1 Pierre Descouvemont Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium R-matrix theory of nuclear...

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1 Pierre Descouvemont Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium R-matrix theory of nuclear reactions 1. Introduction 2. General collision theory: elastic scattering 3. Phase-shift method 4. R-matrix theory ( theory) 5. Phenomenological R matrix ( experiment) 6. Conclusions

Transcript of 1 Pierre Descouvemont Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium R-matrix theory of nuclear...

  • Pierre DescouvemontUniversit Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumR-matrix theory of nuclear reactionsIntroductionGeneral collision theory: elastic scatteringPhase-shift methodR-matrix theory ( theory)Phenomenological R matrix ( experiment)Conclusions

  • IntroductionGeneral context: two-body systems Low energies (E Coulomb barrier), few open channels (one) Low masses (A 15-20) Low level densities ( a few levels/MeV) Reactions with neutrons AND charged particlesErV=0>0Only a few partial waves contribute

  • Low-energy reactions Transmission (tunnelling) decreases with few partial waves semi-classic theories not valid astrophysics thermal neutrons

    Wavelength =c/E (fm)~197/E(MeV) example: 1 MeV: ~200 fm radius~2-4 fm quantum effects importantSome references:C. Joachain: Quantum Collision Theory, North Holland 1987L. Rodberg, R. Thaler: Introduction to the quantum theory of scattering, Academic Press 1967J. Taylor : Scattering Theory: the quantum theory on nonrelativistic collisions, John Wiley 1972

  • Different types of reactions1. Elastic collision : entrance channel=exit channelA+B A+B: Q=0

    2. Inelastic collision (Q0)A+B A*+B (A*=excited state) A+B A+B* A+B A*+B* etc..3. Transfer reactionsA+B C+D A+B C+D+E A+B C*+D etc 4. radiative capture reactions A+B C + gNOT covered herecovered here

  • 2. Collision theory: elastic scattering

    Assumptions: elastic scattering no internal structure no Coulomb spins zero Before collisionAfter collisionqCenter-of-mass system1212

  • Schrdinger equation: V(r)=interaction potential

    Assumption: the potential is real and decreases faster than 1/rScattering wave functionsA large distances : V(r) 02 independent solutions :Incoming plane waveOutgoing spherical wavewhere: k=wave number: k2=2mE/2 A=amplitude (scattering wave function is not normalized) f(q) =scattering amplitude (length)

  • Cross sectionsqsolid angle dWCross sectionCross section obtained from the asymptotic part of the wave functionDirect problem: determine s from the potentialInverse problem : determine the potential V from sAngular distribution: E fixed, q variableExcitation function: q variable, E fixed,

  • How to solve the Schrdinger equation for E>0?

    With (z along the beam axis)

    Several methods: Formal theory: Lippman-Schwinger equation approximations Eikonal approximation Born approximation Phase shift method: well adapted to low energies Etc

  • Lippman-Schwinger equation:r is supposed to be large (r >> r') Y(r) must be known Y(r) only needed where V(r)0 approximations are possible Born approximation : Eikonal approximation: is solution of the Schrdinger equationWith =Green functionValid at high energies: V(r) E

  • 3. Phase-shift methodDefinitions, cross sections Simple conditions: neutral systems spins 0 single-channelExtension to charged systemsExtension to multichannel problemsLow energy propertiesGeneral calculationOptical model

  • The wave function is expanded asWhen inserted in the Schrdinger equationTo be solved for any potential (real)For r V(r) =0=Bessel equation ul(r)= jl(kr), nl(kr)3.a Definition, cross section

  • For small xFor large xExamples: At large distances: ul(r) is a linear combination of jl(kr) and nl(kr):With dl = phase shift (information about the potential) If V=0 d=0Cross section:Provide the cross section

  • factorization of the dependences in E and q

    General properties of the phase shiftsExpansion useful at low energies: small number of valuesThe phase shift (and all derivatives) are continuous functions of EThe phase shift is known within np: exp(2id)=exp(2i(d+np))Levinson theorem d(E=0) - d(E=)= Np , where N is the number of bound states Example: p+n, =0: d(E=0) - d(E=)= p (bound deuteron)

  • Interpretation of the phase shift from the wave functiondl0 V attractiveu(r)rV=0 u(r)sin(kr-lp/2) dl=0V0 u(r)sin(kr-lp/2+dl)

  • Resonances:=Breit-Wigner approximationER=resonance energy G=resonance width Narrow resonance: G small Broad resonance: G largeExample: 12C+pWith resonance: ER=0.42 MeV, G=32 keV lifetime: t=}/G~2x10-20 sWithout resonance: interaction range d~10 fm interaction time t=d/v ~1.1x10-21 s

  • 3.b Generalization to the Coulomb potentialThe asymtotic behaviour Y(r) exp(ikz) + f(q)*exp(ikr)/r Becomes:Y(r) exp(ikz+h log(kr)) + f(q)*exp(ikr-h log(2kr))/r With h=Z1Z2e2/v =Sommerfeld parameter, v=velocityBessel equation:Coulomb equationSolutions: Fl(h,kr): regular, Gl(h,kr): irregularIngoing, outgoing functions: Il= Gl-iFl, Ol=Gl+iFl

  • Example: hard sphereV(r)raV(r)= for ra= Hard-Sphere phase shift

  • example : a+n phase shift l=0Special case: Neutrons, with l=0:F0(x)=sin(x), G0(x)=cos(x) d=-ka hard sphere is a good approximation

  • Elastic cross section with Coulomb:Still valid, but converges very slowly.Coulomb: exactNuclear= Coulomb cross section: diverges for q=0 increases at low energies

