· ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh] çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS] eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k]...

$: · ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh]** çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS]** eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k] ^^ijrq ejs vnj dksbZ dVqrk D;ka gkuh pkfg, \ eSa ek= viuk dk;Z djus dk ç;kl dj$
jaik dh dgkuh(The Rampa Story)

eSa nhi tykrk g¡w

(I Lit a candle)

jaik dh dgkuh(The Rampa Story)

ewy ys[kdVh- yksclkax jEik

fgUnh :ikUrj.k drkZMkW- osn çdk'k xqIrk

'kks/kdk;ksZa ds fgrkFkZ fu%'kqYd forj.k ds fy;s

izFke bZ laLdj.k 2016 & bZ 1-00

çkfIr LFky % email : [email protected] [email protected]

fo"k; lwph

v/;k; ,d % 1

v/;k; nks % 14

v/;k; rhu % 32

v/;k; pkj % 47

v/;k; ikWp % 65

v/;k; NS% % 82

v/;k; lkr % 101

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v/;k; u© 132

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ys[kd dk çkôFku

^^dksbZ dVqrk ughaa]** çdk'kd egksn; us dgkA

^^Bhd gS]** eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k] ^^ijarq esjs vanj dksbZ dVqrk D;ksa gksuh pkfg, \ eSa ek=

viuk dk;Z djus dk ç;kl dj jgk gWwa& tSlk funsZf'kr fd;k x;k gS] ,d iqLrd dks fy[kus dkA**

^^çsl (press) ds f[kykQ dqN “h ughaa!** çdk'kd egksn; us dgkA ^^dqN “h ughaa!!**

^^fç;] fç;]** eSaus Lo;a ls dgk ^^og eq>s D;k le>rk gS \** blfy, ,slk gh gksxkA çsl ds

f[kykQ dqN “h ughaaA vkf[kjdkj] os lksprs gSa fd] os viuk dke dj jgs gSa] v©j ;fn mUgsa xyr

tkudkjh nh tkrh gS] rks eSa ekurk gwaW fd] mUgsa iwjh rjg mÙkjnk;h ughaa Bgjk;k tk ldrkA ijarq

çsl ds laca/k esa esjs fopkj \ u] u] ughaaA fo"k; ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd dqN ughaaA

;s iqLrd ^^rhljh vkaW[k]** v©j ^^Ygklk dk MkWDVj** ds ckn esa vkrh gSA ,dne çkjaÒ esa gh

eSa vkidks ;g crkus tk jgk gWwa fd ;s lR; gS] xYi (fiction) ughaaA gj pht] tks eSaus viuh igyh

nks iqLrdksa esa fy[kh gS] lR; gS v©j esjk [kqn dk] futh vuqÒo gSA tks eSa vc fy[kus tk jgk gWwa] og

ekuo ds O;fäRo dh tfVyrk v©j mlds vge~ ls lEca/k j[krk gS] og Kku] ftlds fo"k; esa ge

lqnwj iwoZ (far east) ds yksx] c[kwch tkurs gSaA

rFkkfi] vxzs"k.k esa v©j vf/kd ughaaA iqLrd Lo;a eas gh ,d pht gSA

i

vuqoknd dk fuosnuçLrqr iqLrd ekuuh; yksclkax jEik dh r`rh; Ñfr "The Rampa Story" dk fgUnh

:ikarj.k gSA igyh iqLrd] **rhljh vkWa[k** muds cpiu dh nkLrku ¼yxÒx pkj ls lksyg o"kZ dhvk;q rd½ gS] tcfd mudh nwljh iqLrd ^^Ygklk dk MkWDVj** mudh fd'kksj ,oa ;©ou voLFkk¼yxÒx lksyg ls isarhl o"kZ dh vk;q rd½ dh xkFkk gSA ;g rhljh iqLrd ^^jEik dh dgkuh** mudsi'pkr~orhZ thou dh dgkuh gS] bl çdkj bu rhu iqLrdksa esa jEik dh iwjh thou dFkk lesVh x;hgSA 'ks"k iqLrdksa esa xw<+ jgL;] /keZ] ;ksx] vk/;kRe] lekt vkfn fofÒé fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ dh xbZ gSA

ys[kd ds vuqlkj] bl iqLrd dks fy[kus dk mudk dksbZ fopkj ughaa Fkk] ijUrq mudsikjy©fdd lkfFk;ksa }kjk] blesa fo'ks"k:i ls ijdk;k ços'k dh ÄVuk dks crkus ds fy;s mu ij]ncko Mkyk x;kA vr% chekjh dh voLFkk esa Òh mUgksaus ;g iqLrd fy[khA bl iqLrd esa] mudh bliqLrd dks fy[ks tkus ds le; rd dh] iwjh xkFkk gSA vf/kdka'k ÄVuk;sa] f}rh; fo'o;q) dhi`"BÒwfe esa gSA vr% iqLrd dks vkt ds ctk;] yxÒx l© o"kZ iwoZ dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa i`"BÒwfe esans[kk tkuk pkfg;sA vkt dk frCcr yxÒx iwjh rjg cny pqdk gSA phu us] ogkWa lM+dksa dk tkyfcNk fn;k gS] ftu ij gj le; lÒh rjg ds okgu æqr xfr lss n©M+rs gSaA phu us vR;f/kd ek=kesa [kfutksa dk nksgu fd;k gSA O;kikfjd xfrfof/k;ksa ,oa i;ZVu lqfo/kkvksa dk i;kZIr fodkl gqvk gSArFkkfi] Lora= frCcr dh ekWax ds leFkZu esa vkUnksyu vÒh Fkes ughaa gSa] ;nkdnk LFkkuh; yksxksa dsfojks/k v©j vkRenkg ds ekeys “h lkeus vkrs jgrs gSaA

frCcr dk vFkZ gS fgeky; vkSj fgeky; dk vFkZ gS frCcrA nksuksas gh ,dnwljs ds i;kZ; vkSj vuqiwjd gSaA vr% ;gkWa fgeky; ds laca/k esa dqN tkudkjh nsuk lehphu gksxkAegkfoLQksV (Big Bang) ds fl)kUr ds vuqlkj l`f"V dk çkjaÒ yxÒx 15&20 [kjc o"kZ igysegk'kwU; ls gqvk FkkA d.kksa ds :i esa ÅtkZ ls inkFkZ cus vkSj os /khes&/khes ÄuhÒwr vkSj B.Ms gksrsx,A czEgk.M ds vusd LFkkuksa ij inkFkZ dh /kwy 'ks"k LFkkuksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ÄuhÒwr gks xbZ]blls vusd uhgkfjdk;sa (Galaxies) vkSj rkjs (stars) mRié gq,A gekjh uhgkfjdk dk ukevkdk'kxaxk (milky way) gSA gekjk lw;Z vkdk'k xaxk dk ,d rkjk gSA gekjk lkSje.My yxÒx 2[kjc o"kZ iqjkuk gSA ;g lÒh lw;Z /khes&/khes vkSj B.Ms gq,] rÒh gekjs tyrs gq, lw;Z ds xksys esa lsdqN VqdM+s fxj dj vyx gks x,] tks xzg (planets) cus vkSj vius&vius Òkj ds vuqlkj ¼lclsgYdk lcls ikl vkSj lcls cM+k lcls nwj½] lw;Z dh fofÒé d{kkvksa esa Äw.kZu djrs gq,] ifjØekdjus yxsA i`Foh Òh bu xzgksa esa ls ,d Fkh] tks vÒh Òh tyrh gqbZ xSlksa dk xksyk FkhA /khes&/khesi`Foh B.Mh gks dj Bksl cu xbZ vkSj yxÒx 6 vjc o"kZ igys vfLrRo esa vkbZ] ijarq vÒh Òh ;gthou /kkj.k djus ds ;ksX; ugha FkhA B.Mh gksrs gksrs] bldh ckgjh irZ te dj Bksl gks xbZ] tcfdbldk ØksM (core) vÒh Òh æo voLFkk esa gSA yxÒx nks vjc o"kZ igys] i`Foh ij thou çkjaÒ dhifjfLFkfr;kWa cuha] rc ls vc rd] fofÒé dkj.kksa ls vufxur ckj] i`Foh vkckn vkSj ohjku gks djçy; dks çkIr gks pqdh gSA i`Foh ij vusd fge;qx (ice age) vk pqds gSaA [kxksy'kkfL=;ksa(Astronomers) vkSj ÒwxÒZ foKkfu;ksa (Geologists) ds vuqlkj orZeku esa i`Foh dh lrg dk Åijdk vkSlru yxÒx 30 ehy dk fgLlk gh iiM+h ds :i esa Bksl cuk gSA i`Foh ds xÒZ esa vÒh Òh]lÒh inkFkZ] xeZ fiÄys gq, æo ds :Ik esa gSaA i`Foh dh ;g iiM+h Òh vfofPNé (continuous) ughagS] cfYd vusd IysVksa] ftUgsa VsDVksfud IysV (tectonic plates) dgrs gSa] ds :i esa gSa] tks blfiÄys gq, ØksM ds Åij rSjrh gSa] vkSj le;≤ ij vkil esa Vdjkrh jgrh gSaA bu IysVksa dsVdjkus ds QyLo:i Ò;adj ÒwdEi vkrs gaS] ftuesa vusd Òw Òkx i`Foh ds xrZ esa lek tkrs gSa] vkSj

ii

i`Foh ds Åij vusd u, Òw Òkx] egk}hi (continents) vkSj ioZrksa (mountains) ds :i esa mÒjvkrs gSaA

fgeky; ioZr] fo'o ds uohure ioZrksa esa ls ,d gS] tks yxÒx 7 ls 4 djksM+ o"kZ iwoZ]baMks&vkWLVªsfy;kbZ VsDVksfud IysVksa ds Vdjkus ds QyLo:i cuk FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd] ;g ,ddPpk igkM+ gS] tgkWa Bksl pÍkusa de vkSj dPph feÍh vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k] iwjs fgeky; {ks= esa o"kZÒj esa ÒwLo[kyu (land slides) gksrs jgrs gSaA fgeky; dk {ks=] vÒh Òh ÒwwdEi ds vfrlaosnu'khy{ks= esa vkrk gS] ;gkWa ;nk dnk ÒwdEi vkrs gh jgrs gSaA

fgeky; {ks= esa i`Foh dh iiM+h dh eksVkbZ] yxÒx 75 ehy gS tcfd fgeky; dh mPprepksVh] ,sojsLV (everest) dh ÅWapkbZ 29029 QhV ;k 5-6 ehy gS vFkkZr~ ;gkaW i`Foh dh Bksl irZ dheksVkbZ yxÒx 70 ehy gSA bldks le>us ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k ns[ksaA

eku ysa iwjh rjg Òjs gq, vkSj yns gq, nks Vªd] ,d nwljs dh rjQ viuh ihB fd, [kM+s gSaAvpkud gh muds Mªkboj] rsth ls mUgsa mYVk pykrs gq,] ,d nwljs ls Vdjk nsrs gSaA Li"V gS fd]nksuksa Vªdksa ds fiNys fgLls vkil esa Vdjk dj eyos dk <+sj mRiUUk djsaxs] ftlesa dqN uhps fxjtk,xk vkSj 'ks"k <sj ds :i esa Åij mB tk,xkA Bhd oSls gh] tc nks VsDVksfud IysVsa vkil esaVdjkbZa] rks dqN eyok fiÄys gq, ykos ds vkarfjd ØksM esa fxj x;k] tcfd vU; cM+k Òkx] tehuds Åij <sj ds :Ik esa çdV gks x;kA ØksM esa eyok fxjus ds dkj.k] fiÄyrk gqvk ykok] tgkWa lsÒh detksj LFkku feyk] ogha ls rsth ls mcyrs gq, Tokykeq[kh ds :i esa çokfgr gqvkA bl VDdjdh ÅtkZ dk vuqeku yxkuk ljy ugha gSA bl çdkj ls] tgkWa fgeky; mBk og LFkku i`Foh lsyxÒx 5-6 ehy Åij rFkk 70 ehy uhps rd foLrkfjr gks x;kA Qyr% fgyky; {ks= esa i`Foh dhiiM+h dh eksVkbZ 75 ehy gks xbZA ;g iwjh fØ;k iyd >idrs gq, gqbZ] ftls ykek yksclkax jEik us]vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa ds ek/;e ls] thoUr çLrqr fd;k gSA

gekjk czEgk.M ckgj dh vksj yxkrkj QSyrk tk jgk gS vkSj ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj 50[kjc o"kksZa rd foLrkfjr gksrk jgsxkA rc blesas bldh foijhr çfØ;k] ladqpu dh çfØ;k] çkjaÒgksxh vkSj czEgk.M dh laiw.kZ ÅtkZ vkSj æO;eku] ÅtkZ ds :i esa fQj ls ,d fcUnq esa lek tk;sxkA

çkjaÒ esa frCcr] ckWu (Bon) jktra=h; O;oLFkk ds v/khu Fkk] ckn esa c©)/keZ ds çeq[knykbZykek v©j iapsu ykekvksa dh ijaijk ,oa mudk çÒqRo LFkkfir gqvk v©j ;s /keZkpk;Z gh] jktçeq[k cu x;sA “kjr esa vaxzsth jkT; ds le; esa] frCcr dk Lora= vfLrROk FkkA laiw.kZ fo'o lsvyx&Fkyx frCcr] lfn;ksa rd /kkfeZd vkLFkkvksa ,oa vk/;kfRed xfrfof/k;ksa dk x<+ cuk jgkA dqNle; igys rd] frCcr ds laca/k esa] fo'o esa tkudkjh yxÒx ux.; FkhA frCcr] ,d 'kkar] fgeky;ioZrh; {ks= gS] ftlesa vufxfur xqQk,sa] danjk,sa ,oa lqjaxsa gSa] tks bls vk/;kfRed lk/kukvksa dsfy;s ,dne mfpr okrkoj.k çnku djrha gSaA fgeky; dk {ks=] lÒh çdkj dh ,dkarvk/;kfRed ,oa rkaf=d lk/kukvksa ds fy;s çfl) jgk gSA ;gkWa fgUnqvksa v©j c©)ksa ds vusd çfl)rhFkZ gSaA vkt “h vusd oSfnd lar] frCcr esa lk/kuk djrs gSa vFkok djus dh bPNk j[krs gSaA ra= usbldks vkSj vf/kd jgL;e; cuk fn;k gSA laiw.kZ fo'o] frCcr ds xw<+ jgL;ksa dks tkuus] le>us dsfy;s ykykf;r gSA

çLrqr iqLrd yxÒx 60 o"kZ iwoZ fy[kh xbZ FkhA ftlesa ys[kd us f}rh; fo'o;q) dhlekfIr vkSj gjksf'kek ij ijek.kq ce fxjk;s tkus ls mRié ÒxnM+ vkSj vO;oLFkk ds chp] mudstkiku ls Òkxus ds ckn dh ÄVukvksa vkSj :l] ikSys.M] teZuh] Ýkal] bVyh] fLoV~tjySaM]vk;jyS.M] baXyS.M] dukMk o vesfjdk vkfn ns'kksa dh ;k=kvksa ds laca/k esa vius vuqÒo crk;s gSa]ftlesa mUgsa vf/kdrj bZ";kZ] /kks[kk] voekuuk] fo'oklÄkr ,oa ns'k ls fu"dklu rd dh ltk feyhA

iii

rRdkyhu lekt ds nqO;Zogkj ls] os gj txg vkgr ,oa ihfM+r gksrs jgsA baXyS.M esa] LFkkuh;fuoklh lkbfjy gSujh gksfLdu (Cyril Hennery Hoskin) ¼tUe 1911½] dh dk;k esa ços'k djus dsckn] mUgsa csjkstxkjh dk na'k >syuk iM+kA var esa] vius ijyksd oklh xq: ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi ,oavU; 'kqÒsPNqvkas ds lq>ko ij] mUgksaus iqLrdsa fy[kuk çkjaÒ fd;kA bl chp] mUgsa fQj ls frCcrdh ;k=k djuh iM+hA ogkWa mUgksaus lkE;oknh phu ds }kjk LFkkuh; frCcfr;ksa] fÒ{kq ,oa fÒ{kqf.k;ksa ijgksus okys vR;kpkjksa dks Òh ns[kkA vÒh rd dk bfrgkl crkrk gS fd] çR;sd vkØked QkSt ,oans'k] loZizFke foftr ns'k dh lH;rk] çfrÒk vkSj laL—fr;ksa ds fpUgksa ,oa /kjksgjksa dk fouk'k djrkgSA teZuh] tkiku] phu ;gkWa rd fd] ikfdLrku us Òh ckaXykns'k esa ;gh fd;k Fkk] rkfd LFkkuh;]fo'ks"kdj] ns'kÒä turk dk] eukscy rksM+k tk lds vkSj ml ij viuh lH;rk] /keZ vkSj laL—frdks Fkksik tk ldsA Òkjr eas eqfLye vkØkedksa vkSj ckn ds 'kkldksa] [kkl dj vkSjaxtsc us fgUnqvksaij tft;k dj yxk;k Fkk vkSj fgUnw eafnjksa dks rksM+ dj efLtnsa cuckbZa Fkha vkSj cM+s iSekus ijdRysvke fd;k FkkA

ykek yksclkax jEik us nkok fd;k Fkk fd] mUgksaus 1949 esa ijdk;k ços'k (transmigrationof soul) fd;k FkkA lkbfjy gksfLdu uke dk vaxzst] ,d IyEcj dk csVk Fkk] mls fn;s x;svrhfUæ; lq>koksa ds vk/kkj ij] mlus 1948 esa viuk uke lkbfjy gksfLdu ls cny dj] MkWDVjdkyZ dqvku lqvks (Dr. Carl Kuan Suo) j[k fy;k Fkk rFkk viuh nk<+h c<+kbZ FkhA ijdk;k ços'kdk iwjk ÄVukØe] bl iqLrd esa of.kZr gSA

jEik dh rh[kh vkykspukvksa ds ckn Òh] mUgksaus Vh. yksclkax jEik uke ls fdrkcsa fy[kuktkjh j[kkA lkFk gh os vius çR;sd nkos dh lR;rk ij tksj nsrs jgsA muds thoudky esa] mudhrh[kh vykspuk,sa gksrh jghaA mudh e`R;q ds ckn] vusd ys[kdksa us mudh —fr;ksa esa ls pqjk dj]vusd iqLrdsa fy[khaA muds }kjk fodflr dh xbZ frCcr dh ldkjkRed Nfo us] frCcr ds Lora=rkds vkanksyu esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA bu iqLrdksa us if'pe dks] ckS)/keZ ls ifjfpr djk;kgSA ^^eSa nhi tykrk gWwa** jEik dk y{; okD; jgk gSA

yksclkax jEik] vusd foy{k.k xq.kksa ds lkFk] ,d vf}rh; O;fDrRo ds /kuh FksA ,d ,slsfrCcrh] ftudk Lo;a dk] frCcfr;ksa ls dksbZ laidZ ugha jgk] frCcrh; leqnk; us Òh buds dk;ksZ dsfy, dÒh —rKrk O;Dr ugha dhA lkbfjy gksfLdu ds iwoZ ifjfprksa us] mlds çkjafÒd thou dsckjs esa crk;k Fkk fd] og phu ds ckjs esa] tgkWa og dÒh] cPps ds :i esa ys tk;k x;k Fkk] vusdvthc&vthc dgkfu;kWa dgrk FkkA og xw<+ jgL;ksa esa xgjh fnypLih j[krk FkkA vPNk laokndrkZvkSj tUei=h cukus esa] rFkk Òfo"; dFku esa ekfgj FkkA mlus 1943&44 esa feLVj cksDly dks crk;kFkk fd] og phuh ok;qlsuk esa ,d çf'k{kd jgk Fkk vkSj ok;q;ku nqÄZVuk esa] tc iSjk'kwV(parachutte) [kqyus esa vlQy jgk] rks og nqÄZVukxzLr gqvk FkkA lkbfjy gksfLdu us] ftldhe`R;q tuojh 1981 esa] QqVfgYl gkWLihVy dkyxSj] dsusMk esa gqbZ] yksclkax jEik ds Nn~e uke(psudo name) ls 19 iqLrdsa fy[khaA jEik vFkok gksfLdu dh iRuh ljkg us] vius ifr ds ckjs esarc dgk Fkk fd] og ckn esa iwjh rjg cny pqdk Fkk vkSj mlesa frCcrh dk;k dk O;fäRo fodflrgks x;k FkkA mls viuh bl thou dh dksbZ ckr ;kn ugha Fkh cnys esa og viuk tUe frCcr esagksuk vkSj frCcr ds ykekeB esa viuk ikyu iks"k.k gksuk crkrk Fkk rFkk ;q) ds vius vuqÒoksa dkscrkrk FkkA mlds lkekU; psgjs eksgjs] jax vkSj O;fäRo esa mYys[kuh; ifjorZu gks x;s FksA 1964 esa^^rhljh vkWa[k** ds vxys laLdj.k esa] mUgksaus ;s dgk Fkk fd bl lc ij tksj nsus dk esjkmn~ns'; ;gh gS fd] fudV Òfo"; esa esjh rjg ds vU; O;fä Òh lkeus vk;saxs vFkkZr~ vU; yksx Òhijdk;k ços'k dj ldrs gaSA eSa ugha pkgrk fd mUgsa Òh] esjh rjg vieku vkSj çrkM+uk >syuh iM+sA

iv

vkfLVª;k fuoklh gkbufjd gSjj (Heinrick Herrer) us vkjksi yxk;k Fkk fd] jEik dhiqLrdksa esa vf/kdka'k Òkx] mudh iqLrd ^^frCcr esa 7 o"kZ (Seven years in Tibet)" esa ls pqjk;kx;k Fkk vkSj lÒh dgkfu;kW ,oaa ÄVuk;sa] mlds vklikl cquh xbZa Fkha ijarq] 1997 esa gSjj dks çslus ;g vkjksi yxkrs gq, uaxk dj fn;k fd] os igys ukth ikVhZ ds lnL; jgs Fks] tcfd] gSjj usifgys bl rF; dks tkucw> dj fNik;k FkkA f}rh; fo'o ;q) ds nkSjku gSjj] fczVsu ds ;q)canhds :i esa] utjcanh dsEi ls Òkx dj] lkr o"kZ frCcr esa jgs FksA blds Åij] ckn esa ^^frCcr esa 7o"kZ (Seven years in Tibet)" uke ls ,d pyfp= Òh cuk;k x;k FkkA çsl ds ncko esa vk djnykbZ ykek vkSj mUgsa Lo;a gh bldh iVdFkk esa ifjorZu djuk iM+k FkkA blds fy, gSjj us[kqys :i ls turk ls [ksn Òh çdV fd;k FkkA

ykek yksclkax jEik] ,d vPNs QksVksxzkQj Òh FksA muds [khaps x;s dbZ QksVksxzkQ] vfr ÒO;gaSA e'khukas dks lq/kkjus esa mUgsa fo'ks"kKrk çkIr FkhA os fdlh Òh çdkj dh e'khu dks lq/kkj ldrs FksAos ,dkUroklh ço`fr ds Fks rFkk çsl vkSj ehfM;k ls ges'kk nwj jgrs FksA vius thoudky esa mUgksausvFkok mudh iRuh us] dsoy rhu i=dkjksa dks lk{kkRdkj fn;k FkkA muds Lo;a dksbZ larku ugha FkhAmUgksaus Jherh 'khyxkg jkml ( Mrs. Shielgah Rouse) dks nÙkd iq=h ds :i esa vius lkFk j[kk]tks ;qok voLFkk esa vius ifr ls vyx gksus ds ckn] muls feyh Fkh] vkSj muds lfpo dk dk;Z Òhdjrh FkhA L;keh fcfYy;ksa ls mUgsa fo'ks"k yxko FkkA

–"VO; gS fd] çLrqr iqLrd dh ÄVuk,sa] ,f'k;k] ;wjksi] mÙkjh vkSj nf{k.kh vesfjdk egk}hiksads bnZfxnZ Äwerha gSaA vr% blesa muds ÒkSxksfyd Kku ds vfrfjä] ÒkSfrd] çkf.k foKku] ouLifrfoKku] jlk;u foKku] iqjkrRo] bfrgkl] çk—frd ÄVukvksa ¼tSls Qjkvks dh dcz] mÙkjh çdk'k]vkis{krkokn] fcx cSax] ukfÒdh; fo[kaMu vkfn½ vkfn ls lacf/kr] vusd tkudkfj;kWa] LFkku&LFkku ijnha xbZa gSaA ,d vkSlr fgUnh ikBd ds fy;s] mudks le>us esa ljyrk vkSj lqfo/kk çnku djus dsfy;s] ;FkkLFkku 108 fVfIif.k;kWa Òh tksM+h x;h gSa] rkfd mldh mRlqdrk dks 'kkUr fd;k tk ldsvkSj iqLrd ds ewyLo:i dks cuk;s j[krs gq,] mlds /kkjk çokg v?;;u esa #dkoV u iM+sA

vkt iwjs fo'o esa lk{kjrk v©j tkx:drk c<+h gS ijUr]q nq%[k ds lkFk dguk iM+rk gS fd]vke turk esa iqLrdksa ds çfr #fp] 'kkspuh; Lrj rd ÄVh gSA lEÒzkUr oxZ ds dqN uo;qod ikBd]vaxzsth dh iqLrdksa dks i<+uk ilan djrs gSa] tcfd lkekU; e/;oxhZ;tu] fo'ks"kdj ;qokoxZ] fujFkZdokrkZyki] flusek] Vsyhfotu] vartkZy (Internet)] Qsl cqd] fV~oVj] ohfM;ks xsEl] eksckby Qksu ,oaLekVZ Qksu] okbd ij eVjxLrh vkSj vkokjkxnhZ vkfn esa ,slk my>k gS fd mldks iqLrdksa ds fy;sQqlZr gh ugha gSA eSa fo'o ds ckjs esa rks ugha dg ldrk ijarq esjk vuqHko gS fd] eksckby Qksu ,oaLekVZ Qksu us] yxÒx iwjs ns'k dks >wBk cuk fn;k gSA vkneh cSBk Xokfy;j esa gS vkSj eksckby Qksuij og [kqn dks banksj esa crkrk gS] ;k Nk=k vius iq#"k fe= ds lkFk Äwe jgh gS vkSj og Lo;a dksdksfpax esa crkrh gSA [kqysiu us uSfrd ,oa lkekftd iru dh nj dks vR;f/kd rst dj fn;k gSA/keZ ds çfr vkLFkk ÄVrh tk jgh gSA ,sls esa dqN vPNh ,oa lq#fpiw.kZ iqLrdksa ls dqN vk'kk dh tkldrh gSA iqLrdksa ds c<+rs gq, ewY; Òh mudh lgt miyfC/k esa ck/kd gSaA ;|fi vartkZy ijvusd mi;ksxh iqLrdsa] fu'kqYd vuqHkkfjr (download) dh tk ldrh gSaA

vr% eSus bl fopkj ls çsfjr gks dj] dqN iqLrdksa dks vWaxzsth ls fganh esa vuqokfnr djus dkladYi fd;k gSA esjs }kjk vuqokfnr lÒh iqLrdsa] vartkZy ij fu'kqYd miyC/k jgsaxhaA eq>sçlérk ,oa larqf"V gksxh ;fn] ikBdx.k buls ykÒkfUor gks ldsaA çLrqr iqLrd esa ewy dysoj dksT;ksa dk R;ksa] vuwfnr fd;k x;k gS] ek= Li"Vhdj.k ds :i esa] ;FkkLFkku fVfIif.k;kWa tksM+h x;ha gSa]vk'kk gS ;s ikBdksa ds Kkuc/kZu esa mi;ksxh fl) gksxhaA

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bl :ikarj.k esa eq>s vius vk/;kfRed xq# Jh ch. ,u. xPN ls çksRlkgu ,oa vk'khZokn çkIrgqvk gS rFkk vius fe=ksa fo'ks"kdj] Jh jke çdk'k xqIrk] Jh nsosUæ “kxZo] MkW- ch . ,u. 'keZk ,oa MkW.ch. ,l. fldjokj dk “ko iw.kZ lg;ksx çkIr gqvk gS] blds fy, eSa mudk vkÒkjh gwWA fo'ks"k :i ls]Jh çxYÒ 'kekZ] Jh jkds'k xks;y] Jh çnhi lsu rFkk dqekjh jkfxuh feJk] ftuds lg;ksx ds fcuk]bl iqLrd dk çLrqfrdj.k laÒo ughaa Fkk] dk eSa vkÒkjh gWwaA eSa iqu% mu lÒh dk vkÒkj O;ä djrkgwaW] ftUgksaus çR;{k vFkok vçR;{k :i ls] bl ikou dk;Z esa lg;ksx fd;kA

iqLrd ds çLrqfrdj.k esa fuf'pr :i ls dqN =qfV;kWa jg x;h gksaxh] eSaa muds fy;s ikBdksals {kek ;kpuk djrk gWwa rFkk vis{kk djrk gwWa fd] fo}r ikBdx.k mUgas esjs laKku esa ykus dk d"Vvo'; djsaxs rkfd] mUgsa ;Fkk'khÄz lq/kkjk tk ldsA

MkW- osn çdk'k xqIrkbfUnjk dkWykssuh] u;k cktkj] y'djXokfy;j & 474009] e-ç-]“kjrQksu ¼0751½ 2433425eksckby % 9893167361 email : [email protected]

fnukad % 01 tuojh 2016

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v/;k; ,d

dBksj fgeky; dh uqdhyh pksfV;kWa] frCcr ds Toyar cSaxuh jax ds lka;dkyhu vkdk'k dksxgjkbZ rd “snrha gSaA 'kfä'kkyh ioZr Ja[kykvksa ds ihNs fNik gqvk] Mwcrk lwjt] viuh mPpreijkdk"Bkvksa dks /krk crkrs gq,] pednkj] vkuane;] bUæ/kuq"kh jaxksa dks cQZ ds QSu ds Åij] fujarjfc[ksj jgk FkkA LQwfrZnk;d v©j yxÒx vlhe –';rk çnfZ'kZr djrh gqbZ gok] dkaWp dh rjg ,dnelkQ FkhA

igyh utj esa] vyx&Fkyx] tes gq, nsgkr] iwjh rjg ls thou ls oafpr FksA ÅWapkbZ ijfxjrh gqbZ cQZ dh yach irkdk ds flok;] u rks dqN py jgk Fkk] v©j u gha dqN fgy jgk FkkA ;sekurs gq, fd] bl mnklhu igkM+h dpjs ds chp] dqN ftank ughaa jg ldrk] Li"V:i ls] Lo;a le;ds çkjaÒ ls] ;gkWa dÒh dksbZ thou ughaa FkkA

dsoy rÒh] tc dksbZ tkurk gks] tc fdlh dks le;≤ ij fn[kk;k x;k gks] dksbZ&ijs'kkuh ds lkFk&dqN gYds ladsr ik ldrk gS] fd dÒh ;gkWa ekuo jgk djrs FksA ek= ifjp; gh]fdlh ds dneksa dks] bl dBksj] fNis gq, LFkku esa iFk çn'kZu dj ldrk gSA dsoy rÒh dksbZ] Nk;kds insZ ls <+dh gqbZ] xgjh v©j /kqa/kyh fdlh xqQk ds ços'k}kj dks] &xqQk&tks vufxur xqQkvksa v©jbl ifo= ioZr Js.kh eas fofLr`r] muds e/kqeD[kh ds NÙks tSls vusd d{kksa dh vksj tkus dk xfy;kjkFkh] dks ns[k ldsxkA

Òwrdky esa eghuksa igys] lokZf/kd fo'oLr ykek] fuEu Js.kh ds okgdkass dk dke dj jgs Fks]tks d"ViwoZd] iSj ÄlhV dj pyrs gq,] mu iqjkru jgL;ksa dks Ygklk ls lSdM+ksa ehy nwj] tgkWa osccZj] vlH;] phfu;ksa v©j fo'oklÄkrh frCcrh lkE;okfn;ksa ls] ges'kk ds fy, lqjf{kr jg ldsaxs] ystk jgs Fks v©j ;gkaW “h vlhe ifjJe v©j d"Vksa ds lkFk] vknj.kh; ioZrksa ds fnyksa esa LFkkfir djusds fy,] fiNys vorkjksa dh Lo.kZ çfrek;as ykbZa xbZa FkhaA ifo= oLrq,sa v©j vf/kdka'k vknj.kh; fo}kuiqtkfj;ksa ds ;qxkrhr ys[ku] ;gkWa lqjf{kr FksA fiNys dbZ o"kksZ ls] vkus okyh phuh ÄqliSB dh iwjhtkudkjh gksrs gq,] LokfeÒä eBk/;{k] le;≤ ij] ;s tkWapus ds fy, fd] vR;ar nwfj;ksa ijfLFkr] bu LFkkuksa ij] u;s Äjksa esa jgus ds fy,] fdldks tkuk pkfg,] xqIr:i ls] xqIrlÒk eas feyrsjgs FksA ,d ds ckn ,d] iqtkfj;ksa dh tkWap iM+rky dh xbZA muds vfÒys[kksa dks] fcuk mudhtkudkjh esa yk, gq, tkWapk x;k] rkfd dsoy lcls vPNs v©j v/;kfRed:i ls lcls vf/kd vkxsc<+s gq, gh] pqus tk ldsaA ,sls euq";] ftuds çf'k{k.k v©j vkLFkk,sa bl çdkj dh Fkha fd ;fn]vko';drk gks rks] os [kjkc ls [kjkc çrkM+ukvksa ds fo:)] ftudks phuh ns ldrs Fks] çeq[ktkudkfj;kssa dk jgL; [kksys fcuk] fVd+s jg ldasA

blfy, var esa] Ygklk ij lkE;oknh vfrØe.k ds lkFk gh] os vius u;s Äj esa vk pqdsFksA ;q)lkexzh ls ynk gqvk dksbZ “h ok;q;ku] bruh ÅWapkbZ ij ughaa mM ldrk FkkA f[kldrh gqbZapêkuksa v©j njkjksa ls “jh v©j xgjh QSyh gqbZ njkjksa ls] cM+s&cM+s iRFkj ds [kaMks dks f[kldkrh gqbZbl catj tehu ij] ftldh tehu feêh ls oafpr Fkh] fdlh nq'eu lsuk dh VqdfM+;kWa ughaa jgldrha FkhaA bruh ÅWaph tehu] vkWDlhtu dh bruh deh] fd dsoy] etcwr igkM+h yksx gh ogkWalkal ys ldrs FksA var esa ;gkWa] ioZr ds bl vÒ;kj.; esa] 'kkafr FkhA 'kkafr] ftlesa “fo"; dkslqjf{kr djus dk dk;Z] çkphu Kku dks lajf{kr djus dk dk;Z] v©j ml le; ds fy, rS;kjh dkdk;Z] tc frCcr bu vkØkedksa ls eqä gksdj] fQj ls Åij mBsxk] tkjh FkkA

yk[kksa o"kZ igys] ;s Tokykvksa dk oeu djrh gqbZa] pVVkuksa dh v©j ykok dk foLQksV djrsgq, Tokykeqf[k;ksa dh] Ja[kyk Fkh] tks ;qok i`Foh ds psgjs dks cny jgh FkhA ml le; i`Foh v/kZ

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IykfLVd tSlh yphyh Fkh v©j uohu ;qx dh çlo ihM+k ls gks dj xqtj jgh FkhA vufxur o"kksZ dsckn] ;s Tokyk,sa cq>ha v©j vk/kh fiÄyh gqbZ pêkusa BaMh gqbZaA ykok vafre ckj cgk v©j i`Foh ds xgjsvkarfjd “kx ls fudys gq, xSl ds QqCckjksa us] vanj ds vo'ks"kksa dks fudky dj] vuar pSuy v©jlqjaxksa ds :i esa] tks [kkyh v©j uaxh Fkha] [kqyh gok esa ckgj dj fn;k FkkA buesa ls cgqr FkksM+h]pêkuksa ds fxjus ls can gks xbZ Fkha] ijarq nwljh] dkWap dh rjg dBksj v©j ,d ds ckn ,d] fiÄyhgqbZ /kkrq dh /kkfj;ksa ls ;qä] lgh lyker Fkha v©j 'kq) rFkk pednkj çdk'k dh dfy;ksa ds chp esagks dj] dqN nhokjksa ls igkM+h >jus QwVsA

'krkfCn;ksa ds ckn 'krkfCn;ksa rd] vyx&Fkyx v©j vdsyh] thou ls oafpr jgha] ;s lqjaxsav©j xqqQk,sa] dsoy vkdk'kh; (astral) ;k=k djus okys ykekvkas dks Kkr Fkha] tks dgha “h ;k=k djldrs Fks v©j lc dqN ns[k ldrs FksA vkdk'kh;;k=k djus okykas us] iwjs ns'k dks [kaxky dj] ,sls'kj.k LFky dks ryk'k dj fy;k FkkA vc frCcr ds ns'k esa] pqids&pqids vkrad ds vkus ds lkFk]iqjkus xfy;kjs] dqyhu] v/;kfRed yksxksa }kjk vkckn gks x, Fks] ,d O;fä “fo"; esa] le; ifjiDogksus ij] mB dj [kM+k gksus ds fy, r; fd;k x;k FkkA

tc igys ls lko/kkuh iwoZd pqus x, fÒ{kqvksa us] mÙkj dh rjQ] mu thoar pêkuksa esa viukÄj rS;kj djus ds fy;s jkLrk cuk;k] rÒh nwljs tks Ygklk esa Fks] vR;ar vewY; phtkas dks cka/k jgsFks] v©j lgt:i ls ogkWa ls NksM+us dks rS;kj gks jgs FksA pqus x, yksxkas esa ls] ykekeBksa v©jfÒ{kqf.k;kas ds vkJekas esa ls] ,d NksVk lewg vk VidkA NksVs&NksVs lewgkas esa] va/kdkj ds vkoj.k esa]mUgksaus ,d nwjLFk >hy dh ;k=k dh v©j mlds fdukjksa ij Msjk Mky dj] nwljkas ds vkus dkbartkj fd;kA

^u;s Äj* esa] Kku dks lajf{kr djus dh ikB'kkyk] v©j u;kØe (order) LFkkfir fd;k x;kv©j blds l© o"kZ ls vf/kd vk;q ds cw<s+] vdFkuh; d"Vksa dks >syus okys çÒkjh eBk/;{k us] ioZrksaesa fLFkr bu xqQkvksa ds vanj ;k=k dhA mlds lkFk ns'k ds loksZPp fo}kuksa us] nwjkuqÒwfr(telepathy) çkIr ykekvksa us] vrhsfUæ;foKkfu;ksa (clairvoyants) us v©j egku Le`fr j[kus okyslarksa us] ;k=k,sa dhaA /khes&/khes] dbZ eghukas rd] os ioZr J[kaykvksa ds chp] vius jkLrs ij ÅWaps] v©jÅWaps (higher and higher)] pyrs x,A ÅaWpkbZ c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk] gok fojyh] v©j fojyh] gksrhstkrh FkhA mudks /kôk ns dj nwj djus dh /kedh nsrh gqbZ] 'kfä'kkyh pêkuksa ds Åij c<+rsgq,] ,d ehy ÅaWps njksZ dh 'kk'or gokvksa ls viuh iks'kkdksa dks QkM+rs gq,] vius cw<+s 'kjhjksa ds}kjk] ftruk os py ldrs Fks] pyrs FksA vf/kdka'kr% dbZ ckj] ,d fnu esa ,d ehy gh gks ikrk FkkAdbZ ckj] mUgsa xgjh njkjksa us] ,d yack v©j nq"dj pôj yxkus ds fy, etcwj fd;kA yxÒx ,dlIrkg ds fy,] mu cw<+s eBk/;{k dks] tcfd vutku tM+hcwfV;kWa v©j rjy inkFkZ] muds 'kjhj esathounk;h vkWDlhtu dks mM+syrs gq,] muds ihfM+r QSQM+kas dks vklku dj jgs Fks] etcwrh ds lkFkcan fd;s gq,] ;kd ds racw esa jguk iM+kA rc “h mUgksaus] vfrekuoh; /©;Z ds lkFk] bl “;kog ;k=kdks tkjh j[kkA

var esa os vius fBdkus ij igqWapsA mudk nk;jk (band) dkQh lhfer Fkk] D;ksafd muesa lsvusd] jkLrs esa] cxy ls] fxj x, FksA /khes&/khes] os vius cnys gq, thou ds vH;Lr gks x,Ays[kdksa us lko/kkuh ls] vius ;k=k o`rkarksa dks fyfic) fd;k] v©j x<+us okyksa us] /khes&/khes] iqLrdksadh gkFk dh NikbZ ds fy, Cykd rS;kj fd,A frCcr v©j nwljs ns'kksa ds “fo"; dFku djrs gq,]vrhfUæ; foKkfu;ksa us] “fo"; esa ns[kkA

;s vkneh] tks mPpre lhek rd ifo= Fks] czãkaM] v©j vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa (akashicrecords) ds laidZ esa Fks] os vfÒys[k] tks gesa gj LFkku ij “wrdky dks] rkRdkfyd orZeku dks v©j

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“fo"; dh lÒh laÒkoukvksa dks crkrs gSaA frCcr esa nwljksa dks lans'k “stus esa] gj LFkku ij] nwjkuqÒwfrls nwljs Øe ds vU; yksxksa ls laidZ cukrs gq,& rFkk esjs laidZ esa jgrs gq, “h] nwjkuqÒwfr okys “hO;Lr FksA

^yksclkaxA yksclkax!* eq>s vius fnokLoIu ls okil ykrs gq,] fopkj esjs fnekx esa dkaS/kkAnwjkuqÒwfr lans'k] esjs fy, dqN ughaa Fks] os esjs fy, VsyhQksu dh ckrphr dh rqyuk esa vf/kd lkekU;Fks] ijarq ;s ckj&ckj vk jgs FksA ,d çdkj ls ;s dqN fÒé FkkA iùklu dh eqæk esa cSBrs gq,] viusfnekx dks [kqyk j[krs gq, v©j vius 'kjhj dks vkjke esa j[krs gq,] tYnh ls] eSa f'kfFky (relax)gqvkA mu nwjkuqÒwfr lans'kksa ds çfr] xzg.k'khy gksrs gq,] eSaus çrh{kk dhA dqN le; ds fy;s ogkWa dqNughaa Fkk] dsoy gYdh lh tkWap iM+rky] ekuks fd] dksbZ esjh vkWa[kksa ls ns[k v©j >kWad jgk gSA D;kns[krs gq, \ nynyh MsVªksbV (Detroit) unh] MsVªksbV 'kgj dh xxupqach ÅWaph bekjrsaA esjs lkeusVaxs gq, dysaMj es arkjh[k Fkh] 9 vçSy 1960A fQj&dqN ughaaA vpkud] ekuks fd ^dksbZ*] fdlhfu.kZ; ij igqaWp x;k gks] vkokt fQj ls vkbZA

^^yksclkaxA rqe dkQh dqN >sy pqds gksA rqeus Bhd fd;k gS] ijarq vÒh vkRelarks"k dkle; ughaa gSA vÒh rqEgkjs djus ds fy, dke ckdh gSA** dqN le; ds fy, fojke gqvk ekuks fd]oäk dks vçR;kf'kr:i ls gLr{ksi fd;k x;k gks] v©j eSaus] fny ls nq[kh gks dj v©j iwjh rjg Mjsjgrs gq,] çrh{kk dhA fiNys o"kksaZ ds e/; eq>s] “qrgk =Lr fd, tkus dk] vR;kpkj fd;s tkus dk]i;kZIr ls dkQh vf/kd ifjorZu] i;kZIr ls vf/kd eqlhcrsa v©j ;kruk;sa >syuh iM+ha FkhaA tSls gh eSausçrh{kk dh] eSa iM+©l ds nwljs yksxksa ds nwjkuqÒwfr ds {k.k Òaxqj fopkjkas ls fÄj x;kA ,d yM+dh] clLVkWi ij] esjh f[kM+dh ds uhps] v/khjrk iwoZd vius iSjksa dks iVd jgh Fkh ^^vksg! ;s cl lsok]nqfu;kWa esa lcls [kjkc gSA D;k ;g dÒh ughaa vk;sxh \** ;k ,d vkneh] tks vxys Äj ds njoktsij ,d iklZy dks ckaWV jgk Fkk % ^^eq>s vk'p;Z gksxk ;fn eSa] vius ckWl dks osru esa c<+ksÙkjh ds fy,dg ldWwa \ feyh (Millie) fuf'pr :i ls ikxy gks tk;sxh] ;fn eSa mlds fy, 'khÄz gh dqN iSlkugha ik tkrk!** eSa Bhd oSls gh tSls fd] VsyhQksu ij çrh{kk dj jgk ,d O;fä] tks Qkyrw esalksprk gS] vylk;k lk gqvk vk'p;Z dj jgk FkkA ^feyh* d©u Fkh] gBh vkarfjd vkokt] fQj vanjls vkbZA

^^yksclkax! gekjk fu.kZ; gks pqdk gSA rqEgkjk nqckjk ys[ku djus dk le; vk pqdk gSA ;svxyh iqLrd] ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gksxhA rqedks bl ,d eqís ij tksj Mkyrs gq, fy[kuk pkfg,] fddksbZ O;fä] fdlh vU; O;fä dh iwjh lgefr ds lkFk] mlds 'kjhj esa tk ldrk gSA**

eSaus fujk'kk esa 'kq:vkr dh v©j nwjkuqÒwfr laidZ dks yxÒx rksM+ fn;kA eSa] fQj ls fy[kwWa \mlds ckjs esaA eSa ^^fooknkLin O;fä** Fkk v©j eSa gj iy] ,slk gksus ls Ä.kk djrk FkkA eSa tkurk Fkkfd] ftls eSa gksus dk nkok djrk Fkk] eSa og lc dqN Fkk v©j ;g fd] tks eSaus igys fy[kk Fkk] ogije lR; Fkk] ijarq vc ;s mu “M+dhys lekpkj ek?;eksa dh ew[kZrk iw.kZ pV[kkjsckth ls fdl çdkjdh ,d dgkuh dks cukus esa lgk;d gksxk]\ ;s esjh igWqap ds ckgj FkkA blus eq>s fny ls cgqrvf/kd nq[kh] v©j [kkWalh dh çrh{kk djrs gq, vkneh dh “kafr] nqfo/kk iw.kZ v©j LrC/k fLFkfr esa ykfn;kA

^^yksclkax!** nwjkuqÒwfr dh vkokt] vc fopkj.kh; dVqrk ls “j x;h FkhA esjs laÒzfer(confused) efLr"d esa] ddZ'k dM+okgV] fctyh ds >Vds dh “kWafr FkhA ^^yksclkax! rqEgkjh vis{kkge] fu.kZ; djus dh vf/kd mér voLFkk esa gSa( rqe if'pe dh e'kôr esa my>s gq, gksA ge ,drjQ [kM+s gks dj bldk ewY;kadu dj ldrs gSaA rqEgkjs ikl dsoy LFkkuh; lekpkj gSa] tcfd gekjsikl] iwjh nqfu;kWa dsA**

3

eSa] lans'k dh fujarjrk dh çrh{kk djrs gq,] Lo;a ds lkFk lger gksrs gq,] fd ^ôs** Li"V:ils D;k lgh Fkk] ;g tkurs Fks] uezrk iwoZd 'kkar jgkA dqN varjky ds ckn] vkokt nqckjk vkbZA^^rqe vU;k; iwoZd] dkQh dqN >sy pqds gks] ijarq ;s ,d vPNs fufeÙk ds fy, gqvk gSA rqEgkjs fiNysdk;Z us cgqrksa ds fy, vPNk fd;k gS] ijarq rqe chekj gks v©j vxyh iqLrd ds fo"k; esa rqEgkjkfu.kZ; =qfViw.kZ v©j foÑr gSA**

T;ksa gh eSaus ;g lquk] eSa vius ;qxksa iqjkus fØLVy (crystal) dks ikus ds fy, igqWapk v©jmls vius lkeus] dkys diM+s ds Åij idM+kA 'khÄz gh dkWap cknyksa ls “j x;k v©j nw/k dh rjglQsn gks x;kA inksasZ dks [khapus dh rjg ls ,d njkj mÒjh] v©j “ksj ds çdk'k dks vanj vkus nsusds fy,] lQsn ckny cxy eas f[kld x;sA tSlk eSaus lquk oSlk ns[kkA ÅWaph&ÅWaph pksfV;ksa ckysfgeky; dk nwjLFk –';] mudh cQZ ls vkPNkfnr pksfV;kaWA fxjus dk bruk rh{.k v©j brukokLrfod vuqÒo fd] eq>s viuk isV vius vanj c<+rk gqvk yxkA –'; ifj{ks= cM+k gksrk tk jgkFkk] v©j rc xqQk] Kku dk u;k ÄjA eSaus ,d iwT;uh; vkpk;Z] okLro esa] ,d cgqr iqjkus çfl)O;fä] dks ;kd ds eqM+s gq, dacy ds Åij cSBs gq, ns[kkA ;|fi] og lk/kkj.k :i ls cnjax]th.kZZ'kh.kZ iks'kkd esa] tks yxÒx mruh gh iqjkuh yx jgh Fkh] ftrus fd og Fks] yisVs gq,] okLro esaos ,d mPp eBk/kh'k FksA mudk ÅWapk xqacn ds vkdkj dk flj] ,d iqjkus peZi= (pachment) dhrjg ls txexk;k] v©j muds >qjhZ iM+s cw<+s gkFkksa dh [kky] tks eqf'dy ls gh gfì;ksa dks] tks mlslgkjk ns jgh Fkh] <d ik jgh FkhA og etcwr 'kfä ds çÒk eaMy] v©j vdFkuh; /khjrk ds lkFk]tks lR; Kku çnku djrk gS] ,d lEekfur O;fä FksA muds vklikl] ,d o`r esa] ftlds dsUæ esaog cSBs gq, Fks] mPp dksfV ds lkr ykek cSBs gq, FksA os /;ku dh eqæk esa] viuh gFksfy;kWa Åij dhvksj fd;s gq, cSBs Fks v©j mudh maxfy;kWa can djus ds vfoLej.kh; lkadsfrd vankt esa] ,d nwljsesa xqFkha gqbZa FkhaA muds flj FkksM+s ls >qds gq, Fks] lÒh esjh vksj ns[k jgs FksA esjs fØLVy esa ,slk yxjgk Fkk] ekuks eSa mUgha ds lkFk] fdlh Tokykeq[kh ds çdks"B esa gWwa] ekuks fd eSa muds lkFk [kM+k FkkAgeus vkil esa ckrsa dha ekuks fd] ge yxÒx “©frd laidZ esa gkasA

^^rqe dkQh cw<+s gks x;s gks ^ ,d us dgkA ^^rqEgkjh iqLrdksa us cgqrksa ds thou esa vkuUn v©j çdk'k yk fn;k gS] mu dqN yksxksa ls] tks

bZ";kZyq gSa v©j cqjkbZ esa O;Lr gaS] fu#Rlkfgr u gks]^^ nwljs us dgkA ^^yksg v;Ld (iron ore) Lo;a vlaosnu'khy gksrs gq,] vkx dh “êh esa ;kruk >syrs gq,]

lksp ldrk gS ijUrq tc mÙke çdkj dh LVhy dk ikuhnkj (tempered) CysM] vius ihNs dh vksjeqM+ dj ns[krk gS] rks og vPNh rjg le>rk gS]^^ rhljs us dgkA

^^ge le; v©j ÅtkZ O;FkZ dj jgs gSa] cw<+s lEekfur iqj[ks us dgkA ^^mldk fny] mldsvUnj chekj gS v©j og nwljs yksd dh Nk;k esa [kM+k gS( ge u rks mldh rkdr ij v©j u] gha]mlds LokLF; ij] vf/kd djk/kku (overtax) dj ldrs gSa] D;ksafd mlds le{k mldk dk;Z Li"VgSA^^

iqu% ogkW 'kkfUr FkhA bl ckj] ;s mipkjkRed 'kkafr Fkh] tcfd nwjkuqÒwfr lEié ykekvksa usthou çnku djus okyh ÅtkZ eq>esa Mkyh] ÅtkZ ftlls eSa] dksjksujh FkzksEcksfll (coronarythrombosis) ds nwljs >Vds ds le; ls gh cgq/kk oafpr FkkA esjs le{k fp=] yxÒx ;FkkFkZrk lsvf/kd pedhyk og fp=] eSa ftldk ,d “kx çrhr gksrk Fkk] ped ds lkFk mÒjkA rc mlo;ksc`) vkneh us esjh rjQ ns[kk v©j dgkA ^êsjs “kbZ]^^ mlus dgk] tks okLro esa] lEekutud Fkk];|fi eSa “h inkuqlkj] viuh fLFkfr esa ,d eBk/;{k FkkA ^êsjs “kbZ] geas lR; dks vusd yksxksa dhtkudkjh esa ykuk pkfg;s fd] ,d vkRek vius 'kjhj esa ls LosPNk ls fudy ldrk gS v©j nwljs

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vkRek dks mlesa vkus dh btktr ns ldrk gS v©j [kkyh fd;s x;s 'kjhj eas nqckjk ls çk.k Qwadldrk gSA bl Kku dks nsuk &;s rqEgkjk dk;Z gSA^^

