2-Konsep Dasar Sistem (SIM)
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Transcript of 2-Konsep Dasar Sistem (SIM)
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SISTEM INFORMASISISTEM INFORMASIMANAJEMENMANAJEMEN
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Konsep Dasar Sistem,
,Informasi
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SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
Sistem
PendekatankomponenKumpulan darikomponen yang saling berhubungan satu
dengan yang lainnyamembentuk satukesatuan untuk mencapai tujuantertentu
PendekatanprosedurKumpulan dariprosedur-prosedur yang mempunyai
tujuan tertentu
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Subsistem
Subsistem
Batassistem
Karakteristik Sistem
Sub
sistem
Subsistem
Lingkungan luar
Penghubungsistem
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SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
What Is a System? System: A set of components that work together to achieve a
common goal
Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more
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an one sys em are com ne o reac an u ma e goa
Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact withother systems
Open system: System that interfaces with other systems
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SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
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Figure 1.3
Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.
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SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
Data: Serangkaian fakta-fakta yang mencerminkan
kejadian yang terjadi dalam organisasi atau lingkungan
phisik sebelum diorganisir dan disusun ke dalam sebuah
bentuk yang bisa dipahami dan digunakan secara efektif oleh
Informasi:
- Data yang diolah menjadi bentuk yang berguna bagi para
pemakainya (meaningful context ).
- Data yang sudah diproses
- Data yang diproses dengan cara penjumlahan,
mengurutkan, merata-ratakan, menbandingkan, etc.
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SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
Meaningful context:
- context : - informasi bervariasi dari orang ke orang
- informasi dari satu orang bisa menjadi data
menurut context orang lainconto :
- departemen produksi menghasilkan informasi berupa
ikhtisar aktifitas harian
- ikhtisar kegiatan harian di departemen produksi menjadi
input untuk buku besar umum di departemen akuntansi
dalam rangka menghasilkan informasi seperti nerasa dan
laba rugi bulanan.
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SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
Data
Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional
value beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Data Information
$35,000 12 Units
$12,000 J. Jones Western Region$100,000 100 Units
35 Units
DataProcessing
Salesperson: J. Jones
Sales Territory: WesternRegion Current Sales: 147Units = $147,000
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SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
Sistem Informasi: Kumpulan komponen-komponen yang saling berhubungan yangmengumpulkan, memproses, menyimpan danmendistribusikan informasi untuk mendukung
pengambilan keputusan dan pengawasan .
SIM– Merencanakan, mengembangkan,mengelola dan menggunakan peralatan TI
untuk membantu orang-orang dalammelaksanakan semua tugas-tugas yangberhubungan dengan pemrosesan danpengelolaan informasi
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Characteristics of good information
1. Accurate2. Timely3. Relevant
- to context - to subject
4. Just sufficient5. Worth its cost
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Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
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Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be aset of interrelated elements or components that
collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate
(output) data and information and provide a feedback
mechanism to meet an objective.
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Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
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Data, Information, and Systems
16Figure 1.6 Components of an information system
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An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks andthe data resources that collects, transforms and disseminatesinformation in a organization.
Computer-based Information System
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Data, Information, and Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
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mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or presented.
Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.
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IT VERSUS IS
Information Technology (IT):
- Refers to the products, methods, inventions, andstandards that are used for the purpose of producing
information. - consists of all the hardware and software that a firm
use in order to achieve its business objectives.
Information System (IS):
- an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures,and people that interact produces information.
- IS can be understood by looking from both atechnology and a business perspective.
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INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
Hardware
Software
Databases
are used to build
INFORMATION
PayrollSystem
Inventory System
IT Vs IS
Networks
Other relatedcomponents
MarketingSystem
CustomerServiceSystem
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Perkembangan peran sisteminformasi
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Era jejaring global
Era jejaring
Pertengahan 1990-an
1970-an – 1980-an
1960-an – 1970-an
Awal 1950 - awal 1960-an
Era informasi
Era operasional
Eraakuntansi
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Expanding Roles of IS
1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s
2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s
3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s
4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s
5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
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Classification of IS
Information Systems
Operations Support
System ManagementSu ort S stem
Transactionprocessingsystems
Processcontrolsystems
Officeautomationsystems
Managementinformationsystems
Decisionsupportsystems
Executiveinformationsystems
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1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations
Major categories are:i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. anagemen uppor ys ems prov e n orma onand support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories arei) Management Information System
ii) Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System
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1. Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
• Process business exchanges
• Maintain records about the exchanges
• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
• Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and controlindustrial processes.
iii) Office automation systems automate officeprocedures and enhance office communications andproductivity.
