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The BUILDING and CONSTRUCTION metaphors

1. The European Union needs to do

more to _____________ its

relationship with the old Eastern Bloc

countries.

2. He said the European Union had toclean up its _____________.

3. The country now ___________over

its neighbours both in terms of

population and wealth.4. There is no painless way to get

inflation down. We now have an

excellent _____________on which to

build.

cement

backyard

towers

foundation

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5. The prestigious title offered a _____________tosuccess in the highly competitive world of

modelling.

6. Planning and prioritising are the_____________to service improvement.

7. This event offers a _____________on the latest

green technology.

gateway

keys

window

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a) against a brick wall

b) on your doorstep

c) on the tilesd) laid the foundations

e) a foot in the door

f) hit the roof

g) through the back doorh) like a ton of bricks

1. Why are you taking such alow-paid job? Im sure youcould find something better.

> I know, but its a goodcompany. I just want to get_____________ and withany luck I can work my wayup.

2. I think the business is readyto expand now.

> I agree, weve_____________ and its timeto build on them.

3. Mary looks cross aboutsomething. Whatshappened?

> I just asked if I could leave

early tonight and she camedown on me ___________

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a) against a brick wall

b) on your doorstepc) on the tiles

d) laid the foundations

e) a foot in the door

f) hit the roof

g) through the backdoor

h) like a ton of bricks

4. Ive just told my dadabout my exam results.He wasnt very pleased.

> Neither was mine. He_____________when Itold him Id failedstatistics.

5. I dont know how you canlive in the middle of town.It must be awful.

> Its all right once youreused to it. Youve goteverything right_____________

6. How did you manage toget a job with the bank?

> Well, I got in_____________ really.My uncle plays tennis

with one of the directors.

hit the roof

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a) against a brick wall

b) on your doorstepc) on the tiles

d) laid the foundations

e) a foot in the door

f) hit the roof

g) through the back door

h) like a ton of bricks

7. You still havent got ajob, then?

> No, Im afraid not. Iveapplied for maybethirty and I haventhad one interview. Ifeel as if Im banging

my head_____________

8. You look as if youhad a late night lastnight.

> Yes. It was mybrothers birthday sowe went out for anight _____________

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Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) (BE)_____________ an international organization that(ESTABLISH) _____________ rules forinternational trade through consensus among itsmember states. It also (RESOLVE) __________disputes between the members, which (BE)_____________ all signatories to its set of tradeagreements.

The organization's headquarters (LOCATE)_____________ in Geneva, Switzerland. There(BE) _____________ 153 member states in theorganization, the latest to join (BE) _____________Cape Verde on July 23, 2008.

is

establishes

resolves

are

are located

are

being

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The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 (PROPOSE)

_____________ the creation of an International TradeOrganisation (ITO) to establish rules and regulations

for trade between countries. Members of the UN

Conference on Trade and Employment in Havana

(AGREE) _____________ to the ITO charter inMarch 1948, but ratification (BLOCK)

_____________ by the U.S. Senate. Some historians

(ARGUE) _____________ that the failure

(MAY/RESULT) _____________ from fears within theAmerican business community that the International

Trade Organization (CAN/USE) _____________ to

regulate big business.

proposed

agreed

was blocked

have argued

may have resulted

could be used

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Only one element of the ITO (SURVIVE)

_____________: the General Agreement on Tariffs

and Trade (GATT). Seven rounds of negotiations(OCCUR) _____________ under the GATT before

the eighth round - known as the Uruguay Round

which (BEGIN) _____________ in 1986 and

(CONCLUDE) _____________ in 1995 with theestablishment of the WTO. The GATT principles

and agreements (ADOPT) _____________ by the

WTO, which (CHARGE) ____________ with

administering and extending them and

approximately 30 other agreements and resolving

trade disputes between member countries.

survived

occurred

began

were adopted

was charged

concluded

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The WTO (STATE) _____________ that its

aims (BE) _____________ to increase

international trade by (PROMOTE)

_____________ lower trade barriers and

(PROVIDE) _____________ a platform for the

negotiation of trade and to their business.

states

are

promoting

providing

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Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition

The General Agreement __________ Trade__________ Services (GATS) is the first andonly set __________ multilateral rules governing

international trade __________ services.Negotiated __________ the Uruguay Round, itwas developed __________ response__________ the huge growth __________ theservices economy __________ the past 30years and the greater potential __________trading services brought ____________________ the communications revolution.

ON

IN IN

OF

IN

TO

IN

OVER

OF

BY

ABOUT

FOR

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Services represent the fastest growing sector __________

the global economy and account __________ two thirds

__________ global output, one third __________global employment and nearly 20% __________ global

trade.

When the idea __________ bringing rules __________

services __________ the multilateral trading system was

floated __________ the early __________ mid 1980s, anumber __________ countries were sceptical and even

opposed. They believed such an agreement could

undermine governments ability to pursue national policy

objectives and constrain their regulatory powers. The

agreement that was developed, however, allows a high

degree __________ flexibility, both __________ the

framework __________ rules and also __________ terms

__________ the market access commitments.

OF

OF

OF

FOR

WITHINOF

OF IN

OF

OF

OF ON

INTO

IN TOOF

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1. Any state or customs territory has full autonomy in the

conduct of its ______________

2. trade policies may join the WTO, but WTO members

must agreed ________________

3. on the terms. The application go through four stages:

First, the government _________

4. apply for membership has to describe all aspects of itstrade and __________________

5. economic politics that have a bearing on WTO

agreements. This is ________________

6. submit to the WTO in a memorandum which is examined

by the __________________7. working party dealt with the countrys application.

Second, when the ______________

HAVING

AGREE

GOES

APPLYING

POLICIES

SUBMITTED

DEALING

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8. working party have made sufficient progress on principles

and policies, ____________

9. parallel bilateral talks beginning between the prospective

new member and _________

10. individual countries. Third, once the working party had

completed its _____________

11. examination of the applicants trade regime, the working

party finalise ____________12. the terms of accession. Finally, the package, consists of

the report, _______________

13. protocol and lists of commitments, are presented to the

WTO General ____________

14. Council or the Ministerial Conference. If a two-thirdmajority of WTO ___________

15. members vote for favour, the applicant is free to sign the

protocol and ____________to accede to the organisation. In many cases, the countrys own parliament or

legislature has to ratify the agreement before membership is complete.

HAS

HAS

FINALISES

CONSISTING

BEGIN

IS

THIRDS

IN