2008 03 19 El camino al desarrollo humano Michael Lebowitz 9ab
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ARAGUCHI RAKAWA ANAKA USABA
AKUSHIDO AMADA
*
: BTC
Noburo H *, Yusuke A *, Akihiro T *, Takashi K *,
Ken-ichi Y * and Ichiro Y *
* National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Agricultural Research Center
for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto , Japan
Currently, various types of livestock manure composts have been developing for application to
farmlands as an organic fertilizer. Nutrients released from these newly developed composts play
an important role in the overall chemical dynamics in soils. In the traditional methods, such as
an incubation method, the nutrient release patterns were measured under soil-compost mixing
conditions, in which the major cations and anions were not analyzed precisely. Thus, in this
study, a new method for measuring early nutrient release pattern from composts was developed
using sand column mixed with manure compost and was applied for analyzing the nutrient
release patterns for four kinds of cattle manure compost. A sand column of . cm height and of
cm diameter, having the unsaturated sand layer of . cm height mixed with compost overlain
the saturated sand layer of cm height, was prepared. Distilled water was supplied to the top of
the column at a constant rate and the pattern of the nutrient concentration in drained water was
measured. This could be evaluated as BTC normalized with pore volume. This method per-
formed well in detecting the delayed release of nutrients and the increase in the released K in the
pelletized composts compared with the traditional ones.
: Livestock manure compost, Nutrient release pattern, Sand column, Breakthrough
curve (BTC)
CO
, ;
* * * * * *
A New Method for Measuring Early Nutrient Release Pattern from
Manure Compost Using Sand Column and its Application to
Some Kinds of Cattle Manure Compost
J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
No. , p.
Abstract
Key words
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Selected properties of four
T-C T-NECpH H O
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cm
cm . cm s
. mm
.
cm s
.
cm
EC
B- Horiba
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. cm,
. g,
. g, . g Ca, Mg, K, Na
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EC
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kinds of cattle manure compost
P O K O CaO MgO NH -N NO -NC/N
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42
Change in pore water pressure at two points in the saturated sand layer during
the nutrient release experiment
EC
. KNO cm
a A KNO
. cm :
b . cm : . cm
Pore
Volume BTC
B C NO -N
. mg NO -N
. mg
KNO B C
NO
BTC
PV
NO . PV NO
Fig.
Pore Volume
--
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Typical pattern of drainage flux versus time during the nutrient release experiment
Selected physical properties of the sand column
kg kg
mm
BTC Pore Volume
tailing NO
. . . Pore
Volume . . cm
BTC . . . BTC
BTC EC a
PV e EC Pore
BTC PV Volume EC
BTC EC
Pore Volume
EC
Fig.
Table
EC
, +
-
-
+*
+.4. +*4, +-41 +4,, *4,- *4-+
142 +*4, +,4/ +4,1 *4,/ *4-+
1*41 ,-40 +40+ *431
+*
32 0 32 2 32 3
1. , 1/ 2
* 22 * 3* * 3+
+ / 0
+ , -
+ -
, , - + ,
+
+ ,
-
-
,
,
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- - +
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# � $� ��$ # # #
$ # # $ ## # #
%&�'() * +
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44
Pore volume EC
EC versus cumulative drainage in the experiment for determining pore volume
KNO
Breakthrough curves in response to the pulse-like inputs of KNO solution
b d
EC EC
a
EC EC
Fig.
Fig.
-
-
++* ,**2
0
,
0
- , . ,
,
.
.
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45:
EC : a b c
d e
Breakthrough curves for EC of drained water : (a) chemical fertilizer, (b) N-enriched
cattle manure compost, (c) N-enriched cattle manure compost pellet, (d) cattle manure
compost, (e) cattle manure compost pellet
c e
EC EC
EC
b e
NO
EC
.
Fig.
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46
EC pore volume BTC
Pore volumes at which the peak ECs a e
were observed in the nutrient release
experimentsH PO HPO
Run PV
Run a EC a
Run
Run
NO , Cl Ca, MgRun
ECRun
bRun
K, NH , Na NORun
RunCl, NO
Rund
K NH Na
NO EC c
BTC
c
BTC Cl, NO EC
a e
e
SO
pH NO Cl
H PO HPO
b e
NH
NO
Ca, Mg
pK . . . NH H
p.
. pH . .
H PO HPO
p. NO
PO -P pH b c
pK H PO HPO
NO
Ca, Mg, K, NH , Na NO , Cl, SO , Harada and Inoko,
H PO HPO H
a e
H PO H PO H
H PO HPO H
HPO PO H
Table
BTC
, . .
-
. -
-
.
-
-
.
-
, . .
- . , .
,, . . .
, -. . -
.
,, . .
-
.
,, . .
-
. - .
, . .
++* ,**2
1 +
+ +4**
, +4*1 1 0
+ +4*0
,, +4+*
,+ +4--
, +4,+1 +
+ +4+1,
, +4+2
+ +41.,
, +4-31
-
0
1 ,
+
+
,
+
1 , +
1
. . ,
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1
,**-
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, +/ 1 ,* +, -/
-+1 +333 ,
, - 0 / 1 .
. ,
,*/ +331 ,
1
+
2
/
+32*
1 ,
-
-
- - ,
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-. /0�1*234����56�78�9:;�<:=>?@��ABC
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47:
BTC : a b c
d e
P H PO HPO P
Breakthrough curves for the cations and anions : (a) chemical fertilizer, (b) N-enriched cattle
manure compost, (c) N-enriched cattle manure compost pellet, (d) cattle manure compost, (e)
cattle manure compost pellet
( P : The sum of phosphorous concentration originated from H PO and HPO )
Fig.
,, . .
,, . .
1
1
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48
The relationship between the positive and negative charge in the drained water
collected during the nutrient release experiments
NH -N NO -N T-N
.
.
K . .
H PO
HPO T-P P
BTC
T-N T-P
NO
NH
c
K h
Ca K
NO K
Cl, SO , H PO HPO
Fig.
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EC : .
:
: .
Harada, Y. and Inoko, A. ( ) : The measurement of
BTC the cation-exchange capacity of composts for the
: estimation of the degree of maturity, Soil Sci.
EC Plant Nutr., ( ) : .
:
: .
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:
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NO -N
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Wang, Y., Yamamto, K. and Yakushido, K. ( ) : N
Release from Livestock Waste Compost Pellets
in Barley Fields, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., : .
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