10 Computer Application in Industry Ahmedawad

CNC Programming

Submitted by: Mahmoud Salah Eldine Mohamed Hashem

Hussein Khaled ZahranAhmed Hassan Ibrahim

Submitted to:Dr.Tamer Hassan

CNC MachineThe Important Mechanical Parts of CNC Machine

• 1‐Machine structure

• 2‐Guide ways

• 3‐Linear motion transmission elements

• 4‐Torque transmission units

• 5‐Spindle and Spindle bearings

• 6‐Tool mechanisms

• 7‐Chip removal mechanisms

• 8‐Guards

1‐Machine structure

2‐Guide ways

3‐Linear motion transmission elements

4‐Torque transmission units

5‐Spindle and Spindle bearings

6‐Tool mechanisms

7‐Chip removal mechanisms

8‐Guards

CNC Programming Basics

• Each letter address relates to a specific machine function. “G” and “M” letter addresses are two of the most common. A “G” letter specifies certain machine preparations such as inch or metric modes, or absolutes versus incremental modes.

• A “M” letter specifies miscellaneous machine functions and work like on/off switches for coolant flow, tool changing, or spindle rotation. Other letter addresses are used to direct a wide variety of other machine commands.

CNC SystemAn operational numerical control system consists of the

following three basic components:

1. Program

2. Controller unit

3. Machine tool or other controlled process.

Controller unit

• It consists of the electronically elements which are

required to read and interpret the program of

instructions and converted it to the required

actions.

How Numerical Control Operates Machine Tools?The following steps summarize how NC works:

• Numerical data feed into the system.

• A translating unit reads the data and changes it

into an electrical form that the machine tool can

understand

• A memory system stores the data until it is needed

• Servo units (transducers) on the machine tool

convert the data into actual machine movements

• A gauging device measures the machine

movements.

• A feedback unit feeds information back from the

gage device.

Turning

Number of axes • Horizontal and vertical Turning CNC machines has 2

axes: X and Z axis

• X-axis: diameter controlling axis

• Z-axis: length (Depth) controlling axis

Types of Turning machines

• Universal slant bed

• Chucker slant bed

• Twin spindle horizontal

• Sub spindle

• Single spindle vertical

• Twin spindle vertical

• Gang type

• Sliding headstock

Universal slant bed

Chucker slant bed

Twin spindle horizontal

Sub spindle vertical

Single spindle vertical

Twin spindle vertical

Gang type

Sliding headstock

Turning Cycles

Turning Program

50311

1

T Tool Name

2 Longitudinal Turning

9 Parting Off

12 Facing

N10 G90 G71 $

N20 S600 M03 $

N30 G00 X50 Z150 $

N40 T12 M06 $

N50 G00 X46 Z149 $

N60 G01 X0 F5 M08 $

N70 G54 X0 Z0 $

N80 G00 X50 Z6 $

N90 T02 M06 $

T Tool Name


9 Parting Off

12 Facing

N100 G00 X35 Z1 $

N110 G01 Z-75 F15 $

N120 G00 X36 Z1 $

N130 X25$

N140 G01 Z-75$

N150 G02 X45 Z-85 R10 $

N160 G00 X50 Z6 $

N170 T09 M06 $

N180 G00 X46 Z-135 $

T Tool Name


9 Parting Off

12 Facing

N190 G01 X0 F5 M09 $

N200 G00 X50 Z6 $

N210 M30 $

T Tool Name


9 Parting Off

12 Facing

Milling

a milling machine can be defined:

Milling machine is a machine capable of a

simultaneous cutting motion, using an end mill as the

primary cutting tool, along at least two axes at the

same time

Types of Milling Machines

Milling machines can divided into three categories:

• By the number of axes - two, three or more

• By the orientation of axes - vertical or horizontal

• By the presence or absence of a tool changer

World Axis Standards• There are several auxiliary rotary and linear axes

standard axes defined by the Electronics Industries

Association (EIA) used for motion and position.

3 Primary Linear Axes X, Y and Z

3 Primary Rotary Axes A, B and C

3 Secondary Linear Axes U,V and W

Machine Axes• Standard number of axes on a milling machine is

three -the X, Y and Z axes.

• The machines become more flexible if they have

the fourth axis. Even higher level of flexibility can be

found on machines with five or more axes.

5-Axis CNC Milling

Tool Offset

G41 Offset (compensation) of the cutter radius to the LEFT of the contouring direction

G42 Offset (compensation) of the cutter radius to the RIGHT of the contouring direction

G40 Cutter radius offset mode CANCEL

• N10 G90 $

• N20 T6 M6 $

• N30 S600 M3 $

• N40 G54 $

• N50 G00 Z-5 $

• N60 G41 X1 Y-5 $

• N70 G01 Z-14 F25 $

Tool no. Tool

6 ∅ 6 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙

• N80 Y11 $

• N90 X5 Y15 $

• N100 X22 $

• N110 G02 X26 Y10 R4 $

• N120 G01 Y1 $

• N130 X0 $

• N140 M30 $

Tool no. Tool

6 ∅ 6 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙

Drilling

Drilling definition• Drilling involves the creation of holes that are right

circular cylinders. This is accomplished most typically

by using a twist drill.

Drilling machine

Types of drilling machines

• Upright drill press:


• Radial arm drill Press:


• Gang drilling machines:


• Multiple spindle drilling machine:


• Microdrill press:


• Turret type drilling machine:

Axes in drilling machine

Drilling cycles

Part Program(XYZ 69)

%

• N10 G90 G71$

• N20 T100 M6$

• N30 S500 M3$

• N40 G00 X100 Y100$

• N50 G00 Z-198$

• N60 G01 Z-335 F5 M8$

• N70 G00 Z0$

• N80 G00 X0 Y0$

• N90 M30$

Part program

Thank you

10 Computer Application in Industry Ahmedawad

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