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y(m)x(n)

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-<q�q B4m s n C<s @ C n:m./ o k (Wl -<, 3./ , @ C m , m6/9r , v}3.B=rÏn q /�n:3 C<- / 3 ,E- r|@ C n:m - B q�-<q�Õ l -Ks l Rëê Õ n , v}B=@ q oOm.B � /q / �=C<-K�=-<�0C / � m6lA@ , m6l'/%r!Bpo0/ CçÕ n ,�,.- r51 CK-Kì /9o �MF / CK- r -<q n:m -<q0� Rëê k�J3.B=rÞ(n �0C / 2 kÛ" �M- m -K,�s C /�n43�m.lJn:mHv}B=3�m6l'/�m Õ B -<q0- m - n Cy� @'/ ,., / , v}B=3�/�n s l x Y �MÕ / s n q B � m6n -<q~, B C @'m - B q0,m6l0n:m�l'B C o , B=r!/ ,E- r -<C n43 - m - / ,I� @ym|o -�� /93/ C<, / Õ l0/ 3E/ kOÝ m -K, /�ß - o0/ q mm6lJn:mm6l0/5o0/ 1u/ q o0/ q0s9- / , @01uB qs ^b_ ` n43E/�ß4/ 3 F~, m63EB q0� n q o~m6l0/93./�v}B=3./�m6l0/ F o0B q B4mHß:n43 F r�@ s l k �JB=3�/¢ß'n4r!1 C / �A- v Õ / , m.@0o F m.l0/Wm6/ 3Er �UWV ] ô + ê ] Õ ê x ^+_ ` ] � ê x ^b_ ` â 2 k 2 ã

n q o Õ / s B=r!1Jn43E/|m6l0/|ß:n C @0/ ,�-Kq (n �'C / 2 kÛ" - m -K,�s C /�n43�m.lJn:m�m.l0/ , /51Jn:36n4r!/9m./ 3 , 3E/ r5n -<q 3./ C n:m - ß=/ CKFs B q0, m6n q m k (Wl -<, m./ 3.r -<,2C n43 � / CKF 3./ , 1uB q0,.-K�0C /�v}B432m6l0/#3./ Ö @ - 3E/ r!/ q m , m6B~r5n:m s l�m.l0/ , m�ntm -<sIs n , / k ;2mC B Õ n q0�=C / , B4v�n:m.m6n s�xDÕ�- m6l q B , /91Jn43.n:m - B q�� m6l0/ ,.C B41Q/�B4v�� -K� k 2 k¦á â � ã -<,>s lJn43.n s m./ 3 -K½ /9o �MF m.l0/�m./ 3.r+ ê n q o à�Ö k 2 k 2 3./ o'@ s / , m6BDm.l0/ , m�n �0-<CK- m F o0/ 3 - ß:n:m - ß=/�v}B=3Er�B4v UWV ] ô " � � á=á � k; q B4m6l0/93 - r51uB=3£m�n q m�1 - / s /B4v -Kq v}B=3Er�n:m - B q 3E/9ß4/�n C / o �MF (�n �0C / 2 kÛ" 3E/ C ntm6/ , m.B5m6l'/ C B s n:m - B q B4v�m6l'/n q0�4C /�B4v�n:m.m6n s�x k ¹�/ r!/ r � / 3!n , n q /¢ß'n4r!1 C / �7s B C @0r q0,§� n q o � lJn�ß=/Oo -� / 3E/ q m C B s n:m - B q', B4vx Y � n q oNv}B435/ n s l , /�m�B4v -Kq0- m - n C>� @0/ ,., / , � m6l0/O1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/935@ q o0/ 3 � B -<q'� m6l'/Or!B , m s lJn q'� / -<, m6l'/1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93|n ,E, B s - n:m6/9o Õ�- m6l´m.l0/�r!B=r!/ q mDn43Er � x j k (Wl -<, 3E/ , @ C m , / /9r , n:10103.B4103 - n:m6/ ,.-<q's /�m6l'/r!B=r5/ q m ,H� / q / 36ntm6/ o �AF m.l0/ -Kq 10@'m , B:vTn q0�=C /�B4v�n:mEm�n s�x~s lJn q0� /�n , m.l0/ -Kq 10@'m , m.l0/ r , / C ß4/ ,7s l0n q0� / �m6lA@ , m6B5n CKC /9ß - n:m6/�m6l -K, 1'3.B �0C / r � m6l'/ C B s n:m - B q B4v�m6l0/%r!B=r5/ q m�n43.r r�@ , m s lJn q'� / k ; , m6l0/ -Kq 10@'m ,-<q's 3./ n , / â n C n43 � / 3�1uB ,E- m - B q ß=/ s m.B=3 x Y 103.Bpo0@ s / ,�C n43 � / 3 -<q 10@ym , � s ^ � Z�! ^ ã m6l0/ q B43.r5n C v}B=3 s / ,�s B=r!10@'m6/9o

äXå¢æ¼ç�è�åÅé)êìë.íïîBðÑçiç ñvòyð:óÁîÅæ¼å�èë�~¾èö�æTûWé!ð�ûø·ö�ð�î�ø·èLô 3 á�MF m.l0/ -<q 10@'m ,-<q0s 3./�n , / � m.lA@ , n , r5n C<C / 3Tr!B=r5/ q m�n43Er -K,�q / s / ,E, n43 F m6B�103EByo'@ s /7m.l0/Wo0/ ,.- 3E/ oD3EB C<CK-<q0�r!B=r5/ q m k (Wl0/|m./ 3.r x j -<q (�n �0C / 2 kÛ" , @01'1QB=3£m , m.l -<,�s9C n - r k ; C<, B � m.l0/ s B q m.3 -K� @'m - B q o0@'/|m6B�m6l'/ß=/93Em -<s n C m�n -<Ci-<,>, r5n C<Ci� / s n:@ , /�B4v�m.l0/�n q'�=C /�B4v�n:m.m6n s�x /¢ßy1Q/93 - / q0s / o �MF m.l0/Iß=/93Em -<s n C m�n -<C k �JB=37/ n s l-<q'- m - n CTs B q o - m - B q , /9mEm -<q'�0� m6l0/|ß:n C @0/|B4vhm6l'/ s B=r!1QB q / q m , B:vhm.l0/Dß=/93Em -Ks n C m�n -KC 3E/ r5n -<q0,Is B q0, m�n q m k(Wl0/ s B q m63 -<� @ym - B q B4vm6l0/%ß=/ 3£m -Ks n C m�n -<Ce� l0B Õ /9ß4/ 3 � r�n F�q B4m � / q / �=C / s m./ o /�ß=/ q m.l0B=@ � lOm6l'/ F 1Jn C /-<q�s B=r510n43 -K, B q�Õ�- m6l�m6l0/ s B q m63 -K� @'m - B q o0@0/�m.B~m.l0/ Õ�-<q0�4, k

