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%©$Ï2#Ð 1 Fñ6íFßG W7w$Ï 3'¿ぞ H $Æ 3í U WFþFô …...3 b K t ^ # y a$Æ 3í U W b 5 ~ 7...
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1 ▩Ⓩ㈀⏐ᶊಕ㆜䛱㛭䛟䜑ᅗ㝷Ⓩᨳ➿ぞ瘠o槐;濯噪癮瘨 礼籟 ∗ こオエエガ 烱 ギ 鏗篤捗∟ァ 鑄閼 7耆 晷 さ㋴ 鑢ハ貅崎昨漉WTO 由暘搾滝校埼菜咲o柾菜財 TRIPS 由暘桟掠晒濯砕漉0㊖ 斟濯搾鴫斯紙子埼噪⻀ɔ謳一ぞ瘠埼最塞ふⅤ採皿材搾纊圜ɔ鷺僮嵃Ⅴ桟返隸菜漉o槐;濯 噪笹搾疽堠桟a柞菜財腰 TRIPS 由暘昨漉噪岷謳一崎昨鷺災噪敏謳一桟短財三梏ぅ埼菜咲最 三Ⅴ漉靖滉募浴放崎昨鷺災札菜参爾試治璽疾施獅叱祉質詞搾イ埼最塞呆熾搾離闕作短╉ 桟才最咲最三埼最塞Ⅴ崎漉材傘痛烹搾 GATT 桟単盂埼載三噪⻀ɔ謳一ぞ瘠作廬㈻桟薩財皿 載薩搾埼鷺堺咲最三腰砦搾鮫塞鷺 TRIPS 由暘搾磔饌昨漉噪⻀ɔ謳一ぞ瘠搾o槐;濯噪噪 敏笹搾⑵)桟a宰三濯崎黻殺咲臍さ崎催三腰滝赭漉癇闢刷埼燦碕曉㈻ɔ鷺籟老桟莟財鷺最 埼a宰皿傘咲歳財 TRIPS 由暘搾単搾鎬稷噪瘋器ぞ暘栽漉yをブ躾坏娉催三最昨門8燐┍ 作才犀三åゾ峠ぜぞ暘坏娉短4作滝暘搾S晒桟採犀三薩搾埼鷺堺咲歳財腰砦搾鮫塞鷺 TRIPS 由暘搾磔饌昨埼歳作兆⎩堀作僮嵃桟舸宰三o槐;濯噪作本夢載三ハP埼菜咲幡歳 塞三砦埼栽惨採堺財腰 ∗ 本論文の修正に当たっては、久保研介氏および２名の匿名査読者より有益なコメント を多数いただいた。ここに感謝の意を表したい。 † 綰缺4岫彖斟0㊖斟校譴薤腰
Transcript of %©$Ï2#Ð 1 Fñ6íFßG W7w$Ï 3'¿ぞ H $Æ 3í U WFþFô …...3 b K t ^ # y a$Æ 3í U W b 5 ~ 7...
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ぞ
∗
∟
さ WTO TRIPS
ぞ ふⅤ Ⅴ
TRIPS
Ⅴ ╉
Ⅴ GATT ぞ ㈻
TRIPS ぞ
さ ㈻
TRIPS ぞ ┍
ぞ
TRIPS
∗ 本論文の修正に当たっては、久保研介氏および２名の匿名査読者より有益なコメントを多数いただいた。ここに感謝の意を表したい。 †
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1950
60
├
さ
″㈹
├
さ ぜ
ぞ 1995 WTO
み ぞ よ
ぞ 1990
EU FTA
┊ ぜ
ぞ ㎲
┊ ㎲
├ さ
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っ
1995 Agreement on Trade-related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TRIPS
General Agreement on Trade in Services: GATS
WTO TRIP GATT/WTO
㈻ ぞ ❻
ぜ 1
ぞ ❻
Agreement on
Trade-Related Investment Measures: TRIM ㎲
TRIPS ”trade-related”
ぞ
よ
ぞ
TRIPS ╉ ぞ
1 Stegemann (2000, pp. 157-158) Ⅴ
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Agreement on the Application of
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: SPS
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade: TBT GATS
さ
ぞ
TRIPS
㎲ ぞ ㈻ ❻
TRIPS ぞ
さ TRIPS
TRIPS ├
∞ TRIPS
WTO ぞ
ぞ TRIPS
よ さ
1990 ┊ み
さ
ス み
㈻ ┞
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さ
WTO ぞ
さ
セ GATT GATS
ぞ ス
WTO ┍ よ
㈻ TRIPS
ぞ ┍ ぞ
㎲ さ
TRIPS
ぞ ス
ぞ
ぞ
┊ ㎲
TRIPS ぞ
ぞ
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ふⅤ GATT み
ぞ TRIPS
TRIPS ぞ
ぞ
I GATT ぞ
ぞ
GATT ぞ Ⅴ ぞ
GATT
┘
♣ 2
″
2 社会的厚生関数を一国単位で設定するのかそれとも世界全体で１つのものと考えるのかは、言うまでもなく重要な問題である。伝統的な貿易政策論では一国単位で社会的厚
生を議論する場合が多いが、GATTの下での国際的経済秩序を考察する際には世界全体の社会的厚生関数をベースとすべきであるのかも知れない。いずれの立場をとるにせよ、
政策変更が極端に強い交易条件効果を持たない限り、推奨される政策はほぼ同じとなる。
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┘
々
スゝ
さ ┘ ″
さ
┘ ぞ
さ
ぞ ㎲
┘ ┘
ぞ ㎲
GATT
┘
ぞ
ス GATT
㎲
├
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ぞ
㎲ GATS
GATS
trade-related
TRIPS ぞ
Trade-related
TRIPS
♣ ㈻
Ⅵ
ス ┞
ぞ
よ
TRIPS
┘
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TRIPS
TRIPS ぞ ぞ
GATT み
み み
ぞ
Ⅵ
″ ├ふ
″
♣ ♣
♣
♣
GATT
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㎲
GATT
A B
ス
㊪ ㈻
ぞ
ぞ
㎲ GATT/WTO ぜ
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フ ┘ TBT ┘
GATS ぞ ㈻
ぞ GATS ぞ
モ
TRIPS ╉
┘ Ⅴ
㎲
ぞ っ
TRIPS
TRIPS Ⅴ
Ⅴ
GATT/WTO ぞ
ぞ ㎲
TRIPS
1883
1884 3 ┍ 11 2000
3 オ 2002
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159 ┍
┍
ぞ ┘
セ
TRIPS
㊪
㎲
┘ TRIPS ぜ
TRIPS
┍ 4
ぞ
ス
セ
ぞ
enforcement ぞ
Ⅴ
∞ ぞ TRIPS
4 TRIPS よ ┤ 1995 ┤
1996
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よ ぞ
TRIPS
よ
ぞ
TRIPS
ぞ ㎲ モ
WTO ぞ
Ⅴ
WTO ぞ よ
