.~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 1::-.+.-::.:--.-:-:.:. :- :. -:-::- --:: -:-aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ txl;aqmif;yg; ABSDF.~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 2.~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 3::-.+.-::.:--.-:-:.:. :- :. -:-::- --:: -:-aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ txl;aqmif;yg; ABSDF~~.-.._._-._....-._-_ -- ---.. , --.-.-_--. ..----...--POLARIS BURMESE LIBRARY ( SINGAPORE ).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 4.~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 5 16 September 2009 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2009-09-16-voa1.cfm (Navi Pillay) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 6 , (John Yettaw) NLD (Mr. Ban Ki-moon) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 7 HIV 15 September 2009 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2009-09-15-voa6.cfm HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 8 HIV ARV 3D Fund 3D Fund , ARV 3D Fund HIV/AIDS , , ARV , 3D Fund AIDS HIV/AIDS HIV HIV AIDS HIV ARV ARV ARV ARV NGO .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 9 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS - 14 September 2009 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2009-09-14-voa1.cfm - - () (%) (%) (%) - () - - - -- .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 10 () () () - () - - - - - () () () () () - () () () - () -- (,) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 11 () KNU DKBA 2009-09-15http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/clashes_break_out_in_karen_region-09152009140249.html/story_main?textonly=1 KNU DKBA KNU - (Photo: AFP) KNU RFA .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 12- DKBA KNU KNU KNU 2009-09-15http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/burma_transition_discussed_in_czech-09152009100559.html/story_main?textonly=1Promoting Partnership for Transition in Burma Prague BurmaCenter Prague BCP - Prague (Photo: AFP).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 13 BCP press conference donationcampaign press conference RFA 2009-09-14http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/dissidents_support_monks_movement-09142009132530.html/story_main?textonly=1 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 14 (Photo: AFP) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 15 2009-09-14http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/poor_hygiene_in_moulmein_prison-09142009152026.html/story_main?textonly=1 () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 16 2009-09-14 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/two_politician_to_run_in_election-09142009162439.html/story_main?textonly=1 RFA RFA RFA .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 17 RFA RFA RFA RFA .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 18 RFA 2009-09-14 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/ox_trafficking_in_arakan-09142009164000.html/story_main?textonly=1 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 19 RFA 2009-09-15 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/two_child_soldiers_imprisoned-09152009104536.html/story_main?textonly=1 ILO .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 20 RFA - , (Photo: AFP) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 21 ILO 2009-09-15http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/alliance_of_burma_to_hold_discussion_at_united_nations-09152009111839.html/story_main?textonly=1 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 22 RFA 2009-09-15http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/authorities_preparing_for_coming_election-09152009115038.html/story_main?textonly=1 RFA .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 23 (Photo: AFP) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 24 2009-09-15http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/children_recruited_for_%20future_use_in_%20military-09152009121500.html/story_main?textonly=1 - RFA RFA () () () (Photo: AFP).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 25 2009-09-15http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/lack_of_medical_treatment_for_jailed_monk-09152009134555.html/story_main?textonly=1 (Photo: AFP) RFA .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 26 2009-09-15 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/politicians_opinion_on_election-09152009152426.html/story_main?textonly=1 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 27 (Photo: AFP) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 28 RFA () () () ().~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 29 () () ( ) ( ) ( .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 30 ) SSA-S ( ) ( ) ( ) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 31 NEJ / () () () () (,) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 32 () / http://www.khitpyaing.org/news/Sep09/160909e.php () () (,) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 33 () / http://www.khitpyaing.org/news/Sep09/160909d.php () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 34() () () () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 35 -- 16 2009 14 23 () - ( ) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 36 - () - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 37 16 2009 20 15 () (EGAT) - (JDA) JDA (Channa) EGAT Wirat Kanchanapibun .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 38 EGAT Srinakarin EGAT Srinakarin EGAT ( PTT Public Co. Ltd.) Panu Sutthirat '' (PetronasCorp.) '' '' PTT '' Manoon Siriwan '' '' .