  • The total Coulomb cross section is not defined (diverges) Coulomb is dominant at small angles used to normalize data Increases at low energies Minimum at q=180o nuclear effect maximumfC(q): Coulomb part: exactfN(q): nuclear part: converges rapidly

  • One channel: phase shift d U=exp(2id)Multichannel: collision matrix Uij, (symmetric , unitary) with i,j=channelsGood quantum numbersJ=total spin p=total parityChannel i characterized by I=I1 I2 =channel spin J=I l l =angular momentumSelection rules: |I1- I2| I I1+ I2 | l - I| J l + I p=p1*p2* (-1) l Example of quantum numbersXXXXa+3He a=0+, 3He=1/2+p+7Be 7Be=3/2-, p=1/2+XXXXXXXX3.c Extension to multichannel problems

    JI lsize1/2+1/20, 111/2-1/20, 113/2+1/21, 213/2-1/21, 21

    JI lsize0+1 21 210-1 21 211+1 20, 1, 2 1, 2, 331-1 20, 1, 2 1, 2, 33

  • Cross sections Multichannel With:K1,K2=spin orientations in the entrance channelK1,K2=spin orientations in the exit channel

    One channel:Collision matrix generalization of d: Uij=hijexp(2idij) determines the cross section

  • Then, for very low E (neutral system):One defines=logarithmic derivative at r=a (a large) 3.d Low-energy properties of the phase shiftsFor =0:Edl=0, a0l>0strong difference between l=0 and l>0Generalizationa=scattering length re=effective range

  • Cross section at low E:In general (neutrons): Thermal neutrons (T=300K, E=25 meV): only l=0 contributesexample : a+n phase shift l=0At low E: d~-ka with a>0 replusive

  • 3.e General calculationwith: Numerical solution : discretization N points, with mesh size h ul(0)=0 ul(h)=1 (or any constant) ul(2h) is determined numerically from ul(0) and ul(h) (Numerov algorithm) ul(3h), ul(Nh) for large r: matching to the asymptotic behaviour phase shiftBound states: same ideaFor some potentials: analytic solution of the Schrdinger equationIn general: no analytic solution numerical approach

  • Example: a+a0+ E=0.09 MeV G=6 eV4+ E~11 MeV G~3.5 MeV2+ E~3 MeV G~1.5 MeVExperimental spectrum of 8BeExperimental phase shiftsPotential: VN(r)=-122.3*exp(-(r/2.13)2)a+aVB~1 MeV

    Graph2

    7.14101.3815.86

    -4.9696.3336.27

    -15.3391.8672.61

    -19.6489.3788.64

    -22.8188.98105.29

    -27.0386.79115.26

    -29.1286.9121.19

    114.17.5-0.1

    96.637.50.2

    79.580.8-0.1

    75.992.7-0.1

    71.4102.10

    68107.50

    59.4113.80

    51.6115.20

    45.6116.30

    41114.90

    291033

    111005.2

    710416.2

    310124.1

    -1.697.527.7

    -8.894.741.8

    -6.994.847

    -10.293.348.1

    -9.491.756.4

    -10.79459.2

    18000.2

    17800.3

    17500.425

    17300.475

    17100.5

    15900.75

    14801

    137.511.25

    128.42.51.5

    l=0

    l=2

    l=4

    Ecm (MeV)

    delta (degres)

    rmat

    exactn=0n=2n=4n=6n=8n=10

    0.10.1211462936-0.3923295-2.1080656285-0.6801135367-0.4100695007-0.2809746661-0.2035934824

    0.20.2936099368-0.7822122075-4.1813813407-1.3095784147-0.76902079-0.5107205499-0.3559167289

    0.30.5683467314-1.1672526751-6.1875904061-1.8382252367-1.0261285601-0.6383777304-0.4060590674

    0.40.9959065964-1.5451558686-8.0987455901-2.2164375151-1.1310770383-0.6134621025-0.3034756839

    0.51.6269968041-1.9137718535-9.8926754258-2.3944443967-1.0332521913-0.38517601040.0026853892

    0.62.5139105674-2.2711343232-11.5535915906-2.3204849346-0.67998926330.0992832080.5652323934

    0.73.7130755026-2.6154916374-13.0719919023-1.9374647336-0.01343476850.89773741651.4418632351

    0.85.2890422047-2.9453295488-14.4440270733-1.17756187381.03444666812.0777975172.6997939635

    0.97.3204061398-3.2593853251-15.67054473060.04615064752.54949663743.72409155264.4227420887

    19.908468563-3.5566534701-16.75601106831.85274913674.64696464165.94914902446.7213786861

    1.113.1898957805-3.8363836717-17.70746299474.4141550417.48935427078.90991401499.7490608022

    1.217.3550805661-4.0980719321-18.53358604817.988432806811.31397134612.832785978413.7254521098

    1.322.6735750803-4.3414460539-19.243962238912.972340571216.473982569918.050084701818.970494583

    1.429.5238994206-4.5664467636-19.848494760719.974479508823.490635592625.044905262725.9455198005

    1.538.4078833659-4.7732057646-20.356993929429.866734221333.079761913534.471419642235.2710723586

    1.649.8786006624-4.962021945-20.778897982143.594168220245.997082908647.020468786347.6048677225

    1.764.2250973081-5.1333368332-21.123099703961.214358370962.363252524662.852096476763.1316317896

    1.880.847666744-5.2877102337-21.397851863680.442939121480.592926591880.658223522680.6960296094

    1.997.9660401155-5.4257967897-21.6107286197.66473776897.771649249697.819771764397.8481341158

    2113.5983062531-5.548324037-21.7686247348111.1039258705111.9585552568112.3529400394112.5886720212

