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Unit 3 Language in use

祈使句结构如下： (Please) + do sth.

(Please) + Don’t do sth.

肯定：否定：

DO ，可以放在动词前，为加强语气用。如： Do come in, please! Do listen to me, please! Do open the door, please!

一、我们已经学习的表推测的情态动词有：

must/can/could/may/might

二、表推测的三种句式：

1.

在肯定句中一般用 must ， can/could ， may/mig

ht ，程度逐渐减弱。

e.g. He must/may/might know the answer to this

question.

e.g. You have worked all this week. You must be

tired.

一、祈使句

祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。常见的句型如下：

1. 动词原形构成的祈使句 此类祈使句暗含的主语是 you ，但

通常省略。否定句往往由 do not（ don't ）或 never 开头。祈使句的句首或句末有时加 please ，还可以加上称呼语，用逗号与句子主体隔开。例如：

Have a nice day! 祝你度过美好的一天！Don't waste your time! 别浪费时间了！Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了！Come this way, please. 请走这边。

Please be quiet, boys! 

男孩们，请安静！Make sure he's warm. 

确保他不受凉。Don't use the lift. 

不要使用电梯。

2. let's 构成的祈使句 这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。例

如： Let's spend this weekend in the

countryside.  这周咱们到乡下度周末吧。 Let's take a taxi, shall we?  我们坐出租车好吗？

3. 无动词祈使句 在请求、命令和口号中，常用无动词

祈使句，它实际上是省略了动词，从而使语句更简洁有力。例如：

Just a minute, please!  请稍等！ This way, please!  请这边走！

二、情态动词 must/can/could  表示推测 我们学习过情态动词 can 和 could 表

示“能够，可以”等意义的用法。 can 和 could 还可以表示对现在或将来的推测，意为“会 , 可能”，但 can 表示推测时，往往用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时， can 比 could 表示的“可能性”要大；用于否定句时， cannot （ can't ）表示“不可能”。例如：

You can't be serious!  你不是认真的吧！

could 则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。在以下例句中， can 和 could 均表示可能：

He could be in pain.  他可能很疼。 That could be harmful!  那可能有害！ Can/Could this be true?  这有可能是真的吗 ?

情态动词 must 也可以表示猜测，意思为“一定，准是”，通常只用于肯定句。如课文中的例子：

Betty, you must know! 

贝蒂，你肯定知道！

请仔细对比下列一组句子： Who sent the present? Can it be your

brother?  是谁送来的礼物啊？会是你哥哥吗？

（询问可能性）

It must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now. 

肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在你的房间里。（语气强烈，表示非常肯定）

It can't be my brother. He is still in France. 

不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。（表示不可能）

2. 在否定句中用 can’t/couldn’t ( 不可能 ) ， may not/ might not( 可能不 ) 。

e.g. It can’t /couldn’t be the headmaster. He has

gone to America.

e.g. He may not/might not know the scientist.

3. 在疑问句中，一般只使用 can/could 。e.g. Could he have finished the task?

e.g. Can he be at home now?

Language practice

That could be harmful!Betty, you must know!Stay away from windows and heavy furniture.Do not stand near street lights or under power lines.

1. It is dangerous. You ________keep out!

2. These stairs are not safe. You _______use them.

3. The rocks are falling down. You ______get hit.

4. The river is too deep. You ________swim in it.

5. Betty _______know what to do , because she did some basic medical training.

1 Complete the sentences with could, must or mustn’t.

must

mustn't

could

mustn'tmust

2 Underline the correct words to complete the first aid instructions.

1 Get / Do not get medical help immediately.

2 Ask / Do not ask them where the pain is.

3 Lift / Do not lift them because you may drop

them.

4 Keep / Do not keep them warm.

3 Complete the poster about earthquake with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

do not use hide under keep leave stay away

1 ____________from the windows.2 ___________a table.3 ___________the lift.4 __________the building quickly when the ground stops shaking.5 _________calm.

When there is an earthquake…Stay awayHide underDo not useLeave

Keep

4 Complete the conversation with the words and expressions in the box.

Tony: Daming is training hard for the big match.Lingling: Yes, the team has a good (1) ________ this year.Tony: Oh no, Daming’s (2)___________. He’s down!Lingling: It looks like he’s (3) __________Tony: Daming, what happened?

chance Cover in pain in trouble medical

chance

in troublein pain

Daming: It’s my leg.

Lingling: (4) _________him with my coat.

Tony: But don’t move him. Let’s wait for

someone with (5)

____________training.

Lingling: Ok.

Cover

medical

5 Complete the news report with the correct

form of the words in the box.

clear inside power rock trouble warn

Information is coming in that there could be (1)__________because of heavy rain in the north. The government is (2)__________people about falling (3)_______. Some roads have a lot of rocks on them, but people are trying to (4) _______them quickly. In some places there is no(5)________.And people must stay (6)______to keep away from falling rocks.

troublewarning

rocks

clear power inside

Now read the report again and check (√) the true sentences.

1 There are problems everywhere because of rain.

2 The government is warning people about an

earthquake.

3 Some roads in the mountains have a lot of rocks

on them.

4 People are trying to clear the rocks off the roads.

5 There is no problem with power.

√√

6 Listen and complete the sentences.dinner1 We were having _________at home when

the earthquake happened.2 The room started to __________. 3 Father shouted to everyone to get under the _______________. 4 We could not get out of the room because the __________would not open.5 My father called for help on his _________. 6 People came to help us and we left our_____.

shake

kitchen table

doormobile phone

flat

7 Read the passage and choose the correct answer.

A ten-year-old girl saved about one hundred

other tourists in 2004 by warning them that a

tsunami, a huge ocean wave, was on its way

across the sea. She knew what was happening

because she learnt about underwater

earthquake at school only a few weeks earlier,

a newspaper reported.