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20−0.04

−0.02

0

0.02

0.04(a)

Wind Tunnel

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9−0.02

−0.01

0

0.01

0.02(b)

Cl

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5−0.02

−0.01

0

0.01

0.02(c)

Time (s)

Model

� -<� @03E/ 2 kLÞ=ä ¹�B C<C<-Kq0�Då B=r5/ q m"�7Bp/98 s9- / q mN( - r!/`� -K, m.B=3 - / , �7B=r!1Jn43 -<, B q äâ n ã å n q / @yß=/ 3?¹ Þ â}� ã å n q /9@'ß=/93p¹ " â s ã å n q / @'ß4/ 3�¹ á� -K� @03./ 2 kLÞ 1 C B4m , m - r!/#l -<, m6B=3 - / , B:vm6l'/m6l'/r5n q /9@'ß=/93 ,I�4- ß=/ q�-Kq (�n �0C / 2 kLÞ=k ; ,�, l0B Õ�q m6l'/ , B C<- oC<-Kq / , 3./9103./ , / q mDm.l0/�3.B C<C<-Kq0� r5B4r5/ q m s Bp/98 s - / q m ,D� n , /9o?@01QB q m6l0/ Õ�-<q o´m.@ q0q / C r!/�n , @03./9r5/ q m ,Õ l -KC /�m.l0/�oJn , l0/9o C<-<q / , 3E/ 103E/ , / q m�m6l0/�r5n q /9@'ß=/93 ,2� n , /9o�@'1QB q m.l0/�r!Byo'/ Ci�=- ß4/ q�-Kq�à�Ö k 2 kÛ"yk�Ý m -K,s C /�n43�m6l0n:m�m.l0/�r!Bpo0/ CTs n q n s s @036ntm6/ CLF o0/ ,Es 3 -K� /%m6l0/r5B:m - B q B4vm6l0/ Õ�-<q o�m6@ q0q / C r!/�n , @03E/ r!/ q m , k(Wl0/%r5Bpo0/ C�s n q�q B4m�B q'CKF 1'3./ o -<s m�r!B4m - B q0,2� n , /9o�@01uB q o -� / 3E/ q m�n4r51 C<- m.@0o0/ , �'� @'m�n C<, BDr!B4m - B q0,� n , / o�@01uB q v}3./ Ö @'/ q0s�F k (Wl -K, 3./ , @ C m -K, n q�- r!1uB=3Em6n q mIv}/�ntm6@03E/Do0/ ,Es 3 -K�0-<q'� m6l0/|ß4/ 3 , n:m -KC<- m F B4vhm6l'/r!Byo0/ C k