    2.1126.8145869241-5.6560723415-21.8777791597121.1284134662123.0421160144123.9353077889124.4730691128

    2.2137.7481018069-5.7498569582-21.9438127824128.7345645976131.7580721136133.1702303874134.0218695374

    2.3146.9565142929-5.83051232-21.9717738025134.7788744038138.8917096414140.7999869783141.9483530665

    2.4155.0136829985-5.8988785616-21.9661859126139.8720029105145.0582888343147.4358779097148.8596743525

    2.5162.3927105801-5.9557902023-21.9310963864144.4502212515150.7199999038153.5464630781155.226886034

    2.6169.4720561331-6.0020668565-21.8701222549148.8579781789156.2496638144159.5098611592161.4296839563

    2.7176.5717622322-6.0385058008-21.7864935595153.418812038161.9935749131165.6708506496167.8097726715

    2.8183.9909084796-6.0658762071-21.6830931962158.5080074386168.3329032436172.3953649425174.7213949937

    2.9192.0406255117-6.084914842-21.5624932039164.6531919421175.7536871948180.126889295182.5809401709

    3201.0702714858-6.0963230349-21.42698756172.7042262586184.9301583756189.4430417631191.9122698331

    3.1211.4762258643-6.1007647231-21.278621662184.1094749318196.7813627125201.0739146365203.3541770171

    3.2223.6614521364-6.0988653995-21.1192187396201.0612945984212.2850147304215.7329495099217.5147085496

    3.3237.8852089901-6.0912117999-20.9504034653224.7998361555231.5321017078233.4763526553234.4706431653

    3.4253.9711448227-6.078352188-20.7736230331250.6475738778252.3024869318252.7959870012253.0533324673

    3.5271.0659230173-6.0607971105-20.5901659659271.0528021292271.0588427494271.0608052455271.0618680528

    3.6287.8815687021-6.0390205152-20.4011788941284.7085655358286.068389703286.5407718773286.8052466909

    3.7303.3933315447-6.0134611375-20.2076815247293.7614706087297.7289952257299.1488374582299.9591425346

    3.8317.2621381123-5.9845240793-20.010580003300.0488049576307.0874782771309.6048629976311.0503083043

    3.9329.6939210611-5.952582514-19.8106788431304.6532853761315.0834064101318.7271669589320.8109459356

    4341.1297310459-5.9179794661-19.6086915873308.1854259264322.4573046081327.2311194904329.9272702578

    4.1352.0553796897-5.8810296216-19.4052503348311.0001009733329.8530175902335.7599278107339.0266395037

    4.2362.938395394-5.8420211373-19.2009142644313.3132833705337.9610252469344.9812131473348.7438551557

    4.3374.2240287332-5.8012174203-18.9961772613315.2625254228347.6993822579355.6998980552359.7995502574

    4.4386.3386730785-5.7588588605-18.7914747462316.9390888941360.4386950255368.9349153112373.0290872102

    4.5399.6627278734-5.7151644995-18.5871897921318.4057231225378.0185392746385.7322374819389.1924981413

    4.6414.4368554094-5.6703336261-18.3836586056319.7069281534401.2774113278406.1805425138408.2772307264

    4.7430.5944377961-5.6245472925-18.181175442320.8751201962426.5035831985427.97980112428.6229202826

    4.8447.6243602566-5.5779697455-17.9799970113321.9344714495447.5682386823447.5867651757447.5953645669

    4.9284.6806239692-5.5307497725-17.7803464316322.9033798863282.823522825283.3836117103283.6588351392

    5120.9746736451-5.4830219612-17.5824167764323.7961041072113.8479763039115.8729509965116.9014475676

    rmat

    0.1211462936-0.3923295-2.1080656285-0.6801135367-0.4100695007-0.2809746661-0.2035934824

    0.2936099368-0.7822122075-4.1813813407-1.3095784147-0.76902079-0.5107205499-0.3559167289

    0.5683467314-1.1672526751-6.1875904061-1.8382252367-1.0261285601-0.6383777304-0.4060590674

    0.9959065964-1.5451558686-8.0987455901-2.2164375151-1.1310770383-0.6134621025-0.3034756839

    1.6269968041-1.9137718535-9.8926754258-2.3944443967-1.0332521913-0.38517601040.0026853892

    2.5139105674-2.2711343232-11.5535915906-2.3204849346-0.67998926330.0992832080.5652323934

    3.7130755026-2.6154916374-13.0719919023-1.9374647336-0.01343476850.89773741651.4418632351

    5.2890422047-2.9453295488-14.4440270733-1.17756187381.03444666812.0777975172.6997939635

    7.3204061398-3.2593853251-15.67054473060.04615064752.54949663743.72409155264.4227420887

    9.908468563-3.5566534701-16.75601106831.85274913674.64696464165.94914902446.7213786861

    13.1898957805-3.8363836717-17.70746299474.4141550417.48935427078.90991401499.7490608022

    17.3550805661-4.0980719321-18.53358604817.988432806811.31397134612.832785978413.7254521098

    22.6735750803-4.3414460539-19.243962238912.972340571216.473982569918.050084701818.970494583

    29.5238994206-4.5664467636-19.848494760719.974479508823.490635592625.044905262725.9455198005

    38.4078833659-4.7732057646-20.356993929429.866734221333.079761913534.471419642235.2710723586

    49.8786006624-4.962021945-20.778897982143.594168220245.997082908647.020468786347.6048677225

    64.2250973081-5.1333368332-21.123099703961.214358370962.363252524662.852096476763.1316317896

    80.847666744-5.2877102337-21.397851863680.442939121480.592926591880.658223522680.6960296094

