopentaoseD; Disproportionating
2 [Glucose]3 [glucose]5 + glucosemaltotriose maltopentaose
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Further cleavage of α-D-1,4 glycosidic bond f li lof linear glucan
• Hydrolysis o/ β amylase :linear [glucose]n + H2O Linear [glucose]n-2 +
maltose• Phosphorolysis o/ phosphohydrolase
linear [glucose] + Pi Linear [glucose] +linear [glucose]n + Pi Linear [glucose]n1 +Gluc-1-Phosphate
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Pool hexose phosphate di sitosoldib l h t i f f t khl l tdibangun oleh triose fosfat khloroplast
• Faktor major yang memodulasi pembagianFaktor major yang memodulasi pembagianasimilated carbon antara khloroplast dansitosol adalah konsentrasi relatif antarasitosol adalah konsentrasi relatif antarafosfat an-organik dan triose fosfat
• Under ilumination Fosfat di uptake o/• Under ilumination, Fosfat di-uptake o/ kloroplast, diimbangi traspot triose-P kesitosol Sensor aktivitas tsb : F 2 6 BPsitosol. Sensor aktivitas tsb : F-2,6-BP
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lanjutan1. Triose phosphate isomerase
Triose phosphate translocatortranslocator
Pi
3. F-1,6 BP aldolase
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lanjutan4 F 1 6BP f f t
F1,6BP FOSFAT. dihambat o/ AMP & F2,6 BPATP PFK t dih b t / Pi 4. F-1,6BP fosfatase
5.a.ATP- fosfofruktokinase, 5.b. PPi- fosfofruktokinase, 5 F 6 P ki
ATP-PFK sangat dihambat o/ Pi & PEP, kosentrasi relatif ATP, ADP,AMP
5.c.F-6-P-kinase
6. F-2,6BP fosfatase
7 hexose P isomerase
F6P kinase:stimulasi o/ P, F6P, Pirdihambat o/ PGA, triose-P, PEP, PPiz 7. hexose P isomerase
8. fosfoglukomutasePPiz
F2,6BP fosfatase, dihambato/ P, F6P, 6-Fosfoglukonate
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LAnjt
• Sitosolik Fruk-6-fosfat dijagakeseimbangannya dg Gluk-6-fosfat danGluk-1-fosfat
• Ketiga gula fosfat secara kolektifdinamakan heksosa fosfat
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Interkonversi heksosa fosfat
1.Triose P is; 2.fos-trise P trans; 3. F-1,6 BP aldolase; 4. F-1,6BP fosfatase, 5.a.F-6-P 1-kinase (fosfofruktokinase), 5b. PPi-linked fosfofruktokinase, 5c.F-6-P-kinase; 6. F-2,6BP fosfatase; 7. hex P iso; 8.fosfoglukomutase
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Sukrose daritriose fosfattriose fosfat
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lanjutan
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Sintesis sukrosaFosforilasi residu serin
(protein kinase)
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NTP & NDPNTP & NDP• pembentukan pati or sukrosa didahului
pembentuka gula nukleotidacontoh pembetukan UDP-GlucosepGluc-1-P + UTP UDP-Glucose+ PPi
UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase
Pola umumnya :NTP + Hex-1-P NDP-sugar +PPi
Nucleoside –sugar Pyrophosphorylase
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Pengaturan sintesis sukrosaPengaturan sintesis sukrosa
∴ Peningkatan HexP & penurunan Pi sitosol: meningkatkan sint sukrosa
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isozimF-1,6 -bisphosphatase khloroplast:
Di t l h i t
F-1,6 bisphosphatase-sitosol:
Diatur oleh sistem thioredoxin
Diatur oleh F-2,6 bisphosphatase dan AMP
Sucrose phosphate synthaseSucrose phosphate synthase(pengatur level sukrosa):
*enzim allosterik diaktifkan G6P G6P menghambatenzim allosterik, diaktifkan G6P dihambat orthophosphate (Pi)
*diinaktifkan dalam gelap dg
G6P menghambat kinase, Pi menghambat phosphataseg p g
fosforilasi pd residu serin via protein kinase
*diaktifkan dalam terang dg defosforilasi via protein phosphatase
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Phosphate translocator:
*mengkatalisis perpindahan Pi dari sitosol ke kloroplastdan triose fosfat dari kloroplast ke sitosol
•Jika Pi sito rendah, mk transpot triose-P rendahpromote sitesis pati
Jk Pi it ti i k t t t i P ti i t•Jk Pi sito tinggi, mk transpot triose-P tinggi promote sitesis sukrose
Orthophosphate dan triose phosphate:Orthophosphate dan triose phosphate:
*ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (key G1P pati), distimulasi o/ 3PGA dihambat Pidistimulasi o/ 3PGA, dihambat Pi
3PGA/Pi high (siang hari) t i t t hpromote sint . starch
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F-2,6-biphosphate, key control molekul, allow sint k d l h dl lsukrosa dalam chy, dlm gelap :
F-1,6-BP + H2O F6P + Pi
F-2,6BP
F1,6-BPase
PPi-linked phosphofructokinase
activate
F6P + PPi F-1,6-BP + Pi
Peningkatan F2,6BP berasosiasi d l j i t kdg penurunan laju sint suk
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(triose(triose phosphate)
Kinase &Kinase & phosphatase dikontrol Pi dan triose-P Triose-P/Pi rendahTriose-P/Pi rendah
memacu pembent F 2,6BP
Triose-P/Pi tinggi menghambat pembent F 2,6BP
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Kapan di buatKapan di buat
• Cepat dibuat saat expor rendahCepat dibuat saat expor rendah,• Remobilisasi umumnya saat malam atau
permintaan di sitosol meningkat orpermintaan di sitosol meningkat or suplaynya berlebihan
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starch
pisang jagung
kentang
tomat
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Struktur butiranStruktur butiran
kentangberas
cucurma
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Amilose dan amilopektinAmilose dan amilopektin
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lanjt