02 Yasin Fahjan Presentation

8/2/2019 02 Yasin Fahjan Presentation

1/43

Selec t ion, Sc al ing And Sim ulat ion Of InputSelec t ion, Sc al ing And Sim ulat ion Of InputGround Mot ion For T im e His t ory Analys isGround Mot ion For T im e His t ory Analys is

Of St ruc t uresOf St ruc t ures

YASIN M. FAHJ AN

Department of Earthquake and Structural SciencesGebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

fahjan@gy t e.edu .t r

Univers idade do MinhoDepar t am ent o de Engenhar ia Civi l

SEMINAR AND LUNCH ON EARTHQUAK EENGINEERIN G AND HISTORIC MA SONRY

J uly 12, 2010


2/43

OUTLINEOUTLINES OF THE SEMINERS OF THE SEMINER

Sei sm i c An alys es of St r uc t ur es

Source o f Ac c e le rogram s

Selec t ion o f T im e His tory Rec ords

Met hods o f Ground Mot ion Sc a l ing o f

Ear thquak e T im e H is to r ies

Cr i t er ia for Evaluat ion of Resul t ed

Acce le rograms


3/43

St a t i c Equiva lent Method

(Spect ra l Acc e lera t ion a t Fi rs t Nat ura l Per iod o f St ruc t ure )

INPUT MOTIONS FOR EARTHQUAK EINPUT MOTIONS FOR EARTHQUAK E

STRCUTURAL ANALYSESSTRCUTURAL ANALYSES

Classical Earthquake Resistant DesignsClassical Earthquake Resistant Designs


4/43

Modal Com b inat i on Met h od

(Spect ra l Acc e lera t ion a t a l l Ef fec t ive Natura l Per iods o f St ruc t ure )



Classical Earthquake Resistant DesignsClassical Earthquake Resistant Designs


5/43

HOW TOHOW TO GETGET DESIGN SPECTRUMDESIGN SPECTRUM ??

Ear t h quak e Des ig n Codes (NEHRP 1997 , IBC2003 ,Eu roCode 8 )

Det e rm i nis t i c an d Probab il is t i c Hazard Analys is

T0 TS 1.0

SM1

SMS

Sa=SM1/ T

Period

Sa

0.4 SMS


6/43

Li nea r Dyna m ic (Acc e lera t i on T ime H is to ry )



Time Domain AnalysesTime Domain Analyses


7/43

Nonl inear Dynam ic (Acc e lera t i on T im e H ist o ry )



Time Domain AnalysesTime Domain Analyses


8/43

SOURCE OF ACCELEROGRAM SSOURCE OF ACCELEROGRAMS

Real Ac c e le rogram s

Ar t i f ic ial Acc e lerograms

Syn t he t ic Ac c ele ro gra m s


9/43

FACTORS INFLUENCINGFACTORS IN FLUENCING REALREAL

ACCELEROGRAMSACCELEROGRAMS

Source

Magni tude

Rupt ure Mec han ism

Di rec t i v i t y

Foc al Dept h

Path Crusta l St ruc t ure

Si te

Surfac e Geology

Topography

St ruc tu res


10/43

RULES FOR SCALIN G TIME HISTORIES ACCORDIN GRULES FOR SCALIN G TIME HISTORIES ACCORDIN G

TO FIT DESIGN CODE SPECTURMTO FIT DESIGN CODE SPECTURM

Guidance On How To Ac t ua ll y Se lec t Approp ri ate Rea l

Rec ords Is Usual ly Foc used On Com pat ib i l i t y Wi t h

The Response Spec t rum Rat her Than Seism ologic a lParameters

UBC 1997 A nd IBC 2000

Max imumSt ruc t ura l Response I f ThreeRec ords Used

AverageSt ruc t ura l Response I f SevenRec ords Used

(SRSS) Of The Tw o Hor izont a l Com ponents Shou ld

Not Be Less Than 1.4 The Des ign Spec t rum Ordinat es

In The Range From 0.2T To 1.5T (UBC 1997 )