;s okLro esa] ,d >Vdk FkkA esjk dk;Z \ ;|fi lwpukvksa dks nsuk] esjs “©frd ykÒksa ds fy;sgks ldrk Fkk rFkkfi 'kkar jgus dks ç/kkurk nsrs gq,] eSaus dÒh ,sls ekeyksa dks çpkj ughaa nsuk pkgkFkkA eSa fo'okl djrk Fkk fd] xw<+foKku (occult) ds çfr va/ks] if'peh fo'o ds vf/kdka'k yksx] bljgL;e;h xw<+ yksd dks u tku dj] Bhd gh jgsaxsA blfy;s vusd xw<+foKkuh yksx] ftUgsa eSa feyk]okLro esa] cgqr de tkudkjh j[krs Fks] v©j de tkudkjh gksuk] ,d [krjukd pht gS ¼uhe gdhe][krjk , tku½A esjk varjfparu] eBk/;{k ds }kjk] chp esa gh jksd fn;k x;kA ^^tSlk rqe vPNh rjgtkurs gks] ge ,d u;s ;qx dh ngyht ij gSa] ,d ;qx] ftlesa ;g fopkjk x;k gS fd] euq"; dhcqjkb;ksa dk vf/kd 'kks/ku fd;k tk;sxk v©j og Lo;a ds lkFk] v©j nwljksa ds lkFk] 'kkafriw.kZ <ax lsjgsxkA ;q) tSlh fdlh ÄVuk ds fcuk] tula[;k fLFkj gks tk;sxh] u c<+rh v©j u ÄVrh] D;ksafdc<+rh gq;h vkcknh okyk ,d jk"Vª] viuh vf/kd vkcknh ds dkj.k] vf/kd thou;kiu {ks= çkIrdjus dh bPNk ds dkj.k] fopfyr gks tkrk gSA ge] yksxksa dks crk,saxs fd] fdl çdkj 'kjhj dks]iqjkuh iks'kkd dh rjg ls] ftldk iguus okys ds fy;s vc dksbZ mi;ksx ughaa jgk gS] lekIr fd;ktk ldrk gS] v©j fdlh nwljs dks] tks fdlh fo'ks"k mís'; ds fy;s] bl çdkj ds 'kjhj dhvko';drk esa gS] fn;k tk ldrk gSA^^

eSaus vueus eu ls 'kq:vkr dhA gkW] eSa blds ckjs esa lc tkurk Fkk] ijUrq eSaus blds ckjs esafy[kus dh vis{kk ughaa dh FkhA iwjs fopkj us eq>s vkrafdr dj fn;kA

cw<+k eBk/;{k gYds ls eqLdkjk;k] tSls gh mlus dgk% ^^eSa ns[k jgk gwW fd ;g fopkj] ;gdk;Z rqEgsa vPNk ughaa yx jgk gS] esjs “kbZA ijUrq] fQj “h if'pe esa] ftlesa bls bZlkbZ vkLFkk(Christian belief)] dgk tkrk gS] ¼nwljs ds 'kjhj ij½ dCtk (possession) ysus ds rekevfÒfyf[kr mnkgj.k e©twn gaSA^^ ,sls vusd çdj.k cqjs vFkok dkyk tknw (black magic) ekus tkrsgSa] tks nqÒkZX;iw.kZ gS v©j mu yksxksa ds joS;s dks] tks bl fo"k; esa vR;Ur de tkurs gSa] çnf'kZrdjrk gSA rqEgkjk dke] bls fy[kus dk gksxk] rkfd] ftu yksxksa ds ikl vkW[kas gaS os i<+sa] v©j tks yksxKku ds fy;s çLrqr gaS] oss tku ldsaA^^

^^vkRegR;k]^^ eSaus lkspkA ^^yksx] _.k ;k nq[kksa ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy;s] vFkok fdlh nwljsdk lg;ksx djus ds fopkj ls] 'kjhj dks nsus ds fy;s] vkRegR;k djus ds fy;s n©Msa+xsA^^

^^ughaa] ughaa] esjs “kbZ]^^ cw<+s eBk/;{k us dgk] ^^rqe xyrh ij gksA vkRegR;k ds ek/;e ls dksbZvius _.kksa ls NqVdkjk ughaa ik ldrk gS] v©j u] gha] dksbZ fdlh nwljs ds fy;s] vius 'kjhj dksNksM+ ldrk gS] tc rd fd] bldh ekWax djus okyh] vR;Ur fof'k"V ifjfLFkfr;kWa u gksaA gesa u;s;qx dh iwjh csyk dh çrh{kk djuh pkfg;sA tc rd fd] mldks vkoafVr fd;k x;k thoudky iwjku gks tk;s] dksbZ “h] vius 'kjhj dks mfpr <ax ls ughaa R;kx ldrkA vÒh rd] dsoy rÒh] tcmPp 'kfä;kW bldh vkKk nsa] ,slk fd;k tk ldrk gSA^^

eSaus vius lkeus okys vknfe;ksa dh vksj] muds flj ds pkjkas rjQ gksrs Lof.kZe çdk'k ds[ksy dks] muds çÒk eaMyksa esa cqf) ds fo|qr&uhys (electric blue) jax dks] v©j muds jtr rUrqvksa(silver cord) ls gks jgh] çdk'k dh ikjLifjd fØ;k dks ns[kkA ,d fp=] euq";ksa dh cqf) v©j'kq)rk ds thoUr jax esaA bl nqfu;kWa ds ijs gVs gq,] lk/kq LoÒko okys ifo= euq";A vkRedsfUærv©j vkRefo'oLrA ^^muds fy;s Bhd gS]^^ eSa vius Åij “quÒquk;kA ^^mUgsa if'peh thou dhvfç;&mBkiVd (rough and tumble) okys thou ls gks dj ughaa xqtjuk iM+kA^^ nynyh MsVªksbVunh ds ikj] ygjksa esa] ;krk;kr dh vkokt vk;hA ogn~ >hy eas] tYnh vkus okys LVhej] esjh

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f[kM+dh ls gks dj xqtjs] muds vkxs&vkxs] xyrh gq;h v©j VwVrh gqbZ unh dh cQZA if'pehthou \ 'kksjA 'kksjA jsfM;ks dk ph[krk&iqdkjrk 'kksjxqy v©j ,d dkj foØsrk ds ckn] nwljs dhvkjksfir vPNkbZ;kWA ;gkWa u;s Äj esa 'kkafr Fkh] vk'p;Z fd;s fcuk] fparu ds fy;s 'kkafr] fdlh dsdke djus ds fy;s 'kkafr] tks dsoy dqN MkWyjksa ds fy;s&;gkW ds leku& nwljksa ls Äk;y gksus tkjgh FkhA

^^esjs “kbZ]^^ cw<+s vkneh us dgkA ge vkØkfer ns'k dh mBk&iVd esa] v©j tgkW vkrrkbZ dkfojks/k fd;s tkus ij] /kheh çrkM+uk ds ckn] e`R;q feyrh gS] jgrs gSaA gekjk [kkuk] tksf[ke “js igkM+hjkLrksa ij] l© ehy ls vf/kd nwjh ij] tgkW ,d xyr dne] ;k ,d <hyk iRFkj] fdlh dks gtkjksaQqV uhps] ejus ds fy;s yq<+dk ldrk gS] iSny ys tk;k tkrk gSA ge RlEik (tsampa) ds ,ddVksjs Hkj ij ftUnk jgrs gSaA og gekjs iwjs fnu ds fy;s dkQh gksrk gSA ihus ds fy;s] gedks igkM+h>juksa ls ikuh fey tkrk gSA pk; gekjs fy;s vuko';d foykflrk gS] ftlds fcuk] geus dkepykuk lh[k fy;k gS] D;ksafd mldk vkuUn ysuk] tks nwljkas ds fy;s tksf[ke iSnk djrk gS] okLroesa] ,d cqjkbZ gSA vius fØLVy esa vf/kd vk'k;iw.kZ –f"V ls ns[kks] esjs “kbZ] v©j ge rqEgsa vkt dkYgklk fn[kkus dk ç;kl djsaxsA^^

eSa f[kM+dh ds ikl okys vius LFkku ls mBk] v©j lqfuf'pr fd;k fd] esjs dejs ds rhuksanjokts] lqj{kkiw.kZ rjhds ls can gksaA ;gkWa] dukMk dh /kM+du dh v©jvf/kd] 'kkafriw.kZ xwat v©jgypy “jh] MsVªksbV unh ds cxy ls] yxkrkj pyus okys ifjogu ds 'kksj dks] 'kkar djus dk dksbZrjhdk ughaa FkkA esjs v©j unh ds chp] esjs vf/kd lehi] eq[; lM+d Fkh] v©j jsy dh iVfj;ksa dsNg iFk “h FksA 'kksj] &bldk dksbZ var ughaa FkkA vafre utj ds lkFk] vk/kqfud –';] esjs lkeus]“xke&Òkx djrs jgs] eSaus viuh f[kM+dh dh f>yfeysa (blinds) can dha v©j f[kM+dh dh vksj ihBdjds vius LFkku ij cSBkA

esjs lkeus] fØLVy dh uCt] uhys çdk'k ds lkFk] py jgh Fkh] çdk'k tks cny x;k v©jtSls gh eSa mldh vksj eqM+k] og pôj [kkus yxkA tSls gh eSaus bls Åij mBk;k v©j ^^laidZZ(rapport)** LFkkfir djus ds fy;s] nqckjk ls] gYds ls] vius flj dks Nqvk] ;s esjh maxfy;ksa dks xeZçrhr gqvk] ,d fuf'pr ladsr fd] fdlh ckgjh lzksr ds }kjk blesa dkQh ÅtkZ “sth tk jgh FkhA

cw<+s eBk/;{k dk 'kqÒsPNk;qä psgjk] esjs Åij fn[kkbZ fn;k v©j muds psgjs ij eqLdkjkgVQSy xbZ] rc ,slk yxk] ekuks foLQksV gqvkA fp= [kjkc gks x;k] cM+h la[;k esa vlac) jax v©j>wyrs gq, >.Ms ¼fn[ks½A lglk ;s ,slk Fkk] ekuks fdlh us ,d njokts dks] vkdk'k ds ,d njoktsdks [kksyk gks] v©j ekuks fd] eSa ml [kqys njokts ds lkeus [kM+k FkkA ^^fØLVy esa ns[kus dk^^ lÒhKku xk;c gks x;kA eSa ogkW FkkA

gYds ls pedrs gq, 'kke ds lw;Z dh jks'kuh esa] esjs uhps] esjs Ygklk esa] gjh ÄkVh esa gksdj] /khes&/khes pyrh gqbZ çlérk dh unh ds lkFk] 'kfä'kkyh ioZr Jsf.k;ksa ds chp] lajf{kr esjk ÄjÄ©alys tSlk FkkA eSaus Äj dh ;kn dh dM+oh Vhl dks] fQj ls vuqÒo fd;kA if'peh thou dhlÒh Ä.kk,sa v©j ijs'kkfu;kW] esjs vanj meM+ iM+ha] v©j ,slk yxk fd] esjk fny VwV tk;sxkA ekr`Òwfeds n'kZu us] vkuUn v©j nq[k] v©j dBksj çf'k{k.k dks] ftlesa gks dj eSa ogkW xqtjk] if'peh yksxksadh le>nkjh ds dBksj fiNM+siu dks] esjh lÒh “koukvksa dks] vkUnksfyr dj fn;kA

ijUrq eSa ogkW [kqn ds vkuUn ds fy;s ughaa Fkk! /khes ls] eq>s yxk fd eSa] ,d /khes ls mrjrsgq,] uhps vkrs gq, xqCckjs esa] tehu ls dqN gtkj QqV Åij v©j vkleku ls uhps mrkjk x;k gwWA eSafoLe; v©j vk'p;Z ds lkFk] Mjk gqvk FkkA gokbZ {ks= \ Ygklk ds 'kgj ds vklikl gokbZ {ks= Fks!eq>s vf/kdrj vifjfpr yxs] v©j tSls gh eSaus Lo;a dh vksj ns[kk] eSaus ns[kk fd] ogkW igkfM+;ksa dh

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J[kaykvksa ds Åij ls vkrh gqbZa] v©j “kjr dh fn'kk esa xqe gksrh gqbZa] nks ubZ lM+dsa FkhaA ifg;snkjokgu] ;krk;kr /khes&/khes py jgk FkkA mu yksxksa ds fu;a=.k esa] tks eq>s ;gkW yk;s Fks] eSa v©j uhps]v©j uhps] mrjk v©j eSaus tehu ds vUnj [kqnkbZ gksrs gq, ns[kh] tgkW xqyke] gfFk;kjcan phfu;ksa dsfu;a=.k esa] uhao [kksn jgs FksA vkradksa dk vkrad! iksVkyk ds “O; pj.kksa ds Bhd uhps] /kwy ÒjhlM+dksa ds tky }kjk lsfor] xans >qXxh&>ksiM+h okys 'kgj dk csrjrhc foLrkj FkkA ml LFkku dksQwgM+ xanh gok nsrs gq,] vfu;fer:i ls “ouksa ds lkFk rkj tksM+s gq, FksA eSaus iksVkyk ij utj x<+kdj ns[kk] v©j & cq) ds ifo= nkWr dh dle & egy dks phuh lkE;oknh ukjksa }kjk] vifo= djfn;k x;k Fkk! ,d nq[kh] fujk'kkiw.kZ] flldh ds lkFk] eSa nwljh rjQ ns[kus dks eqM+kA

,d Vªd lM+d ds lkFk Äwek] Bhd eq> esa gks dj xqtjk & D;ksafd eSa lw{e'kjhj esa Fkk] v©j“wr ds :i esa] vÒ©frd:i esa] ph[krk gqvk] dqN nwj] dqN xt nwj] tk dj #d x;kA ml cM+s Vªdesa ls] ph[krs iqdkjrs] ykijokgh ls cnhZ igus gq, phuh lSfud rFkk muds lkFk ikWp fÒ{kqvksa dks[khaprs gq, mM+sy fn;k x;kA xfy;ksa ds dksus ij yxs gq, lÒh ykmMLihdj ph[kus yxs v©j cs'keZvkokt okys vkns'kkas ij] eSnku] tgkW ij eSa [kM+k gqvk Fkk] tYnh gh yksxksa ls “j x;kA tYnh ls]D;ksafd] phuh çs{kd vius dksM+ksa v©j cksuVksa ls] mu yksxksa dks] tks ¼?kjksa esa gh½ #ds jguk pkgrs Fks]mdlk jgs FksA frCcrh v©j phuh miuxfj;ksa dh vfuPNqd “hM+] mnkl v©j fucZy fn[kkbZ nhA osfujk'kkiw.kZ VkyeVksy dj jgs Fks] /kwy ds NksVs ckny mBs v©j 'kke dh gokvksa ds }kjk cgk fn;sx;sA

nqcys&irys v©j [kwu ds /kCcs yxs gq, ikWp fÒ{kq] csnnhZ ls vius ÄqVuksa ij /kdsys x;sAmuesa ls ,d] ftldh okWaa;ha vkW[k] vius Äsjs (eye ball) esa ls fudy xbZ Fkh v©j mlds xky dsÅij >wy jgh Fkh] eq>s vPNh rjg ifjfpr Fkk( tc eSa ogkW ykek Fkk og ogkWa csnhlsod (accolyte)FkkA tSls gh] ,d “ou ls] ftlds Åij ^^frCcrh ç'kklu foÒkx^^ fy[kk Fkk] :l dh cuh gqbZ ,d^^thi** lM+d ij n©M+rh gqbZ vkbZ] mnkl “hM+ 'kkar v©j fLFkj gks x;hA tSls gh dkj us “hM+ dkpôj yxk;k v©j ml Vªd ds yxÒx iPphl QhV ihNs #dh] lc dqN 'kkar v©j rukoiw.kZ gks x;kA

larjh mNy dj lko/kku dh eqæk esa [kM+s gks x;s] v©j ,d LosPNkpkjh phuh] vgadkj iw.kZrjhds ls dkj esa ls fudykA tSls&tSls og pyk] ,d lSfud] rkj dks [kksyrk gqvk] tYnh ls mldhrjQ vk;kA ml fujadq'k phuhs ds lkeus] ml lSfud us vfÒoknu fd;k v©j ,d ekbØksQksu dksidM+kA xoZuj ;k ç'kkld vFkok tSlk “h mlus Lo;a dks dgk gks] us midj.k esa dqN dgus lsigys] frjLdkjiwoZd vius pkjkas vksj ns[kkA mlus dgk] bu ikWp çfrfØ;kokfn;ksa v©j bu ØkafrdkjhfÒ{kqvksa dh e©r dh ltk dk lk{kh cuus ds fy;s] ^^vkidks ;gkW yk;k x;k gSA^^ dksbZ “h O;fä]x©joiw.kZ phuh turk] tks v/;{k dkejsM ekvks dh v/;{krk ds vUrxZr gS] ds jkLrs esa ughaa vk;sxkA^^og eqM+k] v©j Vªd ds Åij yxs /ofufoLrkjd (loudspeakers) can gks x;sA xouZj us ,d lSfuddks] ,d yEch v©j eqM+h gqbZ ryokj ls b'kkjk fd;kA og igys dSnh dh vksj] tks mlds lkeusÄqVuksa ds cy ca/kk gqvk Fkk] vkxs c<+kA ,d {k.k ds fy;s og] vius vxWwaBs ds iks#, ds lkFk] viuhryokj dh /kkj dh ijh{kk djrs gq,] viuh VkWxksa dks vyx&vyx j[krs gq, [kM+k gqvkA larq"V gksdj] mlus viuk Lo:i cuk;k] v©j /khes ls ml ca/ks gq, vkneh dh xnZu dks ryokj ls NqvkA 'kkedh /kwi esa pderh gqbZ ryokj dks] ml pednkj /kkj ds Åij] mlds flj ls dkQh ÅWpk mBkrsgq,] og uhps yk;kA ogkW fu'rst 'kksj gqvk] mlds ckn ,d rh[kh] ^pVdu* dh {kf.kd vkokt gqbZv©j ml vkneh dk flj] da/kksa ls dV dj mNyk] mlds vUnj ls Vidrs gq, pedhys [kwu dh /kkjcgh] tks ml irys vkneh ds ejus ds igys /kM+dh] v©j /kM+dhA QM+du] us flj jfgr 'kjhj dks/kwy “js eSnku ij fxjk fn;k] xouZj us mlds Åij Fkwdk v©j g"kZ esa fpYyk;k( ^^lkE;okn ds lÒh

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'k=q blh çdkj ekjs tk;asxs!^^ fÒ{kq us] ftldh vkW[k mlds xky ij yVd jgh Fkh] xoZ ls viukflj mBk;k v©j rst vkokt esa fpYyk;k( ^^frCcr vej jgsA cq) ds vk'khokZn ls] ;s fQj lsmBsxkA^^ ,d lSfud viuh cUnwd ds cksuV ds lkFk] mldh rjQ n©M+us okyk Fkk] rc xouZj ustYnh ls mls jksdkA viuk psgjk xqLls ds lkFk fo:fir djrs gq,] og fpYyk;k( ^^rqeus “O; phuhturk dh csbTtrh dh \ blds fy;s] rqe /khes&/khes ejksxs!^^ vkns'kksa dks fpYykrs gq,] og lSfudksadh vksj eqM+kA vkneh gj txg tYnh n©M+sA nks] ,d lehi ds “ou ds ijs n©M+s] v©j jLlksa ds lkFkn©M+rs gq, y©VsA nwljs vknfe;ksa us] bl çfØ;k esa] ml ca/ks gq, fÒ{kq ds ca/ku] mldh ckagks v©j VkWxksadks dkVrs gq,] fxjk fn;sA xouZj us v©j vf/kd phfu;ksa dks bl –'; dk lk{kh cuus gsrq] ogkWa ykusds fy;s] Åij&uhps “kxn©M+ dhA /ofufoLrkjd (loudspeakers) ph[ks] v©j fQj ls ph[ks] lSfudksals “js gq, Vªd ds Vªd] rFkk vkneh v©jrksa v©j cPpksa dks] ^^phuh dkWejsM ds bl U;k; dks ns[kus dsfy;s ^ yk;k x;kA ,d lSfud us yVdrh gqbZ vkW[kksa dks ckgj fudkyrs gq, v©j mldh ukd dksdqpyrs gq,] cUnwd ds cV ls] ml fÒ{kq ds psgjs ij ekjkA xouZj utnhd gh fuf"Ø; [kM+k jgkAmlus ikl [kM+s gq,] vÒh “h ca/ks gq,] /kwy “jh lM+d ds Åij ÄqVuksa ds cy ca/ks gq,] rhu 'kkarfÒ{kqvksa dks ns[kkA ^^mUgsa xksyh ekjks]^^ mlus dgk] ^^mUgsa xksyh ekjks] flj ds ihNs gks dj mudh yk'kksadks yq<+dus nksA^^ lSfud vkxs c<+k v©j viuh fiLr©y fudkyhA mlus ,d fÒ{kq ds dku ds BhdihNs j[k dj ÄksM+k nck fn;kA e`r vkneh] viuk efLr"d fjlrs gq,] tehu ij vkxs fxjkA ,ddkQh vlac) lSfud] nwljs fÒ{kq dh vksj vk;k v©j rsth ls mlesa xksyh ekj nhA tc og rhljs dhvksj c<+ jgk Fkk] ,d uo;qod lSfud us dgk] ^^dkWejsM eq>s djus nks D;ksafd eSaus vc rd fdlh dksughaa ekjk gSA^^ gkW esa flj fgykrs gq, xksyh ekjus okyk] ml uo;qod lSfud dks e©dk nsus ds fy;s]mRlqdrk ds lkFk dkairk gqvk] mldk LFkku ysus ds fy;s] vyx ls ,d rjQ gV x;kA viuhfiLr©y dks fudkyrs gq,] mlus rhljs fÒ{kq dk fu'kkuk fy;k] viuh vkW[ks can dha] v©j ÄksM+k nckfn;kA xksyh rsth ls vkneh ds xkyksa esa Äqlh v©j ,d frCcrh n'kZd ds iSj esa VdjkbZA ^^nqckjkdksf'k'k djks ^] igys ltk nsus okys us dgk] ^^v©j viuh vkW[kksa dks [kqyk jgus nksA^^ tSls gh mlusxouZj dh rjQ ns[kk] tks mls frjLdkjiw.kZ <ax ls ns[k jgk Fkk] Mj v©j 'keZ ds ekjs] vc rdmldk gkFk bruk vf/kd dkai jgk Fkk fd] og cqjh rjg pwd x;k FkkA ^^viuh fiLr©y dh uky]mlds dku esa j[kks v©j rc xksyh ekjks]^^ xouZj us dgkA ,d ckj fQj] u©toku lSfud] mleqfYte fÒ{kq ds cxy ls] taxyh tkuoj dh rjg ls Vôj ekjrk gqvk vkxs c<+k] viuh cUnwd dhuyh dks mlds dku esa j[kk v©j ÄksM+k nck fn;kA ejk gqvk fÒ{kq] vius lkfFk;ksa ds cxy ls] vkxsdh rjQ fxj x;kA

ÒhM+ c<+ xbZ FkhA tSls gh eSaus vius vklikl ns[kk] eSaus ns[kk fd] og fÒ{kq] ftldks eSatkurk Fkk] viuh ckabZ “qtk v©j ckabZ VkWx ls] thi ls cka/kk tk pqdk FkkA mldh nkabZ “qtk v©j nkabZVkWx] Vªd ls cka/k nha xbaZ FkhaA ,d eqLdjkrk gqvk phuh lSfud] thi esa çfOk"V gqvk v©j mlus batudks pkyw fd;kA 'kk;n] /khes ls] ftruk /khek og dj ldrk Fkk] mlus xh;j Mkys v©j vkxs dhrjQ py fn;kA fÒ{kq dh “qtk] ,d dBksj yksgs ds n.M dh “kafr lh/ks [khap yh xbZ] ,d >ydugqbZ v©j og iwjh rjg ls da/ks ls QkM+ nh xbZA thi pyrh jghA ,d rst pVdu ds lkFk mldsdwYgs dh gìh VwV xbZ v©j ml vkneh dh nkabZ VkWx] mlds 'kjhj ls vyx gks xbZA rc thi] mlejs gq, fÒ{kq dh [kwu cgkrh gqbZ yk'k dks] ml iFkjhyh lM+d ds Åij mNyrs] Vdjkrs gq,] #dhv©j xouZj mlesa çfo"V gqvkA lSfud ml cM+s Vªd ds Åij p<+ x;s v©j ,d [kwuh ls yFkiFk “qtkv©j ,d VkWx dks ihNs [khaprs gq,] mls pyk dj ys x;sA

tSls gh] chekj lk] eSa eqM+k] eSaus ,d bekjr ds ihNs ls ,d tukuh ph[k lquh] mlds

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ckn] ,d dwzj galhA ,d phuh dle] tc Li"V :i ls v©jr us] vius Åij ml tdM+us okys dks]vius nkarks ls dkVk v©j ,d mcyrh gqbZ ph[k ¼mÒjh½] tc mls cnys esa Äk;y dj fn;k x;kA

esjs Åij] jaxhu çdk'k ds lw{e fNækas ¼flrkjksa v©j xzgksa½ ls] tks nwljh nqfu;kWa ds Fks] jkr dsvkdk'k dk xgjk uhyk jax] mnkjrk iwoZd fNM+dk x;kA eSa tkurk Fkk] mu ¼xzgksa½ eas ls vusd] clsgq, FksA eSaus vk'p;Z fd;k] fdrus gh rks bl i`Foh ds leku cM+s Fks \ esjs vklikl yk'kas Fkha] fcuknQukbZa gqbaZ yk'kasA frCcr dh BaMh gok esa lajf{kr yk'kas] tc rd fd] fx) v©j nwljs taxyhtkuoj] mUgsa [kk u tk;asA bl dk;Z dks djus esa lgk;rk nsus ds fy,] vc ;gkWa dqÙks fcYdqy ughaaFks] D;ksafd] phfu;ksa us mudks [kkus ds fy, ekj Mkyk FkkA Ygklk ds eafnjksa dh lqj{kk djus ds fy,]dksbZ fcfYy;kWa ughaa Fkha D;ksafd] mUgs a“h ekj fn;k x;k FkkA e`R;q \ bu ÄqliSafB;s lkE;okfn;ksa dsfy,] frCcfr;ksa dk thou] Äkl ds ,d fruds dks m[kkM+ nsus ls vf/kd ewY; dk ughaa FkkA

iksVkyk] esjs lkeus eaMjkrk jgkA vc] rkjkas dh /kqa/kyh jks'kuh esa] Nk;kvksa ds lkFk fefJr]phuh Òk"kk esa fy[ks fueZe ukjs] ughaa ns[ks tk ldrs FksA ifo= dczksa ds Åij yxkbZ xbZ] ,d [kkstcÙkh (search light), Ygklk dh ÄkVh ij nq"V vkaW[k dh rjg pedrh FkhA pkdiksjh] esjkfpfdfRldh; Ldwy] cnlwwjr v©j vlgk; fn[kkA bldh pksVh ds Åij ls] vÒæ phuh xkukas dhvkoktas vkbZaA dqN le; ds fy,] eSa xgjh fuæk esa jgkA ,d vkokt us] vçR;kf'kr :i ls dgk]^^esjs “kbZ] vc rqe ckgj vkvks] D;ksafd cgqr yacs le; ls rqe ;gkWa vuqifLFkr jgs gksA tSls gh rqemBks] vius “ys ds fy, lkspukA**

fFkLVy (thistle) ds js'keh ijksa dh rjg ls] vkokjk gokvksa esa fgyrs&Mqyrs] /khes ls] eSa gokesa mBkA igkM+h pksfV;ksa v©j ÄkfV;ksa dks] 'kq) v©j pkanh dh jks'kuh ls “jrk gqvk paæek] vc mxpqdk FkkA eSaus] “; ls] ceckjh fd;s x,] chjku iqjkru ykekeBksa dks] ¼ogkWa ds fuokfl;ksa½ dh ns[kÒkyls oafpr fd, gq,] euq";ksa ds ikfFkZo leku dks] iwjh rjg fc[kjs gq, eycs ds lkFk ns[kkA dqN ¼ftuds gkFkksa esa½ çkFkZukpØ (prayer wheels) tdM+s gq,] v©j dqN ftu ij ls] ce fcLQksV ds dkj.k][kwu ls lus ekal ds }kjk] /kkrq dh [kifPp;ksa ij ls] QVs gq, rkj&rkj fd, gq,] diM+s mrkj fn,x, Fks] dq:i] “ís <sjkas ds :i esa] 'kk'or 'khr ls lajf{kr] fcuk nQuk, x, eqnsZA eSaus] ,d lghlyker] ifo= vkÑfr dks ns[kk] ekuks fd og] ekuork dh gR;kjh o`fÙk ds Åij] d#.kk ds lkFkVdVdh yxk;s gq, gksA

rh[ks] iFkjhys <kyksa (slopes) ds Åij] tgkWa lk/kqvksa dh >ksifM+;kWa] igkM+kas ds cxy ls]çseiw.kZ vkfyaxu esa fpidh gSa] eSaus >ksifM+;ksa ds ckn&>ksifM;kWa ns[kha] tks vfrØe.kdkfj;ksa ds }kjkyqVh gqbZa FkhaA v/;kfRed méfr ds fy,] o"kksaZ ds fy,] ,dkar esa] va/kdkj esa] dSn gq, lk/kq] rkRdkfyd:i ls mlh {k.k va/ks gks x,] tc muds çdks"Bksaa esa] lw;Z dh jks'kuh us ços'k fd;kA yxÒx fcukviokn ds] lk/kq] vius u"V gq, Äj] tks muds lkFk gh QSyk gqvk vkSj fcLrkfjr Fkk] tks mudkvkthou fe= v©j fo'oLr lsod Fkk] ds cxy ls ejs iM+s FksA

eSa v©j vf/kd ughaa ns[k ldkA ujlagkj \ vcks/k yksxksa dh] j{kk jfgr fÒ{kqvksa dh] laosnughugR;k]\ D;k mi;ksx FkkA eSa Äwe x;k v©j muls feyk] tks eq>s bl dfczLrku ls gVus ds fn'kkfunsZ'k ns jgs FksA

thou esa esjk dk;Z] eq>s 'kq: ls gh ekywe Fkk] euq"; ds çÒkeaMy ds laca/k esa gh Fkk] osfofdj.k] tks euq"; 'kjhj dks iwjh rjg Äsjs jgrs gSa] v©j fdlh n{k iq#"k dks] mlds fgyrs gq, jaxfn[kkrs gSa fd] dksbZ euq"; vknj.kh; gS ;k nwljh rjg dkA chekj O;fä v©j mldh chekfj;ksa dksçÒkeaMy ds jaxksa }kjk ns[kk tk ldrk gSaA çR;sd us] dksgjs “jh jkr esa] lM+d dh jks'kuh ds pkjkasvksj] çdk'k dk Äsjk ns[kk gksxkA dqN yksxksa us] mPp nkc ckys rkjksa ls] fuf'pr le; ij fudyrk

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gqvk] lqifjfpr] dksjksuk folZtu "(corona discharge)" Òh ns[kk gksxkA ekuoh; çÒkeaMy “hdqN&dqN oSlk gh gSA ;s vkarfjd thou cy (life force) dks çnf'kZr djrk gSA iqjkus tekus dsfp=dkj] larks ds flj ds pkjkas vksj] rstkseaMy (halo) ;k fuEcl (nimbus) dk fp=.k djrs FksAD;ksa \ D;ksafd] os mu yksxksa ds çÒkeaMy dks ns[k ldrs FksA esjh igyh nks iqLrdkas ds çdk'ku dsckn ls] iwjs fo'o ls] eq>s yksxksa us fy[kk gS v©j muesa ls dqN yksx çÒkeaMy dks ns[k “h ldrs gSaA

o"kksZ igys] MkWDVj fdyusj (Dr. Kilner)1 us] yanu ds ,d vLirky esa 'kks/k djrs gq, ik;kfd] dqN fuf'pr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa og çÒkeaMy dks ns[k ldrs FksA mUgksaus bl laca/k esa ,d fdrkcfy[khA fpfdRlk foKku bl rjg dh [kkst ds fy, çLrqr ughaa Fkk] v©j tks dqN mUgksaus [kkstk]mldks nck fn;k x;kA eSa “h] vius rjhds ls] 'kks/k dk;Z dj jgk gwWa] v©j ,d midj.k dks ns[k jgkgWwa] tks fdlh “h fpfdRld ;k oSKkfud dks] fdlh dk çÒkeaMy ns[kus ds fy,] l{ke cuk nsxk v©jog ^vlk/;* chekfj;ksa dk vYVªklksfud (ultrasonic) daiukas ls bykt djsxkA iSlk] iSlk ,d leL;kgSA 'kks/k dk;Z ges'kk [kphZyk gksrk Fkk!

v©j vc] eq>s vk'p;Z gS fd] os eq>s nwljs dh dk;k dks ysus dk dk;Z] 'kjhjkas ds cnyus dkdk;Z] nsuk pkgrs gSaA

esjh f[kM+dh ds ckgj] ,d tcjnLr Vdjko gqvk] ftlus okLrfod :i esa gekjs Äj dksfgyk fn;kA ^vksg* eSaus lkspk] ^^jsy dehZ nksckjk 'kafVax (shunting) dj jgs gSaA vÒh dkQh yacsle; rd 'kkafr ughaa gksxhA** unh ij] “kM+s dk ,d cM+k >hy dk LVhej] nq[ke; rjhds ls 'kksj djjgk Fkk& tSls ,d xk; vius cNM+s ds fy, jaÒkrh gS oSls gh& v©j ¼mldk½ tokc] nwj ls fdlhnwljs tgkt dh çfr/ofu ds :i esa vk;kA

^esjs “kbZ!* vkokt nqokjk esjs ikl vkbZ] v©j eSaus tYnh ls] fØLVy ij] viuk /;ku yxk;kAcw<+s vkneh] vÒh “h o`rkdkj cSBs gq, Fks v©j og iwT;uh; iqj[kk (patriarch)] dsUæ esa FkkA vc osFkds gq,] pqds gq,] yx jgs Fks] 'kk;n mudh voLFkk dk v©j vPNh rjg c[kku fd;k tk ldrk gS]D;ksafd mUgksaus bl fcuk rS;kjh ds] bl rkRdkfyd ;k=k dks laÒo cukus ds fy,] dkQh 'kfä eq>sgLrkarfjr dj nh FkhA

^esjs “kbZ] rqeus gekjs ns'k dh gkyr dks Li"V :i ls ns[k fy;k gSA rqeus vkØked ds dM+sgkFkksa dks “h ns[k fy;k gSA rqEgkjk dk;Z] rqEgkjs lkeus nks dk;Z Li"V gSa v©j rqe nksuksa esa] gekjhO;oLFkk dh “O;rk rd] lQy gks ldrs gksA*

Fkdk gqvk cw<+k vkneh] “;Òhr fn[kkbZ fn;kA og tkurk Fkk& tSlk eSa le>rk gwaW fd] eSalEeku iwoZd bl dk;Z dks euk dj ldrk gwWaA ,d [kjkc lewg ds }kjk QSykbZ xbaZ] >qBykbZ xbZadgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls] eq>s dkQh gn rd xyr le>k x;k FkkA fQj “h] eSa cgqr vPNkvrhfUæ;foKkuh Fkk] cgqr vPNk nwjkuqÒwfr djus okykA esjs fy, lw{e'kjhjh ;k=k,sa pyus fQjus lsvf/kd vklku FkhaA ys[ku \ Bhd gS] gkWa] yksx] tks eSa fy[krk Fkk mldks i<+ ldrs Fks v©j ;fn osiwjs ds Åij fo'okl ughaa dj ldrs] rc os yksx] tks i;kZIr :i ls fodflr gSa] fo'okl dj ghldrs Fks v©j lR; dks tku ldrs FksA

1 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % MkWDVj ckWYVj tkWu fdyusj ¼1847&1920½ FkWksel vLirky yanu esa ,d fpfdRlh; bysDVªhf'k;u FksA ogkWa os ¼1889 ls &1893 rd½ fo|qrh;fpfdRlk ds çzÒkjh jgsA ckn esa mUgksaus futh çsfDVl Òh dhA mUgksaus vusd fo"k;ksa ds Åij 'kks/ki= çzdkf'kr fd, ijarq vktdy mUgsa ekuoh; okrkoj.k (humanatmosphere) ds v/;;u ds fy,] tks mUgksaus thou ds vafre le; esa fd;k] lcls vf/kd tkuk tkrk gSA 1883 esa mUgsa jkW;y dkWyst vkQ fQthf'k;Ul] dk lnL;cuk;k x;kA vius Qkyrw le; esa os 'krjat ds cgqr vPNs f[kykM+h FksA

1911 esa fdyusj] ekuoh; okrkoj.k ;k çÒkeaMy (human atmosphere or aura) ds Åij] if'peh fo'o esa igyk 'kks/ki= çdkf'kr fd;kA mldsvfLrRo] ç—fr vkSj fpfdfRldh; jksx fu/kkZj.k (diagnosis) esa] laÒkfor mi;ksxksa ds laca/k esa v/;;u fd;sA muds vuqlkj] ekuoh; ÅtkZ dk {ks=] mlds LokLF; vkSjeu%fLFkfr dk ladsr gksrk gSA fdyusj ds leku gh v/;;u] muds i'pkrorhZ gkWjksYM lsDlVu cYM (Harold Sexton Burr) us Òh fd;k FkkA dsyusj dk dkev)Zpkydksa dh rduhd fodflr gksus ls igys fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj iwjh rjg ls cksYVehVj vkSj [kqyh vka[kks ij vk/kkfjr Fkk] ftUgsa çÒkeaMyh; lfØ;rk ds fy, çf'kf{krdjuk gksrk FkkA mUgksaus dYiuk dh fd] 'kk;n mudk v/;;u] ijkcSxuh fodj.kks ls lacaf/kr Fkk vkSj bls fo|qr pqEcdksa }kjk çÒkfor ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA

10

^esjs “kbZ]* cw<+s vkneh us ujeh ls dgk] ^;|fi vfodflr] fo'okl djus dk cgkuk djrs Fksfd] vki xYi dFkk,sa fy[krs gSa] lR; dk i;kZIr Òkx muds vopsru esa tk;sxk v©j d©u tkurkgS \& lR; dk ,d NksVk cht] muds blh vFkok vkxkeh thou esa f[ky mBsA tSlk fd “xoku cq)us] rhu jFkksa ds –"Vkar esa] Lo;a dgk gS] var gh lk/kuksa dks rdZ;qä cukrk gSA*

rhu jFkksa dk –"Vkar! D;k thoUr Le`fr] ftlus eq>s okil yk fn;kA fdruk Li"V :i ls eSapkdiksjh esa eq>s i<+krs gq,] vius fç; f'k{kd v©j fe=] ykek feaX;kj MksaaMqi dks ;kn djrk gwWaA

,d cw<+k fpfdfRldh; c©) fÒ{kq] ,d cgqr chekj v©jr ds Mjksa dks] dqN gkfu jfgr ^lQsn>wB* ds }kjk ljy cukus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk Fkk v©j eSa vuqÒoghu u©toku] vkRelarqf"V v©jvknj Òko ds lkFk] bl vpkud >Vds dks O;ä djrs gq, vk'p;Z pfdr gks jgk Fkk fd] D;k fdlhfÒ{kq dks bl vkdfLedrk esa “h >wB cksyuk pkfg,A esjs f'k{kd] ;g dgrs gq, esjs lkFk&lkFk vk,]^^vius dejs esa pyas] yksclkax! ge ifo= xzaFkksa dks] ykÒ ds lkFk] ns[k ldrs gSaA** v©j tSls gh] oglarqf"V ds 'kqÒsPNkiw.kZ xeZ çÒkeaMy ds lkFk eqM+s] esjh vksj ns[kdj eqLdjk;s] v©j iksVkyk dksvuns[kk djrs gq,] esjs lkFk] nwjfLFkr vius dejs dh vksj pysA

^^pk; v©j “kjrh; dsd] gkaW] gesa uk'rk ysuk pkfg,] yksclkax] D;ksafd uk'rs ds lkFk] rqetkudkjh dks “h ipk ldrs gksA** fÒ{kq&lsod] ftlus gesa ços'k djrs gq, ns[k fy;k Fkk] fcuk cqyk;s]lqUnj idokuksa ds lkFk] ftUgsa eSa ilan djrk Fkk v©j tks eq>s dsoy esjs f'k{kd ds “ys dk;kZy;ksa lsgh çkIr gks ldrs Fks] mUgsa ysdj mifLFkr gqvkA

dqN le; ds fy, ge cSBs v©j vkjke ls ckras djrs jgs vFkok eSaus [kk;k v©j [kkus ds lkFkckrsa dhaA rc tSls gh eSaus lekIr fd;k] yC/k çfrf"Br ykek us dgk % ^^çR;sd fu;e ds viokn gksrsgSa] yksclkax] v©j çR;sd flôs vFkok Vksdu ds nks Qyd ¼igyw½ gksrs gSaA cq) us vius fe=ksa v©jf'k";ksa dks foLrkj ls crk;k Fkk] v©j tks dqN “h mUgkasus dgk] fy[kk v©j lajf{kr fd;k x;kA ,ddgkuh gS] tks orZeku eas Bhd&Bhd ykxw gksrh gSA eSa bls rqEgsa crkÅWaxkA** mUgksus Lo;a dks iqu%O;ofLFkr fd;k] vius xys dks lkQ fd;k] v©j dguk tkjh j[kk %

^;g rhu jFkksa dh dgkuh gSA bls blfy, ,slk dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd mu fnuksa ds cPpksa esabudh cgqr ekax jgrh Fkh] Bhd oSls gh] tSls fd vktdy oSlkf[k;kaW (stilts) v©j “kjrh; ehBs dsd¼ekax esa½ gSaA cq) vius vuq;kb;ksa esa ls ,d] ftldk uke ljhiq= Fkk] ds lkFk ckrsa dj jgs FksA oscM+s “kjrh; isM+kas eas ls ,d] dh Nk;k es cSB dj] lR; v©j vlR;] v©j igys okys ¼lR;½ dhvPNkb;kWa] dbZ ckj] ckn okys ¼vlR;½ dh n;kyqrk ds lkeus] fdl çdkj gYdh iM+ tkrha gSa] dsÅij ppkZ dj jgs FksA

cq) us dgk] ^^ ljhiq=] vc ,d cM+s /kuh vkneh ds çdj.k ij fopkj djsa] ,d bruk /kuhvkneh fd og] vius ifjokj dh çR;sd lud dks larq"V dj ldrk FkkA og dbZ iq=ksa v©j ,d cM+sedku okyk cw<+k vkneh FkkA iq=ksa ds tUe ls gh] mUgsa [krjksa ls cpkus ds fy,] og gj dke djrkjgkA os ¼iq=½ [krjs dks ughaa tkurs Fks v©j mUgksaus nq[kksa dk vuqÒo ughaa fd;k FkkA vkneh us viusÄj v©j lkezkT; dks NksM+k v©j O;kikj ds flyflys esa iM+©l ds xkWao dks x;kA tc og okily©Vk] mlus vkdk'k esa /kqavk mBrk gqvk ns[kkA mlus cgqr tYnh dh v©j tSls gh vius Äj igWqapk]mlus ik;k fd] mlesa vkx yxh gSA pkjkas nhokjksa esa vkx yxh Fkh v©j Nr ty jgh FkhA Äj dsvanj] mlds csVs vÒh “h [ksy jgs Fks] D;ksafd os [krjs dks ughaa le> ldsA os Äj ds ckgj vk ldrsFks] ijarq os nq[k dk vFkZ ughaa le>rs Fks] D;ksafd os blh çdkj dh fljijLrh eas ikys x, Fks( os vkxds [krjs dks ughaa le>rs Fks D;ksafd] mUgksus dsoy jlksbZÄj esa gh vkx ns[kh FkhA

^^ml vkneh dks cgqr vf/kd fpUrk Fkh] fd og dSls vdsyk Äj esa tk ldrk gS v©j vius

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cPpkas dks cpk ldrk gS\ ;fn og çfo"V gks pqdk gksrk] rks 'kk;n] og muesa ls dsoy ,d dks ckgjfudky ldrk Fkk] nwljs [ksy jgs gksrs v©j bl dks “h ,d [ksy gh le> jgs gksrsA muesa ls dqN]tks cgqr NksVs Fks] vkx dh yisVksa esa] Äwe jgs gksrs] Vgy jgs gksrs] D;ksafd mUgksaus Mjuk lh[kk gh ughaaFkkA firk njokts ij x;k v©j mudks iqdkjrs gq, dgk] ^^cPpks] cPpks] ckgj vkvks( rqjUr ;gkWvkvksA**

^^ijUrq cPps] viuh firk dh ckr ughaa ekuuk pkg jgs Fks] os [ksyuk pkg jgs Fks] os c<+rh gqbZxehZ ds dkj.k] ftls os ughaa le> jgs Fks] vius Äj ds e/; esa bdës gksuk pkg jgs FksA firk us lkspk& ^^ eSa vius iq=ksa dks Bhd ls tkurk gwW] eSa] muds pfj=ksa ds varj dks] muds LoÒko ds jaxksa dks]vkSj mudks] ,dne lgh le>rk gwW( eSa tkurk gWw fd] os rÒh ckgj vk;saxs] tc os lkspas fd] ckgjdqN ykÒ gS] ;gkW dksbZ u;k f[ky©uk gSA^^ blfy;s og fiNys njokts dh vksj x;k v©j mlus tksjls iqdkjk & ^^cPpks] cPpks] ckgj vkvks] rqjUr ckgj vkvks] esjs ikl rqEgkjs fy;s f[kYk©us gSa] tks ;gkWnjokts ds ikl j[ks gq, gSaA cSy ds jFk] cdjh ds jFk] v©j ok;q ds jFkksa dk ,d csM+k] D;ksafd] ;s ,de`x }kjk [khapk tkrk gSA 'khÄzrk ls vkvks vU;Fkk os rqEgsa ughaa feysaxsA^^

^^cPps] vkx ls ughaa Mjrs gq,] tyrh gqbZ Nr v©j nhokjksa ds [krjs ls ughaa Mjrs gq,] ijUrqblls Mjrs gq, fd] ;fn os n©M+ dj ughaa vk;s rks mUgsa f[kYk©us ughaa feyasxs] v©j rsth ls f[ky©uksadks ysus ds fy;s] lcls igys ysus ds fy;s] v©j igyk pquko djus ds fy;s] mRlqdrk esa] ,d nwljsds Åij Nhuk>iVh djrs gq,] os n©M+rs gq, vk;s v©j tSls gh vkf[kjh cPps us] ml “ou dks NksM+k]og tyrh gqbZ Nr] fpuxkfj;ksa v©j eycs ds >jus esa fxj xbZA

^^cPpksa dks [krjs dk [;ky ughaa FkkA os mlds Åij ikj dj x;s] ijUrq ,d cM+h Qfj;kndhA ^^fiRkkth] firkth] os f[ky©us dgkW gS] ftudk vkius gesa ok;nk fd;k \ os rhu jFk dgkW gSa] gecgqr rsth ls n©M+rs gq, vk;s v©j os ;gkW ij ughaa gSA firkth vkius ok;nk fd;k FkkA^^

firk] ,d /kuk<~; vkneh] ftlds fy;s edku dk uqdlku] dksbZ “kjh >Vdk ughaa Fkk] vcmlds iq= lqjf{kr Fks] tYnh ls muds ikl x;k v©j mudks [kjhn dj f[kYk©us fn;sA jFk] ;s tkursgq, fd] bl ;qfä us mlds iq=ksa dk thou cpk;k gSA

cq) ljhiq= dh vksj eqM+s v©j mUgksaus dgk] ^^vc ljhiq=] D;k ;s ;qfä rdZiw.kZ ughaa Fkh \D;k ml vkneh us “ksys ek/;eksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq,] blds vUr dks rdZ;qä cuk;k \ fcuk blKku ds] mlds iq= vkx dh yiVksa esa “Le gks x;s gksrs &

ljhiq=] cq) dh vksj c<+k v©j mlus dgk] ^^gkW] vks Lokeh] “yk var] ek/;eksa dks ;qfälaxrcukrk gS v©j vf/kd “ykbZ gh ykrk gSA^^

ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi] esjh vksj ns[krs gq, eqLdkjk;s v©j esjh vksj ns[krs gq, dgk fd] rqe rhufnuksa ds fy;s] pkdiksjh ds ckgj NksM+s x;s Fks] rqeus lkspk fd rqEgsa ços'k ls jksdk x;k gS] fQj “h]ge rqEgkjs Åij ,d tkWp dj jgs Fks] ,d ek/;e] tks var esa ;qfälaxr gqvk] D;ksafd] rqeus “yhÒkafr çxfr dhA^^

^^eSa “h] ,d lk/ku] tks var esa ;qfälaxr gksxk] dk mi;ksx dj jgk gwWaA^^ eSa bls fy[k jgkgwW] viuh lR; dgkuh & ^rhljh vkW[k* v©j ^Ygklk dk MkWDVj* “h ,dne lR; gSa & bl fglkc lsfd] eSa ckn esa vius çÒke.My ds dk;Z dks tkjh j[k ldwWA blfy;s vusd yksxksa us eq>s fy[k djiwNk gS] eSa D;ksa fy[kwW v©j mUgsa mldk Li"Vhdj.k fey tk;s( eSa lR; fy[k jgk gWw bl Øe esa fdif'peh yksx] ;g tku ldsa fd] euq"; dh vkRek] bu Liwrfudksa ;k lulukrs gq, jkWdsVksa dh vis{kkvf/kd egku gSA var esa] tSlkfd eSaus fd;k gS] euq"; vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa ds }kjk] nwljs xzgksa dkstk;sxk] ijUrq if'peh euq";] tc rd fd og] vius futh ykÒ] Lo;a dh méfr v©j nwljs lkfFk;ksa

12

ds vf/kdkjksa ij /;ku nsus dh ckr gh ughaa lksprk gS] ,sls ughaa tk;sxkA eSa ;s lR; fy[k jgk gaWwrkfd eSa ckn esa] ekuo çÒke.My ds dk;Z dks vkxs c<+k ldwWA blds Åij fopkj djsa ¼;s gksxk½] ,dejht MkWDVj ds ijke'kZ d{k esa vkrk gSA MkWDVj reke ckrsa iwNus dh fpark ughaa djrk] og ek= ,dfo'ks"k dSejk mBrk gS v©j mlls og ejht ds çÒke.My ds QksVksxzkQ ysrk gSA ,d feuV ;k ,slsgh fdlh le; esa] ;g vrhfUæ;Kku u j[kus okyk fpfdRld] vius gkFk esa ejht ds çÒke.My dk,d dyj QksVksxzkQ ykrk gSA og bldk] bldh /kkfj;ksa v©j jaxksa ds “snksa dk] v/;;u djrk gS]Bhd oSls gh] tSlsfd ,d euksfpfdRld] fdlh fnekxh chekj euq"; dh] vfÒfyf[kr (recorded)efr"d rjaxksa (brain waves)2 dk v/;;u djrk gSA

,d lkekU; fpfdRld] ml jaxhu QksVksxzkQ dh] ekudksa ds lkFk rqyuk djds] ijkJO;(ultrasonic) bykt dk iwjk dkslZ fy[krk gS v©j jaxhu o.kZØe ls mldk bykt djrk gS] tksejht ds çÒke.My esa fn[kus okyh dfe;ksa dks Bhd djsxkA dSalj \ bldk bykt gksxkA {k;jksx(Tuberculosis or T. B., short for tubercle bacillus) \ bldk “h bykt gksxkA gkL;kLin \Bhd gS] dsoy dqN le; igys gh] jsfM;ks rjaxksa dk ,VykafVd ds ikj “stk tkuk ^^gkL;kLin** gksrkFkkA ^^l© ehy çfr ÄaVk ls vf/kd xfr ls mM+us ds ckjs esa lkspuk “h] ^^gkL;kLin** FkkA rc mUgksausdgk Fkk] euq"; 'kjhj bl ruko dks >sy ughaa ldsxkA varfj{k esa tkus ds ckjs esa fopkj djuk “h^^gkL;kLin** FkkA canj igys ls gh ogkW gSaA esjk ;s ^^gkL;kLin** fopkjA eSa bls QyhÒwr gksrs gq,ns[k pqdk gwW!

eq>s orZeku esa okil ykrs gq,] ckgj ls vkus okys 'kksj us] esjs dejs dks “sn fn;kA 'kksj \jsyksa dh 'kafVax (shunting)] iM+©l esa lulukrs gq, vkx ds batu dh ph[k] v©j LFkkuh; euksjatudsUæksa dh pedrh gqbZ jks'kfu;ksa ds chp] tYnh djrs gq,] tksj&tksj ls cfr;krs gq, yksxA eSa fØLVydk mi;ksx d:Wxk v©j mUgsa ;g crkÅWxk fd] tSlk os dgrs gSa] eSa oSlk gh d:WxkA^^

esjs vUnj c<+rk gqvk ^^xeZ vglkl^^ eq>s crkrk gS fd] ^^os ^ igys ls gh bls tkurs gSa v©j[kq'k gSaA blfy;sa tSlk funsZf'kr fd;k x;k Fkk] ;gkW lR; çLrqr gS] ^jEik dh dgkuh*A