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 39 - 15 2009 - -() () - () - () () () - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 40 - (KIO) (MNDAA) (UWSA ) (NDAA ) - - ICG // Mongyang: Burmas West BerlinWEDNESDAY, 16 SEPTEMBER 2009 16:05 S.H.A.N.The 1,000 household town surrounded by the Wa and Mongla armies, 102 kmnortheast of Shan State East capital Kengtung, certainly reminds one of the ColdWar era West Berlin, deep inside East Germany before the unification in 1990.It sits on a plain surrounded by mountains. In the northwest, north, east and southare Wa and Mongla forces. Any assistance for the two undersized infantrybattalions there, IB 279 and IB 281, in the event of a siege, as it was for two weeks,26 August 9 September, could only be from Mongkhark, some 25 km in thesouthwest, where the Burma Army has been deployed in full battle array.The siege was lifted only the day before when a 15 men delegation from Chinavisited the Wa headquarters Panghsang and after a series of visits and letters byBurma Army commanders giving full assurance that at least Mongla, theheadquarters of the Was ally National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA),otherwise known as Shan State Special Region #4, that they were entertaining noaggressive plans against it.For the residents of Mongyang, the situation is a sharp reminder of what happened21 years earlier..~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 416 days after the military takeover by Gen Saw Maung on 18 September, theCommunist Party of Burma (CPB) launched an attack on the town. The rebelsseized the town in a matter of hours, remembered a townsman. But it lasted onlysix days.A massive counter-offensive by air and land forces forced the then communisttroops to abandon it. The present Secretary-1 Gen Tin Aung Myint Oo, Iremember, won the Thiha Thura medal of valor during this operation, recalledanother towner.The fighting and the wreckage it brought, to most of the people, was bad enough.Worse than that were the portering during the operation and the looting and rapesthat followed, said a native who recently arrived at the Thai-Burma border town ofTachilek. So when we heard that the Burma Army had taken Kokang and up totheir tricks again there and that the next target is Mongla, we all decided to leave.They certainly have ample reasons to worry. One at least appears to beconstitutional, according to a Wa source.The constitution, drafted without taking into consideration of our demands, saysthe Wa Self-Administered Division will have 6 townships: Hopang, Pangwai,Napharn, Mongmai, Panghsang and Markmang (also written Metman and knownas Mawfa to the locals), he said.They later told us we should return Mongpawk to Mongyang in return for Hopangand the 171st Military Region (along the Thai-Burma border) in return forMarkmang. We are never going to accept that.The NDAA has also been informed by Naypyitaw to return Hsaleu to Mongyang inreturn for its designation of Mongla as a township separate from Kengtung. To no.~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 42ones surprise, the NDAA has refused to consider the matter.So far, about 50-60% of the townspeople have returned, said a shopkeeper.But we are far from feeling confident of the situation, she said. Naturally we aregetting ourselves ready to leave at short notice, despite assurances by the Army. 16 September 2009 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2009-09-16-voa4.cfm (-fbppn ).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 43 - (AAPP) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 44 AAPP , AAPP 16 September 2009 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2009-09-16-voa5.cfm SB .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 45 Burmese junta and KIO to meet over KIA deadlockin early OctoberWritten by KNGWednesday, 16 September 2009 16:15Representatives of the Burmese military junta and Kachin Independence Organization(KIO) will meet in an attempt to resolve the deadlock over transforming the KachinIndependence Army (KIA), the armed-wing of KIO to the junta-proposed battalion of theBorder Guard Force (BGF) in early October, said KIO sources.KIO officers in Laiza headquarters on the Sino-Burma border in Kachin State said themeeting is slated to be held on October 2 before the October 30 deadline set by the junta totransform the KIA and the rest of the ethnic ceasefire groups in the country to the BurmeseArmy-controlled BGF.The KIO was told to come up with a clear "Yes or No" answer on the transformation by Lt-Gen Ye Myint, the junta's Chief Naypyitaw negotiator and Chief of Military AffairsSecurity when he met KIO delegates led by Vice-president No. 1 Lt-Gen Gauri Zau Seng inMyitkyina, the capital of Kachin State on September 9, said KIO delegates.According to KIO delegates, the junta-proposed BGF will be set up with a total manpowerof 326 in a battalion including the direct participation of 30 officers of the Burmese Army.The battalion commander will be from KIA but his deputy commander must be from theBurmese Army..