12 13 Sogo an&Solidarios

7/31/2019 12 13 Sogo an&Solidarios

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Quality Standards for Health

Provider Organizations:

Safe Practice and

Environment

Presented to

Dr. Betty Polido in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirementsin the Course

N414 F

Karel S. Sogo-an

Anelen P. Solidarios

July 10, 2012


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SAFE

PRACTICE

AND

CONTROL


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OBJECTIVES

Discuss the safety measures in the healthcare

setting.

Enumerate the employers responsibilites with

health and safety.

Explain the importance of a safe environment.Describe the factors affecting the safety in

healthcare setting.

Enumerate the key components of standards

precautions.

Discuss the nursing code of ethics.


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INTRODUCTION

Maintaining a safe environment reflects a level of

compassion and vigilance for patient welfare that

is as important as any other aspect of competent

health care. The way to improve safety is to learn

about causes of error and use this knowledge todesign systems of care to make errors less

common and less harmful when they do

occur.Most important, improving the work

environment may also improve the quality andsafety of patient care.


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A. WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY

The focus is on the prevention ofinjuries and the fair and equitable

treatment of nurses who are injured at

work or develop a work- related

illness. Nurses have the right to work

in an environment that does not

threaten their health, safety or welfare.


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a. Safe Works EnvironmentMaintaining a healthy office environment

requires attention to chemical hazards,equipment and work station design, physical

environment (temperature, humidity, light, noise,

ventilation, and space), task design,

psychological factors (personal interactions,work pace, job control) and sometimes, chemical

or other environmental exposures.

As an employer, it is your responsibility to

provide a safe work environment for allemployees, free from any hazards and complying

with all state and federal laws.


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provide employees with the information,

instruction and training they need to do their

job safely and without damaging their health consult with employees about health and

safety in the workplace

monitor the work place regularly and keep a

record of what is found during the checks.

Policies should be developed in consultation with

all employees. In some instances it may be

necessary to organise support persons orinterpreters for employees with disability so that

all employees may participate in the consultation

process.


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HEALTHYWORKENVIRONMENTS

Safety measures are in place inrelation to blood borne and body fluid

pathogens to prevent contamination ofnurses and patients by adhering to the

standard precautions.


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STANDARDPRECAUTIONS Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk

of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens fromboth recognized and unrecognized sources. They are the

basic level of infection control precautions which are to

be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.

Hand hygiene is a major component of standard

precautions and one of the most effective methods to

prevent transmission of pathogens associated with health

care. In addition to hand hygiene, the use of personal

protective equipment should be guided by risk assess-

ment and the extent of contact anticipated with blood and

body fluids, or pathogens.


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In addition to practices carried out by

health workers when providing care, all

individuals (including patients and visitors)should comply with infection control

practices in health-care settings. The

control of spread of pathogens from the

source is key to avoid trans-mission.

Among source control measures,

respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette,

developed during the severe acuterespiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, is

now considered as part of standard

precautions.


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Worldwide escalation of the use of

standard precautions would reduce

unnecessary risks associated withhealthcare. Promotion of an institutional

safety climate helps to improve conformity

with recommended measures and thus

subsequent risk reduction. Provision of

adequate staff and supplies, together with

leadership and education of health

workers, patients, and visitors, is criticalfor an enhanced safety climate in health-

care settings.


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KEY COMPONENTS:

1. Hand hygiene

Before and after any direct patient contact andbetween patients, whether or not gloves are

worn.

Immediately after gloves are removed.

Before handling an invasive device.

After touching blood, body fluids, secretions,

excretions, non-intact skin, and

contaminated items, even if gloves are worn.During patient care, when moving from a

contaminated to a clean body site of the patient.


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2. Gloves

Wear when touching blood, body fluids,

secretions, excretions, mucousmembranes, nonintact skin.

Change between tasks and procedures

on the same patient after contact withpotentially infectious material.

Remove after use, before touching non-

contaminated items and surfaces, andbefore going to another patient. Perform

hand hygiene immediately after removal.


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3. Facial protection (eyes, nose, and mouth)

Wear a surgical or procedure mask and eye pro-

tection (eye visor, goggles) or (a face shield toprotect mucous membranes of the eyes, nose,

and mouth during activities that are likely to

generate splashes or sprays of blood, body

fluids, secretions, and excretions.4. Gown

Wear to protect skin and prevent soiling of

clothing during activities that are likely togenerate splashes or sprays of blood, body

fluids, secretions, or excretions.

