Volcanoes Vocabulary

1. Crater– bowl-shaped formation at the top of a volcano

2. Caldera – large crater formed by the collapse of a volcano during a violent eruption

3. Active Volcano – a volcano that has erupted in the past 10,000 years, may be currently erupting, and is expected to erupt again.

4. Dormant Volcano – a volcano that is not currently erupting, but is expected to erupt again.

Papa New Guinea Mount Fuji

5. Composite Volcano - also known as stratovolcano, formed by a combination of lava flows and pyroclastic explosions that form alternating layers. Composite volcanoes are steep and often very tall. Example is Mount Rainier in Washington.

Mount Rainier Mount Shasta

6. Cinder-Cone volcano – the most common and smallest type of volcano, usually not more than 300 m (1000 ft) tall, produced by pyroclastic flows. An example of a cinder cone volcano is Paricutin in Mexico.

7. Shield Volcano – volcanoes that form from fluid lava that builds up slowly over time, creating a wide, gently-sloping mountain shaped like a warrior's shield. Examples of shield volcanoes are Kilauea and Mauna Kea in Hawaii.

8. Extinct Volcano – a volcano that has not erupted in the past 10,000 years, and is not expected to erupt again.

9. Hot Spots – Mantle plumes are areas of hot, upwelling mantle. A hot spot develops above the plume.

10.Island Arc – a curved chain of volcanic islands located at a tectonic plate margin, typically with a deep ocean trench on the curved side.

11. Lahar– fast-moving volcanic mudflow composed of ash and water.

12. Pyroclastic Flow - a high-temperature mixture of hot ash and fragments of lava that erupts with great force and speed.

13. Magma Chamber - a reservoir of magma in the earth's crust where the magma may reside temporarily on its way from the upper mantle to the earth's surface.

14. Viscosity – resistance to flow in a liquid or semi-liquid

15. Vent – an opening at the top or side of a volcano where lava erupts.

16. Volcanic Ash - very small (less than 2 mm, or 0.08 in) fragments of material that are ejected in a pyroclastic explosion.

17. Tephra – rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption.

18. Volcanic Bomb - a mass of molten lava that is ejected during a pyroclastic explosion and hardens in the air. Volcanic bombs range in size from 2.5 in (64 mm) to several yards (meters) in diameter, and can weigh several tons.

19. Aa – basaltic lava that forms a thick, rough crust20. Lapilli - Pea- to walnut-size pyroclasts (2 to 64 mm).

Ash Lapilli

Volcanic Bombs

21. Pahoehoe - a type of lava that forms a thin, ropy crust when it hardens.

22. Pillow Lava - a smooth, rounded type of lava flow that erupts underwater.

Pahoehoe

Research a recent volcanic eruption• Research a volcanic eruption occurring within

the last 10 years• Paste a small picture on your vocab • Describe the volcanic eruption (what type of

volcano, location, damagehttp://www.volcanodiscovery.com/tungurahua.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_large_volcanic_eruptions_in_the_21st_century

http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm#vn_341090