    97.9660401155-5.4257967897-21.6107286197.66473776897.771649249697.819771764397.8481341158

    113.5983062531-5.548324037-21.7686247348111.1039258705111.9585552568112.3529400394112.5886720212

    126.8145869241-5.6560723415-21.8777791597121.1284134662123.0421160144123.9353077889124.4730691128

    137.7481018069-5.7498569582-21.9438127824128.7345645976131.7580721136133.1702303874134.0218695374

    146.9565142929-5.83051232-21.9717738025134.7788744038138.8917096414140.7999869783141.9483530665

    155.0136829985-5.8988785616-21.9661859126139.8720029105145.0582888343147.4358779097148.8596743525

    162.3927105801-5.9557902023-21.9310963864144.4502212515150.7199999038153.5464630781155.226886034

    169.4720561331-6.0020668565-21.8701222549148.8579781789156.2496638144159.5098611592161.4296839563

    176.5717622322-6.0385058008-21.7864935595153.418812038161.9935749131165.6708506496167.8097726715

    183.9909084796-6.0658762071-21.6830931962158.5080074386168.3329032436172.3953649425174.7213949937

    192.0406255117-6.084914842-21.5624932039164.6531919421175.7536871948180.126889295182.5809401709

    201.0702714858-6.0963230349-21.42698756172.7042262586184.9301583756189.4430417631191.9122698331

    211.4762258643-6.1007647231-21.278621662184.1094749318196.7813627125201.0739146365203.3541770171

    223.6614521364-6.0988653995-21.1192187396201.0612945984212.2850147304215.7329495099217.5147085496

    237.8852089901-6.0912117999-20.9504034653224.7998361555231.5321017078233.4763526553234.4706431653

    253.9711448227-6.078352188-20.7736230331250.6475738778252.3024869318252.7959870012253.0533324673

    271.0659230173-6.0607971105-20.5901659659271.0528021292271.0588427494271.0608052455271.0618680528

    287.8815687021-6.0390205152-20.4011788941284.7085655358286.068389703286.5407718773286.8052466909

    303.3933315447-6.0134611375-20.2076815247293.7614706087297.7289952257299.1488374582299.9591425346

    317.2621381123-5.9845240793-20.010580003300.0488049576307.0874782771309.6048629976311.0503083043

    329.6939210611-5.952582514-19.8106788431304.6532853761315.0834064101318.7271669589320.8109459356

    341.1297310459-5.9179794661-19.6086915873308.1854259264322.4573046081327.2311194904329.9272702578

    puits carra=3, V0=-10

    exact

    n=0

    n=2

    n=4

    n=6

    n=8

    n=10

    k

    dephasage

    Sheet1 (2)

    A1=4.0026N=200

    A2=4.0026h=0.1

    Z1=2

    Z2=2

    ell=0

    E=1

    hbar2/2m=20.9008

    Emin=0.2

    Emax=15180

    pas=0.5

    0.2178.404073368597.14101.3815.86

    0.7159.292517745410.55-4.9696.3336.27

    1.2137.419268523612.04-15.3391.8672.61

    1.7119.519382243312.74-19.6489.3788.64

    2.2104.736191003813.48-22.8188.98105.29

    2.792.195943268114.24-27.0386.79115.26

    3.281.314383385514.74-29.1286.9121.19

    3.771.70336371561.92114.17.5-0.1

    4.263.09628595652.6396.637.50.2

    4.755.30293866753.23579.580.8-0.1

    5.248.18308559723.4875.992.7-0.1

    5.741.63035262093.73571.4102.10

    6.235.5620677843.9468107.50

    6.729.91256606524.43559.4113.80

    7.224.6288740894.9451.6115.20

    7.719.66749316195.4445.6116.30

    8.214.9922752075.9441114.90

    8.710.57282418146.15291033

    9.26.38332218977.6111005.2

    9.72.40164460988.9710416.2

    10.2-1.39131385549.55310124.1

    10.7-5.012185962710.2-1.697.527.7

    11.2-8.475506262510.825-8.894.741.8

    11.7-11.794083218710.9-6.994.847

    12.2-14.979245757111.125-10.293.348.1

    12.7-18.041064781711.405-9.491.756.4

    13.2-20.988531581111.45-10.79459.2

    13.7-23.82970596790.21800

    14.2-26.57183987170.31780

    14.7-29.22148117960.4251750

    0.4751730

    0.51710

    0.751590

    11480

    1.25137.51

    1.5128.42.5

    0.1-122.3530270294.31640-118.0366270290.3-0.289583778

    0.2-121.54815604654.30560-117.24255604650.6-0.3113767127

    0.3-120.2184531044.28760-115.9308531040.9-0.0584835739

    0.4-118.3812715334.26240-114.1188715331.20.2455904608

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    0000

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    0000

    0000

    r (fm)

    V(r) (MeV)

    puits carre

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

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    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    r (fm)

    V(r) (MeV)

    Sheet1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    r (fm)

    fonction d'onde

    fig_dep

    k0^2=100001.85302213693.49381077914.8138334163180100001.85302213693.49381077914.8138334163

    a=31500002.68453231684.2629792587

    2000001.48550118143.6294616901

    25000002.8588445498

    0.1-179.878853912-179.8788539120.12114629370-100.1-0.17710230230.090092697800

    0.2-179.7063902686-179.70639026860.29360993713-100.2-0.34860549690.179452650800101.51789327692.56144490473.0357865538

    0.3-179.4316534737-179.43165347370.568346732300.3-0.50908749240.267353073900151.006975672.63362867543.36949551123.7567938458

    0.4-179.0040936082-179.00409360820.99590659750.4-0.65347463380.353079052500202.32551069663.44354468534.0696437194.3826932359