~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 46KIA soldiers in Laiza headquarters on China-Burma border in Northern Burma.KIA soldiers over 50 years old will not be accepted in the BGF. All military personnel inthe BGF will be under the direct control of the Military Chief of Staff of the BurmeseArmy. They will receive military training, weapons, rations and salary from the BurmeseArmy, added KIO sources.Since April, delegates from both sides have met seven times but the imbroglio over theKIAs transformation has not been resolved, said KIO officers.The junta in turn has rejected the KIO's demands for transforming KIA to the KachinRegional Guard Force (KRGF) and the direct participation of KIO people in a new KachinState government after next years elections.Two attempts were made to explain the KIO's demands to the junta supremo Snr-Gen ThanShwe in July and August by a group of civilian peace mediators led by Rev. Dr, LahtawSaboi Jum, former general secretary of the Kachin Baptist Convention (KBC) and thecurrent director of Shalom Foundation (also called Nyein Foundation), a national NGO inthe country. However the attempts were thwarted as no meeting was allowed, according toKIO sources.KIO delegates said the junta in every meeting with the KIO said that it was concerned anddesired transforming KIA to BGF, which was the same as the KIO/KIA.At the moment, the KIO is the strongest and the last remaining Kachin ceasefire group,which has rejected the junta's BGF proposal among the four main ethnic Kachin ceasefiregroups in the country..~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 47 Jane Birkin 2009-09-16http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/british_actress_urges_japanese_politicians-09162009130541.html/story_main?textonly=1 - Ms. Jane Birkin () - (Photo: AFP)A.I ( ) - Ms. Jane Birkin Ms. Jane Birkin A.I A.I Ms.Yokozawa ( ) - Ms. JaneBirkin A.I Ms.Yokozawa .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 48 ( ) A.I 2009-09-16http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/burma_transition_seminar_in_czech-09162009140559.html/story_main?textonly=1 Prague - (Photo: RFA) Burma Center Prague BCP BCP .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 49 panel society social imperative panel panel possible ways to meet challenges panel - Prague 2009-09-16http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/communication_cut_off_from_detention_camp-09162009151553.html/story_main?textonly=1 KLIA NLD .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 50 KLIA (Photo: AFP) UNHCR NLD UNHCR human rights KLIA .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 51 2009-09-16http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/fish_population_decreased_in_storm_hit_delta-09162009144735.html/story_main?textonly=1 (Photo: AFP) - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 52 Freeda RFA 14 2009 - oo o coo:o :e.zs cM+oco o o o:o co| oc o cc:o o o: occ = oco o o o: o co| o o: coo =o: ooo o o: o|c cc c oo: ocoo ccc: co oo |otooot.ooo. c.s.s couc o oo c oo o o ococ oc: o: oo oc co: o co o| o co: oo c o: co: oco cc c o: o o: o co| oo cc:o o o: coc =o: oo oo o c co o oc cc:o c oc oo o oo o: o oo oc o|oo c cc c oo: ocoo ccc:co ooo ooo ooc co| o c co oo o ooco co :o| oo . o o: oco o: oo: co :o:o co oo oo o ooo: coco c:o o c o oo o c coo o o oo o o o coo| c oo =o co :o| oo . oco: co oo o oo :oo oo oc oc o: coo o o: cc oo o oo oo o o:o oco oo o coo oc o oo oc ooo o:o ooc cooo ooo c co :o o| .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 53oco cc co: ooo co: oo ooo oc co oo co|o ooc c co oc ooo o co:o ooo oc c o o: =o = co o o oo: coo o c:o cc c co o= oc o o: o co| o o:c oo = o:o co: oc co oo oo o|c =o| oo . oco o o o: o co| o o:co oo ooc oo: o oo oo c o c:o c c c coo ooo o coo c oo o o o o: coo c oc co o| oo c oco: co oo o co := o|oo . oco oo c:oc o o: o coo o:=o o o o co cc o|oo coo co:o o o o :oc =c o c o oc oo oo o o:= oo cc c oo: oo oo co o co:c co co cc oo: o oo o co :o o:oo| oo . () () () All BurmaStudents' Democratic Front (ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' "() () " () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 54 (European Community) () (QuasiFederal) (Ethnic National Libration Movements) () () - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 55 () () () () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 56 () () () (Nation) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 57 () (Unitary state) (Confederation) () () () () () - ( ) (Self-.~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 58determination) () () () () () () () () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 59 () - - - - - - - - () - - - - () - - - - - - - - - - - - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 60 () - - - - - - - - - - - () - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 61- - () "() - () () - " () All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' " () " " " ( - ) () (Country) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 62 (Nationstate) (City Government) (Province Government) (State Government) (Local Government) (Unit Located) (Citizen) (Formal Independence) (Earth Surface) (Legal Status) (Alien) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 63 (Persons andInstitutions) () (A defined territory)() (A permanentpopulation)() (An effectivegovernment)() (The capacity to enter into relations withother states) (Nationalities) () (Territory and Boundary) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 64 () (Common Language andLiterature) (Bilingual) (Trilingual) () (Common Culture) () (Political Desire) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 65() (Common History) Nation State Nation State Nation State Nation-State - Nation -State Nation-State State-Nation Nation-State .