MC LC1 GII THIU V CNG NGH WEB.........................................................................7 1.1 Gii thiu v mn hc............................................................................................7 1.2 Lch s pht trin cng ngh web..........................................................................8 1.2.1 Lch s ra i ca cng ngh web..................................................................8 1.2.2 Cc giai on pht trin ca cng ngh web...................................................9 1.3 Khi qut v cng ngh web................................................................................11 1.3.1 Khi nim v website....................................................................................11 1.3.2 Cc yu cu ti thiu ca mt Webiste.........................................................12 1.4 Nhng thnh phn cu to nn mt website.........................................................12 1.4.1 Ngn ng siu vn bn.................................................................................12 1.4.2 Ngn ng kch bn........................................................................................13 1.4.3 Cc thnh phn stypesheet............................................................................13 1.4.4 Ngn ng x l d liu pha server...............................................................13 2 THIT K WEBSITE VI HTML............................................................................17 2.1 Gii thiu v HTML............................................................................................17 2.1.1 Khi nim.....................................................................................................17 2.1.2 V d v to file HTML................................................................................17 2.1.3 S dng file vi HTM hay HTML................................................................18 2.2 Thnh phn ca HTML........................................................................................18 2.2.1 Cc dng th HTML.....................................................................................18 2.2.2 Thnh phn HTML.......................................................................................19 2.2.3 Cc thuc tnh ca th HTML......................................................................19 2.2.4 Cc loi th c bn HTML...........................................................................20 3 THIT K WEBSITE VI HTML............................................................................28 3.1 Cc loi th nng cao trong HTML......................................................................28 3.1.1 HTML layout................................................................................................28 3.1.2 HTML Fonts.................................................................................................28 Trang 1

3.1.3 Frames..........................................................................................................29 3.1.4 Bng HTML.................................................................................................30 3.1.5 Forms v trng nhp liu............................................................................34 4 THO LUN: CC BC XY DNG WEBSITE...............................................37 4.1 Tip cn d n (Initiation)....................................................................................37 4.2 Phn tch yu cu (Analisys, planning) ..................................................37

5 CASCADING STYLE SHEETS.................................................................................38 5.1 C bn v cascading style sheets.........................................................................38 5.1.1 Khi nim v Cascading style sheets (CSS)..................................................38 5.1.2 Cch s dng Style.......................................................................................38 5.2 Cc loi Style trong ng dng website.................................................................42 5.2.1 Style Sheet "ngoi" (External Style).............................................................42 5.2.2 Style sheet "ni" (Internal Style)...................................................................43 5.2.3 Style sheet "a phng" (Inline Style).........................................................44 5.2.4 S u tin:....................................................................................................45 6 THO LUN V XY DNG WEB S DNG CSS.............................................47 6.1 Cc tiu ch thit k giao din website.................................................................47 6.1.1 Mu sc.........................................................................................................47 6.1.2 Khung nhin...................................................................................................47 6.2 Khun ch...........................................................................................................47 7 NGN NG KCH BN JAVASCRIPT...................................................................48 7.1 Gii thiu v javascript........................................................................................48 7.1.1 Gii thiu v javascript.................................................................................48 7.1.2 Lch s pht trin..........................................................................................49 7.2 c im ca ngn ng javascript.......................................................................49 7.2.1 Nhng m javascript trong trang HTML.......................................................49 7.2.2 S dng th SCRIPT.....................................................................................50 7.2.3 S dng mt file ngun JavaScript ..............................................................50 7.2.4 Bin v cch khai bo bin...........................................................................52 Trang 2

7.2.5 iu khin r nhnh trong javascript............................................................56 7.2.6 Cc iu khin lp trong javascript...............................................................58 7.2.7 Mt s hm v th vin trong javascript ......................................................60 7.2.8 Xy dng cc hm v s kin trong javascript..............................................76 7.2.9 Xy dng i tng trong javascript............................................................81 8 TRUY CP THNH PHN D LIU VI JAVASCRIPT.....................................88 8.1 Khi nim DOM..................................................................................................88 8.2 Dng DOM truy xut n cc phn t trong ti liu HTML...........................90 8.3 Gii thiu v DHTML.........................................................................................91 8.3.1 Khi nim.....................................................................................................91 8.3.2 Cu trc trang DHTML................................................................................92 9 THO LUN CC BC XY DNG WEBSITE................................................94 10 XY DNG TRANG WEB NG........................................................................95 10.1 C bn v trang web ng..................................................................................95 10.1.1 Khi nim v trang web ng.....................................................................95 10.1.2 So snh gia trang web ng v trang web tnh..........................................96 10.2 Cu trc mt trang web......................................................................................97 10.3 Ngn ng c bn thng dng...........................................................................97 10.3.1 Servlet.........................................................................................................97 10.3.2 Servlet........................................................................................................97 10.3.3 ASP ............................................................................................................97 10.3.4 PHP.............................................................................................................98 10.3.5 ASP.NET....................................................................................................98 10.4 Gii thiu c bn v ngn ng ASP.NET..........................................................98 10.4.1 Khi nim v ngun gc xut x................................................................98 10.4.2 Nhng u im ni bt ca ASP.NET........................................................99 10.5 Cch thc thc thi mt trang web ng...........................................................100 10.5.1 Thc thi bn pha my ch vi ASP.NET.................................................100 10.5.2 Mi trng xy dng................................................................................101 Trang 3

10.5.3 Cch thc xy dng mt trang web ng n gin...................................104 11 CC I TNG IU KHIN C BN TRONG ASP.NET..........................111 11.1 iu khin c bn (Standard control).............................................................111 11.1.1 Label ........................................................................................................111 11.1.2 iu khin Literal.....................................................................................112 11.1.3 HyperLink ................................................................................................112 11.1.4 TextBox ...................................................................................................113 11.1.5 Image .......................................................................................................114 11.2 iu khin hp l d liu Validation...........................................................114 11.2.1 RequiredFieldValidator.............................................................................116 11.2.2 iu khin CompareValidator.................................................................117 11.2.3 iu khin RegularExpressionValidator..................................................119 11.2.4 iu khin CompareValidator..................................................................121 11.2.5 iu khin CustomValidator....................................................................124 11.2.6 iu khin ValidationSummary................................................................127 11.3 iu khin lm vic vi CSDL (Data Control)................................................130 11.4 iu khin Navigation.....................................................................................130 11.5 iu khin Login.............................................................................................130 11.6 iu khin Webpart.........................................................................................130 11.7 iu khin lm vic vi bo biu.....................................................................130 11.8 iu khin HTML............................................................................................130 12 CC I TNG V BIN TRONG ASP.NET.................................................134 12.1 Respone............................................................................................................134 12.1.1 i tng Response dng lm g ?......................................................134 12.1.2 Cc thnh phn (thuc tnh v phng thc) chnh..................................134 12.1.3 V d s dng............................................................................................134 12.2 Request............................................................................................................135 12.2.1 i tng Request dng lm g ?.........................................................135 12.2.2 Cc thnh phn (thuc tnh v phng thc) chnh..................................137 Trang 4

12.2.3 V d s dng............................................................................................137 12.3 Server...............................................................................................................139 12.3.1 i tng Server dng lm g ?...........................................................139 12.3.2 Cc thnh phn (thuc tnh v phng thc) chnh..................................139 12.3.3 V d s dng............................................................................................139 12.4 Application.......................................................................................................140 12.4.1 i tng Application dng lm g ?...................................................140 12.4.2 Khi nim bin ton ng dng..................................................................140 12.4.3 i tng Application..............................................................................140 12.5 Cookie..............................................................................................................141 12.5.1 Cookie lm vic nh th no?...................................................................141 12.5.2 To Cookies..............................................................................................141 12.5.3 c d liu t Cookies............................................................................144 12.5.4 Thit lp thuc tnh cho Cookies.............................................................145 12.5.5 Xa Cookies............................................................................................145 12.5.6 Lm vic vi Cookies nhiu gi tr:..........................................................145 12.6 Session.............................................................................................................147 12.6.1 thm d liu vo Session .........................................................................147 12.6.2 Ly d liu t mt Session ......................................................................148 12.6.3 Lu tr c s d liu trong Session .........................................................149 12.6.4 S dng i tng Session ......................................................................150 12.6.5 iu khin s kin Session ......................................................................150 12.6.6 iu khin khi Session qu hn ...............................................................151 12.6.7 s dng Cookieless Session State ............................................................151 12.7 S dng Profiles...............................................................................................152 12.7.1 Profiles dng lm g?...........................................................................152 12.7.2 Creating Profile Groups............................................................................155 12.7.3 H tr ngi s dng nc danh................................................................157 13 Kt ni c s d liu trong trang web s dng ASP.NET.......................................161 Trang 5

13.1 Tm quan trng ca vic s dng c s d liu...............................................161 13.2 Kt ni CSDL s dng ADO.NET...................................................................161 13.2.1 Kin trc ca ADO.NET...........................................................................163

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1 GII THIU V CNG NGH WEB1.1 Gii thiu v mn hc Khi nim v website c hnh thnh t thp nin 90 khi m cc trnh duyt i vo giai on hon thin v pht trin mnh m nh ngy nay. Khng c l do no khin chng ta cn hoi nghi v li ch m cng ngh web mang li cho chng ta cng nh cho s pht trin ca th gii giai on hin ti v trong tng lai. Liu sp n lc cng ngh web c th hon ton thay th cho cc ng dng desktop hin ti. Mi y cng ng m ngun m v ang hi vng s a ng dng web n gn vi ng dng desktop hn. Gi s mi mong mun ca h u tr thnh s thc khi m ng dng web c sc mnh thay th cho ng dng Desktop khi cng vic ca chng ta s tr nn n gin hn rt nhiu. Bn th tng tng nh thay v mt cng ty c hng trm my tnh v phi ci hng trm ng dng Desktop ging nhau thay vo chng ta c th ci duy nht mt ng dng web mi ngi cng dng khng nhng ti cng ty m h cn c kh nng lm vic ti nh. Mi trao i s c din ra trn mi trng web, nhng cng vic ngy nay thc hin c da trn nn tng cng ngh web v cc phn mm kt ni trn mi trng internet xong iu ny l cha ph bin. Chng ta hon ton c th tin tng vo mt tng lai pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh web. Mi y mt s tng cho rng ti sao chng ta phi ci t h iu hnh trong khi nu chng ta khi ng t my tnh v mt trnh duyt web tng ng vi mt h iu hnh s c chng ta s dng thay th cho cc h iu hnh hin nay. Mc d tng cha c thnh s thc xong n cho thy kh nng ng dng rng ri ca cng ngh web trong tng lai m con ngi mun hng ti. Chnh v nhng li ch trong module ny chng ta s i vo tm hiu chi tit nhng nguyn l c bn xy dng cc ng dng trn nn tng cng ngh web. Qua chng ta c th xy dng cc website cn bn cho ring mnh v pht trin n sau khi ra trng chng ta c nhng kin thc nht nh trong lnh vc xy dng website cho cc doanh nghip trong tng lai. Module ny cung cp cc kin thc cn bn v HTML (Ngn ng c s dng ph bin trn cc trnh duyt web nh mt thnh phn khng th thiu), CSS (Cascading style sheet cng c xy dng giao din cho cc website), Javascript (Cng c h tr trong vic to hiu ng v cc bi ton pha trnh duyt), ASP.NET (Ngn ng xy dng website ng tin tin vo bc nht hin nay.) ngoi ra chng ta cn c bt tay xy dng tng khu trong vic xy dng mt website hon chnh.

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1.2 Lch s pht trin cng ngh web 1.2.1 Lch s ra i ca cng ngh web

6/8/1991 l mt ngy ng nh bi l thi im m my tnh "non nt" cho www c ng trn alt.hypertext mi ngi c th ti v tm hiu n. Cng bt u t hm y cng ngh web c th gii bit n. Jeff Groff, ngi cng tham gia vit m vi Berners-Lee, cho bit tng to dng web thc ra c hnh thnh rt n gin: "Chng ti lun ngh rng ngi s dng khng cn phi xoay s vi nhng vn k thut phc tp". Web ging nh mt tm khn tri ging vi nhim v c che ph s rc ri ca nhng d liu c lu hnh trn Internet. Paul Kunz, nh khoa hc thit lp my ch web u tin chu u vo thng 12/1991, cho bit u thp nin 90, my tnh ging nh nhng "c o" thng tin. Mt ln ng nhp ch c th truy cp ti nguyn ca mt h thng. Chuyn sang my tnh khc ng ngha vi vic h phi ng nhp thm ln na v phi s dng nhng b lnh khc nhau truy xut d liu. Web li ko s ch ca Kunz khi ng chng kin Berners-Lee trnh din kh nng hot ng ca web trn h thng IBM. Sau , Kunz thit lp my ch web, cho php cc chuyn gia vt l r sot hn 200.000 d liu d dng hn bao gi ht. Tuy nhin, d cc nh vt l b web quyn r, a s mi ngi li khng nhn bit c kh nng tim m ca n. Kunz cho rng iu ny l do nhiu t chc cng ang thc hin tng tng t. Cng ngh ni ting nht khi l Gopher ca i hc Minnesota (M), cng vi tham vng ha gii s phc tp ca nhng my tnh kt ni Internet. Gopher c ra mt vo ma xun nm 1991 v lu thng Gopher cao hn hn so vi lu thng web trong vi nm tip theo. Trong thi gian , Berners-Lee, Jeff Groff v ng nghip cng tch cc gii thiu pht minh ca h ti cc hi tho, cuc gp g...

