2006 年江苏教育电视台《高考进行时》节目

书面表达考前指导

江苏省姜堰中学 吉晨春

一、高考命题要求、趋势、特点：

2006 年英语《考试大纲》对写作的要求：

考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。

新《高中英语课程标准》八级语言技能目标对“写”的描述：

能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。

2005 年全国 16 套高考书面表达试题类型：

按形式划分：表格 7 篇，图画 5 篇，文字 4 篇；

按文体划分：应用文 7 篇，议论文 3 篇，记叙 + 议论 3 篇，说明 + 议论 1 篇，记叙文 1 篇，开放作文1 篇（北京）

2004 、 2005 年江苏自主命题书面表达题：

分别为表格、文字作文，皆为学生熟悉的话题。 2005年的话题（建立和谐社会）比 2004 年（介绍家乡江城）从语言表达的难度上来看有所增大，但两年书面表达题有一致的风格：都是书信格式，在给定文字内容的同时都要求表达自己的观点、态度，体现写作的开放性趋势。

二、书面表达解题要领和复习对策

2005 年江苏书面表达题 假设你是李晓平，是“江苏中学”的学生。请你围绕“建设和谐社会”的主题，根据下面所给出的要点提示，用英语给全省中学生写一封倡议书。要点提示：1 ．人与社会：祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心2 ．人与人：家人、师长、同学，诚信互助3 ．人与自然：能源、环境、动植物，爱惜保护4 ．你的态度：（内容由考生自己拟定）

注意：1 ．词数： 100 左右。倡议书的开头、结尾以及提示句已为你写好，不计入词数。2 ．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。A Letter to High School Students in JiangsuDear fellow students,

Our government is aiming to build a “harmonious society” （和谐社会 ). I think it is every citizen’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal.

As high school students, what should we do?_______________________________________________________________________________

As for myself, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dear fellow students, let’s start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!

Li Xiaoping From Jiangsu High School

解题要领

1 、审题

审题五步骤：

一审文体，

二审人称，

三审时态，

四审语态、语气，

五审要点。

本篇审题 :

文体：书信（应用文） ---倡议书（格式已给定）；

人称：由于是倡议书，以第一人称为主；

时态：以将来时和一般时为主；

语态、语气：主动语态为主，用情态动词表示写信人的倡议语气

要点： 1 ）人与社会：祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心2 ）人与人：家人、师长、同学，诚信互助3 ）人与自然：能源、环境、动植物，爱惜保护4 ）你的态度

2 、构思、编写

构思、编写八个字：

谋篇、遣词、造句、行文

谋篇

理清文章的脉络和层次

搭好文章的框架 添加连接词，行文连贯 .

本篇 4个语言点层次清楚，不妨按顺序分成 4段来写。分段的同时应考虑段落之间的常用连接词，如： First…， Second（ ly） /then/next…， Finally…；或 On one hand, …on the other hand等。

可选择的关联词：(1) 递进： and, then, further more, moreover, besides;(2)转折： but, or, or else, however, on the contrary， (3) 强调： indeed, certainly ,above all, surely(4)对比：while, in the same way, similarly, just as, instead, on one hand …on the other hand

(5)描述： in fact, actually, in other words, for example, (6) 推理： so, therefore, hence, on account of, in this way

(7)目的： so that, so as to, in order that, in order to, for the purpose of, in hope of

(8) 总结： finally, at last, in brief, on the whole…

遣词：

弄清所选词汇使用范围和重量，用最佳、最有把握的英语表达。

本篇中几个需要处理好的要点：

热爱、关心

love, take care of ， care for , take interest in…

诚信互助 show … respect for， be honest/ faithful/helpful, help…

爱惜保护

protect, save, care for, prevent…from…

We should do our best to protect the environment, energy , plants and animals.

environment 只能用单数， "自然环境，社会环境 "；atmosphere"大气，大气层；气氛 "；surroundings 常用复数，指周围的环境

造句

因句子错误失分是高考英语书面表达得分较低的主要原因。

Everyone should trust each other and eager to give a hand if others are in troubles no matter we are family members, teachers and students and even strangers.

People should trust each other and be eager to give a hand if others are in trouble no matter who they are, family members, teachers and students or even strangers.

Get on well with people is important for us.

Getting on well with other people is important for us.

典型错误 ----动词做主语。

There were a lot of people stood there.

A lot of people stood there.

We should be friendly with the nature, such as, protect animals, environment, love flowers and trees and so on.

We should be friendly with nature, including animals, trees and flowers. To protect the environment is to protect ourselves.

When they need our help, we should tryour best.

We should try our best to help them when they need.

In our school, we also should respect our teaches whoever we know or don’t know.

In our school, we also should respectteachers whether we know them or not.

Animals are humens’ friends. It’s our duty to love and protect well.

Animals are friends of us human beings. It’s our duty to protect them well.

As for myself, our people are members of the whole society, nobody is special. We should work hard to achieve the goal.

As for myself, I know everyone is a member of society and I am no exception. Joining others, I’ll work even harder tohelp achieve the

goal.

Energy is fewer and fewer, so we should save it.

