2012 - Análisis de las correlaciones entre la abundancia de bacterias nitrificantes, parámetros...

8/2/2019 2012 - Anlisis de las correlaciones entre la abundancia de bacterias nitrificantes, parmetros operacionales y fsico

1/14

YGGG Oevnkjkq jb Zvknqibvbna gk jb Zbanelemk qefvb Hgavefgelemk jbl Iknme Kazgye (64;6', Qbygllk. Qtkgn.

Kqeagkagn Agbnzigak Mvrte Fgegnjgakagn jb Qbygllk

Knlgqgq jb lkq aevvblkagenbq bnzvb lk kfrnjknagk jb fkazbvgkq

ngzvgigaknzbq, tkvhbzveq etbvkagenklbq w iqgae({rhgaeq vblkagenkjeq

aen bl tveabqe fgelmgae jb ngzvgigakagn bn iknmeq kazgyeq

Knjvq _evnek;, Lg Kybnjke;, Jkngbl Kmrkje;, Lrgq Fevvq6, Oeq Lrgq Klenqe;

;Gnqzgzrze Rngybvqgzkvge jb Gnybqzgmkagn jb Gnmbngbvk jbl Kmrk w Hbjge Khfgbnzb. Rngybvqgzkz Telgzangak jb Yklnagk. Akhgne jb

Ybvk, q%n, :9466 Yklbnagk, Qtkgn.

Bhkgl? knevevDrty.bq, lgk}glDteqmvkje.rty.bq, jkkmmkvD`hk.rty.bq, oklenqeDg`jv.rty.bq

6Jbtkvzkhbnze jb Gnmbngbvk [rhgak.Rngybvqgzkz jb Yklnagk. Jv Helgnbv, 24 :9;44 Frvokqqez, Yklbnagk, Qtkgn.

Bhkgl? lrgq.fevvkqiklehgvDry.bq

;. GNZVEJRAAGN

Lk ngzvgigakagn fgelmgak aenqgqzb bn lk

epgjkagn jbl gn khenge k ngzvgze w

teqzbvgevhbnzb k ngzvkze. Jrvknzb bqzb

tveabqe, fkazbvgkq epgjknzbq jb khenge (FEK3

Ngzveqehenkq w Ngzveqeqtgvk', kv{rbkq

epgjknzbq jb khenge (KEK' w fkazbvgkqepgjknzbq jb ngzvgzeq (FEN3 Ngzvefkazbv,

Ngzveaeaarq, Ngzveqtgnk w Ngzveqtgvk' vbklgkn

rnk vbqtgvkagn kbvfgak k tkvzgv jb jenkjevbq

gnevmngaeq jb blbazvenbq (Hezk bz kl., 6442'.

Bl ngzvmbne tvbqbnzb bn lkq kmrkq

vbqgjrklbq rvfknkq mbnbvklhbnzb qb

bnarbnzvk bn ievhk jb khenge, rvbk, agje

vgae, tvezbnkq, kakvbq khgnkjeq w khgnkq,

bnzvb ezveq. Bl ngzvmbne evmngae bq

zvknqievhkje k gn khenge tev lk kazgygjkjhgavefgknk3 leq hgaveevmkngqheq tvezbelzgaeq

jbmvkjkn lkq tvezbnkq `kqzk khgneagjeq,

{rb k qr yb qen jbmvkjkjeq k khenge tev leq

evmkngqheq khengigaknzbq (Akzkln, ;77=',

aen le {rb bl khengkae e bl gn khenge qen

vbgnzvejragjeq bn bl agale jbl ngzvmbne. Lk

rvbk, bl aehtrbqze evmngae aen hkq

ngzvmbne, bq `gjvelgkjk tev lk bnghk rvbkqk

`kqzk khenkae w kn`jvgje akvfngae, tev le

{rb lk lgfbvkagn jbl khengkae qb tvejrab

knzbq jb llbmkv lkq kmrkq vbqgjrklbq k lk

bqzkagn jbtrvkjevk (Akzkln, ;77='. Tkvk

aehtlbzkv bl agale, leq genbq ngzvkze w ngzvgze qen

aenybvzgjeq kl bqzkje mkqbeqe N6 e N6E

hbjgknzb lk kaagn jb lkq fkazbvgkq

jbqngzvgigaknzbq (Akzkln, ;77='.

Lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq qb bnarbnzvkn bn

rnk mvkn ykvgbjkj jb `fgzkzq, gnalrwbnje

kmrk jrlab (kmrk tezkflb w kmrkq vbqgjrklbq',kmrk jb hkv, kmrk qklefvb w bn bl qrble. Lkq

tvgnagtklbq bqtbagbq tvbqbnzbq bn leq iknmeq

kazgyeq qen krzzveikq, bq jbagv, rzglgkn bl

jgpgje jb akvfene e akvfene gnevmngae aehe

irbnzb jb akvfene tkvk lk qnzbqgq jb hkzbvgkl

ablrlkv. Tev akjk helarlk jb jgpgje jb

akvfene kqghglkje, qb epgjkn

ktvepghkjkhbnzb 14 helarlkq jbl gn

khenge e ;44 helarlkq jb ngzvgze. Jbfgje k lk

mvkn aknzgjkj jb genbq khenge w ngzvgzenbabqkvgeq tkvk kqghglkv jgpgje jb akvfene,

lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq zgbnbn rnk ybleagjkj

jb avbaghgbnze hrw fkok (Mbvkvjg, 6446'.

;.;. Ikazevbq {rb kibazkn k lk ngzvgigakagn

Bl tveabqe jb ngzvgigakagn bq rn tkqe avzgae bn

lk jbtrvkagn jb kmrkq vbqgjrklbq, jbfgje k lk

fkok zkqk jb avbaghgbnze jb lkq fkazbvgkq

ngzvgigaknzbq w k lk bpzvbhk qbnqgfglgjkj k leq
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/14

6 Knlgqgq jb lkq aevvblkagenbq jb fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq bn iknmeq kazgyeq

akhfgeq jbl qgqzbhk w k jgybvqkq qrqzknagkq

gn`gfgjevkq {rb ghtgjbn qr avbaghgbnze w

kazgygjkj. Bqzb tveabqe qb bnarbnzvk fkoe lk

gnilrbnagk jb jgqzgnzeq ikazevbq {rb qb qbklkn

k aenzgnrkagn (Menlb bz kl., 64;43 Fgzzen,

;77:'?

;.;.;. Zbhtbvkzrvk

Lk zbhtbvkzrvk bn bl vbkazev fgelmgae (Zv' bq

bl ikazev etbvkagenkl aen hq gnilrbnagk bn bl

avbaghgbnze jb lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq. @kw

rnk ghtevzknzb vbjraagn bn lk zkqk jb

ngzvgigakagn k hbjgjk {rb jgqhgnrwb lk Zv, tev

bl aenzvkvge, lk zkqk jb avbaghgbnze jb lkqfkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq krhbnzk jbnzve jbl

vknme jb 0A k 14A, aen rn krhbnze jbl ;4

" tev akjk gnavbhbnze jb ;A bn bl akqe jbl

mnbve Ngzveqehenkq (Mbvkvjg, 6446'. Bn

mbnbvkl, lk ybleagjkj jbl tveabqe jgqhgnrwb

hra`e tkvk yklevbq fkoeq jb Zv, qgbnje hrw

jgiagl {rb qb llbyb k akfe lk ngzvgigakagn k

zbhtbvkzrvkq tev jbfkoe jb leq ;4A. Bn bqzkq

aenjgagenbq bq nbabqkvge etbvkv aen klzk bjkj

jbl iknme (BI' tkvk {rb qb trbjk llbykv kakfe bl tveabqe jb ievhk bigak (Menlb bz

kl., 64;4'. Tev bnaghk jb leq ;4A lk

ngzvgigakagn krhbnzk akqg jb ievhk

tvetevagenkl k lk Zv. Lkq fkazbvgkq jbl mnbve

Ngzveqehenkq kgqlkjkq jb leq iknmeq kazgyeq

zgbnbn rnk zkqk jb avbaghgbnze tzghk k 14A,

tev le {rb bqzk qb aenqgjbvk lk Zv gjbkl tkvk

{rb zbnmk lrmkv bl tveabqe jb ngzvgigakagn.

