15 Lipatan
Transcript of 15 Lipatan
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LIPATAN
fold
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FOLDS
Foldsare undulations in rocks and are best
displayed in layered sequences
(Badgley, 1965)
Anticline is oppositeinclined
Syncline is togetherinclined (Greek)
(Billings, 1986)
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Perlipatan pada perlapisan batuan akibat
deformasi. Dalam gambaran 3 dimensi struktur lipatan
berupa kerutan berukuran kecil hingga bentuk
dome atau basin berukuran ratusan kilometer.
Lipatan akibat gaya kompresi
pada tepi lempeng, dari
kerak bumi akan me-
mendek dan menebal
(Hamilton, hal 179)
FOLDS (LIPATAN)
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ANTICLINE & SYNCLINE vs ANTIFORM & SYNFORM
An anticline is a fold that is convexin the direction
of the youngestbeds in the folded sequenceA special kind of anticline is a synformal anticline
A syncline is a fold that is convexin the direction
of the oldestbeds in the folded sequence
A special kind of syncline is an antiformal syncline
old
young
anticline syncline
antiformal
synclinesynformal
anticline
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anticline syncline
antiformalsyncline
synformal
anticline
ANTICLINE & SYNCLINE vs ANTIFORM & SYNFORM
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Membentuk lengkungan ke
atas pada lapisan batuan
dengan 2 sayap, dari
lengkung maksimum ke
arah bawah.
( Hamilton, WK., hal180 )
ANTICLINE
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Membentuk lengkungan ke bawah
pada lapisan batuan dengan 2
sayap, dari lengkung bawah ke arah
atas.
( Hamilton, WK., hal180 ).
SYNCLINE
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Topografi dome dan basin: bagian yang naik dan bagian
yang turun dari lapisan batuan, tererosi membentuk pola
melingkar atau elipsoid. (Hamilton, WK., hal 183)
DOME and BASIN
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Lipatan yang hanya mempunyai satusayap hampir datar
( Hamilton, WK., hal180 )
MONOCLINE
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HINGE POINT
HINGE POINT=
HINGE POINT
HINGE POINT CREST POINTCREST POINT=
TROUGH POINTTROUGH POINT
INFLECTION
POINTINFLECTION
POINT
Horizontal line
Horizontal line
HINGE, CREST, TROUGH, and INFLECTION POINTS
Hinge pointis a point of maximum curvature
Inflection pointis a point where the curve changes
from concave to convex
Crestpoint is the highestpoint of the curvature
Troughpoint is the lowestpoint of the curvature
SYMMETRY ASYMMETRY
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CULMINATION
H
C
C
C
C
I
H
H
H
H
H
H
II
I
SADDLE
C-C = Crest line
H-H = Hinge line
I-I = Inflection line
T-T = Trough line
T
CULMINATION and SADDLE
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FOLDS
BACK LIMB
BACK LIMB
HINGE/AXIAL
SURFACE
HINGE/AXIALSURFACE
CRESTSURFACE
TROUGH
SURFACE
FORE LIMB
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BACKLIMB and FORELIMB
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GEOMETRY OF FOLD
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PERHATIKAN ARAH PENUNJAMAN SUMBU LIPATANNYA!!
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PLUNGING ANTICLINE
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Syncline, Israel
Folds
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Folding of Shale-Sandstone
sequence, Kings Canyon,
California
Which deformationand stresses
cause theses structures
Folds
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A Symmetrical folds; B Asymmetrical folds; dan C Overturned foldsOver folds;(Tarbuck, EJ., hal 169)
SYMMETRY
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(Billings, MP. Hal 50)
Symmetrical folds Asymmetrical folds
Overturned folds Overfolds Recumbent folds
CLASSIFICATION
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CLASSIFICATION
C SS C O
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CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
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CLASSIFICATION
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Folds Classification
Folds
Fold classification based on interlimb angle
(Fleuty, 1964)Interlimb Angle Description of fold
180120 Gentle
12070 Open
7030 Tight
300 Isoclinal
Negative angle Mushroom
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FOLD CLASSIFICATION
DIAPIRIC (SALT) INTRUSION
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DIAPIRIC (SALT) INTRUSION
DIAPIRIC FOLDS
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DIAPIRIC FOLDS
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F ld
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Folded Appalachians, near Harrisburg, PA
Near Harrisburg, PA, Source: NASA
Folds
F ld
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Syncline-Anticline
Pairs
+ Domes at ZagrosMts, Iran
NASA Earth as Art web page
Folds
F ld
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Grenville Dome: Sinclair, WY
Folds
F ld d F lt
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Fold-thrust complex developed in Upper Jurassic limestones in the
Haut Giffre area of the Subalpine thrust belt (Morcles nappe in France)
R.W.H. Butler
Folds and thrust are both responsible forthe orogens
Folds and Faults
FOLD IN GEOLOGIC MAP
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Sebagai panduan dalam penyelidikan geologi kedalam peta geologi (Hamilton WK., hal 179)
FOLD IN GEOLOGIC MAP
EXAMPLES OF OIL TRAPS
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EXAMPLES OF OIL TRAPS
F ld
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Oil and Gas Concentrate in Domes
Chernicoff and Whitney
Folds
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Perangkap migas pd kubah garam
BASIC FOLD MECHANISM
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BUCKLING
BASIC FOLD MECHANISM
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Mekanisme pelipatanBUCKLING
BASIC FOLD MECHANISM
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BASIC FOLD MECHANISM
Flexural slip folding, involving layerparallel shearing
Shear folding, involving slip planes thattransect primary layering
Kink or chevron folding, involving ductileyielding in hinge areas and leyer-parallel
shearing along limbs.
FLEXURAL-SLIP
FOLD FRACTURES AND LITHOLOGY
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FOLD, FRACTURES AND LITHOLOGY
Distribution of cleavage and fracture attitude and
spacing may vary with lithology
FAULT RELATED FOLDING
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FAULT-RELATED FOLDING
FAULT RELATED FOLDS (lipatan krn Pensesaran)
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FAULT-RELATED FOLDS (lipatan krn. Pensesaran)
LESSONS LEARNED
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LESSONS LEARNED
Selama perlipatan lapisan2 yg terlipat tdk dpt mempertahankanketebalan aslinya.
Lapisan yg terlipat terdiri dari multilayers, lap yg berbedamemiliki sifat mekanik yg berbeda pula.
Terjadi layer-parallel shortening sebelum perlipatan danhomogeneous shortening selama perlipatan yg menyebabkanpenipisan di bag sayap dan penebalan di bag sumbu.
Degree of rock competency (high to low):
Sedimentary Rocks: dolomite, arkose, quartz sandstone, greywacke,limestone, siltstone, marl, shale, anhydrite, halite
Metamorphic Rocks: meta-basalts, granite, qtz-flpar-mica gneiss,quartzite, marble, mica shist