    0.5-178.3730033997-178.37300339971.6269968060-1.86050.5-0.77720210650.435933357400251.43.154.054.6

    0.6-177.4860896354-177.48608963542.51391057023-1.86050.6-0.87635825370.5152421153002015251012

    0.7-176.286924699-176.2869246993.71307550670.7-0.94780824330.5903602899000.1181.4677250619177.960772046359.02533361160.12114629372.4206818193

    0.8-174.710957995-174.7109579955.28904221060-4.2320.8-0.98929317660.6606769275000.2182.991425716176.0282823554358.0876004190.29360993714.9632137118

    0.9-172.6795940578-172.67959405787.32040614793-4.2320.9-0.9995015030.7256201266000.3184.6306289674174.2960852553357.22158805350.5683467327.7610646265

    1-170.0915316316-170.09153163169.90846857411-0.97811048530.7846616893000.4186.4525440843172.8352836479356.45815331930.995906597510.9732459508

    1.1-166.8101044105-166.810104410513.1898957951001.1-0.92579640260.8373214167000.5188.5374794108171.6911653169355.82306040061.62699680614.803215047

    1.2-162.6449192088197.355080791217.3550805855301.2-0.84421317020.8831710151000.6190.9865344084170.8852625167355.33655164622.513910570219.5257951172

    1.3-157.3264246888202.673575311222.67357510561.3-0.73594005050.9218375792000.7193.933041482170.4207956333355.01360666973.713075506725.5236760624

    1.4-150.4761003408209.523899659229.5238994535001.4-0.60440010940.9530066248000.8197.5599224122170.2892464653354.86473906475.289042210633.32465615

    1.5-141.5921163857218.407883614338.4078834087301.5-0.45375199590.9764246468000.9202.1256891894170.476463032354.89713878587.320406147943.5895168752

    1.6-130.1213990763229.878600923749.8786007181.6-0.28875846570.9919011811001208.0004563179170.9675542999355.11598401839.908468574156.89243193

    1.7-115.7749024147244.225097585364.22509737971.7-0.11463580660.9993103534001.1215.7028631155171.7504870203355.525797365713.189895795173.0631620291

    1.8-99.1523329603260.847667039780.8476668341.80.06311107560.9985919032001.2225.8869661673172.8186568489356.131785388817.355080585590.4563910372

    1.9-82.0339595646277.9660404354-82.03395997591.90.23886269440.9897516738001.3239.1186845724174.1728456433356.941163562122.6735751056106.6096691023

    2-66.4016934095293.5983065905-66.401693820920.40706264440.9728615649001.4255.2095654332175.8230047822357.964525671829.5238994535120.0359917726

    2.1-53.1854131351-53.1854131351-53.18541313512.10.56239326640.9480589475001.5272.4858795976177.7903068106359.217370661938.4078834087130.6853035126

    2.2-42.2518982402-42.2518982402-42.25189824022.20.69994376660.9155455472001.6288.4698226076180.1099415492360.721960052749.878600718139.1631493861

    2.3-33.0434857439-33.0434857439-33.04348574392.30.81536547180.875585803001.7301.6819764517182.8352362061362.509759566664.2250973797146.1220119282

    2.4-24.9863170293-24.9863170293-24.98631702932.40.90500931260.8285047167001.8312.0823312095186.0438806373364.62483981680.847666834152.0756726533

    2.5-17.6072894395-17.6072894395-17.60728943952.50.96604118970.7746852097001.9320.2777735488189.8473471048367.128800979197.9660400241157.3980609907

    2.6-10.5279438786-10.5279438786-10.52794387862.60.9965315740.7145650085002326.9158843901194.4049217817370.1080801075113.5983061791162.3629802757

    2.7-3.4282377717-3.4282377717-3.42823777172.70.99551650870.6486330846002.1332.5024970526199.9436452137373.6849189144126.8145868649167.1816713603

    2.83.9909082784-176.00909172163.99090848412.80.96302808520.5774256776002.2337.4015061311206.7831086446378.0337289045137.7481017598172.0315921239

    2.912.0406253194-167.959374680612.04062552512.90.90009342850.5015219339002.3341.8741995566215.353796351383.4045311164146.9565142561177.0786933062

    321.0702713036-158.929728696421.070271509330.80870222420.4215391962002.4346.115709766226.165639965390.1522895111155.0136829707182.4966413043

    3.131.4762256937-148.523774306331.47622589943.10.70637669520.3435430891002.5350.2820850724239.6174556492398.757705339162.3927105605188.4859353816

    3.243.6614519794-136.338548020643.6614521853.20.61699847060.279978363002.6354.5101233997255.5272763612409.7824638596169.4720561214195.2947146756

    3.357.8852088489-122.114791151157.88520905463.30.53892932110.2281748236002.7358.9331797519272.6555961753423.6163452932176.5717622283203.2399147979

    3.473.9711446994-106.028855300673.97114490513.40.47073830310.1859563345002.8363.695762642289.1030748364439.8901171024183.9909084841212.7179028552

    3.591.0659229182-88.9340770818-88.93407708183.50.41117553150.1515494032002.9368.9693142959303.5250010401457.0146962842192.0406255251224.1688655506

    3.6107.8815686217-72.1184313783-72.11843137833.60.35914926950.1235086811003374.9711159554315.6593489961472.9091534118201.0702715093237.9165334555

    3.7123.3933314816-56.6066685184-56.60666851843.70.31370591860.1006562479003.1381.9867657431325.9007944155486.3815094536211.4762258994253.8139692577

    3.8137.2621380647-42.7378619353-42.73786193533.80.27401253930.0820321305003.2390.3909446006334.8066820812497.4002608639223.661452185270.8970682855