2 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % efLr"d ess gksus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa dks crkus ds fy, efLr"d rjaxks (brain waves) dh vkofr;ksa dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSA efLr"d rjaxspkj lewgksa esa foÒkftr dh x;ha gSa] tks vf/kdka'kr% efLr"d dh lfØ;rk ds Lrj dks crkrh gSaA igyk lewg chVk rjaxks (beta waves) dk dgykrk gS] ftudhvkofr;kWa] rsjg ls iSrhl daiu çfr lsads.M (13-35 Hzs) dh gksrh gSaA ;s efLr"d dh lkekU; lfØ;rk ds lkFk lac) gksrh gSa] blesa ls Åijh lhek dh rjaxsa]efLr"d esa mÙkstuk] ruko vFkok Øks/k dh fLFkfr dks crkrh gSa] ftlesa efLr"d dh lkspus vkSj rdZ djus dh {kerk,sa lekIr gks tkrh gSaA vYQk rjaxsa (alphawaves), 8&12 daiu çfr lsds.M (8-12 Hzs), dh gksrh gSa] tks vkjke vkSj f'kfFkyu dh fLFkfr çnf'kZr djrh gSaA vYQk rjaxs dqN lh[kus vkSj efLr"d dksdsfUær ,oa Qksdflr djus ds fy, vkn'kZ gksrh gSA rhljk lewg FkhVk rjaxksa (theta waves), 4&7 gV~tZ dk gksrk gS] tks efLr"d dh dYiuk 'kfä] Lefr dks çkIrdjuk vkSj efLr"d dks vkarfjd :i ls dsfUær djus tSlh fØz;kvksa dks djus ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSA lkekU;r% ;s fLFkfr NksVs cPpksa] O;ogkj esa ifjorZu vkSj uhanvFkok LoIu dh fLFkfr;ksa esa gksrh gSaA vafre lewg] tc dksbZ O;fä] vR;f/kd xgjh fuæk esa gksrk gS] vR;f/kd /kheh MsYVk rjaxksa (delta waves),(0.5-3 hzs) dkgksrk gSA lkekU; fu;e ;s gS fd] efLr"d rjaxks dh vkofr ftruh uhph gksxh] euq"; mruk gh vf/kd vkjke dh fLFkfr esa gksxk vkSj ;s vkofr ftruh vf/kd gksxh]og]mruk gh ltx vkSj mÙksftr gksxk

;s fofÒé vkofr;kW]a efLr"d esa ,dne lgh jklk;fud çfrmÙkjksa (responses) dk ltu djrh gSaaA bu U;wjks jlk;uksa (neuro chemicals) dk lzkofo'ks"k çfrfØ;k,sa mRié djrk gS] ftlls Ò;] fo"k; okluk] g"kZ] fo"kkn] çse vkfn dh Òkouk,saa mRié gksrh gSaA bu lÒh dks vkSj çfrÒk@ fofÒé Òkoukvksa dks fo'ks"kçdkj ds efLr"d jlk;uks ds la;ksx] ls mRié fd;k tkrk gSA efLr"d ds bu lzkoksa dk ,dne lgh feJ.k] fdUgh loksZR—"V fof'k"V m–s';ksa ds fy,] fLFkfr;ksa dks mRiédj ldrk gS] tSls fd va/kdkj ds çfr Ò; vFkok vR;f/kd rhoz /;ku dsUæ.kA

13

v/;k; nks

bl 'krkCnh ds var rd] frCcr vusd leL;kvksa ls fÄjk gqvk FkkA fczVsu] iwjs fo'o dksfpYyk dj ;g crkrs gq,] fd frCcr] :l ds lkFk vf/kd eS=hiw.kZ Fkk] tks fczfV'k lkezkT; ds fy;svfgrdj Fkk] cM+k gaxkek [kM+k dj jgk FkkA ekLdks esa] iwjs :l dk tkj (Czar)3, vius egy dscMs&cM+s gkWyksa esa] tksj&'kksj ls f'kdk;r djrs gq, ph[k jgk Fkk fd] frCcr] fczVsu ds lkFk t:jrls T;knk] eS=hiw.kZ gksrk tk jgk FkkA phu ds 'kkgh U;k;ky; us] bl vfÒ;ksx dh] fd frCcr] fczVsuv©j :l nksuksa gh ds lkFk] vf/kd eS=hiw.kZ gks jgk Fkk v©j phu ds lkFk i;kZIr fe=or~ ughaa Fkk]nqckjk iqf"V dhA

Ygklk esa] fofÒé jk"Vªksa ds tklwlksa ds >q.M ds >q.M] fÒ[kkfj;ksa] fÒ{kqvksa] rhFkZ;kf=;ksa] vFkokfe'kufj;ksa ds Nùos'kksa esa] vFkok fdUgh vU; rjhdksa ls] tks dqy feyk dj] frCcr esa jgus dk ,dmfpr cgkuk çnku dj ldsa] vk x;s FksA fofÒé tkfr;ksa ds feytqys] NqViqV “æiq#"k] va/ksjs dslansgiw.kZ vkoj.k esa] ;s ns[kus ds fy;s fd] os bl nq%[k Òjh vUrjkZ"Vªh; ifjfLFkfr ls dSls ykÒ mBkldrs gSa] dqfVyrk ls feysA egku rsgjosa] rsgjosa nykbZykek4] vorkj v©j vius vf/kdkjksa lslEié] ,d egku jktiq#"k us] vius Øks/k dk 'keu v©j 'kkafr dk ifjpkyu djrs gq,] frCcr dks>xM+s ls nwj cpk dj j[kkA fo'o ds vxz.kh jk"Vªçeq[kksa ds vej fe=rk ds uez lans'kksa v©j ^^lqj{kkds ^ vxaÒhj çLrkoksa us] ifo= fgeky; dks ikj fd;kA

eSa] bl v'kkafr v©j d"V ds okrkoj.k esa iSnk gqvkA tSlk jEik nknh ekW us lR; gh dgk Fkk]eSa nq[k nsus ds fy;s gh iSnk gqvk Fkk v©j ges'kk gh d"Vkas esa jgk] v©j buesa ls eqf'dy ls gh dksbZ]esjk [kqn dk iSnk fd;k gqvk FkkA “fo";–"Vk v©j T;ksfrf"k;ksa us ^^cPps dh^^ ça'klk esa tksj ls dgkFkk fd] bls vrhfUæ;Kku v©j nwjkuqÒwfr tUe ls gh migkj ds :i esa çkIr gksaxhA ^^vlk/kkj.kvkRek]^^ ,d us dgkA ^^viuk uke bfrgkl esa NksM+ tkus ds fy;s “kX;'kkyh]^^ nwljs us dgkA ^^gekjsfgrksa ds fy;s ,d egku çdk'k]^^ rhljs us dgkA v©j eSaus] viuh vk;q ds çkajÒ esa] viuh vkokt]fny ls] ew[kZrkiw.kZ :i ls] ,d ckj nqckjk fQj iSnk gksus ds fojks/k esa mBkbZA fj'rsnkj] tSls gh eSamudh cksyh dks le>us esa leFkZ gqvk] gj volj ij] eq>s ml 'kksj dk] tks eSa djrk Fkk] /;kufnykus dk ç;kl djrs Fks( mUgksaus eq>s vkuUn ds lkFk dgk fd] esjk Loj vR;Ur dBksj Fkk]vR;f/kd cslqjhyh vkokt] ftldk lquuk muds fy;s nqÒkZX;'kkyh FkkA

firkth] frCcr ds vxzx.; yksxksa esa ls ,d FksA mPpJs.kh ds ,d “æiq:"k (noble man)5]

3 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % tkj ,d mikf/k gS] tks ;wjksih; xqyke ns'k ds jktkvks dks ;k lokZsPp 'kkldksa dks nh tkrh FkhA :lh lkezkT; ds 'kkld lh tkj dks] ,dkf/kdkjh(arisocrat) uk;d dgk tkrk FkkA 1917 esa :l esa [kwuh Økafr gqbZ] ftlus tkj dh lÙkk dks gVk fn;k vkSj var esa lksfo;r laÄ dk mn; gqvkA çFke fo'o ;q)¼1914&1918½ ds lanÒZ esa] Òkjh lSfud lnes ds QyLo:i [kwuh Økafr gqbZ FkhA yky vkSj 'osr yksxks ds chp esa] xg ;q) ÒM+d mBk vkSj bl Økafr us lu~ 1922 esalksfo;r lkekftd x.kra= ¼;w ,l ,l vkj½ ds lztu dk ekxZ ç'kLr fd;kA

4 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % frCcrh Òk"kk esa] nykbZ dk vFkZ] lkxj gksrk gS vkSj ykek dk vFkZ] iafMr ;k Kkuh gksrk gSA blfy, nykbZykek dk vFkZ gksrk gS Kku dklkxjA ;s ,d mikf/k gS] tks /kekZpk;Z vkSj jktçeq[k dks nh tkrh gSA 1391 ls çkjaÒ gks dj vc rd] pkSng nykbZykek gks pqds gSaA orZeku esa pkSngosa nykbZykek] Hkkjr easfgekapy çns'k ds /keZ'kkyk ftys esa jgrs gS fu"dkflr ljdkj (Govt. in exile) ds ek/;e ls] frCcr dk lapkyu djrs gSaA blls iwoZ rsjgosa nykbZykek] ftudk ukeRF;wcrsu KkRlks Fks] ftudk tUe 1895 esa vkSj eR;q 1933 esa gqbZ] dk ;gkWa mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA bu nykbZykek ds 'kklu dky esa] frCcr dk lu~ 1904 esa fczVsu ds }kjkvkSj 1910 esa phu ds }kjk vfrØe.k fd;k x;k FkkA igyh ckj phu }kjk frCcrh vfrØe.k ds nkSjku] ;s frCcr ls Òkx dj Òkjr vk x;s Fks] tgka mUgksaus vk/kqfudrduhdksa dks ns[kk vkSj Ygklk esa okil ykSVus ds ckn] muesa ls dqN ,d lq/kkj tSls fd fctyh Äj cukuk] iksVkyk egy esa VsyhQksu dk yxk;k tkuk vkSj frCcr esaigys pkj ifg;k okgu dks j[kuk 'kkfey FkkA mUgksaus frCcr esa igyh ckj] Lora= iqfyl vkSj frCcrh QkSt dk xBu fd;k vkSj muds fy, vk/kqfud ifjos'k r; fd;kvkSj muds çf'k{k.k ds ekudks dks LFkkfir fd;k rFkk U;k; ds ra= dks Òh lq/kkjkA rsjgosa nykbZykek us vuqÒo fd;k fd] nqfu;kWa esa cus jgus ds fy,] frCcfr;ksa dks cM+hla[;k esa f'kf{kr djuk iM+sxk] blfy, vius 'kkludky esa mUgksaus ç[kj cqf) okys vusd frCcrh ukStckuksa dks Òkjr vkSj baXyS.M esa f'k{kk çkIr djus ds fy, ÒstkA mUgksausfrCcrh Mkd fVfdV dh 'kq:vkr dhA

5 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % frCcr esa /kuh vkSj laÒzkar ukxfjdksa vkSj ifjokjksa dk ,d vyx oxZ gksrk Fkk] ftls 'kklu }kjk leFkZu çkIr FkkA 'kklu frCcr ds ukxfjdks esa lsÒæ iq:"kksa dh Äks"k.kk djrk FkkA ;s Òæ iq:"k ,d can lekt dh Òkafr] fj'rsnkjh esa vkil esa gh] fookg laca/k djrs FksA ,d ckj Òæ lekt esa ços'k fey tkus ds ckn]ihf<+;ksa rd] tc rd fd] fdlh cM+s vijk/k ds dkj.k] muls ;s #rok (status) okil ugha ys fy;k tk;s] ihf<+;kas rd pyrk jgrk FkkA NksVs ls lekt esa] vkil esa ghfookg laca/k djus ds ds dkj.k] buesa ca'kkuqxr chekfj;kWa cgqr gksrha Fkha vkSj budk thoudky Òh vis{kk—r de gksrk FkkA vr% budh la[;k ÄVrh tkrh Fkh] ftls cuk;sj[kus ds fy,] le;≤ ij u;s yksxks dk p;u] Òæ iq:"k ds :i esa fd;k tkrk FkkA u;s nykbZykek ds ifjokj ds lnL;] Lor% gh Hknz iq#"kksa esa 'kkfey gksrs FksA

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gekjs jk"Vª ds ekeyksa esa mudk fo'ks"k çÒko FkkA ekW] “h] viuh rjQ ds ifjokj ds uhfr laca/khekeyksa esa] vius vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx djrha FkhaA vc] fiNys lkyksa ds Åij okil ns[krs gq,] eSa ;slkspus ds fy;s foo'k gwW fd os] yxÒx brus egRoiw.kZ Fks] ftruk fd] ekW lksprha Fkha] v©j ;s fdlhçdkj ls fuEu Øe ughaa FkkA

esjs çkjafÒd fnu] iksVkyk ds lehi] dfyax pw (Kaling Chu) ;k çlérk dh unh ds Bhdikj] vius Äj ij xqtjsA ^^çlé^^ D;ksafd] tSls&tSls ;s] vusd NksVh ufn;ksa ds Åij gYdh lh] nchlh] gWalrh gqbZ v©j 'kgj ds e/; esa gksdj Äwerh gqbZ] dbZ ufn;ksa dks lesV dj pyrh gS] ;s Ygklkdks thou çnku djrh gSA vPNs u©dj&pkdjkas ls “jk gqvk gekjk Äj] Bhd ls ydM+h dk cuk Fkk]v©j esjs ekW&cki jktdh; 'kku 'k©dr ls jgrs FksA eSa & Bhd gS eq>s] vf/kd dM+kbZ ds lkFk] dBksjvuq'kklu esa j[kk x;k FkkA 'krkCnh ds igys n'kd esa] phuh vfrØe.k ds e/;] firkth cqjh rjgdVq gks x;s Fks v©j esjs Åij mudh ukjktxh] rdZghu :i ls (irrationally) fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhA ekWds ikl] fo'o dh nwljh lkekftd v©jrksa dh rjg] cPpksa ds fy;s dksbZ le; ughaa Fkk] mudhns[kÒky djuk ,d ,slk dk;Z Fkk] ftlls fd] mudks fdjk;s ds u©djksa dks Fkekrs gq,] ;FkklaÒo rsthls NqVdkjk ikuk FkkA

ÒkbZ ikytksj] gekjs lkFk vf/kd fnuksa rd ughaa fVdk( og lkrosaa tUefnu ls igys ^^LoxhZ;{ks=ksa** v©j 'kkafr dks i/kkj x;kA rc eSa pkj o"kksZ dk Fkk v©j ml le; ls] firkth dh esjs çfrukjktxh] c<+rh gqbZ fn[khA esjs “kbZ ds xqtjus ds le;] cgu ;'kks/kjk] Ng lky dh FkhA geusvius “kbZ dh {kfr ds Åij ughaa] cfYd ml c<+s gq, vuq'kklu ds Åij 'kksd euk;k] tks mldsxqtjus ds ckn ¼esjs çfr½ 'kq: gqvkA

vc esjs ifjokj ds lÒh yksx ej pqds gSa] os phuh lkE;okfn;ksa }kjk ekj fn;s x;s gSaA esjhcgu dks] ÄqlisfB;ksa ds vkxs c<+us ij] çfrjks/k djus ds dkj.k] esjs ekrk&firk dks tehankj gksus dsdkj.k ekj fn;k x;kA Äj] tgkW ls eSa p©M+h vkW[kksa ls lqUnj m|kuksa dks ns[kk djrk Fkk] xqykeksa dsfy;s 'k;ukxkjksa (dormitories) ds :i esa cny fn;k x;kA Äj ds ,d i{k esa] efgyk Jfed v©jmlds nka;s i{k esa iq#"k Jfed jgrs gSaA lÒh fookfgr gSa] v©j ;fn ifr v©j iRuh Bhd ls O;ogkjdjsa v©j fn;s gq, dke ds vius fgLls (quota) dks iwjk djas] rks os ,d g¶rs esa ,d ckj] vk/kk Ä.Vsds fy;s] ,d nwljs dks fey ldrs gSa] ftlds ckn mudh fpfdRlh; tkWp dh tkrh gSA

ijUrq] esjs cpiu ds cgqr nwj ds fnuksa esa] ;s lkjh phtsa “fo"; esa Fkha] dqN pht ftldk irkFkk fd ;g gksxh] ijUrq e`R;q dh rjg ls] tks fdlh thou dk var ughaa gS] vf/kd ughaa Fkksih tk;sxhA“fo"; oäkvksa us] okLro esa] bu ÄVukvksa dh “fo";ok.kh dh Fkh] ijUrq ge vius nSfud thou dks]“fo"; dh çfr vUtku jgrs gq,] lq[kn:i ls pyk jgs FksA

tc eSa lkr lky dh mez dk Fkk mlls Bhd igys] ml mez ij tc esjs “kbZ us vius thoudks R;kx fn;k] ,d cM+h mRlo nkor (party) gqbZ] ftlesa jktT;ksfrf"k;ksa (state astrologers) usviuh dqf.Mfy;ksa] pkVksZ dks ns[kk v©j ;s fuf'pr fd;k fd] esjk “fo"; D;k gksus okyk gS \ gjdksbZ] tks dqN “h Fkk] ogkW FkkA vusd] mUgsa vkus nsus ads fy;s] u©djksa dks Äwl nsrs gq,] fcuk cqyk;s“h vk x;sA “hM+ bruh T;knk Fkh fd] vius cgqr cM+s eSnkuksa esa] gekjs pyus fQjus ds fy;s “h]eqf'dy ls gh] dksbZ txg cph FkhA

T;ksfr"kh yksx xM+cM+k;s v©j yM+[kM+k;s] tSlkfd iqtkjh yksx] Äks"k.kk djus ds igys]çÒko'kkyh çn'kZu ds fy;s djrs gaS v©j eq>s fu"i{krk ls ;g dguk pkfg;s fd] esjs “fo"; dsloksZRÑ"V fcUnqvksa dh lgh “fo";ok.kh ds fy;s] gj nqÒkZX;'kkyh ekeyksa esa] tks mUgksaus crk;s] os,dne Bhd FksA rc mUgksaus esjs ekrk&firk dks dgk fd] eq>s ,d fpfdRlh; fÒ{kq cuus ds fy;s]

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pkdiksjh ykekeB esa çfo"V gksuk pkfg;sAesjh fujk'kk cgqr cM+h Fkh] D;ksafd esjh “kouk Fkh fd] eSa nq[kksa esa vxz.kh jgwWxkA fdlh us esjh

ughaa lquh] gkykWafd] eSa 'khÄz gh] dsoy ;s ns[kus ds fy;s fd] eSa fpfdfRldh; fÒ{kq gksus ds fy;svko';d lgu'kfä j[krk gWw] rhu fnu v©j jkr] ykekeB ds njokts ds ckgj cSBus dh] dBksjvfXuijh{kk ls xqtjus okyk FkkA eSaus og ijh{kk ikl dh] tks esjh “©frd lgu'kfä dh rqyuk esa] esjsfirk ds “; ds çfr] ,d vPNh J)ktafy FkhA pkdiksjh esa ços'k djuk ljyre pj.k FkkA gekjsfnu yEcs Fks] ,d fnu] tks vk/kh jkr ls 'kq: gksrk Fkk v©j ftlesa gesa iwjh jkr] chp&chp esa gksusokyh] v©j oSls gh iwjs fnu pyus okyh çkFkZukvksa esa] 'kkfey gksuk iM+rk Fkk] xqtkjuk ,dne dfBugksrk FkkA gesa] lkekU; '©{kf.kd phtsa] gekjs /kkfeZd dÙkZO;] vewZrÒ©frdh dh (metaphysical)nqfu;kWa ds ekeys] fpfdRlh; laxhr] D;ksafd gesa fpfdfRldh; fÒ{kq cuuk Fkk] i<+k;s x;s FksA gekjsiwohZ bykt] bl rjg ds Fks ftls fd] if'peh fpfdfRldh; fparu] vÒh “h ughaa le> ldk gSs] vÒh“h & if'peh nok fuekZrk dEifu;kW] mu 'kfä'kkyh ÄVdkas dks] tks mu tM+hcwfV;ksa esa ik;s tkrs gaS]ftudk ge mi;ksx djrs gSa] la'ysf"kr djus dk dM+k ç;Ru dj jgha gSaA vc Ñf=e:i lsç;ksx'kkyk esa rS;kj fd;k x;k] ;qxksa iqjkuk iwohZ bykt] rc bldk ,d vPNk lqUnj lk yxus okykuke gksxk v©j bls if'peh miyfC/k ds :i esa egRoiw.kZ <ax ls c[kkuk tk;sxkA méfr ,slh gh gksrhgSA

tc eSa vkB lky dh mez dk Fkk] esjk ,d vkWijs'ku fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa esjh ^rhljhvkW[k*] vrhfUæ;Kku dk fo'ks"k vax] tks vf/kdka'k euq";ksa esa erçk;% jgrk gS] D;ksafd os bldsvfLrRo dks udkj nsrs gSa] [kksyh x;h FkhA bl ^^vkW[k** ds lkFk ns[krs gq,] eSa ekuo çÒke.My esafoÒsn djus v©j vius vklikl ds yksxksa ds earO; (intention) dks le>us ds fy;s l{ke gqvkA &;s]mu yksxksa ds [kkyh 'kCnksa dks] tks vius LokFkZ ykÒ ds fy;s] nksLrh dk cgkuk djrs gSa] fQj “h]okLro esa] vius ân;ksa esa va/kgR;k j[krs gSa] lquus esa vf/kdre euksjatd yxus okyk Fkk & v©j ;sgS! çÒke.My] tks fdlh “h O;fä dk iwjk dk iwjk fpfdRlk&bfrgkl crk ldrk gSA çÒke.Myls ;s fuf'pr djrs gq, fd D;k deh gS v©j fo'ks"k fodj.kksa ds }kjk mu dfe;ksa dks foLFkkfir djrsgq,] vkneh dh fo'ks"k chekfj;ksa dk bykt fd;k tk ldrk gSA

pwafd esjs ikl] lkekU; vrhfUæ;'kfä;ksa ls vf/kd 'kfä'kkyh 'kfä;kW Fkha] eq>s vDljvarjre (inmost), nykbZykek ds egku rsgjosa vorkj }kjk] mu yksxksa dk çÒke.My ns[kus ds fy;s]tks muls ^^nksLrh esa ^ feyus vkrs Fks] cqyk;k tkrk FkkA esjs fç; f'k{kd] ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi] ,dvR;Ur l{ke vrhfUæ;Kkuh us eq>s “yhÒkWaafr çf'kf{kr fd;k FkkA mUgkasus eq>s vkdk'kh;;k=kvksa] tksvc esjs fy;s pyus ls T;knk vklku gSa] ds egkure jgL; fl[kk;sA yxÒx gjsd] dksbZ fpUrk ughaaos vius /keZ dks D;k dgrs gSa] ^^vkRek^^ ds ^^nwljs 'kjhj^^ ds vfLrRo esa fo'okl djrs gSa vFkokokLro esa] vusd ^^'kjhj^^ vFkok ^^vkoj.k^^ gksrs gSa] ijUrq mudh lgh la[;k dk ;gkW dksbZ vFkZ ughaagSA ge fo'okl djrs gSa & xks;kfd (rather)] ge tkurs gSa! & fd lkekU; “©frd 'kjhj ds cxyls ysVuk laÒo gS ¼og tks diM+ksa dk leFkZu djrk gSA½ v©j ge vkdk'kh;:i esa] bl i`Foh ds ijs“h] dgha “h] ;k=k dj ldrs gSaA

çR;sd O;fä vkdk'kh;;k=k djrk gS] os “h] tks bls iwjh rjg ^^cdokl^^ dgrs gSaA ;s mrukgh LokÒkfod gS] ftruk fd lkal ysukA vf/kdka'k yksx] tc os uhan esa gksrs gS] bldks djrs gSa v©jblfy;s tc rd fd] mUgsa çf'kf{kr ughaa fd;k x;k gks] os blds ckjs esa dqN ughaa tkursA fdrusO;fä lqcg vkufUnr gksrs gS( ^^vksg eq>s jkr dks vk'p;Ztud LoIu fn[kk] eSa veqd&veqd ds lkFkfn[kkbZ iM+kA ge lkFk&lkFk cgqr [kq'k Fks v©j mlus dgk fd] og fy[k jgh FkhA okLro esa] ;s lc

16

vÒh cgqr vfuf'pr gSA^^ v©j rc] lkekU;:i ls] dsoy dqN gh fnuksa esa] ,d i= vk igWqaprk gS]bldk Li"Vhdj.k ;g gS fd] nksuksa esa ls ,d O;fä] vkdk'kh;;k=k ls nwljs ds ikl x;k] D;ksafd osçf'kf{kr ughaa Fks] ;s ,d ^^LoIu^^ cu x;kA yxÒx gj dksbZ] vkdk'kh; ;k=k dj ldrk gSA ejusokys yksxksa ds] fdrus gh vf/kÑr ekeys gaS] tks mUgsa vyfonk dgus ds fy;s] vius fç; yksxksa dsLoIu esa vk;sA ;s fQj] ,d vkdk'kh; ;k=k gSA ejrk gqvk O;fä] nqfu;kW ds ca/kuksa ds <hys gksus dslkFk gh] xqtjrs esa] vius fe= dks vklkuh ls feyrk tkrk gSA

çf'kf{kr O;fä ysV ldrk gS v©j f'kfFky gks ldrk gS v©j vge~ (Ego) vFkok nwljs 'kjhjvFkok vkRek ds lkFk ds ca/kuksa dks f'kfFky dj ldrk gS] rqe bls tks dguk pkgks dgks] ;s ,d ghpht gSA rc] tcfd ^^jtr rUrq (silver cord)^^ ds chp dsoy ,d laca/k gS] ,d ca/ks gq, xqCckjs dhrjg ls] tks vius fljs ij ca/kk jgrk gS] nwljk 'kjhj fgy&Mqy ldrk gSA tc vki çf'kf{kr gkstkrs gSa] iwjh ltxrk ds lkFk] iwjh psruk ds lkFk] tgkW dgha “h vki lksp ldrs gSa] vki ogkW tkldrs gSaA LoIu voLFkk og gS] tc dksbZ fcuk bls tkus gq,] vkdk'kh; ;k=k djrk gS v©j tc rddksbZ çf'f{kr ughaa gS] “zfer] xM+cM+ çÒkoksa ds lkFk] okil y©Vrk gS( ogkaW ^^jtr rUrq^^ ds }kjk çkIrfd;s x;s çÒkoksa dh yxkrkj “hM+ gksrh gS] tks LoIu ns[kus okykas dks] vf/kd] v©j vf/kd] “zferdjrh gSA vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa esa rqe dgha “h tk ldrs gks] bl i`Foh dh lhekvksa ds ckgj “h] D;ksafdlw{e'kjhj lkal ughaa ysrk gS v©j u gha] ;s [kkrk gSA bldh lÒh bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ ^^jtr rUrq^^ds }kjk dh tkrh gS] tks thou Òj] bls yxkrkj “©frd 'kjhj ds lkFk tksM+s j[krk gSA

^^jtrrUrq^^ dk bZlkbZ ckbfcy esa ftØ gqvk gS% ^^jtrrUrq^^ dks dVus nks v©j ^Lof.kZedVksjs (Golden bowl)* dks “h /oLr gksus nksA^^ ^Lof.kZe dVksjk]^ v/;kfRed:i ls mér O;fä dkçÒke.My (halo) ;k flj ds pkjkas vksj dk rstkse.My (nimbus) gksrk gSA tks v/;kfRed:i lsmér ughaa gSa] mudk çÒke.My ,dne vyx jax dk gksrk gSA iqjkus tekus ds dykdkj lk/kqvksa dsfp=ksa ds pkjkas vksj lqugjs vkÒke.My dk fp=.k djrs Fks] D;ksafd dykdkj] okLro esa] muvkÒke.Myksa dks ns[k ldrs Fks] vU;Fkk mUgksaus bls fpf=r ughaa fd;k gksrkA rstkse.My] okLro esa]ekuoh; çÒke.My dk ,d cgqr NksVk “kx gksrk gS] ijUrq bls cgqr vklkuh ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSD;ksafd ;s lkekU;r%] vis{kkÑr vf/kd pedhyk gksrk gSA

;fn oSKkfud] lw{e'kjhj dh ;k=k v©j çÒk e.My ds laca/k esa 'kks/k dk;Z djsa rks mudslulukrs gq, jkWdsVksa ds ctk;] tks dbZ ckj viuh d{kkvksa esa tkus esa vlQy jgrs gSa] mUgsavkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa dh iwjh dqath fey tk;sxhA vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa ls os nwljs yksd dks ns[k ldrs gSav©j ml ;k=k dks “©frd 'kjhj ls djus ds fy;s] dSls foeku dh vko';drk gksxh] mldkvkfo"dkj dj ldrs gSaA pwWafd vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa esa ,d cM+h deh ;g gS( dksbZ “h] vius lkFk esafdlh inkFkZ lkfexzh dks ughaa ys tk ldrk gS] v©j u gha] fdlh “©frd lkexzh ds lkFk okfil y©Vldrk gSA dksbZ “h vius lkFk dsoy Kku yk ldrk gSA blfy;s & bl vfo'okl iw.kZ fo'o dksle>kus ds fy;s] oSKkfudksa dks ogkW ls uewus v©j QksVksxzkQ ykus ds fy;s] ,d tgkt dhvko';drk gksxh] D;ksafd yksx rc rd fdlh pht ds vfLrRo esa fo'okl ughaa ldrs] tc rd fdos] ;s fl) djus ds fy;s fd] dqy feyk dj ;s laÒo gks ldrh gS] mls VqdM+ksa esa rksM+ u ldasA

eSa fo'ks"k:i ls ,d ;k=k dks ;kn djrk gwW] tks fd] eSaus czãk.M esa dh FkhA ;s ,dne lR;gS] v©j tks “yh ÒkaWfr mér gSa] os bls T;ksa dk R;ksa gh le> yssaxsA nwljksa ds ckjsa esa] blls dksbZ QdZughaa iM+rkA os bls rc le>saxs] tc os v?;kfRed ifjiDork ds mPp Lrj ij igqWpsaxsA

;s ,d vuqÒo gS tks dqN o"kksZ igys] tc eSa frCcr esa jg dj pkdiksjh ykekeB esa v/;;udj jgk Fkk] gqvkA ;|fi ;s o"kksZ igys ÄfVr gqvk Fkk] bldh ;knnk'r eq> esa bruh rktk gS ekuks

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fd] ;s dy gh gqbZ FkhA esjs f'k{kd ykek feaX;ku MksaMqi] v©j mudk ftXes uke dk ,d lkFkh ykek] tks okLro esa]

esjk utnhdh fe= Fkk] v©j eSa] frCcr esa] Ygklk esa] y©g igkM+h ds Åij] pkdiksjh dh Nr ij FksAokLro esa] 'kwU; ls pkyhl fMxzh ¼lasaVhxzM½ uhps] ;g ,d BaMh jkf= FkhA tc ge phRdkj djrh gqbZBaMh Nr ij [kM+s Fks] gokvksa us gekjs fBBjrs gq, 'kjhjksa dks] gekjh iks'kkdksa dks dl dj nck;kA gokls nwj] gekjs cxy esa] gekjh eTtk (marrow) dks ,d ne tek gqvk NksM+rs gq,] mrkoyh ls gedksioZrksa ds fdukjksa dh vksj [khapus dh /kedh nsrs gq,] gekjh iks'kkdsa ,slh Qgjk jgha Fkha tSls fd]çkFkZuk /otA

vius larqyu dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s] vius 'kjhjksa dks gok ds fo#) >qdkrs gq,] geus dqNnwjh ij] Ygklk 'kgj dh /kqa/kyh jks'kfu;ksa dks ns[kk] tcfd gekjs nkabZ vksj dqN gV dj] iksVkyk dhjks'kfu;kW] bl –'; dh jgL;e;h gok esa] viuk ;ksxnku dj jgha FkhaA lÒh f[kM+fd;kW] pedrs gq,eD[ku ds nhidksa ls] tks ;|fi eksVh etcwr nhokjksa ds }kjk lqjf{kr “h Fks] gok ds vkea=.k ij] >wev©j ukp jgs Fks] lqTtftr çrhr gqbaZA rkjksa dh /kqa/kyh jks'kuh esa] iksVkyk dh Lof.kZe Nrsa] pedrhgqbZa] ijkorZu dj jgh Fkha] ekuks pUæek Lo;a gh mrj vk;k gks v©j “O; bekjrksa ds Åij] edcjksa esaviuh ijkdk"Bk ds lkFk [ksy jgk gksA

ijUrq ge dVq 'khr esa dkaWi jgs Fks] dkaWi jgs Fks v©j vfÒyk"kk djrs Fks fd] vius uhps eafnjesa ge] laqxf/kr vxjcfÙk;ksa dh gokvksa ls xeZ gksaA tSls fd ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi us] jgL;e; <ax lsbls j[kk Fkk] ge Nr ij fo'ks"k mís'; ls FksA tc Lo;a dks ioZr dh rjg fLFkj fn[kkrs gq,] og genksuksa ds chp esa [kM+s gq,] rc mUgksaus Åij dh rjQ] cgqr nwjh ij] ,d rkjs dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k &,d yky fn[kkbZ nsus okyk fo'o] & v©j dgk] ^^esjs “kb;ks] ;s bl fof'k"V ra= esa lcls iqjkuksa esa ls,d] tksjks (zhoro) rkjk gS] ,d iqjkuk cw<+k xzgA vc ;s vius yEcs thoudky ds var dh rjQ c<+jgk gSA^^

viuh ihB dks] dkVrh gqbZ gok dh rjQ djrs gq,] og gekjh rjQ eqM+s] v©j mUgksaus dgk]^^rqeus vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa ds laca/k esa dkQh v/;;u dj fy;k gSA vc ge] lkFk&lkFk] bl xzg dhvksj vkdk'kh; ;k=k djsaxsA ge vius 'kjhjksa dks] bl gok ds }kjk lQkbZ dh xbZ Nr ds Åij] ;gkWNksM+ nsaxs] v©j ge ok;qe.My ds ijs] le; ds “h ijs] Åij p<+saxsA^^

,slk dgrs gq, os Nr ds vkxs dh rjQ] tgkW Nr ds ,d fudyrs gq, NTts dh] FkksM+h lhsNk;k Fkh] pysA og ysV x;s v©j gesa vius cxy esa ysVus ds fy;s dgkA geus viuh iks'kkdksa dksvius pkjksa vksj dl dj yisV fy;k v©j gjsd us ,d nwljs dk gkFk idM+ fy;kA gekjs Åij] fiupqÒh gqbZ fNrjh gq;h jks'kfu;ksa ls “jk gqvk] xgjs cSaxuh jax dk] LoxZ dk [ktkuk Fkk] jaxhu jks'kfu;kW]D;ksafd lÒh xzgksa ds] tc mUgsa frCcr dh gok esa] lkQ jkr esa ns[kk tkrk gS] çdk'k fÒé&fÒé gksrsgSaA gekjs ikl ph[kus okyh gok Fkh ijUrq] gekjk çf'k{k.k dBksj jgk Fkk v©j ge Nr ds Åij jgusdh ughaa lksp ldrs FksA ge tkurs Fks fd] ;g dksbZ ,d lk/kkj.k vkdk'kh; ;k=k ughaa Fkh] D;ksafdcgq/kk ge vius 'kjhjksa dks] [kjkc e©leksa esa bl çdkj [kqyk ughaa NksM+rs gSaA tc 'kjhj vlqfo/kk esagks] rks vkRek] nwj v©j rsth ls ;k=k djrh gS rFkk phtksa dks v©j vf/kd foLrkj ls ;kn j[krh gSAdsoy fo'o ds vUnj gksus okyh NksVh ;k=kvksa ds fy;s] fdlh dks f'kfFky gksus v©j 'kjhj dksvkjkenk;d voLFkk esa j[kus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

esjs f'k{kd us dgk] ^^vc ge vius gkFk vkil esa idM+ ysa] v©j ,d lkFk 'kjhj ds ckgj]bl i`Foh ds ckgj fudysa] esjs lkFk jgks] ge cgqr nwj ;k=k djsaxs v©j vkt jkr dks vlkekU;vuqÒo çkIr djsaxsA^^

18

ge ihB ds cy ysVs v©j geus vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa ds fy;s eqä gksus ds fy;s] ekU; rjhds ls'olu fd;kA eSa ph[krh gqbZ gokvksa ds çfr lpsr Fkk] tks mu nwjLFk çkFkZuk /otksa ls] vk jgha Fkha]tks gekjs Åij] ixykdj ukp jgs FksA rÒh vpkud ,d >Vdk yxk v©j eSa ,dne teh gqbZ gokds maxfy;ksa ds dkVus dks] v©j vf/kd eglwl ughaa dj ldkA eSaus Lo;a dks R©jrs gq, ik;k ekuks fd]esjs 'kjhj ds Åij] le; vyx gks] lÒh 'kkar FkkA ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi] vius vkdk'kh;:i esa igysls gh lh/ks [kM+s Fks] v©j rc mUgksaus uhps ns[kk] mUgksaus esjs fe= ftXes dks “h 'kjhj NksM+rs gq, ns[kkAog v©j eSa [kM+s gq, v©j vius f'k{kd ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi ds lkFk] vkil esa tqM+us ds fy;s] dM+h(chain) cukbZA ;s dM+h ,DVksIykTe (ectoplasm)6 dgykrh gS v©j lw{e'kjhjksa ls] fopkjksa ds }kjkfufeZr gksrh gSA ;s inkFkZ ds :i esa gksrh gS] tks vkRek ds çdk'ku ds fy;s ek/;e çLrqr djrh gSA

ca/ku iwjk gqvkA ge jkr ds vkdk'k esa Åij dks mBs( eSaus ges'kk d©rwgy ls] uhps ns[kkAgekjs uhps] çokfgr gksrh gqbZ] rSjrh gqbZ] gekjh varghu jtr rarq,sa Fkha] tks thou dh vof/k esa“©frd v©j lw{e'kjhjkas dks tksMrh gSaA ge] v©j Åij dh vksj] mMrs pys x;sA i`Foh nwj gksrh xbZAge i`Foh ds if'peh fo'o ds dxkj dh vksj “snrs gq,] lw;Z ds dksjksuk (corona) dks ns[k ldrsFks( if'peh fo'o] ftlesa geus lw{e'kjhj ls bruh vf/kd ;k=k;sa dha FkhaA ge v©j Åij x;s v©jlw;Z ds çdk'k esa] nqfu;kWa ds ,d fgLls esa] egk+}hiksa v©j leqæksa dh :ijs[kk] lhek js[kk dks ns[kldsA viuh ÅWapkbZ ls i`Foh] f}rh;k ds paæek (crescent) dh rjg] ijUrq] mÙkjh; /kzqoksa ij pedrsgq,] mÙkjh çdk'k (northern lights) vFkok vkWjksjk cksfj;kfyl (Aurora borealis)7 ds lkFk] fn[kjgh FkhA

ge v©j rsth ls vkxs pyrs x;s] tc rd fd] geus çdk'k dh xfr dks ihNs ughaa NksM+fn;k D;ksafd ge] yxÒx fopkj dh xfr ls] ges'kk vkxs dh vksj c<us okys] nsgeqä vkRek FksA tSlsgh eSaus vius lkeus ns[kk] rks vius Bhd lkeus] ,d cMs+ v©j Mjkous yky xzg dks ns[kkA ge x.kukdh –f"V ls vlaÒo xfr ls] mlesa vkxs dh vksj fxjrs tk jgs FksA ;|fi] eq>s lw{e'kjhj ls ;k=kdjus dk dkQh vuqÒo Fkk] rFkkfi eq>s [krjs dh ÄaVh cthA ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi] tks lw{e'kjhj esa FksnwjkuqÒwfr ls gWals v©j mUgkasus dgk] ^^vks yksclkax] ;fn gesa ml xzg dks Vdjkuk gksrk] rks mlls urks og] v©j u gh ge] Äk;y gksrsA gesa blesa ls lh/ks fudyuk pkfg;s] blesa dksbZ ca/ku ugha gSA^^

var esa] geus Loa; dks yky xzg ds Åij rSjrk gqvk ik;k] ,d i`FkDÑr nqfu;kW( yky pêkusa]Tokjghu yky leqæ esa yky jsrA tSls gh ge bl fo'o dh lrg ij] uhps dh rjQ c<+s] geusns[kk] cMs+&cM+s dsadMs tSls vtuch çk.kh] leqæ ds ikuh dh dxkj ds lkFk] vkyL;iw.kZ <ax ls Äwejgs FksA ge ml yky pêkuh leqærV ds Åij] [kMs gq, v©j geus mlds Tokjjfgr] e`r tSlscncwnkj ikuh dks ns[kkA tSls gh geus ns[kk] xanh lrg ij vfuPNkiwoZd ygjsa mBha] v©j nqckjk ygjsamBhaA iwjh rjg gfFk;kjkas ls ltk gqvk v©j /;ku nsus ;ksX; tksM+ksa okyk] ,d vtuch çk.kh çdVgqvk] çk.kh “h yky gh FkkA og ,sls djkgk] ekuks Fkdk gqvk gks v©j ej jgk gks] v©j ml Tokjghu

6 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % çkf.kfoKku dh –f"V ls] ectoplasm , cytoplasm dh ckgjh nkusnkj Lora= irZ gksrh gS ijUrq] euksfoKku dh –f"V ls] ;s ,d ,slk inkFkZgksrk gS] ftlesa ls raæk (trance) dh voLFkk esa] ek/;e ds 'kjhj ls] ,d çdkj ds fofdj.kksa ds fudyus dh dYiuk dh tkrh gSA

7 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % tc ok;qeaMy ds pqEcdh; vkoj.k (magnetosphere) ls fudyus okys vkosf'kr d.k] iFoh ds okrkoj.k ds Åijh Òkx esa v.kqvksa ls VdjkrsgSa] rks os vfrfjä ÅtkZ dk vo'kks"k.k djrs gSa tks çdk'k ds :i esa O;ä gksrh gSA lw;Z esa yxkrkj gkbM ªkstu vkSj ghfy;e dk laxyu (fusion) gksrk jgrk gS] bldsifj.kkeLo:i çksVksuksa rFkk bysVªkWuksa dh ckSNkjsa] rsth ls varfj+{k esa gksrh jgrh gSaA d.kksa dh bu rhoz /kkjkvksa dks lkSj rwQku (solar winds) dgk tkrk gS tc ;s /kkjk,saiFoh ds ikl ls xqtjrh gSa rks iFoh dh pqEcdh; cyjs[kk,sa] bu d.kksa dks mÙkjh ,oa nf{k.kh /kqzoksa dh vksj] tgkWa ;s ÄuhÒwr (converge) gks tkrh gSa] [khap ysrh gSaAtc ;s d.k vk;uksfLQ;j (ionosphere) esa igqWaprs gSa] rks xSl ds v.kqvksa ls Vdjk dj çdk'k mRlftZr djrs gSa] ftldk jax mu xSlksa dh ç—fr ds Åij fuÒZj djrkgS] ijekf.od vkDlhtu ls mRlftZr çdk'k] gjs ls xgjs yky (greenish dark red) jax dk gksrk gSA ijekf.od ukbVªkstu ls uhyk (blue) çdk'k rFkk vkf.odukbVªkstu ls cSaxuh (purple) çdk'k mRlftZr gksrk gSA vusd nwljs jax Òh ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA ç—fr dk ;s vn~Òqr ,oa eksgd –';] mÙkjh ,oa nf{k.kh nksuks /kqzoksa ijfn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mÙkjh /kzqo ij bls vjksjk cksfj;kfyl (Aurora Borealis) vFkok mÙkjh çdk'k (northern lights) ,oa nf{k.kh /kqzo ij bls (southern lights)dgrs gSaA mÙkjh çdk'k (northern lights) flrEcj vDVwcj vkSj ekpZ vçSy eghuksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

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leqæ ds ,d fdukjs ls] yky jsr ds Åij igqprs gq,] ;s Fke x;kA gekjs fljksa ds Åij Nk;k nsrkgqvk] ,d eank lk yky lw;Z mxkA dBksj v©j “M+dhyh [kwuh yky jax dh Nk;k;saA gekjs vkl&ikldsoy [kksy okys vtuch tkuojksa dks NksM+ dj] tks tehu ij v/kejs iM+s Fks] dksbZ gypy ughaa Fkh]thou dk dksbZ fpUg ughaaA fQj “h eSa lw{e'kjhj esa FkkA tc mlus esjh vksj VdVdh yxk dj ns[kk]eSa Mj ls dkai x;kA ,d yky leqæ] ftlds Åij eyew= dk cncwnkj] yky ryNV rSj jgk Fkk]yky pêkusa] yky jsr] yky [kksy okys çk.kh v©j lcds Åij] cq>s gq, vkx ds vaxkjs dh rjg lsyky lw;Z] ,d vfXu] tks 'kwU; esa fpaxkjh nsus tSlk FkkA

ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi us dgk] ^^;s ejrk gqvk yksd gSA vc ;gkWa Äw.kZu (rotation) ughaa gSA ;s,d ejrs gq, lw;Z dk mixzg gS] tks 'khÄz gh ejus okyk gS] ;g yksd czEgkaM ds leqæ esa u"Vçk;%rSjrk gS] v©j bl çdkj ,d c©uk rkjk] fouk çdk'k ds] fcuk thou ds] gksus okyk gS] ,d c©uk(dwarf) rkjk] tks var esa fdlh nwljs rkjs ls Vdjk;sxk] v©j muls ,d nwljk yksd tUe ysxkA eSarqEgsa ;gkWa yk;k gWWw D;ksafd] vÒh “h ;gkW ,d mPpdksfV dk thou vfLrRo esa gS] ;s thou] tks ;gkW'kks/kdk;Z v©j vuqla/kku ds fy;s rFkk blh çdkj dh ÄVukvksa ds fy;s gSA viuh rjQ ns[kksA^^

og eqM+s v©j mUgksaus vius nk;sa gkFk ls] cgqr nwj dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k] v©j geus ykyvkdk'k es igWqprh gqbZa] rhu cM+h&cM+h yky ehukjsa ns[khaA mu ehukjksa dh lcls ÅWph pksVh ij] rhuLi"V pedrs gq, fØLVy xksys ped jgs Fks v©j] ihyh jks'kuh ls /kM+d jgs Fks ekuks os thfor gksaA

tSls gh ge ;gkW vk'p;Z djrs gq, [kMs gq,] jks'kfu;ksa esa ls ,d ifjofrZr gqbZA xksykas esals ,d] fo|qr&uhyh (electric blue) jks'kuh esa cny x;kA ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi us dgk] ^^vkvks] osgekjk Lokxr dj jgs gSaA gesa tehu ij mrjus nks] tgkW os “wfexr çdks"B cuk dj jg jgs gSaA^^

ge lkFk&lkFk] ml ehukj ds vk/kkj dh rjQ pys] v©j rc] tc ge <kWps ds uhps [kM+s gq,geus ns[kk fd] ogkW ,d ços'k}kj gS] tks vtuch /kkrq] tks pedrh gS] ds }kjk vR;f/kd lqjf{kr gSv©j ml yky v©j ca/;k tehu ij] igpku ds ,d fu'kku (landmark) dh rjg ls [kM+k gSA gebleas gks dj fudysa D;ksafd /kkrq] vFkok pêkusa] blesa ls dksbZ “h] lw{e'kjhj esa ca/ku ughaa gSaA geblesa ls] yacs er pêkuksa ds yky xfy;kjksa esa gks dj xqtjs v©j tc rd fd ge] pkVZ v©j uD'kksarFkk vuks[kh e'khuksa v©j midj.kksa ls fÄjs gq, ,d gkWy] ,d cgqr cMs gkWy] esa ughaa vk x;s] pyrsjgsA ogkWa chp esa ,d yach est Fkh] ftl ij] u© cgqr cw<s+ vkneh] lÒh ,d nwljs ls vyx&vyx]cSBs gq, FksA ¼muesa ls½ ,d yEck] iryk v©j uqdhys] 'kaDokdkj (conical) flj okyk FkkA fQj “h]nwljk NksVk v©j ns[kus esa cgqr Bksl FkkA blesa ls gj vkneh vyx FkkA gesa ;g Li"V Fkk fd] gjvkneh vyx&vyx xzg dk] vyx çtkfr (species) dk FkkA ekuo \ Bhd] mudks crkus ds fy;s]mudk o.kZu djus ds fy;s] 'kk;n lgh 'kCn] ekuo Ja[kyk (humanoid) gh gksxkA os lÒh ekuo FksijUrq muesa ls dqN] nwljksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ekuoh; FksA

ge lko/kku gks x;s D;ksafd] lÒh u©] gekjh fn'kk esa vkW[ksa x<+k dj ns[k jgs FksA ^^vkg]^^ ,dus nwjkuqÒwfr ls dgk] ^^vki cgqr nwj ls vk;s gq, vkxUrqd (visitors) gSaA geus ns[kk] vki ;gkW gekjs'kks/k LVs'ku ij mrj jgs gSa] v©j geus vkids Lokxr dk ç;kl fd;kA^^

^^vknj.kh; firkvks]^^ ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi us dgk] ^^ eSa vkids ikl nks dks yk;k gWw] tksykekiu (lamahood) dh voLFkk esa] Bhd vÒh] çfo"V gq, gSa v©j tks Kku dh [kkst esa fo'oluh;fo|kFkhZ gSaA^^

^^budk] okLro esa] Lokxr gS]^^ yacs vkneh us] tks ml lewgksa dk usrk yx jgk Fkk] dgkA^^ge lgk;rk djus ds fy;s] dqN “h djsaxs] tSls geus nwljksa ds lkFk] igys “h rqEgkjh lgk;rk dhFkhA^^

20

;s okLro esa] esjs fy;s ,d lekpkj Fkk D;kasfd] eq>s bl ckr dk dksbZ [;ky “h ughaa Fkk fd]esjs f'k{kd bl çdkj dh vkdk'kh; ;k=k;sa] fnO;yksdksa ds LFkkukas esa dj pqds gSaA

NksVk vkneh] esjh vksj ns[k jgk Fkk] v©j og eqLdqjk;kA mlus nwjkuqÒqfr dh lkoZÒ©fed(universal) “k"kk esa dgk] ^^u©tokuks] eSa ns[krk gwWa fd rqe] gekjs fn[kus esa varj gksus esa] egkud©rwgy dj jgs gksA^^

^^vknj.kh; firkth]^^ eSus mÙkj fn;k] dqN gn rd ml lqfo/kk ls vkrafdr] ftlds lkFkmlus esjs fopkjksa dks] os fopkj] ftUgsa eSaus fNikus dh iwjh dksf'k'k dh Fkh] idM fy;k FkkA^^ ;sokLro esa ,d rF; gS] eSaus vkids vkdkjksa dh fo"kerk v©j vkÑfr;ksa ds Åij vk'p;Z fd;k Fkk] v©jeq>s ,slk yxk fd] vki lÒh i`Foh ds vkneh ughaa gks ldrsA^^

^^rqeus Bhd gh le>k gS]^^ NksVs vkneh us dgkA ^^ge lÒh ekuo gSa] ijUrq okrkoj.k dsdkj.k] geus viuh vkÑfr;kW v©j dqN&dqN viuk dn] cny fy;s gSa ijUrq D;k rqe vius [kqn dsxzg ds Åij ;gh pht ughaa ns[k ldrs gks fd] tgkW frCcr ds ns'k esa dqN fÒ{kq gSa] ftUgsa rqe larjhdh rjg mi;ksx esa ykrs gks] lkr QqV yacs gksrs gSA fQj “h] mlh nqfu;kWa ds nwljs ns'k esa] ,sls yksx“h gSa] tks bl dn ds vk/ks gh gSa] v©j rqe mUgs fiXeh (pigmy) dgrs gksA ;s nksuksa gh ekuogSa( nksuksa gh] vkdkj esa fdlh QdZ ds ckotwn] ,d nwljs lkFk] ,d nwljs dks iSnk dj ldrs gSaA gelÒh dkcZfud v.kqvksa ds ekuo gSA ;gkW bl fo'ks"k c`ãk.M esa çR;sd pht dkcZu v©j gkbMªkstu dsvk/kkj v.kqvksa ij fuÒZj djrh gS D;ksafd ;s rqEgkjs czãk.M dks cukus okyh bZaVsa gSaA ge] ftUgkasusviuh bl usoyk (nebulae) dh fof'k"V 'kk[kk esa dkQh nwj rd “ze.k fd;k gS] tkurs gaS fd] nwljsczãk.Mksa esa vyx bZaVsa gksrh gSa( dqN flyhdksu (Silicon)] ftIle (Gypsum)8 dk] dqN nwljh phtksadk mi;ksx djrh gSa ijUrq os bl czãk.M ds yksxkas ls fÒé gksrs gS] v©j gesa nq[k ds lkFk Kkr gqvkgS fd] gekjs fopkj] lnSo] muds lkFk çseiw.kZ ughaa gksrsA^

ykek feaX;kj MkasMqi us dgk] ^^eSa bu nks u©toku ykekvksa dks ;gkWa yk;k gwaW] rkfd os] ,drkjs] ftldk iwjk okrkoj.k lekIr gks x;k gSa] v©j ftlesa mlds okrkoj.k dh laiw.kZ vkWDlhtu]/kkrqvksa ds lkFk] mUgsas tykus ds fy, tqM+ xbZ gS v©j gj pht Li'kkZrhr (impalpable) /kwy ds :iesa vodfjr (reduce) gks xbZ gSa] ds VwVus ds] e`R;q ds pj.kksa dks ns[k ldsaA**

