2012-07-18:【技術專題】Introduction to Distributed Power...
Transcript of 2012-07-18:【技術專題】Introduction to Distributed Power...
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電力電子系統與晶片實驗室Power Electronic Systems & Chips Lab.交通大學 • 電機與控制工程研究所
Power Electronic Systems & Chips Lab., NCTU, Taiwan
Introduction to Distributed Power Generation
REF: Soren Bakhoj Kjaer, Design and Control of an Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications, Ph. D. Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark Institute of Energy Technology, January 2005.
鄒 應 嶼 教 授
國立交通大學 電機與控制工程研究所
2012年7月18日
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Intelligent Distributed Power Generation
電力網路
柴油發電機
併網型太陽光變頻器
併網型燃料電池變頻器
微型渦輪發電機
電池儲能發電機變頻器
併網型風力發電變頻器
儲能系統
110/220 V, 50/60 Hz
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
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Grid Converters for Renewable Energy Conversion
General modular hybrid system with AC coupled components and standardized modules.
REF: Modelling and Simulation of a Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Hybrid System (El-Aal, PhD Thesis 2005)
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Next Generation Power Generation Network
Johan H.R. Enslin, "Interconnection of Distributed Power to the Distribution Network," IEEE Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2004.
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World Cumulative Installed PV Power
REF: Trends in photovoltaic applications in selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2002, International energy agency – photovoltaic power systems programme, IEA PVPS T1-12: 2003. www.iea-pvps.org.
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World PV Cell/Module Production (1988-2004)
Rest of World 3 4 4.7 5 4.6 4.4 5.6 6.35 9.75 9.4 18.7 20.5 23.42 32.62 53.55
Europe 6.7 7.9 10.2 13.4 16.4 16.55 21.7 20.1 18.8 30.4 33.5 40 60.66 86.38 135.05
Japan 12.8 14.2 16.8 19.9 18.8 16.7 16.5 16.4 21.2 35 49 80 128.6 171.22 251.07
United States 11.1 14.1 14.8 17.1 18.1 22.44 25.64 34.75 38.85 51 53.7 60.8 74.97 100.32 120.60
Total 33.6 40.2 46.5 55.4 57.9 60.09 69.44 77.6 88.6 125.8 154.9 201.3 287.65 390.54 560.27
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20020
84
190
364
104
742
2003129
308
618
139
1194
2004
0348
9805
a
50100150200250300350400450500550600
850800750700650
10501000950900
110011501200
REF: From PV News, Paul Maycock, Editor; yearly February editions.
(Megawatts)
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Historical Development of the Global Cumulative PV Power Installed per Region
Unit: MW
REF: EPIA; "Global market outlook for photovoltaics until 2013"; European Photovoltaic Industry Association, 2009.
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Control Structure of Distributed Power System
General structure for distributed power system having different input power sources.REF: F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, "Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power generation systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, , vol. 53, no. 5, pp.1398-1409, Oct. 2006.
Maximum power point tracker
Power conversion unit
Wind power
Input power
Photovoltaic
Fuel cell
Utility grid
Local load
Input power control
Generator speedcontrol
Grid monitoring unit
Line impedancedetection
Grid synchronizationunit
Overall systemcontrol
Load system
Input side controller Grid side controller
P* Q*
soft-starterSCIG
Gear box Capacitorbank
TransformerGrid
Gear box
WRIG
AC
DC
DC
AC
GridTransformer
Input side control Grid side control
(a)
(b)
SCIG&
SG
AC
DC
DC
AC
Gear box
GridTransformer
Input side control Grid side control
(c)
MPSGAC
DC
DC
AC
TransformerGrid
Input side control Grid side control
(d)
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Cost Analysis of PV Inverter Systems
PV Inverter
PV Module: 70% PV Inverter: 10% Installation: 20%
PV Inverter雖然僅佔太陽光發電系統總成本的10%,但卻關係著系統的整體效能,也是系統整合技術的關鍵。PV Module本身是高耗能的製造產業, PV Inverter卻是高效率電力電子節能技術的關鍵,也是高效率數位電源控制技術的具體實現。其技術本身不單是綠色再生能源產品的發展關鍵,也因為具備即時韌體控制技術的本質,具有高附加價值精益求精的特色,是綠色能源科技最關鍵的系統整合技術!
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Renewable Power Converting Systems
Converting wind power to electrical power in a wind turbine
Fuel-Cell Based Grid-Connected Inverter
PV Inverter
GridInverterDC-DCConverter
Fuel Cell
Battery/Ultracap
DC LinkCaps
Mechanical Power
GeneratorGearbox (optional)Rotor Power converter (optional)
Supply grid
Electrical Power
Consumer / load
Power transmissionPower conversion &power control
Power conversion Power transmissionPower conversion &power control
Wind power
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Fuel-Cell Based Inverter for AC Power Supplying
48VDC/400VDC,40KHz PUSH PULL CONVERTER 120V/240VAC,20KHz PWN INVERTER
VoltageFeedback
VoltageController
variable limiter
Fuel CellPower Available Signal
CurrentRef.
