(1) MEKANIKA PERPATAHAN & FAILURE ANALYSIS
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(1)(1)MEKANIKA PERPATAHAN & MEKANIKA PERPATAHAN &
FAILURE ANALYSISFAILURE ANALYSIS
(1)(1)MEKANIKA PERPATAHAN & MEKANIKA PERPATAHAN &
FAILURE ANALYSISFAILURE ANALYSISMuhammad FitrullahMuhammad Fitrullah
Teknik MetalurgiTeknik MetalurgiFakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng TirtayasaFakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
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DEFINISI KERUSAKAN (FAILURE)
• Ketidak-mampuan suatu komponen untuk dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Perpatahan (fracture) tidak perlu harus terjadi.
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KONDISI UMUM KERUSAKAN
1. Jika tidak dapat dioperasikan (dijalankan)
2. Masih dpt beroperasi, tetapi tidak berfungsi semestinya
3. Kerusakan serius atau tidak aman untuk digunakan
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Failure analysis rules
• The failure investigator has only one objective to determine the failure mechanism that caused the failure and to use that knowledge to prevent another occurrence.
• Start with and maintain an open mind. Emotion obscures objectivity and must be edged from the investigation.
• The theory, however elegant, must agree with the observed evidence, however humble.
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Failure analysis rules…?
• The simplest solution is the best solution.
• Having the wrong solution is frequently much worse than having no solution.
• Major incidents are often triggered by very minor or apparently innocuous details.
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Failure analysis rules…?
• Only one thing is worse than knowing you have a crack growing in a component, and that is not knowing you have a crack growing in a component.
• Cracks never get smaller, nor do they ever disappear. Either they stay the same size (invariably in a minor, insignificant, or easily repaired component), or they get bigger (usually in a critical component).
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QUATION FOR SUCCESSFUL FAILURE ANALYSISProper background information
+correct analyses and tests
+Thorough knowledge of materials behaviour
and processing+
Pertinent experience______________________
Correct Analysis
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Penyebab Kerusakan Material
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FAKTOR KEGAGALAN
1. SALAH DISAIN :• Apakah ada stress concentration
(lubang, ulir, notch)• Apakah Dimensinya sesuai ? Lost by
wear or corrosion• Haruskah Rigid atau Flexsible like
spring?• Apakah Part / Komponen memang
didisain untuk mudah rusak atau memang untuk tahan rusak ?
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FAKTOR KEGAGALAN
2. SALAH MEMILIH MATERIAL• Apakah mechanical prop. sesuai?
(Hardness, UTS, yield)• Apakah physical prop. sesuai?
(Thermal ex, density, cond.)• Apakah Chemical prop. sesuai?
(chem comp., corrosion res.)
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FAKTOR KEGAGALAN
3. KETIDAK SEMPURNAAN MATERIAL
• Apakah ada defects pada base metal?
• (porosity, inclusion, lamination, segregation)
• Apakah ada residual stress pada base metal? (tension, compression)
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FAKTOR KEGAGALAN
4. SALAH DALAM MANUFACTURE (Fabrikasi)
• Rolling (lamination, inclusion)• Welding (Pore, undercut, cracks, lack
of penetration)• Casting (Pore, coldshut, shrinkage,
segregation)• Heat Treatment (decarburization,
scale, over/under tempered, improper microstructures)
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FAKTOR KEGAGALAN
5. SALAH DALAM ASSEMBLING (PERAKITAN)
• Ada Misalignment ?• Ada Inaccurate Machining &
accum. Of tolerance Interference & abnormal stress• Ada Deflection? (shafts or pipes)
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FAKTOR KEGAGALAN
6. KONDISI OPERASI• Ada unusual occurrence
(abnormal)? (bunyi, bau, asap)
• Apakah terjadi over speed ?• Apakah terjadi over load ?• Apakah lingkungannya korosif?
(temperature environment)
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Contoh Kerusakan akibat korosi
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FAKTOR KEGAGALAN
7. KONDISI PERAWATAN (MAINTENANCE)
• Apakah terjadwal?• Apakah ada pelumasan?• Apakah metoda pengukuran baik?
(temperature, pressure, dimension, etc.)
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