1 ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Shyi-Gang Wang, Ph. D. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National...
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Transcript of 1 ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Shyi-Gang Wang, Ph. D. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National...
1
ENDOCRINOLOGY
P. Shyi-Gang Wang, Ph. D.
Department of Physiology,
School of Medicine
National Yang-Ming University
Taipei 11221, Taiwan, Republic of China
PS Wang/ 2004.05
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王錫崗 教授•台灣 台北市北投區( 11221 )立農街二段155 號
•國立陽明大學醫學院生理學科暨生理學研究所
• Tel: 886-2-28267082
• Fax: 886-2-28264049
• E-mail: [email protected]
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Chapter I. Introduction
PS Wang/ 2004.05
4Weichert Anatomy of the Chordates 1965 3th ed #662
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Weichert Anatomy of the Chordates 1965 3th ed #661
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Endocrine Gland Hormone
Blood Stream
Target Organ Soma
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Receptors
Actions
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Hormone
a Greek word meaning “stimulate”
first used by Bayliss and Starling in 1904 for the finding of secretin
PS Wang/ 2004.05
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Definition of Hormone
1. A chemical substance
2. Produced by ductless gland(s)
3. Transported by blood stream
4. Physiological control effects; control of metabolic functions
PS Wang/ 2004.05
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Physiological Properties of Hormones
1. small amounts (pg~μg)
2. the secretion rate is determined by the need
3. no effect on the source
4. act on soma or target organs
5. as trigger substances
6. may have many effects, e.g. oxytocin
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Mono- Hexa-
Bi- (Di-) Hepta-
Tri- Octa-
Tetra- Nona-
Penta- Deca-
e.g. Tetradecapeptide (14 AA)
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Endocrine and Nervous Systems Both are coordinating systems; providing for
homeostasis, integration, differentiation, and growth.
Comparison N Eroute wire wireless
signals electric impulse chemicals
speed fast (msec) slow (sec to days)
Neuroendocrinology = CNS + Hypophysis
PS Wang/ 2004.05
12McDonald Veterinary Endocrinology and Reproduction 1976 2nd ed
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Substances from Neurosecretory Cells
Neurohumors1. do not enter the circulation2. excite the adjacent cells3. e.g. EP, NE
Neurohormones1. enter the circulation2. excite the target cells3. e.g. hypothalamic releasing hormones
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Hormone Regulation 1. Feedback: negative and positive A B
2. Three loops (1). long feedback loop: H/P target (2). short feedback loop: H P (3). ultra short feedback loop: H H Nonhormonal Control 1. light 2. stress 3. sleeping 4. feeding 5. others
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
-+
PS Wang/ 2004.05
a
b
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Caligaris, Astrada, & Taleisnik (Argentina), Endocrinology 88:810, 1971
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GLUCOSE
BETA CELL
INSULINPS Wang/ 2004.05
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Chemical Classes of Hormones
1. Peptide, protein hormones
2. Amino acid derivatives
3. Steroids and lipids
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Hormones1. Peptides, Protein Hormones (1). Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
A. Adenohypophysis a. Pars distalis growth hormone (GH, somatotrophin); Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH,
corticotrophin); Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotrophin); Male: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); Interstitial-cell- stimulating hormones (ICSH, luteinizing hormone, LH);
Female: FSH; LH; Prolactin b. Pars intermedia Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α- and β-MSH, Intermedin) B. Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe)
Oxytocin (Let-down factor, milk-ejection factor); Vasopressin (anti- diuretic hormone, ADH)
(2). Pancreas Insulin; Glucagon (3). Ovary Relaxin; Inhibin (4). Thyroid Thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin) (5). Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone (6). Kidney Erythropoietin; Renin (7). Stomach andGastrin; Enterogastrone; Cholecystokinin; Secretin; Duodenum Pancreozymin
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2. Amino Acid Derivatives (1). Thyroid Thyroxin; Triiodothyronine (2). Adrenal Medulla Norepinephrine; Epinephrine (3). Pineal gland Melatonin (4). Argentaffin cells, Sterotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamin
e) platelets, nerves
3. Steroids and Lipids (1). Testes Androgen (testosterone) (2). Ovary Estrogen (estradiol-17β) (3). Corpus luteum Progesterone (4). Adrenal cortex Hydrocortisone; Cortisone;
Aldosterone (5). Prostate, Seminal Prostaglandins
Vesicles, Brain, Nerve
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Hypothalamic HormonesOxytocin --------------------------- 9 A.A., PV.Vasopressin (ADH) ------------- 9 A.A., SO.LHRH (GnRH) ------------------- 10 A.A.FSHRHTRH -------------------------------- 3 A.A.Somatostatin (SRIF) ----------- 14 A.A.GRFPIF (= Dopamine ?)PRF (= TRH or serotonin ?)CRFMIFMRF
PS Wang/ 2004.05