Lkq zbhtbvkzrvkq fkokq gn`gfbn bl

avbaghgbnze jb Ngzvefkazbv jb ievhk hqjvqzgak {rb bn Ngzveqtgvk, tev le {rb bq

aehn {rb leq genbq ngzvgze qb karhrlbn bn

bqzkq aenjgagenbq (Mbvkvjg, 6446'.

;.;.6. Klaklgngjkj w t@

Bl t@ gnilrwb qefvb lk zkqk jb avbaghgbnze jb

lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq. Qb `k efqbvykje

{rb lk zkqk hpghk jb ngzvgigakagn qb tvejrab

k yklevbq jb t@ bnzvb =.6 w 7.4

ktvepghkjkhbnzb, hgbnzvkq {rb aen yklevbq

gnibvgevbq k 9.2 lk ybleagjkj jb ngzvgigakagn qb

vbjrab jb ievhk fvrqak (Menlb bz kl.,

64;4'.

Lk klaklgngjkj jgqhgnrwb jrvknzb bl

tveabqe jb ngzvgigakagn jbfgje k lk mbnbvkagn

jb genbq `gjvmbne w jb genbq ngzvgze (Mbvkvjg,

6446'. Jrvknzb lk epgjkagn jbl khenge

zkhfgn qb tvejrab agje ngzveqe, aen bl

vbqrlzkje jb rnk jgqhgnragn jb lk klaklgngjkj.

;.;.1. Epmbne

Lk aenabnzvkagn jb epmbne jgqrblze bn bl

vbkazev (EJ' trbjb aenybvzgvqb bn rn ikazev

lghgzknzb tkvk bl avbaghgbnze jb lkq fkazbvgkqngzvgigaknzbq, vbjragnjeqb bqzkq

qgmngigakzgykhbnzb k aenabnzvkagenbq fkokq jb

EJ (Menlb bz kl., 64;4'. Lk aenabnzvkagn

tzghk jb EJ tkvk lemvkv rnk tzghk

ngzvgigakagn qb qgzk bn 6 1 hm%L.

Leq ikazevbq vbqtenqkflbq jb lk lghgzkagn

jb EJ bn bl tveabqe jb ngzvgigakagn qen lk

iklzk jb jgirqgn jb epmbne k zvkyq jb leq

ilarleq w lk aehtbzbnagk bn bl aenqrhe jb

epmbne tev ezveq evmkngqheq kbvefgeq. Blkrhbnze jb lk aenabnzvkagn jb EJ trbjb

kablbvkv lk ngzvgigakagn, tbvhgzgbnje rnk hboev

tbnbzvkagn jb bqzb bn leq ilarleq w tev zknze

qr kaabqe k lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq (Mbvkvjg,

6446'.

Bl EJ jbfb bqzkv fgbn jgqzvgfrgje bn bl

zkn{rb jb kgvbkagn w qr ngybl ne qb

vbaehgbnjk {rb qbk gnibvgev k 6 hm%L. Tkvk

epgjkv ; hm jb khenge qen nbabqkvgeq :.9 hm

jb E6 (Fgzzen, ;77:'. Lk aknzgjkj jb EJ kibazkk lk kazgygjkj jb lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq bn

irnagn jb lk Zv. K ngyblbq fkoeq jb EJ qb

trbjb tvejragv rnk ngzvgigakagn tkvagkl (Wbn bz

kl., 64;4'.

;.;.:. Khenge w ngzvgze

Leq nrzvgbnzbq trbjbn kibazkv w lghgzkv lk

qnzbqgq ablrlkv w bl avbaghgbnze fkazbvgkne.

Leq tvgnagtklbq nrzvgbnzbq gnevmngaeq

nbabqkvgeq tkvk leq hgaveevmkngqheq qen? N,


3/14

_evnek bz kl. 1

Q, T, C, Hm, Ak, Ib, Nk w Al (Hkjgmkn bz kl.,

6447'.

Bl avbaghgbnze jb lkq FEK w FEN qgmrbn lk

agnzgak jb Henej w jbtbnjbn jb lkq

aenabnzvkagenbq jb khenge w jb ngzvgze

vbqtbazgykhbnzb (Fgzzen, ;77:'.