äXå¢æ¼ç�è�åÅé)êìë.íïîBðÑçiç ñvòyð:óÁîÅæ¼å�èë�~¾èö�æTûWé!ð�ûø·ö�ð�î�ø·èLô 3o2; , n q n C m6/ 3 q n:m - ß=/�m.B¡1 C B4mEm -<q'� m - r!/�l -K, m.B=3 - / , �HÕ / s n qN� / q /936n:m./O10l0n , /�1 C B:m ,D�MF 1 C B:m.m -Kq0� m6l'/3.B C<C<-Kq0� r5B4r5/ q m s Bp/98 s9- / q m>ß=/ 3 , @ , / - m6l'/ 3Hm6l0/�3EB C<C n q0�=C /p#�B43>m6l'/�n q0�4C /�B4v�n:m.m6n s�x k � -<� @03./ 2 kÛ" â n ãn q o â � ã , l0B Õ m6l0/!10lJn , /�3E/ C ntm - B q0, l - 1 ,�� /9m Õ / / q m.l0/!3.B CKC<-<q'� r5B=r!/ q m s By/�8 s9- / q m , n q o¡m6l'/53EB C<Cn q0�4C /On q o®n q'�=C /�B4v#n:mEm�n s�x 3E/ , 1u/ s m - ß=/ CLF k¼Ý m s n qP� / , /9/ q m6lJntm5m.l0/ ,EC B=1u/�B � m�n -Kq / oïv}3.B=r m6l'/B=@'m.10@'m ,W� / q /936n:m./ o �MF m.l0/ -Kq 10@'m ,2-<,2q / � n:m - ß4/ �yÕ l -<s l -<, n ,.-<�4q B4v , m6n �0-KC<- m F4�y,E-<q0s /Im6l'/�1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/93Uhg�# n s m ,IC<-Kx / Uhg%$ k>Ý q � -K� 2 kÿ" â n ã �J- m s n qO� / , / / q m6lJn:mIn q�-<q0s 3./ n , / -<q m6l0/%r5n q / @yß=/ 3�v}3./ Ö @'/ q0s�Fm6/ q o , m.B 3.B:m�n:m./5m6l'/�10lJn , /�1 C B4m ,s C B s�xMÕ�-<, /�n � B=@'mm6l0/�r5/ n q B ,Es -KC<C ntm - B q 1uB -Kq m kOÝ v Õ / C ByB x ntmm6l'/ -<q 10@ym ,.-K�=q n Cf� �# � n q�-<q0s 3./ n , / -Kq v}3./ Ö @0/ q0s9F�C /�n4o , m6B~n q�-<q's 3./ n , / -Kq m6l0/ ,E-<�=q n CQÕ l -Ks l -Kq m6@03 qs B4@ C o�103EByo0@ s /�m6l0/#3EB4m�n:m - B q B:v�m.l0/#10lJn , /1 C B4m , k� -K� 2 kÛ" â � ã o -K, 1 C n Fp, m6l0/3.B CKC<-<q'� r!B=r!/ q m s By/�8 s - / q m , n , n5v}@ q0s m - B q B4v�m.l0/ q / Õ -Kq 10@'m ,.-K�=q n C s k(Wl0/ C ByB41 ,I� / q / 3.n:m6/9o v}3.B=r à�Ö k 2 kÛ" v}B=3�lJn C vHn s9Fps9C /Dn43E/�r - 3E3.B=3 - r5n � / , B:v�m6l0/ C ByB41 ,�� / q /936n:m./ oÕ l0/ q m6l0/ s9Fps C / -<,�s B4r51 C /9m./ o k P B:m -<s /|n , m6l'/|n4r!1 C<- m6@0o'/%B:v�m6l0/r�n q / @'ß4/ 3 -Kq0s 3E/�n , / ,9� m6l'/ C BpB=1 ,m6l0n:m�n C r5B , m , m�n:3Em�B=@ym�3./ , / r �0C<-Kq0� n ,Ex / Õ / o ìJ� @'3./ / -<� lMm � o -K, m.B=3Em � 3./ n:m CLF n , m6l0/ n4r51 C<- m.@0o0/-<,%-<q's 3./ n , /9o k (Wl0/ , / C ByB=1 ,� / q / 3.n:m6/9o �MF�� B4m.l¡1 C B4m , � -K� @03E/ 2 kÿ" â n ã n q o â}� ã n43./ � / q / 36ntm6/ o �AFn�ß=/936n �=-Kq0� n C<C7s9Fps C / , v}3.B=rËm.l0/�m - r5/�l -<, m.B=3 - / ,D-Kq � -<� @03E/ 2 kLÞ=k �>F?C BpB xA-<q'� n:m'� -<� @03./ 2 kLÞ - m -K,s C /�n43%m6lJntm|m6l0/�3.B CKC<-<q'� r!B=r!/ q m s By/�8 s9- / q m , r5/ n , @'3./ o �MF m6l0/ Õ�-Kq o´m6@ q0q / C r5/ n , @'3./ r!/ q m , o0Bq B4m�/�ß'n s m CKF 3E/ 1u/�n:m�v}3.B4r s9Fps C /�m6B s9Fps C / � m.lp@ ,�-Kq m.3.Bpo0@ s9-<q0�D, B=r5/�/93.3EB=3 -<q � -<� @03./ 2 kÿ"yk� -K� @03./ 2 kZá 1 C B:m ,�� B:m6lðm6l0/ , m6n:m -Ks n q o o Fyq n4r -Ks�q B=3.r5n C v}B43 s / , n ,., B s - n:m6/9o Õ�- m6lðm6l0/�r!Byo0/ C k� -K� @03./ 2 k¦á â � ã -K, m6l'/ , m�ntm -<sIq B=3.r5n C v}B=3 s / s Bp/98 s - / q m s @'3Eß=/ � n , / o�@01uB q �o� Ô¡1 C B4m.m./ o�n � n -<q0, m2m6l'/q B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s /H103.Bpo0@ s / o �MF m.l0/hr5Bpo0/ CJâfà�Ö k 2 kÿ" ã k�Ý m -K, v}3.B=r�m.l -<, 1 C B4m�m.lJn:m Õ /h103E/9ß - B=@ ,.CKF B � m6n -<q /9om6l'/!10n436n4r!/9m./ 3 , z � s{ � n q o�n , m.l0/ ì0� @03./ , l0B Õ�, � m.l0/~r5Bpo0/ C o0By/ ,#Ö @ - m6/ Õ / CKC�-<q 103.Bpo0@ s9-<q0� m6l'/o0/ ,.- 3E/ o3./ , @ C m , k þðl0/ q m.l0/H"JB Õ?-<, n:m C B Õ n q0�=C / , B4vJn:mEm�n s�xi� m6l0/ ,.C B=1Q/ -<, o0/ ìJq /9o �MF m6l0/h1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/93UWV0] ô + ê Õ l -<s l5v}B=3>m.l -<,hs n , / -<,Q+ ê ô " � � á=á � k þ¡/ s n q�, / /�n , m6l0/In q0�=C /�B:v�n:m.m6n s�x~-<q0s 3./�n , / ,9� m6l'/r!Byo0/ C�s n q lJn q o C /�m.l0/ , l - vGm -<q m6l'/ q B=3.r5n C v}B=3 s / s @03Eß4/ ,EC B=1u/ k(Wl0/�n � B ß=/ , m6n:m6/�� , m6n:m6/�3./9103./ , / q m6n:m - B q�âfà�Ö á'k¦á � ã q / �=C / s m , m6l0/ s B q m63 -K� @'m - B q o0@'/�m.B�m6l0/�o Fpq n4r -<sq B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s /~103.Bpo0@ s / o �MF m6l0/~r5n q / @yß=/ 3 k �JB=3 s B q ß4/ q0- / q0s / , n x / �TÕ / , lJn CKC 1 C B:m�m6l0/~o Fpq n4r -<sq B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s /n ,., B s - n:m6/9o Õ�- m6l�m6l0/%r�n q / @'ß4/ 3In � n -Kq0, mWm.l0/1'3./ o -<s m - B q B4v�m6l0/%r5Bpo0/ C k (�B -<q0s9C @0o0/m6l -<, v}B=3 s / Õ / s n q @ , /#m6l0/�v}B CKC B Õ�-<q0� / Ö @Jn:m - B q

UWV ô UWV X ] UWV [ â 2 k � ã� -K� @03./ 2 k¦á â n ã -<, nO1 C B4m#B4v2m.l0/ q B=3.r5n C v}B=3 s /5n ,., B s9- n:m./ o Õ�- m.l¡m6l'/5r5n q /9@'ß=/93�¹ á -Kq (�n �0C / 2 kKÞ=kÝ m -<, /9ß - o'/ q m�v}3EB=r m6l'/ ìJ� @03./#m6lJntm�B4@03�r5Bpo0/ C o'By/ ,�q B:m�n s9s @03.n:m6/ CKF 103E/ o -Ks m�m6l'/o Fpq n:r -Ks v}B43 s / ,

äXå¢æ¼ç�è�åÅé)êìë.íïîBðÑçiç ñvòyð:óÁîÅæ¼å�èë�~¾èö�æTûWé!ð�ûø·ö�ð�î�ø·èLô 3 �

28.4 28.6 28.8 29 29.2 29.4 29.6 29.8 30 30.2−0.03

−0.02

−0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03(b)

Cl

α

−20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20−0.03

−0.02

−0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03(a)

Cl

φ (o)