Remove soiled gown as soon as possible, and

perform hand hygiene.


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5. Prevention of needle stick and injuries

from other sharp instrumentsUse care when:

Handling needles, scalpels, and other

sharp instruments or devices.Cleaning used instruments.

Disposing of used needles and other

sharp instruments.


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6. Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette

Persons with respiratory symptoms should apply sourcecontrol measures:

Cover their nose and mouth when coughing/sneezing with tissueor mask, dispose of used tissues and masks, and perform hand

hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions.

Health-care facilities should:

Place acute febrile respiratory symptomatic patients at least 1metre (3 feet) away from others in common waiting areas, if

possible.

Post visual alerts at the entrance to health-care facilities instructing

persons with respiratory symptoms to practise respiratory

hygiene/cough etiquette.

Consider making hand hygiene resources, tissues and masks

available in common areas and areas used for the evaluation of

patients with respiratory illnesses.


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7. Environmental cleaning

Use adequate procedures for the routine

cleaning and disinfection of environmental andother frequently touched surfaces.

8. Linens

Handle, transport, and process used linen ina manner which:

Prevents skin and mucous membrane

exposures and contamination of clothing.Avoids transfer of pathogens to other patients

and or the environment.


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9. Waste disposal

Ensure safe waste management.

Treat waste contaminated with blood, body

fluids, secretions and excretions as clinical

waste, in accordance with local

regulations.Human tissues and laboratory waste that

is directly associated with specimen

processing should also be treated asclinical waste.

Discard single use items properly.


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10. Patient care equipment

Handle equipment soiled with blood,

body fluids, secretions, and excretionsin a manner that prevents skin and

mucous membrane exposures,

contamination of clothing, and transferof pathogens to other patients or the

environment.

Clean, disinfect, and reprocess reusableequipment appropriately before use with

another patient.


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SAFE PATIENT CARE

Safe Administration of Medication The administration of medication is

often a chief responsibility of the nurse.

The practice of administering medicationinvolves providing the patient with a

substance prescribed and intended for the

diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a

medical illness or condition.


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The central action of medication administration

involves actual and complete conveyance of a

medication to the patient. However, there is awider set of practices required to achieve safe,

effective patient outcomes and to prepare for

and evaluate the outcome of medication

administration. Preparation for medication administration

begins with the order for medication, in most

circumstances written by the physician. Nurse

practitioners and physician assistants are also

often authorized to write prescriptions. State

laws vary regarding these privileges. A record

of orders


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for medication and other treatments is kept

in the medical chart. Universally accepted

safe clinical practice guidelines and statelaws govern the components of medication

orders in order to ensure consistency and

patient safety. All orders should contain the

patient's name, the date and time when the

order is written, and the signature of the

ordering clinician. Caregivers administering

medication are responsible for checking thatthese components are present and clear.

The


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name of the medication is accompanied by

the dosage, or how much of the drug

should be given; the route of administration,

or how the medication should be given (ie,

intramuscular injection); and frequency,or how often the drug is to be given.


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ADHERENCETOTHECODEOFETHICS

NURSES AND PEOPLE

The nurses primary professional

responsibility is to people requiring nursing

care. In providing care, the nurse promotes

an environment in which the human rights,values, customs and spiritual beliefs of the

individual, family and community are

respected. The nurse ensures that theindividual receives sufficient information on

which to base consent for care and related

treatment.


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NURSES AND PRACTICE

The nurse carries personal responsibility and

accountability for nursing practice, and for maintainingcompetence by continual learning.

The nurse maintains a standard of personal health such

that the

ability to provide care is not compromised. The nurseuses judgement regarding individual competence

whenaccepting and delegating responsibility.

The nurse at all times maintains standards of personal

conduct which reflect well on the profession andenhance public confidence. The nurse, in providing

care, ensures that use of technology and scientific

advances are compatible with the safety, dignity and

rights of people.


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NURSES AND THE PROFESSION

The nurse assumes the major role in

determining and implementingacceptable standards of clinical nursing

practice, management, research and

education. The nurse is active indeveloping a core of research-based

professional knowledge. The nurse, acting

through the professional organisation,participates in creating and maintaining

safe, equitable social and economic

working conditions in nursing.