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 66 State-Nation Nation-State State-Nation Nation-State State-Nation (Part Nation-State) - - Multi Nation-State - (Kurd) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 67 (WorkingGroup on Indigenous People WGIP) -() () (From of the Nation-State) () (Unitary State)() (Confederation)() (Federal Union) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 68 () (Nationalism) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 69 . . .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 70 () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 71 (Sovereign Power) (Sovereignty) (sovereign) (Jane Bodim) Jane Bodim (Governmental Institutions) (Unitedkingdom) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 72 (EuropeanCommunity) (Federal European) ( ) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 73 - (International Law) () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 74 () () () (Written Constitution) () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 75() () () () () () (Executive Power)() (Legislative Power)() (Judicial Power) () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 76 (Core) (Closely Independence) () "() - () - " () All BurmaStudents' Democratic Front (ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' " () " .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 77 () (" " - ) () (Unitary State) ( ) () " " () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 78 (Dual System) (Fused System) () (Dual System) (Dual System) (Local Council) (Interest Basic) (Responsibility Basic) ( ) (Decentralized State) () (Fused System) (Fused System) (perzect) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 79 (Commissioner of the Public) " (CentralizedStates)" (Confederation) " " .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 80 -() () ( ) ( ) () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 81 (NATO) (Warsaw Pact) (Commonwealth ofIndependent State - CIS) CIS CIS CIS (British Commonwealth) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 82 - (ASEAN) ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN EC (European Community) EC (ECSC) (EEC) (EAEC) ECSC EC EC European Union (EU) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 83 (Covenants) (Treaties) () "() - () - () - () - () - () " () All Burma Students' Democratic Front(ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' " () " () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 84 ( ) (Nation State) Riker (Federalism, 1975) " " ( ) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 85 - ( ) () - () - () - () - () - CONFEDERATION FEDERAL .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 86 -() (Republics)() (States)() (Cantons)() (Autonomous Provinces)() (Autonomous Regions)() (Union Territories)() (National Areas).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 87 ( - ) (County) (Township) (Word) () () (PluralSociety) (Unity of Diversity) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 88 () () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 89 () - () () () () () () ( ) (Lander) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 90 (Hamburg) (Berlin) (City-State) (Bundesrat) ( ) (Council of States) (Soviet of Nationalities) - (Union Republics) (Autonomous Republics) (Autonomous Territories) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 91 (Genuine Federal ) (Moderate Federal) (Nations) (Ethnic Group) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 92 () ( ) ( ) () " (Exclusive Power)" A = B = .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 93 (Concurrent Power) A = B = C = () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 94 () () () (Residuary Power) () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 95 [ () () " " ] (Yes) (No) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 96 F = R = FR = C = Fr = X+ = ( ) (Upper House) (Lower House) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 97 (Council States) (Senate) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 98 (Quasi-Federal) ( ) () (Non-confidence) (Dissolution of Parliament) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 99 (House ofRepresentatives) ( Governer General) (Governmental Institution) () ( ) () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 100 (General Election) -() (Universal Suffrage)() (Secret Voting)() (Free)() (Direct Election)() (Equal) (Plural Society) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 101 (Proportional Representation) (Bicameral Legislature) (Concensus Democracy) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 102 () () () (Congress) (Militia) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 103 () () ( ) (Coat of Arms) (Serb) () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 104 / () (Division of Power Between Center and the State)() (Supremacy ofConstitution)() (Written Constitution)() (RigidConstitution)() (Special Judiciary) / / / .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 105 (Quasi-Federal) - / - - () () ( - ).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 106 ( )[ ] ' ' NLD ( ) PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE: Towards Federal Union of Burma Series No. (9) ( - ) " " ( ) (Federal) () () ()( ) () () ( ) () () () () () () () () () () () "() - () - () - " () All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF) ( ) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 107' (Federal)' " () " () ( - ) () (Josef SilverStein) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 108 (DAB) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 109 (Nation State) - (Austro- Hangarian) (Wodro Wilson) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 110 " " (National In From Socialist in Content) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 111 (Indigenous People) () (Multi EthnicState) () ( ) (TheRights of Indigenous People) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 112 ( Aborigines - ) (Ethnic Nationalities) (Martin Smith) (Amnesty International) (Ethnic Nation).