11111 K. Yamamoto A, A. Khalaidovski A, T. Miyamoto A, Y. Sakakibara A, H. Tanaka A, T. Uchiyama A,...

11111

K. YamamotoA, A. KhalaidovskiA, T. MiyamotoA, Y. SakakibaraA, H. TanakaA,

T. UchiyamaA, T. AkutsuB, A. HagiwaraC, N. KimuraC, R. KumarC, T. KumeC, S. KoikeC, I. MurakamiC, T. SuzukiC, S. TerashimaC, T. TomaruC, K. ToyodaC, D. ChenD, R. DeSalvoE, E. MajoranaF, L. NaticchioniF, W.

JohnsonG, K. CraigH, A. CummingH, R. DouglasH, G. HammondH , K. HaughianH,

I. MartinH, P. MurrayH, S. RowanH , D. HeinertI, G. HofmannI, J. KommaI, S. KrokerI, R. NawrodtI, C. SchwarzI, KAGRA collaboration

ICRR.UTA, NAOJB, KEKC, Astro.S.UTD, Sannio Univ.E, INFNF, Louisiana State Univ.G , University of GlasgowH,

Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet JenaI

Development of cryogenic payload

for KAGRA VI

2015 March 22The meeting of Physical Society of Japan

@Waseda campus, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo

3

0. Abstract

Although there are many topics, here,I will explain

(1)Activity of cryogenic group at KAGRA site(2)Recent progress of cryogenic payload

4

Contents

1.Introduction2.Activities at KAGRA site3.Prototype of cryo payload 4.Sapphire suspension5.Summary

55

1. Introduction

555

3km3km

MozumiY-end Sakonishi

X-end

AtotsuCenter

Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat, Cryogenic payload

Schematic view of KAGRA interferometerFour mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled in order to reduce thermal noise.

Kamioka mine (Underground site)

6666

Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat

14 m

Vacuum ducts

along laser beam

Cryostat(Here is a mirror)

Vibration isolation system(room

temperature)

Clean booth

Design drawing without tunnel and cross section

A. Hagiwara

1. Introduction

7777

14 m

Vacuum ducts

along laser beam

Vibration isolation system

Clean booth

Design drawing with tunnel and cross section

Cryostat(Here is a mirror)

2nd floor

Shaft

A. Hagiwara

Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat

1. Introduction

8

to Vibration isolationsystem View

ports

Main LASER beam

Cryostat Stainless steel t20mm Diameter 2.6m Height ~3.6m M ~ 10 ton

Cryo- payload

Mirror

Outline of cryostat

Double radiation shield

A. Hagiwara

1. Introduction

9

Pulse tube cryocoolers

Pulse tube cryocoolers

Sapphire suspension

Sapphire mirror (About 20K)

Sapphire fiber

Schematic view of cryo-payload

Cryo-payload

1. Introduction

1010

KAGRA tunnel excavation was finished one year ago.

2. Activities at KAGRA site

What did cryogenic group at KAGRA site in the last half year ? (N. Kimura(leader), T. Suzuki, T. Tomaru, T. Kume, D. Chen, Y. Sakakibara, H.Tanaka. T. Miyamoto)

1111

(1)All four cryostats were carried in the site (18 Nov. 2014). All of them were fixed on the ground (26 Feb. 2015).


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(2) No leaks were found (both end cryostats).

< Leak test >KAGRA requirement < 1x10-10 Pa*m3/sec Detector background 1x10-12 Pa*m3/sec


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(3) Cryocoolers and cryo duct are connected to cryostat (center room, by the beginning of April).


Y front cryostat

Cryostat

Cryocooler(In total, four cryocoolers)

Cryo duct

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(4) Seismic motion measurement

Seismic motion is as small as we expected !We have plan for long observation (K. Hayama talk). T. Tomaru, 3rd ELiTES meeting,https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/getFile.py/access?contribId=11&sessionId=3&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=16


1515

Two kinds of full size prototypes for development

3. Prototype of cryo payload

Those are our important next step !

(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension This is almost same as the actual cryo-payload. Parts of “sapphire” suspension is a dummy (made from metal).(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension A part of cryo-payload Main sapphire mirrors are included. All parts are made from sapphire.

Current status : Procurement is in progress. Some parts were delivered !

1616

Latest (not final) CAD designdrawings by A. Hagiwara

16A. Hagiwara

Mirror

Platform

(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension

Still many items have no CAD design drawings ….


Intermediate masses

Recoil mass

Local sensor and actuator to adjust angle of sapphire mirror

Cryogenic test is necessary(T. Miyamoto talk).