S pht trin ca cng D n www ch thc s thng hoa khi chuyn gia Marc Andreessen ngh web so vi Gopher. thuc i hc Illinois (M) gii thiu trnh duyt web my tnh u Ngun: MIT tin vo thng 4/1993. Trnh duyt Mosaic qu thnh cng v mt s tnh nng vn c coi l quy c trong cng ngh web ngy nay. Cng vo nm 1993, i hc Minnesota thu ph Gopher khin ngi ta bt u phi tm n cc gii php thay th. Ngoi ra, theo Ed Vielmetti, nh nghin cu thuc i hc Michigan, ngay t nhng nm u, web chng minh c tnh hu ch vi ngi s dng thng thng. Mi ngi c th s dng cc trang web t bc l mnh, iu m nhng cng ngh khc khng cho php (hnh thc mi hin nay ca n chnh l blog).

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Cui nm 1994, lu thng web rt cuc cng vt qua Gopher v t cha bao gi b tt li. Hin nay, gn 100 triu website xut hin v ngi ta gn nh ng nht cng ngh web vi Net. Kunz cho bit tng hnh thnh www l to iu kin cho mi ngi va c va ng gp ni dung. Nhng cng c mi nh site chia s nh, mng x hi, blog, cc trang wiki... ang dn hon thnh li ha ban u ca nhm chuyn gia pht trin web. V nh th, theo Kunz, web by gi mi ch bt u nhng bc i u tin 1.2.2 Cc giai on pht trin ca cng ngh web

Kh Ban u, cc trang Web l tnh; ngi dng gi yu cu mt ti nguyn no , v servers tr v ti nguyn . Cc trang Web khng c g hn l mt vn bn c nh dng v phn tn. i vi cc trnh duyt, th cc trang Web tnh khng phi l cc vn kh khn, v trang Web lc u ch thng tin v cc s kin, a ch, hay lch lm vic qua Internet m thi, cha c s tng tc qua cc trang Web. Nm 1990, Tim Berners-Lee, ti CERN, sng ch ra HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), ngn ng nh du siu vn bn. HTML rt n gin v d dng, v n tr thnh mt ngn ng rt ph bin v c bn. Tuy nhin, khng lu sau , nhu cu v cc trang Web ng, c s tng tc ngy mt tng, chnh v th s ra i cc cng ngh Web ng l mt iu tt yu. Sau y l mt s cng ngh Web ng c bn: 1.2.2.1 CGI

Gii php u tin lm cc trang Web ng l Common Gateway Interface (CGI). CGI cho php to cc chng trnh chy khi ngi dng gi cc yu cu. Gi s khi cn hin th cc cc mc bn trn Web site vi mt CGI script ta c th truy nhp c s d liu sn phm v hin th kt qu. S dng cc form HTML n gin v cc CGI script, c th to cc ca hng o cho php bn sn phm cho khch hng qua mt trnh duyt. CGI script c th c vit bng mt s ngn ng t Perl cho n Visual Basic. Tuy nhin, CGI khng phi l cch an ton cho cc trang Web ng. Vi CGI, ngi khc c th chy chng trnh trn h thng. V th c th chy cc chng trnh khng mong mun gy tn hi h thng. Nhng d vy, cho n hm nay th CGI vn cn c s dng. 1.2.2.2 Applet

Thng 5/1995, John Gage ca hng Sun v Andressen (nay thuc Netscape Communications Corporation) cng b mt ngn ng lp trnh mi c tn Java. Netscape Navigator h tr ngn ng mi ny, v mt con ng mi cho cc trang Web ng c m ra, k nguyn ca applet bt u. Applet cho php cc nh pht trin vit cc ng dng nh nhng vo trang Web. Khi ngi dng s dng mt trnh duyt h tr Java, h c th chy cc applet trong trnh duyt trn nn Trang 9

my o Java Virtual Machine (JVM). D rng applet lm c nhiu iu song n cng c mt s nhc im: thng b chn bi vic c v ghi cc file h thng, khng th ti cc th vin, hoc i khi khng th thc thi trn pha client. B li nhng hn ch trn, applet c chy trn mt m hnh bo mt kiu sandbox bo v ngi dng khi cc on m nguy him. C nhng lc applet c s dng rt nhiu, nhng n cng c nhng vn ny sinh: l s ph thuc vo my o Java JVM, cc applet ch thc thi khi c mi trng thch hp c ci t pha client, hn na tc ca cc applet l tng i chm v th applet khng phi l gii php ti u cho Web ng. 1.2.2.3 JavaScript

Cng thi gian ny, Netscape to ra mt ngn ng kch bn gi l JavaScript. JavaScript c thit k vic pht trin d dng hn cho cc nh thit k Web v cc lp trnh vin khng thnh tho Java. (Microsoft cng c mt ngn ng kch bn gi l VBScript). JavaScript ngay lp tc tr thnh mt phng php hiu qu to ra cc trang Web ng. Vic ngi ta coi cc trang nh l mt i tng lm ny sinh mt khi nim mi gi l Document Object Model (DOM). Lc u th JavaScript v DOM c mt s kt hp cht ch nhng sau chng c phn tch. DOM hon ton l cch biu din hng i tng ca trang Web v n c th c sa i vi cc ngn ng kch bn bt k nh JavaScript hay VBScript. T chc World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) chun ha DOM, trong khi European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) ph duyt JavaScript di dng c t ECMAScript. 1.2.2.4 JSP/Servlet, ASP v PHP

Cng vi Java, Sun ng thi a ra mt cng ngh mi gi l servlet. Cc on m Java s khng chy pha client nh vi applet; chng s c chy trn mt ng dng pha server. Servlet cng ng thi phc v cc CGI script. Servlet l mt bc tin ln, n a ra mt th vin hm API trn Java v mt th vin hon chnh thao tc trn giao thc HTTP. JavaServer Page (JSP) l mt cng ngh lp trnh Web ca Sun, cng vi n l mt cng ngh khc ca Microsoft - Active Server Pages (ASP), JSP l cng ngh i hi mt trnh ch hiu c Java. Microsoft nghin cu cc nhc im ca servlet v to ra ASP d dng hn thit k cc trang web ng. Microsoft thm cc b cng c rt mnh v s tch hp rt hon ho vi cc Web server. JSP v ASP c nhng nt tng ng v chng u c thit k phn tch qua trnh x l khi qu trnh biu din. C s khc bit v k thut, song c hai u cho php cc nh thit k Web tp trung vo cch b tr (layout) trong khi cc nh pht trin phn mm th tp trung vo cc k thut lp trnh logic.

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Tt nhin Microsoft v Sun khng c quyn cc gii php pha server. Cn c cc cng ngh khc, trong phi k n l PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) cho ti Cold Fusion. Cc cng ngh ny cung cp cc b cng c rt mnh cho cc nh pht trin. 1.2.2.5 Flash

Nm 1996, FutureWave a ra sn phm FutureSplash Animator. Sau FutureWave thuc s hu ca Macromedia, v cng ty ny a ra sn phm Flash. Flash cho php cc nh thit k to cc ng dng hot ha v linh ng. Flash khng i hi cc k nng lp trnh cao cp v rt d hc. Cng ging nh cc nhiu gii php khc Flash yu cu phn mm pha client. Chng hn nh gi Shockwave Player plug-in c th c tch hp trong mt s h iu hnh hay trnh duyt. 1.2.2.6 DHTML

Khi Microsoft v Netscape a ra cc version 4 ca cc trnh duyt ca h, th cc nh pht trin Web c mt la chn mi: Dynamic HTML (DHTML). DHTML khng phi l mt chun ca W3C; n ging mt b cng c thng mi hn. Trong thc t n l mt tp hp gm HTML, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript, v DOM. Tp hp cc cng ngh trn cho php cc nh php trin sa i ni dung v cu trc ca mt trang Web mt cch nhanh chng. Tuy nhin, DHTML yu cu s h tr t cc trnh duyt. Mc d c Internet Explorer v Netscape h tr DHTML, nhng cc th hin ca chng l khc nhau, cc nh pht trin cn phi bit c loi trnh duyt no m pha client dng. DHTML tht s l mt bc tin mi, nhng n vn cn mt s qui chun pht trin. Hin nay DHTML vn ang trn con ng pht trin mnh. 1.2.2.7 XML

K t khi ra i vo gia nm 1990, eXtensible Markup Language (XML) ca W3C dn xut ca SGML tr nn rt ph bin. XML c mt khp ni, Microsoft Office 12 cng s h tr nh dng file XML. Ngy nay chng ta c rt nhiu dng dn xut ca XML cho cc ng dng Web (tt nhin l c c XHTML): XUL ca Mozilla; XAMJ, mt sn phm m ngun m trn nn Java; MXML t Macromedia; v XAML ca Microsoft. 1.3 Khi qut v cng ngh web 1.3.1 Khi nim v website

Bn c th hiu website tng t nh qung co trn cc trang vng, nhng c im khc ch n cho php ngi truy cp c th trc tip thc hin nhiu vic trn website nh giao tip, trao i thng tin vi ngi ch website v vi nhng ngi truy cp khc, tm kim, mua bn vv...ch khng phi ch xem nh qung co thng thng. Hng triu ngi trn khp th gii c th truy cp website- nhn thy n ch khng gii hn trong phm vi lnh th no c. i vi mt doanh nghip, Website l mt ca hng o vi hng ho v dch v c th c gii Trang 11

thiu v rao bn trn th trng ton cu. Ca hng m ca 24 gi mt ngy, 7 ngy mt tun, quanh nm, cho php khch hng ca bn tm kim thng tin, xem, mua sn phm v dch v ca bn bt c lc no h mun. Khi bn xem thng tin trn mt trang Web th trang Web n t mt Website, c th l mt Website n t M, t Vit Nam, hay bt c ni no khc trn th gii. Website s tn v chnh l a ch m bn gi n ra tn ngi ta gi l tn min hay domain name. Thng cc Website c s hu bi mt c nhn hoc t chc no . Website l mt vn phng o ca doanh nghip trn mng Internet. Website bao gm ton b thng tin, d liu, hnh nh v cc sn phm, dch v v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh m doanh nghip mun truyn t ti ngi truy cp Internet. Vi vai tr quan trng nh vy, c th coi Website chnh l b mt ca Cng ty, l ni n tip v giao dch vi cc khch hng trn mng. Website khng ch n thun l ni cung cp thng tin cho ngi xem, cho cc khch hng v i tc kinh doanh ca doanh nghip, n cn phi phn nh c nhng nt c trng ca doanh nghip, m bo tnh thm m cao, tin li, d s dng v c bit phi c sc li cun ngi s dng thuyt phc h tr thnh khch hng ca doanh nghip. 1.3.2 Cc yu cu ti thiu ca mt Webiste

i vi mt doanh nghip trong i thng, thnh lp v hot ng, doanh nghip phi p ng c ti thiu 3 yu t cn bn sau: Tn doanh nghip Tr s hot ng ca doanh nghip Cc yu t vt cht k thut,my mc v con ngi Nu ta tm coi Website nh 1 doanh nghip trong i thng, th thit lp v a vo hot ng 1 Website cng phi p ng c ti thiu 3 yu t c bn nh doanh nghip l: Tn Website (hay cn gi l Tn min o hoc Domain name) tng ng vi Tn doanh nghip trong i thng. Web Hosting (hay cn gi l ni lu gi trn my ch Internet) tng ng vi Tr s doanh nghip trong i thng. Cc trang Web tng ng vi yu t vt cht k thut, my mc ca doanh nghip trong i thng v con ngi qun l v vn hnh Website . 1.4 Nhng thnh phn cu to nn mt website 1.4.1 Ngn ng siu vn bn

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) l ngn ng nh du siu vn bn c thit k ra to nn cc trang web. Tp tin (File) HTML l mt vn bn c cha cc th nh du (markup Trang 12

tags), cc th nh du ny gip cc trnh duyt Web hiu c cch trnh by v hin th trang Web. File HTML c phn m rng (Extension) l htm hay html v c th c to ra bng bt c chng trnh x l vn bn n gin no. Trong File HTML cc phn t (Element) c nh du bng cc th HTML. Cc th ny c bao bi du < v du >. Thng thng cc th HTML c dng theo mt cp (th bt u) v (th kt thc), vn bn nm gia cp th ny l ni dung ca phn t. Cc th HTML khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng, c ngha l cc kiu ch u c xem nh nhau. 1.4.2 Ngn ng kch bn

