05-陳振義 revised-3 p257-264 - TARIweb.tari.gov.tw/csam/CEB/member/publication/9(4)/05.pdf ·...

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257 臺東原生藥用植物「骨碎補」柚皮苷含量之分析 陳振義 1 *、陳進分 1 、吳金濱 2 1 行政院農業委員會臺東區農業改良場 2 中國醫藥大學藥物化學研究所 摘要 柚皮苷(naringin) ,為已知具有效降低血 壓、膽固醇和血脂等功效之化合物,又具心 肌保護作用,亦為良好抗氧化劑。本試驗材 料採集自臺東縣卑南鄉、海端鄉及蘭嶼鄉等 地野生種,包括闊葉骨碎補(Davallia solida) 及海州骨碎補(Davallia mariesii) 等二種骨碎 補科(Davalliaceae)植物、陰石蕨屬(Humata) 植物的杯狀蓋陰石蕨(Humata griffithiana) 以及水龍骨科 (Polypodiaceae) 槲蕨屬 (Drynaria)植物的槲蕨(Drynaria fortunei) ,共 四種原生植物,合計 110 株。本試驗經 HPLC 分析結果,僅槲蕨(Drynaria fortunei)之柚皮 苷含量 10.5 mg g -1 ,百分比約為 1.05 %,可 供日後利用之參考。 關鍵詞︰骨碎補科、骨碎補、槲蕨、成分分 析、柚皮苷、高效液相層析法。 Analysis of Naringin in the Native Medicinal Plant Gusuibuof Taitung Chen-I Chen 1 *, Jinn-Fen Chen 1 and Jin-Bin Wu 2 1 Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Taitung 95055, T a i w a n R O C 2 Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ROC ABSTRACT Naringin is a chemical known to having function of myocardial protection. It has been found to effectively reduce blood pressure and contents of cholesterol and blood lipids. It has also being considered as a good substance of anti-oxidants. In this experiment, a total of one hundred and ten plants of Davallia solida, Davallia mariesii, Humata griffithiana and Drynaria fortunei were collected from Townships of Peinan, Haiduan and Lanyu of Taitung County. By the analysis of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), results showed that only Drynaria fortunei contained naringin, approximately 10.5 mg of naringin per1 g of plant dry weight (1.05%). This particular species can be used for future study if extraction of naringin is of concern. Key words: Davalliaceae, Gusuibu, Drynaria fortunei, Component analysis, Naringin, HPLC. 前言 『骨碎補』始載於開竇本草,列為草部 下品款項中,記有:「味苦、溫、無毒。主破 血止血,補傷折。生江南。根著樹石上,有 毛。葉如菴。江西人呼為胡孫薑。一名石 。一名骨碎布」(Na et al. 1989)。又陳藏 器本草拾遺云:「開元皇帝以其主傷折,補骨 碎,故作此名耳」,可知於唐代已經廣為應用 (Na et al. 1988)。骨碎補科的蕨類是一種藥 草,可供藥用的部位是根莖,具有活血、止 痛、補腎等效果,大多為著生性種類,常 研究報告 * 通信作者, [email protected] 投稿日期:2012 11 5 接受日期:2012 12 18 作物、環境與生物資訊 9:257-264 (2012) Crop, Environment & Bioinformatics 9:257-264 (2012) 189 Chung-Cheng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41362, Taiwan ROC

Transcript of 05-陳振義 revised-3 p257-264 - TARIweb.tari.gov.tw/csam/CEB/member/publication/9(4)/05.pdf ·...

  • 257

    臺東原生藥用植物「骨碎補」柚皮苷含量之分析

    陳振義 1*、陳進分 1、吳金濱 2 1行政院農業委員會臺東區農業改良場

    2中國醫藥大學藥物化學研究所

    摘要

    柚皮苷(naringin),為已知具有效降低血壓、膽固醇和血脂等功效之化合物,又具心

    肌保護作用,亦為良好抗氧化劑。本試驗材

    料採集自臺東縣卑南鄉、海端鄉及蘭嶼鄉等

    地野生種,包括闊葉骨碎補(Davallia solida)及海州骨碎補(Davallia mariesii)等二種骨碎補科(Davalliaceae)植物、陰石蕨屬(Humata)植物的杯狀蓋陰石蕨(Humata griffithiana);以 及 水 龍 骨 科 (Polypodiaceae) 槲 蕨 屬(Drynaria)植物的槲蕨(Drynaria fortunei),共四種原生植物,合計 110株。本試驗經 HPLC分析結果,僅槲蕨(Drynaria fortunei)之柚皮苷含量 10.5 mg g-1,百分比約為 1.05 %,可供日後利用之參考。 關鍵詞︰骨碎補科、骨碎補、槲蕨、成分分

