1. Email: somyot.o@cmu.ac.th1

2. .. 2493 20 2543 696 2545 715 2550 898 2 3. 3 898 million international tourist arrivals in 2007 (6.5% growth per year between 1950-2007) International Tourism Receipts totalled US$ 733 billion, or 2 US$ billion a day, in 2006 Tourism represents around 35% of the worlds exports of services and over 70% in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 1.6 billion forecast international tourist arrivals worldwide by 2020 WTO (2008) 4. ? 4 5. 5 6. (1500-525 B.C.) (800-338 B.C.) 6 7. 170 B.C. (Tavern or Inn) 7 8. .. 500 - 1400 (Pilgrimage) 13 (Medieval) 8 9. 15 17 Grand tour (Renaissance) 9 10. The Grand Tour 16-18 Grand tour 1-3 .. 1778 Grand tour Grand Tour (1789-1791) (1796-1814) 10 11. Grand tour : . . . 11 12. 18 .. 12 13. 13 14. .. Thomas Cook (Circular note) Travelers cheque 1868 14 15. 15 16. 2 ( 1945) 16 17. SoLoMo 17 18. 18 19. 19 20. 20 - 21. ? 21 22. Rome Conference 1963 22 23. 23 24. Purpose of Travel 1. Visiting friends and relatives VFR 2. Conventions, seminars, and meetings - MICE 3. Business 4. Outdoor recreation hunting, fishing, boating, camping 5. Entertainment sightseeing, theater, and sport 6. Personal, family medical, funeral, wedding 7. Other 24 25. ? 25 26. McIntosh and Goeldner (1986) 1. Visitor/Tourist 2. Tour business 3. Government 4. Local community 1. Natural resources 2. Infrastructure 3. Superstructure 4. Transportation 5. Hospitality and cultural resources 26 27. Burkart (1975) ; 1. Attractions 2. Facilities 3. Accessibility Destination attractions Destination facilities and services Accessibility of the destination Middleton (1988) 27 28. 3As Attractions Amenities Accessibilities 28 29. Attractions Attractions Natural Man made Cultural 29 30. Amenities Amenities Accommodation Food, Restaurant Souvenir Convenience store Bank, Currency exchange Etc. 30 31. Accessibilities Road Rail road Airport Public transportation Etc. 31 32. Beyond 3As Attractions Amenities Accessibilities Accommodations Activities Acceptance A 32 33. Types of Tours 33 34. 1. Inbound 2. Outbound 3. Domestic 34 35. 1. (Ready Made Tour) 2. (Tailor Made Tour /Custom made Tour) 35 36. 1. (FIT) Travel Agent: Foreign Independent Tour or Free Independent Travelers Hotel: Fully Independent Traveler Airline: Foreign Independent Travel DIT: Domestic Independent Tour 2. GIT: Group Inclusive Tour 36 37. 1. (Half Day Tour) 2. (Full Day Tour) 3. (Tour Around) 37 38. 1. (Escorted Tour /Conducted Tour) -Tour Leader /Tour Conductor 2. (Unescorted Tour /Non-conducted Tour) - Voucher /Coupon 38 39. 39 40. . .. 2551 40 41. (Tourist Guide) Local Guide Permanent Guide Freelance Guide Tour Leader /Tour Conductor 41 42. . .. 2551 42 43. () () () 43 44. Independent Tours FIT DIT Hosted Tours Charter Tours Escorted Tours All-Inclusive Tours Special Package Formats 44 45. Special Package Formats Incentive Tours Convention Tours Special-interest Tours or Special Purpose Tours 45 46. MICE M Meeting I Incentive C Convention E Exhibition 46 47. 1. (City Tour) 2. (Sight Seeing Tour) 3. (CitySight Seeing Tour) 4. (Night Tour) 47 48. 1. (Boat Tour) 2. (Trekking) 3. (Diving) 4. (Rafting) 5. (Jungle Safari) ...... 48 49. (Ecotourism) (Adventure Tourism) (Agrotourism) (Farm Tourism) (Bird Watching) (Cliff Climbing) (Conservation Tourism) (Homestay) 49 50. (Cultural Tourism) (Rural Tourism) (Historical Tourism) (Study Tour) (Ethnic Tourism) (Health Tourism, Wellness Tourism) (Medical Tourism) (Agent Educational Trip : AET) , Familiarization Trip (FAM Trip) .......... 50 51. Wedding / Honeymoon 51 52. Wedding 52 53. (Sustainable Tourism) (Communities-based Tourism : CBT) 53 54. 54 55. o , , o o o o 55 56. The Association of Thai Travel Agents (ATTA) (.) The Association of Domestic Travel (ADT) (.) The Association of Thai Tour Operators (ATTO) (.) Thai Tourism Promotion Association (TTPA) Thai Ecotourism and Adventure Travel Association (TEATA) Thai Travel Agents Association(TTAA) Thai Hotels Association (THA) 56 57. . .. 2551 57 58. 2 Travel Agency Tour Operator Travel Agency Travel Agency 58 59. Travel Agency (Package) Tour Operator Passport VISA 59 60. Tour Operator (Ready Made Tour) (Tailor-made Tour) 60 61. Producers Wholesalers Retailers Consumers Marketing channels, or the chain of distribution The Distribution Channel 61 62. Working with the travel trade channels Source: WTO (2007) 62 63. Supplier Tour operator Travel Agent Consumer Internet 63 64. 64