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NURSES AND CO-WORKERS

The nurse sustains a co-operative

relationship with co-workers in nursing

and other fields. The nurse takes

appropriate action to safeguardindividuals, families and communities

when their health is endangered by a co-

worker or any other person.


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SAFE WORKPLACE DESIGN

Maintaining a safe workplace is

almost but not entirely totally unlike

following OSHA regulations.


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WORKPLACESAFETYTIPS

Maintain a clean work area. Not only will you removemany hazards from a work area by keeping it clean,

but you will also provide a more productive work

environment for your employees.

Use guards and engineering solutions wherever

possible instead of relying on PPE - personal

protective equipment. PPE is hard to police and

uncomfortable to wear. Find a way to prevent the

exposure in the first place. Your workers will be much

more productive if they are comfortable


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Assume your employees want to work safely

and give them that chance. Many safety

incentive programs seemed to be based on theidea that employees want to get hurt and you

have to bribe them not to stick their hand in the

machine.

Give clear work instructions. Make sure your

employees know the right way to do what you

expect of them. Don't just give them a list ofthings not to do. Include safety instructions in

every procedure you write.


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Maintain the machinery in good working order.

Many times employees get into dangerous

situations by having to compensate for a

machine defect or wear. In the case of wear,

it may have occurred so gradually that they think

it is normal. A strong preventive maintenance

program makes for a strong safety program.

Avoid unnecessary hazards. Look for new

materials or equipment that can eliminate the

hazards your workers are exposed to.


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Maintain a clean work area. See

workplace safety tip number one above.Potential exposures to hazardous material

and conditions can be dramatically

reduced simply by keeping the work areaclean. And the benefit in employee

productivity and morale is worth the effort

even without the safety incentive.


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FACTORS AFFECTING SAFETYHealthcare Setting

The healthcare environment contains manyopportunities for safety violations and hazards.

The American Nurses Associations (ANA,2004)

provided recommendations to transform the

nursing workplace environment to enhanceclients safety and quality of care.

Generally, problems with equipment, procedural

errors and impairement of clients cause falls,

fires, and adverse medication errors. Heavy use

or misuse of equipment can lead to flaws that

result in excessive leakage of electricity.


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Healthcare facilities have developed

procedures and policies for client care and

equipment operation to minimize hazards.Teams at the hospital analyze the

environment and the factors that contribute to

a sentinel event and develop solutions to

eliminate the possibility of that safety issueoccurring again.Nursing assessment of

factors that put clients at risk for injuries

should help identify safety concerns and the

precautions necessary to minimize risks.


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LESSONS LEARNED

Safety and security are basic human needs.

Safety is a paramount concern that underlies allnursing care, and it is the responsibility of

healthcare providers. The focus on safety

encompasses all healthcare facilities as well as

the time, workplace, and community. There areuniversal safety concerns common to all age

groups as wells as unique safety

considerations for each. Once a person

recognizes danger in the environment, he or

she takes measures to avoid or to prevent

those dangers and thus practices safety.


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Prevention is a keystone characteristic of safety.

Safety practices involve self-care but alsoshould provide safety for others. Safety not only

prevents harm and injury but also allows people

to feel secure in their actions. The sense of

safety reduce stress, which promotes generalhealth. Safety allows a person to meet other

basic human needs such as love, belonging,

and self-esteem and to accomplish personal

goals. A positive outlook in ife, in turn, results inbetter mental health and more effective

functioning.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Craven, R; Hirnle, C. (2007). Fundamentals of Nursing Human

health and Function. Factors AffectingSafety.Philadelphia: LippincottCo;p.678.

Electronic Resources

http://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparin

g_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspx

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/officeenvironment/

http://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration- medication

http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/

http://humanresources.about.com/od/safetyworkplacesafety/Safety_Workplace_Safety _and_Employee_Safety.htm
http://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/officeenvironment/http://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://humanresources.about.com/od/safetyworkplacesafety/Safety_Workplace_Safetyhttp://humanresources.about.com/od/safetyworkplacesafety/Safety_Workplace_Safetyhttp://humanresources.about.com/od/safetyworkplacesafety/Safety_Workplace_Safetyhttp://humanresources.about.com/od/safetyworkplacesafety/Safety_Workplace_Safetyhttp://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/http://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.enotes.com/administration-medication-reference/administration-medicationhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/officeenvironment/http://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspx

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