16195254-Genetika-populasi2

8/7/2019 16195254-Genetika-populasi2

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DASAR GENETIKA

POPULASI


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Population

genetics genetic structure of a population


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genetic structure of a population

group of individuals

of the same speciesthat can interbreed

Population

genetics


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Population

genetics genetic structure of a population

group of individuals

of the same speciesthat can interbreed

alleles

genotypes

Patterns of genetic variation in populations

Changes in genetic structure through time


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Describing genetic

structure genotype frequencies (Frekuensi gen

allele frequencies (Frekuensi gen)

rr = white

Rr= pink

RR = red


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200 white

500 pink

300 red

genotype frequencies

allele frequencies

200/1000 = 0.2 rr

500/1000 = 0.5 Rr

300/1000 = 0.3 RR

total = 1000 flowers

genotypefrequencies:

Describing genetic

structure


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200 rr

500 Rr

300 RR

genotype frequencies

allele frequencies

900/2000 = 0.45 r

1100/2000 = 0.55 R

total = 2000 alleles

allele

frequencies:

= 400 r

= 500 r

= 500 R

= 600 R

Describing genetic

structure


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for a

population

withgenotypes:

100 GG

160 Gg

140 gg

Genotype frequencies

Phenotype frequencies

Allele frequencies

calculate:


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for a

population

withgenotypes:

100 GG

160 Gg

140 gg


Phenotype frequencies

Allele frequencies

100/400 = 0.25 GG

160/400 = 0.40 Gg

140/400 = 0.35 gg

260/400 = 0.65 green

140/400 = 0.35 brown

360/800 = 0.45 G

440/800 = 0.55 g

0.65260

calculate:


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another way to

calculateallele frequencies:

100 GG

160 Gg

140 gg


Allele frequencies

0.25 GG

0.40 Gg

0.35 gg

360/800 = 0.45 G

440/800 = 0.55 g

OR [0.25 + (0.40)/2] = 0.45

[0.35 + (0.40)/2] = 0.55

G

g

G

g

0.25

0.40/2 = 0.20

0.40/2 = 0.20

0.35


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Why is genetic variation

important?

variation

no variation

EXTINCTION!!

global

warming survival


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important?

variation

no variation


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important?

variation

no variation

divergence

NO DIVERGENCE!!


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How does genetic structure

ch

ange?


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changes in allele frequencies and/or

genotype frequencies through time


ch

ange?


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mutation

migration

natural selection

genetic drift

non-random mating


ch

ange?changes in allele frequencies and/orgenotype frequencies through time


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mutation

migration

natural selection

genetic drift

non-random mating

spontaneous change in DNA

creates new alleles

ultimate source of all

genetic variation


ch

ange?


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introduces new allelesindividuals move into populati


ch

ange? mutation

migration

natural selection

genetic drift

non-random mating

gene flow


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differences in survivalor reproduction

certain genotypes produce

more offspring

leads to adaptation

differences infitness


ch

ange? mutation

migration

natural selection

genetic drift

non-random mating


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Natural

selection Resistance to antibacterial soapGeneration 1: 1.00 not resista

0.00 resistant


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Natural

selectionGeneration 1: 1.00 not resista

0.00 resistant

Resistance to antibacterial soap


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Natural


0.00 resistant

Generation 2: 0.96 not resista

0.04 resistant


0.32 resistant


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Natural


0.00 resistant


0.04 resistant


0.32 resistant


0.88 resistant


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Natural selection can cause

populations to diverge

divergence


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sampling error

genetic change by chance alo

misrepresentation

small populations


ch

ange? mutation

migration

natural selection

genetic drift

non-random mating


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Genetic drift

8 RR

8 rr

Before:

After:

2 RR

6 rr

0.50 R

0.50 r

0.25 R

0.75 r


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mutation

migration

natural selection

genetic drift

non-random mating

cause changes inallele frequencies


ch

ange?


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mutation

migration

natural selection

genetic drift

non-random mating

non-random mating

non-random

allele combinations

mating combines alleles

into genotypes


ch

ange?


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Aa x Aa

1AA:2Aa:1aa

aa x aa

aa

AA0.8 x 0.8

Aa0.8 x 0.2

aA0.2 x 0.8

A0.8

A

0.8

a0.2

a

0.2

aa0.2 x 0.2

genotype frequencies:

AA = 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64Aa = 2(0.8 x0.2) = 0.32

aa = 0.2 x 0.2 = 0.04

allele frequencies:

A = 0.8

a = 0.2

A

A

A A

AA

AA

a

a


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MATERI PRAKTIKUM

GENETIKA POPULASI

Buka Buku petunjuk praktikum

Melaksanakan percobaan Persilangan Acak

sesuai dengan petunjuk di halaman 4

Mengisi Lampiran 1 percobaan 1 dan

percobaan 2 pada halaman 10


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TUGAS PRAKTIKUM DI RUMAH

Menjelaskan pelaksanaan percobaan hal 5-8

Tanpa seleksi, halaman 5

Seleksi lengkap halaman 6

Seleksi tidak lengkap halaman 7

Penghanyutan genetik (genetic drift),

halaman 8


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16195254-Genetika-populasi2

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