    3.9149.6939210273-30.3060789727-30.30607897273.90.23934158480.0668539765003.3400.6429935255342.8840425261506.480233649237.8852090546287.6375543062

    4161.1297310249-18.8702689751-18.870268975140.20905756490.0544841899003.4413.1907110947350.5536027779514.2001516944253.9711449051302.8270562582

    4.1172.0553796808-7.9446203192-7.94462031924.10.18260539830.044403147003.5428.1707124938358.1743693809521.0406591276271.0659229182316.0984259068

    4.2182.9383951916-177.06160480842.93839539734.20.15950023870.0361873687003.6444.935082861366.0802990503527.3753115006287.8815686217327.7089975665

    4.3194.2240285434-165.775971456614.2240287494.30.13931858740.0294917306003.7461.9554239484374.6149806696533.5026783152303.3933314816338.1467805602

    4.4206.3386729022-153.661327097826.33867310794.40.12169053130.024034966003.8477.6398889859384.1579075212539.6819518571317.2621380647347.9144943179

    4.5219.6627277119-140.337272288139.66272791754.50.10629296270.0195878498003.9491.2344717922395.1271708682546.1648524118329.6939210273357.4712301529

    4.6234.4368552644-125.563144735654.43685547014.60.09284365670.0159635699004502.8302630771407.9191162319553.224895519341.1297310249367.2419298069

    4.7250.5944376691-109.405562330970.59443787484.70.08109609870.0130098794004.1512.8970769281422.7210817812561.1849298501352.0553796808377.6423163235

    4.8267.6243601486-92.375639851487.62436035424.80.07083496560.0106027013004.2521.9574430472439.1997558214570.4373003662362.9383953973389.0910372838

    4.9284.6806238853-75.3193761147-75.31937611474.90.06187217910.0086409159004.3530.4772889939456.3425709643581.4320984524374.224028749401.978758649

    5300.9746735794-59.0253264206-59.025326420650.05404345890.0070421137004.4538.863000318472.8579906068594.5702372959386.3386731079416.5516346866

    5.10.04720531090.005739133004.5547.4913070621487.8804222189609.913481299399.6627279175432.6955675119

    5.20.04123239740.0046772388004.6556.7429696699501.2382426723626.7854968522414.4368554701449.7601846532

    5.30.03601523990.0038118236004.7567.026128021513.2239187777643.7695348378430.5944378748466.7183414728

    5.40.03145821220.0031065335004.8578.7673876552524.300658851659.4627504664447.6243603542482.6773520086

    5.50.02747778760.0025317411004.9592.3246175693534.9502566349673.2197351418464.6806238853497.2617905877

    5.60.02400100830.0020633008005607.7669889165545.6325526936685.1372181285480.9746735794510.5818335586

    5.70.02096414780.001681534600

    5.80.01831154280.001370405400

    5.90.01599457340.001116843500

    60.01397077140.000910197400

    6.10.01220304220.000741786300

    6.20.01065898470.000604535900

    6.30.00931029760.000492680400

    6.40.00813226060.000401521300

    6.50.00710328130.00032722900

    6.60.00620449930.000266682900

    6.70.00541944060.000217339300

    6.80.00473371590.000177125700

    6.90.00413475620.000144352700

    70.00361158330.000117643500

    7.10.00315460770.000095876300

    7.20.00275545350.000078136600

    7.30.00240680450.000063679200

    7.40.00210227020.000051896900

    7.50.00183626880.000042294500

    7.60.00160392470.000034468900

    7.70.00140097930.000028091200

    7.80.00122371260.000022893600

    7.90.00106887560.000018657700

    80.00093363020.000015205500

    8.10.00081549750.000012392100

    8.20.00071231210.000010099200

    8.30.00062218290.000008230600

    8.40.00054345780.000006707700

    8.50.00047469370.000005466600

    8.60.00041463050.000004455100

    8.70.00036216710.000003630800

    8.80.00031634190.00000295900

    8.90.0002763150.000002411500

    90.00024135270.000001965300

    9.10.00021081420.000001601700

    9.20.00018413980.000001305300

    9.30.00016084050.000001063800

    9.40.00014048920.00000086700

    9.50.00012271310.000000706600

    9.60.00010718610.000000575800

    9.70.00009362380.000000469300

    9.80.00008177750.000000382500

    9.90.00007143020.000000311700

    100.00006239210.00000025400

    fig_dep

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    0

    0

    coulomb

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

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    00000

    00000

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    00000

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    00000

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    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    20

    15

    25

    10

    12

    00.019648748

    0.01-0.1427067336-10099.85729326640-10.10.07549100070000

    0.02-0.1431874888-5049.85681251123-10.20.15055117170000

    0.03-0.1439893604-33.333333333333.189343973300.30.22475214210000

    0.04-0.1451132707-2524.85488672930.40.29767044450000

    0.05-0.1465605179-20-2.3040-0.43560.50.36888993150000

    0.06-0.1483327817-16.666666666716.51833388493-0.43560.60.43800415130000

    0.07-0.1504321327-14.285714285714.1352821530.70.50461866660000

    0.08-0.1528610421-12.5-6.561000.80.56835330620000

    0.09-0.1556223947-11.111111111110.9554887164300.90.62884433420000

    0.1-0.1587195034-109.841280496610.68574652650000

    0.11-0.1621561263-9.0909090909-9.216001.10.73873514010000

    0.12-0.165936486-8.33333333338.1673968473301.20.78750776740000

    0.13-0.1700652918-7.69230769237.52224240051.30.83178606120000

    0.14-0.1745477642-7.14285714296.9683093787001.40.8713173240000

    0.15-0.1793896624-6.66666666676.4872770042301.50.90587594940000

    0.16-0.1845973156-6.256.06540268441.60.93526471010000

    0.17-0.1901776566-5.88235294125.692175284601.70.95931588360000

    0.18-0.1961382601-5.55555555565.359417295501.80.9778922090000

    0.19-0.2024873846-5.26315789475.06067051021.90.99088767050000

    0.2-0.2092340185-54.790765981520.99822810270000

    0.21-0.2163879318-4.76190476194.54551683012.10.99987161340000

    0.22-0.223959732-4.54545454554.32149481342.20.99580882310000

    0.23-0.2319609272-4.3478260874.11586515982.30.98606291820000

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    3.3272691505-0.16588887-0.3005467712