Wind Tunnel Model Response

� -<� @03./ 2 kÛ"yä ¹�B C<CK-<q0�|å B=r!/ q m�� Fp, m./ 3E/ ,.-K,'& BpB=1 , äâ n ã Uhg ß , # â � ã Uhg ß , sn ,E, B s - ntm6/ o Õ�- m.lOm6l'/�r5n q / @yß=/ 3 k�Ý m s n q�� / , / / q v}3.B=r� -K� @03E/ 2 kZá â n ã m6lJn:m�m6l'/|n4r!1 C<- m6@0o'/�B4v�m6l'/r!Byo0/ C 3./ , 1uB q0, / -<, r|@ s l � 3E/�n:m./ 3Hm6lJn q m6l'/�3E/ , 1uB q0, /�n ,E, B s - n:m6/9o Õ�- m6l~m6l0/�r�n q / @'ß4/ 3 -<q n4o0o - m - B q��n51'lJn , / , l - vGm � /9m Õ / / q m6l0/#m Õ B s @03£ß=/ , /¢ß -<, m , k (WlA@ ,9� m6l'/r!Byo'/ CT-<qOà�Ö k 2 kÛ" r|@ , m � /%3./ ì0q / o�m.Bn s9s B=@ q m�v}B=32m.l -<, 10l0/ q B=r!/ q n k( �*) � ��9�� +-, � �� /.(Wl0/!r5Bpo0/ C o0Bp/ ,#Õ / C<C�-<q 103E/ o -Ks m -Kq0� m6l0/~3EB C<CK-<q0� r!B=r!/ q m s Bp/98 s - / q m#v}B=3%n �4- ß=/ q¡-Kq 10@'m ��F /9m �- mv n -KC<, m6B�n s s @'36n:m./ CKF 103E/ o -Ks mIm.l0/ , @ �0, / Ö @0/ q m q B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s / s By/�8 s - / q mIv}B=3�m6l0/|r5n q /9@'ß=/93 k (�B ì ßm6l -<, 103.B �'C / r �0Õ / s n q�-<q m.3.Bpo0@ s /n q / Õ / Ö @Jntm - B q m6l0n:m , l0B=@ C o s B=3.3E/ s mIm6l -<, 103.B �'C / r k V -<q0s /m6l'/q B=3Er�n C v}B43 s / s Bp/98 s - / q m ,7� /�m Õ /9/ q m6l0/Ir5Bpo0/ C n q o�m6l0/ Õ�-<q o�m.@ q0q / C oJntm�no'B q B4m7r�n:m s l �yÕ / s n q-<q m.3.Bpo0@ s /WB q /�r5B=3E/W/ Ö @Jn:m - B q o0/ ,.s 3 -<�'-<q0� m6l'/ q B=3.r5n C v}B43 s /�ntm.m63 -<� @ym6/ oDm.B#m.l0/�n - 3 s 3.n:vGm�m6l0n:mHr|@ , m

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.52

2.05

2.1

2.15(a)

CN

Time (s)

Model

−10 0 10 20 30 40 50−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3(b)

α (o)

CN

Wind TunnelModel

� -K� @03E/ 2 k¦á'ä P B=3Er�n C �JB=3 s /0�7By/�8 s9- / q m�( - r!/�� -<, m.B=3 - / , �7B=r!1Jn43 -<, B q äâ n ã UWV v}3.B=r�r�n q / @'ß4/ 3N¹ á â}� ã Vpm�n:m -<s UWV� / , n:m -K,Eì /9o k (Wl0/�v}B C<C B Õ�-<q0� / Ö @Jn:m - B q r|@ , m � /%n4o0o0/9o�m.BDm6l0/ , m6n:m6/�� , 10n s /%3./9103./ , / q m6n:m - B q��

UWV ô UWV X ] UWV [ â 2 k 3 ãn q o � m6l0/%n4/93.Bpo Fpq n4r -<s o0/93 - ß4ntm - ß4/ , n43E/ Ö @0n4o036ntm -<s v}@ q's m - B q0,W-Kq x k½ q0s /�m6l'/�/ Ö @0n:m - B q v}B43Hm.l0/ q B=3Er�n C v}B43 s / -K, o'/ ìJq /9o � m.l0/�r5Bpo0/ CJ-<q5àHÖ k 2 kÛ" s n q!q B Õ®� /�3./ Õ 3 - m.m6/ qÕ�- m.l�m6l0/%n4o0o - m - B q B4v à�Ö k 2 k 3 m6BDv}B=3Er m6l'/#v}B C<C B Õ�-Kq0� ä

z ô OU� � I �s { ô� � K " O â 2 I��ÿ� � ãk ô � � �i� �oK � â 2 k I ã

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UWVJXZY [ ô UWVJ\ ] UWV0] â x ^+_ ` ã�s ^+_ ` ] t�a UWVa �s u â x ^b_ ` ã��s ^b_ `UWV cfd ô UWV0] ced s Ò�Ó ] t a UWVa �s ÒÅÓ u �s ÒÅÓUWV ô UWVJX ] UWV [Uhg ô â UWV X * UWV [ ã x jÕ ] UWV ced h jÕ â 2 k K ã

Õ l0/93./ �UWV0] ô + ê ] Õ ê x ^+_ ` ] � ê x »^+_ `t a UWVa �s u ô + » ] Õ » x ^+_ ` ] � » x »^+_ ` â 2 k O ãP B:m -<s /�m6lJntm�m.l0/ , n4r!/�1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93 , v}B=3 z � s{ n43E/%3E/9m6n -<q /9o�v}3.B=r�m.l0/#103./�ß - B=@ ,�,E- r|@ C n:m - B q kq�q'C<-<x /|m6l0/~103E/9ß - B4@ ,�,.- r|@ C ntm - B q�� B q'CKF m Õ B s n , / ,#Õ /93./!@ , /9o�m.BOn s s @'36n:m./ CKF - o0/ q m - v F m6l0/~3EB C<CK-<q0�r!B=r5/ q m s Bp/98 s - / q m ,.-Kq0s /Wm.l0/WB=1'm - r -<½ ntm - B q,Es l0/ r!/ s B q ß=/93 � /9o5m.B�m6l0/ , /Wm Õ B s n , / , v}B=3�n qMFD-<q0- m - n C� @0/ ,., B4v�10n436n4r!/9m./ 3 , k (Wl0/ , /�m Õ B s n , / ,hÕ /93./�B q0s /�n � n -<qD� n , / o5@01QB q m.l0/�m Õ B�o -� / 3./ q m C B s n:m - B q0,v}B=32m.l0/ s n CKs @ C n:m - B q B4v�m6l0/ Õ�-Kq0�=, n q0�=C /�B4vn:m.m6n s�xi� m6lJn:m -K,

ó þ -Kq0�=, ä x Y�ô� �ÿ� Ä» ÜH/93Em -Ks n C (n -KC ä h YIô �ÛI Õ ÒÅÓ

ó þ -Kq0�=, ä x Y�ô� �ÿI Ä» ÜH/93Em -Ks n C (n -KC ä h YIô �ÛI Õ ÒÅÓ(�n �0C / 2 k¦á B=@'m C<-<q / , m.l0/�B41'm - r -K½ / oO3./ , @ C m , B � m�n -Kq / o�v}3EB=rÏm6l0/�r5Bpo -Kì / o�r!Bpo0/ C / Ö @Jn:m - B q?â 2 k K ã kÝ q (�n �0C / 2 kZá �Js B C @0r q ;�3./9103./ , / q m , m6l'/1Jn:36n4r!/9m./ 3 , n ,E, B s - n:m6/9o Õ�- m6l�m6l0/ C B s n:m - B q B:v x Y�ô