Ngn ng kch bn (script): L loi ngn ng dng nng cao hiu qu v tnh nng ca trang web. C hai loi: Chy trn my server gi l server script Chy trn my client (my duyt web) cn gi l client script 1.4.3 Cc thnh phn stypesheet

S dng style sheet gip cho ngi san tho trang web d dng hn trong vic thit k v hiu chnh cc trang web ng thi m bo tnh nht qun trong trnh by ca website. Mt style l mt mu nh dng (template) ca cc HTML tag. Khi nim style sheet trong trang web rt tng t vi cc khi nim templates trong MSWORD. bn c th thay i s trnh by ca mt vn bn Word thng qua vic thay i cc style trong vn bn ny. Mt cch tng t , bn c th thay i s trnh by ca trang web bng cch hay i cc style sheet c gn cho cc tag HTML. 1.4.4 1.4.4.1 Ngn ng x l d liu pha server Perl

Perl (Practical Extraction and Report Language) l ngn ng kch bn m ngun m c c php tng t nh C. Perl chy ch nn pha server to ni dung web theo cch thc n i vi ngi xem. Nm 1987, lrry Wall xy dng v pht trin Perl nh l phin bn ci tin ca awk vi mc ch thc hin t ng mt s tc v qun tr h thng Unix (awk l mt chng trnh x l vn bn ca Unix) . Sau Perl c pht trin dn v ph bin vi nhiu dng ng dng. Perl c tnh i tng, nh vy vic b sung th vin mi rt d dng. N thch hp cho c ng dng web phc tp ln cc tc v x l d liu n gin. c thi tt c nhng vic to trang web ng c lp trnh u dng Perl, trc khi c nhng cng ngh khc nh ASP, JSP, PHP... v hin Perl vn l mt trong nhng ngn ng c dng ph bin nht vit cc ng dng web. Trang 13

Hu ht cc my ch web hin nay u h tr Perl. Apache c h tr min ph tch hp trnh dch Perl mod-perl. iu ny khng ch gip tng tc m lnh Perl m cn ci thin hiu sut nh mod-perl lu li cc m lnh bin dch trong b nh. Mod_perl kt hp vi mt s cng ngh khc cho php xy dng cc website cao cp, ni bt nht l hai cng ngh HTML::Embperl v HTML::Mason. Cc gii php thng mi ca Activestate v Binary Evolution cng gip tng tc Perl theo cch thc tng t nh mod-perl. PerlEx ca ActiveState tng tc chng trnh CGI/PERL cho IIS trong khi sn phm ca Binary Evolution dng cho Netscape, Apache, v IIS trn c nn Windows v Unix. C rt nhiu ti liu trn Net v Perl cng nh nhiu th vin chng trnh tin ch min ph. Bn c th tm thy nhng m un vit sn website CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network - www.cpan.org). Ngn ng Perl hin ang pht trin i xa hn thit k ban u ca n. 1.4.4.2 ASP

Cng ngh Microsoft Active Server pages (ASP) i cng vi Microsoft Intemet Information Server (IIS). ASP h tr nhiu ngn ng kch bn nh PerlScript, JScript v VBScript. PerlScript da trn ngn ng Perl, JScript da trn ngn ng JavaScript, nhng ngn ng mc nh ca ASP l VBScript, mt ngn ng kch bn d hc, l tp con ca ngn ng Visual Basic - mt trong nhng ngn ng lp trnh ph bin nht hin nay. Cng ngh ASP cho php trn ni dung HTML tnh vi m lnh kch bn thc thi mi trng server to ra kt qu ng. u im ni bt nht ca ASP l kh nng dng thnh phn COM v ADO (Activex Data Object), nhng cng chnh kh nng ny lm cho chng trnh ASP phc tp v kh vit hn. Khi cn pht trin, bn c th to thnh phn COM ring. Microsoft khuyn co xy dng thnh phn COM x l mc lun l. Thnh phn COM c th pht trin bng Visual Basic, Visual C++ hay Java. Tuy nhin, vi mi trng my ch dng chung, thng cc cng ty cung cp dch v my ch gii hn ch cho php bn dng VBScript. Tr ngi ln nht ca ASP l ch dng trn IIS chy trn my ch Win32. C mt s sn phm ca cc hng th ba cho php ASP chy trn mi trng v my ch web khc nh cc sn phm thng mi InstantASP ca Halcyon, Chili!Soft ca Chili!Soft v sn phm min ph OpenASP ca ActiveScripting.org. C hai phin bn Perl cho ASP: phin bn Unix (Apache::ASP) dng vi Apache v phin bn Windows PerlScript ca hng ActiveState. Vic ci t mi trng my ch h tr ASP rt n gin, IIS mc nh h tr sn ASP. Personal Web Server cung cp mi trng chy ASP cho Windows 95, 98. Cng c Visual Interdev rt mnh, gip to trang ASP n gin v nhanh chng. C rt nhiu website, sch v m ngun min ph cho ASP. y l mt li th. Trang 14

ASP.NET (ASP+) l bc pht trin mi ca cng ngh ASP dng vi nn tng NET. Ngn ng chnh dng pht trin trang ASP.NET (.aspx) l VB.NET, C#. Ngoi ra ASP.NET cn h tr nhiu ngn ng khc nh JScript.NET, Smalltalk.NET, Cobol.NET, Perl.NET... 1.4.4.3 JSP

Java Server Pages (JSP) l s m rng ca cng ngh JavaServlet, mt thnh phn trong chun J2EE ca Sun. Vi JavaServlet, bn phi x l u vo HTTP v u ra HTML trong lp Java, bn cn c kin thc lp trnh xy dng cc ng dng phc tp. Vi JSP bn c th tch ring lp hin th HTML ra khi lp Java x l nghip v phc tp. iu ny c ngha l ngi pht trin c kinh nghim ngn ng kch bn, hay thm ch ngi thit k web c th vit m lnh hin th n gin, trong khi ngi pht trin c kin thc v Java tp trung vit JavaServlet hay JavaBean gii quyt nghip v phc tp. Tng t ASP, JSP cng thc hin php trn ni dung HTML tnh vi m lnh kch bn thc thi mi trng server to ra kt qu ng. JSP dng ngn ng kch bn mc nh l Java; tuy nhin theo c t k thut th cng c th dng cc ngn ng khc. JSP c u im so vi ASP l sau ln thc thi u tin th m bin dch (Servlet) ca trang JSP c lu li trong b nh ca my ch web v sn sng p ng cho cc yu cu truy cp sau (trang ASP/VBSCRIPT hay Asp/jscript phi c dch li vi mi yu cu). Li th ca JSP l s dng c ton b sc mnh ca ngn ng Java vi cc tnh nng kh chuyn, chy c trn nhiu nn tng h thng v my ch web, m lnh hng i tng, bo mt an ton... Hin cha c nhiu dch v t web h tr JSP. Tuy Java min ph nhng cc cng c pht trin Java v phn mm my ch Java kh t. Cc cng c pht trin trang JSP tt l Borland Jbuilder, IBM WebSphere Studio. Mt s phn mm my ch Java h tr JSP min ph nh Tomcat, JONAS. Server-side JavaScript (SSJS) l s m rng ca JavaScript, ngn ng kch bn ph bin chy trnh duyt my khch c c php ging nh C, mc d c tn gi tng t nhng n khng phi l Java. SSJS c cc tnh nng tch hp h tr c s d liu v email, qun l phin lm vic v kh nng lin tc vi cc lp Java dng cng ngh Livewire ca Netscape. SSJS ch chy trn my ch web Netscape. 1.4.4.4 PHP

Nm 1995 , Rasmus Lerdorf to ra PHP nhm gii quyt vic vit lp i lp li cng on m khi to cc trang home (v vy PHP c vit tt t Personal Home Page). Ban u, tc gi ch c nh to b phn gii n gin thay th cc th lnh trong file HTML bng cc on m lnh vit bng C. D n ny c pht trin thnh ngn ng kch bn m ngun m PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor c ci t cho khong 20% my ch web trn Internet, theo s liu kho st ca cng ty Netcraft. PHP tng t JSP v ASP vi tp th lnh dng cho trang HTML. im c bit l PHP c pht trin hon ton cho nn tng web, chnh v vy m cc ng dng vit bng PHP rt ngn gn so vi VBScript hay JSP. y cng chnh l im mnh ca PHP so vi Perl. Trang 15

C php PHP mn t nhiu ngn ng khc nh C, Java, Perl... PHP c th giao tip vi nhiu h CSDL nh Sybase, Oracle, Informix, Postgres v c Microsoft SQL. Khng ch c kh nng thao tc CSDL, PHP cn c nhiu kh nng khc nh IMAP, SNMP, LDAP, XML... PHP chy trn hu ht cc nn tng h thng. Trnh my ch phn gii m lnh PHP c th ti v min ph t trang web chnh thc ca PHP. C l yu t hp dn nht ca PHP l n hon ton min ph. Vi my tnh cu hnh va phi chy Linux, ci t Apache, PHP v MYSQL, bn s c my ch c th phc v c nhiu ng dng web tng i. Ton b chi ph hu nh ch l thi gian bn b ra ci t cc phn mm. PHP c xem l mt thay th cho Perl. PHP khng th lm c nhiu nh Perl, th nhng chnh s hn ch ny lm cho PHP d hc v d dng. Nhiu nh pht trin dng kt hp c hai: Perl dng cho nhng tc v chy bn di cn PHP dng cho vic x l b mt. Komodo ca Active State Corp l cng c min ph dng pht trin trang PHP. 1.4.4.5 ASP.NET

C th ni l th h sau ca ASP nhng h tr ti a mong mun ca lp trnh vin v khc phc c nhng im cn hn cht trong ASP, chnh v vy ASP.NET ang dn khng nh l mt trong nhng la chn s mt ca ngi xy dng website. Mc d ra i mun cng vi s ra i ca Net framework nhng ASP.NET chng t mnh l cng c mnh m v h tr lp trnh ht sc linh hot v l s la chn hng u ca cc lp trnh vin. Ngoi kh nng thao tc d dng trong thit k giao din ASP.NET cn l cng ngh h tr nhiu ngn ng lp trnh c bit trong s l VB.NET, C#,. L nhng ngn ng ang rt c a chung bi cc lp trnh vin hin nay. Vic kt ni CSDL d dng cng l mt trong nhng u im ni bt ca ASP.NET vi s h tr ca ADO.NET v mi y na l s ra i ca LinQ vi kh nng kt ni CSDL d dng ASP.NET ang dn hon thin tr thnh cng ngh thng tr trong th gii website.

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2 THIT K WEBSITE VI HTML2.1

Gii thiu v HTML

Ngy nay Internet pht trin n mc n tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu c ca cuc sng hin i. Cc ngun thng tin c cung cp mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc trn nhng Website. Trn Internet, qu thc c rt nhiu Website ch trng n ngn ng HTML, cng c rt nhiu Web site dnh cho mc ch thng mi, ngh thut. Th nhng li c t ngun thng tin cp n vic thit k mt trang Web, mt Website, thit k ho, giao din ngi s dng hay nhng kin thc v cch thc t chc thng tin. Mn hc chuyn Web s cung cp mt ci nhn tng th trong vic xy dng v pht trin Website ng thi cung cp mt s gii php c la chn trong thi i hin nay khi ni n Website. 2.1.1 Khi nim HTML (HyperText Markup Language) Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn c s dng to cc ti liu c th truy cp trn mng. Ti liu HTML c to nh dng cc th v cc phn t ca HTML. File c lu trn my ch dch v web vi phn m rng .htm hoc .html. Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh web vic ng dng cc cng c HTML cng tr nn quan trng trong s pht trin ca ngnh cng ngh web hin i. 2.1.2 V d v to file HTML Nu bn s dng Window hy m Notepad, nu bn s dng Mac m ng dng Simple Text. Vi OSX bn m TextEdit v thay i la chn sau: Select (trong ca s preference) > Plain Text thay v Rich Text v chn "Ignore rich text commands in HTML files". Vic ny rt quan trng bi v nu bn khng lm vy th code HTML c th khng ng. Sau bn g vo nhng dng sau: Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng Yn www.utehy.vn and www.utehy.edu.vn. UTHYE and web design resources