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 113 (Majority) (Minority) (Minority Rights) - - - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 114 (Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) () - " (Religious) (Linguistic) " (Herb Feith) (Alan Smit) Self- determination In the 1990; the Need for UN Guide Line andMachinery to Resolve Ethno Nationalists (Ethno Nationalists) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 115 (Autonamy) (First Generation) (Second Generation) (The Minority RightsGroup) " " " .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 116 " (A. Rego Sureda) (The Evolution of the Right of Self-determination) (Divid P. Forsythe) " " (Human Rights and Development) / .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 117 (Selfgovernment) - - / / / / .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 118 / () (National in from Socialist in Content) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 119 (DAB) "Autonomy" (Self-government) (Immanuel Kant, 1724-1804) " - Freedom" (Litmited Independence) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 120 (Social Cleavages) () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 121 (SocialistRepublic) / () (Russia Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 122() (Uzbek Soviet SocialistRepublic) () (Georgian SovietSocialist Republic) () (AzerbaijanSoviet Socialist Republic) () (Tajik Soviet SocialistRepublic) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 123 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 124 / .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 125 [ (BJP -Bharatiya Janata Party) West Bengal ( ) Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Rajasthan Haryana Mizoram Manipur Union Territory Delhi Assam Goa Maharashtra Pondicherry ] .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 126 ( Bundestag) (Propotional Repreaentation) (Plurality System) (ConsociationalDemocracy) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 127 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 128 - - .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 129 () () () () All BurmaStudents' Democratic Front (ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' " () " "() - " () - () (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - USSR AdministrativeDivisions Map, 1989) () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 130 (Bicameral) (Supreme Soviet) (Soviet of the Union) (Soviet of the Nationalities) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 131 (Presidium) ( ) ( ) ( " [ ]" ) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 132 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 133 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 134 ( ) (Perestroika) (Glasnost) (NewUnion Treaty) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 135 (KGB) () () () () All BurmaStudents' Democratic Front (ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' " () " "() - " (Administrative Map of Switzerland Nations Online Project) () (Confederation) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 136 (Head of State) (Head of Government) (FederalCouncil) (President) (Collegial Executive) (Consociational Democracy) (Plural Society) (Segment) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 137 () (Foreign Affairs)() (Interior)() (Justice and Police)() (Military)() (Finance)() (Public Economy)() (Transport, Communication and Energy) (Chancellor) (FederalAssembly) (Counil of States) (National Council) (Half Conton) (Indirect Election) () () () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 138 (Finicial) (Money Bill) ( ) () ( ) / () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 139() () () () () () / (Popular Sovereignty) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 140 () () () () All BurmaStudents' Democratic Front (ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' " () " "() - " (India States and Union Territories) () .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 141 .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 142 / Y (Quasi-Federal) (Union Territories) (HalfCanton) (Territory) (Autonomous Republic) ( ) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 143 ( ) (Dr. Ambedker) () () () () (Supreme Court) (Governor) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 144 [ ' ' ] () () () () All BurmaStudents' Democratic Front (ABSDF) () ' (Federal)' " () " "() - " " " (Canada Political Map).~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 145 () (Quebec) (Montreal) (Governor General) (ParlimentaryDemocracy) (Presidential Democracy) (Act) (Statute) British NorthAmerice Act 1867, the Westministet Statute 1931, The Constitytion Act 1982 (Dorminion State) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 146 (Senate) (House of Commons) (Political Tribunal) , , (Provice) (Territory) (Yukan Territory) (Northwest Territory) (Ontario) (Quebec) .~~~.~...~ ..~.~ ~~~ ~~~.~.~~ ...~~~~..-.._._-. _....-._-_ - - -- -.. , -- ...--.=.- ...... - . 147 (pdf) ( 2.0 MB) Bibliography- Michael G. 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