There is less and less energy, so we should save it.

• Students are more and more.

• The number of the students is becoming larger and larger.

遣词造句注意点：

(1) 弄清词性，选准词汇和固定搭配，力求表达准确。

(2)用好时态、语态 ,注意逻辑关系和一致问题，保证句子结构完整，表达到位。

行文 行文就是在对内容要点把握准确的基础上，选好词句、用好标点，连词成句形成逻辑严密、通顺连贯的文章的过程。

（ 1 ） A Letter to High School Students in Jiangsu

Dear fellow students,Our government is aiming to build a “harmonious society”. I think it is every citizen’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As high school students, what should we do?

First of all, we should love our country and our hometown.(1) It is love that make everything harmonious. （ 2 ） For example, we love our school, so we are proud of being a member of it.

And we should trust our family, our teachers, and our classmates. We should help each other. (3)When we are in a harmonians society, we won’t fell helpless. Help can make the world warmer. Of course, we should also love our earth and protect our nature. Without the earth, everything would be impossible.(4) Animals are our friends, too. We live in the only earth. As for myself, (5)maybe what I do is little importance, but I hope I could make a difference.

Dear fellow students, let’s start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every inute!

Li XiaopingFrom Jiangsu High School

It is love that make everything harmonious.

It is love that makes our society harmonious.

For example, we love our school, so we are proud of being a member of it.

Being a student , we should love our school.

When we are in a harmonians society, we won’t fell helpless.

When we are in a harmonious society, we won’t feel helpless.

Animals are our friends, too. We live in the only earth.

Animals are our friends, too. We live on the same earth.

As for myself, maybe what I do is little importance, but I wish I will make a difference.

As for myself, maybe what I do is of little importance, but I wish I could make a difference.

（ 2 ）……Firstly, each of us should keep in harmony with society. This means that we should care for our country, hometown and school. Secondly, we ought to try to get along well with each other. We should trust our parents, teachers and classmates, and we need to help each other. Thirdly, we must keep in harmony with nature. We must protect and value resources, the environment, plants and animals.

As for myself, I think we should not only have the sense of “a harmonious society”, but put it into practice. Though we are only students, we can also make a contribution to building a “harmonious society”. For example, we can try our best to save water, electronic power in our everyday life and care for people around us.

care for our country, hometown and school trust our parents, teachers and classmates protect and value resources, the environment, plants and animals

We should love our motherland. Let’s take a great interest in the development of our hometowns and take an active part in our school and class activities.

• Secondly, let’s fill the world with love. We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. We should also care for each other and help those in need. Most important of all, all of us must be faithful and honest in our daily life.

• Finally, let’s work together to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass.

丰富句式结构的常见表达：• with复合结构 / 独立结构；• 倒装句 / 感叹句 / 强调句 / 祈使句 /省略句；• 并列句 /主从复合句• 特定句型 It is … since…； Hardly…when…；We were about to set off when…；

…is to …what….is to…； not…but…； The first time……；

5. 介词短语，如 in spite of； for rear of； including… ；

6. 非谓语短语；7.形容词短语、副词，如： safe and sound ；Luckily ； Strangely…；8. 插入语 / 插入句，如：What’s more ； I suppose； Say…；9. 固定表达，如： Generally speaking； considering…； seeing…； given……；

书信常用语：1)Thank you for your letter of (dated) Dec.22 ，2005.(开头 )2)I am very much pleased to inform you that …..3)I am very obliged to you for your warm congra- tulations.… 4 ） Looking forward to your early reply，

5 ） Hoping to hear from you soon，6 ） Your early reply will be highly appreciated.7 ） Please let us know if you want more information.8） I wish you every success in the coming year.9） Please remember me to your family.10 ）With best wishes!11 ） All the best.12) If my application is successful, I should/would like to... (求职 )　13) I am available for a personal interview if you are interested in my application. 14) I feel I am well qualified to...for the following reasons.… …

口头通知常用语：1 ）May I have your attention, please? / Attention, please, everyone. 2 ） Be quiet, please.3) I have something important to tell you./ I have an announcement to make.4) Be sure not to be late./Please be present on time.5) Everyone is required to be there on time.6) Those who are interested in it are warmly welcomed.7) That’s all. Thank you. / So much for it. Thank you. … …

说明、议论文用语：1 ） Nowadays/Recently, an increasing number of people become extremely concerned over…. 2) There may be several possible reasons. First,…3) It is largely due to …. 4) In my opinion, ….5) As far as I am concerned, …6) It is obvious that... 7) On the one hand,...; on the other hand,... 8) While it is true…,….9) As is known,...10) In short, .../In a word….… …

复查纠错查体裁，看格式和人称是否正确。2 ）查动词，看时态、语态、主谓一致、动词短语等相

关形式。3) 查句式结构、习惯用语和固定搭配，看是否符合英

语表达的习惯，是否得体。4 ）查单词拼写、大小写及标点符号，看断句是否合理

或是否缺少关联词句

复习对策1 、读写结合，练习为主2 、基础过关，词句为重3 、注意方法，讲究实效

• Wish everyone success!