� �Û� Ä»n q o s B C @0r q1� 3E/ 103E/ , / q m , m6l'/�1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93 , n ,., B s9- n:m./ o Õ�- m6l x Yô� �ÿI Ä» k�Ý v Õ /|/�ß0n:r -Kq /%m.l0/m Õ Bq / Õ B41'm - r -K½ / o�3./ , @ C m ,9��, B=r!/�B �', / 3£ß:n:m - B q0,�s n q´� /�r5n4o0/ k � - 3 , m ��- m , /9/ r , n , m6l0/ C B s n:m - B q B4vm6l'/!10n436n4r!/9m./ 3 x Y -<q's 3./ n , / , � m6l0/~o0/ C n F m - r5/ s B q0, m�n q mo0/ s 3./�n , / , k (Wl0/~m6l03E/ /!1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/93 , m6lJntmlJn�ß=/#m6l'/r!B , m�/ � / s m�B q m.l0/ , m6n:m -Ks%s n , / + ê � Õ ê � � ê v}B=32m.l0/%r5B , m�1Jn43£m�3E/ r5n -<q m.l0/ , n4r!/#v}B43 � B4m.ls n , / ,9� n q o s lJn q0� / CK- mEm C /�v}3.B4r m6l'/�3./ , @ C m ,�-<q (�n �0C / 2 kÿ"yk (Wl'/%r!B , m q B4m -<s / n �0C / s lJn q0� /%B s s @03 ,�-Kqm6l'/|m6/ 3Er + » k�Ý v F B4@¡3E/ s n C<Ce� m6l -K, m6/93.r s B=3.3E/ , 1QB q o , m6B�m6l0/ s B q0, m�n q m�m6/93.r -Kq m6l0/~n:/ 3.Bpo Fpq n4r -<so0/93 - ß:n:m - ß4/ µ ��1�� º k ; , m6l0/�1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/93 x Y -Kq0s 3E/�n , / , n C B q'� m.l0/ Õ�-<q0�0� m.l -<, m6/93.r s lJn q0� / ,h,.-K�=q v}3.B=rq / � n:m - ß=/�m6B~1uB ,.- m - ß=/ k ; C<, B �0-<q m.l -<,Wq / Õ r!Byo0/ Ce� m6l0/�ß=/93Em -<s n C m�n -KC<, / � / s m - ß=/ q / ,E, o0/ s 3E/�n , / , k

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� �ÿ� Ä» x YIô� �ÛI Ä»

R » � k � " KiO � kÿ" �o� 3+ ê "yk � 2 á I "pk � 2 á IÕ ê � � k �i� 3i3 � � k � 3 � �� ê � Þ=k OiKiO 2 � Þ=k O4I 3 O+ » � � k � " 3 I � k � ái" IÕ » � 2 kÛ"yÞ �oO � á'k K 3 " 3� » � � k¦á � 2 O � � kÛ" OiO ÞUWVJ\ � k �i� "i" � k �i� " 2x j� k � O 3 á � k � K á �UWV0] ced � � kÛ" K � K � � k¦á � 2 "�2��3�� ced�� k � " K á � � k � " KoKx�4 � � k 243 �oO � � k 2 " OiI

� -K� @03./ 2 k 2 , l0B Õ�, m6l0/%m - r5/%l -<, m6B=3 - / , B4vm6l0/3.B CKC<-<q'� r!B=r!/ q m s Bp/98 s - / q m�103EByo'@ s /9o �MF m.l0/ Õ�-Kq om6@ q0q / C r!/�n , @03./9r5/ q m , n � n -<q0, m#m6l0/ ,.- r�@ C n:m./ o�3./ , @ C m , 103.Bpo0@ s / o �MF¡à�Ö k 2 k K k ; ,%� /9v}B=3E/ � m.l0/ 3E/n4101u/�n:3 , m6B � /n Ö @Jn CK- m F r�n:m s l � /�m Õ /9/ q m.l0/#oJn:m�nD1uB -<q m , k� -K� @03./ 2 k � -K, n!1 C B:m�B:v�m6l0/o Fpq n4r -<s%q B=3Er�n C v}B43 s /�n:m.m.3 -K� @'m6/9o�m.B5m.l0/�r5n q /9@'ß=/93�n q oOm6l0/ , m6n:m -Ksq B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s / s @03Eß4/ k ½ q0s /|n � n -<q � -<� @03./ 2 k � â}� ã -K, n!1 C B4m�B4vm.l0/ , m�ntm -<s#q B43.r5n C v}B=3 s / s Bp/98 s - / q m,.C B=1u/ k ; ,5Õ n , m.l0/ s n , / � /�v}B=3./ � n�ß=/93 FN� BpByoNr�n:m s lP/¢ß -K, m ,5� /�m Õ /9/ q m6l'/Om Õ B s @03£ß=/ , k (Wl -K,r5n:m s l -<, 3E/9"J/ s m./ o -Kq m6l0/�v n s mWm6l0/�m6l'/�1Jn436n:r5/�m6/ 3 , v}B=3 z � s�{ o0B q B4m s lJn q0� /%1 C @ , m6l'/ ì 3 , m�m.l03./9/m6/93.r ,�â�+ ê � Õ ê � � ê ã n , o -K,.s @ ,., / o � /�v}B=3./Oo0B q B4m s lJn q0� /�r�@ s l k � -K� @03./ 2 k � â n ã -<, m6l0/ ìJ� @03E/ B4v-<q m./ 3./ , m k (Wl -<,�ìJ� @03./ -<, m.l0/|m - r5/�l -<, m6B=3 F B4vhm6l0/ q B43.r5n C v}B=3 s / , 1'3.Bpo0@ s /9o �MF m.l0/ Õ�-<q o�m.@ q0q / Cr!/�n , @03./9r5/ q m , n � n -<q', m~m6l0/ q B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s /O1'3.Bpo0@ s /9o �MF m6l0/�r!Byo0/ C / Ö @Jn:m - B q�â 2 k K ã k ; � BpBpor5n:m s l q B Õ /¢ß -<, m ,~� /9m Õ / / q m6l'/�m Õ B�oJn:m6n , /�m , k (Wlp@ , � m6l0/ � B=n C B4v -Kq m.3.Bpo0@ s9-<q0� m.l0/�o Fpq n4r -<sq B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s / -<, n s l - /9ß4/ o k

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20−0.04

−0.02

0

0.02

0.04(a)

Wind Tunnel

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9−0.02

−0.01

0

0.01

0.02(b)

Cl

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5−0.02

−0.01

0

0.01

0.02(c)

Time (s)