11/43

RULES FOR SCALIN G TIM E HISTORIES ACCORDIN GRULES FOR SCALIN G TIM E HISTORIES ACCORDIN G

TO FIT DESIGN CODE SPECTURMTO FIT DESIGN CODE SPECTU RM

Sc aled Spec t rum Should Not Be Less Than 0.9 The

Design Spec t rum Ordinat es In The Range From 0.2T1 To

2T1 (DBYBHY 2007); T1 is t he f i rs t fundam ent a l Per iod of

the St ruc t u re Eart hquak e Rec ord durat ion > 5 T1 and > 15 sec

T10.2 T1 2 T1

> 5 T1

> 15 sec


12/43

Ground Mot ion Sc al ing

in T ime Dom ain

Spec t ra l Mat c h ing in

Frequenc y Dom ain

Spec t ra l Matc h ing by

Wavlets

Spec t rum Compat ib le

Ar t i f i c ia l Rec ord

Generat ion

Proc ess ing Of Ground M ot ion To Fi tProc essin g Of Ground Mot ion To Fi t

Response Spec t ra (Response Spec t ra (Real and Ar t i f i c ia lRea l and Ar t i f i c ia l

Acce le rogramsAcce le rograms))

Bommer & Acevedo 2004


13/43

REAL ACCELEROGRAMSREAL ACCELEROGRAMS

Advantages

Ground-m ot ion Charac t er i s t i c s (Ampl i t ude,

Frequenc y And Energy Cont ent , Durat ion And

Phase Charac t er i s t i c s )

Charac t er is t ic s Of The Sourc e, Pat h And Si t e

Disadvantages Not A l l Magn i tude-

Distance-Soi l

Com binat ions Are

Covered Response Spec t ra Are

Genera l ly Not Sm oot hed.


14/43

PEER WEBSIT E 2PEER WEBSIT E 2

http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat


15/43

PEER STRONG MOTION DATAB ASEPEER STRONG MOTION DATA BA SE

Foc a l Mec hanismSt r ik e s l ip, Norm al, Reverse norm al, Reverse-obl iqu e,

Normal-obl ique

Magnit ude (ML, M, MS)

Dist anc e t o Faul tClosest , Hypoc ent ra l , Pro jec t ion of fau l t p lane

Si t e Classi f i ca t i on and Mapped Loca l

Geology

Inst rum ent Hous ingFree-f ie ld , she l ter Type


16/43


17/43

GROUND MOTION SCAL ING IN TIME DOMAINGROUND MOTION SCAL ING IN TIME DOMAIN

Nikolaou, 1998


18/43

DEVELOPMENT OF DISPLACEMENTDEVELOPMENT OF DISPLACEMENT

RESPONSE SPECTRUMRESPONSE SPECTRUM

FEMA 451


19/43

GROUND MOTION SCAL INGGROUND MOTION SCAL ING

IN TIME DOMAI NIN TIME DOMAIN ((SCAL ING ON AMPLITUDE)SCAL ING ON AMPLITUDE)

Matc h t o Peak GroundAc c elerat ion (PGA)

Matc h Spec t ra l Acce le ra t ion

at Spec i f ic Per iod

Cimellaro 2007


20/43

SCALING ON AMPLITUDESCALING ON AMPLITUDE

Matc h Spec t ra l Acc e le ra t ion

At Per iod Range usingleas t square Method

Matc h Mu l t ip le Mot ions

mat ch t he med ian usingLeast Square Met hod

Cimellaro 2007


21/43

TI ME SCAL ED EARTHQUAK E RECORDSTIME SCAL ED EARTHQUAK E RECORDS


22/43

SCAL E IN FREQUENCY DOMA INSCALE IN FREQUENCY DOMAI N

Nikolaou, 1998


23/43

Nikolaou, 1998

SCALE IN FREQUENCY DOMAINSCALE IN FREQUENCY DOMAI N ((con tcon t .).)


24/43

SCAL E IN FREQUENCY DOMA INSCALE IN FREQUENCY DOMA IN


25/43

SCALE IN FREQUENCY DOMA INSCALE IN FREQUENCY DOMA IN


26/43

SPECTRAL MATCHI NGSPECTRAL MATCHING USING WAVELETSUSING WAVELETS

Adjus t t he o r ig ina l record i te ra t i ve ly i n t he t ime

domain to ach ieve c ompat ib il i t y w i th a spec i f ied

t a rget acc e lera t i on response spec t rum by adding

w ave let s hav ing spec i f ied per iod ranges and l im i t ed

dura t ions to t he inpu t t ime h i s to ry .