;.;.2. Vblkagn bnzvb lk Jbhknjk Fge{rhgak jb

Epmbne (JFE2' w bl Ngzvmbne Cobljk`l Zezkl (NCZ'

Bl kmrk vbqgjrkl kilrbnzb kl tveabqe jb iknmeq

kazgyeq aenzgbnb rnk blbykjk aenabnzvkagn jb

hkzbvgk evmngak w ezveq nrzvgbnzbq {rb qen

rzglgkjeq tev lkq fkazbvgkq aehe irbnzb jb

akvfene w bnbvmk tkvk qr hbzkfelgqhe,avbaghgbnze w vbtvejraagn. Lk ivkaagn jb

evmkngqheq ngzvgigaknzbq jgqhgnrwb kl krhbnzkv

lk tvetevagn jb JFE2%NCZ. Bn tveabqeq

aehfgnkjeq jb blghgnkagn jb akvfene w jb

ngzvgigakagn bqzk tvetevagn bq qrtbvgev k 2,

hgbnzvkq {rb bn leq tveabqeq bn leq {rb qb

qbtkvkn khfeq tveabqeq, bn lk bzktk jb

ngzvgigakagn lk tvetevagn bq qrtbvgev k 1

(Fgzzen, 64;;'.

;.;.9. Qrqzknagkq zepgakq

Lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq qen hrw qbnqgflbq k

nrhbveqkq qrqzknagkq zpgakq {rb trbjbn

gn`gfgv qr avbaghgbnze, le {rb tveyeak rnk

jgqhgnragn bn lk zkqk jb ngzvgigakagn e rnk

gnzbvvrtagn jbl tveabqe, tev lk hrbvzb jb lkq

fkazbvgkq ghtlgakjkq, jbfgje k rnk blbykjk

zepgagjkj (Fgzzen, ;707'.

Leq aehtrbqzeq evmngaeq hq zpgaeqtkvk lkq fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq qen bl agknrve,

lk zgervbk, leq ibnelbq, lkq knglgnkq w leq

hbzklbq tbqkjeq (tlkzk, hbvarvge, n{rbl,

avehe, aefvb w gna' (Fgzzen, ;77:'.

]bllq bz kl. (6447' efqbvykven {rb k tbqkv

jb {rb bl avehe, n{rbl, hbvarvge, akjhge,

gna w aefvb jbheqzvkven zbnbv bibazeq

gn`gfgzevgeq qefvb lk kazgygjkj jb lkq FEK bn

arlzgye trve w hgpze, qle lk tvbqbnagk jb

avehe w n{rbl bn bl kilrbnzb zgbnbn rnk

aevvblkagn qgmngigakzgyk aen lk ykvgkfglgjkj jb

FEK.

Bn klmrneq bqzrjgeq qb tvetenb lk

gnjbtbnjbnagk bnzvb lk teflkagn jb FEK,

FEN w klmrneq tkvhbzveq etbvkagenklbq w

iqgae{rhgaeq bn bl tveabqe jb ngzvgigakagn.

Qgn bhfkvme, lk bigagbnagk jbl tveabqe bn lkq

bqzkagenbq jbtrvkjevkq jb kmrkq vbqgjrklbq

(BJKV' bq bl vbqrlzkje jb lk gnzbvkaagn

bnzvb zejkq lkq ykvgkflbq. K tbqkv jb {rb bl

jgqbe w etbvkagn jb ykvgkq BJKV qbk hrw

qghglkv, qb trbjbn jkv qgzrkagenbq hrw

jgibvbnzbq w tev le zknze jgqzgnzeqvbnjghgbnzeq. Lk hejgigakagn jb leq

tkvhbzveq, aenzbhtlkjeq jbqjb rn trnze

jb ygqzk gnjbtbnjgbnzb w fkqkjk bn lk

bptbvgbnagk jb ezvkq gnqzklkagenbq, qrtenb

kqrhgv rn klze aehtvehgqe tvgnagtklhbnzb

arknje jga`k hejgigakagn qrtenmk rn

gnavbhbnze bn bl aeqzb jb bptlezkagn, tev

bobhtle bn bl mkqze bnbvmzgae.

