1 /+ ,**2 ˘ˇˆ˙˝ ˛˚˜ - js-soilphysics.com · V WLX2K ˛ Y : N˛ O˛ : ZG[\]> ^ _ 9‘]2K 9ab...

15
臶臊腛 膬臔 臍臼膓 膶膓膎臅臟膮膝膑膍膩膖臁腼臹臼膓膝膑腮腹腯腃 膞膮膺膸臎腽 膃臬 臄腴腯腃腹 膰腬腸腷 臄臻臵膔臞 腁腆 腇腄 腁腄 腅腁 腄 腖腉腥腔腠 腓腛 腜腎腧腠腕臃 腖腉腥 膃臬 臶臊膇 膽膱腗腑腕 腐腦腕 膕臺 膽膣臆膉膘臀膅腛膿膤 臬膶 腚腢腥膉膒 腎腔 腑腌腑 膃臬 腛膊 腛至臖膁腋腢腞 腻臝腟腛臦膳 臄腛膛膢腚腢腥臫膐腾臩膁 膼腙 臣臌腚膋腒腥 腨膙膍腗腑腕膨腙腥 膈臧 臨膆膜腛腔腠 膃臬 腍膏腠腣腦 腏腏臑臺 膍膾 腗腑腕腛 腙腘 膍臒 腛臆膉 腍膯膃臲腚臏臌腐腦腕 腑腔膃臬 腛臙臢 腚膋腒腥膝膑腍臘腩腚膬腧 腊腥 臺腚膳臰腐腦腔腳腪腫腶腭腲腰腵腹臟膮臜 腦腕腊腥 腏腦腣腛膝膑腖腜 膂自腨膭腠腥腔 腚腢腦腝 膃臬 腱腹腗膟臚 腠臓 臯臕腐腦腔臥 腛臙臢 膹臷 腣腦腕腋腤 膀臐腻臱腗 腩腖 腛臤腊 膍臒 臶腽 臡臒 臒腛膧臈腡 膡膦臮 膫臛 致臭臇膪 臠臉 膹臷膠腺 膴致腺 腆腜 腙腇腖 腛腗 腛腗 腁腦腆 腛腗 腊腝 腛腗 腃腡 腛腗 腦腆 腛腗 腛腗 腃腡 腁腦腆 腛腗 腃腡 腉腁腋腁腊 腇腅腈腆 腏腇腋腊腆腝腁腃腎腚腖腘腂腅腄腑腍腄 腒腜腓腔腙腜腐腉腈腀腌腄腕腗腛 ARAGUCHI RAKAWA ANAKA USABA AKUSHIDO AMADA * : BTC Noburo H *, Yusuke A *, Akihiro T *, Takashi K *, Ken-ichi Y * and Ichiro Y * * National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto , Japan Currently, various types of livestock manure composts have been developing for application to farmlands as an organic fertilizer. Nutrients released from these newly developed composts play an important role in the overall chemical dynamics in soils. In the traditional methods, such as an incubation method, the nutrient release patterns were measured under soil-compost mixing conditions, in which the major cations and anions were not analyzed precisely. Thus, in this study, a new method for measuring early nutrient release pattern from composts was developed using sand column mixed with manure compost and was applied for analyzing the nutrient release patterns for four kinds of cattle manure compost. A sand column of . cm height and of cm diameter, having the unsaturated sand layer of . cm height mixed with compost overlain the saturated sand layer of cm height, was prepared. Distilled water was supplied to the top of the column at a constant rate and the pattern of the nutrient concentration in drained water was measured. This could be evaluated as BTC normalized with pore volume. This method per- formed well in detecting the delayed release of nutrients and the increase in the released K in the pelletized composts compared with the traditional ones. : Livestock manure compost, Nutrient release pattern, Sand column, Breakthrough curve (BTC) CO , ; * * * * * * A New Method for Measuring Early Nutrient Release Pattern from Manure Compost Using Sand Column and its Application to Some Kinds of Cattle Manure Compost J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys. No. , p. Abstract Key words , 20+ ++3, ,.,+ ,.,+ 20+ ++3, 3- / ,- 1 +332 ,**, 3 *** ,**, ,**. ++* -1 /+ ,**2 +

Transcript of 1 /+ ,**2 ˘ˇˆ˙˝ ˛˚˜ - js-soilphysics.com · V WLX2K ˛ Y : N˛ O˛ : ZG[\]> ^ _ 9‘]2K 9ab...