171717A. Hagiwara



181818181818

Intermediate masses We ordered VIC (http://www.vic-int.co.jp/) and the parts were delivered.

Dummy mirror and Recoil mass Processing in Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK delivered.



http://www.vic-int.co.jp/

191919191919

Dummy mirror and ears (stainless)

220 mm

150 mm



Recoil mass

Ears (stainless)

Size is the same as KAGRA mirror.23 kg

202020202020



Intermediate masses

Upper Lower

Dummy blade spring

212121212121



Assembly

T. Miyamoto

2222222222



Assembly

T. Miyamoto

23

“Sapphire monolithic lop-eared suspension”

One of the most importantparts of KAGRA : Main sapphire mirrorsare included.

All parts are made from sapphire.

3. Prototype of cryo payload (2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension

24A. Hagiwara

EarNail head of fiber

Fiber with nail head on both ends

Blade spring(compensation of fiber length difference)

Mirror

Flat cut

(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension


25

Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding

3. Prototype of cryo payload (2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension

When fibers are broken, they can be removed !

26262626262626

Processing of two flat cut on barrel surface IMPEX (Germany), ARD-OPTICS Ltd (Armenia)



It was delivered !

Sapphire cylinder (Shinkosha) as dummy mirror

Size is similar to that KAGRA mirror.

27272727272727


27

Ears (IMPEX, ARD-OPTICS) were delivered !

Blade spring (Shikosha)We have 3 pieces. 2 pieces are coming soon.


282828282828

Four sapphire fibers with nail heads : IMPEX

They will be delivered soon !Q-values should be measured. Development of measurement system:H. Tanaka talkJulius Komma joined measurement (supported by ELiTES).



2929

R&D for fundamental items Large strength (to suspend sapphire mirror) Small thermal resistance (to extract heat absorbed in mirror) Small mechanical loss (smaller thermal noise)

Almost all items have already been checked ! Mainly by Dan Chen (and ELiTES guests)

Here highlights and open issues are introduced.

4.Sapphire suspension

(1)Current status

R&D for components

30

Calculation (D. Chen) based on measurement by himself

4.Sapphire suspension(2)Thermal noise

Thermal noise is smaller than KAGRA sensitivity !

31

Calculation (D. Chen) based on measurement by himself

4.Sapphire suspension(2)Thermal noise

Rahul Kumar considered the loss around blade spring clamp carefully (his talk).

32

Compensation of differences between sapphire fiber lengthR. Kumar, GWADW2014 (http://www.gravity.ircs.titech.ac.jp/GWADW2014/slide/Rahul_Kumar.pdf)

4.Sapphire suspension(3)Blade spring

Shinkosha

33

Sapphire blade spring6kg mass(1/4 of KAGRA mirror)

Four blade springs can support one KAGRA mirror !Resonant frequency of vertical mode Measurement : 14.3 Hz, Calculation : 14.4 Hz


Nail head of sapphire fiber

D. Chen, J. Komma, H. Tanaka, Y. Liu


34

Drift with load D. Chen, H. Tanaka


35

D. Chen, H. Tanaka

36

Indium on both ends of sapphire fiberWhen fibers are broken, they can be removed.Melting point of indium : 157 degree Celsius

4.Sapphire suspension(4)Indium bonding

How is indium between sapphire parts melted?D. Chen, H. TanakaELiTES guests (J. Komma, D. Vine, M M. Herrera, K. Haughian, P. Murray, R. Nawrodt)

Dan confirmed that indium has enough small thermal resistance and mechanical loss.

37


How is indium between sapphire parts melted?

Halogen lamp looks promising. We need not to attach anything on sapphire parts. This lamp emits near infrared light transmitted by sapphire.

38

Sapphire block

Indium


Halogen lamp works !(simple blocks)

David Vine, Mariela Masso Herrera, Karen Haughian, Peter Murray, Ronny Nawrodt (supported by ELiTES)

We must consider the case with real suspension.

39

Ph.D. theses

39

Dr. Yusuke SakakibaraA Study of Cryogenic Techniques for Gravitational Wave DetectionCooling time of payload and cyro duct to reduce 300K radiation propagation

Dr. Dan ChenStudy of a cryogenic suspension system for the gravitational wave telescope KAGRASapphire suspension and vibration from cooling system

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Acknowledgement

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ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope Exchange of Scientists Grant for collaboration about cryogenic between KAGRA and ET European 7th Framework Programme Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016)

European people can visit Japan for KAGRA.

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5. SummaryActivities at KAGRA site All four cryostats were fixed at KAGRA site. Cryocoolers and cryo ducts are being connected to cryostats.