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2. Management support systems provide information
and support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are:
i) Management information systems
Operational efficiency
Use transaction data as main input
Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
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ii) Decision Support System
• Interactive support for non-routine decisions orproblems
• End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an
MIS
iii) Executive information systems
Provide critical information tailored to the information
needs of executives
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Other categories :
a) Expert systems : Expert Systems are knowledge-based
systems that provides expert advice and act as expertconsultants to the users
b) End user computing systems : End user computingsystems support the direct, hands on use of computers by
end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems : Businessinformation systems support the operational andmanagerial applications of the basic business functions of
a firmd) Strategic information systems : Strategic
information systems provide a firm which strategicproducts, services, and capabilities for competitiveadvantage
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Peran utama sistem SI dalam bisnis
Mendukungendukung
berbagaierbagai
strategi untuktrategi untuk
keunggulaneunggulan
kompetitifompetitif
Mendukungendukung
berbagaierbagai
strategi untuktrategi untuk
keunggulaneunggulan
kompetitifompetitif
Mendukung pengambilanendukung pengambilan
eputusan dalam bisniseputusan dalam bisnis
Mendukung proses dan operasi bisnisendukung proses dan operasi bisnis
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Middle management
Seniormanagement
Informasipemecahanmasalah
Informasi
pengarahan
Operational management
Production & service workers
Data workers
knowledge workers perhatian
Informasi
pengumpulan data
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Tipe Informasi
Informasipemecahan
masalah
Merupakan informasi untuk membantumanajer atas mengambil keputusanpemecahan masalah yangdihadapinya
Merupakan informasi untuk membantu pengarahan
perhatian
manajemen memusatkan perhatianpada masalah2 menyimpang dankesempatan2 yang dapat dilakukan
InformasiPengumpul-
an data
Merupakan informasi yang berupaakumulasi atau pengumpulan data
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Manajemen senior : membuat keputusan strategik jangkapanjang tentang produk dan jasa yang ditawarkan untukmemastikan tercapainya kinerja keuangan perusahaan.
Manajemen tingkat menengah : menjalankan program danrencana yang sudah dibuat oleh manajemen senior .
Knowledge worker (ex; ilmuwan, insinyur, arsitek) :
mendisain produk atau jasa dan menciptakan pengetahuan .
Manajemen operasional : bertanggung jawab mengawasiaktifitas bisnis sehari-hari.
Production or service worker : menghasilkan produk dan
menyampaikan jasa. Data worker (ex; sekrektaris) : membantu semua level yang
ada di perusahaan.
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Pendekatan Kontemporer SI
Ilmu
Ilmukomputer
Operationresearch
Pendekatan teknis
manajemen
Sosiologi
EkonomiPsikologi
SIM
Pendekatan perilaku
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Pendekatan teknis :
Menekankan model berbasis matematika untuk mempelajari SI. Disiplin atau ilmu yang berperanterhadap pendekatan teknis adalah pengetahuankomputer, pengetahuan manajemen, dan risetoperasi.
Merupakan bagian penting dari SI yang berkaitandengan isu-isu perilaku yang muncul dalampengembangan dan pemeliharaan SI jangkapanjang.
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Lists categories of knowledge
Why information systems are necessary
What are the fundamental terms
What are the essential technologies
What are the basic information s stem t es
How information system are to be managed anddeveloped
How to find out about new technology
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Knowledge category Example
Why Need for IS • competitive advantage
• problem solving•Decision making
What Fundamental terms • CPU• DBMS•IP address
Essential Technologies • Relational data model•LAN WAN Internet • HTML, XML
IS types • CRM• ERP• DSS
How Methodologies • data modeling• Systems development• Security management
Technology frameworks • Systems development life cycle
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IS as Discipline
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science,Psychology, Operations Research,
Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational
Theory.
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Challenges
1. Workforce downsizing
2. Information overload 3. Employee mistrust
4. Difficult to built
5. Security breaches
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Information Systems
Why Do People Need Information?
Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
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Businesses - Decision making, problem solving andcontrol
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Data, Information, and Systems
Information and Managers
Systems thinking
Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.
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business.
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Data, Information, and Systems
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Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
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Data, Information, and Systems
The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy
Synergy
When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of
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Allows human thought to be translated into efficientprocessing of large amounts of data
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Why Study IS?
Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database
administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers
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Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to useinformation technology.
Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy
Key to full participation in western society
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Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Consumer Privacy
Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amountsof data on individuals.
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mp oyee r vacy
IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violatingprivacy and creating stress.
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Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual
property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism
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--professions.
Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than 3%
have Internet access.
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THE END
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