“ I was on the beach and the water started to

go funny,” Tilly Smith told the reporter from

the newspaper. “There were bubbles and the

water went back suddenly. I knew there was

going to be a tsunami. I told Mum,” she said.

Tilly’s mother and the hotel workers acted

quickly. They cleared people from the beach

just minutes before a huge wave reached the

land. Luckily, no one died.

Tilly’s teacher was very proud of her.“ She’s a very clever girl…It is very lucky that our class were learning about this kind of tsunami just two weeks before Christmas,” he told the newspaper.

1 What is the best title for this passage?

a) 2004 Asian tsunami.

b) A girl saves tourists from tsunami.

c) Underwater earthquakes

2 What did Tilly notice?

a) Water coming to the beach.

b) People watching the water.

c) Bubbles in the water.

3 What does her teacher think of Tilly?

a) She is lucky.

b) She does not do silly things.

c) She is a clever student.

√

√

√

Special buildings in Japan

Earthquakes are very common in Japan.

Many can cause a lot of damage. But now

there are new ways of constructing buildings

to make them safer and stronger during

earthquakes. TheYokohama Landmark Tower

is one of the tallest buildings in Japan. It is

Around the w rld

heavy and strong. It sits

on rollers. This means

the earth can rise and fall

beneath the building

without shaking it.

Module task: Making a poster about preventing accidents at school

8 Make a list of accidents that can happen at school.

School accidents How where

Hurting hands/ knees/legs

Running fast/ playing football

Playground

Hitting your head Climbing a tree Garden

…

9 Work in groups. Choose an accident from t

he list in Activity 8 and give instructions abou

t what to do.

First…

Second…

Third…

When there is School accident…

10 Make a poster about preventing accidents at school using must / mustn’t. Then Present your poster to the class.

1.A ten-year-old girl saved about one hundred

other tourists in 2004 by warning them that a

tsunami, a huge ocean wave, was on its way

across the sea.

1) A ten-year-old girl “ 一个十岁的女孩” 基数词 + year ( 注意单数 ) + old 用作形容

词 表示 “多大年龄的……”

e.g. She has a eight- year- old brother.

Language points

2) warn sb. that… 意为“提醒 / 警告某人注意… 如： I was going for a swim in the sea.

The people in the hotel warned me that it may

rain

In a few minutes.

我要去海里游泳，宾馆里的人提醒我可能过会要下雨。3) on its way 在路上，在途中 She did a bit of shopping on the way home. 她在回家的路上买点东西。

2. Tilly’s teacher was very proud of her…

be proud of sb. 为某人感到自豪 e.g. I just want you to be proud of me, honey.

我只是想让你为我自豪 ,亲爱的。 If he becomes a doctor when he grows up,

his parents will be proud of him.

如果他长大后成了医生 , 他的父母会以他 为荣的。

Exercises

1. — Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are the One in Beijing.

— Really? Then perhaps he ____ host TV programs for some time. (2012连云港 )

A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t

2. The lady in this photo ____ be over fifty! She looks so young! (2012 无锡 )

A. mustn’t B. must C. can’t D. can3. — Look! A book is on the floor.

Whose is it? — It ______ be Rick's. It has his

name on it. (2012济南 ) A. mustn't B. can't C. must D. need

4. This toy Mickey Mouse _____ be Amy’s. she’s the only kid at the picnic. (2012济宁 )

A. must B. can C. need D. can’t 5. — Excuse me, whose Japanese book

is this? — It ___ be Tom’s. In our class, only

he is studying Japanese. (2012 成都 ) A. must B. can’t C. would

6. — Is that girl Susan? (2013福州 ) — It ____ be her. She left for Beijing

yesterday. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't7. — Someone is knocking at the door. Is

it Ann? (2013广东 ) — It _____ be her. She is giving a

performance at the theatre now. A. may B. must C. can’t D. mustn’t

1. --Is this Lan Qiang’s boxing glove?

--Yes, it _______ be his. This is his name on the back.

2. You’d better take an umbrella. It ____________________ rain this afternoon.

3. It’s the library! So you ____ know shouting is not allowed here.

4. --Have you decided where to spend your summer holiday?

--Not yet. We ____ go to Qingdao.

must

may/might/could

must

may

5. --Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?

--No, it ______ be her. She has been to Japan.

6. --What will the weather be like tomorrow?

--It _____ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?

7. You _____ be tired after playing sports for a long time without a rest.

8. --Can I tell Peter about the news?

--No, I don’t want anyone else to know it.

You _______ keep it to yourself.

might

must

must

must

1. –That man must be Sarah’s husband.

--No, he_____ be her husband. She is still

single.

A. can’t B. mustn’t

C. may not D. ought to

2. Peter _____come with us tonight, but he isn’t

very sure.

A. must B. may C. can D. will

选择题

A

B

4. –What____ it be?

--It______ be a mail box, for it is moving.

It______ be a car.

A. can; can’t; must B. can; can; must

C. can; mustn’t; must D. must; mustn’t; can

5. –Look, someone is coming. Guess______ .

--Jack. He’s always on time.

A. who can it be B. who he may

C. who he can be D. who it can be

A

D

6. –I saw Mary in the library yesterday.

--You_____ her. She is still abroad.

A. mustn’t see B. can’t have seen

C. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t see

7. David, you _____play with the valuable

bottle, you_______ break it.

A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may

C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t

D

B

Homework

Talk with your classmates about the knowledge

of how to survive or protect yourself in an

accident. Then try to make a role play.