Trang 17

Lu file li vi tn l "mypage.htm" vo desktop cng c. Sau bn ng trnh son tho Notepad hoc Simple Text li v tm n file mypage.htm desktop ri nhp p vo trnh duyt s hin th ni dung ca trang. Gii thch v d: Th u tin trong ti liu HTML l . Th ny ni cho trnh duyt bit y l im khi u ca mt ti liu HTML. Th cui cng ca ti liu l , th ny ni cho trnh duyt bit y l im kt thc ca vn bn. on ch nm gia hai th v l thng tin ca header. Thng tin header s khng c hin th trn ca s trnh duyt. on ch nm gia cp th l tiu ca vn bn. Dng tiu ny s xut hin thanh trng thi ca trnh duyt web. on ch nm gia hai th l nhng g n s th hin trn trnh duyt ca bn. on ch nm gia hai th v s xut hin di dng m. 2.1.3 S dng file vi HTM hay HTML Mt s bn thng gp rc ri khi phn bit cng nh gii thch ti sao trang HTM v HTML li cho ra cng mt kt qu vy nguyn nhn ca vic ny l g? Khi bn lu mt vn bn di dng HTML, bn c th s dng c hai dng l .htm v .html. Chng ta s dng dng .htm trong v d trn. L do ny bt ngun t nguyn nhn ngy trc l c nhng phn mm ch cho php phn m rng c ti a l 3 ch ci. Vi nhng phn mm mi hin nay chng ta ngh s tt hn nu bn lu li vi phn m rng l .html Mt ch khi s dng trnh son tho HTML: Bn c th d dng chnh sa mt ti liu HTML bng cch s dng WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get = thy g c ) nh l Frontpage, Claris Homepage, Dream weaver hoc Adobe PageMill thay v bn phi t vit nhng cp th t u n cui. Nhng nu bn mun tr thnh mt web master y k thut, ti khuyn bn nn s dng nhng trnh son tho text n gin hc v lm quen vi cu trc cu lnh ca HTML. 2.2 Thnh phn ca HTML

2.2.1 Cc dng th HTML Th HTML dng vit ln nhng thnh t HTML Th HTML c bao quanh bi hai du ln hn < v > nh hn. Nhng th HTML thng c mt cp ging nh v Th th nht l th m u v th th hai l th kt thc. Trang 18

