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門診處方討論Glutathione 用於美容醫學 --- 美白

報告者：林玉茹

報告日期： 950323

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IntroductionSynonyms ： Glutathione

GSH (Glutathione-SH )

L-Glutathione

化學名： γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycinepH 值： 4.3-6.3結構式：

Glutathione

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Introduction Requirements RDA: non essential Good Food Sources Via cysteine, which is very difficult to measure yogurt, granola, duck, oatmeal flakes, toasted wheat germ, cottage cheese  

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Introduction Glutathione (GSH) is a short string of amin

o acids called a peptide. It is composed of three amino acids: glycin

e, glutamine and cysteine.It is one of the main antioxidants in the cell

and is considered a "key antioxidant" in the function of cells.

It protect the brain and other body tissues by protecting them from the damage of free radicals.

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Free radicals 本身帶有不成對電子的原子、分子、或離子，它 們可能在人體的任何部位產生

它會損害體內的細胞、破壞免疫系統及導致感染 與各種退化病變

抗氧化劑：中和自由基的酵素 (superoxide dismutase(SOD ）、 catalase 、 glutathione peroxidase

天然的抗氧化劑 : 例如維他命 A 、 C 、 E 及硒，以協助體內清除自由基

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MECHANISM Glutathione (GSH) is a cysteine-containing tripeptide fou

nd in all eukaryotic cells. Intracellular GSH is synthesized within the cytosol from the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine by a two step enzymatic process utilizing ATP as the energy source. Ninety percent of the GSH that is synthesized within the cell is stored in the cytosol; a small amount (10%) is stored in mitochondria.

GSH plays an important role in the regulation of many enzymatic reactions and is the most important scavenger molecule, participating in several detoxification reactions. Its cellular functions include amino acid transport, acting as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions, and maintenance of sulfhydryl redox status. GSH represents a defense against electrophilic xenobiotics and intracellular oxidants (ie, free radicals).

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MECHANISM All eukaryotic cells are capable of synthesizing GSH, an

d the liver is the major site of glutathione synthesis in humans and animals. Once synthesized by hepatic cells, GSH is either translocated to plasma or excreted in the bile. The bulk of plasma GSH is in the reduced form (85%), while the reminder is oxidized (15%). GSH is cleared in the kidney through direct glomerular filtration and a nonfiltration mechanism using the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidation reaction.

GSH deficiency may be inherited or acquired. Hereditary deficiency is rare and due to a deficiency in an enzyme required to synthesize GSH in reduced form. In acquired deficiency, it is not known whether reduction in GSH is an effect or cause of the disease process

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Functions

Protects cells against free radicalsProtects cells against free radicals Removes toxins Enhances immune function Regulates protein and DNA growth

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IndicationDetoxificationHIVCystic fibrosis Liver disease ： alcoholic liver cirrhosis 、 he

patocellular cancer Parkinson's disease Heart attack and stroke( ischemic heart diseas 、

MI)Diabetes

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用法用量 療程：以 3 個月為一階段

用法：用添附之溶解劑 -- 注射用蒸餾水，與本品稀 釋溶解後， IV push （ 5-10min ）， BIW （ 1 amp Glutathione 500mg ＋ dist water 10 ml ）

療程一 3 次 /wk 療程二 2 次 /wk 療程三 1 次 /wk

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Side effects

休克：偶爾有 Anaplyaxis 出現時，應中止給藥

過敏症：偶爾有發疹出現時，應中止給藥

胃腸：食慾不振、 nausea 、 vomiting

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注意事項與 Vitanin B6 、 VitaminK1 、 Cyanobalamin

混合時，應於 3hr 內迅速注射完畢。與下列注射劑混合時會產生變化，應避免使

用。 Promethazine HCL 、 Papaverin HCL 、 Dehydrochlic Acid 、 Sodium Cefazolin 、 Kanamycin Sulfate 。

溶解後應立即使用，若要分次使用，應保存於冷處，且於 8hr 內用完，

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Reference

http://www.biasd.net/html/glutathione.htmwww.GSHNOW.COM

PDR healthMicromedexStryer L. Biochemistry (3rd ed.). New York,

NY: WH Freeman; 1988.