^,slk gS]* yacs vkneh us dgkA ge bu u©tokuksa dks ;s bafxr djuk pkgsaxs fd] gj pht tksiSnk gqbZ gSa lks ejsxh vo';A gj pht dsoy vius fu;r dky rd ftank jgrh gSa] v©j ;s thoudky] thou ds ek=dksa dh la[;k gksrh gSA gj thfor çk.kh esa thou dk ek=d] ml çk.kh ds fnydh ,d /kM+du] ds cjkcj gksrk gSA ,d xzg dk thou 2]70]00]00]000 /kM+duksa ds cjkcj gksrk gSAblds ckn xzg ejrk gSa] ijarq ,d xzg dh e`R;q gksus ds ckn] nwljs xzg mRié gksrs gSaA ,d vkneh“h] 2]70]00]00]000 /kM+duksa rd ftank jgrk gSa] v©j blh çdkj lcls uhph Js.kh dk dhV “hA ,ddhV tks dsoy 24 ÄaVs rd ftank jgrk gSa] mrus chp esa 2]70]00]00]000 /kM+dusa th ysrk gSA xzgksaesa& ;gkWa okLro esa] FkksM+k lk cnyko gks ldrk gS] ijarq ,d xzg 27]000 o"kksaZ esa ,d /kM+du iwjhdjrk gS] v©j mlds ckn] mlesa] tc og vxyh /kM+du ds fy, rS;kj gksdj Lo;a dks fgykrk gS]mlds fo'o esa] [kyoyh gksrh gSA lÒh thouksa dh] rc] os dgrs x;s] vof/k ,d leku gksrh gS] ijarqdqN çk.kh] nwljksa ls vyx njkas ij] thfor jgrs gSaA i`Foh ds Åij ds çk.kh] gkFkh] dNqvk] phaVh v©jdqÙkk] ;s lÒh /kM+duksa dh leku la[;k thrs gSa] ijarq mu lcdh ân; dh /kM+du] vyx&vyxxfr;ksa ls gksrh gS] v©j bl çdkj os yacs le; rd] ;k FkksM+s le; rd] thfor jgrs gSaA*

ftXes v©j eSaus bls vR;f/kd lEeksfgr djus okyk ik;k] v©j gesa bldk bruk vf/kd

8 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ;gkWa ftIle ls ys[kd dk vk'k; dSfY'k;e rRo ls gSA

21

Li"Vhdj.k fn;k ax;k fd] gesa viuh ekr`Òwfe frCcr fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA geus iksVkyk esa dNq, dslaca/k esa] tks fd cgqr vPNs yacs le; rd ftank jgrk gS] yacs o"kksaZ rd ftank jgrk gS] v©j dhVksa dsckjs esa] tks xehZ dh ,d 'kke rd gh ftank jg ikrs gSa] lquk FkkA vc gesa mudk –f"Vdks.k] mudsrsth ls /kM+drs gq, ân; ds lkFk] tYnh ls le> esa vkus yxkA

cksuk vkneh] tks gesa viuh rjQ ns[krk gqvk yx jgk Fkk] dkQh gn rd vuqeksfnr djrsgq, mlus dgk] ^^gkWa dsoy bruk gh ughaa fd] vusd çk.kh] 'kjhj ds fofÒé dk;ksZa dks fu:fir djrsgSaA xk;] mnkgj.k ds fy,] tSlk dksbZ ns[k ldrk gSa] ek= pyrh fQjrh Lru dh xzafFk;kWa gSa] ftjkQxnZu gSa] dqÙkk& Bhd] çR;sd tkurk gS fd] dqÙkk ges'kk D;k lksprk gS& [kcjksa ds fy,] ges'kk gokls gkWaQrk jgrk gS D;ksafd] mldh utj detksj gksrh gS& blhfy, dqÙks dks ukd ds :i esa le>ktk ldrk gSA nwljs çk.kh “h] viuh 'kjhj jpuk ds vuqlkj] fofÒé vaxks ds çfr blh çdkj dktqM+ko j[krs gSa] phaVh [kkus okys nf{k.k vesfjdk ds yksx] thÒ ds :i esa ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA

tSlk dksbZ vkdk'kh; ;k=k esa djrk gS] dqN le; ds fy, geus] vusd ubZ&ubZ phtksa dkslh[krs gq,] fopkj dh xfr ls lh[krs gq,] nwjkuqÒwfr ls ckrsa dhaA rc var esa] ykek feaX;kj MkasMqi us[kM+s gksrs gq, dgk fd] vc ;s pyus dk le; gSA

tc ge iksVkyk dh lqugjh Nrksa ds Åij y©Vs] gekjs uhps lw;Z dh dksgjs okyh /kwi pedjgh FkhA gekjs 'kjhj “kjh v©j dBksj Fks] vius vk/ks tes gq, tksM+kas ds dkj.k] dke djus esa dfBukbZvk jgh FkhA ^^v©j bl çdkj]** geus lkspk] tc geus vius iSjksa ij Bksdj [kkbZ] ^^,d v©jvuqÒo] ,d v©j ;k=k lekIr gqbZA vc vkxs D;k \**

,d foKku] ftlesa ge frCcfr;ksa dh fo'ks"kKrk gS] tM+hcwfV;ksa ls LoLFk djuk FkkA ges'kk lsvÒh rd] frCcr fonsf'k;ksa ls cpk jgk gS] v©j gekjs çk.kh txr v©j ouLifr txr dksfonsf'k;ksa }kjk [kkstk ughaa x;k gSA ÅWaps iBkjksa ds Åij] vusd i©/ks mxrs gSaA D;wjkjs (Curare)9]v©j vÒh ^^rktk [kkstk x;k** esldkfyu (mescalin)10] mnkgj.k ds fy,] frCcr esa 'krkfCn;ksa igysKkr FksA ge if'peh fo'o dh vusd O;kf/k;ksa dk bykt dj ldrs Fks] ijarq igys if'peh fo'o dsyksxksa dks] FkksM+k vf/kd] fo'okl djuk iM+sxkA ijarq] vf/kdka'k if'peh ns'kksa ds fuoklh] ,d rjg lsikxy gSa] blfy, D;ksa fpark djsaA

gj o"kZ gekjs ny] ftUgksaus vius v/;;u esa vPNk fd;k gS] tM+hcwfV;kWa bdÎh djus dsvfÒ;ku esa tkrs FksA i©/ks v©j ijkx] tM+sa v©j cht] lko/kkuhiwoZd ,df=r fd;s tkrs] mudks laÒkyktkrk v©j mUgsa ;kd dh [kky ls cus gq, cksjksa esa “aMkfjr fd;k tkrk FkkA eq>s ;s dke vPNk yxrkFkk v©j eSaus bls “yhÒkafr lh[kkA vc eSa le>rk gwaW fd] tM+hcwfV;kWa] ftUgsa eSa vPNh rjg tkurkgwWa] ;gkWa çkIr ughaa dh tk ldrha gSaA

var esa eq>s laf{kIr e`R;q ds ml mRlo dks Lohdkj djus ds fy;s Bhd le>k x;k] ftldsckjs esa eSaus ^rhljh vkaW[k* esa fy[kk gSA fo'ks"k jLeks&fjokt ls eq>s iksVkyk ds dkQh uhps] fuLian ckr(cataleptic)11 dh eR;q dh voLFkk esa j[kk x;k] v©j eSus] vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa (akashic records)ds lkFk “wrdky esa ;k=k dhA eSa i`Foh ds ns'kksa dks “h x;kA ijarq] rc eq>s tSlk yxk] oSlk eSa fy[kjgk gwWA

thoar pêkuksa ds chp] cQZ lh teh pêkuksa ds lSdM+kas QqV uhps] xfy;kjksa esa lhyu FkhALo;a dczksa ds va/kdkj ds dkj.k lhyu v©j va/ksjkA eSa bldh yackbZ esa rSjrk gqvk c<+rk x;k] tSls

9 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % D;wjkjs] ,d dkyk lk jky tSlk inkFkZ gksrk gS] ftls fo'ks"k:i ls S Toxifera v©j upareira dh ewy ls fudkyk tkrk gSA bls nf{k.khbafM;u vesfjdu yksxksa }kjk tgj ds :i esa rFkk euksoSKkfud ç;ksxksa ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA

10 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % esldkfyu] ,d u'khyh nok gSA11 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % raæk tSlh fLFfr] ftlesa ,sfPNd fØz;k,sa vkSj mÙkstdksa ds çfr çfrfØ;k;sa lekIr gks tkrha gSaA

22

fd dkfyek eas /kqavk] v©j dkysiu ls c<+rh gqbZ igpku ds lkFk] eSaus igys lM+rh gqbZa ouLifr;ksa] tkspêkuksa dh nhokjksa ls fpidha gqbZa Fkha] dh gjs jax dh LQqjnhfIr (phosphorescence) dksvLi"V:i ls ns[kkA ;nk&dnk] tgkWa ouLifr vf/kdka'kr% l`tukRed Fkh v©j çdk'k dkQh pednkjFkk] eSa lksus dh ihyh pedrh gqbZ /kkjh dks] tks pêkuh lqjaxkas esa yackbZ ds lkFk&lkFk] n©M+ jgh Fkh]idM+ ldkA

eSa le; dh psruk ds fcuk] fdlh “h fopkj ds fcuk] /ofujfgr :i ls vkxs rSjrk jgk]flok; blds fd] eSa i`Foh ds vanj] v©jvanj “kx esa] vkxs] v©jvkxs tkÅWa D;ksafd] ;g fnu] tks esjsfy, {kf.kd Fkk] og ,d fnu Fkk] tc eSa] rhu fnu rd lw{e'kjhj esa jgus ds ckn y©V jgk FkkAle; xqtjk v©j eSaus vius vkidks] dkfyek ds lkFk] ,d dkfyek] tks vkokt iSnk djrh gqbZfn[krh Fkh] ,d dkfyek] tks daiu djrh gqbZ fn[krh Fkh] xqIr çdks"B esa xgjk] v©jxgjk] c<+rs gq,ik;kA

viuhs dYiuk esa] eSa vius Åij ds fo'o dk] ml fo'o dk] ftlesa eSa vc y©V jgk Fkk] fp=cuk ldrk FkkA eSa mu –';ksa dks] tks fd Äus va/kdkj ds dkj.k fNis gq, Fks] ns[k ldkA eafnj esalqxaf/kr /kqa, ds cknyksa dh rjg ls gok esa larqfyr gksdj] eSaus çrh{kk dhA

/khes&/khes] bruk /khes fd] ;s dqN ,slk le; Fkk] ftls eSa ughaa le> ldk] uhps xfy;kjsesa ,d vkokt vkbZ] ijarq /khes&/khes rhozrk Qwyrh v©j c<+rh xbZ] eafnjkas dh vkokt] pkanh dhÄafV;ksa dh vkokt v©j iSjksa ds] peM+s ls <ds gksus ds dkj.k] nch gqbZ gl&gl dh vkokt vkbZA varesa] dkQh yacs var esa] lqjaxksa dh nhokjksa ds lkFk fgyrh gqbZ] pedrh gqbZ] ,d “;kud jks'kuh çdVgqbZA /ofu vc rst gksrh tk jgh Fkh] eSaus çrh{kk dhA

/khes&/khes] vksg! bruk /khes] bruk nq[knk;h /khes ls] fgyrh gqbZ vkÑfr;kWa lko/kkuhiwoZdlqjaxksa es jsaxrh gqbZa] esjh rjQ vkbZaA tSls gh os esjs lehi vkbZa] eSaus ns[kk fd os] Åij ds eafnj dh]gok esa tyrh gqbZa] vewY; e'kkyksa dks Åij mBk;s gq,] ihyh iks'kkd okys fÒ{kq FksA e'kkysa] ftuesafojyh jktu dh ydfM+;kWa yxh Fkha v©j lkFk esa vxjcfÙk;kaW ca/kh gqbZ FkhaA ,d pedhyh] /kqa/kyhped] jks'kuh gqbZ v©j blus ouLifr ds vf/kd ek=k esa lM+us dh xa/k dks ogk nsus okyh v©j lqUnjgok dh b= dh xa/k dks vknj.kh; cuk fn;kA

/khes ls iqtkfj;ksa us] tehu ds uhps ds çdks"B esa ços'k fd;kA ços'k}kj ds lehi v©j pêkuhnjkjksa dks VVksyrs gq,] nks çR;sd nhokj dh rjQ pysA rc] ,d ds ckn ,d] fVefVekrs gq, eD[kuds nhidkas esa tku meM+hA vc çdks"B vf/kd çdk'keku Fkk v©j pwafd eSaus rhu fnu ls dqN ughaans[kk Fkk] eSa ,d ckj fQj viuh vksj ns[k ldrk FkkA

iqtkjh esjs pkjksa rjQ [kM+s gq,] v©j mUgksaus esjh rjQ ughaa ns[kk] os çdks"B ds dsUæ ijfVdrs gq,] iRFkj dh ,d dcz ds ikl [kM+s gq,A tki djus v©j pkanh dh ÄafV;ksa dh ctus dhvkokt “h] fujarj c<+rh x;hA var esa] ,d c`) vkneh ds }kjk fn;s x;s ladsr ij] N% fÒ{kq #ds]v©j mUgksaus gkWaQrs v©j djkgrs gq,] dQu ds <ôu dks mBk;kA tc eSaus uhps ns[kk] rks eSaus viuh[kqn dh yk'k dks ns[kk] ,d 'kjhj tks ykekoxZ ds iqtkfj;ksa dh iks'kkd esa yisVk x;k FkkA vc fÒ{kqvf/kd ÅaWph vkokt esa tki dj jgs Fks v©j xk jgs Fks( ^^vksg i`Foh ds psgjs ds Åij Äwerh gqbZ]vkxarqd ykek dh vkRek] rhljs fnu ;gkWa okil y©VksA rhljk fnu vk pqdk gS v©j yxÒx xqtjpqdk gS] igyh vxjcÙkh ml Äweus okyh ykek dh vkRek dks ;kn fnykus ds fy, tykbZ tkrh gSA**

,d fÒ{kq] lkeus [kM+k gqvk v©j mlus jax esa yky v©j ehBh lqxa/k okyh vxjcÙkh tykbZ]mlus cDls esa ls nwljh fudkyh v©j iqtkfj;ksa us tik(

^^vksg Äweus okys ykek dh vkRek] tYnh djrs gq,] y©V dj okil gekjs ikl vkvks D;ksafd]

23

rqEgkjs txus dk le; ikl vk x;k gSA nwljh vxjcÙkh] rqEgkjh okilh es rsth ykus ds fy;s tykbZtkrh gSA**

tSls gh vdsys fÒ{kq us fMCcs esa ls ,d vxjcÙkh fudkyh] iqtkjh us tik(^^vksg Äweus okys ykek dh vkRek] ge rqEgkjs ikfFkZo 'kjhj esa] fQj ls tku Mkyus dh v©j

mls iksf"kr djus dh çrh{kk dj jgs gSaA rqe vius jkLrs ij tYnh djks D;ksafd le; de gSa v©jrqEgkjh okilh ds lkFk] rqEgkjh f'k{kk esa ,d v©j Js.kh] tks rqeus mÙkh.kZ dh gS] tqM+ tk;sxhA rhljhvxjcÙkh] ml okilh ds cqykos ds fy, tykbZ tkrh gSA**

tc /kqavk vkyliw.kZ rjhds ls] esjs lw{e'kjhj dks Äsjrs gq,] Åij dh rjQ ÄqeM+k;k] eSa “; lsdkaWi x;kA eSa] ekuks v–'; gkFkksa eas Fkk] tks eq>s [khap jgs Fks] ekuks thoujfgr 'kjhj esa] ml BaM esa]eq>s ck/; djrs gq,] eq>s yisVrs gq,] gkFk uhps dh vksj [khaprs gq,] esjh jtrrarq dks [khap jgs FksAeSaus e`R;q dh BaMd dks eglwl fd;k] eSaus viuh “qtkvksa es daidih eglwl dh] eSaus viuh lw{e–f"V dks ean gksrs gq, ns[kk v©j rc rsth ls yh xbZ lkal us esjs 'kjhj dks rM+dk fn;k] tksvfu;af=r:i ls Äcjk jgk FkkA mPp iqtkjh] ml iRFkj dh dcz esa uhps >qds] v©j esjs da/kksa dks] esjsflj dks mBk;k v©j esjs dl dj fÒaps gq, tcM+ksa esa dksbZ dM+oh pht Äqlk nhA ^vkg!* eSaus lkspk]fQj ls mlh rax 'kjhj esa okil] ml rax 'kjhj esa okilA

,slk yxk] ekuks esjh f'kjkvksa esa gksdj] f'kjk,sa tks rhu fnu ls fuf"Ø; gqbZa iM+ha Fkha] vkx eq>svfÒ'kIr dj jgh gSA /khes ls] ljyrk ls] iqtkfj;ksa us] eq>s lgkjk nsrs gq,] eq>s mBkrs gq,] eq>s viusiSjksa ij [kM+k djrs gq,] iRFkj ds çdks"B esa vklikl Vgykrs gq,] esjs lkeus ÄqVuksa ds cy cSBs gq,]esjs pj.kksa es n.Mor djrs gq,] vius ea=ks dks mPpkfjr djrs gq,] viuh çkFkZukvksa dks dgrs gq, v©jviuh vxjcfÙk;ksa dks tykrs gq,] eq>s dcz esa ls fudkykA mUgksaus cyiwoZd] esjs vanj vkgkj Äqlk;k]eq>s /kks;k v©j lq[kk;k] v©j esjh iks'kkdas cnyhaA

'kjhj esa psruk okil vkus ds lkFk] bUgh dkj.kksa ls esjs fopkj] okil fiNys rhu fnuksa esasÄweus yxs] tcfd blh çdkj dh ÄVuk igys gks pqdh FkhA rc eq>s iRFkj ds blh dQu esa fyVk;kx;k FkkA ,d&,d djds ykekvksa us eq>s ns[kk FkkA rc mUgkasus bl iRFkj ds dQu ds Åij <ddj j[kk Fkk v©j vxjcfÙk;kaW cq>kbaZ FkhaA ,d&,d djds] viuh jks'kfu;ksa dks vius lkFk fy, gq,]tc fd eSa ;s tkurs gq, “h fd] vkxs D;k gksus okyk gS Mjk gqvk] ml iRFkj dh dcz esa FkksM+k lkMjk gqvk] vius çf'k{k.k ds ckotwn “h Mjk gqvk Fkk] os bl iRFkj ds xfy;kjs ls Åij pys x;s FksAeSa yacs le; rd e©r dh [kkeks'kh esa] va/ksjs esa jgk FkkA [kkeks'kh \ ughaa] D;ksafd esjs –f"Vdks.kçf'kf{kr fd, tk pqds Fks v©j os brus lw{e Fks fd eSa] thou ds ÄVus dks v©j mudh lkal ysus dkslqu ldrk Fkk] tSls&tSls os nwj gksrs x,] eSa vkoktksa dks lqu ldrk FkkA eSa muds dneksa dhvkoktksa dks] tks eanh] v©jeanh gksrh tk jgh Fkha] v©j rc va/kdkj dh 'kkafr] fLFkjrk v©j fjärk dkslqu ldrk FkkA

e`R;q Lo;a blls vf/kd [kjkc ughaa gks ldrh] eSaus lkspkA eSa ysVus ij] tSls&tSls] BaMk v©jBaMk gksrk tk jgk Fkk] le; vuar:i ls jsax jgk FkkA vpkud] tSls lqugjh Tokyk esa] fo'o esafoLQksV gqvk] v©j eSa 'kjhj dh lhekvksa ds ckgj fudy x;k] v©j eSaus ml tehu ds uhps ds çdks"Bdh] iRFkj dh dcz dh] dkfyek dks NksM+ fn;kA egklkxjksa ls cgqr Åij] Åijh xxupqach fgeky;dh tehu] v©j 'kq) BaMh gok esa] cQZ ls cuh gqbZ tehu] v©j cgqr nwj] i`Foh ds fljksa ls “h nwj]fopkjksa dh xfr ls] eSaus viuk jkLrk] cyiwoZd] tehu ds chp ls cuk;kA bZFkjh çsrkRek dh rjg lsvkdk'k esa] lw{e'kjhj esa] bl i`Foh ds LFkkuksa v©j jktegyksa dks ns[krs gq,] nwljksa dks ns[krs gq,f'k{kk çkIr djrs gq,] eSa vdsyk Äwerk jgkA cgqr vPNh rjg xqIr] rg[kkus “h esjs fy, lhy can

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ughaa Fks] D;ksafd eSa nqfu;kWa ds ea=.kk çdks"Bkas esa] fopkj dh “kafr ços'k djus ds fy, eqä FkkA yxkrkjifj–'; esa] lÒh ns'kksa ds usrk yksx] esjs lkeus ls xqtjsA muds fopkj esjh tkWaprh gqbZ vkWa[kksa dslkeus uaxs FksA

^^v©j vc]** esjs iSjksa dks ykekvksa }kjk] lgkjk fn, tkrs gq,] Bksdj [kk dj] yM+[kM+kdj]pôj ls vkdazkr gksdj eSaus lkspk] ^^ vc] tks eSaus ns[kk] tks eSaus vuqÒo fd;k gS] eq>s ;s lc crkukgS] v©j rc \ 'kk;n] 'khÄz gh eq>s bl çdkj ds nwljs vuqÒo esa gks dj xqtjus dk volj feysxkAmlds ckn] “fo";dFku esa dgh gqbZ ijs'kkfu;ksa dks >syus ds fy;s] eq>s if'peh ns'kksa dh ;k=kvksa ijtkuk iM+sxkA**

vius i{k eas vf/kd çf'k{k.k] v©j vR;f/kd ijs'kkfu;ksa ds “h lkFk] v©jvf/kd çf'k{k.k]v©jvf/kd ijs'kkfu;ksa ds fy;s] eSa frCcr ls viuh ;k=k ij fudykA fgeky; dks ikj djus ls igys]tSls gh eSaus eqM +dj ihNs ns[kk] eSaus lw;Z dh çkjafÒd fdj.kksa dks] ioZr Ja[kykvksa ls >kWadrs gq,]ifo= Òouksa dh lqugjh Nrkssa dks Nwrs gq,] v©j mudks lkal ysus esa gksus okys vkuan] ds –';ksa esacnyrs gq, ns[kkA Ygklk dh ÄkVh] vÒh “h uhan esa lksbZ gqbZ yxh] v©j çkFkZuk/ot “h] vius MaMkas ijvkyL;iw.kZ <ax ls] muhans ls fgyrs gq, çrhr gq,A tc eSa pqaxfdax dh rjQ eqM+k] eSa fdlh rjgeqf'dy ls gh] ikjxks dfyax (Pargo kaling) ds ikl] ;kd ds ,d dkfQys dks] O;kikfj;ksa dks] eq>tSls tYnh txus okykas dks] “kjr dh vksj ;k=k 'kq: djus okyksa dks] ns[k ldrk FkkA

ge] phu ls pk; dh bZaVsa ykus okys] pk; tks Rlaik ds lkFk] frCcfr;ksa dss }kjk [kk;s tkusokys lg;ksxh [kk|ksasa esa ls ,d gS] frCcr esa pk; ykus okys] O;kikfj;ksa }kjk jksans x;s jkLrs ij pydj] ioZr Ja[kykvksa ds Åij x;sA 1927] ;g og le; Fkk] tc geus Ygklk dks NksM+k v©j czãiq=unh ds fdukjs] ,d NksVs 'kgj pksrkax dh rjQ viuk #[k fd;kA mlds ckn] ge fupys LFkkuksa esadkafrax rd uhps x;s] ouLifr;ksa ls “jh ÄkfV;ksa esa] Äus taxyksa esa gksdj] lkal ysus esa rdyhQmBkrs gq,] vkxs c<rs x;sA ge lÒh dsoy iUæg gtkj QqV ;k mlls vf/kd ÅWpkbZ esa lkal ysus dsvH;Lr FksA fupys LFkku] gekjs QsaQMkas ij ncko cukrs gq,] gesa ;g eglwl djkrs gq, fd] ge gokesa Mwc jgs gSa] vius Äus okrkoj.k ds dkj.k] ge ij v©j gekjh vkRekvksa ij nokc cuk jgs FksA gefnu&çfrfnu] vkxs pyrs x;s] tc rd fd ,d gtkj ;k mlls vf/kd ehy nwjh rd igWqpus dsckn] pqxfdax ds phuh 'kgj ds ckgjh fgLls esa ughaa igWqpsA

jkr dks lkFk&lkFk viuk f'kfoj cukrs gq,] gekjh viuh jkr] D;ksafd lqcg esjs lkFkh yksxviuh okilh ;k=k ij] vius fç; Ygklk ds fy;s ;k=k 'k: dj nsxsa] ge ,d lkFk f'kfoj esa jgs]geus nq%[k ds lkFk ckrsa dhaA blus dkQh gn rd] eq>s ijs'kku fd;k fd] eq>s cpkus okys esjs lkFkhyksx] eq>s igys ls gh ,slk le> jgs Fks] ekuks fd] eSa bl nqfu;kWa ds fy;s ejk gqvk vkneh gWw] ,dvkneh tks fupys LFkku ds 'kgjksa esa jgrk gqvk fuanuh; fLFkfr esa gksA v©j blfy;s lqcg eSa pqaxfdaxds fo'ofo|ky; esa x;k] ,d fo'ofo|ky;] tgkW yxÒx lÒh çk/;kkid] LVkWQ ds yxÒx lÒhlnL;] fo|+kfFkZ;ksa dh lQyrk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s] dM+k ifjJe dj jgs Fks] gj laÒo rjhds lsenn dj jgs Fks] v©j dsoy ,d vR;ar vYila[;d (minority) leqnk;] fu"Bqj vFkok vlg;ksxhFkk] vFkok vKkr vuqÒwfr ls ihfM+r FkkA

pqaxfdaax esa] eSus ,d 'kY;fpfdRld v©j MkWDVj gksus ds fy;s v/;;u fd;kA eSaus ok;qlsuk esafoeku pkyd gksus ds fy;s “h] v/;;u fd;k] D;ksafd esjs thou dk [kkdk igys ls gh cuk fn;kx;k Fkk] vius lw{ere foLrkj esa igys ls gh dg fn;k x;k Fkk] v©j eSa bls tkurk Fkk fd] ;s fl+)gksus okyk ekeyk gS] eSa ckn esa gok esa v©j fpfdRlk esa cgqr dqN d:xkWaA ijUrq] paqxfdax esa vÒhvkus okys ;q) dh ek= lqcoqxkgV Fkh] v©j fnu çfrfnu] viuh lkekU; çlérk dk vkuan ysrs gq,

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v©j vius lkekU; dk;ksaZ dks djrs gq,] blesa vf/kdka'k yksx] iqjkus v©j u;s 'kgj] tqM x;sAÒ©frd:i ls] cM+s 'kgjkas ds fy;s] ;s esjh igyh ;k=k FkhA okLro esa] Ygklk ds ckgj fdlh

nwljs 'kgj ds fy;s] esjh igyh ;k=k( ;|fi eSa] lw{e'kjhj esa nqfu;kWa ds vf/kdka'k cM+s 'kgjksa esa Äwepqdk Fkk] tSlk fd dksbZ “h dj ldrk gS] ;fn og vH;kl djs D;ksafd] blesa dksbZ dfBukbZ ughaa gS]lw{e'kjhj ds laca/k esa dqN “h tknqbZ ughaa gSA ;g Vgyus ds leku vklku gS] ,d lkbZdy ij p<+usdh rqyuk esa vf/kd vklku] D;ksafd lkbZdy dks] fdlh dks larqfyr djuk iMrk gS( vkdk'kh; ;k=kesa fdlh dks viuh dqy {kerkvksa dk mi;ksx djuk gksrk gS] mu {kerkvksa dk] ftu ij gekjk ^tUefl) vf/kdkj* feyk gksrk gSA

tc eSa pqxfdax ds fo'ofo|ky; esa i<+ gh jgk Fkk eq>s Ygklk eas okil cqyk;k x;k D;kasfdrsjgosa nykbZ ykek] ejus okys FksA eSa ogkW igaWqpk v©j eSaaus lÒh jLeks&fjokt esa “kx fy;k] tks mudhe`R;q ds ckn gq,] v©j rc Ygklk eas fofÒé dk;ksaZ dks fuiVkrs gq, eSa Ygklk ls okil y©VkA loksZPpeBk/kh'k rkbZ 'kw (T'ai Shu) ds lkFk] ckn ds lk{kkRdkj esa] eq>s phuh ok;qlsuk esa LFkk;h fu;qfä(commision) Lohdkj djus v©j 'kaÄkbZ] ,d LFkku ftls esSa tkurk Fkk] tkus ds fy;s] Qqlyk;kx;k] tgkW eq>s tkuk iM+k ;|fi] ogkWa esjs fy;s fdlh çdkj dk vkd"Zk.k ughaa FkkA blfy;s ,d fQjeq>s] lewy m[kkM fn;k x;k v©j eaSus nwljs Äj dh vksj viuk jkLrk fy;kA ;gkaW 7 tqykbZ 1947dks] tkikfu;ksa us ekdksZiksykss iqy (Marcopolo Bridge)12 ds Åij ,d ÄVuk dks vatke fn;kA ;sokLro eas] phu v©j tkiku ds chp] ;q) çkajÒ gksus dk okLrfod eqík Fkk v©j blus gekjh phtkas dksokLro esa] v©j vf/kd eqf'dy cuk fn;kA eq>s vius vR;f/kd ykÒçn] 'kaÄkbZ esa fpfdRlk vH;kldks] NksM+ nsuk iM+k v©j Lo;a dks dqN le; ds fy;s] 'kaÄkbZ uxj ifj"kn dh bPNk ij NksM+ nsukiM+k] ijUrq blds ckn eSaus viuk iwjk le;] phuh lsuk ds fy;s] d#.kk mM+kuksa ij yxk;kA eSa v©jnwljs yksx mu LFkkuksa ds fy;s mMs+] tgkW 'kY;fØ;k dh vR;f/kd vko';drk FkhA ge iqjkus foeku12 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ekdksZiksyks lsrq ( Morco Polo Bridge) dh ÄVuk] ftls yksxkÅ lsrq ( Logou Bridge) dh ÄVuk vFkok 7 tqykbZ dh ÄVuk Òh dgrs gSa]

okLro esa phuh ljdkj dh Økafrdkjh lsuk ( The Republic of China's National revolutionary Army) vkSj tkiku dh 'kkgh lsuk ( ImperialJapanese Army) ds chp ;q) Fkk] tks nwljs phuh&tkikuh ;q) ( second Sine-Cinese war) ¼1937 ls 1945½ ds dkj.kksa esa ls ,d cukA ekdksZiksyks lsrq 11esgjkcksas okyk xzsukbZV dk ,d lsrq gSA 1931 esa eapwfj;k ds vfrØe.k ds ckn ls gh] tkiku ds 'kkld vkSj phu ds 'kklu ra= ds chp ruko c<+ x;k Fkk] rFkkfi 1932 dsvar rd] tkikuh QkSt us jsgs vFkok tsgksy ( Rehe or jehol) jkT; dks vfrØfer fd;k vkSj 1933 essa mls vius dBiqryh jkT; eapwdqvks esasa feyk fy;kA

7 flrEcj 1901 dks cksDlj çksVksdky (Boxer protocol) ds varxZr] phu us mu lÒh jk"Vªksa dks] ftuds nwrkokl chftax esa Fks] chftax&frvkaftu( Beijing-Tianjin) jsy iFk ds 12 fof'k"V LFkkuksa ij] vius lqj{kk xkMZ rSukr djus ds vf/kdkj ns fn;s FksA 15 tqykbZ 1902 ds vuqiwjd le>ksrs esa ;g vf/kdkjjkt/kkuh vkSj canjxkg ds chp] [kqyk laçs"k.k (communication) miyC/k djkus ds fy;s FksA bu cyksa dks phu dh ljdkj dks lwfpr fd;s fcuk] dk;Zpkgh djus dhNwV FkhA tkiku us] tqykbZ 1937 rd] jsy ekxZ ij phu esa rSukr viuh QkSt dks 7000&15000 rd c<+k fy;k FkkA tkiku dk ;s eky vlckc vkSj lSU;'kfä] vU;;wjksih; rkdrksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr vf/kd FkhA bl le; rd] tkiku dh 'kkgh lsuk us igys ls gh] chftax vkSj frvkaftu ds vklikl] geys dh rS;kfj;kWa 'kq: dj nhaFkhaA tkikuh dekaMj cgkuk [kkstus dh fQjkd esa FksA 7 tqykbZ dh jkr dks] QsaxrkbZ (communication) esa tkikuh lsuk us lSU; vH;kl djus ds Øe esa] phuh lhekdks ikj fd;kA tkikuh lsuk us vkSj okufiax (communication) 'kgj] tks chftax ls 10 ehy nwj] nf{k.k&if'pe esa pkjnhokjh ls fÄjk gqvk Fkk] esa rSukr phuh lsuk usfdlh vKkr dkj.k ls vpkud gh xksysckjh 'kq: dj nhA bl chp] tkikfu;ksa dk ,d lSfud xk;c gks x;k Fkk] tkikfu;ksa us mls <w<us ds fy;s phuh lsuk ls vuqefrekxh] ftldks phuh lsuk us euk dj fn;kA ckn esa nsj jkr] tkikuh lsuk us okufiax dh lqj{kk nhokj dks rksM+ dj] 'kgj esa Äqlus dk ç;kl fd;k ftls phuh lsuk }kjkfoQy dj fn;k x;kA

8 tqykbZ dks] çkr% 2 cts] phu dh lsuk ds dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh us] tks çÒkjh dek.Mj Òh Fkk] okufiax ds es;j] okaxysaxft;kbZ dks] tkikuh f'kfoj esackrphr (communication) djus ds fy,] vdsyk gh ÒstkA ;|fi ;s fujFkZd fl) gqvk vkSj tkikfu;ksa us bl ij cy fn;k fd] mUgsa 'kgj esa ÄVuk dh tkap djusds fy, tkus fn;k tk,A lqcg 4 cts ds djhc] nksuksa rjQ ls QkStsa bdëk gksuk 'kq: gks xbZaA phfu;ksa us Òh vius ,d fMohtu dks ml {ks= esas rSukr dj fn;kAyxÒx ,d ÄaVs ckn] tkikuh lsuk us xksyhckth djuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj ekdksZiksyks fczt] ¼tks ckaufiax ds nf{k.k&if'pe esa 690 QqV yack ,d iqy gS] ftlds lkFk jsydk iqy Òh gS½] ds Åij geyk dj fn;kA yxÒx 4%45 ij es;j okuysxftkbZ] ckufiax eas okil ykSVs vkSj mUgksaus tkikuh lsukvksa ds tek gksus dh lwpuk nhA ikap feuVesa xksys nkx fn;s x;s] vkSj chftax vkSj frvkaftu (Tianjin) ds chp ;q) dh 'kq:vkr gks xbZA vxys fnu 8 tqykbZ 1937 dks] nwljs phuh&tkikuh ;q) dh iwjh rjg ls'kq:vkr gks xbZA duZy th flaxosu (Ji singwen) yxÒx 100 vknfe;ksa ds lkFk] cpko dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgk Fkk] mls vius mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ls fdlh Òh dher ij] lsrqdks cpk, j[kus ds vkns'k feys FksA Ò;kud ;q) ds ckn] vkSj vf/kd lsuk ds lkFk] phfu;ksa dks lsrq ds Åij dCtk cuk, j[kus esa lQyrk feyhA bl chp chftax vkSjphuh jk"Vªoknh 'kklu ds chp] tkikuh fons'k lsok ds yksxksa ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk] ckrphr 'kq: gks xbZA phuh tujy fDou (Quin) ds lkFk] ,d ekSf[kd jkthukek rS;kjgqvk] ftlds vuqlkj tkikfu;ksa dks ekQh ekaxuh iM+sxhA tkikfu;ksa ds }kjk] phfu;ksa dks fyf[kr ekQhukek fn;k tk;sxk vkSj tks yksx blds ftEesnkj gksaxs] mudks ltk nhtk;sxhA tkikuh xsjhlu rksi[kkus (infantry) ds fcxzsM dek.Mj] tujy eklkdktw dkckcs ( Masakazu Kawabe) ds }kjk] vius mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa ds vkns'kksa dsckotwn] bl laf/k dks iwjh rjg ls udkj fn;k x;k vkSj mlus vxys rhu ÄaVksa rd okufiax ij xksykckjh tkjh j[khA vxys fnu] 9 tqykbZ dks] tkikuh lsuk dh nwljhVqdfM+;ksa ogkWa vk dj 'kkfey gqwbZ vkSj phuh jsthesUV us vR;f/kd çfrjks/k [kM+k fd;kA ykaxQkax (Langfang) esa] 25 tqykbZ dks] iwjs iSekus ij ;q) fNM+ x;kA 27 tqykbZdks tkikuh lsukvksa ds fuokl ij [kwuh vkØe.k fd;s tkus ds ckn] vxys fnu] tujy lqax (sung) dks gjk fn;k x;k vkSj mls ;ksaxfMax ( Yongding) unh ds ikj[knsM+ fn;k x;kA ekdksZiksyks fczzt dh ÄVuk ds ifj.kke Lo:i] phu vkSj tkiku ds lkezkT;ksas ds chp] cM+s Lrj ij yM+kbZ gqbZ ftlesa ckbfiax] frvkaftu vkSj 'kaÄkbZ nksuksaLFkkuksa ij ;q) gq,A 1987 esa lsrq dk iqufuZekZ.k fd;k x;k vkSj tkikfu;ksa ds fo:) phuh yM+kbZ ds Lekjd ds :i esa ;gkWa ,d ;q) laxzgky; (Museum) cuk;k x;kA

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esa mMrs Fks] ftUgsa] okLro esa] fdlh nwljs eryc ds fy;s ukdkfcy Äksf"kr fd;k tk pqdk Fkk] ijUrq]og muds fy;s i;kZIr vPNk ekuk tkrk Fkk] tks ;q) esa ughaa yM jgs Fks] tks dsoy 'kjhjksa dks iScanyxk jgs FksA

xksyhckjh fd;s tkus ds ckn] eq>s tkikfu;ksa ds }kjk idM fy;k x;k] v©j esjs lkFk dkQh[kjkc rjhds ls O;ogkj fd;k x;kA eSa ,d phuh dh rjg ls ughaa fn[krk Fkk] os Bhd ls ;g ughaatkurs Fks fd eSa dSlk fn[krk gWw] v©j blfy;s os esjh cnhZ ds dkj.k] in ds dkj.k] eq> ls iwjh rjgvlarq"V FksA

eSa “kx tkus esa lQy gqvk v©j vius dk;Z dks tkjh j[kus dh vk'kk esa] okil phuh Q©tksaesa tqM+ x;kA vius lfØ; drZO; ij y©Vus ls igys] –'; ifjoZru ds fy;s] eq>s igys pqaxfdax“stk x;kA rc pqxfdax] ftls eSa igys ls tkurk Fkk] iwjh rjg cnyk gqvk ,d vyx LFkku FkkAbekjrsa ubZa Fkha] le>ks fd] dqN iqjkuh bekjrksa ds lkeus (fronts) u;s gks x;s Fks D;ksafd iwoZ esa] blLFkku ij ceckjh gqbZ FkhA LFkku vR;f/kd “hM+ “jk Fkk v©j phu ds fofÒé “kxksa ds cM+s 'kgjksa ls]lc çdkj ds O;kikj] ;q)] tks nwljh txgksa ij “h fNM+k gqvk Fkk] ds le; [kkyh djk;s tkus lscpus dh vk'kk esa] pqaxfdax esa bdÎs gks x;s FksA

chekjh ls dqN mcjus ds ckn] eq>s tujy ;ks (General Yo) dh dek.M esa] uhps leqærVij “stk x;kA eq>s vLirky dk çÒkjh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh] fu;qä fd;k x;k] ijUrq ^^vLirky**/kku ds dqN [ksrksa dk ,d=hdj.k ek= Fkk] tks ikuh ls iwjh rjg “js gq, FksA tYnh gh] tkikuh ogkWvk;s v©j mUgksaus gesa idM fy;k v©j mu lÒh ejhtksa dks ekj Mkyk] tks [kM+s gksus esa vFkok pyusesa vleFkZ FksA eq>s nqckjk idM+k x;k v©j esjs çfr cgqr cqjh rjg ls O;ogkj fd;k x;k D;ksafd]tkikfu;ksa us eq>s bl :i esa igpku fy;k Fkk fd] eSa igys “kx pqdk Fkk] v©j os okLro esa] muyksxksa dks ialn ughaa djrs Fks] tks “kxs gq, gksaA

dqN le; ckn] eq>s tsy ds çÒkjh fpfdRlk vkf/kdjh ds :i esa “stk x;k] tks lÒh jk"V ªksadh v©jrksa ds fy;s FkkA ogkW tM+hcwfV;ksa esa vius fof'k"V çf'k{k.k ds dkj.k] eSa f'kfoj ds çkÑfrdlalk/kuksa dk loksZÙke mi;ksx djus esa] ejhtksa dk bykt djus esa] l{ke Fkk] tks vU;Fkk fdlh “hnwljs çdkj dh nokvkas dks ysus ds fy;s] euk dj pqds FksA tkikfu;ksa us lkspk fd eSa] cafn;ksa ds fy;scgqr vf/kd] dj jgk Fkk v©j mUgsa ejus ugha ns jgk Fkk] v©j blfy;s mUgksaus eq>s tkiku ds canhf'kfoj eas “st fn;k] ,d f'kfoj] tks muds vuqlkj vkradokfn;ksa ds fy;s FkkA eq>s tkikuh leqæ dsrV ij ls VwVs&QwVs tgkt esa [knsMk x;k v©j gekjs lkFk] okLro esa] cgqr cqjh rjg O;ogkj fd;kx;kA eq>s cqjh rjg çrkfMr fd;k x;k] v©j muds }kjk nha xbZa yxkrkj çrkM+ukvksa ds dkj.k] eq>sfueksfu;k gks x;kA os eq>s ejus ughaa nsuk pkgrs Fks] blfy;s mUgksaus vius rjhds ls ns[kÒky dh v©jesjk bykt fd;kA tc eSa dqN Bhd gks jgk Fkk] eSus tkikfu;ksa dks ;g ughaa irk pyus fn;k fd] eSausfdruk vPNk LokLF; ykÒ fd;k gS(&i`Foh fgyh( eSaus lkspk] fd ;s ,d “wdai Fkk] rc eSaus f[kMdh dsckgj ns[kk v©j ik;k fd] iwjk vkdk'k yky gks x;k Fkk] v©j tkikuh vkrafdr gksdj n©M+ jgs Fks],slk yxk ekuks fd] lw;Z dkyk gks x;k FkkA ;|fi] eSa bls ughaa tkurk Fkk] ;s ghjksf'kek ij dh xbZijek.kq ceo"kkZ Fkh] igys ce dk fnu 6 vxLr 1945 FkkA

tkikfu;ksa ds ikl] essjs fy;s dksbZ le; ughaa Fkk] eSus lkspk] mUgsa iwjk le;] [kqn dks ns[kusds fy;s vko';d Fkk] v©j bl çdkj] eSa ,d onhZ dks] ,d Vksih dks] v©j lsaMy ds ,d etcwr tksM+sdks] ikus esa dke;kc gks ldkA eSa] fcuk larjh okys irys ls ,d njokts esa ls gks dj] yM[kMkrsgq,] [kqyh gok eas ckgj pyk v©j leqærV dh vksj viuk jkLrk cuk;k] tgkW eq>s ,d eNqvkjh ukofey xbZA Li"V:i ls] tSls gh ce fxjk] vkrad ds dkj.k mldk ekfyd “kx x;k Fkk] D;kafsd og

27

dgha “h fuxkg esa ughaa vk jgk FkkA uko vius yaxjksa ij] iwjh rjg vylkbZ gqbZ ukp jgh FkhAmldh ryh esa cklh eNfy;ksa ds dqN VqdM+s iM+s Fks] ftuesa ls lM+us dh cncw vkuk 'kq: gks x;kFkkA ogkW iM©l esa] ,d NksM+h gqbZ dêh (can) Fkh] ftlesa cncwnkj ikuh “jk FkkA ihus yk;d] ijUrqdsoy Bhd FkkA eSaus uko dks rV ij idMus okyh >huh jLlh dks dkV fn;k v©j uko dks [khapfn;kA dqN Ä.Vkas ckn tc eSaus irokjksa dks rkuk] gok us QVh gqbZa irokjksa dks “j fn;k v©j rc ukous vKkr LFkku dh vksj #[k fd;kA ;s ç;kl esjs fy;s cgqr “kjh FkkA eSa yxÒx ejk gqvk] csgks'klk] ryh esa yq<+d x;kA

cgqr le; ckn] fdruh nsj] eSa ughaa tkurk] mu eNfy;ksa dh lM+h gqbZ voLFkk dks ns[k dj]eS dsoy ;g fu.kZ; dj ldrk gWw fd eSa] “ksj ds va/ksjs esa tkxkA uko n©M jgh Fkh] v©j NksVh&NksVhygjsa deku dks rksM+ jgha FkhaA eSa fueksfu;k ls cgqr cqjh rjg chekj Fkk] blfy;s ikuh dks myhpusds fy;s] eq>s vius da/kksa ds cy ysVuk iMk] esjs 'kjhj dk lkjk fupyk fgLlk] csdkj] uedhu ikuhesa Fkk] tks yxÒx iwjk dk iwjk [kaxkyuk FkkA fnu esa] ckn ds le;] lw;Z va/kk dj nsus okyh 'kfä dslkFk fudykA eSaus vuqÒo fd;k ekuks esjs flj esa esjk efLr"d] mcy jgk gSA ekuks esjh vkW[kas tydj ckgj fudyha iM+ jgha gSaA eSus eglwl fd;k ekuks] esjh thÒ c<+ dj esjh ckWag ds vkdkj dh gksxbZ FkhA nnZ esjs fy;s cgqr vf/kd FkkA eaSus vuqÒo fd;k fd] esjs QSaQMs QVs tk jgs Fks] v©j eSatkurk Fkk fd] ,d ckj fQj fueksfu;k us] esjs nksuksa QSaQMksa ij vkØze.k dj fn;k FkkA fnu dhjks'kuh esjs lkeus gYdh iM+ xbZ] v©j eSa fQj cdckl ikuh essa] vpsr gksdj Mwc x;kA

le; dk dksbZ eryc ugha Fkk] le; yky /kCcksa dh ,d Ja[kyk ek= Fkh] ftlesa va/ksjs dsdqN fpUg yxs FksA esjs vanj nnZ c<+k v©j eSa thou v©j e`R;q dh lhekvksa ds chp mNyrk jgkAlglk ogkaW] ,d tksj dk >Vdk yxk] v©j uhps uko ds isansa esa dadM+ksa dh ekj iMhA eLrwy fgyk]ekuks fd ;s pVd tk;sxk] v©j ixyk;h lh rst gok esa eLrwy ds fpFkM+s mM+ x,] v©j vpsr eSa]uko esa uhps dh vksj] vkxs dh vksj] Äwerh gqbZa “ojksa ds chp] cncwnkj ikuh ds chp] fQly x;kA

^^th (Gee)] uko ds ryh esa ogkW fpifpik lk dqN gS] fuf'pr:i ls eq>s dM+k] dBksj lkfn[kkbZ nsrk gSA psrurk dh ,d >yd ds lkFk] udqvkrh gqbZ (nasal) vkokt mÒjhA fgyus esavleFkZ] ;s fn[kkus esa “h vleFkZ fd] eS v“h Òh ftUnk Fkk] eSa ogkW iM+k jgkA

^^rqEgkjs lkFk D;k ijs'kkuh gS \ eqnZs dh rjg iMs+ gks \ gesa uko pkfg;s] D;k gesa ughaapkfg;s \ viuk gkFk idM+kvks] ge mls mBk dj ckgj Qsad nsaxsA**

Òkjh dne uko ds Åij ukpus yxs v©j mUgksaus esjs flj dks dqpy nsus dh /kedh nhA ^^vkneh] vksg vkneh !^^ igyh vkokt us dgk] ^^og cspkjk yM+dk] og fuf'pr gh BaM ds

vukoj.k (exposure) ls fiV x;k gSA gks ldrk gS] og vÒh lkal ys jgk gks] gsad (Hank)] rqEgkjkD;k fopkj gSA^^

^^vkW] #dks osfy;kfpu (Bellyachin)] og iwjh rjg ej x;k gSA mls mBk dj ckgj QsadnksA gekjs ikl cckZn djus ds fy;s] le; ughaa gSA^^

dBksj dM+s gkFkkas us eq>s flj v©j iSj ls idM+kA eq>s ,d ckj] nks ckj] >qyk;k x;k] v©j rcckgj Qsad fn;k x;k v©j eSa ml dadM v©j ckyw okys leqærV ij] gìh rksMus okyh Vôj ds lkFk]fxjus ds fy;s] uko ds ,d fdukjs ls yVd x;kA nksuksa vkneh] ,d ckj “h ihNs ns[ks fcuk] mrkj&p<+ko eas] /kWalh gqbZ uko ds dkj.k] ruko esa jgs v©j mUgksaus] djkgrs v©j cíqvk;sa nsrs gq,] NksVs iRFkjksav©j pêkuksa dks ,d rjQ Qasdrs gq,] Qalh gqbZ uko ij] esgur dhA var esa] uko Lora= gqbZ v©jtkyh ds lkFk pjejkrh gqbZ] /khes ls] ikuh esa ihNs dh rjQ rSj x;hA bl “xnM+ esa] fdlh dkj.kls] ftldk eq>s irk ughaa] nksukas vkneh] ikxyksa dh rjg ph[krs fpYykrs] cs<axs ekxksZa dh Ja[kyk esa

28

dgha v©j pys x;sA lw;Z tyus yxkA ckyw esa e©twn NksVs çkf.k;ksa us eq>s dkVk] v©j eq>s mu nSR;kas dh çrkMuk

>syuh iMhA /khes&/khes fnu chrrk x;k] tc rd fd var esa lw;Z Mwc ughaa x;kA ikuh us esjs iSjkas dsÅij mNky ekjh v©j jasx dj esjs ÄqVuksa rd vk x;kA v©j ÅWpkA eaS foy{k.k ç;kl ds lkFk]viuh dksgfu;ksa dks jsr esa Äqlkrs gq,] NViVkrs gq,] laÄ"kZ djrs gq,] dqN QqV jsax dj pykA rcxqeukehA

Ä.Vksa ckn] v©j ;s dqN fnu “h gks ldrs gSa] eSa lw;Z dh fdj.kkas dks vius Åij iMrs gq, ikdj] tx x;kA dkaWirs gq,] eSaus viuk flj Äqek;k v©j pkjksa rjQ ns[kkA vkliM©l iwjh rjg lsvifjfpr FkkA eSa fpÄkaM+rs gq, v©j pedrs gq, leqæ ls dqN nwjh ij] ,d dejs okyh] ,d NksVh>ksaiM+h esa FkkA tSls gh eSaus flj Äqek;k rks ns[kk fd ,d cgqr cw<k] c©) iqtkjh] esjh ns[kjs[k djjgk FkkA Q'kZ ij esjs cxy esa cSBk gqvk] og eqLdqjk;k v©j esjh rjQ vk;kA geus] #drs&vVdrs]v©j dqN vf/kd ijs'kkuh ds lkFk ckrphr dhA gekjh “k"kk;sa leku Fkha ijUrq ,d ughaa] v©j dkQhç;kl ds ckn] 'kCnksa dks foLFkkfir djrs gq, v©j nksgjkrs gq,] geus fLFkfr ij fopkj&foe'kZ fd;kA

^^dqN le; ds fy;s** iqtkjh us dgk] ^^eq>s Kkr Fkk fd] esjs ikl ,d çfrf"Br ;k=h vk;sxk]ftlds ikl thou esa djus ds fy;s egku dk;Z gSA eSa ;|fi cw<+k Fkk ijUrq] eSaus vius thou dks rcrd [khapk tc rd fd] esjk dk;Z iwjk u gks tk;sA^^

dejk cgqr lk/kkj.k Fkk ,dne lkQ] v©j og o`) iqtkjh] Li"V:i ls] “w[ks ejus dh dxkjij FkkA og ,dne {kh.kdk; Fkk v©j mlds gkFk] detksjh v©j vk;q ds dkj.k] dkWai jgs FksA mldhnqÄZVukvksa v©j vk;q ds çÒkoksa ls gYdh iM+rh iqjkuh iks'kkd] tgkW mlus ejEer dh Fkh] lkQ] Li"VVkadksa (stitches) ls lq/kkjh xbZ FkhA