Dng ch gia hai th bt u v kt thc l ni dung. Nhng th HTML khng phn bit in hoa v vit thng, v d dng v u nh nhau. 2.2.2 Thnh phn HTML Nh li v d trn ca chng ta v HTML Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng Yn www.utehy.vn and www.utehy.edu.vn. UTHYE and web design resources UTEHY and web design resources Thnh phn ca HTML bt u vi th: Ni dung ca n l: UTHYE and web design resources Thnh phn ca HTML kt thc vi th: Mc ch ca th l xc nh mt thnh phn ca HTML phi c th hin di dng in m y cng l mt thnh phn ca HTML: www.utehy.vn and www.utehy.edu.vn. UTHYE and web design resources Phn ny bt u bng th bt u v kt thc bng th kt thc . Mc ch ca th l xc nh thnh phn ca HTML bao gm ni dung ca ti liu. 2.2.3 Cc thuc tnh ca th HTML Nhng th HTML u c nhng thuc tnh ring. Nhng thuc tnh ny cung cp thng tin v thnh phn HTML ca trang web. Tag ny xc nh thnh phn thn ca trang HTML: . Vi mt thuc tnh thm vo l bgcolor, bn c th bo cho trnh duyt bit rng mu nn ca trang ny l mu , ging nh sau: hoc (#E6E6E6 l gi tr hex ca mu) Th ny s xc nh dng bng HTML: vi mt thuc tnh ng vin (border), bn c th bo cho trnh duyt bit rng bng s khng c ng vin: Thuc tnh lun lun i km mt cp nh name/value: name="value" (tn="gi tr") thuc tnh lun lun c thm vo th m u ca thnh phn HTML. Du ngoc kp, "red" hoc 'red' Trang 19Gi tr thuc tnh nn c t trong du trch dn " v ". Kiu ngoc kp nh vy th ph bin hn, tuy nhin kiu n nh ' v ' cng c th c dng. V d trong mt vi trng hp c bit him, v d nh gi tr thuc tnh mang du ngoc kp ri, th vic s dng ngoc n l cn thit. V d: name='ban"tay"den' 2.2.4 Cc loi th c bn HTML Nhng th quan trng nht trong HTML l nhng th xc nh Heading, on vn v xung dng.HTML head The title is not displayed This text is displayed Thng tin tiu trong phn head th khng c hin th trong ca s trnh duyt. ng link ti liu: This link on ny s cho ra mt ca s mi bi v n c gn thuc tnh target l "_blank". This linkTrang 20Ch thc hin chuyn ca s hin hnh n trang cn n. Cch s dng th lm cho tt c cc ng link trn mt trang m mt ca s mi. Thnh phn ca head Thnh phn ca head bao gm nhng thng tin chung, hay cn c gi l meta-information v ti liu. Meta c ngha l "thng tin v". Bn c th ni rng meta-data c ngha rng thng tin v data, hoc meta-infomation c ngha rng thng thin v thng tin. Thng tin trong thnh phn head. Theo nh tiu chun ca HTML, ch mt vi th c chnh thc t trong phn head l: base>, , , , , and . y l mt v d hp quy nh This is some text Trong trng fhp ny trnh duyt c hai la chn: Hin th ch bi v n nm trong thnh phn on vn l v n ch bi v n nm trong thnh phn Head. Nu bn mun thm mt thnh phn HTML l hoc vo phn head nh trn, hu ht cc trnh duyt s hin th chng thm ch nh th l khng hp l. Trnh duyt c nn b qua nhng li nh th khng? chng ti khng ngh th! nhng ngi ta li cho th l ng!Th HeadTh Miu t c tnh Xc nh thng tin v ti liu Xc nh tiu ca ti liu Xc nh a ch URL c bn cho tt c cc ng lin kt trn trang Trang 21 HTML MetaXc nh ti nguyn lin kt n Xc nh meta-information Xc nh loi ti liu. Th ny i trc th The meta attributes of this document identify the author and the editor software. Thng tin bn trong thnh phn meta miu t v ti liu. Trang 22The meta attributes of this document describe the document and its keywords. Thng tin bn trong thnh phn meta miu t t kho ca ti liu. Ti nh hng ngi dng Sorry! We have moved! The new URL is: http://www.utehy.edu.vn You will be redirected to the new address in five seconds. If you see this message for more than 5 seconds, please click on the link above! Cch ti nh hng ngi dng nu bn thay i tn min. Thnh phn ca meta Nh c gii thch chng trc, thnh phn ca head bao gm nhng thng tin chung v ti liu. HTML cng c mt thnh phn meta v nm trong phn head. Mc ch ca thnh phn meta l cung cp meta-information v ti liu. Trang 23Hu ht thnh phn meta c s dng cung cp thng tin lin quan n trnh duyt hoc nhng cng c tm kim nh c miu t ni dung ca ti liu. Mt vi cng c tm kim trn mng s dng tn v ni dung ca th meta trong trang index ca bn.Mc ch chnh ca thuc tnh tn v ni dung l miu t ni dung ca trang. Tuy nhin, bi v qu nhiu ngi lm dng th meta spam bng cch lp i lp li t kho cho trang web ca h c rank cao hn, cho nn mt vi cng c tm kim hon ton khng s dng th meta na. i khi bn c th thy thuc tnh th meta l unknown nh sau:Nu bn c thy th cng c chp nhn n bi v n l mt ci g duy nht cho trang hoc cho tc gi ca trang v n c th chng c g lin quan n bn ht. Xc nh thng tin trn internet (URL = Uniform Resource Locator) HTML. Khi bn nhp chut vo link trong mt ti liu HTML nh th ny: Trang Trc, mt th gch chn s ch n mt ni (mt a ch) trn Web vi mt gi tr thuc tnh href nh: Trang Trc Lin kt Trang Trc v d trn l ng lin kt c lin quan n mt trang web m bn ang lt , v trnh duyt ca bn s to ra mt a ch web y nh sau: http://www.utehy.vn/html/trangtruoc.htm truy cp trang . Uniform Resource Locator (URL) URL c dng xc nh a ch ca mt ti liu (hoc d liu khc) trn World Wide Web. Mt a ch y s nh sau: http://www.utehy.vn/html/trangtruoc.htm v tun theo c php sau:Scheme://host.domain:port/path/filenameScheme: L mt trong cc giao thc Internet, gm http, ftp, gopher, news (USENET news), nntp (Network News Transfer Protocol), Telnet v WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers), v nhng giao thc khc. ija ch di y ung giao thc http: http://www.utehy.vn/html/html_basic.htm Domain: xc nh tn min ca trang web trn Internet v d nh utehy.com Host xc nh tn min ca host. Nu c b qua, th mc nh ca host cho http l www. Trang 24Port xc nh port number ti host. S cng thng c b qua. S cng mc nh ca http l 80. Path xc nh ng dn trn server. Nu ng dn c b qua, th ti liu phi c nh v ti th mc gc ca trang web. Filename xc nh tn ca ti liu. Tn mc nh ca mt ti liu c th l default.asp hoc index.html hoc mt ci g ph thuc vo nhng ci t ca server. URL Scheme Di y l v d ca nhng lc thng dn nht Schemes file ftp http gopher news telnetWAISAccess Mt tp tin my tnh ca bn Mt tp tin FTP server Mt tp tin World Wide Web Server Mt tp tin Gopher server Usenet newsgroup Telnet connection Mt tp tin WAIS serverTruy cp vo Newsgroup Dng code HTML sau: HTML Newsgroup to ra mt ng lin kt n newsgroup nh l HTML Newsgroup. Download vi FTP Dng code HTML sau: Download WinZip To ra mt ng link download nh l: Download WinZip. Ch : Lin kt trn ch l v d thi! cho nn n khng c gi tr. Lin kt n h thng Mail Dng code HTML sau: Trang 25admin@utehy.com To ra mt ng lin kt vi h thng email ca bn l admin@utehy.com Headings Headings c nh dng vi hai th n . xc nh heading ln nht. xc nh heading nh nht y l heading y l heading y l heading y l heading y l heading y l heading HTML s t ng thm mt dng trng trc v sau mi heading. on vn paragraphs Paragraphs c nh dng bi th . y l on vn y l mt on vn khc HTML s t ng thm mt dng trng trc v sau mi heading. Line Breaks - xung dng Th
c s dng khi bn mun kt thc mt dng nhng li khng mun bt u mt on vn khc. Th
s to ra mt ln xung dng khi bn vit n. y
l mt o
n vn vi th xung hng Th
l mt th trng, n khng cn th ng dng Li ch thch trong HTML Th ch thch c s dng thm li ch thch trong m ngun ca HTML. Mt dng ch thch s c b qua bi trnh duyt. Bn c th s dng ch thch gii thch v code ca bn, sau ny bn c phi quay li chnh sa g th cng d nh hn. Bn cn mt du chm than ! ngay sau du nh hn nhng khng cn du ln hn. Trang 26Trang 273 THIT K WEBSITE VI HTML3.1Cc loi th nng cao trong HTML3.1.1 HTML layout Rt nhiu trang web bn c th thy rng trang ca h c thit k dng ct ging nh t bo vy, l h s dng ct ca HTML. Vic thng dng nht khi dng HTML l s Code HTML c s dng dng bng HTML nh dng mt giao din chia mt phn ca trang thnh hai ct. ca mt trang HTML. Ti c tnh ng vin cho bn d Mt phn ca trang bn ang c ny c nh nhn thy y l cu trc bng. dng bi hai ct nh dng ct ca bo. D cho bn c vit bao nhiu ch i Bn c th nhn ra rng nhng g bn ang c chng na, th n vn ngoan ngon nm c chia ra lm hai ct bn tri v bn phi. trong cu trc bng bn to ra n. Dng ch bn ny ct bn tri Vn layout c nhng vi mu c thm vo Code HTML c s dng Vic thng dng nht khi dng HTML l s chia mt phn ca trang thnh hai ct. dng bng HTML nh dng mt giao din ca mt trang HTML. Ti c tnh ng vin cho bn d nhn thy y l cu trc bng. Mt phn ca trang bn ang c ny c nh dng bi hai ct nh dng ct ca bo. Bn c th nhn ra rng nhng g bn ang c D cho bn c vit bao nhiu ch i c chia ra lm hai ct bn tri v bn phi. chng na, th n vn ngoan ngon nm trong cu trc bng bn to ra n. Dng ch bn ny ct bn tri 3.1.2 HTML Fonts Vic s dng th trong HTML khng c tn thnh v s b loi b nhng phin bn HTML mi hn. D cho rt nhiu ngi dng n, nhng bn nn c gng trnh dng n v dng style thay th. Th HTML Trang 28Vi mt dng code HTML nh sau, bn c th c th kch c v loi font cho trnh duyt This is a paragraph. This is another paragraph. Thuc tnh ca font Thuc tnh size="number" size="+number" size="-number" face="face-name" color="color-value" color="color-name" 3.1.3 Frames Vi frame bn c th hin th nhiu trang web trn cng mt ca s trnh duyt. Mi mt ti liu HTML c gi l mt frame, v mi frame u c lp vi nhng frame khc. Nhng nhc im khi s dng frame: Ngi lm web phi theo di nhiu ti liu HTML Kh c th in n ton b trang web. Th frameset Th xc nh bn s chia ca s trnh duyt thnh nhng frame nh th no. Mi mt frame xc nh mt tp hp cc hng hoc ct. Gi tr ca hng hoc ct ch ra din tch ca mn hnh m frame s chim. Th Frame V d size="2" size="+1" size="-1" face="Times" color="#eeff00" color="red" Mc ch Xc nh kch c Tng kch c font Gim kch c font Xc nh tn font Xc nh mu ch Xc nh mu chTrang 29Th xc nh ti liu HTML no s c chn vo mi frame. v d di y bn c mt frameset vi hai ct. Ct th nht c thit lp l chim 25% rng ca ca s trnh duyt. Ct th hai c thit lp s chim 75% rng ca ca s trnh duyt. Ti liu html tn l "frame_a.htm" c chn vo ct th nht, v "frame_b.htm" c chn vo ct th hai. Ch : Nu frame ca bn c ng vin th ngi dng c th nh li kch thc bng cch ko n. trnh vic ny bn c th thm noresize="noresize" vo th Thm th cho trnh duyt khng h tr frame. Navigation frame V d ny hng dn bn cch to ra mt mc lc (navigation) bng frame. Frame navigation cha mt danh sch nhng ng link v ch l frame th hai. Ti liu "tryhtml_contents.htm" cha 3 ng link v code ca ng link nh sau Frame a
Frame b
Frame c Th frame Tag 3.1.4 Bng HTML Bng c nh dng bi th . Mt bng c chia ra lm nhiu hng vi th , mi hng c chia ra lm nhiu ct d liu vi th . Cb td l ch vit tt ca "table data", l ni dung ca ct d liu. Mt ct d liu c th bao gm ch, hnh nh, danh sch, on vn, form v bng vv Trang 30 M T Kiu a set of frames Kiu a sub window (a frame) Kiu a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames Kiu an inline sub window (frame) row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2 on code trn s hin th nh th ny trong ca s trnh duyt row 1, cell 1 row 2, cell 1 Bng v thuc tnh ng bin Nu bn khng thit lp thuc tnh ng bin cho bng th bng ca bn s c hin th m khng c ng bin. i khi n c th hu dng nhng thng th bn mun bng ca bn c ng bin. hin th ng bin ca mt bng, bn phi s dng thuc tnh ng bin. Row 1, cell 1 Row 1, cell 2 Heading trong bng Heading trong mt bng c xc nh bng th Heading Another Heading Trang 31 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 2 row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2 N s hin th nh th ny trn trnh duyt Heading row 1, cell 1 row 2, cell 1 Another Heading row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 2Ct trng trong bng Ct trng khng c ni dung th khng c hin th tt lm hu ht cc trnh duyt. row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 N s c dng th ny trn trnh duyt row 1, cell 1 row 2, cell 1 Bn ch rng ng bin bao quanh ct trng b mt (nhng trong trnh duyt Mozilla Firefox n s hin th ng bin) row 1, cell 2Trang 32 trnh iu ny xy ra, bn thm mt non-breaking space () vo ct trng , lm cho ng bin ca n c hin th. row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 N s hin th nh sau trnh duyt row 1, cell 1 row 2, cell 1 Ch : Loi th , and t khi c s dng, bi v n khng phi l tnh nng c. Th table Tag M T V bng hng u ca bng hng trong bng trong hng nhn ca bng nhm cc ct nh cc thuc tnh ca ct Hng u bng Thn ca bng Hng cui bng row 1, cell 2Trang 333.1.5 Forms v trng nhp liu HTML form c s dng chn nhng d liu nhp vo khc nhau ca ngi dng. Form Mt form l mt vng m n bao gm nhng thnh phn ca form. Thnh phn ca form l nhng thnh phn cho php ngi dng c th in thng tin nh l trng ch, menu th xung, nt radio, v cc hp kim vo mt form. Mt form c xc nh bi th Nhp liu Th form c s dng nhiu nht l th . Loi d liu nhp vo s c xc nh bi thuc tnh ca n. Nhng trng nhp liu c s dng nhiu nht c gii thch di y. Text field Text field c s dng khi bn mun ngi dng nh ch, s v.v.. vo mt form. First name:
Last name: N s xut hin nh sau trong trnh duyt First name: Last name:Bn ch rng bn thn ca form th b n i. Hn na trn hu ht cc trnh duyt trng text c mc nh l 20 k t. Trang 34Nt radio Nt radio c s dng khi bn mun ngi dng chn mt trong nhng la chn bn a ra. Male
Female N s xut hin nh sau trn trnh duyt Male Female Ch rng ch c mt la chn c th c chn. Hp kim Hp kim c s dng khi bn mun ngi chn c th chn nhiu la chn hn. I have a bike
I have a car N s nh sau trong trnh duyt I have a bike I have a car Thuc tnh hot ng ca form v nt Submit. Khi ngi dng nhp chut vo nt "submit", ni dung ca form s c gi n mt tp tin khc. Thuct nh hot ng ca form xc nh tn ca file m n s gi ni dung n. Tp Trang 35tin c xc nh trong thuc tnh hot ng ca form v thng th n s c nhng hnh ng vi d liu n nhn c. Username: 5.2.3 Style sheet "a phng" (Inline Style) y l mt phng php nguyn thy nht nhng CSS vo mt ti liu HTML bng cch nhng vo tng th HTML mun p dng. V d nhin trong trng hp ny chng ta s khng cn selector trong c php. Lu : Nu bn mun p dng nhiu thuc tnh cho nhiu th HTML khc nhauth khng nn dng cch ny. v d sau chng ta s tin hnh nh nn mu trng cho trang v mu ch xanh l cho on vn bn nh sau: V d ^_^ Welcome To WallPearls Blog ^_^ 5.2.4 S u tin: Trc khi thc thi CSS cho mt trang web. Trnh duyt s c ton b CSS m trang web c th c p dng, bao gm: CSS mc nh ca trnh duyt, file CSS bn ngoi lin kt vo trang web, CSS nhng trong th v cc CSS ni tuyn. Sau , trnh duyt s tng hp ton b CSS ny vo mt CSS o, v nu c cc thuc tnh CSS ging nhau th thuc tnh CSS no nm sau s c u tin s dng (ci ny cng ging nh chng trnh Ai L Triu Ph trn truyn hnh vy, ch cu tr li sau cng mi c chp nhn (smile)). Theo nguyn tc trnh duyt ca bn s u tin cho cc CSS ni tuyn > CSS bn trong > CSS bn ngoi > CSS mc nh ca trnh duyt. V d: Trong mt trang web c lin kt ti file style.css c ni dung nh sau: p{ color:#333; text-align:left; width:500px } Trong th gia th cng c mt on CSS lin quan: p{ background-color:#FF00FF; text-align:right; width:100%; height:150px } Trong phn ni dung trang web cng c s dng CSS ni tuyn: Hin th v d y l v d: vn bn ch hin th khi bm chut vo lin kt. Thm vn bn thng... 9 THO LUN CC BC XY DNG WEBSITE10XY DNG TRANG WEB NG(9LT+9TH)10.1C bn v trang web ngKhi nim v trang web ng10.1.1Website ng l trang web m ton b thng tin c t chc bng mt h c s d liu (database). Gm nhng chc nng gip cho vic qun l thng tin cng nh khai thc thng tin rt linh hot v d dng. C th hiu website ng l mt phn mm chy trn internet, phn mm ny s tr li thng tin xung my ca khch lt web tng ng vi mi. Web "NG" l thut ng c dng ch nhng website c h tr bi mt phn mm c s web, ni ng hn l mt chng trnh chy c vi giao thc HTTP. Thc cht, website ng c ngha l mt website tnh c "ghp" vi mt phn mm web (cc modules ng dng cho Web). Vi chng trnh phn mm ny, ngi ch website thc s c quyn iu hnh n, chnh sa v cp nht thng tin trn website ca mnh m khng cn phi nh n nhng ngi chuyn nghip. Bn hy tng tng website nh mt cng c qung co lun c th tip cn vi khch hng tim nng, cng nh khch hng hin ti ca bn bt c lc no, bt c u, khng hn ch v mt thi gian v khng gian. Gi s ca hng ca Bn l mt phng trng by v mu mt thi trang vi nhiu c ma-n-canh ng trng by cc mu mt mi. Nu Bn lm web tnh, cng ging nh cc c ma-n-canh ny c ch to rt hon thin nhng s khng bao gi thay i t th, v c nhng b qun o m cc c mc. Nu mun lm li kiu dng mi, Bn phi HON TON PH THUC NH CH TO, hoc Bn phi mt chi ph mua mi. Cn nu Bn lm web ng, th cng ging nh cc c ma-n-canh ny ch c dng ln nh mt b khung m t Bn lun c th thay i t dng ng, cch n mc, d l thi trang ma xun, ma h, ma thu hay ma ng, cc mu mt lun hp thi i, m KHNG MT THM MT KHON CHI PH NH NO cho ngi to ra chng. Hiu cch khc, nhng b mt mi trng by chnh l nhng thng tin, thng bo v tnh hnh pht trin cc sn phm - dch v m Bn lun mun cp nht khch hng c r. Hy tng tng tip, cc modules ca mt website ng cng ging nh nhng thnh phn ca mt b khung ma-n-canh. Bn c th chnh sa cng tay ca nhng b khung ny, nng chng ln hoc h chng xui xung, iu chnh thnh chn bc hay chn ng thng, thnh t th ngi hoc ng, l kh nng tu bin ca mt chng trnh phn mm in hnh. Hoc Bn c th tho ri hay lp li i tay, i chn ca ma-n-canh, l kh nng tng thch ca tng module vi tng th mt chng trnh.10.1.2 tnh WEBSITE NG u imSo snh gia trang web ng v trang web WEBSITE TNHNgi qun tr d dng thay i cp nht Tc truy cp nhanh. thng tin bt c lc no mt cch n gin gn nh tt c nhng ngi dng internet Cc my ch tm kim d nhn din website. u c th lm c. C thc hin nhng vn phc tp c th l tnh ha n, qun l n hng, thanh ton online, so snh, tm kim sn phm theo yu cu c th ... S lng cc trang ph thuc vo s lng thng tin m khch hng cp nht cc trang ny s t ng pht sinh theo cc mc tng ng v c lin kt vi nhau. Nhc im Tc truy cp chm hn website tnh l do l m lnh ca website ng cn webserver bin dch m lnh lp trnh thnh cc th html (hyper text make up language_ngn ng nh du siu vn bn) ri mi chuyn n my ca ngi lt web. Thay i thng tin kh khn (mt nhiu thi gian v i hi c mt s k nng s dng html, phn mm ftp). Do khng c m lnh lp trnh v vy vic cp nht, thay i ni dung thng tin ca website mang nng tnh th cng nn cn nhiu thi gian. S lng cc trang thng tin theo l thuyt l khng gii hn nhng vi s trang cng ln cng tn nhiu thi gian chng hn cn thm mt trang thng tin th phi sa tt c nhng trang cn li. Cch thc cp nht thng tin Thng qua ti khon qun tr admin, khi X l trc tip vo cc file html thng ng nhp s xut hin chc nng cng c qua ti khon ftp a ln internet. qun tr tng ng vi quyn hn ca mi ngi qun tr. iu ny lm cho vic kim sot thng tin cng nh cp nht, thay i rt n gin.10.2Cu trc mt trang webNu ta tm coi Website nh 1 doanh nghip trong i thng, th thit lp v a vo hot ng 1 Website cng phi p ng c ti thiu 3 yu t c bn nh doanh nghip l: Tn Website (hay cn gi l Tn min o hoc Domain name) Thng tng ng vi tn ca t chc hay doanh nghip trong thc t. Tn website rt quan trng v n th hin phn no ni dung ca website v cng l th hin mc ch tn ti ca trang web. Web Hosting (hay cn gi l ni lu gi trn my ch Internet) L ni t ton b ni dung, thnh phn ca website. Vic la chn c web hosting l tng cng gip website c t c hiu qu thc t cao hn. Thng thng cc website cn mt web hosting c bo mt cao, bng thng ln v n nh. Bn thn trang web bao gm c ni dung website, nhng tin ch i km, ngi qun ly c th ni l yu t quan trng nht ca mt website, n th hin c ci m ngi ngi to ra website mong mun v l cng c thc hin tng ca t chc, doanh nghip s hu website . 10.3 Ngn ng c bn thng dng Servlet10.3.1Cng vi Java, Sun ng thi a ra mt cng ngh mi gi l servlet. Cc on m Java s khng chy pha client nh vi applet; chng s c chy trn mt ng dng pha server. Servlet cng ng thi phc v cc CGI script. Servlet l mt bc tin ln, n a ra mt th vin hm API trn Java v mt th vin hon chnh thao tc trn giao thc HTTP. 10.3.2 ServletJavaServer Page (JSP) l mt cng ngh lp trnh Web ca Sun, JSP l cng ngh i hi mt trnh ch hiu c Java. Trong nhiu nm tr li y JSP lun l mt trong nhng cng c xy dng web c yu thch s mt th gii. JSP a ra nn tng u tin v xy dng web ng dng code-behide. L b cng c rt hu ch cho ngi lp trnh. Ngoi ra n cn h tr rt tt vn bo mt v tt truy cp rt cao. 10.3.3 ASPMicrosoft nghin cu cc nhc im ca servlet v to ra ASP d dng hn thit k cc trang web ng. Microsoft thm cc b cng c rt mnh v s tch hp rt hon ho vi cc Web server. JSP v ASP c nhng nt tng ng v chng u c thit k phn tch qua trnh x l khi qu trnh biu din. C s khc bit v k thut, song c hai u cho php cc nh thit k Web tp trung vo cch b tr (layout) trong khi cc nh pht trin phn mm th tp trung vo cc k thut lp trnh logic.10.3.4PHPPHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) l mt trong cc cng ngh cung cp cc b cng c rt mnh cho cc nh pht trin web. Ti nay PHP vn dnh c s quan tm c bit ca nhng nh pht trin web c bit l trong lnh vc m ngun m. PHP t ra lm mt cng ngh tng i d s dng v rt thch hp trong mi trng web vi kh nng bo mt rt cao. 10.3.5 ASP.NETASP.Net l k thut lp trnh v pht trin ng dng web pha Server (Server-side) da trn nn tng ca Microsoft .Net Framework. Hin nay ASP.NET l cng c pht trin web nhanh v d rng nht hin nay. ASP.NET h tr rt nhiu ngn ng lp trnh ring bit tch hp trn nn tng Microsoft .Net framework. Trong phm vi ca mn hc ny chng ta s cng tm hiu cng ngh ASP.NET. 10.4Gii thiu c bn v ngn ng ASP.NETKhi nim v ngun gc xut x10.4.1T khong cui thp nin 90, ASP (Active Server Page) c nhiu lp trnh vin la chn xy dng v pht trin ng dng web ng trn my ch s dng h iu hnh Windows. ASP th hin c nhng u im ca mnh vi m hnh lp trnh th tc n gin, s dng hiu qu cc i tng COM: ADO (ActiveX Data Object) - x l d liu, FSO (File System Object) - lm vic vi h thng tp tin, ng thi, ASP cng h tr nhiu ngn ng: VBScript, JavaScript. Chnh nhng u im , ASP c yu thch trong mt thi gian di. Tuy nhin, ASP vn cn tn ng mt s kh khn nh Code ASP v HTML ln ln, iu ny lm cho qu trnh vit code kh khn, th hin v trnh by code khng trong sng, hn ch kh nng s dng li code. Bn cnh , khi trin khai ci t, do khng c bin dch trc nn d b mt source code. Thm vo , ASP khng c h tr cache, khng c bin dch trc nn phn no hn ch v mt tc thc hin. Qu trnh x l Postback kh khn, u nm 2002, Microsoft gii thiu mt k thut lp trnh Web kh mi m vi tn gi ban u l ASP+, tn chnh thc sau ny l ASP.Net. Vi ASP.Net, khng nhng khng cn i hi bn phi bit cc tag HTML, thit k web, m n cn h tr mnh lp trnh hng i tng trong qu trnh xy dng v pht trin ng dng Web. ASP.Net l k thut lp trnh v pht trin ng dng web pha Server (Server-side) da trn nn tng ca Microsoft .Net Framework. Hu ht, nhng ngi mi n vi lp trnh web u bt u tm hiu nhng k thut pha Client (Client-side) nh: HTML, Java Script, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). Khi Web browser yu cu mt trang web (trang web s dng k thut clientside), Web server tm trang web m Client yu cu, sau gi v cho Client. Client nhn kt qu tr v t Server v hin th ln mn hnh.ASP.Net s dng k thut lp trnh pha server th hon ton khc, m lnh pha server (v d: m lnh trong trang ASP) s c bin dch v thi hnh ti Web Server. Sau khi c Server c, bin dch v thi hnh, kt qu t ng c chuyn sang HTML/JavaScript/CSS v tr v cho Client. Tt c cc x l lnh ASP.Net u c thc hin ti Server v do , gi l k thut lp trnh pha server.10.4.2Nhng u im ni bt ca ASP.NET ASP.Net cho php bn la chn mt trong cc ngn ng lp trnh m bn yu thch: Visual Basic.Net, J#, C#, Trang ASP.Net c bin dch trc. Thay v phi c v thng dch mi khi trang web c yu cu, ASP.Net bin dch nhng trang web ng thnh nhng tp tin DLL m Server c th thi hnh nhanh chng v hiu qu. Yu t ny l mt bc nhy vt ng k so vi k thut thng dch ca ASP. ASP.Net h tr mnh m b th vin phong ph v a dng ca .Net Framework, lm vic vi XML, Web Service, truy cp c s d liu qua ADO.Net, ASPX v ASP c th cng hot ng trong 1 ng dng. ASP.Net s dng phong cch lp trnh mi: Code behide. Tch code ring, giao din ring do vy d c, d qun l v bo tr. Kin trc lp trnh ging ng dng trn Windows. H tr qun l trng thi ca cc control T ng pht sinh m HTML cho cc Server control tng ng vi tng loi Browser H tr nhiu c ch cache. Trin khai ci t Khng cn lock, khng cn ng k DLL Cho php nhiu hnh thc cu hnh ng dng H tr qun l ng dng mc ton cc Global.aspx c nhiu s kin hn Qun l session trn nhiu Server, khng cn Cookies 10.5 Cch thc thc thi mt trang web ng Thc thi bn pha my ch vi ASP.NET10.5.1i vi cc trang ASP.NET, th c ch x l ging nh m t trn, tc l theo m hnh x l bn pha server. Nhng c b sung thm tnh nng Compile and Cache:Gii thch c ch x l trn: Bc 1: Ngi lp trnh phi to cc trang ASPX (gi s tn trang l abc.aspx) v t n vo trong th mc web ca web server (c tn l www.server.com). Trn thanh a ch ca trnh duyt, ngi dng nhp trang www.server.com/Default.aspx. Bc 2: Trnh duyt gi yu cu ti server vi ni dung: Lm n gi cho ti trang abc.aspx th tt !. Bc 3: web server s bin dch code ca trang aspx (bao gm c cc m code vb.net/ c# - gi l code behind hay code file) thnh class. Bc 4: Lp sau khi c bin dch s thc thi.-Bc 5: tr kt qu v cho trnh duyt.Ring vi ASP.NET th vic bin dch s c thc hin nh sau:10.5.2Mi trng xy dngMt iu tht tuyt vi l Visual Studio s dng mt trnh IDE chung cho ton b ngn ng lp trnh (ASP.NET, VB.NET, C#,). iu ny m bo tnh nht qun cho cc ngn ng trn nn .NET, gip bn ch cn Hc mt ln nhng p dng mi ni. Trong :Ca s giao din chnh ca mi trng pht trin tch hp. Tab Design: hin th trang web ch Design, tc l cho php sa cha ni dung trang web trc quan.M trang ch Design Tab Source: M trang ch m ngun HTML. Ti y ngi dng c th son tho trc tip cc th HTML.M trang ch Source Tab Split: Cho php xem trang web ng thi c hai ch .M trang ch kt hp, va xem code HTML va xem Design.M ca s son Code (C#, VB.NETNgoi thao tc trc tip thng qua h thng menu, nt lnh, ngi dng cn c th s dng t hp cc phm tt. (M menu bar v xem t hp phm tt bn cnh). V d: Shift+F7 xem ch Design, F7 xem ch Code, F4 Focus ti Properties.Giao din ca h thng IDE. 10.5.3 n gin Cch thc xy dng mt trang web ng to mt trang web ng n gin chng ta cn ti thiu mt c s d liu c th l Access c th l sql server hoc file database Sau l vic ta kt ni website vi Database trn c th thc hin chc nng cp nht sa xa thng tin. Chng ta c th bt u xy dng mt trang web ng n gin vi ASP.NET u tin. V d: Ta c c s d liu l Nhanxet l tp hp tt c nhng li nhn xt ca mi chng ta trong qu trnh hc mn cng ngh web thc hin. Chng trnh s hin th tt c nhng li nhn xt v mt hp thoi cho php ngi dng thm mt nhn xt. C s d liu c xy dng ngay trn nn visual studio 2008 gm database c tn l nhanxet.mdf gm mt table duy nht NX(manhanxet (numberic),noidungnhanxet (nvachar(500))). Cc bc thc hin: Bc 1: To ng dng webM Visual studio 2008 chn File/New/Web site Sau bn chn Language l C#, chn ng dng l ASP.NET web site v t tn ng dng l nhanxet. Bc 2: To c s d liu Chn Add new item Chn SQL server database v t tn cho c s d liu l nhanxet chn Add sau chn yes. Click phi vo table trong data connection ca ca s server explorer chn add new table To bng nhanxet cho trng manhanxet t ng tng 1 n v khi ta thm d liu vo bng: hin th ni dung nhn xt chng ta ko thng bng nhn xt vo phn Design ca trang Default.aspx sau tin hnh t im cho Gridview.Tin hnh chnh sa Gridview phn Header:Sau khi tin hnh chnh sa ta thm vo iu khin TextBox v nt Button nh hnh v sau:Ton b vic thit k hon tt chng ta c th thm iu khin vo Gridview nh chnh sa thng tin v xa thng tin:Chng ta tin hnh vit code u tin ta click kp vo mn hnh v vit s kin Page load (khi vo trang web) ni dung nh sau: using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Xml.Linq;public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { GridView1.DataBind(); }} Tip theo chng ta vit thm s kin thm thng tin: using System; using System.Configuration; using System.Data; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Xml.Linq; using System.Data.Sql; using System.Data.SqlClient;public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { GridView1.DataBind(); } protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string con = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ "nhanxetConnectionString1"].ConnectionString; SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(con); cn.Open(); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand( "insert into nhanxet(noidungnhanxet) values('" + TextBox1.Text + "')", cn); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();cmd.Dispose(); cn.Close(); GridView1.DataBind(); } } Chng ta hon thnh xong trang web tp hp nhn xt ca hc vin tham gia mn cng ngh web chng ta c th khi ng website bng phm F5 hoc nhn vo nt start.11 CC I TNG IU KHIN C BN TRONG ASP.NET11.1 iu khin c bn (Standard control) Bao gm cc iu khin a ra cc thnh phn chun ca form nh: Label, Button, TextBox11.1.1LabelLabel thng c s dng hin th v trnh by ni dung trn trang web. Ni dung c hin th trong label c xc nh thng qua thuc tnh Text. Thuc tnh Text c th nhn v hin th ni dung vi cc tag HTML.V d: lblA.Text = "y l chui vn bn thng" lblB.Text = "Cn y l chui vn bn c in m"11.1.2iu khin LiteralGing vi iu khin Label bn c th dng Literal trnh by Text hoc ni dung Html. Literal h tr mt thuc tnh m Label khng h tr l: thuc tnh Mode gm 3 gi tr l: Pass through, Endcode, transform. V d Hin th:11.1.3HyperLinkiu khin ny c s dng to ra cc lin kt siu vn bn. Cc thuc tnh ImageURL: Qui nh hnh hin th trn iu khin. Text: Chui vn bn s c hin th trn iu khin. Trong trng hp c 2 thuc tnh ImageURL v Text c thit lp, thuc tnh ImageURL c u tin, thuc tnh Text s c hin th nh Tooltip. NavigateUrl: ng dn cn lin kt n. Target: Xc nh ca s s hin th cho mi lin kt _blank: Hin th trang lin kt mt ca s mi. _self: Hin th trang lin kt ti chnh ca s cha lin kt . _parent: Hin th trang lin kt frame cha. V d: hplASP_net.Text = "Trang ch ASP.Net" hplASP_net.ImageUrl = "Hinh\Asp_net.jpg" hplASP_net.NavigateUrl = "http://www.asp.net" hplASP_net.Target = "_blank"11.1.4TextBoxTextBox l iu khin c dng nhp v hin th d liu. TextBox thng c s dng nhiu vi cc ng dng trn windows form. Cc thuc tnh Text: Ni dung cha trong Textbox TextMode: Qui nh chc nng ca Textbox, c cc gi tr sau: SingleLine: Hin th v nhp liu 1 dng vn bn MultiLine: Hin th v nhp liu nhiu dng vn bn Password: Hin th du * thay cho cc k t c trong Textbox. Rows: Trong trng hp thuc tnh TextMode = MultiLine, thuc tnh Rows s qui nh s dng Vn bn c hin th. Maxlength: Qui nh s k t ti a c nhp vo cho TextBox Wrap: Thuc tnh ny qui nh vic hin th ca vn bn c c php t ng xung dng khi kch thc ngang ca ca iu khin khng hin th dng ni dung vn bn. Gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh ny l True - t ng xung dng. V d:AutoPostBack: Thuc tnh ny qui nh iu khin c c php t ng PostBack v Server khi ni dung trong Textbox b thay i hay khng. Gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh ny l False - khng t ng Postback. 11.1.5 Imageiu khin ny c dng hin th hnh nh ln trang Web. Thuc tnh ImageURL: ng dn n tp tin hnh nh cn hin th. AlternateText: Chui vn bn s hin th khi tp tin c thit lp trong thuc tnh ImageURL khng tn ti. ImageAlign: V tr hin th gia hnh v ni dung vn bn. 11.2 iu khin hp l d liu Validation Chng trc chng ta hc v nhng iu khin chun ca NetFrameWork3.5, chng ta c th dng nhng iu khin thao tc vi Webserver pha Server-Side, c th cp nht d liu. Nhng c mt tnh hung t ra l cc iu khin c m bo cho chng ta cp nht d liu ng v khng xy ra li?. V d trn Form ca ta c trng nhp s in thoi nhng ngi s dng li nhp vo l 1 dng text nh vy s gy ra li nhp liu. Vi phin bn trc ca ASP.Net l asp th khc phc li chng ta phi thc hin vit m JavaScript bt li vic , cn vi ASPNET n cung cp cho ta nhng iu khin kim tra tnh hp l ca cc iu khin nhp liu trn Form. Trong chng ny cc bn s hc v nhng iu khin v tip theo l s hc cch m rng nhng iu khin theo mun ca chng ta v d bn s to mt AjaxValidator kim tra nhp liu pha Client. iu khin Validation trong netframework3.5: RequiredFieldValidator: Yu cu ngi s dng nhp gi tr vo trng ch nh trn Form. RangeValidator: Kim tra gi tr nhp vo c nm trong mt khong nh nht v ln nht nh trc hay khng. CompareValidator: So snh gi tr nhp c bng mt gi tr ca trng khc trn Form hay khng. RegularExpressionValidator: So snh gi tr nhp vi 1 biu thc quy tc no y c th hm th, in thoi CustomValidator: Bn c th tu chnh i tng Validator theo ca mnh. ValidationSummary: cho php hin th tng hp tt c cc li trn 1 trang.11.2.1RequiredFieldValidator ngha: vi iu khin ny bn c th yu cu ngi dng phi nhp gi tr vo 1 trng ch nh trn Form. Cch s dng: a iu khin RequiredFieldValidator t ToolBox(trong phn Validation) vo trong Form v thm vo cho n 2 thuc tnh ControlToValidate: ch n iu khin s c kim tra Text(hoc ErrorMessage): Thng bo li khi kim tra V d Code 1: Trang RequiredValidator.aspx void btnAccept_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (Page.IsValid) { this.lblResult.Text = txtHoten.Text; this.txtHoten.Text = ""; } } Validator