    析、柚皮苷、高效液相層析法。

    Analysis of Naringin in the Native Medicinal Plant ‘Gusuibu’ of Taitung Chen-I Chen1 * , Jinn-Fen Chen1 and Jin-Bin Wu2 1 Taitung District Agricultural Research and

    Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Taitung 95055, T a i w a n R O C

    2 Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ROC

    ABSTRACT Naringin is a chemical known to having

    function of myocardial protection. It has been found to effectively reduce blood pressure and contents of cholesterol and blood lipids. It has also being considered as a good substance of anti-oxidants. In this experiment, a total of one hundred and ten plants of Davallia solida, Davallia mariesii, Humata griffithiana and Drynaria fortunei were collected from Townships of Peinan, Haiduan and Lanyu of Taitung County. By the analysis of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), results showed that only Drynaria fortunei contained naringin, approximately 10.5 mg of naringin per1 g of plant dry weight (1.05%). This particular species can be used for future study if extraction of naringin is of concern. Key words: Davalliaceae, Gusuibu, Drynaria

    fortunei, Component analysis, Naringin, HPLC.

    前言

    『骨碎補』始載於開竇本草,列為草部

    下品款項中,記有:「味苦、溫、無毒。主破

    血止血,補傷折。生江南。根著樹石上,有

    毛。葉如菴蔄。江西人呼為胡孫薑。一名石

    菴蔄。一名骨碎布」(Na et al. 1989)。又陳藏器本草拾遺云:「開元皇帝以其主傷折,補骨

    碎,故作此名耳」,可知於唐代已經廣為應用

    (Na et al. 1988)。骨碎補科的蕨類是一種藥草,可供藥用的部位是根莖,具有活血、止

    痛、補腎等效果,大多為著生性種類,常

    研究報告

    * 通信作者 , [email protected] 投稿日期:2012 年 11 月 5 日 接受日期:2012 年 12 月 18 日 作物、環境與生物資訊 9:257-264 (2012) Crop, Environment & Bioinformatics 9:257-264 (2012) 189 Chung-Cheng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41362, TaiwanROC

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    長在樹幹或岩壁上。根莖較長呈匍匐

    狀,密佈灰白或黃褐色鱗片。葉柄和根

    莖連接處有「關節」。葉片輪廓三角形或

    五角形,每一葉片通常分得很細,孢子

    囊群就長在裂片凹陷處的小脈頂端,孢

    膜杯狀、管狀或鱗片狀等,向外開裂。

    相傳骨碎補科有許多種類的根莖為治療

    跌打損傷的藥材,即使連骨頭碎了都可

    以靠它們補起來,因而得名。曬乾的根莖

    浸酒服用,可治風濕、腰酸疼痛等,跌倒或

    腰膝部扭傷時,可將骨碎補的根莖和其他傷

    藥、酒水煎服,治療效果良好(Chung 2007)。 臺灣產骨碎補類藥材共計有水龍科

    (Polypodiaceae)的槲蕨[Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. SMITH]、崖薑蕨[Pseudodrynaria coronans (WALLICH) CHING],骨碎補科(Davalliaceae) 的 大 葉 骨 碎 補 (Davallia divaricata BLUME)、海州骨碎補 (Davallia mariesii MOORE ex BAKER)、闊葉骨碎補[Davallia solida (FORST) SWATZ]及杯蓋陰石蕨[Humata griffithiana (HOOKER) C. CHRISTENSEN]等六種來源植物,這些藥材在中藥上被運用在治療酸痛、抗發炎、抗

    癌、抗老化、活血化瘀及骨損傷 (Chung 2007)。其根莖味苦、性溫,被認為具有補腎強骨、續筋止痛之效,主要治療腎虛腰痛、

    耳鳴耳聾、牙齒鬆動、跌撲閃挫、筋骨折傷

    等症狀,另外治斑禿,白癜風等 (Lu 2002, Yuan 2001)。

    骨碎補之萃取物柚皮苷(naringin),被發現具有心肌保護的作用 (Rajadurai and Stanely 2006, Rajadurai and Stanely 2007),也是良好的抗氧化劑,可以抑制過多的自由基一氧化氮,減少對腎臟細胞的傷害

    (Singh and Chopra 2004, Shiratori et al. 2005),降低低密度脂蛋白的氧化、減少發炎反應、降低動脈粥硬化的發生等(Jeon et al. 2004, Jeong et al. 2007),又具有效降低血壓、膽固醇和血脂等功效(Gorinstein et al. 2005, Jeon et al. 2001, Shin et al.1999, Wei et

    al. 2007)。由於柚皮苷有降低血壓的功能,應避免與其他降血壓藥一起服用(Reshef et al. 2005, Hare and Elliott 2003)。在肥胖大白鼠的試驗模式中,發現此化合物可以有效降低