^^geus rqEgas uko ls Qsads tkrs gq, ns[k fy;k Fkk]^^ mlus dgk] ^^dkQh le; rd] geus lkspkrqe eqnkZ gks] yqVsjksa v©j Mkdqvkas ds dkj.k] ge rV rd ughaa igWqp ldsA jkr 'kq: gksrs gh] xkWao dsnks vkneh ckgj fudys vksSj rqEgas esjs ikl yk;sA ijUrq ;g ikWp fnu igys gqvk Fkk( rqe okLro esa]cqjh rjg chekj jgs gksA ge tkurs gS fd] rqe cgqr yach ;k=k djus ds fy;s ftank jgksxs v©j thoucgqr dBksj jgsxkA^^

dBksj! eq>s gj vkneh] vDlj ;g D;ksa dgrk gS fd] thou dBksj gksxk \ D;k os lksprs gSafd] eSa bls ialn djrk gWw \ fuf'pr:i ls ;s dBksj Fkk] ges'kk jgk gS] v©j eS dBksjrk dks mruk ghukialn djrk gWw ftruk fd] dksbZ v©jA

^^;s ukth gS]** iqtkjh us dguk tkjh j[kkA ^ge xkWao dh ckgjh ifjf/k esa gSaA tSls gh rqebl ;ksX; gks tkvks] rqedks ;gkWa ls tkuk iM+sxk D;ksafd] esjh Lo;a dh e`R;q lehi gh gSA**

nks fnu rd] viuh 'kfä dks çkIr djus ds fy,] thou ds lw=ksa dks iqu% idM+us ds fy,] eSalko/kkuh ls vkliM+©l esa Äwek&fQjkA eSa detksj Fkk] “w[kk Fkk] v©j yxÒx ns[kÒky ds ijs fd] eSaftank gWwa ;k eqnkZA o`) iqtkjh ds dqN nksLr] eq>s feyus vk;s v©j mUgksaus lq>ko fn;k fd] eq>s D;kdjuk pkfg,] v©j eq>s fdl çdkj ;k=k djuh pkfg,A rhljh lqcg] tSls gh eSa txk] eSaus o`)iqtkjh dks vius cxy esa] BaMk v©j dBksj] ysVs gq, ns[kkA va/ksjs eas gh] mlus vius thou ds Åij]viuh idM+ NksM+ nh FkhA geus ,d dcz [kksnh v©j mls nQuk fn;kA eSaus tks dqN “h FkksM+k [kkukcpk Fkk] mls ,d diM+s esa yisVk v©j enn djus ds fy,] ,d etcwr MaMk vius lkFk esa ys djpy fn;kA

,d ehy ;k ,slk gh dqN pyus ij] eSa cqjh rjg Fkd x;kA esjh Vkaxsa dkaih v©j esjk flj]esjh –f"V dks /kqa/kyk djrs gq,] Äwerk gqvk lk fn[kkbZ fn;kA dqN le; ds fy,] vklikl xqtjus

29

okys jkgxhjkas dh fuxkg ls cpk gqvk] eSa leqærV ds lkFk okyh lM+d ds cxy ls iM+k jgk D;ksafd]eq>s ;s psrkouh nh xbZ Fkh fd] vtufc;ksa ds fy,] ;s okLro esa] [krjukd ftyk gSA ;gkWa] eq>scrk;k x;k Fkk fd] dksbZ “h vkneh] ;fn mlds gko&Òko] gfFk;kjcan Bxksa dks] tks ftys dks cM+siSekus ij vkrafdr djrs gq, Äwers Fks] çlé u dj lds] vius thou dks xaWok ldrk gSA

var esa] eSaus viuh ;k=k iqu% çkjaÒ dh v©j mUxh (Unggi)13 dh vksj viuh jkg idM+hA esjseq[kfcjkas us eq>s Li"V funsZ'k ns fn, Fks fd] :lh {ks= esa lhek dks dSls ikj fd;k tk,A esjh gkyr[kjkc Fkh] tYnh&tYnh foJkeksa dh vko';drk gksrh Fkh] v©j ,sls gh ,d e©ds ij] eSa ,d lM+d dsfdukjs] vkylh <ax ls] “kjh ;krk;kr dks ns[krk gqvk cSBk FkkA esjh fuxkgsa lewg ls lewg rdfQjrh jgha tc rd fd eSa] “kjh :i ls 'kL=ksa ls lqlfTtr v©j rhu cM+s&cM+s ekfLVQ (mastiff)dqÙkksa ds lkFk] ikWap :lh lSfudksa ds lewg dh vksj vkdf"kZr ughaa gqvkA fdlh dkj.k ls] mlh le;]lSfudksa es ls ,d us] eq>s ns[k fy;kA vius lkfFk;ksa ls ckr djrs gq,] mlus rhuksa dqÙkkas dks tathj[kksy dj] eq> ij NksM+ fn;k] tks viuh xqjkZgV] fpM+fpM+kgV] v©j xqykeh ds iatksa dh rh[khmÙkstuk ds lkFk] vR;ar rsth ls esjh rjQ vk;sA viuh NksVh e'khuxuksa ds ÄksM+ksa ij maxyh j[krsgq,] lSfud esjh rjQ vkxs c<+sA tSls gh dqÙks vk;s] eSaus mudh rjQ fe=rkiw.kZ fopkj “sts( tkuojksadks eq>ls dksbZ Mj vFkok esjh ukilanxh ughaa FkhA vpkud gh os iwaNkas dks fgykrs gq,] ykj Vidkrsgq, v©j pkVrs gq, v©j nksLrh ls eq>s yxÒx ekjrs gq,] D;ksafd eSa detksj Fkk] esjh vksj vk,A ,drst vkns'k] v©j vc esjs Åij [kM+s gq, dqÙks] lSfudksa ds iSjksa esa nqcd x;sA *^vkg!** çÒkjh uk;d(corporal) us dgk] ^vki ;gha ds ewy fuoklh v©j ,d “ys :lh gksus pkfg,] vU;Fkk bu dqÙkksa usvkidks VqdM+ksa esa QkM+ fn;k gksrkA os blds fy, gh çf'kf{kr gSaA FkksM+h nsj ns[kks vksj rqEgsa irk pytk;sxkA*

vfufPNr dqÙkksa dks] tks esjs lkFk #duk pkgrs Fks] [khaprs gq,] os Vgyrs x,A dqN feuVckn] dqÙks vfoyac:i ls vius iSjksa ij mNy iM+s v©j rsth ls lM+d ds fdukjs >kM+&>adkj dh vksjpy fn,A ogkWa ls] vpkud >kxnkj cqycqyksa ds lkFk can gqbZa] Mjkus okyh ph[ksa vkbZaA esjs ihNs“kxn©M+ gqbZ] v©j tSls gh eSa Äwek] dykbZ ij ls dVk gqvk] [kwu esa luk ,d gkFk] esjs iSjksa ij fxjk]tcfd dqÙkk ogkWa viuh nqe fgykrk gqvk [kM+k FkkA

^^dkWejsM] uk;d us] eaFkj xfr ls pyrs gq, dgk]* blds fy;s okLro esa] rqEgsa lktsZaV ds çfroQknkj gksuk pkfg,A ge vius vk/kkj] Økldhuks (Kraskino)14 ij tk jgs gSaA rqe “h py jgs gks]D;k rqe ikWap yk'kksa ds lkFk] okgu ij lokjh djuk pkgksxs \**

^^gkWa] dkWejsM uk;d] eSa vkids çfr vfr vkÒkjh gksÅWaxk]** eSaus tokc fn;kA vius cxy esa] viuh nqeksa dks fgykrs gq, dqÙkksa ds lkFk] Vgyrs gq,] jkLrs esa pyrs gq,]

mUgksaus eq>s Vªsyj (trailor) tqM+s gq,] gkQ Vªsd (half track)15 okgu ij] ys fy;kA Vªsyj ds ,ddksus esa ls] xans rjhds ls Ni&Ni djrh gqbZ] [kwu dh ,d iryh /kkj] tehu ij cghAvkdfLed:i ls ogkWa yxh yk'kksa ds <sj ij utj Mkyrs gq,] mlus mu ejrs gq, yksxksa ds NqViqVlaÄ"kZ dks] vf/kd vk'k;iw.kZ rjhds ls ns[kkA mlus viuh fjokYcj [khaprs gq,] mlds ¼rM+Qrh gqbZ

13 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % lucksax (Sonbong) dkmaVh] ftls igys mUxh ds uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk] mRRkjh dksfj;k ds jklu (Rason) ftys dk ,d Òkx gS] tks mÙkjhdksfj;k ns'k ds] mRRkjh iwohZ fdukjs ij esa fLFkr gSA ;s Vwesu (Tuman) unh ds nf{k.k&iwoZ fdukjs ij 16 ehy nwj] :l vkSj phu dh lhek ij gSA ;g mUxh [kkM+h ijfLFkr gS] tks tkiku lkxj dk ,d foLrkj gSA ;gkWa ;wjsfu;e dh ,d [knku gSA ;gka 200 esxkokV {kerk dk [kfut rsy ls fctyh mRiknu djus dk IykaV yxk gSAdksfj;u Òk"kk esa lksucksax dk vFkZ ^vxzxkeh lsU; VqdM+h* (vanguard) gksrk gSA

14 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % :l dsa [kklkULdh (khasansky) ftys esa] Økldhuks ,d 'kgjh {ks= gS] tks OykkMhcksLVd ls 175 ehy nf{k.k dh rjQ] iksl;V (Posyet)[kkM+h ds fdukjs ij vkSj mÙkjh dksfj;k dh lhek ds lehi fLFkr gSA 2010 bldh vkcknh yxÒx 3250 FkhA ;g 1990 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA 1936 esa bls orZekuuke ysQ~VhusUV fe[kkyh Øklfdu] tks lhek fookn esa 'kghn gq, Fks] ds uke ij Økldhuks j[kk x;kA

15 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % v)Z iFk (half track), lsuk }kjk mi;ksx esa yk;k tkus okyk ,d okgu ¼ vk/kh ckWMh dk Vªd ½ gksrk gS] tlds ek= fiNys nks ifg;s ghfx;j }kjk pyrs gSaA

30

yk'k ds½ flj esa xksyh ekjh] v©j fQj ls viuh canwd dks peM+s ds [kksy esa j[k fn;k v©j rc gkQVªsd ij] fcuk ihNs eqM+s v©j ns[ks] py fn;kA

eq>s gkQ Vªsd esa ihNs dh lhV nh xbZ FkhA lSfud vPNh eu%fLFkfr esa Fks] 'ks[kh cÄkjrs gq,fd] tc os vius drZO; ij Fks] dÒh “h fdlh fons'kh us lhek dks ikj ugha fd;k] eq>s ;g crkrs gq,fd ;ksX;rk ds fy, muds IykVwu dks yky flrkjk iq#"dkj feyk gSA eSaus mUgsa crk;k fd] eSa igyhckj] v©j ;s vk'kk djrs gq, fd] eq>s “k"kk dh dksbZ ijs'kkuh ugha gksxh] egku 'kgj OykMhoksLVd(Vladivostak) dks ns[kus ds fy, ;k=k ij FkkA ^^vkW!** uk;d us Bgkdk yxk;kA ^^bu dqÙkksa dks ogkWafoJke fnykus ds fy, ys tkrs gq,] tks fd ekuojä ds vR;f/kd vknh gks tkus ds dkj.k] brus[kjkc gks x, gSa fd] ge “h bUgsa laÒky ughaa ldrs gSa] gekjk vkiwfrZ djus okyk ,d Vªd] ogkaW tkjgk gSA rqe buds lkFk jkLrs esa jgksA gekjh rjQ ls budh ns[kÒky djks v©j ge rqEgsa dy OykMhys tk;saxsA rqeus gesa le>k] rqe bl ftys esa gj txg le>s tkvksxs& ;s ekLdks ughaa gSA**

blfy,] lkE;okn ds dêj fojks/kh eSaus] ,d jkr mu :lh lhekxLr ds lSfudksa ds vfrfFkds :i eas xqtkjhA 'kjkc] v©jrsa v©j xkus eq>s çLrkfor fd, x,] ijarq eSaus mez v©j [kjkc LokLF;dh nqgkbZ nhA yacs] dkQh yacs le; ds fy,] mÙke] lknk [kkuk esjs vanj jgrs gq,] v©j fcuk fdlhvlqfo/kk ds] psruk ds lkFk] eSa tehu ij lks x;kA

uk;d] ,d dksbZ nwljh inoh/kkjh] rhu dqÙks v©j eSa] ge lÒh lqcg OykMhcksLVd dks pysAv©j bl çdkj] rh[ks tkuojksa ds lkFk viuhs fe=rk dh cn©yr] eSa fcuk fdlh ijs'kkuh ds] fcukiSny pys gq,] v©j viuss vanj dkQh [kkuk gksrs gq,] OykMhcksLVd igWqap x;kA

31

v/;k; rhu

lM+d /kwy v©j xM~<kas ls “jh FkhA tSls&tSls ge vkxs pyrs x,] gesa l'kL= vksojfl;jksa dsçÒkj esa] xgjs&xgjs xM~<kas dks] iRFkjksa vFkok dksbZ “h pht] tks gkFk esa gks] ls “jrs gq,] v©jrksa ds>qaM feyrs x,A tSls&tSls ge vkxs c<+s] esjs lkFk ds lSfudksa us tEgkb;kWa yha] QwgM+iu dh Qcfr;kWadlha] v©j lq>ko nsus okys b'kkjs fd,A

ge ,d Äuh vkcknh okys ftys ls gks dj rc rd vkxs xqtjs] tc rd fd ge mu eugwlbekjrksa dh vksj ughaa vk x,] tks tsysa jgha gkasxhaA gkQ Vs ªd] rS;kj fd, x, çkax.k esa pyrk x;kAogkWa dksbZ utj ughaa vk jgk FkkA vkneh O;kdqyrk ls vklikl ns[k jgs FksA rc] T;ksa gh] pkyd usbatu dks can fd;k] ge rqjar] vknfe;ksa ds 'kksj v©j dqÙkksa ds “©adus dh rh[kh v©j ÅWaph&ÅWaphvkoktksa ls lko/kku gks x,A ge] eSa lSfudksa ds lkFk] tYnh ls vkokt ds lzksr dh rjQ x,A iRFkjdh ,d ÅaWph nhokj esa cus gq, [kqys njokts ls xqtjus ij] geus etcwr] dBksj] dVhys rkjkas ls Äsjkgqvk] ,d vgkrk ns[kk] ftlesa yxÒx ipkl cM+s ekfLVQ (Mastiff) dqÙks j[ks gq,] yxsA

'khÄz gh] vgkrs ds ckgj] lSfudksa dh “hM+ ds fdukjs ls] ,d vkneh us viuh dgkuh lqukbZAekuoh; [kwu ds I;kls dqÙks] muds fu;a=.k ds ckgj gks x, gSa v©j mUgkasus vius j[kokykas esa ls nksdks] ekj dj [kk Mkyk gSA ,d lglk inpki] v©j tSls gh “hM+ f[kldh v©j fgyh] eSaus rhljsvkneh dks] dVhys nhokj ds Åij fpidk gqvk ns[kk] rkj ls mldh idM+ NwVh v©j og dqÙkksa dsÅij fxj x;kA ogkWa ,d “;kog ph[k fudyh] okLro esa] [kwu tek nsus okyh ,d vkokt] rc dqÙkkasds ddZ'k Loj esa xqjkZus dh lkewfgd vkokt] v©j dqN ughaaA uk;d esjh vksj eqM+k] ^^gs] rqe! dqÙkksadks fu;af=r dj ldrs gksA** rc vius cxy esa ,d lSfud dh vksj eqM+rs gq, cksyk] ^^dkWejsM]dIrku dks bl rjQ vkus dks dgks] v©j mUgsa crkvks fd ;gkaW] gekjs ikl] ,d vkneh gS] tks dqÙkksadks fu;af=r dj ldrk gSA** T;ksa gh lSfud tYnh ls eqM+k] eSa mlh LFkku ij] Mj ds ekjs] yxÒxcsgks'k gks x;kA eSa \ ges'kk ijs'kkfu;ksas v©j [krjksa ds fy, eSa gh D;ksa \ rc] tSls gh eSaus dqÙkksa dhrjQ ns[kk] eSaus lkspk] ^^D;ksa ughaa \ ;s tkuoj] frCcrh ekfLVQ dqÙkksa dh rjg ls rh[ks ughaa gSa]v©j ;s lSfud bu dqÙkksa dh vksj “; dh cw ls ns[krs gSa] blfy, dqÙks vkØe.k djrs gSaA** ,d O;xz]xqLls okyk fn[kus okyk dIrku] “hM+ esa ls fudyk] tks vknj ds lkFk esjs lkeus [kM+k gqvkA eq>lsdqN QqV nwj #drs gq,] mlus eq>s uhps ls Åij rd ns[kk v©j ,d voKkiwoZd gaWlh mM+kus dh eqæk]mlds psgjs ij vkbZA ^py gV (faugha)!] uk;d] ^* mlus nEÒiw.kZ <ax ls dgk] gesa ;gkWa feyk D;kgS \ ,d vKku] ns'kh iqtkjh \** ^^dkWejsM dIrku]** uk;d us dgk]^^ lhekar ds vkjikj tkus okysdxkj ls FkksM+k igys] bl vkneh ij] gekjs dqÙkksa us vkØe.k ughaa fd;k v©j blds lkeusvkReleiZ.k dj fn;kA mls vgkrs esa vanj “stks] dkWejsM dIrkuA**

dIrku dh R;ksjh p<+ xbZa v©j mlus /kwy esa vius iSj fÄls] v©j esgur ls vius uk[kwupck;sA var esa mlus Åij ns[kkA ^gkWa] eSa ,slk d:Waxk]* mlus dgkA ^^ekLdks us dgk gS fd] eq>s fdlhv©j dqÙks dks xksyh ughaa ekjuh pkfg,] ijarq mUgksaus eq>s ;s ughaa crk;k fd] tc dqÙks [kwu ds I;kls gksarks D;k fd;k tk,A ;s vkneh] ;fn ;g ej tkrk gS] Bhd gS] ;g ,d nqÄZVuk FkhA ;fn ;g thforjgrk gS] gkWaykfd] bldh laÒkouk dkQh de gSa] rks ge bls iq#"Ñr djsaxsA** v©j rc dqÙkksa dh vksjns[krk gqvk v©j mu rhu j[kokyksa dh gfì;ksa dh vksj >hadrk gqvk] ftudks mUgksaus ekj Mkyk Fkkv©j [kk x, Fks] og Äwek v©j FkksM+k nwj gVkA uk;d dh vksj Äwjrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^bls ns[kukuk;d] v©j ;fn ;s lQy gks tkrk gS] rks rqe ,d lktsZV gks tkvksxsA* blds lkFk gh og rsth lspyrk cukA

32

FkksM+s le; ds fy,] uk;d QVh gqbZ vkWa[kksa ls [kM+k jg x;kA ^êSa] ,d lktsZUV \ vkneh!**esjh vksj Äwjrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^rqe dqÙkksa dks ikyrw cuk yks v©j ^lhek lqj{kk x'rhny* dk gjvkneh rqEgkjk fe= cu tk;sxkA vanj vkvksA**

^^,slk gh gksxk]** mlus mÙkj fn;k] êsjs lkFk vanj vkvks v©j ge mUgas ikysaxsA*ge eqM+s v©j gkQVsªd ds Vªsyj esa ls ckgj fudysA eSaus rhu dqÙkkas dks nqykjk] mUgsa [kqn dks

pkVus fn;k] v©j mudh xa/k vius Åij iM+us nhA rc eq>ls ca/ks gq, rhu dqÙkksa ds lkFk v©j mUgsa/kdsyrs gq,] eSa vgkrs ds çfrcaf/kr ços'k}kj esa ÄqlkA ;fn dksbZ dqÙkk “kxrk gS] rks ml ekeys esans[kus ds fy,] l'kL= çgjh esjs iM+©l esa [kM+s jgsA tYnh gh njokts dks fujFkZd:i ls [kksyk x;k]v©j eq>s e©Vs r©j ls vanj /kdsy fn;k x;kA

gj rjQ ls dqÙks esjh rjQ n©M+sA jkspd <ax ls ^êsjs** rhu nqykj fd, gq, dqÙkksa ds tcM+ksaus] vf/kdka'k dqÙkksa dks esjs cgqr utnhd vkus ls fu#Rlkfgr fd;k] ijarq ,d cgqr cM+k] mxz tkuoj]Li"V :i ls ml >qaM dk usrk Fkk] esjs xys ds Åij dkfrykuk vankt esa >iVkA eSa blds fy, iwjhrjg rS;kj Fkk v©j tSls gh] eSa ,d cxy dks f[kldk] eSaus mlds xys esa tksj dk >Vdk ekjk] twM+ksvFkok djkVs tSlk >Vdk] ¼vc yksx bls ,slk uke nsrs gSa½] ftlus mls tehu Nwus ls igys gh ekjfn;kA yxÒx mlls igys] tc eSa jkLrs esa ls dwn dj ckgj gqvk] mldk fgyrk gqvk 'kjhj] Nhadrsv©j >iVrs v©j laÄ"kZ djrs gq, dqÙkksa ds lewg ls <d x;kA vkoktas ohÒRl FkhaA

++++++ +++dqN {k.kksa ds fy, cpko jfgr] fcuk gfFk;kjksa ds] dqÙkksa ds çfr dsoy n;k v©j fe=rk dsfopkj dks lksprs gq,] fopkj ds }kjk mUgsa crkrs gq, fd] eSa muls “;Òhr ughaa Fkk] fd eSa mudkLokeh Fkk] eSaus çrh{kk dhA rc os iyVs] v©j esjs vanj ,d {k.k ds fy, Ä.kk dk “ko vk;k] tc eSausml uaxs dadky dks ns[kk] tks dqN {k.kksa igys mudk usrk FkkA dqÙks esjh rjQ eqM+sA eSa tehu ijcSBk v©j muls “h ,sslk gh djus dh vk'kk dhA os esjs lkeus] vk/ks xksy Äsjs esa] iats QSykrs gq,]eqLdqjkrs gq,] vkjke ls viuh thÒksa dks fudkys gq, v©j iwaN ls vxy cxy esa >kM+rs gq,] nqcd djcSB x;sA

eSa [kM+k gqvk v©j ltZ dks viuh rjQ cqyk;kA viuk gkFk mlds flj ij j[krs gq,] eSaustksj ls dgk] ^^ltZ vcls vkxs rqe bu dqÙkksa ds usrk gksxs] v©j rqe esjh vkKk ekuksxs v©j ;s ns[kksxsfd] ;s “h esjh vkKk ekusaA** vgkrs ds ckgj ls g"kZ/ofu dh ,d LoPNan vkokt vkbZA eSa lSfudksa dsckjs esa iwjh rjg “wy pqdk Fkk! T;ksagh eSa eqM+k] eSaus ns[kk fd os fe=rk esa vius gkFk fgyk jgs FksAdIrku] mldk psgjk mÙkstuk ls “jk gqvk Fkk] rkjksa ds lehi vk;k v©j fpYyk;k] ^^mu j[kokyksa dhyk'kksa dks vFkok muds dadkyksa dks ckgj ykvksA** f[ké eu ls] eSa igyh yk'k dh vksj x;k] QkM+kgqvk 'kjhj] Nkrh dh gfì;kWa ekal ls jfgrA eSaus mls ,d gkFk ls fy;k v©j [khapk] ijarq “qtk da/ks lsvyx gks xbZA rc eSaus] vkneh dks] mlds varjax ihNs ÄlhVrs gq,] mlds flj ls [khapkA lÒh Mjds ekjs rsth ls gkaQ jgs Fks] v©j eSaus ns[kk fd ml vkneh dh “qtk dks fy, gq,] ltZ esjs cxy esapy jgk FkkA ifjJe iwoZd] eSaus rhuksa yk'kksa dks] vFkok muesa tks dqN “h cpk Fkk] gVk;kA rcokLro esa] Fkdku ls iwjh rjg VwVk gqvk eSa] ços'k}kj ij p<+k v©j ckgj fudy x;kA

dIrku esjs lkeus [kM+k gqvk] ^^rqe esa cncw vk jgh gS!** mlus dgk ^^mu yk'kksa dh xanxh dkslkQ djds vkvksA rqe bu dqÙkksa dh ns[kÒky djrs gq,] ;gkWa ,d eghus rd jgksxsA ,d eghus dsckn] os vius x'r ij pys tk;saxs v©j rc rqe tk ldrs gksA rqEgsa ,d uk;d dk osru feysxkA**vc og uk;d dh rjQ eqM+k v©j mlus dgk] ^tSlk eSaus opu fn;k Fkk] rqe blh {k.k ls lktsZUVgksA** og Äwek v©j Li"V :i ls iwjs ekeys ij dkQh [kq'k gksrk gqvk] Vgyrk gqvk ckgj pyk x;kA

lktsZUV us esjs Åij dsfUær fd;kA ^^rqe tknwxj gks! eSa ;g dÒh ugha “wywaxk fd] rqeus ml

33

dqÙks dks dSls ekjkA dIrku dh ,d iSj ls nwljs iSj rd mNyrh gqbZ fuxkg] tks bl iwjs ekeys dkfQYekadu dj jgh Fkh] dÒh ughaa “wywaxkA rqeus Loa; ds fy,] ,d dkQh cM+h pht çkIr dj yh gSAfiNyh ckj “h gekjs ;gkWa dqÙkksa dk foæksg gqvkA geus N% vkneh v©j pkyhl dqÙks [kks;sA ekLdksdSIVu dh xnZu ij “kjh iM+kA mls crk;k x;k fd] ;fn mlus blh çdkj v©jvf/kd dqÙks xoka;s rksD;k gksxkA og rqEgsa “yh Òkafr O;ogkj djsxkA ysfdu vkvks] tSlk dIrku us dgk] rqe esa ls cncwvk jgh gSA iwjh xanxh dks /kks MkyksA eSa ges'kk vaMjkbZ (Andrei) dks dgrk Fkk fd] og cgqr [kkrkgS v©j nqxaZ/k fudkyrk gSa] vc eSaus mldks VqdM+ksa esa ns[kk gS v©j eSa tkurk gWwa] eSa lgh FkkA** eSa cgqrFkdk gqvk Fkk] bruk Fkdk gqvk fd] bruk chÒRl gkL; “h eq>s fgyk ughaa ldkA

vknfe;ksa dk ,d lewg v©j uk;d] “kstuky; ds gkWy esa] tksj ls Bgkdk yxk jgs Fks]mUgksaus lktsZUV dks dqN dgkA og ph[kk] v©j rsth ls esjh vksj >iVkA ^^dSls! dSls! dkWejsMiqtkjh]** og rsths esa cksyrk x;k] vkWa[ksa çlérk ls “jha gqbaZA ^ôs dgrs gSa fd] rqEgkjs vanj ,sUMªkbZ dsvanj dk cgqr dqN gS] tks rqEgkjs ckgj fn[krk gS] v©j pwafd og ej pqdk gS] mlds lkjs lkeku dksrqEgsa ys ysuk pkfg,A mldk dksbZ fj'rsnkj ughaa gSA tc rd rqe ;gkWa jgksxs] ge rqEgsa dkWejsM]dksjiksjy ,sUMªkbZ] dg dj cqykus okys gSaA vc rd tks dqN mldk Fkk] lks lc dqN rqEgkjk gSA tceSaus bl vgkrs esa rqEgkjs Åij nkWao yxk;s] rqeus esjs fy, cgqr ls :cy thrs gSaA rqe esjs nksLrgksA**

lktsZUV oksfjl fny dk ,d cgqr vPNk balku FkkA O;ogkj esa vf'k"V] :[kk] v©j fcukfdlh f'k{kk dk fn[kkok djrs gq,] viuh inkséfr ikus ds fy,] mlus vÒh “h eq>ls dkQh fe=rkçnf'kZr dh gS & ^^vU;Fkk eSa vius iwjs thou esa uk;d gh cuk jgrk]** mlus dgk& v©j mlus esjsfy, dkQh cM+h la[;k esa :cy thrs gSaA dbZ yksx ;g dgrs jgs gSa fd] eq>s dqÙkksa ds vgkrs esa tkusdk volj ughaa feykA cksfjl us ;g lquk v©j mlus dgk] êsjk vkneh “yk gSA tc geus mldsÅij dqÙks NksM+s] rks rqeus mls ns[kk gksrk] og ughaa fgykA çfrek dh rjg cSB x;kA dqÙkksa us lkspkog muesa ls ,d gSaA rqe ns[kksxs] og ml “hM+ dks lh/kk dj ysxkA **

^êSa bl ij 'krZ yxkrk gWwa] eksfjl \** ,d vkneh ph[kkA^êSa rhu eghus dk osru rqEgsa nWwaxk]** eksfjl us dgkA lh/ks ifj.kke ds :i esa] og yxÒx

lk<+s rhu o"kksaZ dk osru thr pqdk Fkk v©j vkÒkjh FkkA ml jkr] ,d cgqr vPNs] jkr ds [kkus ds ckn] D;ksafd lhek ds x'rh yksx vPNh rjg jg

jgs Fks] eSa dqÙkksa ds vgkrs ds cxy esa] ,d xeZ >ksiM+s esa lks;kA lw[kh ,DlikVksZ (exparto) Äkl ls]xík iwjh rjg “jk gqvk Fkk v©j yksxksa us] esjs fy,] u;s dacy çkIr dj fy, FksA eq>s ml çf'k{k.kds fy,] ftlus eq>s tkuojksa dh çÑfr dks bruh vPNh rjg ls fl[kk;k] esjs ikl] mlds çfr iwjhrjg ÑrK gksus dk çR;sd dkj.k FkkA

igyh gh jks'kuh ij] eSa diM+s igu dj dqÙkksa dks ns[kus x;kA eq>s ;g crk fn;k x;k Fkkfd] mudk [kkuk dgkWa j[kk x;k gS] v©j eSaus ns[kk fd] vc mUgsa okLro eas] cgqr vPNk [kkuk fn;ktk jgk gSA iwaNsa fgykrs gq,] os esjs vklikl bdÎs gks x;s] v©j dÒh&dÒh mUgksaus vius iSj ds iatksadks mBk;k] esjs da/kksa ij j[kkA eSaus vklikl ns[kk] v©j ,sls ,d e©ds ij] dIrku ogkWa okLro esa]rkjksa ds ckgj ns[krk gqvk] [kM+k FkkA ^^vkg! iqtkjh]** mlus dgk] êSa dsoy ;g ns[kus ds fy, ;gkWavk;k gwWa fd] ;g dqÙks brus 'kkar D;ksa gSaA j{kd dks ckgj [kM+s jg dj] [kkuk vanj Qsadrs gq,] dqÙksviuk fgLlk ikus ds fy, ,d nwljs dks QkM+ [kkrs gq,] mudks [kkuk f[kykus dk le;] ikxyiuv©j yM+kbZ dk le; gksrk FkkA eSa rqels dksbZ ç'u ughaa iwNWawxk] iqtkjhA pkj ls ikWaap lIrkg rd] tcrd ;s lÒh dqÙks ;gkWa ls ckgj u py tk,sa] vius ;gkWa jgus ds fy, eq>s opu nks] v©j rc rqe ml

34

LFkku v©j 'kgj dks tk ldrs gks] tgkaW tkuk pkgrs gksA ^^dkWejsM dIrku]** eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^^tc rd fd] ;s lkjs dqÙks ;gkWa ls ughaa pys tkrs] rc

rd eSa vkidks ;gkWa jgus dk lg"kZ opu nsrk gWwa] rÒh eSa viuh jkg ij gksÅaWxkA**^^nwljk dke] iqtkjh]** dIrku us dgkA vxys [kkuk f[kykus ds le;] eSa viuk flusek dSejk

ykÅaWxk v©j ,d fQYe [khapWwaxk rkfd] ofj"B yksx ;g ns[k ldsa fd] geus dqÙkksa dks] dSls vius cleas j[kkA DokVZj ekLVj (quarter master) ds ikl tkvks v©j uk;d dh ,d ubZ cnhZ ys yks]v©j ;fn vgkrs esa viuh enn ds fy, rqe fdlh dks mi;ksxh le>rs gks rks rqe mUgsa ys dj] iwjhrjg vgkrs dks lkQ djk yksA ;fn os Mjsa rks rqe Lo;a mls djksA*

^eSa bls [kqn gh d:aWxk] dkWejsM dIrku]** eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^^rc dqÙks ijs'kku ughaa gksaxsA**dIrku us #[kkbZ ls flj fgyk;k] v©j pyk x;k] Li"V :i ls ,d cgqr çlé vkneh]

tks ;g crk ldrk Fkk fd] mlus fdl çdkj ls [kwu ds I;kls dqÙkksa dh O;oLFkk dh!rhu fnu rd] eSa dqÙkksa ds vgkrs ls l© xt ls vf/kd nwjh rd ughaa fgy ldkA ;s lÒh

vkneh ^^çpaM :i ls çlé** Fks* v©j mUgksaus] ^^ml gkyr esa fd] ;fn ogkWa dksbZ tklwl fNik gksrk**>kfM+;ksa esa xksfy;kWa pykus ds fy,] dÒh ughaa lkspk] tSlk mUgksaus dgkA

viuh 'kfä dks iqu% çkIr djrs gq,] v©j mu vknfe;ksa ds lkFk Äqyrs feyrs gq,] mUgsatkurs gq,] mudh vknrkas dks tkurs gq,] rhu fnu ds fy, eSaus foJke fd;kA ,UMªkbZ esjs leku ghvkdkj dk Fkk] blfy, mlds diM+s eq>s Bhd&Bhd gh vk x,A mldh gj pht dks /kksuk v©jnqckjk /kksuk iM+k D;ksafd] og lQkbZ ds fy, mYys[kuh; ughaa FkkA eq>ls ckrphr djus ds ç;kl esa]dIrku dbZ ckj esjs ikl vk;k] ijarq tc rd og vfÒ#fpiw.kZ v©j i;kZIr fe=rkiw.kZ fn[kkbZ fn;k]eq>s lgh <ax ls] lk/kkj.k iqtkjh dh viuh “wfedk dks ;kn j[kuk iM+k] tks ek= ckS)/keZ ds /keZxzUFkksav©j dqÙkksa dh le> j[krk gS ! og] ;g dgrs gq, /keZ dh gWalh mM+krk fd] e`R;q ds ckn thou ughaagSa] Qknj LVkfyu (Stalin)16 ds flok;] dksbZ bZ'oj ughaa gS] dqN ughaaA ,d cspkjs iqtkjh ds :i esa]ml Kku ls vf/kd ughaa] ftls xkWao ds iqtkjh ls j[ks tkus dh vk'kk dh tkrh gS] eSa /keZxzaFkksa dsmnkgj.k nsrkA

,sls gh ,d fopkj foe'kZ esa] dqÙkksa ds vgkrs ds fo:) >qdk gqvk] Äkl ds ,d fruds dksvkyL;iw.kZ <ax ls pckrk gqvk] cksfjl mifLFkr FkkA ^lktsZUV*] dIrku Øks/k esa] foLe; ls] fpYyk;kA^^iqtkjh] vius NksVs xkaWo ls dÒh ckgj ughaa x;k gSA mls vklikl ys tkvks v©j 'kgj fn[kkvksA mlsvkjVse (Artem) v©j jktMksyuks; (Rajdol'noye) ds x'r ij ys tkvksA mls thou fn[kkvksA ;glksprs gq, fd] ;gh thou gS] og dsoy e`R;q ds ckjs esa tkurk gSA** mlus tehu ij Fkwdk] ,dçfrcaf/kr flxjsV lqyxkbZ] v©j ihNs /kdsy fn;kA

^^gkaW pys vkvks iqtkjh] rqe yacs le; rd dqÙkksa ds lkFk jgs gks] blfy, rqe dqÙkksa tSlsfn[kus yxs gksA ;|fi] eq>s ;g Lohdkj djuk pkfg, fd] vc rqe “yh Òkafr fn[krs gks] v©j rqeusesjs fy, iSls dk <sj thrk gS] iqtkjh] eSa blds lkFk gok esa mMWwaxk] v©j ejus ls igys] eSa bls iwjhrjg [kpZ dj nWwaxkA**

mlus ,d dkj dh rjQ] esjs jkLrs dh vxqokbZ dh] vanj cSBk] v©j eq>s “h ,slk djus dkb'kkjk fd;k] mlus batu dks pkyw fd;k] fx;j&yhoj dks pyk;k] v©j eq>s fDyp ns fn;kA ge

16 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % tkslsQ LVkfyu(Joseph Stalin) ¼18 fnlEcj 1878 & 5 ebZ 1953½ :l dk usrk FkkA e/; 1920 ds n'kd ls viuh eR;q ds le; rd]1953 rd] og :l dh lkE;oknh ikVhZ ds dsUæh; lfefr dk lkekU; lfpo jgk FkkA okLro esa] og jkT; dk çÒko'kkyh vf/kuk;d FkkA LVkfyu 1917 esa cksy'ksfod(Bolshevik) ØkfUr dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, cukbZ xbZ 7 lnL;h; lfefr ds lnL;ksa esa ls ,d Fkk] ftlus :lh ØkfUr esa 1917 esa Òkx fy;kA mls 1922 esa] ikVhZ dsdsUæh; lfefr esa lkekU; lfpo in fn;k x;kA ysfuu (Lenin) dh eR;q ds ckn] 1924 ls mlus :l esa çeq[k Òwfedk fuÒkbZA og 1941 ds ckn lksfc;r laÄ dk çeq[kjgkA og tksftZ;u jk"Vªh;rk dk FkkA mldh larkuksa esa ls ,d] 'osrykuk LVkfyu us] Òkjrh; rRdkyhu fons'k ea=h fnus'k flag ds lkFk fookg fd;k Fkk vkSj ckn esa mUgsaNksM+ dj pyh x;hA

35

CykMhoksLVd dh xM~<snkj lM+dkas ij] rax xfy;ksa esa gaxkek djrs gq,] nwj rd x,A canjxkg dsuhps] dkQh tgkt Fks] yxÒx brus vf/kd] ftrus fd eSaus nqfu;kWa esa gksus dh lksph FkhA ^ns[kks]iqtkjh]* cksfjl us dgk] mu tgktksa esa idM+ dj tCr fd;k gqvk lkeku gSA eky tks vejhdk }kjknwljs ns'kksa dks m/kkj “stk tkrk FkkA os lksprs Fks fd tkikfu;ksa us mls ik+ fy;k ijarq ge eky dksjsy ¼VkªUl lkbZosfj;u jsyos½17 ls okil ekLdks “strs gSa] tgkWa ikVhZ ds ckWl] ftldks os viuh igyhilan le>rs gSa] ys ysrs gSaA ge viuh igyh ilan ysrs gSa D;ksafd] geus canjxkg ds lkFk O;oLFkkdh gqbZ gSA ge muds dkeksa ij viuh vkaW[ksa ewan ysrs gSa] tcfd os gekjs dkeksa ij vkWa[ksa ewan ysrs gSaAD;k rqEgkjs ikl dÒh ÄM+h Fkh] iqtkjh \

^ûghaa]** eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^êSaus vius thou esa cgqr FkksM+h gh ns[kh gSaA eSa lw;Z dh fLFkfr v©jNk;k ls le; Kkr djrk gWwaA**

^^rqEgsa ,d ÄM+h ysuh pkfg,] iqtkjh** cksfjl us dkj dks rst pyk;k v©j 'khÄz gh gecanjxkg ds fdukjs yaxj Mkys gq,] ,d ekyokgh tgkt ds ikl igWqapsA tgkt] yky jax dh tax dsfu'kkuksa ls “jk Fkk v©j lw[ks ued dh Qqgkjksa ls fpuxkfj;kWa mM+k jgk FkkA xksYMu gkWy ds vklikldh ;k=k dfBu v©j csdkj jgh FkhA ,d Øsu viuh yach “qtkvksa ls] fo'o ds fofÒé “kxksa ls vkbZgqbZ mit dks mrkj jgh FkhA vkneh b'kkjk djrs gq, v©j eky ds tkyksa (cargo nets) dh [khaprkudjrs gq,] v©j tgkt dks [khaspus ds eksVs&eksVs jLlksa dks [khaprs gq,] ph[k jgs FksA vius lkFk eq>s[khaprs gq,] cksfjl ckgj dh rjQ dwnk v©j ikxyiu dh rsth ls] vÒh “h eq>s ihNs dh vksj [khaprsgq,] ixMaMh dh vksj “kxkA

^^gesa ÄfM+;kWa pkfg,] dIrku]** og cnhZ igus fn[kus okys vkneh ls] tksj&tksj ls cksykA^dykbZ ds fy, ÄfM+;kWaA**

nwljkas dh rqyuk esa vf/kd vyaÑr cnhZ okyk ,d O;fä çdV gqvk v©j gesa vius çdks"B esavkus dk çLrko fd;kA ÄfM+;kWa] dIrku]* cksfjl >qdkA ^^,d blds fy, v©j nks esjs fy,A rqe fdukjsij vkuk pkgrs gks dIrku \ leqærV ij vPNk le; gSA tks rqEgsa ilan gks] djksA yM+fd;kWa] 'kjkcfi;ks] ge gLr{ksi ughaa djrsA gesa dsoy ÄfM+;kWa pkfg,A**

dIrku eqLdqjk;k v©j mlus 'kjkcsa mM+syhaA cksfjl us viuh] vkokt ds lkFk ih yh v©j esjhmls ns nhA ^ôg ugha ihrk dIrku] og ,d iqtkjh gS] tks vc dqÙks ikyus okyk cu x;k gS] ,ddqÙks dh vPNh ns[kÒky djus okyk] cgqr vPNk nksLr]* cksfjl us dgkA

dIrku viuh 'kkf;dk (bunk) ds uhps ds LFkku esa x;k v©j mlus ,d fMCcs dks [khapkA bls[kksyrs gq,] mlus 'kk;n ,d ntZu dykbZ ÄfM+;kWa fn[kkbZaA ftruk rsth ls vkWa[k ns[k ldrh gS]mrus esa gh cksfjl us nks lksus dh ÄfM+;kWa mBk yha] v©j muesa pkch “jus dh fpark fd, fcuk] mlusnksuksa gkFkksa esa ,d&,d igu yhaA ^^,d ÄM+h rqe ys yks] iqtkjh]** cksfjl us vkns'k fn;kA

eSa igWqapk v©j eSaus ,d Øksfe;e dh yhA ^^;g Bhd gS] iqtkjh]** dIrku us dgkA ^^;gLVsuySl LVhy dh gS] tyjks/kd vksesxk] ,d cgqr vPNh ÄM+h]

^^/kU;okn dIrku]** eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^^;fn vkidks dksbZ vkifÙk ughaa gS rks eSa vkidh ilan dh,d ywWaxkA**

17 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % VªkUl lkbosfj;u jsyos] ekLdks ls ys dj tkiku ds leqærV rd] 9289 fdyksehVj yEck] lksfc;r laÄ dk jsy iFk gSA ;s nqfu;kWa esa lcls yEchjsy ykbZu gS] bldh lEidZ ykbZusas eaxksfy;k] phu vkSj mÙkjh dksfj;k rd tkrh gSaA 1916 ls bls ekLdks vkSj OykMhoksLVd ds chp fcNk;k x;k Fkk vkSj rc ls yxkrkjfoLrkfjr gksrh jgh gSA ;s lkS cM+s vkSj NksVs 'kgjksaa dks ;wjksih; vkSj ,f'k;u Òkx ls] ftlesa le; ds lkFk] :l ds {ks= vkrs gSaa] tksM+rh gS vkSj bls vkfn ls vUr rd;k=k iwjh djus esa 8 fnu dk le; yxrk gSA :lh] tkikuh ;q) ¼1904&05½ esa blus lsU; ifjogu esa egRoiw.kZ Òwfedk fuÒkbZ FkhA bdgsjh ykbZu gksus ds dkj.k] :l dksbl ;q) essa ekr [kkuh iM+h FkhA 1917 esa :lh ØkfUr ds ckn] ;g jsYkos] ifjogu dk thoUr Øe gSA f}rh; fo'o ;q) ds le; esas] ;wjksi esas 'kfä ;q) esa vkiwfrZ djus esabldh egRoiw.kZ Òwfedk jghA blus teZuh vkSj tkiku ds chp] ,d vko';d dM+h ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA orZeku esa] ;s :l ds vkokxeu dk cgqr egRoiw.kZ lk/kugSA :l ds vk;kr dk yxÒx 30 çfr'kr] bl jsy ls tkrk gSA bl jsyos ds }kjk] eaxksfy;k vkSj lkbsosfj;k esa gksrs gq;s] chftax (Biejing) ls gkecxZ (hamburg)rd dk jkLrk 15 fnu esa r; gks tkrk gS] tcfd tyekxZ ls] blls 2 ;k 3 xquk rd vf/kd le; yxrk gSA

36

^^vc eSa le>k] rqe ikxy gks iqtkjh]** cksfjl us dgk] ^^,d LVhy dh ÄM+h] tcfd rqe lksusdh ys ldrs gks \**

eSa galk v©j eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^êsjs fy, LVhy dh gh dkQh vPNh gS] vki ,d lktsZUV gSa]ijarq eSa dsoy ,d cgqr vLFkkbZ uk;d gh gwWaA**

tgkt ls ge Vªkal lkbZosfj;u jsy ds eky mrkjus okys eky[kkus esa x,A dkexkj lewgtgktksa ls pqus x, lkekuksa dks] Vªdksa esa yknus esa O;Lr FksA ;gkWa ls Vªd] dksbZ N% gtkj ehy nwj]ekLdks tkrsA tSls gh ge ;gkaW [kM+s gq,] gekjh jsy ckgj fudy xbZA jsy dh ,d cM+h Ja[kyk dks[khaprs gq, nks batu] gj batu ds nksuksa rjQ ikaWp&ikWap ifg,A nSR;kdkj phtsa] tks “yhÒkafr j[khxbZa Fkha v©j tks jsy ds csM+s }kjk] yxÒx thfor çkf.k;ksa dh rjg] ekuha tkrha FkhaA

cksfjl us jsyos ykbu ds lkFk&lkFk xkM+h pykbZA l'kL= vkneh] larjh gj txg Fks] tksxqtjrh gqbZ jsyksa esa fNi dj ;k=k djus okyksa dks] ckgjh O;fä;ksa dks] tehu ds xM~<ksa esa ls ns[kysrs FksA

^^vki fdlh voS/k O;fä ds] jsy ij p<+s gksus ls] vR;f/kd Mjs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa]** eSaus dgk]^;g og pht gS] ftls eSa ughaa le>rkA D;k uqdlku gksxk ;fn] vknfe;ksa dks jsy dh lokjh djysus nh tk;s \

^îqtkjh** cksfjl us tcko fn;k] ^^rqEgsa thou dk dksbZ Kku ughaa gS] dIrku us Bhd gh dgkFkkA ikVhZ ds nq'eu] rksM+&QksM+ djus okys] v©j iwathokfn;ksa ds tklwl] gekjs 'kgjksa esa pksjh djus dhdksf'k'k djrs gSaA dksbZ “h bZekunkj :lh] bl çdkj pyus dh bPNk ughaa djsxk] tc rd fd]lksfo;r vf/kdkjh (commissar) }kjk ,slk djus ds fy, funsZf'kr u fd;k tk,A**

^îjUrq D;k dkQh yksx ;k=k djus dk ç;kl djrs gSa \ tc vki mUgsa ns[k ysrs gSa] rksmuds lkFk D;k djrs gSa \**

^^muds lkFk D;k djrs gSa \ D;ksa] okLro esa] mUgsa xksyh ekjrs gSa! ;gkW cgqr lkjs pksjh&fNispydj ;k=k djus okys ughaa gSa] ijUrq dy eSa vkVsZe (Artem) tk jgk gwW v©j rqEgsa eSa lkFk ystkÅWxkA ogkW rqe ns[kksxs fd] ge ,sls ØkfUrdkjh rRoksa ds yksxksa ds lkFk] fdl çdkj O;ogkj djrsgSaA jsy dk [ksek] tc os mUgsa idM+ ysrk gS] mlds gkFkksa dks ckW/krk gS] mldh xnZu ls jLlk MkyrsgSa] v©j mUgsa nwj Qsad nsrs gSaA ;|fi] blls jsy dk iFk xank (mess) gks tkrk gS] v©j “sfM+;ksa dksçksRlkfgr djrk gSA^^ cksfjl pkyd ds lhV ij da/ks >qdk,s cSBk Fkk] mldh vkW[ksa jsy dh iVfj;ksaij] lkFk&lkFk pyrs gq,] /khes&/khes yq<+dus okys] BlkBl “js gq, fMCcksa dk tk;tk ys jgha FkhaAekuks fd fo|qr ls vkosf'kr] og ,dne lh/kk cSBk v©j ,sDlhysjsVj dks Bhd uhps nck;kA dkj vkxsmNyh v©j jsy ds 'kh"kZ (head) dks ihNs NksM+rs gq, n©M+hA czsd dks /kEe ls can djrs gq,] cksfjlckgj dwnk] mlus viuh lce'khu xu (submachine gun) dks idM+k v©j jsy dkj (rail car) dhcxy ls fNi x;kA /khes ls jsy jsaxhA eSaus jsy ds nks fMCcksa ds chp] p<+s gq, fdlh dh >yd ns[kh]v©j rc ogkW lce'khuxu dh /kM+k/kM+ gdykgV gqbZA yk'k] jsy iFk ds chp] tehu ij yq<+d xbZA^^mls ykvks!^^ cksfjl us fot;h “ko ls dgk] tSls gh mlus] lko/kkuh ls] cUnwd dh Vôj ls] nwljsÄko dks dqjsnkA ^^vc frjsiu gq,] iqtkjh] jkT; ds frjisu nq'euksa dks fuiVk fn;k x;kA^^

fny ls nq[kh v©j blds çn'kZu djus ls Mjk gqvk] eSa eqM+k] D;ksafd] ;fn og tku tkrk fd]eSa xkaWo dk iqtkjh ughaa Fkk] rks cksfjl us mruh gh vklkuh ls] eq>s “h xksyh ekj nh gksrh] ftruhvklkuh ls nwljs vkneh dks ¼ekjh Fkh½A

jsy pyrh xbZ v©j cksfjl ml Nyuh dh gqbZ] [kwu cgrh gqbZ] yk'k dh vksj pykA vius iSjls mls iyVrs gq,] mlus psgjs dks ns[kk] v©j dgk ^êSa bls ,d jsy dehZ ds :i esa tkurk gwWA mls

37

p<+uk ughaa pkfg;s FkkA 'kk;n eq>s mlds psgjs dks mM+k nsuk pkfg;s] rkfd dfBu ç'u u mBsaA^^ ,slkdgrs gq,] mlus viuh cUnwd dh eD[kh (muzzle) dks ml ejs gq, vkneh ds psgjs ds ikl j[kkv©j ÄksM+k nck fn;kA flj jfgr yk'k dks NksM+rs gq,] vc og viuh dkj dh rjQ y©Vk v©j Mªkbodjds pyk x;kA

^^eSa dÒh jsy ds Åij ughaa x;k] cksfjl]^^ eSaus dgkA ^^Bhd gS] mlus tckc fn;k] ^^dy ge ekyxkM+h ls vkVsZe tk;saxs v©j rc rqe vklikl ns[k

ldrs gksA ogkW esjs dqN vPNs fe= gSa] eSa mUgsa feyuk ¼vkSj crkuk½ pkgrk gWw fd] vc eSa lktsZaV gwWA^^vesfjdk ls “stss tkus okys lkeku dks tIr djds] tgkt ls “stus okyk ;s fopkj] eq>s yEcs

le; rd] vPNk yxkA eSaus yqdkfNih ls tgkt ij tkus ds laca/k esa cksfjl dks crk;kA ^^cksfjl]^^ eSaus dgk] ^^rqe viuk iwjk le; yksxksa dks ljgn ij jksdus esa v©j ;s lqfuf'pr

djus esa fd] jsy ls dksbZ yqdkfNih djds u tk;s] yxkrs gksA fQj “h ;s lkjs tgkt] dksbZ “h budsÅij tk v©j #d ldrk gSA^^

cksfjl okfil ihNs dh vksj >qdk v©j gWalh ds lkFk f[kyf[kyk;kA ^^iqtkjh]^^ mlus Bgkdkyxk;k] ^^rqedks cq)w gksuk pkfg;s! rVj{kd] rV ls ,d ehy igys ls] tgkt ds Åij] p<+ tkrs gSav©j os csM+s ds lÒh lnL;ksa dh tkWp djrs gSaA rc os NksVh thou j{kd ukoksa dks “h “wys fcuk] lÒhdqYgkMk+as v©j f[kM+fd;ksa dks lhy can dj nsrs gSa] v©j muds tksM+ksa v©j nwljs LFkkukas ij lkbukbMxSl mM+sy nsrs gSaA muds ikl çfrfØ;kokfn;ksa] tks bl ckr dks ughaa tkurs gSa] ls tCr fd;s gq,cM+s&cM+s F©ys gksrs gSaA^^

eSaus] bl losanukghu <ax ij] ftlesa ;s vkneh] bl lkjs ekeys dks [ksy dh rjg ysrs gSa]cgqr nq[kh eglwl fd;k] v©j eSaus tYnh ls vius eu dks] tgkt ij yqdkfNih djus dh rjQ cnyfn;k!