11.2.2 iu khin CompareValidator ngha Bn c th s dng CompareValidator Kim tra gi tr nhp vo c nm trong mt khong nh nht v ln nht nh trc hay khng. Cch s dng Bn a iu khin CompareValidator t hp ToolBox vo Form v thit lp cho n mt s thuc tnh sau: ControlToValidate: ch n iu khin cn kim tra Text(ErrorMessage): Ni dung thng bo li MinimumValue: Gi tr nh nht thit lp cho i tng MaximumValue: Gi tr ln nht thit lp cho i tng Type: Kiu so snh, C th l cc gi tr Interger,String, Double, Date v Currency. V d Code 2: Trang CompareValidator.aspx void btnAccept_Click(object sender,EventArgs e) { if (Page.IsValid){ this.lblThongbao.Text = txtDiem.Text; } } RangeValidator Vo im Trong v d trn ta dng hai i tng Validator cng kim tra gi tr nhp trn iu khin txtDiem, iu khin RequiredFieldDiem dng kim tra v yu cu nhp gi tr cho txtDiem cn iu khin RangeDiem yu cu nhp gi tr trong txtDiem phi nm trong khong t 0 n 10. 11.2.3 iu khin RegularExpressionValidator ngha iu khin RegularExpressionValidator cho php bn so snh gi tr nhp ti 1 trng no trn Form vi mt quy tc nh trc. bn c th s dng cc biu thc quy tc a ra cc chui mu nh l email addresses, Social Security numbers, phone numbers, dates, currency, amounts, and product codes. Cch s dng Bn a iu khin RegularExpressValidator vo Form ca mnh v thit lp cho n mt s thuc tnh sau: ID: tn ca iu khin ControlToValidate: tr n iu khin cn kim tra Text(ErrorMessage): ni dung thng bo khi c li ValidatorExpression: quy nh mu nhp liu nh l hm th, s in thoi V dSau y s l mt v d v vic yu cu ngi s dng phi cp nht ng a ch ca hm th. Code 3: trang RegularExpressionValidator.aspx void btnAccept_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (Page.IsValid) { lblThongbao.Text = txtEmail.Text; } } RegularExpressionValidator Email:
11.2.4 iu khin CompareValidator ngha iu khin CompareValidator c 3 kiu khc nhau kim tra gi tr nhp: S dng kim tra kiu d liu S dng so snh gi tr nhp vi mt gi tr c nh S dng so snh gia tr nhp vi gi tr ca mt iu khin khc trn Form Cch s dng Bn a iu khin CompareValidator vo Form v thit lp cho n mt s thuc tnh sau: ControlToValidate: iu khin ca Form s c kim tra ControlToCompare: iu khin dng so snh gi tr Text(ErrorMessage): hin th ni dung thng bo li kho c li Type: Kiu ca gi tr s c so snh Operator: Ton t so snh. C th l cc gi tr: DataTypeCheck, Equal, GreaterThan, GreaterThanEqual, LessThan, LessThanEqual, NotEqual. V d V d 4 sau s yu cu nhp vo ngy sinh, nu ngi s dng nhp vo khng ng d liu dng ngy th s c li thng bo. Code 4: Trang CompareValidator.aspx CompareValidator
V d sau y s hng a ra trng hp vi Form to ti khon trn mt trn Web yu cu ngi ng k phi nhp mt khu 2 ln. Code 5 trang CompareValidator