Model

� -<� @03E/ 2 k 2 ä ¹�B C<C<-Kq0�Då B=r5/ q m"�7Bp/98 s9- / q mN( - r!/`� -K, m.B=3 - / , �7B=r!1Jn43 -<, B q äâ n ã å n q / @yß=/ 3?¹ Þ â}� ã å n q /9@'ß=/93p¹ " â s ã å n q / @'ß4/ 3�¹ á( �65 ��7�� 98(Wl0/�r!Byo0/ C o0/�ß=/ C B=1u/ o -Kq ¬ ØTÙ0Ú ®L«AÜ¨Ì Õ n , @ , / o -<q~s B q ñE@ q0s m - B qDÕ�- m6l Õ�-<q o~m6@ q0q / C o0n:m�n�m6B#B � m�n -Kqm6l'/!10n436n4r!/9m./ 3 , n ,., B s9- n:m./ o Õ�- m6l à�Ö kTá'k¦á � k (�B�B � m�n -Kq n�r!B=3E/Dn s s @036ntm6/~3./9103./ , / q m6n:m - B q B4vhm6l'/r!Byo0/ Ce��s / 3£m�n -Kq o Fpq n:r -Ks m6/ , m ,#Õ /93./!@ , /9o -Kq m6l0/ - o0/ q m -Kì0s n:m - B q 103EB s / ,E, m.lJn:m s n:1'm6@03E/!n , r|@ s lB4vTm6l'/�r5B:m - B q n , 1uB ,.,E-<�0C / k�Ý m q B4m6/9o�m6lJn:m>m6l0/ -Kq0s C @ ,.- B q B:v�m.l0/�o Fpq n4r -<s�q B=3Er�n C v}B=3 s /�r|@ , m -<, nr|@ , m -<q B=3.o'/ 3Im.B�n s s @036ntm6/ CLF o'/ ,.s 3 -K� /�m.l0/|r!B4m - B q k (Wl0/Dr!Byo0/ C<,�, l0B Õ m6lJntm -<q m6l0/ �4- ß=/ q " -<� lAm/ q ß4/ C B41Q/ �J� ByBpo�103E/ o -Ks m - B q B4vTm.l0/�3.B CKC<-Kq0� r!B=r!/ q m s By/�8 s9- / q m s n q�� /Ir�n4o'/�@ ,.-Kq0� m6l'/�@ q0, m./�n4o Fr!Byo0/ CçÕ�- m.l�m6l0/ q / Õ», m6n:m6/�ß:n43 - n �0C /IB4v�"JB Õ¼, /91Jn43.n:m - B q k

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.52.08

2.085

2.09

2.095

2.1

2.105

2.11(a)

CN

Time (s)

Model

−10 0 10 20 30 40 50−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3(b)

α (o)

CN

Wind TunnelModel

� -<� @03E/ 2 k � ä ¹�B C<C<-Kq0�Då B=r5/ q m"�7Bp/98 s9- / q mN( - r!/`� -K, m.B=3 - / , �7B=r!1Jn43 -<, B q äâ n ã UWV v}3.B=r�r�n q / @'ß4/ 3N¹ á â}� ã Vpm�n:m -<s UWV

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å n q / @'ß4/ 3 �J3./ Ö @0/ q0s�F ;�r51 CK- m.@0o0/ � s � s �g Þ � �Û�¨� h � � � �g " � �Û�¨� h Þ � � " 2 �g á � �ÛI � I¨� h I� � I � ��g 2 � �ÛI � I¨� h I� � I � " 2 �gQ� � �Û�¨� h Þ � � " 2 �g 3 Þ � � � h Þ 2 � Þ 2 � Þ�" �Ý q (�n �0C /d� kLÞ � s � � s � n43./�m6l0/�n:r51 CK- m.@0o0/�B4v�m6l0/�r�n q / @'ß4/ 3�n q oNm6l0/ r!/�n q B ,.s9-<CKC n:m - B q 1QB -<q m �3./ , 1u/ s m - ß4/ CLF k à ß'n s m CKF l0n C vhB4vHm6l'/Dr�n q / @'ß4/ 3 , B s s @'3#n � B4@'m�m6l'/!r!/�n q B ,.s9-<C<C n:m - B q 1uB -Kq m�B4v " 2 � �n q o Õ /93./ , 1u/ s9-KìJs n C<CLF�s l0B , / q´� / s n4@ , /!m6l0/!3.B C<C B ,Es -KC<C ntm - B q r�n q / @'ß4/ 3 , B s s @'3.3./9o -Kq m.l -<, 3./ �=- B qn:m� ô á �o� k (Wl0/�r�n -<q 3E/ �=- B q B4v -Kq m6/ 3E/ , m -<q m.l -<, l -<� l'/ 32n q0�=C /�B4v�n:mEm�n s�x 3./ �4- B q!Õ l0/ 3E/�@ q0, m./�n4o F, /91Jn43.n:m6/9oO"JB Õ�, n43./#r!B=3./ CK-<x / CKF m6B � /#103./ , / q m k(�n �0C /d� kÛ" B=@'m CK-<q / , m.l0/�3./ , @ C m , v}3EB=r m6l03E/ / o -� / 3./ q m�1QB ,.,.-K�0C / , B C @'m - B q0, â ; � �I� � ã m6B à�Ö k � kZá'k

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−10 0 10 20 30 40 50−0.2

−0.15

−0.1

−0.05

0

0.05

α (o)

Cm

Static Wind TunnelModel

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−10 0 10 20 30 40 50−0.2

−0.15

−0.1

−0.05

0

0.05

α (o)

Cm


� -K� @03./}� kZá'ä g - m s l -Kq0�5å B=r!/ q mZ�7By/�8 s - / q m�ß4/ 3 , @ , ; q0�=C /#B4v;2mEm�n s�xv}B=3 å n q / @'ß4/ 3 , g Þ � g�� g 3 n ,., B s - n:m6/9o Õ�- m6l�¹�/ , @ C m , v}3EB=r\�2n , / �; ,�Õ / , / /2v}3.B4rÞ� -<� k � kÛ" � m.l0/2r!Byo0/ C 3E/ , 1QB q', / s n q0q B4mHn s s @'36n:m./ CKF 103E/ o -Ks m�m.l0/2o Fpq n4r -<s>� /9lJn�ß - B=3 ,n:ml -<� l0/ 3�n q0�=C / , B4v�n:mEm�n s�x k (Wl'/ 3./�v}B=3./ � n , / s B q o , B C @'m - B q¡Õ n , v}B=@ q o � �2n , / �� n , B C @'m - B q�-KqÕ l -Ks lm6l'/7r5n q / @yß=/ 3 , m.lJn:m�B s9s @03�n � B=@'m s ô " 2 � � B43�r5n q /9@'ß=/93 , g " � g 2 � g��In43./Hl0/ n�ß -KCKF�Õ / -K� lMm6/ o k� -K� @03./ì� k¦á 1 C B:m , m.l0/ Õ�-<q o m6@ q0q / C n q o�r5Bpo0/ C 3./ , 1uB q0, /~ß4/ 3 , @ , n q0�4C /�B:v7ntm.m�n s�xu� n ,IÕ / C<C n , m6l'/, m6n:m -Ks 1 - m s l -<q'� r5B=r!/ q m s @03Eß4/ k �J3.B=r m6l -K,|ìJ� @03E/ - m -<, /�ß - o0/ q m~m.lJn:m Õ /On:3./�n �0C /�m6B s n:1'm6@03E/m6l'/�o Fpq n4r -<s9, n:m�l -<� l?n q0�=C / , B4v�n:mEm�n s�xi� l0B Õ /9ß=/93|m6l0/�r5Bpo0/ CH, @ � /93 ,|-Kq m6l'/�36n q0� /�o'/ ìJq /9o �AFr5n q / @yß=/ 3Ng 3 k