;gkW eSa OykMhoksLVd esa FkkA ijUrq eq>s thou esa l©ik x;k dk;Z esjs ikl Fkk] v©j tSlk“fo";dFku esa dgk x;k Fkk fd] eq>s igys vesfjdk tkuk Fkk] rc bXyS.M v©j rc okfil mÙkjhvesfjdh egk}hiA leL;k Fkh& nqfu;kWa ds bl fgLls ls] fdl çdkj ckgj fudyk tk;sA eSaus vf/kdls vf/kd] ftruk laÒo gks lds] Vªakl lkbcsfj;u jsy ds ckjs esa] irk yxkus dk fu'p; fd;k] tgkWtkWp iM+rky lekIr gksrh Fkh] v©j tks ekWLdks dk vUr gksrk FkkA

vxys fnu eSaus O;k;ke fd;k v©j dqÙkksa dks tYnh [kkuk f[kyk fn;k v©j muds lkFk“yhÒkafr O;ofLFkr gksrs gq,] eSa] cksfjl v©j rhu nwljs larfj;ksa ds lkFk] ;k=k ij pykA ge yxÒxipkl ehy nwj] ,d ckgjh p©dh ij x;s] tgkW bu rhu larfj;ksa ls] nwljs rhu dks cnyuk FkkA iwjsjkLrs] vkneh cfr;krs jgs fd os] vc rd fdrus ^^ÒxksM+ksa ^ dks xksyh ls ekj pqds gSa v©j eq>s dqNykÒçn lwpuk feyhA eSa ml LFkku dks tku x;k] tgkW ij v©j vf/kd tkWp iM+rky ughaa gksrh Fkh]eSa tku x;k fd ;fn dksbZ lko/kku gS] rks og fcuk fdlh rjg idM+s x;s] ekLdks ds ckgjh “kxksa esadSls ;k=k dj ldrk gSA

iSls dh leL;k gksus tk jgk Fkh] ftls eSa ns[k ldrk FkkA eSaus] nwljs yksxksa ds cnys esadRRkZO; ij [kM+k gksdj] mudh chekfj;ksa dk bykt djrs gq,] v©j muesa ls dqN ds “ys dk;kZy;ksads ek/;eksa ls] [kqn 'kgj dh ikVhZ ds /kuh lnL;ksa dk bykt djrs gq,] iSlk dek;kA nwljksa dh rjgls] eSaus tgktksa ij tkus&vkus dh O;oLFkk dh] v©j ubZ jsy esa yns gq, ywV ds lkeku esa ls] eSausviuk fgLlk fy;kA esjh lÒh mnkjrk :cy esa cny xbZA eSa :l dks ikj djus dh ;kstuk cukjgk FkkA

yxÒx ikWp g¶rs ckn] dIrku us eq>s crk;k fd] dqÙks vc vius xLrh Fkkuksa dh rjQ okil

38

tk jgs FksA ,d u;k vf/kdkjh vk jgk Fkk v©j tc rd og igqWps] mlls igys eq>s NksM+ nsukpkfg;sA eSa dgkW tk jgk Fkk \ mlus iwNkA vc rd] vius vkneh dks tkurs gq,] eSaus tcko fn;k]^êSa OykMhoksLVd gh esa jgwWxk] dkejsM dIrku] eq>s ;gkWa ialn gSA^^

mldk psgjk Mj ls “j x;kA ^^rqedks tkuk pkfg;s] vÒh bl ftys ds ckgj fudyksA dyghA

^îjUrq dkejsM dIrku] eq>s dgha ughaa tkuk gS] esjs ikl iSlk ughaa gS]^^ eSus mÙkj fn;kA ^^rqedks] [kkuk] dIkM+s v©j :cy fey tk;saxs] vkSj bl ftys ds ckgj ys tk;s tkvksxsA^^^^dkejsM dIrku]^^ eSaus nksgjk;k] ^êq>s tkus ds fy;s dksbZ LFkku ughaa gSA eSaus ;gkW ifjJe

iwoZd dk;Z fd;k gS] v©j eSa OykMhOkksLVd esa jguk pkgrk gwWA^^dIrku mrk: FkkA ^^dy ge vius vknfe;ksa dks] vius {ks= dh vkf[kjh lhekvksa rd]

oksjksflykso (Voroshilov) dh lhekvksa rd] “stsaxsA rqEgsa ogkW ys tk;k tk;sxk v©j NksM+ fn;ktk;sxkA eSa] ;s crkrs gq, fd] rqeus gekjh enn dh gS v©j rqe ogkW gekjh btktr ls x;s gks]rqEgsa ,d fpÎh nwWxkA rc oksjksflykso dh iqfyl rqEgsa fxj¶rkj ughaa djsxhA^^

ftruk eSaus lkspk Fkk] ;s mlls dgha vPNk FkkA eSa oksjksflykso tkuk pkgrk Fkk] D;ksafd ;gog LFkku Fkk] tgkW ls eSa jsy idM+uk pkgrk FkkA eSa tkurk Fkk fd] ;fn eSa 'kgj ds nwljh rjQ lsjsy ij p<Wa+w] rks eSa vPNh rjg ls lqjf{kr jgwWxkA

vxys fnu] nwljs vknfe;ksa ds lkFk] eSa rsth ls] lSfudksa ys tkus okys v©j lM+d ij 'kksjepkrs gq, ,d okgu ij p<+ dj] oksjksflykso ds jkLrs ij] vkxs dh vksj pykA bl le; eSa diM+ksadk cf<+;k lwV igus Fkk] v©j esjs lkeku ls “jk gqvk] ihB dk ,d cM+k F©yk (rucksack) esjs iklFkkA esjs ikl] “kstu ls “jk gqvk] ,d da/ks dk F©yk “h FkkA blls eq>s ;s ;kn djus dk “h voljughaa feyk fd diM+s] ftUgsa eSa igus Fkk] os tgkt ij p<+us okys ,d ejs gq, ;k=h ds FksA

^îqtkjh] rqe ughaa tkurs fd] rqe dgkW tk jgs gks ^ cksfjl us dgk] ^îjUrq dIrku us dgk gSfd] blus bu dqÙkksa dks çf'k{k.k fn;k gS] blfy;s rqEgsa tkuk iM+sxkA rqe vkt jkr] ckgj dh p©dhij lks ldrs gks] v©j lqcg vius jkLrs ij fudy tkukA^^

ml jkr eSa cSpsu FkkA eSa ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij Äwers&Äwers ijs'kku gks x;k Fkk v©jFkd x;k FkkA viuh e`R;q dks dksguh ekjrs gq,] Fkdk gqvk ijs'kku] eSaA vius ije 'kkafriw.kZ thou ds<ax ls fojks/k djrs gq,] ;s] ek= bu yksxksa ds lkFk] tks brus fons'kh Fks] vdsyk jguk “j ughaa FkkA

lqcg] ,d vPNs uk'rs ds ckn] eSaus cksfjl v©j nwljksa dks vyfcnk dgk] viuk “kj da/ks ijyknk] v©j py fn;kA oksjksflykso dk pôj [kkus ds ç;kl esa] eq[; lM+d dks cpkrs gq,] eSaus ehyds ckn ehy] r; fd;sA esjs ihNs rsth ls vkus okyh dkj dh] ,d rst vkokt vkbZ v©j rsth lsyxk;s czsdksa dh ph[k xwWath] v©j eSaus vius vki dks] ,d lce'khuxu dh eD[kh ds uhps] ns[ks tkrsgq, ik;kA

^^rqe d©u gks \ rqe dgkW tk jgs gks \ R;ksjh p<+k dj ns[krs gq,] ,d dksjiksjy xqjkZ;kA ^êSaoksjksflykso ds fy;s vius jkLrs ij gwWA^^ eSaus tcko fn;kA esjs ikl dkejsM dIrku osfLlyh(Vassily) dk ,d i= gSA^^

i<+us dh O;xzrk esa] R;ksjh p<+krs gq,] eq>ls i= Nhurs gq,] mlus bls QkM+ dj [kksykA rcmldk psgjk] p©M+h eqLdku ds lkFk f[ky x;kA ^^ge vÒh lktZsaV cksfjl ds ikl ls gh vk;s gSa]^^mlus dgk] ^^vUnj vkvks] ge rqEgsa oksjksflykso ys pysaxs v©j rqEk tgkW dgks] ogkW rd NksM+ nsaxsA^^

;s ,d ijs'kkuh Fkh] eSa 'kgj dks pqdk nsus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk Fkk ! ijUrq eSa x'rh dkj ijp<+ x;k v©j rsth ls oksjksflykso dh vksj pykA eSa iqfyl eq[;ky; ds lehi mrj x;k v©j tSls

39

gh dkj xSfjt esa rsth ls vUnj xbZ] ;s dksf'k'k djrs gq, fd] jkr gksus ls ifgys] vf/kd ls vf/kdftruk pyk tk lds] eSa gksf'k;kjh ls lkFk pykA eSaus jsy dh iVjh ds ikl #dus dh ;kstuk cukbZv©j jsy ij p<+us ls ifgys ;s fujh{k.k fd;k fd] jkr v©j fnu dks D;k gksrk gSA

;k=h jsysa jksdh tkrha Fkha v©j oksjksflykso ij mudh tkWp gksrh Fkh ijUrq] ekyxkfM+;kW dqNckgj gh jksdh tkrha Fkha] rkfd 'kk;n] LFkkuh; turk ;s u ns[k lds fd] yqdfNi dj pyus okysfdrus yksx ekjs x;sA eSa fuxjkuh djrk jgk] v©j fuxjkuh djrk jgk] v©j eSaus fu'p; fd;k fd]jsy tc pyus okyh gks] rÒh eq>s mlesa vUnj tkus dh vk'kk djuh pkfg;sA

nwljs fnu dh jkr dks] ,d vf/kd okafNr jsy #dhA ,d jsy] ftlesa esjk vuqÒo dgrk Fkk]fd mlesa] ^^NqM+k;s x;s (land-lease)18** reke lkeku yns FksA ;s pwduh ughaa pkfg;s] eSaus lkspkAeSaus jsy dh iVjh ds lkFk] uhps >kWadrs gq,] rkyk can fd;s gq, njoktksa dks ij[krs gq,] v©j ftuesarkys ughaa yxs Fks] mudks [kksyrs gq,] T;ksa gha vius vki dks vkjke fn;kA gj tc&rc (every nowand then)] ,d xksyh nkxh xbZ] mlds ckn] ,d fxjrh gqbZ yk'k dh /kekds dh vkokt gqbZA ogkW]bl Mj ls fd os jsy ds ifg;ksa ls dV tk;saxs] dqÙks mi;ksx esa ughaa yk;s tkrs FksA ftruk xank gksldrk Fkk] [kqn dks mruk xank cukus ds fy;s] eSa /kwy esa yq<+d x;kA

jsy esa >kWadrs gq,] ,d nwljs ds lkFk tksj&tksj ls fpYykrs gq,] 'kfä'kkyh ysEiksa dkspdekrs gq,] larjh lehi vk;sA fdlh us “h jsy ds ihNs ns[kus ds fy;s ughaa lkspk] v©j jsy usmuds /;ku dks viuh rjQ cuk;s j[kkA eSa muds ihNs tehu ij v©a/kk iM+k gqvk Fkk] eSaus lkspk ^^esjsdqÙks] bldh rqyuk esa vf/kd dq'ky gksrsA dqÙkksa us eq>s tYnh gh ik fy;k gksrk!^^

vkneh viuh tkWp iM+rky ls larq"V gq,] pys x;sA eSa iVjh ds ,d rjQ yq<+d x;k v©jjsy ds fMCcs ds uhps] ifg;ksa ds chp] Nykax yxk nhA 'khÄz gh eSa] ,d /kqjs (axle) ij p<+ x;k v©jckgj fudyrs gq, ,d jLls dks [khapk] tks esjs ikl ifgys ls [khapus ds fy;s rS;kj FkkA bls nwljhrjQ cka/krs gq,] eSaus vius vki dks Åij dh vksj [khapk v©j vius vki dks jsy ds fMCcs ds Q'kZ dhryh ds lkFk cka/k fn;kA ;g ,dek= fLFkfr Fkh] ftlesa eSa tkWp&iM+rky ls cp ldrk FkkA eSaus ,deghus ifgys ls gh bldh ;kstuk cuk yh FkhA jsy >Vds ds lkFk 'kq: gqbZ] ftlus eq>s yxÒxfudky fn;k v©j tSlh fd eq>s vis{kk Fkh] /kqj&n.Mksa esa >kadrs gq, l'kL= larfj;ksa ds lkFk] rstjks'kuh okyh ,d thi] cxy ls n©M+rs gq, vk;hA fÒ{kqf.k;ksa ds leqnk; ds lkeus ,d uaxk vknehtSls eglwl djrk] oSls eglwl djrs gq,] eSaus vius vki dks Q'kZ ds djhc [khap fy;kA thi n©M+rhxbZ] eqM+h v©j okfil vk;h] v©j esjh utj v©j thou ls xqtj xbZA jsy pyus yxh ikWp] Ng ehyrd] eSa viuh d"Vnk;h fLFkfr esa mls dBksjrk ls idM+s jgk] v©j bl ckr ls vk'oLr gqvk fd][krjk Vy x;k gSA eSaus /khes ls] jLls ls [kqn dks <hyk fd;k v©j /kqjksa ds <ôuksa esa ls ,d ij]vius vki dks larqfyr djus dh O;OkLFkk dhA

FkksM+s le; ds fy;s] ftruk vPNk gks ldrk Fkk] eSaus foJke fd;kA esjs vUnj ;s vuqÒookfil vkus ds lkFk] v©j nq[krh gqbZ “qtkvksa ds dkj.k] eSa rax fLFkfr esa okfil vk x;kA rclko/kkuhiwoZd] /khes ls] eSaus Lo;a dks] jsy ds fMCcs ds vkf[kjh fljs ds lkFk] yksgs dh v©j NMk+as dksidM+us dh O;oLFkk dhA 'kk;n] yxÒx vk/ks Ä.Vs rd] eSa fMCcksa ds tksM+ ij cSBk] v©j rc viusvki dks >wyrs gq, IysVQkWeZ dh vksj [khaprs gq,] eSa va/kk gks dj] Nr ds Åijh fdukjs ij jsax x;kAvc rd rkjksa ds çdk'k dks NksM+ dj] xgjk va/ksjk gks pqdk FkkA pUæek vÒh rd ughaa mxk Fkk] v©jeSa tkurk Fkk fd blls igys fd] ncs ikWao pgydneh djus okys] jsy ds çgjh] lkbcsfj;k dh

18 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ysaM yht (land-lease) dh uhfr 11 ekpZ 1941 dks vejhdk ls Lora= Ýkal] baXySaM vkSj phu rFkk ckn esa lksfc;r :l vkSj vU; fe= jk"Vªksadks [kk|ku] rsy vkSj vU; lkekuksa dh vkiwfrZ djus ds fy, ykxw dh xbZ FkhA 1941 ls vxLr 1945 rd] lkekU;r%] ;g lgk;rk fu'kqYd Fkh] ;|fi] f}rh; egk;q) dsckn] dqN lkekuksa dks vesfjdk dks okil dj fn;k x;k FkkA ;s O;oLFkk flrECj 1945 esas lekIr gqbZA

40

pkWnuh esa eq>s ns[k ik;sa] eq>s ekyxkM+h ds fdlh fMCcs (wagon) esa vUnj Äqlus ds fy;s] rsth lsdke djuk gksxkA jLls ds ,d fljs ls] eSaus vius vki dks Nr ls] v©j mlds nwljs fljs dks] jsydh Nr ls cka/k fy;k] v©j jLls dh idM+ dk ykÒ mBkrs gq,] lko/kkuhiwoZd] cxy ls yq<+d x;k]jLls dks eSaus vPNh rjg ls idM+kA [kqjnjs fdukjksa ls jxM+ v©j mNky [kkrs gq,] eSaus 'khÄz gh pkÒhdh lgk;rk ls ,d njokts dks [kksyus dh O;oLFkk dh] ftldks eSaus OykMhcksLVd esa gh bl mís';ls çkIr dj fy;k Fkk & ,d gh pkÒh iwjh Vªsu ds lÒh rkyksa esa yxrh FkhA njokts dks f[kldkuk]dkYifud :i ls] dfBu çrhr gqvk D;ksafd] eSa ,d yksyd (pendulum) dh rjg ls >wy jgk Fkk]ijUrq pUæek dh igyh fdj.kksa ds fn[kus ds lkFk eq>s vf/kd lg;ksx feyk] njoktk f[kld dj[kqy x;k v©j cqjh rjg Fkdk gqvk eSa vUnj jsax x;kA jLls ds eqä fljs dks >qykrs gq, eSa dwnk] v©jmls rc rd [khapk tc rd fd] mldh iwjh yEckbZ esjs gkFkksa esa ughaa vk xbZA vR;f/kd FkdkoV dslkFk dkairs gq,] eSaus njoktk f[kldk;k] cUn fd;k v©j Q'kZ ij fxj x;kA

nks ;k rhu fnu ckn] dksbZ “h bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] le; dk fglkc yxkuk “wy tkrk gS &eSaus vuqÒo fd;k fd] jsy /kheh iM+ jgh gSA njokts dh rjQ tYnh djrs gq,] eSaus bls [kksykv©j ,d f>jh esa ls ckgj >kadkA ;gkW cQZ ds flok;] ns[kus dks dqN ughaa Fkk] blfy;s eSa rsth lsnwljh rjQ n©M+kA jsy ds çgjh] 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds lewg ds lkFk&lkFk n©M+ jgs FksA Li"V:i ls] ,dcM+h ryk'k py jgh FkhA vius lkeku dks idM+rs gq, eSa cQZ ds vUnj cxy ls fxjkA eSaus] ejksM+rsv©j isarjsckth djrs gq,] “ze iSnk djus ds fy;s] jsy ds fMCcks ds ifg;ksa ds chp esa] cQZ ds ÅijiM+us okys fu'kkuksa dks iwjh rjg feVk fn;kA tcfd] eSa vÒh “h] muesa FkkA jsy us pyuk 'kq: fd;kv©j eSaus fujk'kk tud <ax ls] lcls iM+©l okys B.Ms la;kstd (coupling) dks idM+ fy;kA egkul©ÒkX; ds }kjk] eSaus viuh “qtkvksa dks] ,d ds pkjksa rjQ Äsjus dh O;OkLFkk dj ik;h] v©j eSa ogkW]iSj >wyrs gq,] tc rd fd ,d vpkud >Vds us] esjs iSjksa dks Åij mBkus ds fy;s] Bhd ls ;ksX;ughaa cuk fn;k] yVdk jgkA

lh/ks [kM+s gksrs gq, eSaus ik;k fd] eSa ,d fMCcs ds var esa Fkk] tks dM+s tes gq, frjiky(tarpauline) ls <dk gqvk FkkA xkaBs (knots), ,dne BaMh Bksl cQZ Fkha] “kjh frjiky] ,d yksgsdh pknj dh rjg FkkA eSa cQZ ls <ds gq, la;kstdksa ds Åij fgyrk gqvk] cQhZyh xkaBksa ds lkFklaÄ"kZ djrk gqvk] [kM+k jgkA ;g vk'kk djrs gq, fd] og dqN uje gks tk;saxha] eSaus muds Åijlkalsa NksM+ha ijUrq] esjh lkal te xbZ v©j mlus cQZ dks v©j eksVk] dj fn;kA eSaus jLls dks ihNs dhrjQ v©j nqckjk fMCcs ds cxy esa] /kkrq ds fo#)] vkxs dh rjQ [khapkA tcfd va/ksjk fÄj jgk Fkkv©j eSa “jiwj ç;kl ds lkFk] frjiky ds ,d fljs dks] cyiwoZd vyx djus ds fy;s v©j vUnjjsaxus ds fy;s] vafre :i ls fÄlrk gqvk] Qalrk gqvk fudykA tSls gh eSa vUnj Q'kZ ij fxjk] ,dvkneh esjs xys ij ,d rh[ks yksgs ds VqdM+s dk okj djrs gq,] esjs Åij mNy dj >iVkA ftUnkjgus dh “kouk v©j vH;kl esjs cpko esa vk;s v©j 'khÄz gh] og vkneh viuh ,d VwVh ckWg dhns[kÒky djrk gqvk] nq[kh gqvkA ,d yksgs ds M.Ms ds lkFk v©j nwljk VwVh gqbZ nkWrsnkj cksry dslkFk] nks nwljs vkneh esjh rjQ vk;sA okLro esa] ,d us esjs çf'k{k.k ds lkFk] eq>s dksbZ cM+h leL;kiSnk ughaa dh] v©j os 'khÄz gh 'kL= foghu dj fn;s x;sA ;gkW taxy dk dkuwu ykxw FkkA lcls'kfä'kkyh euq";] jktk Fkk! vc pwafd eSaus mUgsa ihVk Fkk] os esjs xqyke cu x;sA

eky dk fMCck] iwjh rjg vuktksa ls ynk gqvk Fkk] ftldks geus tSlk Fkk oSlk gh [kk;kAihus ds fy;s] geus bdêh dh gqbZ cQZ] ;k cQZ] tks geus frjiky ls rksM+h Fkh] pwlhA gesa dksbZ xehZughaa feyh D;ksafd ;gkW tykus ds fy;s dqN ughaa Fkk v©j jsy ds çgfj;ksa us /kqa,s dks ns[k fy;k gksrkAeSa lnhZ ds lkFk O;oLFkk dj ik;k ijUrq og vkneh ftldh ckWgs VwV xbZ Fkha] te dj Bksl gks x;k

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v©j gesa mls cxy ls Qsad nsuk iM+kAlkbcsfj;k esa iwjh cQZ ughaa gS] blds dqN fgLls] dsusMk ds jkWdh ioZr (canadian rockies)

dh rjg ls] igkfM+;ksa ls fÄjs gq, gSa] v©j nwljs dqN fgLls] vk;jyS.M dh rjg ls] dkQh gjs&Òjs gSaAvc] ;|fi ge cQZ ds dkj.k ijs'kkuh esa Fks D;ksafd] ;s e©le] ftlesa ge ;k=k dj jgs Fks] lcls[kjkc e©le FkkA

geus ns[kk fd] vukt us gedks cqjh rjg ijs'kku dj fn;kA ;s isV esa igWqp dj Qwyk v©jgedkss “;kud nLr yx x;s] gedks bruk vf/kd detksj cuk fn;k fd] ge eqf'dy ls ;s fparkdj ik;s fd] ge ftUnk “h gSa ;k ej x;sA vUr esa vfrlkj (dysentery) de gqvk] v©j ge “w[ksejus dh rh[kh Vhl ls ijs'kku gq,A eSaus vius vki dks] vius jLls dh lgk;rk ls] viuh cxy dscy] uhps dj fy;k v©j /kqfj;ksa ds fMCcksa esa ls xzhl (grease) dks [kqjp fy;kA geus mls [kk;k]bl chp] mcdkbZ “;kud :i ls tkjh jghA

jsy] yEcs le; rd pyrh jghA csdy >hy (Baykal lake) ds fljs ds vklikl] vkWEl~(Omsk) dh rjQA ;gkW tSlk fd eSa tkurk Fkk] bls nwljh iVjh ij (shunt) fd;k tkuk pkfg;s Fkkv©j nqckjk cuk;k tkuk Fkk] vr% 'kgj igqWpus ls igys] eq>s bldks NksM+ nsuk v©j nwljh jsy ijdwnuk pkfg;s Fkk] tks nqckjk cukbZ tkuh FkhA jsyksa dks cnyus dh ihM+k v©j ç;kl] bu lkjh phtksadks foLrkj esa crkus dh dksbZ rqd ughaa gS] ijUrq] ,d :lh v©j ,d phuh ds lkFk] eSa ekLdks tkusokyh ,d rhozxkeh ekyxkM+h ij p<+us esa lQy gqvkA

jsy vPNh gkyr esa Fkh] esjh lko/kkuh iwoZd lqjf{kr j[kh xbZ pkÒh us ekyxkM+h ds ,d fMCcsdks [kksyk v©j ge] pUæ foghu jkr ds va/ksjs esa fNis gq,] gkFk&iSjksa ds cy] dfBukbZ ls vUnj p<+x;sA fMCck iwjh rjg “jk gqvk Fkk v©j gesa tcjnLrh [kqn dks vUnj Äqlkuk iM+kA mlesa çdk'k dhdksbZ fdj.k ughaaa Fkh v©j gesa “js gq, lkeku dk dksbZ vUnkt ughaa FkkA lqcg] ,d lq[kn vk'p;Zgekjh çrh{kk dj jgk FkkA ge “w[ks ej jgs Fks] v©j geus ns[kk fd] oSxu ds ,d dksus esa] jsM ØkWl(red cross) ds iklZyksa dks tek dj j[kk x;k gS] tks Li"V:i ls] vius y{; rd ughaa igqWps Fks]ijUrq :fl;ksa }kjk eqä djk fy;s x;s FksA vc ge Bhd ls Fks] pkWdysV] fMCck can [kkuk] fMCck cannw/k] gj phtA ,d iklZy esa] gesa /kqavk jfgr Bksl bZa/ku ds lkFk] ,d NksVk LVkso “h fey x;kA

eky dh xkaBkas (bales) dks tkWprs gq,] geus mUgsa iwjh rjg ls diM+ksa v©j nwljs rekelkekuksa ls “jk ik;k] tks 'kaÄkbZ dh nqdkuksa ls] “.Mkjksa ls ywVs gq, gks ldrs FksA dSejk] f}us=h(binocular)] ÄfM+;kWA geus vius vki dks cf<+;k diM+ksa esa ltk fy;k] D;ksafd ge cgqr gh lnesokyh fLFkfr esa FksA gekjh lcls cM+h vko';drk ikuh dh FkhA gesa cQZ ds Åij fuÒZj jguk iM+k]ftls ge dxkjksa ;k rkdksa ds Åij ls [kqjp ldrs FksA

pkj g¶rksa v©j Ng gtkj ehy pyus ds ckn] eSaus OykMhoksLVd NksM+k] jsy] ekWLdks ls dqNrhl ;k pkyhl ehy nwj] uksftaLd (Noginsk) igqWp jgh FkhA ge rhuksa us vkil esa ppkZ dh v©j ;sfu'p; fd;k fd] tSls gh Vªsu ds çgjh lfØ; gkas] &geus mUgsa viuh Nrksa ds Åij pyrs gq, lqufy;k Fkk& gesa NksM+ nsus dh gksf'k;kjh djuh pkfg;sA ;s lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s fd] gekjs ckjs esadqN “h lansgkLin u gks] geus vR;Ur lko/kkuh ds lkFk] ,d&nwljs dk fujh{k.k fd;k] rc geus[kkus dh cgqr vPNh ek=k v©j ^^[ktkuk** ftlls vnykcnyh dh tk lds] mBk fy;kA phuh vknehigys x;k] v©j tSls gh ge fQlys] mlds ckn njoktk can gks x;k] eSaus jk;Qy dh xksyh dhvkokt lquhA rhu ;k pkj Ä.Vs ds ckn] :lh uhps fxj x;k] mlds vk/ks Ä.Vs ds varjky ds ckn]eSa mrjkA iwjh rjg fuf'apr gksrs gq,] eaS va/ksjs esa vius jkLrs ij pyk D;ksafd] ekLdks dk jgusokyk :lh] ftls lkbcsfj;k eas ns'k fudkyk fn;k x;k Fkk] lko/kkuh ls gekjs fMCcs esa FkkA lqcg rd]

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eSaus vPNs iPphl ehy r; dj fy;s Fks v©j >hy ds f'kfojksa esa lq/kkjh xbZa esjh VkWxsa] eq>s cgqr cqjhrjg ls ijs'kkuh ns jgha FkhaA

[kkus ds ,d LFkku esa] eSaus] lhekorhZ larfj;ksa ds :i esa] uk;d ds :i esa] vius dkxt]fn[kk;sA ;s ,aMjkbZ ds Fks! eq>s ;s dgk x;k Fkk fd eSa] mlds lkjs lkeku dks ys ldrk gwW v©j fdlhus “h mlesa ;s tksM+us dk [;ky ughaa fd;k Fkk ^^mlds ifjp; i= v©j v©ipkfjd dkxtksa dsvykokA^^ efgyk osVlZ us 'kd dh utj ls ns[kk v©j iqfyl ds flikgh dks cqyk;k] tks ckgj dhvksj [kM+k FkkA og vUnj vk;k v©j muesa dkQh fopkj&foe'kZ gqvkA ughaa] esjs ikl [kkus dkjk'kudkMZ ughaa Fkk] eSaus bls xyrh ls OykMhoksLVd esa NksM+ fn;k Fkk] OykWMhoksLVd esa larfj;ksa dsfy;s [kk| fu;eu (food regulations) ykxw ughaa FksA iqfylesu us esjs dkxtkrksa ds Åij fuxkgekjh v©j rc dgk] ^^rqedks rc rd CySdekdsZV esa [kkuk iMsxk] tc rd fd rqe] [kk| dk;kZy;ughaa tkrs v©j nwljk dkMZ çkIr ughaa dj ysrsA mUgsa igys OykMhoksLVd ls lEidZ djuk iM+sxkA^^blds lkFk gh og eqM+k v©j ckgj pyk x;kA efgyk osVj us vius da/ks fgyk;sA ^^tks rqe pkgrs gksog yks] dkWejsM ;s rqEgsa v©ipkfjd ewY; ls ikWp xquk egWaxk iMs+xkA^^ og esjs fy;s] dqN [kêk&dkykczsM v©j dqN vthc lh fn[kus okyh v©j [kjkc Lokn okyh] pVuh yk;hA og esjs ^^ihus ds** b'kkjksadks xyr le>h v©j esjs fy;s dqN ,slk lkeku ykbZ] ftls eq>s yxÒx mlh le;] mlh LFkku ij]NksM+uk iM+kA ,d pqLdh yh v©j eSaus lkspk fd eq>s tgj fn;kA ,d pqLdh gh dkQh Fkh ijUrq]efgyk osVj us eq>ls ikuh dk “h iSlk ys fy;k tcfd mlus ml foys is; (vile brew) dks lqM+dfy;k Fkk] ftlds fy;s eSaus mls bruk vf/kd “qxrku fd;k FkkA

tSls gh eSaus NksM+k] iqfyleSu esjh çrh{kk dj jgk FkkA tc eSa vkxs c<+k og lh<+h ij fxjiM+kA ^^viuh ihB ds Åij yns >ksys ds lkFk pyuk] ;g cgqr vfu;fer gS] dkWejsMA e>s vk'p;Zgksxk] ;fn eSa rqedks] ç'u iwNs tkus ds fy,] LVs'ku ij ughaa ys tkÅaWA dkWejsM] D;k eq>s viukdÙkZO; “qyk nsus ds fy,] rqEgkjs ikl ,d v©j Qkyrw ÄM+h gS \**

'kkafr ls] eSaus viuh tsc VVksyh] v©j rc eSaus ÄfM+;ksa esa ls ,d] mls ns nh] tks eSaus jsy esa lsyha FkhaA iqfyl okys us mls fy;k] ml ij utj ekjh] v©j dgk] ^^ekLdks& lh/ks vkxsA eq[; jkLrsdks NksM+ nsuk v©j rqe ,dne Bhd gks tkvksxsA** rc og eqMk v©j nwj pyk x;kA

eSa] mu iqfylokyksa ls cprk gqvk] tks ÄfM+;kWa ekWax ldrs Fks] ,d vPNk psgjk cuk;s gq,]cxy dh lM+dksa ij] iSj ÄlhV dj pyrk jgkA vius Loa; ds vuqÒo ls eq>s ,slk yxk fd :lhyksx ÄfM+;ksa ds fy, ej.kkard bPNk j[krs gSaA muesa ls dbZ] le; rd ughaa crk ldrs Fks] ijarq ;grF; ek= fd] muds ikl ÄfM+;kWa Fkha] mUgsa vutkus <ax ls larq"V j[krk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk FkkAyM+[kM+krk gqvk ,d {kh+.kdk; euq";] esjs lkeus vpkud fgyk v©j lM+d ds fdukjs cus ,d xVj esavius eWaqg ds cy tk fxjkA jkgxhjksa us mldh rjQ ,d utj “h ughaa fQjkbZ] ijarq vius jkLrs ijpyrs cusA tc ,d cw<+k vkneh] Bhd esjs ihNs cM+cM+k;k] eSaus ,slk fn[kk;k ekuks fd eSa] mldhrjQ tk jgk gWwa] ^^lko/kku] dkWejsM vutku] ;fn rqe mlds ikl tkvksxs rks iqfyl lkspsxh fd] rqemls ywV jgs gksA oSls “h] og ej x;k gSA “w[kk ejukA ,slk ;gkWa çfrfnu] lSdM+ksa ds lkFk gksrk gSA**

/kU;okn esa flj fgykrs gq,] eSa lh/kk pyrk pyk x;kA ^^;g cgqr [krjukd LFkku gS]** eSauslkspk] ^^gj ,d vkneh dk gkFk] vius lkFkh ds fo#) gksrs gq,A ;s blfy, gks ldrk gS fd]mudks jkg fn[kkus ds fy,] ;gkaW /keZ ughaa gSA**

ml jkr] eSa ,d u"V çk;% fxjtkÄj dh] VwVh&QwVh nhokj ds ihNs lks;kA lks;k] yxÒxrhu l© nwljs yksxksa ds lkFkA esjh ihB dk F©yk] esjk rfd;k Fkk v©j jkr esa] eSaus fdUgha fNi djvkus okys gkFkksa dks eglwl fd;k] tks mlds Qhrksa dks [kksyus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA ,d gksus okys

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pksj ds xys ds Åij] rst eqôs ds çgkj us mls gkaWQrk gqvk v©j ihNs dh rjQ pyrk dj fn;kv©j eq>s vkxs dksbZ ijs'kkuh ughaa gqbZA

pwafd :l esa] ljdkj gh dkyscktkj dks pykrh gS] çkr%dky] eSaus ljdkjh dkyscktkj ls[kkuk [kjhnk] v©j rc eSa vius jkLrs ij pyrk jgkA jsy ij] :fl;ksa us eq>s] i;ZVd fn[kus ds fy,v©j viuh xnZu esa ¼jsy ls fy;k gqvk½ ,d dSejk yVdkus ds fy, crk fn;k FkkA esjs ikl fQYeughaa Fkh] v©j mu fnuksa] eSa dSejs dks] ,d rjQ dks nwljh rjQ rd] eqf'dy ls gh igpkurk FkkA

'khÄz gh] eSaus Lo;a dks ekLdks ds] dqN vPNs “kx esa] og “kx] ftls ,d lkekU; i;ZVdns[krk gS] D;ksafd lkekU; i;ZVd] ^^eq[; –';ksa ds ihNs** ughaa ns[krk] &raxgkyh] xjhch v©j e`R;q] tks>qXxh&>ksifM+;ksa dh rjQ gksrh jgrh gSA ekLdks unh esjs lkeus Fkh] v©j dqN le; ds fy,]ykyp©d esa eqM+us ls igys] eSa blds fdukjs&fdukjs pyrk jgkA Øsefyu (Kremlin) us v©j ysfuu(Lenin) dh dcz us] eq>s fcYdqy “h çÒkfor ughaa fd;kA eSa iksVkyk dh “O; v©j pedhyh lqUnjrkdk vH;Lr FkkA Øsefyu esa ços'k ds lehi] QwgM+] mnkl] vknfe;ksa dk ,d NksVk lewg] ,sls fn[kusokys ekuks fd] mUgsa i'kqvksa dh rjg gkWad dj ;gkWa yk;k x;k gS] çrh{kk dj jgk FkkA likVs ls tkrhgqbZ rhu cM+h dkjsa “kxrh gqbZa p©d ds vkjikj] fudy xbZa v©j xfy;ksa ds pôj esa xk;c gks xbZaApwafd] yksx esjh fn'kk esa] fujk'kk ls ns[k jgs Fks] eSaus dSejs dks vk/kk mBk;kA vpkud eSaus] vius fljesa ls ,d “;kud nnZ mxrk gqvk vuqÒo fd;kA ,d {k.k ds fy, eq>s yxk fd] ,d bekjr esjsÅij fxj iM+hA eSa tehu ij fxjk] v©j dSejk esjs gkFkksa ls fxj dj pwj&pwj gks x;kA

Åij ls ns[kus okys larjh esjs flj ij [kM+s Fks( muesa ls ,d eq>s Øec) rjhds ls v©j“kouk ghu :i ls] eq>s vius iSjksa ij [kM+k djkus ds fy,] ilfy;ksa esa Bksdj ekj jgk FkkA eSa vk/kk“©pôk jg x;k] esjs fy, [kM+k jguk eqf'dy Fkk] blhfy, nks iqfylokys eq> rd igWqaps v©j mUgksauseq>s djhc vius iSjksa ij ÄlhV fn;kA mUgksaus esjs Åij loky nkxs] ijarq og bruh rsth ls v©j^^ekWLdks ds ygts** esa cksys fd] eSa ,d 'kCn “h ughaa le> ldkA var esa] ç'u iwNus ls Fkds gq, v©jdksbZ mÙkj u ikdj] os eq>s vius lkFk] vkxs yky p©d ys x;sA esjs gj rjQ ,d flikgh] v©j ,desjh jh<+ dh gìh ij nq[knk;h rjhds ls] cM+h fjoksYoj Äqlk, gq,] ,d flikgh esjs ihNsA

ge ,d [kjkc fn[kus okyh bekjr ij #ds] v©j ryÄj ds ,d njokts ls çfo"V gq,A eq>siRFkj dh lhf<+;ksa ds uhps] ,d NksVs dejs esa] cqjh rjg /kôk fn;k x;k& QSad nsuk vf/kd lgh 'kCngksxkA dejs dh nhoky ds ikl [kM+s gq, nks l'kL= flikfg;ksa ds lkFk] ,d vf/kdkjh est ij cSBkgqvk FkkA eq>s idM+us okys iqfyl ds flikfg;ksa esa ls cfj"B us] ml vf/kdkjh dks ,d yack lkLi"Vhdj.k çLrqr fd;k v©j esjk fiÎwcSx] mldh cxy ls Q'kZ ij j[k fn;kA vf/kdkjh us dqNfy[kk] tks Li"V:i ls esjh v©j esjs lkeku dh jlhn Fkh] v©j rc iqfyl okys eqM+s v©j eq>s NksM+x,A

[kjkc rjhds ls eq>s] ,d dkQh cM+s] nwljs dejs esa /kôk fn;k x;k v©j esjh nksuksa rjQdks ,d&,d l'kL= larjh j[krs gq,] ,d cgqr cM+h est ds lkeus] [kM+k j[kk x;kA dqN le; ckn]rhu vkneh vanj vk;s v©j est ij cSBs v©j mUgksaus esjs fiÎw cSx ds lkeku dks ns[kkA ,d uslgk;d dks cqykus ds fy, ÄaVh ctkbZ] v©j tc og Äqlk] :[ks funsZ'k nsrs gq,] esjk dSejk mls nsfn;kA og vkneh eqM+k v©j lko/kkuh ls ml vukØked dSejs dks ys tkrs gq, pyk x;k] ekuksfd ;s 'khÄz gh QVus okyk ,d ce gksA

os eq>ls yxkrkj ç'u iwNrs jgs] ftUgsa eSa ughaa le> ldkA var esa] mUgksaus ,d nqÒkf"k;s(interpreter) dks cqyk;k v©j rc rd] tc rd fd mUgsa og nqÒkf"k;k fey ughaa x;k] tks esjs lkFkckrphr dj ldrk] nwljksa dks cqyk;kA eq>ls] esjs diM+s mrjok fy, x;s v©j ,d MkWDVj us esjk

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ijh{k.k fd;kA esjs diM+ksa dh iwjh flykbZ;kWa tkWapha xbZa v©j muesa ls dqN] m/ksM+ dj [kksy nh xbZaAvar esa] esjs diM+s] de cVuksa] v©j twrksa ds Qhrksa ds lkFk] eq> ij VkWax fn;s x;sA ,d funsZ'k ijlqj{kk dfeZ;ksa us eq>s dejs ds ckgj [knsM+ fn;k] v©j og eq>s vius diM+s ys tkrs gq,] xfy;kjs dsikl pyrk x;kA vius iSjksa esa uens okys twrksa ls] mUgksaus dksbZ vkokt ughaa dh] u gha mUgksaus vkilesa ;k eq>ls dksbZ ckrphr dhA tSls gh ge 'kkar :i ls lkFk pys] ,d okLrfod [kwu tek nsusokyh ph[k mÒjh v©j 'kkar gok esa] dkairh gqbZ fxj xbZA eSa vuSfPNd :i ls /khek iM+ x;k] v©jlarjh esjs Åij] esjs da/kksa ds Åij] brus cy ds lkFk dwnk fd] eq>s yxk] mlus esjh xnZu dks rksM+fn;k gSA

var esa] ge ,d yky njokts ij #dsA ,d larjh us mldk rkyk [kksyk] v©j eq>s flj dscy] iRFkj dh rhu lhf<+;ksa ls uhps fxjus ds fy,] vanj dh vksj /kôk fn;kA dksBjh cgqr va/ksjhv©j lhyu “jh FkhA ogkWa Q'kZ ij nqxZa/k;qä pVkbZ;kWa iM+ha gqbZa Fkha] tks yxÒx ikWp QhV p©M+h v©jckjg QhV yach FkhaA bl ckr ij vk'p;Z djrs gq, fd] ekuo lekt esa] ,slh [kjkc çÑfr ds yksxD;ksa gSa] ,d yacs] vfuf'pr le; ds fy,] “w[kk] v©j“w[kk gksrs gq,] eSa ogkWa va/ksjs esa BgjkA

dkQh yacs varjky ds ckn] dM+oh dkyh cszM dk ,d cM+k VqdM+k v©j [kkjs ikuh dk ,dNksVk tx] eq>s fn;k x;kA 'kkar larjh us] rc eq>s ikuh ihus dk ladsr fd;kA eSaus ,d ÄwaV fy;kv©j mlus og ikuh] esjs gksBksa ds uhps ls [khap fy;k v©j Q'kZ ij yq<+dk fn;k] v©j ckgj pykx;kA njoktk osvkokt can gqvkA flok; dÒh&dÒh Mjkouh ph[kksa ds] ftudks rsth ls v©j fgaldrjhds ls nck fn;k tkrk Fkk] ogkWa dksbZ /ofu ughaa FkhA le; f[kldrk x;kA eSaus ml dM+oh dkyhcszM dks FkksM+k [kk;kA eSa “w[kk Fkk] eSa dqN “h [kk ldrk Fkk] ijarq ;g cszM cgqr Mjkouh Fkh! ;s bruhcncwnkj Fkh ekuks fd] bls fdlh eydqaM esa ls fudkyk x;k gksA

,d yacs le; ckn] brus yack fd] “; ds lkFk eq>s yxk fd eSa] iwjh rjg “wy pqdk Fkk]l'kL= j{kd] pqids ls esjh dksBjh esa vk;sA ,d 'kCn “h ughaa dgk x;k( mUgksaus eq>s vius lkFkpyus dk b'kkjk fd;kA dksbZ v©j pquko u gksus ds dkj.k eSaus ,slk fd;k] v©j “ze cuk;s j[kus dsØe esa] eq>s ;g çÒko nsus ds fy, fd] ge le;≤ ij] vius dneksa dks fQj ls igpku jgs Fks]ge varghu xfy;kjksa esa ls gks dj vkokjkxnhZ djrs jgsA var esa] eq>s ,d yacs dejs esa ys tk;kx;k] ftldh nhokj] ,d fljs ij pednkj lQsn iksrh xbZ FkhA cqjh rjg ls] larfj;ksa us esjh ckWagksadks] esjs ihNs ckaW/k fn;k] v©j eq>s lQsn nhokj dh rjQ eq[k djrs gq, Äqek fn;kA yacs {k.kksa ds fy,]dqN ughaa gqvk] rc cgqr 'kfä'kkyh] vR;f/kd rh[kh jks'kfu;kWa tykbZa xbZa] rkfd nhokj ls lQsnçdk'k ijkofrZr gks ldsA eSaus eglwl fd;k ekuks fd] esjh vkWa[kas can gksus ds ckotwn] esjh vkWa[kksa dsxksys >qyl x, gkasA larjh xgjs&xgjs jaxhu dkWap ds p'es yxk;s gq, FksA jks'kuh] ygjksa ds :i esaÄV&c<+ jgh FkhA çÒko ,slk Fkk ekuks fd] esjh vkWa[kksa esa lqbZ;kWa pqÒkbZ tk jgha gksaA

njoktk /khes ls [kqyk v©j can gks x;kA dqlhZ ds ÄlhVus dh v©j dkxtksa ds QM+QM+kus dhvkoktsa gqbZaA ,d uhph vkokt dk okrkZyki] ftls eSa le> ughaa ldkA rc canwd ds cV dh ekj] esjsda/kksa ds chp iM+h v©j ç'u iwNs tkuk 'kq: gqvkA esjs ikl dSejk D;ksa Fkk] ftlesa dksbZ fQYe ughaaFkh \ esjs ikl OykMhoksLVd esa rSukr lhekar larjh ds dkxtkr D;ksa FksA dSls \ D;ksa \ dc \ ÄaVksads ckn ÄaVksa rd] ogh ew[kZrk iw.kZ lokyA esjs flj esa QVrs gq,] nnZ dks nsrs gq,] jks'kuh tyrh xbZA;fn eSa ç'u dk mÙkj nsus ls euk djrk] rks canwd ds cV ls Bksdk tkrkA çR;sd nks ÄaVs ds ckn]dsoy dqN {k.kksa dk LFkxu fn;k tkrk] tcfd larjh v©j ç'u iwNus okys] u;s yksxksa }kjk cnystkrs( D;ksafd larjh “h] mu rh[kh jks'kfu;ksa ls] cqjh rjg Fkd tkrs FksA

tks varghu ÄaVs çrhr gq,] muds ckn] ijarq tks okLro esa] N% ls vf/kd ughaa gks ldrs Fks] eSa

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tehu ij csgks'k gksdj fxj iM+kA lqj{kk dfeZ;ksa us iwjh rjg ls “koukghu gks dj] vius uqdhyscksuVksa ls] eq>s dksapuk 'kq: fd;kA esjs fy;s] ihNs ca/ks gq, gkFkksa ds lkFk vius iSjksa ij laÄ"kZ djuk]dkQh eqf'dy Fkk] ijarq eSaus ckj&ckj fd;kA tc eSa csgks'k gks x;k rks xans rkykc ds ikuh dhckfYV;kaW esjs Åij QSadh xbZaA ÄaVksa&ÄaVksa rd ç'u iwNuk tkjh jgkA esjh Vkaxs lwtus yxhaA pwafd'kjhj ds rjy uhps dh vksj cg x, Fks] esjs ÄqVus] esjh tkaÄksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd eksVs gks x, Fksv©j ekal ikuh ls iwjh rjg “jk gqvk FkkA

ges'kk ogh ç'u] ges'kk ogh u`'kalrkA lkB ÄaVksa rd [kM+s jgukA lÙkj ÄaVksa rdA vcnqfu;kWa ,d yky ckM+ (red fence) Fkh] eSa vius iSjksa ij lc dqN Fkk] exj ejk gqvkA dksbZ [kkukughaa] dksbZ vkjke ughaa] dksbZ eksgyr ughaaA dsoy dqN uhan jksdus okyh nokbZ;kWa esjs eqWag esa tcjnLrhfiykbZa tkrha] ç'uA ç'uA ç'uA cgÙkj ÄaVs] v©j eSa vkxs ughaa lqu ldk] vkxs ughaa ns[k ldkA ç'u]jks'kfu;kWa] nnZ] lc ean iM+ x;k v©j rc iwjh rjg dkykiu Nk x;kA

rc vfuZfn"V (unspecified) le; O;rhr gqvk] v©j eq>s] viuh BaMh v©j likV ihB ij]nnZ Òjh psruk iqu% çkIr gqbZA nqxZa/k;qä dksBjh ds xhys Q'kZ ij pyuk d"Vnk;d Fkk] esjk ekalfytfytk vuqÒo dj jgk Fkk v©j esjh jh<+ dh gìh rFkk esjh ihB us eglwl fd;k ekuks fd] esjhjh<+ dh gìh VwVs gq, dkWap ls cuh FkhA ogkWa ;g fn[kkus ds fy, dksbZ vkokt ughaa Fkh fd] nwljs yksxftank Fks] jkr dks fnu ls vyx djus ds fy,] jks'kuh dh dksbZ >yd ughaa FkhA dqN ughaa] ijarqvuardky dk ,d nnZ] “w[k v©j I;klA var esa] tSls gh larjh us] [kkus dh ,d IysV] [kjkc rjhdsls] Q'kZ ij /kdsyh] çdk'k dh ,d fdj.k [kudhA blds cxy ls] ikuh dh ,d dêh] QwgM+iu lsNydkbZ xbZA njoktk can v©j ,d ckj fQj] eSa va/kdkj esa] vius fopkjksa esaA

dkQh ckn esa] larjh nqckjk vk;s] v©j eq>s ÄlhVk x;k& eSa ç'u iwNus okys dejs ds fy,py ughaa ldkA ogkaW eq>s cSBuk iM+k v©j viuk iwjk thou o`rkar fy[kuk iM+kA ikWap fnu rd oghpht gqbZA eq>s ,d dejs esa ys tk;k x;k] eq>s isafly dk ,d BawB v©j ,d dkxt fn;k x;k v©jvius laca/k esa gj pht fy[kus ds fy, dgk x;kA /khes&/khes LokLF; lq/kjrs gq,] rhu g¶rksa ds fy,eSa viuh dksBjh esa gh jgkA

,d ckj fQj] eq>s dejs esa ys tk;k x;k] tgkWa eSa rhu mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ds le{k [kM+kgqvkA ,d us] nwljksa dh rjQ ns[kkA mlus vius gkFk ds dkxt dh rjQ ns[kk] v©j crk;k fd]fdlh fuf'pr çÒko'kkyh O;fä us] vuq'kalk dh gSa fd] eSaus OykWMhoksLVd esa yksxksa dh enn dh gSAfdlh us çekf.kr fd;k gS fd] eSaus mldh yM+dh dh] tkikuh ;q)cafn;ksa ds f'kfoj esa ls “xkus esaenn dh FkhA

^^rqedks NksM+ fn;k tk;sxk]** vf/kdkjh us dgk] ^^v©j rqedks i©ysaM esa L=ht (Stryj) ys tk;ktk;sxkA ge ,d vknfe;ksa dh ,d VqdM+h ogkaW “st jgs gSaA rqe muds lkFk tkvksxsA**

dksBjh esa okilA bl ckj igys ls vPNh& vc rd] eq>s ;k=k ;ksX; cukus ds fy,] esjhrkdr dkQh c<+ xbZ FkhA var esa eSa] yqfc;kUdk (Lubianka) tsy] ekLdks ds }kj ls] if'pe dh vksjvius jkLrs ij tkus ds fy;s ckgj fudykA

46

v/;k; pkj

yqfc;kadk ds ckgj pkj lSfud çrh{kk dj jgs FksA tsy ds larjh us] ftlus eq>s [kqys njoktsls /kôk ekjk Fkk ,d dkxt vius ofj"B lSfud] uk;d dks fn;kA ^^;gkWa gLrk{kj djsa] dkejsM] ;sdgus dks dsoy vkidh çkfIr jlhn gS] ns'k ls fu"dkflr ,d O;fä dhA**fgpfdpkrs gq, viuk ukeÄlhVus ls igys] uk;d us vfu'p;iwoZd viuk flj [kqtyk;k] isafly dks eqWag esa Mkyk v©j viuhgFksyh dks vius isaV dh Vkaxksa ds Åij fÄlkA tsy dk larjh fcuk dqN 'kCn dgs okil eqM+ x;k]v©j yqfc;kadk dk njoktk iVkd ls can gks x;k & l©ÒkX;o'k bl ckj eSa blds ckgj FkkA

uk;d us esjh vksj R;kfsj;kWa p<+k dj ns[kkA ^^vc rqEgkjs ek/;e ls eq>s dkxt ij gLrk{kjdjus iM+sA dsoy ysfuu gh tkurk gS] D;k gksxk] eSa [kqn “h yqfc;kadk esa lekIr gks ldrk gWwaA vkvks]pyrs jgks!

uk;d us esjs lkeus viuk LFkku xzg.k fd;k] v©j mlds nksuksa rjQ ,d&,d lSfud FkkAeq>s ekWLdks dh xfy;ksa esa gksdj jsYos LVs'ku rd pyk;k x;kA esjs ikl ys tkus dks dqN ughaa FkkçR;sd pht tks esjh Fkh og esjs Åij Fkh] esjs diM+ksa dk lwVA diM+ksa ds vykok tks eSa okLro esaigus gq, Fkk] :fl;ksa us esjh ÄM+h] gj pht] esjk ihB dk cSx j[k fy;k FkkA v©j ;s diM+s \ “kjhtwrs] ftuesa ydM+h ds rys yxs gq, Fks] isaVsa v©j ,d tSfdVA blds vykok dqN ughaaA dksbZvaMjfo;j ughaa] dksbZ iSlk ughaa] dksbZ [kkuk ughaaA dqN ughaaA gkWa] dqN Fkk! esjh tsc esa ,d dkxt Fkk;g crkrs gq, fd] eq>s :l ls fu"dkflr fd;k x;k gS v©j eSa :l ds dCts okys teZuh ds fgLls esagks dj] tkus ds fy, Lora= Fkk] tgkWa eq>s fudVre iqfyl Fkkus dks bldh lwpuk nsuh pkfg,A

ge ekWLdks jsy LVs'ku ij cSBs v©j geus dM+drh lnhZ esa çrh{kk dhA ,d ds ckn ,dflikgh pyrs pys x, v©j y©Vs] ftlls fd] nwljk tk ldsA eSa iRFkj ds IysVQkeZ ij cSBk Fkk v©jdkai jgk FkkA eSa “w[kk FkkA eSa detksj v©j chekj gks x;k FkkA var esa dkQh nsj ckn ,d lktsZUVv©j yxÒx l© vkneh çdV gq,A lktsZaV us IysVQkeZ ds uhps ekpZ fd;k v©j esjh rjQ ,d fuxkgekjhA