11.2.5iu khin CustomValidator ngha Nu nhng iu khin Validator trn cha vi bn hoc bn mun to mt Validator ring theo mnh, bn c th dng iu khin CustomValidator, bn c th kt hp CustomValidator vi mt hm. Cch s dng v V d CustomValidator c 3 thuc tnh hay s dng l: ControlToValidator: iu khin ca Form s c kim tra Text(ErrorMessage): hin th ni dung thng bo li kho c li ClientValidationFunction: tn ca mt hm client-side thc hin kim tra trn client-side CustomValidator h tr 1 s kin ServerValidate: S kin c a ra khi CustomValidator thc hin kim chng. V d sau s s dng s kin ServerValidate kim tra di ca chui c nhp trong iu khin TextBox, nu ngi nhp, nhp vo chui c di ln hn 20 k t th iu khin CustomValidator s a ra thng bo li.V d: Code 6 trang CustomValidator.aspx void CustomValidator1_ServerValidate(object source, ServerValidateEventArgs e) { if (e.Value.Length > 20) e.IsValid = false; else e.IsValid = true; } CustomValidator

v d trn trong hm CustomValidator1_ServerValidate Tham s th 2 c truyn ti s kin ServerValidator x l. Trong thc th ca lp ServerValidateEventArgs c hai thuc tnh Value: Gi tr ca trng trn Form s c kim chng. IsValid: Din t vic kim chng cho kt qu thnh cng hoc sai.Trong v d tip theo ti s a ra cch s dng hm kim chng Client-side kt hp vi CustomValidator nh th no, Trang ny ch kim tra di ca chui nhp vo bn trong TextBox, nhng n s kim tra trn c Server v Client. Code 7. void CustomValidator1_ServerValidate(object source, ServerValidateEventArgs e) { if (e.Value.Length > 20) e.IsValid = false; else e.IsValid = true; } CustomValidator function valComments_ClientValidate(source, args) { if (args.Value.length > 20) args.IsValid = false; else args.IsValid = true; }