RSPMATCH sof t w are developed by Abraham son

(1992 )


27/43

L is t o f c and ida te ear t hquak e records usedL is t o f c and ida te ear t hquak e records usedforfor RSPMatchRSPMatch


28/43

Ac c e le ra t ion , Ve loc i t y And Displacem entAc c e le ra t ion , Ve loc i t y And Disp lac em ent

Spec t ra ForSpec t ra For RSPMATCHRSPMATCH Generat ed Rec ordsGenerat ed Rec ords


29/43

DISCUSSIONS and CONCLUSIONSDISCUSSIONS and CONCLUSIONS

RSPMatc h program requ i res a se t o f eart hquake records

t ha t in i t ia l l y have considerable com pat ib i l it y w i th t he

ta rget spec t rum. The mat c h ing procedure is not robust

and program request s a lo t o f param eters re la ted t o

add i t iona l w ave le t i te ra t ions . The c onvergence is not

guaranteed for many cand idate rec ords .

The average o f , acc e lera t ion ve loc i t y and d isplacem ent

spec t ra for the m atc hed records us ing RSPMatc h have

exc e l len t f i t w i th t he design spec t ra .


30/43

ARTIFICIAL ACCELEROGRAMSARTIFICIAL ACCELEROGRAMS

Generat ed To Matc h A Target Response

Spect rum

Eart hquak e Mot ion As The Out put From

Fi l t ers And Use Of Syst em Response For

A Whi t e Noise Input

Disadvantages

Rec ords General ly Have An Exc ess iveNum ber Of Cyc les Of St rong Mot ion,

And Consequent ly Have Unreal is t ic a l ly

High Energy Cont ent


31/43

SPECTRUM COMPATIBLE ARTIFICIAL RECORDSPECTRUM COMPATIBLE ARTIFICIAL RECORD

GENERATION (GENERATION (SIMQKESIMQKE ))

SIMQKE (Gaspar in i and Vanmarc k e , 1976)

c omput es a pow er spec t ra l dens i t y func t ion f rom a

spec i f ied sm oot h response spec t rum and uses t h isfunc t ion to der ive the am pl i tudes o f s inuso ida l

s ignals w h ich have random phase ang les un i fo rmly

d ist r i but ed bet w een 0 and 2. The s inus oidal

m ot ions a re sum m ed to genera te a t ime h i s to ryrecord

In o rder to ge t o ther c harac t e r is t i c s o f a rt i f ic i a l

spec t rum -c om pat ib le rec ord , such as dura t ion , i t i s

necessary t o ob t a in supp lem entary i n format ionabout t he ex pec t ed ear thquake m ot ion apar t f rom

t he response spec t rum.


32/43

SPECTRUM COMPATIBLE ARTIFICIAL RECORDSPECTRUM COMPATIBLE ARTIFICIAL RECORD

GENERATION (GENERATION (TARSCTHSTARSCTHS ))

The c ode TARSCTHS (Papageorgiou et a l ., 2002)

uses non-s ta t i onary s toc hast i c vec t o r p rocesses t ogenerat e ar t i f i c ia l t im e h ist or ies f rom a user

def ined e las t i c response spec t rum . The it e ra t i ve

schem e i s appl i ed in f requenc y domain w here the

phase angles o f the des i red m ot ion are random lygenerat ed Ground Mot ion Sc al ing in T im e Dom ain


33/43

Ac c e lera t ion , Ve loc i t y And Disp lac em ent Spec t ra AndAc c e lera t ion , Ve loc i t y And Disp lac em ent Spec t ra And

Duc t i l i t y Dem and ForDuc t i l i t y Dem and For SIMQK E Genera t ed Rec ordsSIMQKE Genera t ed Rec ords

Trapezo ida l in tens i ty enve lope w i th ear thquake r ise t ime=2.5 sec ,ear thquake leve l t im e=12sec , des i red dura t ion o f acc e le ra t ion=35sec and

des i red max imum ground acc e le ra t ion = 0.3 g

f i l t ered (0.1-20Hz)and basel ine

cor rected


34/43

SPECTRUM COMPATIBLE ARTIFICIALSPECTRUM COMPATIBLE ARTIFICIAL

RECORD GENERATIONRECORD GENERATION

Using e i ther TARSCTHS or SIMQKE, t he average of

genera ted records acc e lera t ion , ve loc i t y and

d isp lac ement spec t ra have inadequate f i t t i ng for

longer per iods.

For opt ion w i t h no envelope in SIMQK E, non-real is t ic

records t ha t do no t represen t t he genera lc harac t e r is t i c s o f rea l ear thquakes a re genera ted .

Even though t he unf il t e red t im e h is tor ies have the

same f i t fo r t he des ign spec t rum as f i l t e red t ime

h is tor ies , unrea l is t i c non l inear behav ior c an beobserv ed for t he val id p er iod r ange (0.1s-10s).