    3.3362134224-0.1791731704-0.2997410158

    3.3451576943-0.1930473398-0.2989395692

    3.3541019662-0.2075737097-0.298142397

    3.3630462382-0.2228227388-0.2973494651

    3.3719905101-0.2388744571-0.2965607397

    3.380934782-0.2558202238-0.2957761875

    3.3898790539-0.2737648854-0.2949957754

    3.3988233258-0.2928294416-0.2942194707

    3.4077675977-0.3131543665-0.2934472411

    3.4167118696-0.3349037816-0.2926790546

    3.4256561415-0.3582707453-0.2919148796

    3.4346004134-0.3834840273-0.2911546846

    3.4435446853-0.4108168761-0.2903984386

    3.4524889573-0.4405984999-0.2896461111

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    3.4703775011-0.5092013404-0.2881530899

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    3.4882660449-0.593774744-0.2866753817

    3.4972103168-0.6441305285-0.2859421966

    3.5061545887-0.7014714887-0.2852127522

    3.5150988606-0.7674877167-0.28448702

    3.5240431325-0.8444629142-0.2837649718

    3.5329874044-0.9355605283-0.2830465794

    3.5419316764-1.0452930709-0.2823318153

    3.5508759483-1.1803277876-0.2816206521

    3.5598202202-1.3509480584-0.2809130625

    3.5687644921-1.5738909016-0.2802090197

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    3.65820721122.8276534424-0.2733579435

    3.66715148312.2106213954-0.2726912168

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    3.68504002691.5303742118-0.271367473

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    3.70292857071.1603545829-0.270056519

    3.71187284261.0311603514-0.2694057804

    3.72081711460.9251147958-0.2687581704

    3.72976138650.8362024279-0.2681136664

    3.73870565840.7603099029-0.2674722461

    3.74764993030.6945278633-0.2668338875

    3.75659420220.6367391115-0.2661985687

    3.76553847410.5853648588-0.2655662681

    3.7744827460.5392024983-0.2649369642

    3.78342701790.4973185548-0.2643106356

    3.79237128980.4589760696-0.2636872615

    3.80131556170.4235841348-0.2630668209

    3.81025983370.3906620522-0.2624492931

    3.81920410560.3598133755-0.2618346578

    3.82814837750.3307067678-0.2612228946

    3.83709264940.3030616456-0.2606139834

    3.84603692130.2766372338-0.2600079044

    3.85498119320.2512240866-0.2594046378

    3.86392546510.2266374071-0.2588041641

    3.8728697370.2027116887-0.2582064639

    3.88181400890.1792963308-0.2576115181

    3.89075828080.156251968-0.2570193078

    3.89970255280.1334473127-0.2564298139

    3.90864682470.110756355-0.255843018

    3.91759109660.0880557871-0.2552589015

    3.92653536850.0652225406-0.2546774462

    3.93547964040.042131329-0.2540986338

    3.94442391230.0186520905-0.2535224464

    3.9533681842-0.0053527832-0.2529488662

    3.9623124561-0.0300315618-0.2523778756

    3.971256728-0.0555467951-0.2518094569

    3.9802009999-0.0820796345-0.251243593

    3.9891452719-0.1098351216-0.2506802665

    3.9980895438-0.1390487968-0.2501194606

    4.0070338157-0.169995116-0.2495611582

    4.0159780876-0.2029983614-0.2490053427

    4.0249223595-0.2384470278-0.2484519975

    4.0338666314-0.2768131216-0.2479011062

    4.0428109033-0.3186785178-0.2473526524

    4.0517551752-0.3647716478-0.24680662

    4.0606994471-0.4160196427-0.2462629931

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    4.1054208067-0.8096639673-0.2435803897

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    4.4274145954-4.7542047321-0.2258654523

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    r

    tg(Ka)/K, -1/k

    00000

    00000

    0

    r

    U(r)

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

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    0.02-17.1891547722-0.4899105382-0.003448628-3.4381676891-0.0045373266-0.0004219075-0.0004209799-0.0004209188-0.0004209183

    0.04-34.3778886261-3.4141320941-0.0910116489-6.8759144599-0.0331410472-0.000452492-0.0037672179-0.0004560187-0.0004209706

    0.06-51.5666224801-9.5794099843-0.6125150489-10.3136612307-0.1096875089-0.0006596497-0.1242992745-0.0021598119-0.0004253752

    0.08-68.755356334-18.5609274263-2.1840491427-13.7514080014-0.2556747206-0.0014208503-0.7357541226-0.0145974623-0.0004787589

    0.1-85.9440901879-29.6341577139-5.4064123959-17.1891547722-0.4899105382-0.003448628-2.1024204332-0.055815898-0.0007565635

    0.12-103.1328240418-42.1874281409-10.588019662-20.626901543-0.8280251885-0.00788242-4.1930236149-0.1483551027-0.0016818378