11.2.6iu khin ValidationSummary ngha ValidationSummary cho php bn lit k tt c cc cc li kim tra trn trang t nhng iu khin validator vo mt v tr. iu khin ny c bit tin ch vi Form c rng ln. cch s dng Bn a iu khin ValidationSummary vo Form v thit lp cho n mt s thuc tnh sau: DisplayMode: Cho php bn ch r nh dng hin th li, n c th l cc gi tr nh BulletList, List, v SingleParagraph. HeaderText: Cho php bn hin th tiu tm tt cho cc li. ShowMessageBox: Cho hin th mt popup thng bo ShowSummary: Cho php bn n ValidationSummary trn trang. v d Code 8 Trang ValidationSummary.aspx ValidationSummary *(Yu cu) *(Yu cu) 11.3 iu khin lm vic vi CSDL (Data Control)11.4 iu khin Navigation 11.5 iu khin Login 11.6 iu khin Webpart 11.7 iu khin lm vic vi bo biu 11.8 iu khin HTML iu khin HTML (tag HTML) trong trang ASP.Net c th xem nh nhng chui vn bn bnh thng. c th c s dng lp trnh pha Server, ta gn thuc tnh runat="Server" cho cc iu khin HTML . Nhng iu khin HTML (tag HTML) c thuc tnh runat="Server" c gi l HTML Server Control.Cc iu khin HTML trn thanh cng c chuyn cc iu khin HTML thnh iu khin HTML Server, ta chn Run As Server Control t thc n ng cnh.V d: Cc iu khin HTML: Label, Textbox, ButtonX l s kin: Private Sub butTong_ServerClick() txtTong.Value = Val(txtA.Value) + Val(txtB.Value) End SubV d: Upload file vi iu khin HTML File Field Trong v d sau, chng ta s thc hin Upload tp tin ln server, c th hn, tp tin va Upload s c lu trong th mc Upload. Ch : chp c tp tin ln th mc Upload, bn cn phi cp quyn cho php ghi trn th mc UploadX l s kin: Private Sub butUpload_ServerClick(, e ) Dim sTap_tin As String Dim sTen_file As String sTap_tin = fileTap_tin.PostedFile.FileName'Phn tch ng dn tp tin ly tn tp tin sTen_file = sTap_tin.Substring(sTap_tin.LastIndexOf("\") + 1, sTap_tin.Length - sTap_tin.LastIndexOf("\") + 1))'Thc hin chp tp tin ln th mc Upload fileTap_tin.PostedFile.SaveAs(Server.MapPath("Upload\") & sTen_file) lblThong_bao.InnerHtml = "Thng bo: Bn upload file thnh cng" End Sub12CC I TNG V BIN TRONG ASP.NETTrong bt k ng dng no, d l winform based hay webform based th vic giao tip (tng tc) vi ngi dng v gia cc webform vi nhau l iu bt buc. V d ta cn phi ly thng tin t hng do ngi dng nhp vo v hin th tr li ngi dng mt s thng tin hu ch khc, nh kt qu thanh tonhay mt trang chuyn tip kt qu cho mt trang khc x l v.v cc bi trc, lm iu ny chng ta thc hin d dng thng qua cc server controls nh textbox, listbox, dropdownlist, label, Tuy nhin nhng iu khin ny ch c tc dng trong mt Page cn cc trang khc th hon ton khng th c/ghi gi tr nm trong cc iu khin ny. thc hin vic giao tip (truyn d liu) gia cc webform ASP.NET cung cp mt tp cc iu khin gip ta lm vic mt cch d dng, l: i tng Request v i tng Response. Trong bi hc ny, chng ta cng tm hiu thm mt s i tng khc cng rt hay dng khi xy dng ng dng l i tng Server, Application v Session. 12.1 Respone 12.1.1 i tng Response dng lm g ?i tng ny c dng gi ni dung (mt xu) bt k v cho trnh duyt. 12.1.2 Cc thnh phn (thuc tnh v phng thc) chnhPhng thc: Response.write() dng gi gi tr biu thc truyn vo cho pha trnh duyt. Phng thc: Flush dng a d liu cn trong b m pha server v cho pha trnh duyt. Phng thc Response.Redirect(a ch URL): Chuyn ti mt trang khc. 12.1.3 V d s dngTo mt trang Login hon ton bng phng thc Response.write nh sau:Trang code s nh sau:12.2 Request 12.2.1 i tng Request dng lm g ?Request l mt i tng ca ASP.NET, n cho php c cc thng tin do cc trang khc gi (Submit) n.Post M hnh gi/c gi tr:Trang GiTrang nhnForm1 Request("txtUserName") => aptech Request("txtPassword") => 123456 aptech User name :Password: *******12.2.2Cc thnh phn (thuc tnh v phng thc) chnhPhng thc: Request.QueryString.Get("Tn_Phn t cn c"): c gi tr ca mt phn t c gi theo phng thc Get (Method = "Get") Phng thc Request.Form.Get("Tn_Phn t cn c"): c gi tr ca mt phn t c gi theo phng thc Post (Method = "Post"). Ch : C th dng Request.Form.GetValues v Request.Form.GetValues c. 12.2.3 V d s dngXy dng 2 trang web : trang Default.aspx, trong c 2 textbox cha tn v mt khu. Khi ngi dng click vo nt submit th gi tn v mt khu sang trang Webform1.aspx hin th.Trang ngun (gi): Default.aspxCode ca 2 trang s nh sau: Kt qu nhn v.Default.aspxWebform1.aspxCode x l ca trang webform1.aspx.cs 12.3 Server 12.3.1 i tng Server dng lm g ?Dng to cc i tng COM Ly thng tin v tn my nh x ng dn o thnh ng dn vt l. 12.3.2 Cc thnh phn (thuc tnh v phng thc) chnhCreateObject(COM Specification) t dng trong ng dng .NET MachineName: String; Tr v tn ca my tnh server ang chy. Mappath(Virtual path): Tr v ng dn vt l ca ng dn o tng ng. 12.3.3 V d s dngIn ra tn ca my ch hin hnh: Response.Write(Server.MachineName); Cho bit ng dn thc s trn cng (th mc vt l) ca trang hin hnh (trang default.aspx) : Server.Mappath(default.aspx); Cho bit ng dn vt l ng vi tp QLCB.Mdb, bit rng tp ny nm trong mt th mc con l App_Data: Server.Mappath(App_Data/QLDB.MDB);12.4 Application 12.4.1 i tng Application dng lm g ?Dng qun l cc bin c phm vi ton ng dng. C tc dng n mi ngi dng. 12.4.2 Khi nim bin ton ng dngBin ton ng dng l bin c tc dng i vi mi ngi dng truy cp vo website. Mi trang aspx.cs u c th truy cp n bin ny v d bt k thi im no. 12.4.3 i tng ApplicationDng qun l (To, c, ghi) cc bin c phm vi ton ng dng. C php to bin Application: Application.Add( Tn_Bin, ); V d: To bin So_Nguoi_Truy_Cap Application.Add(So_Nguoi_Truy_Cap, 0) Truy xut n bin Application: Application.Contents[Tn_Bin] hoc ch s: Application.Contents[i] V d : c v ghi bin Application. Application.Contents[SoNguoiTC] = Application.Contents[ SoNguoiTC ] + 1 Response.write(Bn l v khch th: & Application.Contents[SoNguoiTC]) Ngoi ra, i tng Application cn c 2 phng thc thng dng l Application.Lock(): kha khng cho ngi khc sa i cc bin ton cc v Application.UnLock() m kha . i tng Application cng c 2 s kin l Application_OnStart v Application_OnEND. S kin OnStart ch c kch hot duy nht mt ln khi yu cu u tin pht sinh. S kin OnEND c kch hot khi dch v web dng (unload). i tng Application c 2 phng thc l Lock v Unlock. Khi gi phng thc Lock (kha) th tt c cc ng dng khng c php thay i cc gi tr Application. cc ng dng khc c php thay i cc bin Application th gi phng thc Unlock. M lnh vit cho 2 s kin ny cng c t trong file Global.asa.12.5 Cookie 12.5.1 Cookie lm vic nh th no?Khi trnh duyt web to mt Cookie, mt ni dung s c lu vo header ca trang web vi ni dung ging nh sau: Set-Cookie: Message=Hello Phn tiu Set-Cookie ny gy ra cho trnh duyt web to mt Cookie c tn l Message v gi tr ca n l Hello. Sau khi mt Cookie c to trn trnh duyt, Mi khi trnh duyt yu cu mt trang web trong ng dng, trnh duyt s gi mt header c dng ging nh sau: Cookie: Message=Hello Tiu Cookie cha ng tt c cc Cookie m c to trn Web Server. Cookie c gi tr li mi khi mt yu cu c a ra trn trnh duyt web. Bn c th to hai kiu ca Cookie, Session Cookies v Persistent Cookies. Session cookies ch tn ti trong b nh khi trnh duyt web b ng li th n cng b xa i. Cn Persistent Cookies c th tn ti hng thng hoc hng nm. Khi bn to mt Persistent Cookies, n s c lu tr trn web browse trn my tnh ca bn. vi IE v d n s c lu tr trong mt file Text theo th mc \Documents and Settings\[user]\Cookies Cn vi FireFox n lu tr trong th mc theo ng dn sau: \Documents and Settings\ [user]\ Application Data\ Mozilla\ Firefox\ Profiles\ [randomfolder name]\ Cookies.txt bi v s lu tr cookies trn cc trnh duyt khc nhau cc th mc khc nhau ln khi bn to Cookies trn IE th n s khng tn ti trn FireFox v ngc li. 12.5.2 To CookiesBn c th to cookies vi cu lnh Response.Cookies, tt c cc Cookies s c gi t Web Server n Web Browser. V d sau y s to ra mt Cookies Message vi gi tr c ly t hp TextBox trn Form V d 1: Trang setCookies.aspx protected void Add_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Cookies["Message"].Value = txtCookies.Text; } Create Cookies Trong v d mt l chng ta to ra mt Session Cookies, cn nu bn mun to mt Persistent Cookies bn cn ch nh thi hn kt thc cho Cookies . V d 2 trang setPersistentCookies.aspx protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { int counter=0; if (Request.Cookies["counter"] != null) counter = Int32.Parse(Request.Cookies["counter"].Value); counter++; Response.Cookies["counter"].Value = counter.ToString(); Response.Cookies["counter"].Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(2); this.Label1.Text = Response.Cookies["counter"].Value; } Set Persitent Cookies Trong v d trn khi chy chng trnh mi ln bn Refresh li trang th gi tr ca Label1 s tng ln mt. V vi cu lnh Response.Cookies[counter].Expires=Datetime.Now.AddYears(2), c ngha l thi gian tn ti ca Cookie ny s l 2 nm.12.5.3c d liu t CookiesBn s dng ln Request.Cookies ly d liu t Cookies, bn xem li v d 2 trang setPersistentCookies.aspx. Khi bn c mt tp hp cc Cookies bn c th ly tt c gi tr ca cc Cookies trn website ca mnh, v d sau y s hng dn bn lm vic . V d 3 trang GetallCookies void Page_Load() { ArrayList colCookies = new ArrayList(); for (int i = 0; i < Request.Cookies.Count; i++) colCookies.Add(Request.Cookies[i]); grdCookies.DataSource = colCookies; grdCookies.DataBind(); } Get All Cookies 12.5.4 Thit lp thuc tnh cho CookiesCookies c a ra vi lp HttpCookie, khi bn to hoc ly gi tr t mt Cookie c th bn s s dng mt vi thuc tnh ca lp ny: Domain: cho php bn ch nh Domain kt hp vi Cookie. Gi tr mc nh l Domain hin ti. Expires: Cho php to Persistent Cookies vi thi hn c ch nh HasKeys: Cho php bn nh r Cookies c nhiu gi tr hay khng. HttpOnly: Cho php a ra mt Cookies t JavaScript. Name: ch nh tn cho Cookies. Path: Cho php ch nh ng dn kt hp vi Cookies. Gi tr mc nh l /. Secure: Cho php mt Cookie c chuyn tc ngang ti kt ni Sercure Sockets Layer (SSL). Value: Cho php ly hoc thit lp gi tr cho Cooki Values: Cho php bn ly hoc thit lp gi tr ring khi lm vic vi Cookies c nhiu gi tr. 12.5.5 Xa Cookies xa mt Cookie bn thit lp ngy ht hn cho Cookies l -1 V d nh cu lnh di y: Response.Cookies[Message].Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1); Trn v d trn chng ta s xa Cookie vi tn l Message. 12.5.6 Lm vic vi Cookies nhiu gi tr:Trong trnh duyt khng ln lu trc hn 20 Cookies t mt Domain, thay vo bn c th lm vic vi mt Cookie nhiu gi tr. Mt Cookies nhiu gi tr l mt Cookies n cha ng nhiu kha con, bn c th to nhiu kha con nh bn mun.Nh v d di y bn to ra mt Cookies Person nhiu gi tr, Cookie Person lu tr cc gi tr H tn, Ngy sinh v mu sc yu thch. V d 4 trang SetCookieValues.aspx protected void btnsubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Cookies["Person"]["Hoten"] = txtHoten.Text; Response.Cookies["Person"]["Ngaysinh"] = txtNgaysinh.Text; Response.Cookies["Person"]["Color"] = txtColor.Text; Response.Cookies["Person"].Expires = DateTime.MaxValue; } Set Cookie MutilValues H tn Ngy sinh Mu yu thch Vic ly gi tr ca Cookie nhiu gi tr tng t nh cc phn trn, hc vin v nh hon thin nt. 12.6 Session Bn c th cha thc s dng Cookies lu tr Shoping Cart. Mt Cookie va qu nh v qu n gin. lm vic ngoi gii hn ca Cookie ASP.NET Framework h tr mt chc nng mi c gi l Session State Ging vi Cookie Session lu tr d liu trong phm vi ring vi tng ngi s dng. Nhng khng ging vi Cookie Session khng gii hn dung lng, nu bn cn bn c th lu tr hng Gigabyte d liu, hn th na Session c th a ra iu i tng phc tp hn l chui Text. Bn c th lu tr mt vi i tng trong Session. V d bn c th lu tr mt Dataset hay mt Shoping cart trong Session. 12.6.1 thm d liu vo SessionBn thm d liu vo trng thi Session bng vic s dng i tng Session, V d sau y s thm mt d liu vo Session c tn l Message v gi tr ca n l Hello World V d 1: Trang Sessionset.aspx protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Session["Message"] = "Hello World"; } Session set Session state item added! 12.6.2Ly d liu t mt SessionV d: Trang Sessionset.aspx protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { lblsession.Text = Session["Message"].ToString(); } Session get Bn lu rng cng nh Cookie khi mt Session c to ra, mt trng thi session c tn ASP.NET_SessionID c t ng thm vo trnh duyt ca bn v Session ny c lu tr trn web server v khng lu tr trn webClient. V khi bn tt trnh duyt i th Session ny ca bn vn tn ti trong khong thi gian quy nh, m ASP.NET Framework quy nh thi gian mc nh ca Session l 20 pht. bn c th thit lp thi gian nhiu hn. 12.6.3 Lu tr c s d liu trong SessionBn c th to Session state to mt vng nh cho ngi s dng. v d bn c th ti d liu cho mt ngi s dng v cho php ngi s dng sp xp hay lc d liu.12.6.4S dng i tng SessionChng trnh ng dng chnh giao tip v lm vic vi Session State l lp HttpSessionState. i tng ny c th hin bi cc thuc tnh Page.Session, Context.Session, UserControl.Session, Webservice.Session v Application.Session. c ngha l bn c th lm vic vi Session bt k u trong ng dng web. Lp HttpSessionState h tr cc thuc tnh sau: CookieMode: c cho php Cookie Session hay khng? Count: cho php ly s d liu trong Session State IsCookieless: Cho php ch r c cho php Cookieless hay khng? IsNewSessionEnables you to determine whether a new user session was created with the current request. IsReadOnlyEnables you to determine whether the Session state is read-only. KeysEnables you to retrieve a list of item names stored in Session state. ModeEnables you to determine the current Session state store provider. Possible values are Custom, InProc, Off, SqlServer, and StateServer. SessionIDEnables you to retrieve the unique session identifier. TimeoutEnables you to specify the amount of time in minutes before the web server assumes that the user has left and discards the session. The maximum value is 525,600 (1 year). i tng HttpSessionState h tr cc phng thc sau: Abandon: Cho php kt thc Session ca mt ngi s dng. Clear: Cho php xo ton b d liu trong Session State. Remove: cho php bn xo tng phn t trong Session State 12.6.5 iu khin s kin SessionC hai s kin c lin quan vi Session State m bn c th iu khin n trong file Global.asax l s kin Session_Start v Session_End. Session_Start xy ra khi mt Sesion mi ca ngi s dng c to ra. Bn c th s dng s kin ny load thng tin ca ngi s dng ra t c s d li