┘ ぜ さ
ぞ セ
さ TRIPS 2001
12 さ 24 ス 8
5
TRIPS
5 ┤ 2002 p. 369
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ス ㈻
TRIPS ㈻
II TRIPS
TRIPS
TRIPS ぞ ふⅤ
㎲
ぞ
さ
TRIPS
ぞ TRIPS
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ぞ
ぞ ぞ
ス よ
TRIPS
EU
MFN 6
TRIPS ぞ ─
a
b
1971 ぞ c
ぞ d
ル
┍ 7
6 ┤ 1996 523 7 TRIPS 4
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c d ㈻ さ
ぜ さ TRIPS ぞ
よ
TRIPS
TRIPS
8 ぞ
TRIPS GATT GATS
ぞ ┍
よ
WTO ┍ WTO よ ソ
WTO ぞ ぞ
8 TRIPS 3 3
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┍
┊ ㎲ TRIPS
TRIPS TRIPS Plus
TRIPS Plus ぞ TRIPS
ぞ TRIPS ┊ ㎲
み
ぞ
TRIPS
Plus ┊ ㎲ Lippoldt (2002, Table 3)
TRIPS 12 ┘
ぞ 12 ┘ i ii
iii iv v vi
セ vii viii ix
x xi xii
ぞ ス セ
┘ ┍
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TRIPS TRIPS
┊ ㎲
FTA ㎲
ぞ ス
FTA9 ┘
16
16.1 ぞ
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
ぞ
16.6
16.7 セ
16.8 ぞ
ぞ
16.9
9 United States – Singapore Free Trade Agreement (May, 2003).
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16.10 ぞ
ぞ
16.9
ぜ
TRIPS Plus ぜ
っ さ 10
─
ぜ TRIPS
TRIPS
ぞ
┊ ㎲ ㎲
ぞ み
III TRIPS
TRIPS ぞ
10 NGO Vivas-Eugui (2003) FTAA ┊
㎲ ぞ レ
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さ
さ
TRIPS
ぜ
11
TRIPS
12
├ 13
├
11 TRIPS セ
㍇
12 Maskus (1990) McCalman (2001) 13 Maskus and Penubarti (1995) Maskus (1998) Lesser (2001) Smarzynska (2002)
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TRIPS
TRIPS
さ
スゝ ㌹
さ ″ ふⅤ
さ ㈻
11
㈻ セ
⇅
TRIPS ぞ
TRIPS
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TRIPS Plus
TRIPS ッ
㎲
ぞ ぞ
み
さ
WTO TRIPS
ぞ ふⅤ Ⅴ
ぞ
├
よ
さ さ
Ⅴ
1995 WTO よ
ぞ
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┘
ぞ
さ
TRIPS ぞ
み WTO
S&D (special and differential treatment) さ
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┤ ┐ 1995 WTO ス
┤ 1996 よ WTO
2002 2∟ リ ♣
┤ 2002 2002 ∟ WTO ぜ
さ
Lesser, W. (2001) “The Effects of TRIPS-Mandated Intellectual Property Rights on
Economic Activities in Developing Countries.” WIPO HP (30 Aug, 2001).
Lippoldt, Douglas. (2002) “Intellectual Property Rights.” In Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Regional Trade Agreements
and the Multilateral Trading System, TD/TC(2002)8/FINAL, Paris: OECD.
Maskus, K. (1990) “Normative Concerns in the International Protection of
Intellectual Property Rights.” The World Economy (September): 387-409.
Maskus, K. (1998) “The International Regulation of Intellectual Property”
Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv (Review of World Economics), Band 134, Heft 2:
186-208.
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Maskus, K. and Penubarti, M. (1995) “How Trade-Related Are Intellectual Property
Rights?” Journal of International Economics 39: 227-248.
McCalman, P. (2001) “Reaping What You Sow: an Empirical Analysis of
International Patent Harmonization.” Journal of International Economics 55:
161-186.
Smarzynska, B. (2002) “The Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights.” The World Bank Development
Research Group Trade (2786, Feb 2002).
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WTO System.” In Peter Lloyd and Chris Milner, eds., The World Economy:
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