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−10 0 10 20 30 40 50−0.2

−0.15

−0.1

−0.05

0

0.05

α (o)

Cm


� -K� @03./}� k 2 ä g - m s l -Kq0�5å B=r!/ q mZ�7By/�8 s - / q m�ß4/ 3 , @ , ; q0�=C /#B4v;2mEm�n s�xv}B=3 å n q / @'ß4/ 3 , g Þ � gQ� � g 3 n ,., B s9- n:m./ o Õ�- m6l�¹�/ , @ C m , v}3EB=r\�2n , /]�Ý m -K,Is C /�n43�m6lJntmIv}B=3�m6l0/ s n , / ,�Õ�- m.l /¢ßpm63E/ r!/ Õ / -<� lMm -<q0�0� m6l'/Dn ,., B s9- n:m./ o , B C @'m - B q', m.B�m6l0/|r!Bpo0/ Cs n q n s s @036n:m./ CLF�s n41'm6@'3./2m6l'/2o Fpq n4r -<s>� /9lJn�ß - B=3 ,-<q m.l0/�n410103EB=103 - n:m./>3E/ �=- B q��4F /9m , @ � /93�/ CK, / Õ l'/ 3./ k(Wl0/93./9v}B43./ � m.l0/ C n , m s B C @0r q -Kq (n �'C /§� kÛ" s B q m6n -<q', m6l0/ , B C @'m - B q', m6B�m.l0/ , m6n:m6/�� , 10n s /~3./9103./ , / q �m�ntm - B q�Õ�- m6l�n~r - ßy/ o Õ / -<� lMm -<q0�~,.s l'/ r!/%B q m.l0/#1 - m s l -<q0� r!B=r!/ q m�oJn:m6nD@ , /9o -<q (�n �0C /}� kKÞ4k (Wl0/Õ / -<� lAm ��Õ Þ � @ , / o´B q r5n q / @yß=/ 3 ,�â g " � g 2 � g�� ã -K, " ��Õ l -KC /|m.l0/ Õ / -K� lMm �TÕ " � B q r5n q / @yß=/ 3�g 3 -K,Þ=k � k � -<� @03E/f� k 2 -<, m.l0/�r!Bpo0/ C 3./ , 1uB q0, /�B � m�n -<q /9o�v}3.B=rîm.l -<,#Õ / -<� lMm -<q0� ,Es l0/ r!/ k ½ vWm.l0/5m.l03./9/, B C @'m - B q0, m.BDm6l0/#103EB=1QB , / oOr5Bpo0/ Ce� �2n , /]�òo0/9r5B q', m63.n:m6/ , m6l0/ � / , mIn �0-KC<- m F B:v s n41'm6@'3 -<q'� m.l0/#o F �q n4r -<s� /9lJn�ß - B=3 , v}B=3�m.l0/D/ q m - 3./Dn q0�=C /�B4v>n:m.m6n s�x 3.n q0� / k �J3EB=rH� -<� k � k 2 Õ / , / /Dm6lJntm�m6l0/Dr!Bpo0/ C, @ � /93 ,�,.C<-K� lMm CLF�-Kq�s / 3£m�n -Kq 3E/ �=- B q0,9� l0B Õ /�ß=/93 � m6l0/#B ß=/936n CKC�ì m -<, m.l0/ � / , m k

äXå¢æ¼ç�è�åÅé)êìë.íïîBðÑçiç ñvò.ð:óÁî0æTå/B�ëDCWøýî0ù�òFE�ðUîÅæp~¾èö�æ¼û ø ô�ç K �� 9��^��9�_8 ` � �a.b8��;2m�m.l -<, m - r5/ � n , / q0,E- m - ß - m F n q n CLFp,.-<,%-<, 1Q/93Ev}B=3Er5/9o´B q´, B=r!/ x / F 1Jn:36n4r!/9m./ 3 , k (Wl0/�3./�n , B q v}B43m6l -<, n q n CLFp,.-<,#, m6/ r , v}3.B=r m.l0/!3./ C nÑß'n:m - B q o0/ C n F m - r!/ s B q0, m6n q m Rëê k ¹�/ s n C<Cf� v}B=3�m6l0/ Õ�-<q0�4, � m6l -K,1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93 Õ n , v}B=@ q o�m6B � / q / �=C<-K�=-<�'C / � l0B Õ /9ß4/ 3 �,.-<�4q0-KìJs n q m#ß4n:3 - ntm - B q0, /¢ß -<, m#v}B=3 Rtê G d k�Ý q m6l'/1 - m s l -Kq0� r5B=r!/ q m , n q n CKFp,E-<, �J- m -<,�q B4m./ o�m6lJn:m�m.l -<, 1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93WlJn , n C n43 � /�/ � / s m k (Wl0/%v}B C<C B Õ�-<q0�Õ�-<CKC, l0B Õ m6l0n:m�m6l -<, 1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93�v}B=3Im.l0/Dl0B=3 -<½ B q m6n C m6n -<C�s n q�q B4m � / -<�4q B=3./9o�n q o -<q m.l0/|v}@'m.@03./ �r5n F�� /#@ , / o�v}B=32m6l0/#B4m.l0/ 3�1Jn q / CK, kV -Kq0s /�m6l0/�l0B=3 -<½ B q m6n C m�n -KC0Õ n , n4o0o0/9o�m6Bl0/ C 1�r!Byo'/ C m6l0/�1 - m s l -<q'� r!B=r!/ q m ,9� m.l0/ q m.l0/ Õ / , l0B=@ C o/¢ßy1u/ s m � 3./�ntmWß4n:3 - n q0s / , B4v�m6l0/ , /#1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/93 , k �J3EB=r (�n �0C /`� kÛ" Õ / s n q�, / /�m6l0n:m2m6l -<,2-K, m6l0/ s n , / k(Wl03E/ /21Jn:36n4r!/9m./ 3 , m6lJntm�ß:n43 F n � 3./ n:m�o'/�n C n43./ Rtê G d � R » G d � z I Ó k ; C<C m6l'3./ /71Jn436n:r5/�m6/ 3 , n:3./2n ,., B s - n:m6/9oÕ�- m.l�m6l0/ , /91Jn43.n:m - B q o Fpq n4r -<s , B4v�m6l'/n - 3 s 36n:vGm k�JB=3Tm6l0/ , / q',.- m - ß - m F n q n CKFp,E-<, �tÕ / s l0BpB , /7m.l03./9/71Jn:36n4r!/9m./ 3 , m6BIn q n CLFp½ / k (Wl0/ ì 3 , m s n , / -<, m6l'/7/ � / s mB4vum6l0/�1Jn:36n4r!/9m./ 3 s�{ k �JB=3�m6l -<, n q n CKFp,.-K, � s�{ Õ n , o0/ s 3./ n , /9o5v}3.B4rÑn�ß:n C @0/WB:v � �Û� 2 áyÞ _ +�Ø/�â á'Þ � Þ=Þ � ãm6B s{ ô