Fuel CellDC Power Input
CurrentController
CurrentFeedback
To Inverter
DC-DC Converter
Voltage Ref.
3
3
C1
N1
N1
IT2T2
Vin
T1iT1Iin
Fuel Cell Input48VDC
N2
N2
D1 D3D1
D2D4
VDC
iCD3
iCC2
C3
N
IDCiD1 iL L1
Lb
LbVbatt
A
S1 S3
S2 S4
B
L2C4
C5
iB
L3
iA
K1
K2
iAO
iBO
Vbatt
AN
BN
AC Output120/140V, 60Hz
TR11:5 Battery Backup
REF: R. Gopinath, Kim Sangsun, Jae-Hong Hahn, P. N. Enjeti, M. B. Yeary, and Jo. W. Hoeje, "Development of a low cost fuel cell inverter system with DSP control," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1256-1262, Sept. 2004.
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A Grid-Connected PV System
Full-Bridge Inverter
Microcontroller
load
InverterGate Drive
RelayGate Drive
FeedbackSensing Circuit
Meter
DC Side isolation switch
To high efficiency AC
appliances
inverter
PV Array(usually building mounted)
AC mains supplyMain fuse box
PV Panel
DC ACACDC
PV Inverter
ElectricalDistribution
System
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Wind Power Generation System
Turbine aerodynamic
Grid
Turbine gearbox
Power Converter
Controller
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Power Supply Design
Power Converting Systems
LOADINPUTFILTER
What are the applications?
What is the power source and specifications?
Specs. Specs.
OUTPUTFILTER
What is the power requirement?
POWERCONVERTER
EfficiencyPower Density
CONTROLLER
RegulationDynamics
Power Electronics = Efficient Power Conversion + Robust Power Control
SOURCE
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DC Coupled Hybrid Power Systems
REF: Modelling and Simulation of a Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Hybrid System, El-Aal, PhD Thesis, 2005.
Fuel
Fuel
H2 Storage
Reformer
PV Generator
DC Wind Generator
DC Diesel Generator
Fuel cell&
Electrolyser
Fuel cell
Storage mediaBattery or
Supercapacitor
AC loads
DC
BUS
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AC Coupled Hybrid Power Systems
REF: Modelling and Simulation of a Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Hybrid System, El-Aal, PhD Thesis, 2005.
Fuel
Fuel
H2 Storage
Reformer
PV Generator
DC Wind Generator
DC Diesel Generator
Fuel cell&
Electrolyser
Fuel cell
Storage mediaBattery or
Supercapacitor
AC loads
AC BU
S
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Block Diagram of a Hydrogen PVFC Hybrid System
Modelling and Simulation of a Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Hybrid System, El-Aal, PhD Thesis, 2005.
PVGenerator
Load Management&
Control Unit
ElectricalLoad
Short-term Energy Storage(Battery or Supercapacitor)
Electrolyser H2 Storage Tank Fuel Cell
O2 or airH2OO2 Long-term Energy Storage
Electricity
Hydrogen
Water
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併網型變頻器是邁向未來再生能源產業的關鍵產品
併網型變頻器
DCAC
併網型變頻器
DCAC
併網型變頻器
DCAC
雙向併網型變頻器
DCAC
Power Conditioner
『併網型變頻器』是各種再生能源系統與現有電力系統連結的關鍵組件,也是再生能源系統整合的關鍵,發展住宅用併網型變頻器技術是邁向未來再生能源產業的關鍵。
太陽能
風能
燃料電池
蓄電池Battery
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DSP-Based Firmware DesignPower Circuit and Interface
Circuit Design
Distributed Power Generator
PLL
MPPT
PV
DC
AC
DC
DC
Igridctrl
ctrlUDC
uDC
CDC
uref
irefiPV
uPV
ugridigrid
iref
)sin( tgrid
Grid
Energy Source Characteristics and Dynamics
Islanding Protection
Utility InterfaceRegulationsSafety
Filter Design
MPPT
Grid-Connected Inverter Control
Start-up and Protection Monitoring and Recording
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References: Distributed Power Generation
[1] Soren Bakhoj Kjaer, Design and Control of an Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications, Ph. D. Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark Institute of Energy Technology, January 2005.
[2] Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre, and Pedro Rodriguez, Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems, Wiley; 1 Ed., IEEE Press, April 12, 2011.