    大白鼠體重、低密度脂蛋白、膽固醇和血脂,

    未來有開發減重相關產品之潛力(Kim et al. 2006, Wei et al. 2007)。另柚皮苷和橙皮苷-Hesperidin 可以有效降低高血糖,抑制肝臟中醣解與提升醣質新生的作用,減少糖尿

    病發生的風險(Jeon et al., 2004)。柚皮苷也可以保護細胞中的 DNA,降低細胞突變,減少癌症的發生(Jagetia et al. 2007, Jagetia et al. 2003)。

    臺灣產骨碎補被認為係珍貴之藥材,植

    株又具觀賞價值,近年來由於該植物自然棲

    地過度開發與破壞,在民間濫採又未加復育

    下,使得骨碎補瀕臨滅絕。若能利用組織培

    養技術建立一套快速的無菌繁殖系統,將可

    使珍貴中草藥不致絕跡,復達到生態保育及

    響應政府發展農業多樣化之目標。本研究針

    對臺東地區原生骨碎補進行柚皮苷分析,並

    比較 4 種類似植物之萃取成分,期能提供臺灣產藥用植物資源開發研究與利用參考,以

    及未來大量人工繁殖用途。

    材料與方法

    一、試驗材料 本試驗材料於 2009年採集自臺東縣卑南

    鄉、海端鄉及蘭嶼鄉等地野生種,包括有槲

    蕨、杯蓋陰石蕨、闊葉骨碎補及海州骨碎補

    等四種。分別採取其一年生之根莖部位,用

    清水洗淨及稱其鮮重後存放備用。

    二、試驗方法 1. 試劑及溶劑: (1) 成分標準品:naringin (N1376-100G),純度 99.0,HPLC 等級,購自於 SIGMA。

    (2) 溶媒(劑):甲醇 (methanol; MeOH),HPLC 等級,購置於美國 Tedia 公司。

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    (3) 配 置 樣 品 及 移 動 相 的 去 離 子 水(deionized water 取自 Milli-Q System (Millipore , Bedford , MA ,USA)。

    2. 儀器: 以高效液相層析法 (High Performance

    Liquid Chromatography; HPLC):相關儀器設備規格如次:馬達 (pump): Shimadzu LC-10AD; 偵測器 (diode array detector: Shimadzu SPD-M10A; 溫度控制器(column oven): Shimadzu CTD-10A; 管柱(column): Mightysil RP-18 GP 250 mm × 4.6 mm (5 μm);及過濾膜(filter membrane): Millipore HPLC 0.45 μm。 3. 步驟: (1) 柚皮苷之標準品母液製備:

    秤取 20 mg柚皮苷標準品(naringin),溶於少許 HPLC 級的甲醇,完全溶解後再加入HPLC級的去離子水,配成 100 mL標準品母液,即為 200 ppm。再依體積稀釋法,配成10 ppm、25 ppm、50 ppm、100 ppm等 4種標準品,以分析、繪製檢量線。 (2) 檢品之製備:

    採取植物檢品一年生之根莖部位用水洗

    淨, 放入 70℃烘箱內,乾燥 12 h。隨後取檢品乾重約 1 g,利用 85% MeOH在 75℃下煎煮 2 h,再用濾紙過濾,並收集濾液,重複二次。合併濾液後,利用減壓濃縮機濃縮至

    乾,並秤乾重,取少量樣品以去離子水配置

    成 HPLC測定檢品。

    三、Naringin定量及定性分析 本試驗使用之方法與設定條件係依照

    Chen et al. (2006)及 Chen (2006)試驗方法修飾而成。 1. HPLC 測定方法: (1) 檢品配製

    將前述製備之測定檢品精稱約 75 mg,置於 10 mL定量瓶內,加入 85% MeOH 10 mL,並於超音波震盪器下震盪 10 min 溶解後,再以 0.45 μm 的濾膜過濾,所得即為 HPLC測定檢液。

    (2) 標準品配製 將購置於 Sigma公司之標準品 naringin

    精稱 10 mg,置於 10 mL 定量瓶內, 加入85% MeOH 10 mL,於超音波震盪器下震盪10 min溶解後,以 0.45 μm的濾膜過濾,所得即為 HPLC測定標準品溶液。 (3) 檢量線之繪製:

    將前述骨碎補指標成分柚皮苷配置的各

    種濃度 (10 ppm、25 ppm、50 ppm、100 ppm),再依上述的分析條件下,分別注入 20 μL 溶液進行 HPLC 分析,所得之積分值(共重複三次分析之平均值 )進行直線迴歸分析,所得回歸直線方程式繪成檢量線,又分

    別以成分之波峰面積比及滯留時間,來計算

    相對標準偏差。 2. 含量計算方法:

    的含量百分比檢品檢品之量

    標準品之量

    檢品注入量

    標準品注入量

    標準品測定值

    檢品測定值

    naringin )mL (mg)mL (mg

    xL) (L) (x

    (area)(area)

    1-

    1-=

    μμ

    結果與討論

    本研究主要目的在探討被視為中藥骨碎

    補的臺東地區野生槲蕨、海州骨碎補、闊葉

    骨碎補及杯狀蓋陰石蕨等 4 種植物,其等有

    效成分柚皮苷(naringin)之含量,並予比較其差異。首先將骨碎補植物中之指標成分

    naringin標準品進行 HPLC之量測分析,由結果發現 naringin 標準品在 12.2 min 時於282 nm 波長之層析圖譜中出現訊號,如 Fig. 1(A)及 Fig. 1(B),其波峰面積約為 1,600,000,可作為檢測樣品之對照圖譜。

    再以合適分析條件對不同濃度 naringin標準品進行定性及定量分析,結果如 Table 1。續由這些量測值之直線回歸分析,求得線性回歸方程式為 Y=815524X + 0.95086 (R2 = 0.9999) (Fig. 2)。此一回歸方程式即為參試植物檢品定量分析 naringin 檢量線,用以估算試材根莖部位中之 naringin含量。

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    Fig. 1. The standard spectrum of naringin at 282 nm (A) and the cover area (B) appeared at 12.2 min

    by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

    Fig. 2. The calibration curve and regression equation of naringin standards.

    Table 1. The average values of naringin standards measured at different concentrations (n = 3).

    Naringin concentration I II III Mean ± SD 10 ppm 316798 332,054 329,438 326,096.7 ± 8,158.4 25 ppm 828,570 821,655 821,602 823,942.3 ± 4,007.8 50 ppm 1,667,356 1,640,764 1,670,414 1,659,511.3 ± 16,307.5

    100 ppm 3,269,480 3,245,943 3,274,665 3,263,362.7 ± 15,307.0

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    將採集自臺東地區不同地點之各植物檢

    品進行 HPLC 分析,包括闊葉骨碎補[Figs. 3(A)及 3(B)]、海州骨碎補 [Figs. 4(A)及4(B)]、杯狀蓋陰石蕨[Figs. 5(A)及 5(B)]等 3種,經檢視在 12.2 min時於 282 nm波長之層析圖譜上皆無訊號產生。由此推測,闊葉

    骨碎補、海州骨碎補及杯狀蓋陰石蕨等 3 種植物根莖部位中,可能皆不含有有效成分

    naringin。惟槲蕨檢品於 12.2 min 時於 282 nm波長之層析圖譜上出現訊號[Figs. 6(A)及6(B)],並且出現與標準品類似之波峰,其波峰面積約為 1,060,000。綜合試驗分析結果,這 4 種植物檢品抽出物中似僅槲蕨含有naringin的成分,計算其 naringin含量百分比約為 8.57%。經換算原植物 1 g乾重中含有naringin約 10.5 mg (即 10.5 mg g-1),含量百分比為 1.05%。顯示槲蕨檢品在本試驗中存

    有 naringin成分,如 Chang (2007)試驗結果。 本研究利用 HPLC 進行臺東地區原產的

    野生槲蕨、海州骨碎補、闊葉骨碎補及杯狀

    蓋陰石蕨等 4種物種間之柚皮苷-naringin成分比較,由於目前仍缺乏足以代表骨碎補藥

    效之成分,僅比較作為骨碎補使用之物種間

    檢品成分 naringin含量的差異。依照 HPLC之分析結果,似僅槲蕨根莖中含有 naringin之成分,未來可供進一步利用之參考。

    誌謝

    本研究承蒙行政院農業委員會經費補助

    (計畫編號 98農科-4.2.1-東-E5),特此致謝。另中國醫藥大學藥物化學系吳金濱教授和臺

    中市臻里生物科技股份有限公司何惠雅博士

    於試驗技術及設備上提供之協助,使得本研

    究工作能順利完成,特申謝忱。

    Fig. 3. The spectrum at 282 nm (A) and the cover area appeared at 12.2 min (B) of samples extracted

    from Davallia solida by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

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    Fig. 4. The spectrum at 282 nm (A) and the cover area appeared at 12.2 min (B) of samples extracted

    from Davallia mariesii by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

    Fig. 5. The spectrum at 282 nm (A) and the cover area appeared at 12.2 min (B) of samples

    extracted from Humata griffithiana by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

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    Fig. 6. The spectrum at 282 nm (A) and the cover area appeared at 12.2 min (B) of samples

    extracted from Drynaria fortunei by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

    引用文獻

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    編輯─楊純明

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