    0.14-120.3215578958-55.7849029576-17.7061134893-24.0646483138-1.2822425833-0.0163636189-6.8423509522-0.3151171307-0.0040402926

    0.16-137.5102917497-70.1301566977-26.5367983284-27.5023950846-1.8613892603-0.0310901038-9.8826499539-0.5769031992-0.0090816784

    0.18-154.6990256036-85.0221624333-36.7920054185-30.9401418554-2.5710955621-0.0548470525-13.1847510071-0.9511073729-0.0186012842

    0.2-171.8877594575-100.3227082805-48.1976919316-34.3778886261-3.4141320941-0.0910116489-16.6585128678-1.4511496458-0.0349970971

    0.22-189.0764933115-115.9348920792-60.5227096949-37.8156353969-4.3908242143-0.1435304083-20.2433040179-2.0864027324-0.0612991958

    0.24-206.2652271654-131.7893381622-73.5822895513-41.2533821677-5.4994949133-0.2168692094-23.898800302-2.8624466224-0.1011690742

    0.26-223.4539610193-147.8353556104-87.2320280523-44.6911289385-6.7368980634-0.3159376775-27.5981929163-3.7815220479-0.158867947

    0.28-240.6426948732-164.035192627-101.359816408-48.1288757093-8.0986164374-0.4459911624-31.3235896224-4.8430807968-0.2391946856

    0.3-257.8314287272-180.3602364363-115.878471259-51.5666224801-9.5794099843-0.6125150489-35.0630067637-6.0443618728-0.3473961053

    0.32-275.0201625811-196.7884515131-130.7197839201-55.0043692509-11.1735085788-0.8210973368-38.8083876922-7.3809317507-0.4890534189

    0.34-292.208896435-213.3026194466-145.8299537209-58.4421160216-12.8748496118-1.0772961904-42.5543251389-8.847171292-0.6699514059

    0.36-309.3976302889-229.8891073013-161.1661575519-61.8798627924-14.6772646307-1.3865093729-46.297206341-10.4366834614-0.8959367966

    0.38-326.5863641429-246.5369908308-176.6939908618-65.3176095632-16.5746212675-1.7538521232-50.0346476152-12.1426260746-1.1727739821

    6.2832

    57.2957795131

    3.1415926536

    2

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    l=0

    1

    2

    0

    1

    2

    a=3 fm

    a=5 fm

    k (fm-1)

    delta (degres)

    a=3

    k0^2Resonances

    100001.85302213693.49381077914.8138334163

    1500002.68453231684.2629792587

    2000001.48550118143.6294616901

    25000002.8588445498

    Etats lies

    101.51789327692.56144490473.0357865538

    151.006975672.63362867543.36949551123.7567938458

    202.32551069663.44354468534.0696437194.3826932359

    251.38333333333.154.054.64.9166666667

    dphasage sphre dure

    l=0

    l=2

    l=1

    k

    delta

    dephasages aphere dure avec et sans coulomb

    0

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    521.9574430472439.1997558214570.4373003662362.9383953973389.0910372838

    530.4772889939456.3425709643581.4320984524374.224028749401.978758649

    538.863000318472.8579906068594.5702372959386.3386731079416.5516346866

    547.4913070621487.8804222189609.913481299399.6627279175432.6955675119

    556.7429696699501.2382426723626.7854968522414.4368554701449.7601846532

    567.026128021513.2239187777643.7695348378430.5944378748466.7183414728

    578.7673876552524.300658851659.4627504664447.6243603542482.6773520086

    592.3246175693534.9502566349673.2197351418464.6806238853497.2617905877

    607.7669889165545.6325526936685.1372181285480.9746735794510.5818335586

    20

    15

    25

    10

    12

    k

    delta

    dephasages puits carre a=3

    0.1110

    0-0.0573229-0.301641.23654

    10.04234575250.48375816342.7076676743

    20.09230414820.94740577244.0810684412200.3020528363.020920384218.0097770801

    30.12562514411.26915632685.3604079736400.37013287943.70142927124.5466903631

    40.15061993771.51413498996.5506979232600.41026556084.102700595928.5053372832

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    90.22517714092.253588497511.38233043961600.50782960295.078302350338.2230449592

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    120.25260060672.527058269113.60028193932200.5395898995.395902300241.3960383408

    130.26029276272.603830160414.25597756552400.54827212435.482724011942.263715119

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    210.30681470483.068503487518.454196294000.59927144415.992715385847.36180616

    220.3113601283.113926766918.88082378314200.60414451296.041445978147.8490165919

    230.31570792673.157377662319.29095112364400.60879110736.087911839548.3135924213

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    280.3349957833.350160747121.13115204675400.6292495196.292495670750.359145266

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    310.34500316143.450197726422.09700419026000.63977631666.397763539751.41171675

    320.34812815123.481437559822.39988905866200.64305261216.430526466251.7393169981

    330.3511584453.511731319822.69412362376400.64622496316.462249949652.0565254909

    340.3540996133.54113460822.98017506546600.64929976276.49299792252.363981229

    350.35695674813.569698265823.25847472446800.6522828326.522828592452.6622660318

    360.35973451873.597468902423.52942157487000.65517948586.551795110852.9519111624

    370.36243721483.624489351623.79338529847200.65799459036.579946137253.2334030201

    380.36506878773.650799068824.05070901337400.66073261176.607326334153.5071880535

    390.36763288463.676434477424.30171177600.66339765916.633976792453.7736770191

    400.37013287943.70142927124.54669036317800.66599352156.659935402454.0332486874

    410.3725718993.725814680224.78592196318000.66852370046.68523717854.2862530795

    420.37495284693.749619706325.0196651448200.67099143796