[3] Ewald F. Fuchs and Mohammad A.S. Masoum, Power Conversion of Renewable Energy Systems, 1st Ed., Springer Press, 2011.
[4] S. R. Bull, "Renewable energy today and tomorrow," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 1216-1226, Aug. 2001. [5] “Annual energy outlook 2000,” U.S. Dept. of Energy, DOE/EIA-0383(2000), 1999.[6] World Directory of Renewable Energy Suppliers and Services. London, U.K.: James and James, 1997.[7] (2000) Annual Energy Review1999. U.S. Dept. of Energy. [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.doe.gov/ 240–243, Jan. 1995. [8] E. Masada, "Power electronics in industrial strategy for modern society," Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference,
PCC-Osaka, pp. 1-6, 2002. [9] M. Yamaguchi, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 5, pp. 113-135, 2001. [10] M. Yamaguchi, High efficiency and high concentration in photovoltaics, IEEE Trans. Elect. Dev., Vol.46 , No.10, pp. 2139-2144,
1999.[11] G. Connor and H. W. Whittington, "A vision of true costing [renewable energy]," Engineering Science and Education Journal, vol.
10, no. 1, pp. 4-12, Feb. 2001. [12] M. Begovic, A. Pregelj, A. Rohatgi, and C. Honsberg, "Green power: status and perspectives," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 89,
no. 12, pp. 1734-1743, Dec. 2001. [13] H. Falk, "Prolog to renewable energy today and tomorrow," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 1214-1215, Aug. 2001. [14] M. Yamaguchi, Present status and prospects of photovoltaic technologies in Japan, August 30, 2000, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews. pp. 113-135. [15] W. Kleinkauf, G. Cramer, and M. Ibrahim; "PV Systems Technology - State of the art developments and trends in remote
electrification," SMA Technologie AG, Dec. 01, 2005.
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References: Distributed Power Generation
[15] Gilbert M. Masters, Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, Wiley-IEEE Press, August 2004.[16] Thomas Ackermann, Wind Power in Power Systems, Wiley-IEEE Press, March 2005. [17] W. Shepherd, L. N. Hulley, and D. T. W. Liang, Power Electronics and Motor Control, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University
Press, January 1996. [18] Siegfried Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, 2nd Edition, Wiley-IEEE Press, August 2004. [19] George G. Karady and Keith E. Holbert, Electrical Energy Conversion and Transport: An Interactive Computer-Based
Approach, Wiley-IEEE Press, August 2004.[20] Johan H.R. Enslin, "Interconnection of Distributed Power to the Distribution Network," IEEE Power Systems Conference and
Exposition (PSCE), 2004.[21] R. Gopinath, Kim Sangsun, Jae-Hong Hahn, P. N. Enjeti, M. B. Yeary, and Jo. W. Hoeje, "Development of a low cost fuel cell
inverter system with DSP control," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1256-1262, Sept. 2004. [22] A. F. Zobaa and C. Cecati, "A comprehensive review on distributed power generation," International Symposium on Power
Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), pp.514-518, 23-26 May 2006. [23] F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, "Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power
generation systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, , vol. 53, no. 5, pp.1398-1409, Oct. 2006. [24] KEMA: “Electricity Technology Roadmap for the Netherlands in a North-West European perspective: Technology for the
Sustainable Society”, September 2001.[25] J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C. P. Guisado, Ma. A. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, N. Moreno-Alfonso,
"Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 4, pp.1002-1016, June 2006.
[26] SMA inverterite kataloog 2009: http://issuu.com/futuren/docs/sma_kataloog_2009
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Grid Converters: Recommended Books
Power Conversion of Renewable Energy Systems, Ewald F. Fuchs and Mohammad A.S. Masoum, 1st Ed., Springer Press, 2011.
Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems, Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre, and Pedro Rodriguez,Wiley; 1 Ed., IEEE Press, April 12, 2011.
Design and Control of an Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications, Soren Bakhoj Kjaer, Ph. D. Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark Institute of Energy Technology, January 2005.
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Extended Readings
Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, Gilbert M. Masters, Wiley-IEEE Press, August 2004.
Wind Power in Power Systems,Thomas Ackermann,Wiley-IEEE Press, March 2005.
Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, Siegfried Heier, 2nd Edition, Wiley-IEEE Press, August 2004.
Electrical Energy Conversion and Transport: An Interactive Computer-Based Approach, Dr. George G. Karady, Dr. Keith E. Holbert Wiley-IEEE Press, August 2004.
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Knowledge, Innovation, and Education
Smart Power Processing for Energy Saving
Power Electronic Systems & Chips Lab., NCTU, Taiwan
Thanks for your kind attention!
電力電子系統與晶片實驗室Power Electronic Systems & Chips Lab.交通大學 • 電機與控制工程研究所