Jb k` bl gnzbvq jb lk jgyrlmkagn jb

hbzejelemkq tvazgakq w qbnagllkq {rbtbvhgzkn bqzrjgkv w byklrkv lk gnilrbnagk jb

zejkq lkq ykvgkflbq qefvb bl tveabqe jb

ngzvgigakagn bn tlknzkq jbtrvkjevkq k bqaklk

vbkl.

Bl tvbqbnzb bqzrjge zgbnb aehe efobzgye

bqzkflbabv lkq vblkagenbq bnzvb lk kfrnjknagk

jb FEK, FEN w leq jgqzgnzeq tkvhbzveq

etbvkagenklbq, iqgae{rhgaeq jbl kilrbnzb w

vbnjghgbnzeq jb blghgnkagn jbl ngzvmbne bn bl

bilrbnzb jb lk BJKV [F, rzglgknje bl knlgqgqjb aevvblkagn fgykvgknzb. Lk vblkagn bnzvb leq

vbnjghgbnzeq jb blghgnkagn jbl ngzvmbne w

tkvhbzveq etbvkagenklbq w iqgae{rhgaeq

vbibvgjeq k bqzb zvkfkoe `k qgje jbqavgzk tev

_evnek bz kl. (64;;'. Lk kfrnjknagk jb lk

teflkagn jb FEK w FEN bn lk BJKV [F `k

qgje jbqavgzk tev Kybnjke (64;;'.

Leq vbqrlzkjeq efzbngjeq `kn tbvhgzgje

jbigngv leq tkvhbzveq etbvkagenklbq w iqgae

{rhgaeq kqeagkjeq aen lk kfrnjknagk jb


4/14

: Knlgqgq jb lkq aevvblkagenbq jb fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq bn iknmeq kazgyeq

fkazbvgkq ngzvgigaknzbq w tev zknze, jb hkwev

vblbyknagk tkvk bl aenzvel jbl tveabqe jb

ngzvgigakagn. Qb `kn bqzkflbagje zkhfgn

k{rblleq tkvhbzveq ne lghgzknzbq jbl

tveabqe jb ngzvgigakagn3 zbhtbvkzrvk w

epgmbne jgqrblze bn bl vbkazev, bqzb lzghe jb

mvkn gnzbvq tev bl k`evve jb aeqzb jb

bptlezkagn tkvk lk BJKV.

6. HKZBVGKL W HZEJEQ

6.;. Zehk jb hrbqzvkq

Lkq hrbqzvkq qb zehkven bn lk BJKV [F,

{rb zvkzk rn akrjkl jb 17.=:0 h1%jk (jkzeq

BTQKV 64;4' w rnk teflkagn jb ;:;.907

`kfgzknzbq b{rgyklbnzbq. Arbnzk aen rn

tveabqe fgelmgae llbykje k akfe bn arkzve

vbkazevbq KE jb mbehbzvk vbazknmrlkv

(=2p64p:.2 h'.

Qb `kn vbklgkje akhtkkq jb hrbqzvbe

aen rnk ivbarbnagk {rgnabnkl jrvknzb rn ke

jbqjb jgagbhfvb jb 6440 `kqzk jgagbhfvb jb6447 (6: akhtkkq'. Akjk rnk jb bllkq qb

`k jbqkvvellkje jrvknzb arkzve jkq

aenqbarzgyeq vbtkvzgjeq jb lk qgmrgbnzb

ievhk? bn leq zvbq tvghbveq jkq (;, 6 w 1' qb

hrbqzvb bl kilrbnzb kl vbkazev, bn bl zbvabv

jk (1' qb hrbqzvb zkhfgn bl bilrbnzb jbl

jbaknzkjev qbarnjkvge. Bqzkq hrbqzvkq

irbven aehtrbqzkq, bq jbagv, qb efzrygbven k

tkvzgv jb lk hbalk jb hrbqzvkq qghtlbq

`evkvgkq bn vblkagn kl akrjkl. Bn bl arkvzejk (:' qb zeh rnk hrbqzvk qghtlb jb lgaev

hbalk bn lk qklgjk jbl vbkazev fgelmgae.