Prototype of cryo payload Procurement is in progress. Some parts were delivered !

Sapphire suspension Sapphire blade spring can support KAGRA mirror. For indium bonding, halgen lamp can be useful.

42

5. SummaryPresentaions after this summary talk

Rahul Kumar : design and thermal noise estimation of sapphire suspension

Takahiro Miyamoto : Development of tilt adjustment system

Hiroki Tanaka : Measurement of Q-values of sapphire fibers

43

Thank you for your attention !

44

Sapphire fibers with nail heads

Quality check under collaboration with ET (ELiTES) Q-value Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo Thermal conductivity Measurement in Jena, Rome and Tokyo Strength Measurement in Glasgow

3. Sapphire suspension

45

Latest summary of Q and thermal conductivity

Moltech IMPEX KAGRA requirement

Q-value 107 1*106 5*106

at 20K -6*106

Thermal Conductivity 3000 5000 5000at 20K [W/m/K] -6000

Sapphire fibers with nail heads

IMPEX fibers satisfy the KAGRA requirement.


4646

Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirrorDiffusion bonding Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding (AdLIGO and Virgo)If fibers are broken, bonding parts must be taken apart …Candidates : Indium, Optical contact, Screws

Test (in progress or near future plan) Strength test (tensile and shear) : KEK Thermal resistance : ICRR Mechanical dissipation : Jena and Glasgow (ELiTES)


4747

Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirrorHydroxide Catalysis Bonding


Si

Si Si Si O

O O O

OH OH OH OH

Bulk Silica

Bonding solution with lots of free OH - ions

OH - ions from the bonding s olution fill any open bonds on the surface

OH - ions form weak bonds with surface Si atoms

Bonds be tween the Si atoms and the bulk weaken due to the extra OH - ions bonding to the Si atom

Si

Si Si O

O O O

OH

Bulk Silica

Bonding solution with lots of free OH - ions

OH OH

OH

Si(OH) 5 -

Silicate molecule breaking away from the bulk and into the bonding solution

SiO2 SiO2

Bond

OH

H

Si

i

OH

H

OH

H

H2O

OH H O Si

OH

OH

H

Si

OH

OH

H2O

OH H O Si

OH

OH

H2O

OH H O

https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7

Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).


4848

Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirror Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding (Rebecca Douglas[Glasgow], GWADW2013). Strength (about 60 MPa) measured by her is 10 times larger than those of previous papers. T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309. A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010.

Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian stayed in Japan in the last autumn. Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013). https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7



4949

Some items for future research (not perfect list)

(a)Investigation material properties (Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.) of coating, fiber and so on.(b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp(c)Control and damping scheme Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature(d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload(e) Vertical spring in cryostat(f) Reduction of initial cooling time Thermal resistance of clamp .... (g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield(h) Assembly procedure

7. For future

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8. SummaryCryostat : Assembly is in progress. Cooling test is coming soon.Cryogenic duct : Optimum position of 5 buffles Future work : scattered lightCryocooler unit : Cooling test and vibration measurement : OKCryogenic payload Preparation for 1/4 cryostat to check payload performance is in progress. Current main R&D topics Inital cooling time, Sapphire fiber with nail head, Coating mechanical loss, Vibration of shield

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2. Issues

(1)How to assemble Details of construction, clean room ….

(2)Strength Tensile strength, development of clamp, sapphire bonding …

(3)Control and damping system to reduce fluctuation and instability Actuators (what and where), resonant mode (frequency and Q) and so on

52

2. Issues

(4)Cooling

Temperature of mirror (below 20 K), initial cooling time, heat resistance of clamp …

(5)Noise

Thermal noise, vibration via vibration isolation system and heat links …

53535353535353

Metal blade spring for vertical vibration isolation Cryogenic test is in progress in Kashiwa.

Q measurement of wires to suspend masses (except for mirror) is in progress (tungsten, CuBe, …)

Measurement of magnetism of mass and black coatingControl system Cryogenic tests are in progress. Stepping motor to adjust angle of masses : KEK Optical sensor (a candidate to monitor mass motion) : ICRR

5. Other topics

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After Yusuke left …. Clamp for IMPEX fibers in Jena

4. Sapphire fibers

55

Profile measurement in Glasgow

4. Sapphire fibers

56

Q measurement in Jena

5. Sapphire suspensionSapphire fibers with nail heads

11111 K. Yamamoto A, A. Khalaidovski A, T. Miyamoto A, Y. Sakakibara A, H. Tanaka A, T. Uchiyama A,...

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