^^D;k rqe mls ejus nsuk pkgrs gks \** og uk;d ij tksj ls fpYyk;kA ^^gesa mls yks(Lwow) ij ftUnk l©aiuk gSA ns[kks fd og [kkrk gS] xkM+h tkus ls igys gekjs ikl N% Ä.Vs gSaA**

uk;d v©j ,d lk/kkj.k lSfud] nksuksa us esjh ,d&,d ckag idM+h v©j eq>s vius iSjksa ijÄlhVkA lktsZaV us esjs psgjs dks ns[kk v©j dgk] ^^gWwa---A dksbZ cqjh rjg dk vkneh ughaa gSA ns[kks] rqegesa dksbZ d"V er nks v©j ge rqEgsa ughaa nsaxsA** mlus esjs dkxtksa dh rjQ] ftudks uk;d fy, gq,Fkk] ns[kkA ;s fuf'pr djrs gq, fd] mlds vknfe;ksa eas ls dksbZ “h bls lqu ikus dh nwjh esa ughaa Fkk]^^esjk “kbZ yqfc;kadk esa Fkk]** mlus dgkA ^^mlus dqN “h ughaa fd;kA mUgksaus mls lkbcsfj;k “stfn;kA vc eSa rqEgssa f[kykus ds fy, ys tkÅWaxkA vPNh rjg [kk yks] D;kasfd gekjs yks igWqapus ds ckn]rqe [kqn vius fy, ¼mÙkjnk;h½ gks tkvksxsA** og eqM+ dj x;k v©j nks uk;dksa dks cqyk yk;kA^^bldh ns[kÒky djks] ns[kks fd] ;s iwjk [kkuk v©j ikuh] tks “h ;s pkgrk gS ik tk,] bldks gesa]vPNh gkyr esa NksM+ dj tkuk gS ojuk dehlkj gels dgsxk fd] ge dSfn;ksa dks ekj nsrs gSaA

vlgk; lk gks dj] eSa nksuksa uk;dksa ds chp] lkFk esa pykA LVs'ku ds ckgj] [kkus ds ,dNksVs ls LFkku ij] ofj"B uk;d us] canxksÒh ds lwi ds cM+s dVksjksa ds fy,] v©j dkyh McyjksVh dhifê;ksa ds fy,] vkns'k fn;k ijarq] [kkuk cncwnkj v©j lM+k gqvk Fkk] ijarq eSaus mls vanj djus dhO;oLFkk dh] D;ksafd eSa dkQh “w[kk FkkA eSaus ml lwi ds ckjs esa lkspk] tks eq>s tkiku ds canh f'kfojksaesa feyrk Fkk] ftlesa tkikfu;ksa ds Fkwds gq,] fudkys gq,] VqdM+s iM+s jgrs Fks] v©j og [kkuk ftls og

47

NksM+ nsrs Fks] ,df=r djds mlls cafn;ksa ds fy, lwi cuk fn;k tkrk FkkA vius vanj [kkuk gksus ds lkFk] ge ¼LFkku½ NksM+us ds fy, rS;kj FksA ,d uk;d us v©j ,d

czsM v©j çkonk19 dh rhu çfr;ksa dk vkns'k fn;kA igys ;s lqfuf'pr djrs gq, fd] ge bl çfØ;kesa] LVkfyu ds fdlh fp= dk vuknj u djsa] geus czsM dks dkxtksa esa yisVk] v©j rc LVs'ku ijokil y©VsA

çrh{kk djuk “;kud FkkA iRFkj ds IysVQkeZ ij dM+drh BaM esa N% Ä.Vs cSBukA var esa gesa,d iqjkuh efj;y lh] “hM +“jh jsy ds vanj [knsM+ fn;k x;k] v©j dho (Kiev)20 dh rjQ “stfn;k x;kA ml jkr dks eq>s] [kjkZVs “jrs nks :lh lSfudksa ds chp fVd dj lksuk iM+kA ogkWa ge esals fdlh ds ysVus dh txg ughaa Fkh] ge ,dne cqjh rjg tes gq, FksA dM+h ydM+h dh cSapsa cgqrnq[knkbZ Fkha] v©j esjh bPNk Fkh fd eSa tehu ij] Q'kZ ij cSB ikrkA gj ckj] eSa tSls gh lksus dksgqvk] ,slk yxk fd] jsy us >Vdk [kk;k] og pjejkus okyh vkokt ds lkFk #dhA vxyh jkr dksdkQh nsj rd] dqN pkj l© vLlh ehy dh nwjh rd ;k=k djus ds ckn] ge dho ds f}rh; Js.khds LVs'ku ij mrkj fy, x,A ogkWa dkQh 'kksj 'kjkck v©j ph[k “jh vkoktsa Fkha] v©j ge jkr dkVusds fy, LFkkuh; cSjdksa esa tkus ds fy, pysA /kôk nsdj] eq>s ,d dksBjh esa Mky fn;k x;k v©j ,ddehlkj (commissar)21 v©j mlds lgk;dksa ds ços'k djus ds ckn] eSa dbZ Ä.Vksa ds ckn] uhan lsmBkA mUgksaus eq>ls loky iwNs] varghu loky] v©j os yxÒx nks ;k <kbZ Ä.Vs ckn] fQj ckgj pysx,A

lksus dh dksf'k'k djrs gq,] dqN le; ds fy, eSa mNyk v©j eqM+kA tcjnLr gkFkksa us ph[krsgq,] esjs xky ij rekpk ekjk] ^^mBks] mBks D;k rqe ej x, gks \ ;s [kkuk gSA tYnh djks & rqEgkjsikl] pyus ls igys] dsoy dqN fefuV gSaA**

[kkuk \ canxksÒh dk v©jT;knk lwi] v©jvf/kd dM+oh dkyh czsM v©j ihus ds fy, ikuhA eSauseky dks tYnh ls xVd fy;k v©j ;s Mjrk jgk fd] eq>s [kkuk [kRe djus ls igys gh tkuk iM+ldrk gSA mls xVd fy;k v©j çrh{kk dhA Ä.Vksa çrh{kk dhA ml 'kke dks nsj esa] nks lSfudiqfyl ds flikgh çfo"V gq,] eq>ls nqckjk] loky iwNs] ,d ckj v©j] esjh maxfy;ksa dh Nki yha v©jdgk] ^^ge foyac ls gSaA vc rqEgkjs ikl [kkuk [kkus ds fy, le; ughaa gSA jsy ds LVs'ku ij] rqEgsadqN pht fey ldrh gSaA**

lSfudksa dks ys tkus okys rhu okgu] cSjdksa ds ckgj] çrh{kk dj jgs FksA pkyhl lSfud v©jeSa] vfo'oluh; :i ls ,d esa Bwal&Bwal dj “j fn, x,] v©j ckdh cps nwljs] nks okguksa ij p<+x, v©j ge] [krjukd lM+d ij fgpdksys [kkrs gq,] LVs'ku ds fy, fonk gq,A bruk vf/kd Qalsgq, fd] eSa eqf'dy ls gh lkal ys ik jgk FkkA gekjs lSfud okgu dk Mªk;oj] ckdh nksuksa okguksa dksdkQh ihNs NksM+ nsus ds fy, ikxy yxrk FkkA mlus xkM+h dks ,sls pyk;k ekuks fd] lkE;okn ds

19 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ^çkonk]* dk vFkZ gS ^^lR;**A ;s :lh lektoknh ikVhZ dk vkf/kdkfjd ,oa yxÒx 1 djksM+ 10 yk[k çlkj la[;k okyk lokZf/kd çÒko'kkyhlekpkj i=] FkkA bldk çdk'ku 1912 esa :lh lkezkT; esa çkjaÒ gqvk vkSj ;g vDVwcj Økafar ds nkSjku] :l esa lokZf/kd 'kfä'kkyh gks dj mÒjkA 1912 ls 1991 rd ;g:l dh lkE;oknh ikVhZ dk eq[ki= jgk FkkA lksfo;r laÄ ds foÄVu ds ckn]] jk"Vªifr cksfjl ;syfRlu }kjk bls ^çkonk baVjus'kuy* uke ds ,d futh O;kikfjd laLFkkudks csp fn;k x;kA blds laoknnkrkvksa] deZpkfj;ksa ,oa ekfydksa ds chp >xM+s ds dkj.k] vc blds nks Òkx gks x;sA orZekku esa] :l dh lkE;oknh ikVhZ bldk eqfærlaLdj.k çdkf'kr djrh gS] tcfd vkWu ykbu laLdj.k Pravda. ru futh O;kikfjd laLFkku }kjk çdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gSA orZekku esa] bls :lh] vaxzsth] bVsfy;u] vkSjiqrZxkyh Òk"kkvksa esa Òh çdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gSA

20 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dho (Kiev)] mØsu (Ukraine) dh jkt/kkuh vkSj lcls cM+k 'kgj gS tks fMfuij (Dnieper) unh ds fdukjs ij fLFkr gS] ftldh vkoknhyxÒx 30 yk[k gS vFkkZr~ ;s ;wjksi egk}hi dk vkBoka lcls cM+k 'kgj gSA dho] iwohZ ;wjksi dk egRoiw.kZ vkS|ksfxd] oSKkfud] 'kS{kf.kd vkSj lkaL—frd dsUæ gSA ;gkWa dhlkoZtfud ;krk;kr lk/ku ç.kkyh vkSj vU; vko';d tehuh lqfo/kk,sa cgqr vPNh rjg ls fodflr gS] ftlesa dho esVªks Òh 'kkfey gSA lu~ 1240 esa eaxksfy;u vfrØe.kdh vof/k esa bls iwjh rjg ls u"V Òz"V dj fn;k x;k FkkA

21 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dehlkj (commisar) 'kCn] fo'ks"k:i ls :lh lkE;oknh jktuSfrd vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy;s rFkk dfeljh 'kCn] :lh ç'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa dsfy;s mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk FkkA vktdy lÒh lkE;oknh ns'kksa esa buds fy;s dehlkj 'kCn gh mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjä] turk ds dehlkj rFkk lsuk dsdehlkj Òh gksrs gSaA ;gkWa dehlkj dk vk'k;] lsuk ds dehlkj ls gS] tks lsuk ds {ks=h; dk;kZy; dk çeq[k gksrk gSA lu~ 1943 ls dehlkj dh rhu Jsf.k;kWa] 1]2]3 cuk nhx;ha Fkha] 1975 ds ckn ls budks rnuqlkj (corresponding) tujy ds inksa ls foLFkkfir dj fn;k x;k gSA

48

lÒh '©rku mlds ihNs iM+s gksaA lcds lc [kM+s gq, ge] ihNs ds fgLls esa fgyrs v©j >Vds [kkrsgq,] D;ksafd ihNs cSBus dh txg ughaa FkhA geus pky ds ikxyiu eas] lM+d ds lÒh jgL; [kksyfn,] mlesa tYnh&tYnh yxk, x, czsdksa dh cgqr d.kZÒsnh ph[ksa Fkha] v©j okgu cxy ls ljdrsx,A tc ge iRFkj dh ,d eksVh nhokj ds lkFk fÄls x,] esjs lkeus dh cxy (side)] fpaxkfj;ksa dsQqCckjs ds :i esa iSnk gqbZ jxM+ ds dkj.k] m[kM+ x;hA ph[k&iqdkj v©j dlesa] rFkk [kwu dk ,diôk leqæ] v©j eSaus Lo;a dks gok esa mM+rk gqvk ik;kA mM+rs gq,] eSa vius uhps] ml VwVs gq, okgudks] vc rsth ls vkx dh yiVksa esa tyrk gqvk ns[k ldrk FkkA fxjus v©j rsth ls Vdjkus dk ,dvglkl] v©j ,dne va/ksjkA

^^yksclkax! ,d vfr fç; vkokt us dgk] esjs f'k{kd] ykek feaX;kj M©aMqi dh vkoktA ^^rqecgqr chekj gks] yksclkax] rqEgkjk 'kjhj tehu ij 'kkar iM+k gS] ijarq ge rqEgsa ;gkWa] vkdk'kh; fLFkfresa] fo'o ds ijs ns[k jgs gSaA ge rqEgsa enn djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSa] D;ksafd i`Foh ij vÒhrqEgkjk dke iwjk ughaa gqvk gSA**

feaX;kj M©aMqi \ gkL;kLin! og igys gh /kks[ksckt lkE;okfn;ksa ds }kjk] tc os frCcresa] ,d 'kkafriw.kZ fLFkfr dh O;oLFkk djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs Fks] ekjs tk pqds gSaA tc muds ÅijihB ihNs ls geyk fd;k x;k Fkk] eSaus muds “;kud Äkoksa dks ns[kk gSA ijarq okLro esa] tc ogLoxhZ; {ks=ksa dks pys x, Fks] rc ls eSaus mUgsa dbZ ckj ns[kk gSA

çdk'k us esjh can vkWa[kksa dks Äk;y fd;kA eSaus lkspk fd] eSa vÒh “h nqckjk] yqfc;adk(Lubianka) tsy esa nhokj ds lkeus [kM+k gWwa] v©j os lSfud eq>s da/kksa ls idM+saxs v©j canwdksa ds cVksals ekjsaxsA ijarq ;s çdk'k nwljh rjg dk Fkk] blus esjh vkaW[kksa dks Äk;y ughaa fd;k( ;s fopkjksadk ,d la;ksx gks ldrk gS] eSaus vkyL;iw.kZ rjhds ls lkspkA

^^yksclkax] viuh vkaW[ksa [kksyks v©j eq>s ns[kks!** esjs f'k{kd dh n;kiw.kZ] n;kyq vkokt us eq>sxjek fn;k v©j esjh vkRek esa ls] vkuan dk ,d vuqÒo eq>s çsf"kr fd;kA eSaus viuh vkaW[ksa [kksyhav©j vius vklikl ns[kkA eSaus ykek dks vius Åij >qdrs gq, ns[kkA og igys ls vPNs fn[kkbZ nsjgs Fks] tc eSaus mUgsa dÒh i`Foh ij ns[kk FkkA mudk psgjk vk;q ls vçÒkfor fn[kkbZ fn;k] fcukfdlh fpUg ds] tks i`Foh ds yksxksa esa gksrs gSa] mudk çÒkeaMy 'kq)re jaxksa dk FkkA mudh dslfj;kiks'kkd] i`Foh ds fdlh inkFkZ dh ughaa Fkh] ;s fuf'pr :i ls ped jgh Fkh ekuks fd vius [kqn dsthou ls O;kIr gksA og esjs Åij eqLdqjk;s v©j mUgksaus dgk] ^^esjs cspkjs yksclkax] vkneh ds çfrvkneh dh vekuoh;rk okLro esa] rqEgkjs ekeys esa mnkgj.k ds :i esa çLrqr gqbZ gS] D;ksafd rqe dbZckj ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gksrs gq, ftUnk jgs gks] ftlesa dbZ nwljs yksx] dbZ ckj ej pqds gksrs**rqe ;gkaW FkksM+k vkjke djus ds fy, gks yksclkaxA ;gkaW ge] ftls ge lqugjs çdk'k dk ns'k dgrs gSa]esa iqutZUe ysus dh fLFkfr ls gVs gq, gSa] ijs gSaA ;gkWa ge] dsoy ogh ughaa] ftls ge i`Foh dgrs gSaofYd fofÒé yksdksa ds yksxksa dks enn djus ds fy, dke djrs gSaA rqEgkjh vkRek fÄl xbZ gS v©jrqEgkjk 'kjhj VwV&QwV x;k gSA gesa rqEgkjk lq/kkj djuk gksxk] yksclkax] D;ksafd dke dks iwjk fd;ktkuk gS] v©j rqEgkjs cnys esa dksbZ nwljk vkneh] bl dke dks djus ds fy, ¼miyC/k½ ughaa gSA**

eSaus [kqn ds vklikl ns[kk v©j ns[kk fd] eSa vLirky tSls yxus okys LFkku esa FkkA tgkWa lseSa] ysVs&ysVs] FkksM+h nwjh ij fLFkr iwjh lqanj m|ku Òwfe dks rFkk pjrs gq, ;k [ksyrs gq, tkuojksa dksns[k ldrk FkkA ogkWa fgj.k v©j flag Fks v©j ;s lÒh tkuoj] i`Foh ij] ,d LFkku ij ughaa jg ldrsFks] ;s lÒh nksLr Fks v©j lcds lc ,d gh ifjokj ds lnL; tSls fn[krs FksA

,d ddZ'k ftag~ok us esjs lh/ks gkFk dks pkVk] tks fcLrj ds cxy ls <hys <hys yVd jghFkhA tc eSaus ns[kk] eSaus vius igys fe=ksa esa ls ,d] pkdiksjh dh ,d cM+h larjh fcYyh] 'kk&yw

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(Sha-lu) dks ns[kk] mlus eq>s vkWa[k ekjh] v©j tc mlus dgk] ^^vkg esjs nksLr yksclkax] eSa rqEgsabl FkksM+h lh nsj ds fy, “h] nqckjk ns[kdj çlé gwWa] eSaus eglwl fd;k fd] esjs iwjs 'kjhj ds vanjjksekap 'kq: gqvkA ;gkWa ls NksM+ dj tkus ds ckn] rqe FkksM+s le; ds fy, i`Foh ij okil y©Vksxsv©j rc dqN FkksM+s ls de lkyksa esa] ges'kk&ges'kk ds fy,] rqe gekjs ikl y©V vkvksxsA**

ckrsa djus okyh fcYyh \ nwjkuqÒwfr ls lEié fcYyh ckr djrh gS v©j iwjh rjg le>rh gS];s eSa vPNh rjg tkurk Fkk] ijarq ;s fcYyh okLro esa] 'kCn cksyrh Fkh] ek= nwjkuqÒwfrd lans'k ughaaAtksj dh nch&nch galh us] eq>s vius f'k{kd ykek feaX;kj M©aMqi dks ns[kus ds fy, ck/; fd;kA og[kqn gh vkuafnr gks jgs Fks] okLro esa & esjh dher ij] eSaus viuh [kksiM+h dks fQj ls pqÒrk gqvkeglwl fd;k( 'kk&yw vius ihNs dh Vkaxksa ij fcLrj ds lgkjs [kM+k gqvk Fkk] mldh dksgfu;kWa esjscxy esa fVdh gqbZa FkhaA mlus v©j ykek us] esjh rjQ v©j fQj] ,d nwljs dh rjQ] ns[kkA nksukasnch&nch galh galus yxs] v©j eSa 'kiFk [kkrk gWwa] nksukas nch&nch gaWlh gWalus yxsA

^^yksclkax esjs f'k{kd us dgk]** rqe tkurs gks fd] eR;q dqN ughaa gksrh gS] rqe tkurs gks fd]rFkkdfFkr ^^e`R;q** ls i`Foh dks NksM+ nsus ds ckn] vkRek ml ry ij igWqaprh gS] tgkWa 'kjhj ds nqckjktUe ysus ds igys] tks mldks nwljs ikBksa dks lh[kus ds fy;s v©j vius vkidks Åij dh rjQméfr djus ds fy,] lh[kus dk volj çnku djrk gS] og dqN le; ds fy,] foJke djrh gSA;gkaW ge ml ry ij gSa] tgkWa ls iqutZUe ughaa gksrkA tSlk rqe gesa vÒh ns[k jgs gks] ge lkeatL;esa] 'kkafr esa] v©j bl {kerk ds lkFk fd] ftls rqe ^^vfrfof'k"V vkdk'kh; xeu** dgrs gks] gefdlh “h le;] dgha “h] tk ldrs gSa] jgrs gSaA ;gkWa i'kq v©j ekuo] v©j nwljh çtkfr;kWa “h] ,dnwljs ds lkFk] nwjkuqÒwfr ls ckrphr djrs gSaA tc ge utnhd gksrs gSa] rc cksyh dk] v©j tc genwj gksrs gSa rks nwjkuqÒwfr dk] mi;ksx djrs gSaA**

dghsa nwj] eq>s ,d enq laxhr lqukbZ ns jgk Fkk] laxhr ftls eSa le> ldrk FkkA pkdiksjhesa] esjs laxhr f'k{kd us] esjh xkus dh ;k laxhr ctkus dh bl vlQyrk ij vkWalw cgk, FksA mudsfny vc çlé gks x, gksaxs] eSaus lkspk] ;fn os eq>s bl laxhr dk vkuan ysrs gq, ns[k ldsaA vkdk'kds pednkj jaxksa ds ikj] laxhr ekuks fd] lewg esa ygjk jgk FkkA pVdnkj vkdk'k esa ekuks fd]laxhr ds lkFk] jax eaMjk v©j ygjk jgs FksA ;gkWa] bl “O; ifj–'; esa gjs] v©jT;knk gjs Fks] v©jikuh] v©jT;knk uhykA ;gkWa dksbZ “h isM+] chekjh ds dkj.k xkaBnkj ;k eqM+k gqvk ughaa Fkk] v©j dksbZiÙkh muls vfÒ'kIr ughaa FkhA ;gkaW dsoy iw.kZrk FkhA iw.kZrk \ rks eSa ;gkWa D;k dj jgk Fkk \ tSlkfd eSa vPNh rjg tkurk Fkk] ihfM+r eSa] bl iw.kZrk ls dkQh nwj FkkA

^^rqeus vPNh yM+kbZ yM+h gS] yksclkax] v©j rqe ;gkWa jkf= ds va/kdkj ds lkFk] Nqêh ds fy,v©j lkgl c<+k, tkus ds fy, ¼mifLFkr½ gksA** esjs f'k{kd vk'khokZn nsrs gq, eqLdqjk;s] tc mUgksaus,slk dgkA

eSa ihB ij ysVk v©j rc Mjrs gq, 'kq: gqvk] ^^esjk 'kjhj] esjh i`Foh dk 'kjhj dgkWa gS \** ^^#dks] yksclkax] #dks]** ykek us tokc fn;kA ^^vkjke djks v©j tc rqEgkjh rkdr dkQh

c<+ tk,xh] ge rqEgsa v©j vf/kd fn[kk;saxsA /khes&/khes] dejs dh jks'kuh] lqugjh ihys ls] 'kkafriw.kZ uhyh cSaxuh ckM++ (haze) dh rjQ ean

gqbZA eSaus] ,d BaMs] 'kfä'kkyh gkFk dkss vius ekFks ij] v©j ,d eqyk;e ckyksa “js tcM+s dks viusnka, gkFk dh gFksyh esa] fVdk gqvk eglwl fd;k] v©j eq>s blls vf/kd dqN ughaa ekyweA

eSaus LoIu ns[kk fd] eSa iqu% i`Foh ij gWwa] eSaus uhps dh vksj “kouk ghu VdVdh yxkbZ]tcfd] tyh gqbZ yk'kksa v©j muds VqdM+ksa dks [khaprs gq, :lh lSfud] ml [kjkc ls lSfud okgudh vksj c<s+A Åij ns[krs gq,] eSaus ,d vkneh dks v©j ,d fcUnq dks ns[kkA v©j tSlk eSaus ns[kk]

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mlds gkoÒko ds mÙkj esa] flj Åij dh rjQ eqM+s x, FksA ogkWa esjk 'kjhj] ,d ÅaWph nhokj dsrjQ] yM+[kM+krk gqvk iM+k FkkA eSaus ns[kk fd] tc esjk 'kjhj ml nhokj ij ls gVk;k tk jgk Fkkv©j mls ,d ,Ecqyasl esa j[kk tk jgk Fkk] esjs eqaWg v©j udqvksa ls [kwu cg jgk FkkA tSls gh dkjvLirky dh rjQ pyh] eSa Åij mNyk v©j eSaus lc dqN ns[kkA esjk jtr&rarq lgh lyker Fkk]eSaus tkaWpk( ;s ÄkVh esa lqcg ds uhys dqgkls dh rjg ls] ped jgk FkkA

fo'ks"k:i ls lko/kku u jgrs gq,] :lh u©djksa us LVªspj dks [khapkA /kôk nsrs gq,] os mls'kY; fpfdRlk d{k eas ys x, v©j mUgksaus esjs 'kjhj dks] est ds Åij yq<+dk fn;kA ulksZa us esjs [kwuds /kCcs yxs diM+ksa dks dkVk v©j mUgsa dpjs dh ,d Vksdjh esa QSad fn;kA ,d ,Dljs bdkbZ us esjsQksVksxzkQ fy, v©j eSaus ns[kk fd] esjh ilfy;ksa dh rhu gfì;kWa VwV xbZa gSa vkSj muesa ls ,d] esjscka, QsQM+s esa Nsn djrh gqbZ] vanj Äql xbZ gSA esjh ckabZ “qtk] nks LFkkuksa ij VwVh Fkh v©j esjh ok;haVkWax fQj ls ÄqVuksa v©j V[kuksa ij VwV xbZ FkhA lSfudksa ds cksuV ds VwVs gq, fljs] ,d çeq[k /keuhdks FkksM+k pqdkrs gq,] esjs cka, da/ksa esa vanj Äql x, FksA ;s vk'p;Z djrs gq, fd] çkjaÒ dgkWa ls fd;ktk,] efgyk 'kY; fpfdRld us tksj ls vkg “jhA eSaus [kqn dks] vkWijs'ku dh est ds Åij] rSjrkgqvk] Äwerk gqvk] tkaWprk gqvk eglwl fd;k] fd D;k mudh n{krk eq>s laÒkyus ds fy,] i;kZIrgksxhA esjs jtr rarq ds Åij ,d gYdk lk f[kapko çrhr gqvk] v©j eSaus vius vkidks Nr ds uhpsrSjrk gqvk ik;kA okMZ esa ls xqtjrs gq,] eSaus nwljs ejhtksa dks] vius fcLrjksa esa v©j Åij ns[kkAczãk.M esa ckgj dh vksj] vlhe çkjaÒ dh vksj] vkdk'kh; ;k=k ls ijs] bZFkj ds Lrj esa] Lrj ds cknLrj] tc rd fd eSa] ^^ml Lof.kZe çdk'k ds ns'k esa** nqckjk ughaa igWqap x;k] eSa v©j nwj rd] Åijpyrk pyk x;kA

eSaus ml cSaxuh dqgkals esa vkjikj >kWaduk çkjaÒ fd;kA ^^og y©V vk;k gS]** ,d uje vkoktus dgk v©j rc dqgkls us ihNs gVrs gq,] eq>s ml “O; çdk'k dh vksj] fQj ls jkLrk nsuk 'kq:fd;kA esjs f'k{kd] ykek feaX;kj M©aMqi] uhps ns[krs gq, esjs cxy esa [kM+s FksA gYds ls nqykj djrsgq,] 'kk&yw esjs fcLrj ds cxy esa ysVk gqvk FkkA nks nwljs mPp O;fäRo dejs esa FksA tc eSaus mUgsans[kk] os f[kM+dh ls ckgj dh vksj] vius ls dbZ QhV uhps pyus okys yksxksa dks] lko/kkuhiwoZd ns[kjgs FksA

esjs /kd jg tkus ij] os vk'p;Z ds lkFk eqM+s v©j esjs Åij eqLdjk;sA ^^rqe brus vf/kdchekj jgs gks]** ,d us dgk] ^^gedks Mj Fkk fd rqEgkjk 'kjhj ;s lc ughaa >sy ik,xkA**

nwljs us] ftls eSa] mldh vlk/kkj.k fLFkfr] tks mlus i`Foh ij cuk j[kh Fkh] ds ckotwnvPNh rjg tkurk Fkk] esjs gkFkksa dks vius gkFkksa ds chp fy;kA ^^rqeus cgqr T;knk >syk gS]yksclkaxA rqEgkjs fy,] lalkj cgqr vf/kd funZ;h jgk gSA rqeus blds Åij ckrphr dh v©j eglwlfd;k fd] rqe vius vkidks blls gVk ysuk pkgrs gksA ;fn rqe blesa tkjh j[kks rks rqEgkjs fy, v©jvf/kd ijs'kkfu;kWa gksaxhA rqe vius 'kjhj dks vÒh R;kx ldrs gks v©j ges'kk ds fy, ;gkWa jg ldrsgksA D;k rqe ,slk djuk pkgksxs \**

esjk fny] esjs vanj mNy dwn djus yxkA dqy feyk dj] esjh rdyhQksa ds ckn 'kkafrAihM+k] ijarq ftls] dsoy esjs dfBu v©j fo'ks"k çf'k{k.k ds dkj.k >syuk vU;Fkk esjs thou dk dkQhigys var gks x;k gksrkA fo'ks"k çf'k{k.kA gkWa] fdlds fy, \ rkfd eSa nwljs yksxksa dk çÒkeaMy ns[kldWwa] rkfd eSa] çÒkeaMy ds 'kks/kdk;ksZa dh fn'kk esa] fopkjksa dks çÒkfor dj ldWwaA v©j ;fn eSaus NksM+fn;k rks& bl dke dks d©u tkjh j[ksxk \ ^^nqfu;kWa rqEgkjs fy, cgqr funZ;h jgh gSA ;fn rqe vÒhNksM+ nks] rks rqEgkjh dksbZ cnukeh ughaa gksxhA** eq>s ;gkWa lko/kkuh iwoZd fopkj djuk pkfg,A nwljksals dksbZ cnukeh ughaa&] ijarq iwjh 'kk'orrk esa gks dj] eq>s viuh varjkRek ds lkFk ftUnk jguk

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iM+sxkA thou D;k Fkk \ dsoy dqN o"kksZa ds fy, d"V] dqN ijs'kkfu;ksa ds dsoy vxys dqN o"kZ]dBksjrk ds dqN v©j lky] ;kruk] xyrQgfe;kaW] rc] c'krsZa eSa ;g lc dj ik;k] tks eSa dj ldrkFkk] esjh varjkRek ges'kk ds fy, 'kkafr esa jgsxhA

^^vknj.kh; Jheku~]** eSaus tokc fn;k] ^^vkius eq>s pquko dk volj fn;k gS] tc rd esjk'kjhj lkFk nsrk gS] eSa rc rd lsok d:WaxkA bl le; ;s cgqr detksj gks x;k gS** eSaus tksM+kAvuqeksnu dh vkuane;h eqLdkuksa us] bdÎs gq, yksxksa ds chp 'kkyw us] tksj ls nqykj fd;k v©j eq>sI;kj ls [ksyrs gq, dksey lk dkVkA

^^bu dBksjrkvksa ds chp] rqEgkjk i`Foh dk 'kjhj] tSlk rqe dgrs gks] 'kkspuh; voLFkk esa gS]çcq) vkneh us dgkA ^^rqe vafre fu.kZ; yks] mlls igys gesa] rqedks ;g crk nsuk pkfg, fd]baXysaM ds ns'k esa geus ,d 'kjhj dks <wa<+ fy;k gS] ftldk ekfyd mls NksM+us ds fy, cgqr mRlqdgSA vk/kkj:i ls mldk çÒkeaMy] rqEgkjs tSlk gSA ckn esa] ;fn gkykrksa dks ,slh vko';drk gqbZ]rqe mlds 'kjhj esa ços'k dj ldrs gksA**

eSa yxÒx Mj ds ekjs fcLrj ls fxj x;kA eSa fdlh nwljs ds 'kjhj dks ywW \ esjs f'k{kd gWals]^^yksclkax] rqEgkjk lkjk çf'k{k.k vc dgkW x;k \ ;s Bhd nwljs dh iks'kkd ysus tSlk gS] v©j lkrlky xqtj tkus ds ckn] 'kjhj rqEgkjk gks tk;sxk] Bhd mlh xwFk ds fu'kku ds lkFk] ftlds lkFkrqe brus vf/kd layXu gks] mldk ,d&,d v.kq rqEgkjk gksxkA igyh utj esa] ;s FkksM+k vtuchyxsxk] tSls fd rqEgsa igyh ckj] if'peh diM+s iguus esa yxk FkkA yksclkax] eSa bls vPNh rjg ;knj[krk gwWA

fo}ku vkneh nqckjk fQj ls cksyk] ^êsjs yksclkax] ;s rqEgkjk viuk pquko gksxkA rqe viuhLi"V psruk ds lkFk] vius 'kjhj dks NksM+ ldrs gks v©j ;gkW jg ldrs gks ijUrq] ;fn rqe i`Foh ijy©Vrs gks] D;ksafd 'kjhjksa dks cnyus dk le; vÒh vk;k ughaa gS] blls igys fd rqe fu.kZ; djks] eSarqEgs crk nwW fd ;fn rqe y©Vrs gks] rqe ijs'kkfu;ksa esa okfil y©VksxsA xyrQgfe;kWa v©j vfo'okl]okLrfod Ä.kk] D;ksafd cqjkb;ksa dk cy] ml lcdks jksdrk gS] tks ekuo ds vkfRed fodkl ds fy;svPNk gSA rqEgkjs vklikl cqjkb;ksa dk cy gksxk] ftlds lkFk larq"V jguk gksxkA^^

^êsjk eu cu x;k gS]^^ eSaus tcko fn;kA ^^vkius eq>s esjk pquko fn;k gSA eSa rc rd blstkjh j[kwWxk tc rd fd] esjk dke ughaa gks tkrk gS] v©j ;fn eq>s nwljk 'kjhj ysuk gh iM+k] rkseSa ,slk “h d:WxkA^^

xaÒhj uhan us esjs Åij vkØe.k fd;kA esjs iwjs ç;kl ds ckotwn] esjh vkW[ksa can gks xbZaA–'; gYdk iM+ x;k v©j eSa csgks'k gks x;kA

nqfu;kWa eq>s Äwerh utj vkbZA esjs dkuksa esa tksj&tksj dh vkoktsa] v©j vkoktksa dh ÄV c<+vk;hA fdlh rjhds ls] ftldh eSa O;k[;k ughaa dj ldrk] eSaus Lo;a dks cka/kk gqvk eglwl fd;kAD;k eSa fQj ls tsy esa Fkk \ D;k eq>s tkikfu;ksa us idM+ fy;k \ D;k :l esa gks dj esjh ;k=kLoIu Fkh \ D;k eSa okLro esa ^^Lof.kZe çdk'k ds ns'k dks ^ x;k Fkk \

^ôg vk jgk gS] fdlh “©aFkjh vkokt us dgk] ^^,s mBks txks!^^ fdlh us fpYyk dj esjs dkuesa dgkA muhansiu lss] eSaus viuh nq[krh vkW[kksa dks [kksykA ,d :lh v©jr R;©fj;kWa p<+k dj eq>s Äwjjgh FkhA mlds cxy ls] ,d eksVh efgyk fpfdRld] iFkjkbZ gqbZ fuxkg ls] okMZ esa Äwe jgh FkhAokMZ \ nwljs 'kk;n pkyhl ;k ipkl yksxksa ds chp] eSa ,d okMZ esa FkkA rÒh nnZ 'kq: gqvkA esjk'kjhj] tyrs gq, nnZ ds lkFk] ftUnk gks x;kA lkWl ysuk dfBu FkkA eSa py ughaa ldkA

^^vksg og dj ysxk]^^ iFkjhys psgjs okyh MkWDVj us dgk tSls gh og] v©j ns[kÒky djusokyh ulZ] cksyh v©j pyh xbZA vius ckabZ vksj nnZ jgus ds dkj.k] eSa gkWQrs gq,] rsth ls NksVh

52

lkal ysrs gq,] ysVk jgkA ;gkW dksbZ nnZ fuokjd nok,sa ughaa FkhaA ;gkW gj dksbZ viuh bPNkuqlkj]ftUnk jgrk gS ;k ej tkrk gSA ;gkWa dksbZ fdlh nwljs dh lgkuqÒwfr] ;k ihM+k ls fdlh çdkjvkjke] u rks mEehn djrk gS v©j u gh ik ldrk gSA

eksVh ulsZa] vius otu ds dkj.k] iSj ÄlhVrh gqbZa] fcLrj dks fgykrh v©j dqpyrh gqbZa pyjgha FkhaA gj lqcg] nwljksa dh nwljh vko';drkvksa ds fy;s] ifê;ksa dks QkMrh gqbZ v©j mUgsa nwljksa lscnyrh gqbZ laosnukghu maaxqfy;kWA fdlh dks mu chekjksa ds vPNs dk;ksZ ds Åij fuÒZj jguk gksrkFkk] tks lg;ksxh v©j bPNqd gksaA

eSa ogkW] esMhdy LVkQ v©j ulksZ ds }kjk yxÒx misf{kr] tc os esjh vko';drkvksa ds Åij/;ku ughaa djrs ;k ughaa dj ldrs] eSa nwljs chekjksa ls tks enn ik ldrk Fkk] mls ikrs gq, v©jihM+k >syrs gq,] nks g¶rksa rd iM+k jgkA nks g¶rkas dh lekfIr ij] og iRFkj tSls psgjs okyh MkWDVj]ml eksVh ulZ ds lkFk vk;hA mUgksaus esjs ok,sa gkFk v©j ckabZ Vkax ds IykLVj dks] “ís rjhds lsrksM+kA eSaus blls igys] fdlh chekj dk] ,slk bykt gksrs gq, ughaa ns[kk Fkk] v©j tc eSaus fxjus dsfpUg çnf'kZr fd;s] rks cyoku fu"Bkoku ulZ us esjh [kjkc ok;ha ckWag dks lgkjk fn;kA

vxys lIrkg eSa] vklikl] ejhtksa dh ftruh vPNh enn ldrk Fkk djrs gq,] yaxM+krk gqvkpykA eq>s] dqy feyk dj ,d dEcy iguuk iM+rk Fkk v©j eq>s vk'p;Z Fkk fd] eq>s diM+s dSlsfeysaxsA esjs vLirky esa #dus ds ckbZlosa fnu] okMZ esa iqfyl ds nks flikgh vk;sA esjs dEcy dksmÄkM+rs gq, mUgksaus diM+ksa dk lwV esjh rjQ Qsadk] v©j tksj ls fpYyk;s] ^^tYnh djks] rqe ns'k lsfu"dkflr gksus tk jgs gksA rqedksa rhu g¶rs igys pys tkuk pkfg;s FkkA^^

^îjUrq eSa dSls tk ldrk Fkk] tcfd eSa csgks'k Fkk v©j esjh blesa dksbZ xyrh ughaa Fkh \^êSaus cgl dhA bldk mÙkj] psgjs ij dsoy ,d rekpk FkkA iqfyl ds nwljs flikgh us vius [kksy esals fjokWYoj dks] fn[kkrs gq, <hyk fd;kA mUgksaus eq>s lhf<+;ksa ij tYnh ls <dsyk v©j jktuSfrddehlkj] ds dk;kZy; esa ys x;sA

^^tc rqedks nkf[ky fd;k x;k Fkk] rc rqeus gesa ughaa crk;k Fkk fd] rqedks ns'k lsfu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gS]^^ mlus xqLls ls dgkA ^^rqeus cgkusokth ls bykt djk;k gS v©j rqedksbldk [kpkZ nsuk gksxkA^^

^^dkWejsM dehlkj]^^ eSaus tcko fn;k] ^êq>s ;gkW csgk'kh esa yk;k x;k Fkk] v©j esjs lÒh t[e:lh lSfud ds xyr xkM+h pykus ds dkj.k gq, FksA eSaus blds ek/;e ls] dkQh uqdlku v©j cgqrnnZ >syk gSA^^

dehlkj us fopkjeXu gksdj viuh Bks<+h dks BksdkA ^^gqEeeee----]^^ mlus dgk] ^^;fn rqecsgks'k Fks] rks rqe bl lc dks dSls tkurs gks \ eSa bl ekeys dks ns[kwWxkA^^ og iqfyl ds flikgh dhvksj eqM+k v©j mlls dgk] ^^bls ys tkvks v©j vius iqfyl Fkkus esa] dksBjh esa j[kks tc rd fd] rqeeq>s lqu u yksA^^

,d ckj fQj] eq>s fxj¶rkj fd;s x;s vkneh dh rjg ls] “hM+ “jh xfy;ksa esa ls gks dj ystk;k x;kA iqfyl Fkkus esa ,d ckj fQj esjh mWxfy;ksa dh Nkisa yha xbZa v©j eq>s tehu ds uhps]dkQh xgjkbZ esa cuh] dksBjh esa ys tk;k x;kA yEcs le; rd dqN ughaa gqvk] v©j rc ,d larjhesjs fy;s cUnxksÒh dk lwi] dkyh czsM v©j dqN cktwQy ds chtksa ls cuh la'ysf"kr dkWQh(synthetic acorn coffee) yk;kA xfy;kjs esa iwjs le; ds fy;s] cÙkh tyh gqbZ j[kh xbZ] v©j jkrdks] fdlh “h çdkj] fnu ls vyx dgus dk] v©j Ä.Vksa ds xqtj tkus dk irk djus dk] dksbZrjhdk ughaa FkkA var esa] eq>s ,d dejs esa ys tk;k x;k] tgkW ,d dBksj vkneh us vius dkxtksa dksVVksyk v©j vius p'es esa ls gks dj eq>s ÄwjkA

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^^rqEgas nks"kh ik;k x;k gS]^^ mlus dgk] ^^tc rqEgsa ns'k ls ckgj fudkyus dh ltk lquk nhxbZ Fkh] rqEgsa mlds ckn “h :l esa jgus dk nks"kh ik;k x;k gSA lR; gS] rqe ,d nqÄZVuk esa Qalx;s Fks] tks rqEgkjh [kqn dh] dh gqbZ ughaa Fkh ijUrq] tSls gh rqe gks'k esa vk;s] rqedks rqjUr gkWLihVyds dehlkj dk /;ku] viuh fLFkfr ds Åij] vkdf"kZr djuk pkfg;s FkkA rqEgkjs bykt esa] :l dkscgqr [kpZ djuk iM+k gS]^^ og dgrk x;k] ^^ijUrq :l n;kyq gSA rqe] vius bykt esa [kpZ gksus okys“qxrku esa enn djus ds fy;s] i©ysaM dh lM+dksa ij] ckjg eghuksa ds fy;s dke djksxsA^^

^^ijUrq vkidks eq>s “qxrku djuk pkfg;s]^^ eSaus xeZ gks dj mÙkj fn;kA :lh lSfud dhxyrh dh otg ls] eSa cqjh rjg Äk;y gqvkA^^

^^lSfud viuk cpko djus ds fy;s ;gkW e©twn ughaa gSA og Äk;y ughaa gqvk Fkk] blfy;sgeus mls xksyh ekj nhA rqEgkjh ltk cjdjkj gSA dy rqedks i©ys.M ys tk;k tk;sxk] tgkW rqelM+dksa ij dke djksxsA^^ larjh us v“æ rjhds ls esjh ckWg idM+h v©j og eq>s fQj ls] dksBjh dhrjQ okfil ys pykA

vxys fnu] eSa v©j] gekjh dksBjh esa ls nwljs nks vkneh fy;s x;s v©j mUgsa jsYos LVs'ku dhrjQ ys tk;k x;kA dqN le; ds fy;s ge] gfFk;kjcan iqfyl ds lkFk esa] [kM+s gq,A rc lSfudksa dh,d VqdM+h fn[kh] v©j gekjk iqfyl dk çÒkjh] muds lktZUV çÒkjh ds ikl x;k v©j gLrk{kj djusds fy;s mls ,d QkWeZ fn;kA ,d ckj fQj] ge :lh lsuk ds dCts esa Fks!

nwljk yEck bartkj] v©j dkQh yEcs le; ds ckn] gesa ,d jsy dh rjQ “stk x;k] tksvar esa gedks i©ys.M esa yks (Lwow) dks ys tkrhA

yks (Lwow) ,d uhjl LFkku FkkA nsgkr] b/kj&m/kj rsy ds dqvksa ls “jk gqvk Fkk] ;q) ds“kjh ;krk;kr ds dkj.k] lM+d “;kud FkhA vkneh v©j v©jrsa] iRFkj rksM+rs gq,] v©j xM~<ksa dks“jrs gq,] “w[ks ejus okyh [kqjkd ij] 'kjhj v©j vkRek dks ,d lkFk j[kus dk ç;kl djrs gq,]lM+dksa ij dke dj jgs FksA nks vkneh] ftUgksaus esjs lkFk dho (Kiev) ls ;k=k dh Fkh] os ,dnevleku (dissimilar) FksA tSdc ,d xans fnekx okyk vkneh Fkk] tks rq#i ds iÙks ds :i esa] fdlhdgkuh ds lkFk] larfj;ksa dh rjQ n©M+kA tkslsQ ,dne vyx Fkk v©j ml ij] ^^viuk “kj mBkusds fy;s ^ fo'okl fd;k tk ldrk FkkA pwafd esjh VkWxsa [kjkc Fkha v©j eSa yEcs le; rd] [kM+k ughaajg ldrk Fkk] eq>s lM+dksa ds fdukjs cSB dj] iRFkj rksM+us dk dke fn;k x;kA Li"V:i ls] ;gfopkj ughaa fd;k x;k fd] esjh [kjkc ckabZ “qtk v©j ek= Bhd gqbZ Nkrh dh gfì;kW v©j QsQM+s]fdlh çdkj dh detksjh “h gks ldrs gSaA ,d efgus ds fy;s] dsoy [kkus ds fy;s xqykeh djrs gq,]eSa blls fpidk jgkA v©jrsa] tks ;gkW dke djrh Fkha] mUgsa “h gj Äu xt (cubic yard) iRFkjrksM+us ds fy;s nks tyksVh22 fn;s tkrs FksA eghus ds var esa] [kwu dh [kkWlh djrs gq,] eSa Fkdus dsdkj.k csgks'k gksdj fxj iM+kA tc eSa] lM+d ds fdukjs iM+k Fkk] larjh ds vkns'kksa dh voysguk djrsgq,] tkslsQ esjh enn ds fy;s vk;kA lSfudksa esa ls ,d us] viuh jk;Qy mBk;h v©j xksyh pykbZ]tks l©ÒkX;o'k fdlh egRoiw.kZ vax dks pqdkrs gq, (missing)] tkslsQ ds xys esa yxhA gelkFk&lkFk] lM+d ds fdukjs iM+s jgs] tc rd fd ,d fdlku] viuh ÄksM+k xkM+h esa] ikl ughaavk;kA xkMZ us mldks jksdk v©j ge mlds yns gq, lkeku ds Åij mBk dj Qsad fn;s x;sA larjhdwn dj mlds cxy esa igqWpk] v©j ge yM+[kM+krs gq,] yq<+drs gq,] tsy ds vLirky dh rjQpysA dbZ g¶rksa rd] eSa ,d ydM+h ds BwaBksa ij iM+k jgk] ftUgksaus esjs fcLrj dk dke fd;kA rctsy ds MkWDVj us dgk fd] eq>s ckgj tkuk iM+sxkA eSa ej jgk Fkk] mlus dgk] v©j ;fn ml eghusesa dSfn;ksa esa ls dksbZ v©j ejk] rks og ijs'kkuh esa Qal tk;sxk] og vius dksVs dks iwjk dj pqdk Fkk!