6.6. Tkvhbzveq iqgae{rhgaeq

Leq jkq ; w 6 qb knklgkven bn bl kilrbnzb kl

vbkazev lk J[E zezkl, J[E qelrflb (J[Eq' w

JFE2, hgbnzvkq {rb bl jk 1 qb llby k akfe

rn knlgqgq aehtlbze jbl kilrbnzb w bilrbnzb.

Bl efobzgye jbl tvghbv knlgqgq irb bqzrjgkv lk

gnilrbnagk jb lk akvmk evmngak w jbl qbmrnje

bqzkflbabv bl vbnjghgbnze jbl tveabqe

fgelmgae. Bl jk : qb tveabjg kl knlgqgq

aehtlbze jbl lgaev hbalk.

Leq tkvhbzveq qb jbzbvhgnkven

qgmrgbnje leq tveabjghgbnzeq nevhklgkjeq

(KT@K ;770'. Lk ivkaagn iglzvkjk (i' qb

efzrye rzglgknje rn iglzve jb lknk jb ygjvge

(]`kzhkn MI%A', aen rn zkhke nehgnkl jb

teve jb ;.6 h, w lk ivkaagn qelrflb (q' qb

efzrye k zvkyq jb rn iglzve jb 4.:2 h

(Mvkjw, ;707'.

6.1. Tkvhbzveq etbvkagenklbq

Leq tkvhbzveq etbvkagenklbq irbven

aklarlkjeq qbmn Hbzakli w Bjjw (;77;'

(zkflk ;'.

Jbfgje k lk gnbvagk bn bl tveabqe

fgelmgae jb klmrneq tkvhbzveq

etbvkagenklbq, aehe lk akvmk evmngak

kilrbnzb kl vbkazev fgelmgae (Qklykj bz kl.,

;771', qb `kn aklarlkje tkvk qr bqzrjge

jgqzgnzeq tkvhbzveq aen yklevbq tvehbjge jb

lk akvmk hqgak (AH' w zgbhte jb vbzbnagn

`gjvrlgae bn bl vbkazev fgelmgae (ZV@v'. Bn

bl akqe jb lk BI, bqzk irb aklarlkjk k tkvzgv

jbl qrhkzevge jb lkq ykvgkflbq

aevvbqtenjgbnzbq `kqzk rn hpghe jb qgbzb

jkq knzbvgevbq k lk zehk jb hrbqzvkq jbl

lgaev hbalk (jk :'. Jb bqzk ievhk, qbefzrygbven tkvk qr bqzrjge qgbzb bptvbqgenbq

jgqzgnzkq (BI;BI='.

Leq yklevbq jb EJ bn bl vbkazev irbven

jgqzvgfrgjeq bn zvbq gnzbvykleq (EJf, EJh w

EJk' w bptvbqkjeq bn tevabnzkob jb zgbhte

("'. Leq jkzeq aevvbqtenjgbven k hbjgjevbq

bn aenzgnre qgzrkjeq bn lk tkvzb ignkl jbl

vbkazev fgelmgae.


5/14

_evnek bz kl. 2

Zkflk ;. Tkvhbzveq etbvkagenklbq.

Tkvhbzve Qhfele Rngjkjbq Efqbvykagenbq

Zgbhte jb vbzbnagn gjvrlgaebn vbkazev

ZV@v1, ZV@v;,ZV@v6k, ZV@v6f

`evkqZV@v;? jk 1ZV@v6k? tvehbjge jkq 6 w 1ZV@v6f? tvehbjge jkq ; w 6ZV@v1? tvehbjge jkq ;, 6 w 1

Akvmk hqgakAH;, AH6k, AH6f,

AH1cm JFE2%cm QQYLH.jcm J[Eq%cm QQYLH.j

AH;? jk 1AH6k? tvehbjge jkq 6 w 1AH6f? tvehbjge jkq ; w 6AH1? tvehbjge jkq ;, 6 w 1

Bjkj jbl iknmeBI;, BI6, BI1,BI:, BI2, BI9,

BI=jkq

BIP. Jenjb P 8 n jkqknzbvgevbq bhtlbkjeq bn b lqrhkzevge jb lkq ykvgkflbq

Zbhtbvkzrvk vbazev Zv A

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6/14

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2012 - Análisis de las correlaciones entre la abundancia de bacterias nitrificantes, parámetros...

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