35/43

SYNTH ETIC ACCELEROGRAMSSYNTHETIC ACCELEROGRAMS

St oc hast ic Point Sourc e and Fin i t e Sourc e ((Boore, 2003;

At k inson and Boore, 1997)

Synt hes ize Ear t hquak e Mot ion Us ing A Faul t Dis loc at ion

Model Or Em pir ic a l Greens Func t ion Model Def in i t ion Of A Spec i f ic Ear t hquak e Sc enar io

Most Wide ly used EMPSYN Program L. Hutc h ings (1976)

Geophys ic a l Param et ers

Hypocenter Seismic Moment Sl ip Vec t or Asper i t ies Rupture Ve loc i t y

Rise T im e St ress Drop

Philippe Rosset, Jean-Jacques Wagner (2000)


36/43

CRETERIA FOR EVALUA TI ONCRETERIA FOR EVALU AT ION THE RESULTINGTHE RESULTING


Resu lt i ng acc e le rogram s m ust have rea l i s t i c

cha rac te r i s t i cs of ear thquak es in te rm s o f

am pl i tude , f requenc y c onten t and dura t ion .

A basel ine cor rec t ion and f i l t e r ing should be

per fo rm ed t o the generat ed or mat c hed

acc e lera t ion t im e h ist o r ies .

The ac c e le ra t ion , ve loc i t y and displacem ent

t im e h ist o r ies shou ld be ex am ined to ensure

t ha t t hey a re reasonably c lose t o t he ta rge t

va lues in te rm s o f peak va lues , w ave form ,s t rong shak ing durat ion and o t her c r i t i c a l

feat ures such as t he near -fau l t ve loc i t y pu lse

CRETERIA FOR EVALUATI ONCRETERIA FOR EVALUATI ON THE RESULTINGTHE RESULTING


37/43

CRETERIA FOR EVALUATI ONCRETERIA FOR EVALUATI ON THE RESULTINGTHE RESULTING


Pow er spec t ra l dens i ty func t ion shou ld be

ex am ined to ensure a board dis t r ibu t ion o f

energy in the f ina l spec t rum -c om pat ib le

m ot ion as a func t ion o f Four ier per iod and

t here are no sign if i can t de f ic ienc ies in t he

energy a t pe riods impor tan t t o t he st ruc t u re

In rea l ear thquak e rec ords, average of t he

duc t i l i t y fac t o r is ex pec t ed to be equa l t o

s t ruc t u ra l behavio r fac t o r a t longer periods

(equal d isplacem ent ru le) espec ia l ly forve loc i t y and d isp lac em ent sens it i ve spec t ra l

reg ions (Chop ra, 2000).


38/43

Real is t i c Ac c e le ra t ion , Ve loc i t y andRea l is t i c Ac c e le ra t ion , Ve loc i t y and

Disp lacementDisp lacement


39/43

Ac c e lera t ion , Ve loc i t y And Disp lac em ent Spect ra AndAc c e lera t ion , Ve loc i t y And Disp lac em ent Spec t ra And

Duc t i l i t y Dem and ForDuc t i l i t y Dem and For T ime Sc a led Rec ordsT ime Sc a led Rec ords


40/43


Duc t i l i t y Dem and ForDuc t i l i t y Dem and For SIMQK E Genera t ed Rec ordsSIMQKE Genera t ed Rec ords

Trapezo ida l in tens i ty enve lope w i th ear thquake r ise t ime=2.5 sec ,ear thquake leve l t im e=12sec , des i red dura t ion o f acc e le ra t ion=35sec and

des i red max imum ground acc e le ra t ion = 0.3 g


cor rected

Ac c e lera t ion Veloc i t y And Disp lac em ent Spec t ra AndAc c e lera t ion Veloc i t y And Disp lac em ent Spec t ra And


41/43


Duc t i l i t y Dem and ForDuc t i l i t y Dem and For TARSCTH Generat ed Rec ordsTARSCTH Generat ed Rec ords


cor rected

TARSCTHS program requ i res mom ent m agni t ude and ep ic entr a ld is tance o f scenar io ear thquake to c omput e dura t ion


42/43


Duc t i l i t y Dem and ForDuc t i l i t y Dem and For RSPMATCH Genera t ed Rec ordsRSPMATCH Genera t ed Rec ords


43/43

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

02 Yasin Fahjan Presentation

Documents

Transcript of 02 Yasin Fahjan Presentation