� � 2 Þ _ +�Ø/�â "4á � 2 O � ã k (Wl0// � / s m�B4vm.l -<,Ws l0n q0� / -<,�, l'B Õ�qO-<q � -<� k � k � k ; ,�, l0B Õ�q�-Kq m6l -K,ìJ� @'3./ � m.l0/#o0/ s 3./ n , / -<q m6l -<, 1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93 , l03 -<q0xA, m6l0/#1 - m s l -Kq0� r5B4r5/ q m C BpB=1 , k(Wl0/ , / s B q o , / q0,.- m - ß - m F n q n CKFp,.-K, 1Q/93Ev}B=3Er5/9o -K, n q n q n CLFp,.-<, B:v>m.l0/~1Jn436n:r5/�m6/ 3 Rëê G d � B q �2n , / � kÝ v F B4@ 3./ s n CKCe� v}B=3�m6l0/ Õ�-<q0� 1Jn q / C<, � m6l'/m6/93.r Rëê Õ n ,�-<�=q B=3./9o � l0B Õ /�ß=/ 3 ��Õ�- m.lOm6l'/ s B4r51 C /¢ß�"JB Õn � B=@'m�m.l0/�l0B=3 -K½ B q m6n C m6n -<C m.l -<, 10n436n4r!/9m./ 3 � / s B=r!/ , ß=/93 F~- r!1uB=3Em6n q m k � -<� @'3./G� k 3 1 C B:m , m6l'/�r!Bpo0/ C3./ , 1uB q0, /Iv}3.B=rc�2n , / � n � n -<q', mHm6l0/�r5Bpo0/ C 3E/ , 1uB q0, / Õ l0/ q Rtê G d -<,h-<q0s 3./�n , / o , @ s l�m.lJn:m Rëê G d ô � Þ � kÝ q m.l -<,%s n , / ��- m s n q¡� / , / / q m6l0n:mm.l -<, 1Jn43.n4r!/9m6/93l0n , n � 3./ n:m�/ � / s m�B q m.l0/�o Fpq n:r -Ks , B4v2m6l'/r!Byo0/ C k ½ ß=/ 3%n C n:3 � /|1uB=3£m - B q B4vhm6l0/D3.n q0� /DB4v7n q0�4C /|B4v>n:mEm�n s�xi� n q�-<q's 3./ n , / -Kq m6l -K, 1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/93lJn , m6l0/D/ � / s m#B4v -Kq0s 3E/�n ,E-<q0� m.l0/Dn s m6@Jn C 1 - m s l -<q'� r5B4r5/ q m �QÕ�- m6l�n ,.CK-<� lMmI3.B4m6n:m - B q B4vHm.l0/ C BpB=1 ,B s s @'3.3 -Kq0� n � B=@'mWm6l'/%r!/�n q B ,.s -KC<C n:m6B=3 F 1QB -Kq m�B4v " 2 � s k(Wl0/ ìJq n C n q n CLFy,E-<,IÕ n , @ , / o¡m.B�o0/9m./ 3.r -<q /|m6l0/D/ � / s m%B4v z I Ó B q �2n , / �I�QÕ l -<s l¡n43./D1 C B4mEm6/ o -Kq� -K� k � k I k ; , m6l -K, 1Jn43.n4r5/�m6/93 Õ n , o0/ s 3E/�n , / o5v}3EB=r n�ß:n C @'/2B4v z I Ó�ô Þ � �ÿ� 3 m.Bn�ß:n C @0/2B4v z I ÓTô I� � �Õ / , /9/Om6l0n:m�m.l0/ C ByB=1 , ntm5m.l0/�l -K� lPn q0�=C /�B4v#ntm.m�n s�x 3E/ �=- B q n C m./ 3 , /9ß4/ 3E/ CKF k (Wl0/Oo0/ s 3./ n , / -Kq,.C B=1u/�n ,., B s9- n:m./ o Õ�- m.l z I Ó , m6n:m6/ , m.lJn:mhn�r!B=3./ � 36n4o0@0n C m63.n q0,E- m - B q B s s @'3 ,H� /�m Õ /9/ q v}@ C<CLF n:mEm�n s l'/ o"JB Õ x ô� n q o v}@ CKCKF�, / 1Jn43.n:m6/9o "JB Õ x ô Þ � m6lA@ , n ,.CK-<� lMm s lJn q0� / -Kq�,E-<� r5n s n q 103EByo0@ s / C n43 � /o -K, m6@'3 � n q's / ,�-<q m.l0/#o Fpq n4r -<s�� / lJn�ß - B43�B:v�m.l0/#r5Bpo0/ C k

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−10 0 10 20 30 40 50−0.2

−0.15

−0.1

−0.05

0

0.05

α (o)

Cm

Static Wind TunnelModel Sensitivity

� -<� @03./`� k � ä Vp/ q0,E- m - ß - m F ; q n CLFy,E-<, B q g - m s l -<q0�5å B4r5/ q m�v}B=3[�2n , /#;o0@0/#m6B s�{I Ó � v}B=3Wr5n q / @yß=/ 3 , g Þ � g�� g 3

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0.1

0.15

α (o)

Cm


� -<� @03E/`� k 3 ä Vy/ q0,.- m - ß - m F ; q n CKFp,.-K, B q g - m s l -Kq0�5å B=r!/ q m�v}B=3[�2n , / �o'@0/%m.B Rtê G d � v}B=3Wr�n q / @'ß4/ 3 , g Þ � g�� g 3

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−10 0 10 20 30 40 50−0.2

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0.05

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0.15

α (o)

Cm


� -<� @03E/`� k I ä Vy/ q0,.- m - ß - m F ; q n CKFp,.-K, B q g - m s l -Kq0�5å B=r!/ q m�v}B=3[�2n , / �o0@'/#m.B z I Ó � v}B=3Wr�n q / @'ß4/ 3 , g Þ � g�� g 3

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