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ARAGUCHI RAKAWA ANAKA USABA

AKUSHIDO AMADA

*

: BTC

Noburo H *, Yusuke A *, Akihiro T *, Takashi K *,

Ken-ichi Y * and Ichiro Y *

* National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Agricultural Research Center

for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto , Japan

Currently, various types of livestock manure composts have been developing for application to

farmlands as an organic fertilizer. Nutrients released from these newly developed composts play

an important role in the overall chemical dynamics in soils. In the traditional methods, such as

an incubation method, the nutrient release patterns were measured under soil-compost mixing

conditions, in which the major cations and anions were not analyzed precisely. Thus, in this

study, a new method for measuring early nutrient release pattern from composts was developed

using sand column mixed with manure compost and was applied for analyzing the nutrient

release patterns for four kinds of cattle manure compost. A sand column of . cm height and of

cm diameter, having the unsaturated sand layer of . cm height mixed with compost overlain

the saturated sand layer of cm height, was prepared. Distilled water was supplied to the top of

the column at a constant rate and the pattern of the nutrient concentration in drained water was

measured. This could be evaluated as BTC normalized with pore volume. This method per-

formed well in detecting the delayed release of nutrients and the increase in the released K in the

pelletized composts compared with the traditional ones.

: Livestock manure compost, Nutrient release pattern, Sand column, Breakthrough

curve (BTC)

CO

, ;

* * * * * *

A New Method for Measuring Early Nutrient Release Pattern from

Manure Compost Using Sand Column and its Application to

Some Kinds of Cattle Manure Compost

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

No. , p.

Abstract

Key words

,

20+ ++3, ,.,+

,.,+ 20+ ++3,

3 -

/ , -

1

+332

,**,

3 *** ,**,

,**.

++* -1 /+ ,**2

+

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; ;

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Pore

Volume

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mm

mm

:

;

et al.,

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Schematic view of experimental setup

mm,

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Selected properties of four

T-C T-NECpH H O

( kg kg ) (dS m ) ( kg kg )

mm

: :

MKCl

H O mm

cm

cm . cm s

. mm

.

cm s

.

cm

EC

B- Horiba

. mm, EC S cm S cm

. cm,

. g,

. g, . g Ca, Mg, K, Na

SOLAAR M , UNICAM Cl SO

Quanta E,

Waters NH -N, NO -N, PO -P, T-N, T-P

TRAACS , BRAN-LUEBBE EC

EC

Table

- -,,

,, + + - +

+

+

+

,

-

.

/

,

-

-

-

.

. - .

++* ,**2

+* +*

,24.. 0420 ++4,. -,24/ .*42

+243- 04., +-4++ -,343 -341

+.41/ 24+- +,4,2 -0/4- ,241

+,40+ 04.2 34-1 -/24+ ,042

/

+ +* ,***

,

/ +*

1

+

-1 + /1 +*

* + +-

+ + /1

+*

. / / 2

+**

+* +1-

1 / +* ,* /*

+ /

+

/

,

* -/ ,

* 2 * ,/

0

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2** ,/

+

+

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kinds of cattle manure compost

P O K O CaO MgO NH -N NO -NC/N

( kg kg ) ( kg kg )

Ca, Mg, K, Na NO -N, PO -P, Pore Volume

T-N, T-P . cm

NH -N

. mm, mmol KNO

. mm

mm

mm, . cm EC

HTV N- KP, HY-NET :

CR X, Campbell

BTC

. . .

cm

pH pH pH B- . cm mmol

Horiba KNO

. . NO

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. cm s

: Pore Volume

Pore Volume

. cm

BTC

l

l

Pore Volume

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24- +14+ ,34/ ,*4. 342 24, +14.

+,41 -,41 --4- +14/ +,4+ +41 +41

+-4. -24. -040 +04/ +.4/ +4, .4,

+331 , - 1

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1 / +*

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Change in pore water pressure at two points in the saturated sand layer during

the nutrient release experiment

EC

. KNO cm

a A KNO

. cm :

b . cm : . cm

Pore

Volume BTC

B C NO -N

. mg NO -N

. mg

KNO B C

NO

BTC

PV

NO . PV NO

Fig.

Pore Volume

--

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Typical pattern of drainage flux versus time during the nutrient release experiment

Selected physical properties of the sand column

kg kg

mm

BTC Pore Volume

tailing NO

. . . Pore

Volume . . cm

BTC . . . BTC

BTC EC a

PV e EC Pore

BTC PV Volume EC

BTC EC

Pore Volume

EC

Fig.

Table

EC

, +

-

-

+*

+.4. +*4, +-41 +4,, *4,- *4-+

142 +*4, +,4/ +4,1 *4,/ *4-+

1*41 ,-40 +40+ *431

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1. , 1/ 2

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Pore volume EC

EC versus cumulative drainage in the experiment for determining pore volume

KNO

Breakthrough curves in response to the pulse-like inputs of KNO solution

b d

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EC : a b c

d e

Breakthrough curves for EC of drained water : (a) chemical fertilizer, (b) N-enriched

cattle manure compost, (c) N-enriched cattle manure compost pellet, (d) cattle manure

compost, (e) cattle manure compost pellet

c e

EC EC

EC

b e

NO

EC

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EC pore volume BTC

Pore volumes at which the peak ECs a e

were observed in the nutrient release

experimentsH PO HPO

Run PV

Run a EC a

Run

Run

NO , Cl Ca, MgRun

ECRun

bRun

K, NH , Na NORun

RunCl, NO

Rund

K NH Na

NO EC c

BTC

c

BTC Cl, NO EC

a e

e

SO

pH NO Cl

H PO HPO

b e

NH

NO

Ca, Mg

pK . . . NH H

p.

. pH . .

H PO HPO

p. NO

PO -P pH b c

pK H PO HPO

NO

Ca, Mg, K, NH , Na NO , Cl, SO , Harada and Inoko,

H PO HPO H

a e

H PO H PO H

H PO HPO H

HPO PO H

Table

BTC

, . .

-

. -

-

.

-

-

.

-

, . .

- . , .

,, . . .

, -. . -

.

,, . .

-

.

,, . .

-

. - .

, . .

++* ,**2

1 +

+ +4**

, +4*1 1 0

+ +4*0

,, +4+*

,+ +4--

, +4,+1 +

+ +4+1,

, +4+2

+ +41.,

, +4-31

-

0

1 ,

+

+

,

+

1 , +

1

. . ,

-

1

,**-

,

, +/ 1 ,* +, -/

-+1 +333 ,

, - 0 / 1 .

. ,

,*/ +331 ,

1

+

2

/

+32*

1 ,

-

-

- - ,

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Breakthrough curves for the cations and anions : (a) chemical fertilizer, (b) N-enriched cattle

manure compost, (c) N-enriched cattle manure compost pellet, (d) cattle manure compost, (e)

cattle manure compost pellet

( P : The sum of phosphorous concentration originated from H PO and HPO )

Fig.

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The relationship between the positive and negative charge in the drained water

collected during the nutrient release experiments

NH -N NO -N T-N

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.

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EC : .

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Harada, Y. and Inoko, A. ( ) : The measurement of

BTC the cation-exchange capacity of composts for the

: estimation of the degree of maturity, Soil Sci.

EC Plant Nutr., ( ) : .

:

: .

NO Cl :

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:

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: .

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:

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Wang, Y., Yamamto, K. and Yakushido, K. ( ) : N

Release from Livestock Waste Compost Pellets

in Barley Fields, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., : .

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