22 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % iksysaM dh eqæk( ftldk 1 tuojh 1995 dks foeqæhdj.k fd;k x;kA 10]000 iqjkuh TyksVh (PLZ) ,d ubZ TyksVh (PLN) ds cjkcj gqbZaA

54

vLirky dh esjh dksBjh esa vlkekU; fopkj foe'kZ gqvkA tsy ds lapkyd] MkWDVj] v©j ,dofj"B larjhA ^^rqedks bLVªhT; (Stryj)23 tkuk iM+sxk]^^ xouZj us dgkA ^^phtsa mruh dBksj ughaa gSav©j ns'k vf/kd LokLF;dj gSA^^

^îjUrq xouZj]^^ eSaus tcko fn;k] ^êSa D;ksa tkÅW a\ eSa tsy esa fcuk fdlh vijk/k ds can gwW]eSaus fcYdqy dksbZ xyr dke ughaa fd;k gSA eSa D;ksa tkÅW a\ v©j bl laca/k esa pqi jgwW \ eSa gjsd dkscrkÅaWxk v©j feywWaxk] fd bl lcdh O;oLFkk dSls dh xbZ Fkh \^^

dkQh ph[k iqdkj gqbZ] dkQh dgk&lquh] >xM+k( v©j var esa] eSa tsy dk canh] ,d gy dslkFk çLrqr gqvkA ^^xouZj]^^ eSaus dgk] ^^vki [kqn dks cpkus ds fy;s] eq>s ckgj djuk pkgrs gSaA eSanwljh tsy dks ughaa “stk tkÅWxk v©j pqi jgwWxkA ;fn vki eq>s pqi j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks eq>s v©jtkslsQ dksfpuks (Jozef Kochino) dks bfLVªt ds fy;s] Lora= vkneh ds :i esa] lkFk tkus nhft;sAgesa diM+s nhft;s fd] ge vPNs fn[k ldsaA gesa FkksM+k iSlk nhft;s fd] ge FkksM+k [kkuk [kjhn ldsaAge pqi jgsaxs v©j Bhd vÒh dkjisafFk;u24 ds Åij pys tk;saxsA^^

xouZj xjtk v©j “quÒuk;k] v©j lÒh vkneh esjh dksBjh ls ckgj n©M+sA vxys fnu xouZjfQj okfil vk;k v©j mlus crk;k fd] mlus esjs dkxtksa dks ns[k fy;k gS v©j dgk fd] ^êSa ,dvknj.kh; vkneh^^ Fkk] tSlk mlus dgk] ^^tks vU;k; iwoZd tsy esa j[kk x;k gSA** tSlk eSaus dgk]og oSlk gh djsxkA

,d g¶rs rd dqN ughaa gqvk v©j vf/kd dqN ughaa dgk x;k FkkA vkWBos fnu ds lqcg rhucts] ,d larjh esjh dksBjh esa vk;k] mlus eq>s cqjh rjg ls txk;k] v©j eq>s dgk fd] eq>s dk;kZy;esa cqyk;k x;k gSA eSaus tYnh ls diM+s igus v©j larjh ds ihNs&ihNs dk;kZy; x;kA mlus njoktk[kksyk v©j eq>s vUnj <dsy fn;kA ,d larjh] diM+ksa ds nks <sjksa v©j :lh lSfudksa ds] nks fMCcksa dslkFk] vUnj cSBk FkkA [kkuk ,d est ij Fkk] mlus eq>s pqi jgus v©j vius ikl vkus dk b'kkjkfd;kA

^^rqe bLVªht dks ys tk;s tk jgs gks]^^ mlus QqlQqlk dj dgkA ^^tc rqe ogkW igqWpks] larjhls] & ogkW dsoy ,d gh gksxk & FkksM+k v©j vkxs ys tkus ds fy;s dgukA ;fn rqe mls ,d 'kkarlM+d ij ys tk ldks] mlds Åij geyk djuk] mldks dkcw esa dj ysuk] mldks cka/k ysuk v©jmls lM+d ds fdukjs ij NksM+ nsukA chekjh esa] rqeus esjh lgk;rk dh gS] blfy;s eSa rqEgsa crkÅWxkfd] ,d “xksM+s ds :i esa] ogkW rqEgsa xksyh ekjus dh ;kstuk gSA^^

njoktk [kqyk v©j tkslsQ vUnj vk;kA ^^vc viuk uk'rk djks]^^ larjh us dgk] ^^v©j tYnhdjksA rqEgkjs jkLrs ij rqedks enn djus ds fy;s] ;gkW FkksM+k lk /ku gSA^^ fQj “h ;g dkQh vPNkiSlk FkkA eSa "kM+;a= dks “kaWi ldkA tsy dk xouZj ;s dgus tk jgk Fkk fd] geus mls ywV fy;kv©j “kx x;sA

uk'rk vius vUnj tkus ds lkFk] ge pkj ifg;s okyh] thi dh rjg dh] ,d dkj esa ckgjx;sA iqfyl dk ,d vPNk Mªk;oj] lhV ij cSBk] mlds cxy esa fjokWYoj FkhA #[kkbZ ls] mlus gesavUnj vkus dk b'kkjk fd;kA og Dyp ij cSBk v©j [kqys njokts ls ckgj dwnkA vius jkLrs ijiSarhl ehy] vFkkZr~ & LVªkbt ls ikWap ehy igys] & eSaus lkspk fd] vc ;s dke djus dk e©dk gSAeSa tYnh ls igqWpk v©j nwljs gkFk ls LVh;fjax dks vius gkFk esa ysrs gq,] larjh dh ukd ds uhps]twMks dk gYdk lk /kôk fn;kA Rojd (accelerator) ij iSj dk ncko cuk] larjh yq<+d x;kAtYnh ls eSaus xkM+h dk fLop can fd;k v©j xkM+h dks] lM+d ds ,d cxy dh vksj] ys x;kA tkslsQ

23 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % (Stryi)] tks iwohZ iksysaM esa] yqcfuu (Lubnin) ds ikl gSA24 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dkjisafFk;u] e/; v©j iwoZ ;wjksi esa] pki dh 'kDy esa QSyh gqbZ] yxÒx 1500 fdyksehVj yEch] ,d ioZr Ja[kyk gS] tks LdsaMsusfo;u ioZr Ja[kyk

¼1500 fdyksehVj yEch½ ds ckn] mls ;wjksi esa] f}rh; lcls yEch ioZr Ja[kyk] cukrh gSA bl {ks= esa “wjs “kyw] “sfM+;s] lkcj] oufoyko cgqrk;r ls feyrs gSaA

55

[kqys eqWg ls] ;s lc ns[k jgk FkkA tYnh ls] eSaus mls "kM+;a= ds ckjs esa crk;kA ^^tYnh] tkslsQ]^^ eSaus dgkA ^^vius diM+ksa dks mrkj yks v©j blds igu yksA rqEgsa xkMZ

cuuk iM+sxkA^^ ^^ysfdu yksclkax]^^ tkslsQ ÅWaph vkokt esa jksus yxk] ^êSa xkM+h ughaa pyk ldrk] v©j

rqe :lh tSls ughaa yxrs gksA^^geus larjh dks jkLrs ls gVk dj] vyx /kdsy fn;k v©j tc rd fd ge ,d xìs “jh

iryh lM+d ij ughaa igqWp x;s] eSa Mªkboj dh lhV ij cSBk] v©j batu dks 'kq: fd;kA ge jkLrs ijFkksM+k v©j vkxs c<+s v©j #d x;sA larjh vc dkaWi jgk Fkk] blfy;s geus mls psrk;kA eSaus cUnwddks mlds cxy ls idM+kA

^^larjh]^^ eSa ftruk rsth ls fpYyk ldrk Fkk] mruk rsth ls fpYyk;k] ^^;fn rqe viusthou dk dksbZ ewY; lEk>rs gks] rks T©lk eSa dgrk gwW] oSlk djksA rqe gesa LVªht ds ckgjh fgLls dhrjQ ys pyksxs] LdksY;s (Skol'ye) dh rjQA ogkW ge rqEgsa tkus nsaxsA^^

^^tks rqe dgksxs] eSa og dqN “h d:Wxk]^^ larjh fjjjk;k] ijUrq ;fn rqe lhek dks ikj djukpkgrs gks] rks eq>s “h vius lkFk ys pyks] ughaa rks eq>s xksyh ekj nh tkosxhA^^

tkslsQ] lko/kkuh iwoZd cUnwd dh ns[kÒky djrk gqvk] v©j ihNs cSBs larjh dh xnZu dsÅij /;ku djrk gqvk] thi ds fiNys “kx esa cSBkA eSa Mªkboj ds lkFk cSBk] ekuks fd ;fn mlus]lM+d ls cxy ls ys tkus okyh esjh pky dks] vtekus dh] ;k xkM+h dh pkfÒ;ksa dks nwj Qsadus dh]dksf'k'k dhA ge eq[; lM+dksa dks NksM+rs gq,] rsth ls vkxs x;sA ge tSls & tSls dkjisafFk;u ioZrJsf.k;ksa esa vUnj x;s] nsgkr dk bykdk] vf/kd ioZrh; gksrk x;kA gesa fNius ds vPNs LFkku nsrsgq,] isM+ Äus gksrs x;sA ge viuh VkWxksa dh lh/kk djus ds fy;s ,d ekfQd LFkku ij #dsA tksdqN “h gekjs ikl Fkk] geus larjh ds lkFk vkil esa ckaVrs gq,] dqN [kkuk [kk;kA osYds&csjstuh(Vel'ke-Berezni) ij isVªksy yxÒx lekIr gks x;k] ge #ds v©j geus thi dks fNik fn;kA larjhdks vius chp esa j[krs gq,] ge fNi dj vkxs c<+sA ;s lhekUr çns'k Fkk v©j gesa lko/kku jguk FkkAdksbZ “h] ftlds ikl i;kZIr dkj.k gks] fdlh “h ns'k dh lhek dks ikj dj ldrk gSA blesa ek=FkksM+h pkykdh v©j m|e dh vko';drk gksrh gSA eq>s dÒh “h] fdlh ns'k ds lhek dks voS/k :ils ikj djus esa] gYdh lh “h] okLrfod ijs'kkuh ughaa gqbZA eq>s ijs'kkfu;kW rc gqbZa] tc esjs ikl]mls yky Qhrk'kkgh dk y{; cukus ds fy;s] lgh oS/kkfud ikji= (passport) FkkA ikliksVZ ek=vlqfo/kktud gksrk gSA fdlh “ksys“kys ;k=h dks] mls ykyQhrk'kkgh dk etkd cuk nsus dk dkj.kgksrk gSA fdlh “h O;fä ds fy;s] ikji= dh deh] lhekvksa dks ikj djus ds fy;s] dksbZ vM+pu ughaagSA rFkkfi] fdlh “h gkfu jfgr ;k=h dks ijs'kku djus ds fy;s] ikliksVZ gksuk vko';d gksrk gSv©j vçlé vf/kdkfj;ksa ds >q.M dks] cgq/kk] dkQh dk;Z çnku djrk gSA ;s ^lhekvksa dks fdl çdkjvoS/k :i ls ikj fd;k tk;* fo"k; ij dksbZ fuca/k ughaa gS] blfy;s eSa ;g dguk pkgWwxk fd] fcukfdlh ijs'kkuh ds] ge rhuksa psdksLyksokfd;k (Czechoslovakia) esa Äql x;sA larjh vius jkLrs ijx;k] v©j ge vius jkLrs ij pysA

^êsjk Äj ysokbl (Levice) esa gS]^^ tkslsQ us dgk] ^êSa Äj tkuk pkgrk gWwA rqe ftrukpkgks] esjs lkFk #d ldrs gksA^^

geus] lkFk&lkFk iSny pyrs gq,] fy¶V ysrs gq,] v©j jsyksa ij p<+rs gq,] dkslkbl(Kosice)] RLoksysu (Zvolen)] v©j ysokbl ds fy;s viuk jkLrk fy;kA tkslsQ] ns'k dks vPNhrjg tkurk FkkA vkyw ;k pqdUnj ;k vU; phtsa] tks [kkbZ tk ldrh gksa] dgkW ls yh tk;sa] bls ogvPNh rjg ls tkurk FkkA

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var esa dkQh le; ds ckn] ge ysokbl esa ,d iryh xyh esa] ,d NksVs Äj dh vksj pysAtkslsQ us Fkidh nh] v©j dksbZ mÙkj ughaa feyk] nqckjk fQj ls FkiFkik;kA ,d xgjh lko/kkuh dslkFk] insZ dks ,d bap ;k ,slk gh dqN] ,d cxy ls [khapk x;kA fuxjkuh djus okys us ns[kk v©jog tkslsQ dks igpku x;kA njoktk QVkd ls [kqyk v©j og vUnj [khap fy;k x;kA esjs lkeus]njoktk Nikd ls can gks x;kA eSa Åij] uhps] ckgj] pyrk&fQjrk jgkA var esa njoktk fQj [kqykv©j esjs fopkj ls ftruk laÒo gksrk] tkslsQ mlls “h vf/kd ijs'kkuh esa fn[krk gqvk] vk;kA

^^esjh ekW rqEgs vUnj ughaa j[k ldrh]^^ mlus dgkA ^^og dgrh gS fd ;gkW] ;gkW vklikl]gn ls T;knk tklwl gSa v©j ;fn geus fdlh nwljs dks vUnj fy;k] rks ge lÒh fxj¶rkj gkstk;saxsA eq>s cgqr [ksn gSA^^ blds lkFk mldk psgjk 'keZ ls >qdk v©j og eqM+ dj vius Äj esapyk x;k] eqM+ dj nksckjk Äql x;kA

yEcs {k.kksa rd] eSa LrC/k [kM+k jgkA eSa gh tkslsQ dks tsy ls ckgj ls fudkyus ds fy;smÙkjnk;h jgk Fkk] eSaus mls xksyh [kkus ls cpk;kA esjs ç;kl mldks ;gkW yk;s Fks v©j vc og cnyx;k v©j mlus eq>s] tSlk eSa dj ldrk gwW] vPNs ls vPNk djus ds fy;s] Lo;a dks O;ofLFkr djusds fy;s NksM+ fn;kA nq[kh gks dj eSa eqM+k v©j xyh esa uhps dh rjQ] v©j vkxs yEch lM+d rd]viuk jkLrk fQj ls igpkuk] cuk;kA dksbZ iSlk ughaa] [kkuk ughaa] “k"kk dh dksbZ le> ughaaA eSa] ,dvkneh] ftls esSa ^^fe=^^ dgrk Fkk] dh /kks[ksckth ij nq[kh gqvk] va/kk gks dj pyrk x;kA

Ä.Vksa ds ckn Ä.Vs] eSa jk"Vªh; iFk ds lkFk&lkFk ukprk jgkA xqtjus okyh dkjksa us esjs Åijfuxkg ughaa QsjhA esjk /;ku vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s] reke yksx ogkW lM+d ij py jgs FksA dqNehy igys] eSaus dqN v/klM+s vkyqvksa dks mBk dj] ftls ,d fdlku us vius lwvjksa ds fy;s Mkyfn;k Fkk] viuh “w[k dks] dqN 'kkar fd;k FkkA ikuh ihuk dksbZ leL;k ughasa Fkh D;ksafd] ogkW dkQh>jus FksA dkQh igys gh eSaus ;s lh[k fy;k Fkk fd] >jus v©j ukys lqjf{kr gksrs gSa] ijUrq ufn;kWçnwf"kr gksrh gSaA

eq>ls dkQh vkxs] lh/kh lM+d ij] eSaus ,d “kjh pht ns[khA nwjh ls] ;s ,d iqfyl dk Vªd;k lM+d dh #dkoV fn[kkbZ nhA dbZ feuVksa rd] eSa lM+d ds cxy esa fuxjkuh djrk gqvk cSBkjgkA iqfyl vFkok lSfudksa dk] dksbZ fpUg ughaa FkkA blfy;s] bl lEca/k esa dkQh lko/kku jgrs gq,]eSaus viuh ;k=k nksckjk 'kq: dhA tSls gh eSa djhc vk;k] eSaus ns[kk fd ,d vkneh batu ds lkFkdqN djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA mlus esjs igqWpus ij eq>s ns[kk v©j dqN dgk] tks eSa le> ughaaldkA mlus bls nwljh “k"kk esa fQj nksgjk;k] v©j rc fQj dqN v©j vU; “k"kk esaA vUr esa] eSa eksVsr©j ij ;s le> ik;k fd] og D;k dg jgk gSA batu #d x;k Fkk v©j og bls pkyw ughaa djldk Fkk] D;k eSa eksVj ds ckjs esa dqN tkurk gwW \ eSaus ns[kk] mlds lkFk dqN NsM+[kkuh dhA blalca/k esa] dqN fcUnqvksa ij ns[kk] v©j LVkVZj dks pykus dh dksf'k'k dhA isVªksy dkQh FkkA rkjksa dksuhps dh rjQ ns[kus ij eSaus ns[kk fd ,d LFkku ij] çToyu (ignition) dks dkVrs gq,] jks/ku(insulation) ty x;k Fkk] tc dkj us lM+d ij ,d cEij ls Vdjk dj mNky ekjh v©j mlusuaxs rkjksa dks vkil esa feyk fn;k FkkA esjs ikl dksbZ jks/kd Qhrk (insulating tape) ;k v©tkjughaa Fkk] ijUrq rkjksa dks dIkM+s dh ifê;ksa esa yisVuk v©j mUgsa lqjf{kr cka/k nsuk] ;g ek= dqN gh{k.kksa dk dke FkkA batu pkyw gqvk v©j <ax ls nqykjus yxkA ^^;gkW dqN [kjkc gS]^^ eSaus lskpkA^^fdlku dh iqjkuh dkj esa] ;s batu cgqr vPNk py jgk gSA^^

vkneh çlérk ds lkFk] Åij&uhps mNydwn dj jgk FkkA ^Cjkok&Cjkok (brava-brava)Aog çlérk ls ¼mNydwn esa½ tkjh jgkA ^^rqeus eq>s cpk fy;k gS!** eSaus mls dqN ijs'kkuh ds lkFkns[kk] eSaus mls dSls cpk;k] mldh dkj dks pkyw djds \ mlus esjh vksj lko/kkuh ls ns[kkA

57

^êSaus rqEgsa igys ns[kk gS]** mlus dgkA ^^v©j rqe nwljs vkneh ds lkFk] ysokbl esa gzksu unhds iqy (the river Hron bridge) dks ikj dj jgs FksA**

^^gkaW**] eSaus tokc fn;k] v©j vc eSa vius jkLrs ij vdsyk gwaWA** mlus eq>s viuh dkj esa vkus dk b'kkjk fd;kA tc og lkFk esa cSB dj dkj pyk jgk Fkk]

tks dqN gqvk Fkk] eSaus lc dqN mls crk fn;kA mlds çÒkeaMy ls eSa ns[k ldk fd] og fo'okldjus ;ksX; v©j lnk'k;iw.kZ O;fä FkkA

^^;q) us esjs /ka/ks dks p©iV dj fn;k] mlus dgk]*^ v©j eq>s viuk] v©j vius ifjokj dk]isV ikyuk gSA rqe dkjksa dks vPNh rjg tkurs gks v©j eSa ,d MªkbZoj dk mi;ksx dj ldrk gwWa] tkslM+d ij dÒh Qals ughaaA ge [kkus ds lkeku v©j lqfo/kk ds dqN lkeku] ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'k dksys tkrs gSa] tks dqN rqEgsa djuk gksxk] og gS dkj dks pykuk v©j mldh ns[kÒky djukA**

eSaus vR;ar lansgkLin –f"V ls ns[kkA rLdjh \ eSaus bls vius thou esa dÒh ughaa fd;kAvkneh us esjh rjQ ns[kk v©j dgk] ^^dksbZ eknd inkFkZ ughaa] dksbZ gfFk;kj ughaa] gkfu igqaWpkus okyhdksbZ pht ughaaA ftank j[kus ds fy, [kkuk] v©j v©jrksa dh lq[k&lqfo/kk ds FkksM+s ls lkeku] mUgsaçlé j[kus ds fy,A*

;s eq>s fof'k"V çrhr gqvk] pSdksLyksokfd;k ,d ,slk ns'k ughaa yxrk Fkk] tks [kkus v©jfoykflrk ds lkekuksa dk fu;kZr djuk >sy ldsA eSaus ,slk dgk] v©j vkneh us tokc fn;k]^rqe ,dne lgh gks] ;s lc nwljs ns'kksa ls vkrk gSa] ge bls] ek= vkxs c<+k nsrs gSaA :lh yksx] blsdCts esa fy, x, vknfe;ksa ls pqjkrs gSa] muds lkjs lkeku dks tCr dj ysrs gSaA os lÒh dherhlkekuksa dks jsyksa ij p<+k nsrs gSa v©j eky ls “js lÒh Òkj (loads), okil ikVhZ ds lÒh ÅWaps usrkvksadks “st nsrs gSaA ge dsoy mu jsyksa ls gh NsM+NkM+ djrs gSa] ftuesa ls vf/kdka'k esa vPNk [kkuk]ftls ge nwljs ns'kksa dks “st ldsa] tks bldh vko';drk esa gSa] gksrk gSA lÒh lhekar lqj{kk çgjhblesa 'kkfey gSaA rqEgsa dsoy esjs cxy ls cSB dj xkM+h pykuh iM+sxhA*

^Bhd gSa] eSaus dgk] êq>s bl Vªd ds vanj fn[kkvks] ;fn blesa dksbZ eknd inkFkZ tSlk dqN“h ughaa gS] rks tgkWa rqe tkuk pkgksxs] eSa rqEgkjh bPNk ls Mªkbo djds ys pywWaxkA

og gaWlk v©j mlus dgk] îhNs vkvksA rqe ftruk ns[kuk pkgrs gks ns[kksA esjk fu;ferMªkbZoj chekj gS] v©j eSaus lkspk Fkk fd] eSa bl dkj dh [kqn gh O;oLFkk dj ldrk gwaWA eSa ughaa djldrk D;ksafd] eSa e'khuh phtksa ds ckjs esa dqN ughaa tkurk gWwA tc ;q) us eq>s dke ls vyx djfn;k] mlls igys eSa fo;uk (Vienna)25 esa] ,d lqçfl) odhy FkkA** eSaus mFky&iqFky djrs gq,]lkeku dks ns[kk v©j ihNs ls ckgj vk x;kA tSlk mlus dgk] ogkWa dsoy [kkuk v©j FkksM+h lh js'kedh phtsa Fkha] ftUgsa dsoy v©jrsa igurh gSaA ^êSa larq"V gqvk]** eSaus dgk] ^êSa rqEgsa pyk dj ystkÅWaxkA**

mlus eq>s MªkbZoj dh lhV dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k v©j ge viuh ;k=k ij py fn,] tks eq>sCjkfVlykok (Bratislava) esa gks dj vkfLVª;k (Austria) esa ys xbZ] fo;uk v©j DykxsuQVZ(Klagenfurt) esa gksrs gq,] var esa bVyh esa] tgkWa ij csjksuk esa ;k=k lekIr gqbZA lhekar çgfj;ksa us

25 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fo;uk (Vienna)] vkfLVª;k dh jkt/kkuh rFkk ,d cM+k 'kgj] ,oa vkfLVª;k ds ukS jkT;ksaa esa ls ,d jkT; gSA ;s 'kgj] vkfLVª;k ds iwohZ Òkx esa]pSdksLyksokfd;k rFkk gaxjh dh lhekvksa ds fudV fLFkr gSA 18 yk[k vkcknh okyk ;g 'kgj] lkaL—frd] vkfFkZd rFkk jktuSfrd xfrfof/k;ksa dk dsUæ gSA chloha 'krkCnhds çkjEÒ rd ;g] fo'o Òj esa teZu Òk"kk Òk"kh lcls cM+k 'kgj FkkA vkt fo'o Òj ds teZu Òk"kk Òk"kh 'kgjksa esa] cfyZu ds ckn bldk uEcj nwljk vkrk gSA fo;uk]la;qä jk"Vª (UNO) rFkk rsy mRiknd ,oa fu;kZrd ns'k (OPEC) tSls vusd varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa dh estokuh djrk gSA 2001 esa bls] ;wusLdks }kjk fo'o fojklr ds :i esaekU;rk nh x;h gSA laxhr dk uxj ^^(city of music)** dgs tkus ds lkFk&lkFk] fo'o ds çFke euksfo'ys"kd (Psychoanalyst)- flxeaM ÝkbM (Sigmund Freud) dk tUeLFkku gksus ds dkj.k] bls ^^LoIuksa dk uxj (the city of dreams)** Òh dgk tkrk gSA fo;uk dks] fo'o Òj esa mlds mPp thouLrj ds fy;s tkuk tkrk gS] ftlds fy;s]2005 esa cadksoj (Vancouver) ds lkFk&lkFk] (tie) bls çFke LFkku çkIr gqvk FkkA la;qä jk"Vª clkgV (UN habitat) }kjk 2012&2013 esa bls fo'o dk lokZf/kd laié(most prosperous) 'kgj ds :i esa oxhZ—r fd;k x;kA 2005 ls 2010 dh vof/k esa ;gkWa] vusd varZjk"Vªh; laxBuksa ,oa lEesyuksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA ;gkWa yxÒx37 yk[k i;ZVd çfro"kZ vkrs gSA]

58

gesa jksdk] lkeku ds fujh{k.k dk fn[kkok fd;k] v©j tc muds gkFk esa geus ,d NksVk iSdsV Fkek;k]gesa pyrk dj fn;kA ,d ckj] gekjs lkeus n©M+rh gqbZ iqfyl dh ,d xkM+h] vpkud #dh] v©j eq>sokLro esa] tksj yxkdj czsd yxkuk iM+kA iqfyl ds nks flikgh] fjoksYoj [khaprs gq, gekjh rjQn©M+sA rc mu fuf'pr dkxtksa ds fn[kk nsus ij os] LrC/k gksrs fn[krs gq, v©j cgqr {kek ekaxrs gq,][ksn çdV djrs gq,] okil y©V x,A esjk u;k ekfyd eq>ls cgqr vf/kd çlé fn[kkbZ fn;kA ^^eSarqEgsa ,d O;fä ds laidZ esa ykÅWaxk] tks fLoVtjySaM (Switzerland) esa] ykslku (Laussane) esaVªd pykrk gSa** mlus dgk] ^^v©j ;fn og esjh rjg ls larq"V gqvk] og rqEgsa fdlh v©j ds ikl]yqMfcxlkQsu (Ludwigshafen), teZuh (Germany) esa “st nsxkA**

tc gekjk lkeku mrkjk tk jgk Fkk v©j nwljk lkeku yknk tk jgk Fkk] eSaus ,d g¶rs dsfy,] osful (Vanice) esa vkjke fd;kA ge brus Fkdk nsus okys MªkbZo ds ckn] vkjke pkgrs FksAosful esjs fy, ,d [krjukd LFkku FkkA eSa bruh uhph txg esa] lkal ysus esa fnôr eglwl djjgk FkkA eq>s ,slk yxk fd] ;s LFkku ekuks [kqyk lhoj gksA

ge ,d nwljs Vªd esa] osful ls isnqvk (Padua)] ckbZlsUtk (Viceæa)] v©j osjksuk(Verona26) x;sA lÒh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds e/;] gedks turk dk 'kqÒfpard ekuk x;k] v©j eSaus vk'p;Zfd;k fd esjk ekfyd] okLro esa d©u gSA mlds çÒkeaMy ls] v©j çÒkeaMy >wB ughaa cksyrk] ;sLi"V Fkk fd] og ,d “yk vkneh FkkA pwafd eSa blesa okLro esa] dksbZ #fp ugha j[krk Fkk] eSaus dksbZiwNrkN ughaa dhA eSa dqy feyk dj] thou esa vius dk;Z dh rjQ] pyrs jguk pkgrk FkkA tSlk eSatkurk Fkk fd] tc rd eSa] ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'k rd] mNy&dwn dh bl ftanxh ls eqä] dghaLFkkbZ ughaa gks tkrk] esjk dk;Z rc rd 'kq: ughaa gks ldrk FkkA

csjksuk gksVy esa] esjk ekfyd esjs dejs esa vk;kA ^^esjs ikl ,d vkneh gS] eSa mls] rqelsfeykuk pkgrk gwaWA og vkt 'kke dks ;gkWa vkus okyk gSA vkg] yksclkax] rqe vPNs jgksxs] ;fn rqeviuh nk<+h dks ewM +dj lkQ dj nksA vefjdh yksx nkf<+;ksa dks ukilan djrs fn[krs gSa] v©j ;svkneh vesfjdh gS] tks Vªdksa v©j dkjksa dks lq/kkj dj nqckjk cukrk gS v©j mUgsa ,d ns'k ls nwljsns'k esa pykrk gSA ;s dSlk jgk \*

^^Jheku~] eSaus tcko fn;k]^* ;fn vesfjdh ;k dksbZ “h nwljk] esjh nk<+h dks ukilan djrk gS]rks mUgsa viuh ukilan ij pyrs jguk iM+sxkA esjh tcM+s dh gfì;kWa] tkikuh twrksa ds }kjk dqpy nhxbZa Fkha] v©j eSa viuh pksVksa dks fNikus ds fy, nk<+h j[krk gWwaA**

esjs ekfyd us] ,d yacs le; rd] eq>ls ckr dh v©j tc ge pysa] mlls igys] mlus eq>s];s dgrs gq, fd] eSaus viuh rjQ dk O;ogkj] vPNh rjg j[kk gS v©j og viuh rjQ ds O;ogkjdks j[ksxk] dkQh larqf"Vdkjd jde nhA

vius eksVs gksBksa ds chp esa ,d cM+k lk flxkj Äqekrs gq,] vesfjdh ,d ekaly (flashy)O;fä FkkA mlds nkar mrkjrkiwoZd lksus ls e<+s x, Fks] v©j mlds diM+s okLro esa] mlds “M+dhysiu ls çÒkfor FksA mlds lkeus ukprh gqbZ] Ñf=e:i ls “wjs ckyksa okyh ,d v©jr] ftlds diM+seqf'dy ls gh] mldh 'kjhj jpuk ds mu “kxksa dks] ftUgsas if'peh yksx] <ds tkus dh ekax djrs gSa]

26 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % osjksuk bVyh ds mÙkjh Òkx esa gS] ftldh vkoknh yxÒx rhu yk[k gSA ;s viuh dyk dh fojklr] vusd okf"kZd essys] çn'kZu] vksissjk vkfn dsdkj.k] mÙkjh bVyh ds çeq[k i;ZVu LFkykasa esa ls ,d gSA ,sjsuk (Arena)] ;gkWa dk çkphu ,EQhfFkz;sVj gS] ftls jkse ds ukxfjdksa }kjk cuk;k x;k FkkA ,sjksuk dk gokbZvìk] mlds nf{k.k if'peh Òkx esa] yxÒx ikap fdyksehVj nwj gSA 'ksDlfi;j (Shakespeare) ds rhu ukVdksa( jksfe;ks ,.M twfy;V (Romeo and Juliot)] fn Vw tsaVyesaVvkWQ osjksuk (The two gentlemen of Verona) vkSj Vsfeax vkWQ fn 'kzw (The taming of the Shrew) dh i"BÒwfe osjksuk gh gSA osjksuk ds 'kgjh vkdkj vkSj okLrqdyk ds fy,];wusLdks (UNESCO) }kjk] 'kgj dks fo'o fojklr (World heritage) eas lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA

f}rh; fo'o ;q) ds ckn] bVyh] ukVks (NATO) laxBu esa lfEefyr gqvk] blls] ykSg insZs (iron curtain) ds lehi esaa gksus ds dkj.k] osjksuk dks vf/kd egRofeykA 'kgj] (South European Allied Terrestial Forces, SETAF) dk eq[;ky; cuk vkSj 'khr ;q) ds iwjs dky eas] ;gkWa lSfud xfrfof/k;kWa] fo'ks"k :i ls vejhdu]'kfä'kkyh :i ls pyrha jgha] tks fiNys dqN le; ls dkQh ÄVh gSaaA vc osjksuk] vius bfrgkl] viuh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj i;ZVdksa ds vkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k] ,d egRoiw.kZ vkSjxfr'khy uxj gSA

59

<d ik jgs FksAtSls gh mlus esjh rjQ ns[kk] ^^dfg,] mlus fdydkjh “jhA D;k og “ksyk ughaa gS \ D;k

og ,d xqìk ughaa gS\* ^^vkg! cdokl can djks] csch]** ml vkneh us dgk] tks mldks vkenuh djkrk FkkA ^^Òkxks]

Vgyus tkvksA gesa dke djuk gSA** eqWag Qqykrs gq, v©j BuBukrs gq,] ftlus mldh gj pht dks[krjukd rjhds ls fgyk fn;k] mlus vius >hus diM+ksa ds Åij cgqr “kjh nckc Mkyk] ^^csch**'kjkc dh ryk'k esa] dejs ds ckgj pyh x;hA

^^gekjs ikl ,d lth&/kth elZMht (Mecedes) ckgj gS]** vesfjdh us dgkA ^^bldsfy, ;gkaW dksbZ fcØh ughaa gS] ;s nwljs ns'k ls cgqr vPNh jde yk;sxhA ;s ewlks ds cM+s yksxksa(Musso's big shots) esa ls ,d dh gqvk djrh FkhA geus bls Bhd fd;k v©j blds Åij jaxjksxu djk fn;kA teZuh esa dkyZlzwg (Karlsruhe)27 esa esjs cgqr vPNs laidZ gSa] ;fn eSa bls ogkWa ÒstldwaW rks ;g esjh tsc “j nsxhA**

^^rqe bls [kqn pyk dj D;ksa ughaa ys tkrs \** eSaus iwNkA ^^eSa fLoV~tjySaM vFkok teZuh dkstkurk ugha gWwaA**

^^ th (Gee)] eSa bls pykÅWa \ eSa dbZ ckj ,slk dj pqdk gwWa] lhekUr ds lÒh çgjh eq>stkurs gSaA**

^^rks rqe eq>s idM+okuk pkgrs gks] eSaus tokc fn;kA** ^eSa cgqr nwj ls] cgqr [krjs mBkrk gqvk;gkWa vk;k gWwa] ughaa] eSa bl dke dks ughaa djuk pkgrkA**

^^vksg] vkneh rqEgkjs fy, ;s dke vklku gS] rqe bZekunkj fn[krs gks v©j eSa rqEgsa] ;s dgrsgq, fd] ;s rqEgkjh dkj gS v©j rqe ,d i;ZVd gks] dkxtkr ns ldrk gWwA fuf'pr:i ls] eSa rqEgsa ;sdkxtkr ns ldrk gwaWA** mlus ,d cM+s czhQdsl esa] ftls og fy, gq, Fkk] >kadk v©j mlus dkxtksav©j çi=ksa (forms) dk ,d cM+k iqfyank] esjh rjQ /kdsykA oSls gh vkyL;iw.kZ <ax ls] eSaus mu ijutj ekjhA eSaus ns[kk fd os] ikuh ds tgkt ds bathfu;j vkneh ds laca/k esa Fks] ikuh ds tgkt dsbathfu;j dsA mldk ;wfu;u dkMZ v©j lc dqN ogkWa FkkA ikuh ds tgkt dk bathfu;j! ;fn eSamu dkxtksa dks ik tkÅaW] rks eSa ikuh ds tgkt ds Åij tk ldrk gwWaA pqaxfdax esa] eSaus fpfdRlkv©j 'kY; fpfdRlk ds lkFk bathfu;fjax “h i<+h Fkh( esjs ikl] bathfu;fjax esa ch. ,l&lh. dhmikf/k (degree) “h FkhA eSa iwjh rjg ls vgZrk çkIr (qualified), ,d foeku pkyd “h FkkA esjkfnekx n©M+us yxkA ^^Bhd gS] eq>s bles dksbZ mRlqdrk “h ughaa gS** eSaus dgkA ^^vR;f/kd tksf[ke“jkA bu dkxtksa ij esjk QksVks ughaa yxk gSA eSa dSls tku ldrk gWwa fd] okLrfod ekfyd] fdlhxyr le; ij] lkeus ughaa vk [kM+k gksxk \**

^^vkneh ej pqdk gS] ej x;k v©j nQuk fn;k x;kA og vR;f/kd 'kjkc fi;s gq, Fkkv©j ,d fQ;sV dks cgqr rsth ls pyk jgk FkkA vuqeku gS] mls uhan vk xbZ( dSls “h] mlus Lo;adks lhesaV&daØhV ds ,d iqy ds cxy ls fNrjk fn;kA geus mlds ckjs esa lquk v©j mldsdkxtkr mBk fy;sA**

^^v©j ;fn eSa lger gksÅaW] rks rqe eq>s D;k nksxs] v©j D;k eSa bu dkxtksa dks vius ikl j[kldrk gwaW \ ;s eq>s ,VykafVd egklkxj ds ikj tkus esa lgk;d gksaxsA**

27 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dkyZlzwg] jkbZu unh ds fdukjs fLFkr] nf{k.k if'pe teZuh dk] nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgj gSA dkyZlzwg dk egy 1715 esa cuk;k x;k FkkA ;s teZuhdk lcls xeZ vkSj lcls vf/kd le; rd pedrs lw;Z okyk 'kgj gSA 'kgj esa nks okuLifrd m|ku gSaA dkyZlzwg dks teZuh dh baVjusV jkt/kkuh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd]dkyZlwzg fo'ofo|ky; us 1990 ds ckn rd ;s lsok;sa çnku dh FkhaA dkyZlwzg] e'kgwj 'kks/k ,oa v/;;u dsUæ gSA dkyZlwzg baLVhV~;wV vkWWQ VsDuksykWth ds iqLrdky; uslcls igys baVjusV lkbZV dk fodkl fd;k] ftlesa fo'o Òj ds 'kks/kdrkZvksa dks] fu%'kqYd iqLrdky;hu lqfo/kk;sa] fo'o Òj esa] miyC/k djk;ha tkrh gSaA çkjEÒ ls gh;gkaW ;gwnh yksx cls gq;s FksA vktdy ;gwnh leqnk; ds yxÒx 900 lnL; ;gkWa jgrs gSaA

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^^fuf'pr gh] nksLr] fuf'pr ghA eSa rqEgsa <kbZ l© cd28 v©j lkjs [kpsZ nWwaxk] v©j rqe lÒhdkxtksa dks vius ikl j[kukA mlds cnys esa] ge rqEgkjk QksVks bu dkxtksa ij yxk nsaxsA esjs laidZgSaA eSa bls okLrfod :i ls lgh dj nwaWxk**

^^cgqr Bhd]** eSaus tcko fn;k] ^*eSa rqEgkjs fy,] dkj dks dkyZlzwg rd ys tkÅaWxkA**yM+dh dks “h vius lkFk ys tkvks] ;s rqEgkjk lkFk nsxh v©j ;s esjs ckyksa ls ckgj fudy

tk;sxh ¼iYyw NksM+ nsxh½A esjs ikl ,d ubZ okyh] ykbu esa rS;kj [kM+h gSA dqN {k.kksa ds fy,] “©pôk gks dj] eSaus mls ns[kkA Li"Vr%] mlus esjs gkoÒko dks xyr

le>kA ^^vksg] iôk] og fdlh “h pht ds fy, [ksy gSA rqEgsa cgqr etk vk;sxkA^ûghaa! eSa vk'p;Z ls fpYyk;k] êSa v©jr dks vius lkFk ughaa ys tkÅWaxkA eSa mlds lkFk] mlh

dkj esa ughaa #dWwaxkA ;fn rqe esjs Åij vfo'okl djrs gks] rks ge bls ;gha lekIr djrs gSa] vFkokrqe ,d vkneh dks vFkok nks vknfe;ksa dks] lkFk “st ldrs gks] ijarq fdlh v©jr dks ughaaA**

^ôg viuh dqlhZ ij ihNs dks >qdk v©j vius eqWag dks p©M+k lk [kksyrs gq,] tksj lsfpYyk;k( lksus ds ¼nkarksa ds½ çn'kZu us eq>s] frCcr ds eafnjksa esa lksus dh phtksa dks] çn'kZu ds fy,]j[ks tkus dk /;ku fnyk fn;kA mldh flxkj tehu ij fxj xbZ v©j dqN fpaxkjh fudkyrh gqbZ]cq> xbZA ^^;s Nksdjh]** tc og vafre :i ls cksyk] mlus dgk] ^^;s eq>s ,d g¶rs esa ikWap lkS cddh iM+rh gSA eSa rqEgsa] bls rqEgas nsuk çLrkfor dj jgk gWwa v©j rqe euk dj jgs gksA Bhd gSA**

dkxtkr nks fnu ckn rS;kj gks x;sA esjk QksVks fpidk fn;k x;k] v©j fe=or~ vf/kdkfj;ksaus] lko/kkuhiwoZd] mu dkxtksa dh tkaWp dh v©j tSlk vko';d Fkk] mu ij vius dk;kZy; dh eqgjyxk nhA bVyh dh /kwi esa] lw;Z dh jks'kuh esa] egku elZMht ped jgh FkhA eSaus ges'kk dh rjg ls]bZ/ku] rsy v©j ikuh dh iM+rky dh] vanj cSBk v©j batu dks pkyw fd;kA T;ksagh] eSaus xkM+h dkspyk dj gVk;k] vejhdh us eq>s eS=hiw.kZ fonkbZ nhA

fLol lhek ij] vf/kdkfj;ksa us cgqr lko/kkuhiwoZd] dkxtksa dh] ftUgsa eSaus çLrqr fd;k Fkk]tkWap dhA rc mUgksaus viuk /;ku] dkj dh rjQ yxk;kA ;s fuf'pr djus ds fy, fd] mlesa dksbZudyh foÒktu rks ughaa Fkk] bZ/ku ds VSad esa tkWap dh] mldh ckWMh dks Bksdrs gq,] ;s fuf'pr djrsgq,] fd mlds /kkfRod iSuyksa ds chp] dqN fNik;k ughaa x;k Fkk] tkWap dhA nks larfj;ksa us MS'k cksMZds uhps] uhps ns[kk v©j batu dks “h ns[kkA T;ksagh] mUgksaus eq>s tkus dh btktr nh] eSa vkxs pyfn;kA esjs ihNs tksj ls ph[k dj iqdkjus dh vkoktsa vkbZaA 'khÄz gh eSaus cszd yxk;kA ,d xkMZgkWaQrk gqvk] esjs ikl vk;k] D;k rqe ,d vkneh dks ekfVZXuh (Martigny)29 ys tkvksxs \ mlusiwNkA ^^xks;k fd] og tYnh esa gS v©j fdlh vkdfLedrk ds ekeys esa mls tkuk gSA**

^^gkaW] eSaus mÙkj fn;k] êSa mls ys tkÅWaxk] ;fn og vÒh rS;kj gS]** xkMZ us b'kkjk fd;k] v©jlhek dk;kZy; esa ls] ,d vkneh tYnh ls fudykA mlus eq>s ueu fd;k v©j esjs cxy ls dkj esacSBkA mlds çÒkeaMy ls eSaus ns[kk fd] og ,d 'kadkyq vf/kdkjh Fkk v©j og Li"V:i ls vk'p;Zdj jgk Fkk fd] fcuk fdlh efgyk fe= ds] eSa vdsyk D;ksa xkM+h pyk jgk gwWA og cgqr ckrwuh Fkk]ijarq mlus ç'u iwNus ds lkFk] esjs fy, dkQh le; NksM+ fn;kA ç'u] ftudk eSa mÙkj ns ldrkFkkA dksbZ efgyk ughaa] Jheku~ \* mlus dgk] ^îjarq fdruk vklekU; (unusual) gSA 'kk;n rqEgkjh

28 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % cd ,d lkekU; uke gS tks fons'kh eqæk fofue; O;kikfj;ksa ds chp dke esa yk;k tkrk gSA xkyh ds :i esa] bls tkikuh ;su ds fy;sa] mi;ksxfd;k tkrk gS ijUrq ;s vf/kdkfjd :i ls vejhdk ds MkWyj ds cjkcj gS tks fo'o dh ,d cM+h eqæk gSA

29 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ekfVZfxuh ÝSap Òk"kk Òk"kh ftys dh jkt/kkuh gS] tks fLoV~tjySa.M esa gSA ;gkWa ls bVyh] Ýkal vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M dks tksM+us ds fy;s lM+dsa feyrhgSaA bldh vkcknh yxÒx 20 gtkj gSA vf/kdka'k yksx ¼85 çfr'kr½ Ýkalhlh Òk"kk cksyus okys yksx gSa] tcfd iqrZxkyh vkSj bVsfy;u cksyus okys Øe'k% nwljs vkSj rhljsLFkku ij vkrs gSaA dsoy cgqr FkksM+s yksx teZu cksyrs gSaA ;gkWa efgykvksaa dh la[;k iq:"kksa dh la[;k ls vf/kd ¼51-3 çfr'kr½ gSA

jkse ds yksxksa us ekfVZfxuh esa vusd iqjkRkRo vo'ks"k NksM+s gSaA 'kgj vius ,EQhfFk;sVj ds fy;s tkuk tkrk gS] tks 1978 esa iquZLFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk] blesaclUr ds vUr esa xk;ksa dh yM+kbZ dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA 'kgj esa vaxwj ds ckxku vkSj Qwyksa ds cxhps cgqrk;r esa gSaA 77-2 çfr'kr yksx jkseu dSFkksfyd gSaA

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dqN nwljh #fp;kWa gSa \**eSa gWalk v©j eSaus dgk] ^^rqe yksx dsoy ;©u dh ckr djrs gks] rqe lksprs gks fd] tks vkneh

vdsyk ;k=k dj jgk gS] og ludh gS] dksbZ ,slk] ftlds Åij rqEgsa 'kadk djuh pkfg,A eSa ,di;ZVd gwaW] eSa –';ksa dk voyksdu dj jgk gwWA eSa v©jrksa dks rks dgha “h ns[k ldrk gWwaA**

viuh vkaW[kksa esa dqN le>nkjh ds lkFk] mlus esjh vksj ns[kk v©j eSaus dgk] ^êSa rqEgsa ,ddgkuh lqukÅWaxk] tks eSa tkurk gwWaA ;s lR; gSA ;s ^bZMu ds ckx (Garden of Eden)* dh dgkuhdh] nwljh O;k[;k gSA** ^êgku /keksZa ds iwjs bfrgkl esa dqN dgkfu;kWa gSa] ftuds Åij dqN yksxfo'okl djrs gSa] ijarq nwljs dqN] ftudh 'kk;n cM+h xgjh var–Zf"V gS] mldks ,d fdEcnarh(legend) gh le>rs gSa] tSls fd fdEcnafr;kWa] dqN tkudkfj;ksa dks fNikus ds fy,] cukbZ tkrh gSa]tks fdlh euq"; ds lkeus çdV ughaa gksuh pkfg,] D;ksafd mu gkFkksa esa ,slk Kku [krjukd gks ldrkgSA

,slh gh dgkuh vFkok fdEcnarh] bZMu ds ckx esa] vkne (Adam) v©j ,o (Eve) dh gS]tgkWa ,o&,d liZ ls yypk xbZ Fkh v©j ftleas mlus Kku ds o`{k ls rksM+ dj Qy [kk fy;k Fkk]v©j liZ ds }kjk yypk;s tkus ij] v©j Kku ds o`{k ds [kk;s tkus ij] mUgksaus ,d nwljs ij utjx<+k dj ns[kk v©j ns[kk fd] os uaxs FksA bl fNis gq, Kku dks ikus ds ckn] mUgsa bZMu ds ckx esajgus ls euk dj fn;k x;kA

^ôkLro esa] bZMu dk ckx] vKku dk ,d vPNk ns'k gS] ftlesa dksbZ fdlh pht ls Mjrkughaa] D;ksafd dksbZ le>rk gh ughaa gS] ftlesa dksbZ ,d] vius lÒh bjknksa v©j mís';ksa ds fy,] ,dcUnxksÒh ¼dh ÒkWafr½ gS ijarq rc ;gkWa] bl dgkuh dh] ,d vf/kd 'kk'or O;k[;k gSA

^^vkneh v©j v©jr] dsoy dadky ds Åij Fkksis gq,] ekal p<+s] –O;eku çksVksIykTe ds fiaMughaa gSaA vkneh] mldh rqyuk esa dkQh ÅWaph pht gS] ;k gks ldrk gSA ;gkWa bl i`Foh ij] ge viusvf/kLo;a (Overself) ;k vkRek ds gkFkksa dh dBiqrfy;kaW gSa] og vkRek] tks vLFkkbZ:i ls lw{e'kjhjesa jgrh gS v©j tks bl ekaly 'kjhj ds ek/;e ls] vuqÒo çkIr djrh gS tks fd] lw{e'kjhj ds gkFkksaesa ,d midj.k] dBiqryh ek= gSA

^thorRofoKkuh (Physiologists) v©j nwljs yksx] euq"; ds 'kjhj dh phj&QkM+ dj pqds gSa]v©j mUgksaus gj pht dks ekal v©j gfì;ksaa rd lesV dj j[k fn;k gSA os bl gìh] v©j ml gìh dsÅij fopkj dj ldrs gSa] os fofÒé vaxksa ds Åij fopkj dj ldrs gSa] ijarq ;s lc “©frd phtsa gSaAvÒh rd] mUgksaus nwljh vewrZ] vLi"V] jgL;iw.kZ phtksa dks( os phtsa] ftudks “kjrh;] phuh] v©jfrCcrh yksx] bZlkbZ /keZ ds vkus ds 'krkfCn;ksa igys ls] 'krkfCn;ksa ls tkurs Fks] [kksts ughaa gSas] v©j ugha [kkstus dk ç;Ru fd;k gSA

ôkLro esa] jh<+ dh gìh (spine) ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ lajpuk gSaA blesa Luk;qukM+h (spinalcord) jgrh gS] ftlds fcuk fdlh dks “h ydok ekj ldrk gS] ftlds fcuk dksbZ “h ekuo ds :iesa csdkj gS] ijarq jh<+ dh gìh] blls dgha vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA Luk;q ukM+h ds Bhd chp esa] Luk;qrarq (cord) ,d uyh gS] tks nwljs vk;ke rd foLrkfjr gksrh gSA ;s og uyh gS] ftlds Åij 'kfä]ftls dq.Mfyuh dgrs gSa] tc txkbZ tkrh gS] ;k=k djrh gSA jh<+ dh gìh ds vk/kkj esa] ftls iwohZyksx] ^liZ dh vkx (serpent fire)* dgrs gSa] gksrh gSA ;s vius vki esa thou dk ewy vk/kkj gSA

^,d v©lr if'peh vkneh ds fy,] mi;ksx esa u vkus ds dkj.k] yxÒx ydok gqbZ voLFkkesa] ;s 'kfä fuf"Ø; jgrh gS] lksrh jgrh gSA okLro esa] ;s dqaMyh ekjs gq, ,d liZ dh “kWafr] Luk;qrarq ds vk/kkj esa jgrh gS] ,d vR;f/kd 'kfä'kkyh liZ] ijarq tks] fofÒé dkj.kksa ls] vius dqN le;ds fy,] viuh dqaMyh esa ls fudy ughaa fudy ldrkA ;g fefFkd vkÑfr] liZ dh dqaMyh dgykrh

62

gSa] v©j txk;s gq, iwohZ yksxksa esa] ;s liZ dh 'kfä] jh<+ dh ukM+h esa gksrs gq,] Åij dh vksj lh/ksefLr"d rd mBrh gS v©j mlds “h vkxs vkdk'k esa tkrh gSA tc ;s Åij mBrh gS] rks bldhmRiknd 'kfä;kWa] pØksa vFkok 'kfä ds dsUæksa esa ls çR;sd dks] tSls fd ukfÒ (umbilicus)] xyk]v©j nwljs vU; “kxksa dks] lfØ; dj nsrh gSA tc ;s dsUæ tx tkrs gSa] O;fä v©j vf/kd thoar]'kfä'kkyh v©j çÒko'kkyh gks tkrk gSA

^liZ dh 'kfä ij iwjs fu;a=.k ds lkFk] dksbZ “h O;fä] yxÒx dqN “h çkIr dj ldrk gSAdksbZ igkM+ksa ij p<+ ldrk gS vFkok ikuh ij py ldrk gS vFkok gok esa ÅWapk mB ldrk gS vFkokvius vkidks] tehu ds vanj lhycan fd, x, çdks"B esa] nQuok ldrk gS] ftleas ls og fdlhfo'ks"k le; ds ckn] ftank fudyrk gSA

^bl rjg] ge bl fdEcnarh esa ikrs gSa fd] ,o ,d liZ ds }kjk yypkbZ xbZ FkhA nwljs'kCnksa esa] ,o dq.Mfyuh ds ckjs esa tku xbZ FkhA og viuh jh<+ ds ewyk/kkj esa dqaMyh ekjh gqbZ 'kfädks eqä djus esa lQy gqbZ] tks lq"euk ukM+h esa gksrh gqbZ] Åij mBh v©j ftlus efLr"d dks txkfn;k v©j mls Kku çnku fd;kA bl çdkj] bl dgkuh esas ;s dgk tk ldrk gSa fd] mlus Kku dso`{k ls Qy] vFkok ml isM+ ds Qy dks [kk fy;kA mlds ikl ;s Kku Fkk v©j mlds lkFk ogvkne ds fopkjksa dks v©j bjknksa dks] mlds çÒkeaMy dks] ns[k ldrh Fkh v©j vkne “h] ,o ds }kjkyypk;k x;k] mlus viuh dqaMfyuh dks tkxzr fd;k v©j og ,o dks ml :i esa ns[k ldk] tSlhog FkhA

lR; ;s gSa fd] nksuksa us ,d nwljs ds çÒkeaMyksa dks ns[kk] v©j ,d nwljs ds uaxs lw{e'kjhjdks ns[krs gh] tks euq"; 'kjhj ds diM+s mrkj nsus ds ckn dh 'kDy gS] og nwljksa ds fopkjksa] viuhbPNkvksa v©j vius iwjs Kku dks] ns[k ldk] tks fd] vkne v©j ,o ds mé;u (evolution) ds igysughaa gksuk pkfg, FkkA ¼vFkkZr~ tc rd euq"; dk iw.kZr% mé;u ugha gks tkrk rc rd mldhdq.Mfyuh tkxzr ugha gks ldrh½

^iqjkus iqtkjh tkurs Fks fd] dqN fof'k"V voLFkkvksa esa çÒkeaMy dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS] ostkurs Fks fd] daqMfyuh dks ;©u ds }kjk txk;k tk ldrk gSA blfy, iqjkus fnuksa esa iqtkjh i<+krsFks fd] ;©u ikiiw.kZ Fkk] fd ;©u lÒh cqjkbZ;ksa dh tM+ Fkk] v©j pwafd ,o us vkne dks yypk;k];©u] fo'o ds iru dk dkj.k cukA mUgksaus bls fl[kk;k D;ksafd] dbZ ckj] tSlkfd eSa dg pqdkgwaW] ;©u] dqaMfyuh esa] tks vf/kdka'k yksxksa esa lq"kqEuk ds ewy esa] fuf"Ø; iM+h jgrh gS] mFky&iqFkydj ldrk gSA

^^dqaMfyuh 'kfä lfiZykdkj esa uhps iM+h jgrh gS] ,d vR;ar 'kfä'kkyh 'kfäA ;g ÄM+h dhfLçax dh rjg ls fyiVh jgrh gSA tSls ÄM+h dk ,d fLçax] vpkud gh [kksyk tk,] rks og [kjkchiSnk dj ldrk gS ;k Lo;a [kjkc gks ldrk gSA ;g fof'k"V 'kfä lq"kqEuk ds ewy esa fLFkr jgrh gS]bldk ,d “kx] okLro esa] iqu#Riknu vaxksa (organs of reproduction) ds vanj gksrk gSA iwoZ dsyksx bls igpkurs gSa( dqN fuf'pr fgUnw] ;©u dks vius /kkfeZd mRloksa esa mi;ksx esa ykrs gSa v©j osfof'k"V ifj.kkeksa dks çkIr djus ds fy,] fofÒé çdkj dh ;©u eqæk;sa] rFkk ;©u vfÒO;fä(manifestation) ds nwljs çdkjksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] v©j blls mUgsa ifj.kke çkIr gks tkrs gSaAiqjkru dky esa] 'krkfCn;ksa&'krkfCn;ksa igys] ;©u dh iwtk gksrh FkhA os fyax dh iwtk djrs FksAeafnjksa esa fuf'pr mRlo gksrs Fks] ftuesa dqaMfyuh 'kfä dks txk;k tkrk Fkk] ftlls fdlh dksvrhfUæ; Kku] nwjkuqÒwfr v©j vusd vU; 'kk'or 'kfä;kWa çkIr gks tkrha FkhaA

^^;©u dks Bhd ls] ,d fuf'pr rjhds ls] çse esa mi;ksx fd;k tk, rks fdlh ds daiu tx(rise) ldrs gSaA bls] iwoZ ds yksx] dey ds Qwy dk f[kyuk] v©j czãyksd dks igWqapuk dgrs gSaA

63

blls dqaMfyuh Åij mBrh gS v©j dqN fuf'pr dsUæksa dks txk nsrh gS ijarq ;©u v©j dqaMfyuh dkdÒh “h nq#i;ksx ughaa djuk pkfg,A fdlh dks “h] ,d nwljs dk vuqiwjd v©j iwjd gksuk pkfg,Aos /keZ] tks ;s dgrs gSa fd ifr v©j iRuh ds chp ;©u O;kikj ughaa gksuk pkfg,] nq%[kn:i ls xyrgSaA bZlkbZ er dh dbZ] v©j dbZ] 'kk[kkvksa esa lansgkLin:i ls bldh odkyr dh xbZ gSA jkseudSFkksfyd] lR; ds vf/kd utnhd gSa] tc os ifr v©j iRuh dks ;©u dk vuqÒo çkIr djus ds fy,dgrs gSa] ijarq dSFkksfyd] ;s ughaa tkurs gq,] va/ks gks dj bldh odkyr djrs gSa] v©j ;s fo'okldjrs gq, fd] ;s dsoy ek=] cPpksa ds çtuu ds fy, gS] tks ;©u dk eq[; mís'; ughaa gS] ;|fivf/kdka'k yksx blesa fo'okl djrs gSaaA

^^rc] ;s /keZ] tks ;g dgrs gSa fd] fdlh dks ;©u dk vuqÒo ughaa gksuk pkfg, okLro esa]O;fä fo'ks"k ds mé;u dks v©j laiw.kZ çtkfr ds mé;u dks “h nck jgs gSaA ;s bl çdkj dk;Zdjrk gS % pqacdRo esa dksbZ] inkFkZ ds lÒh v.kqvksa dks ,d fn'kk esa O;ofLFkr (align) djrs gq,]'kfä'kkyh pqacd çkIr djrk gSA lkekU;r% yksgs ds ,d VqdM+s esa] mnkgj.k ds fy,] lÒh v.kqcsrjrhc :i ls fdlh “h fn'kk esa] ,d vuq'kklughau “hM+ ds :i esa gksrs gSaA ;s csrjrhc :i lstes jgrs gSa] ijarq tc] ,d fuf'pr cy] ¼yksgs ds ekeys esa] ,d pqacdu cy½ yxk;k tkrk gS] lÒhv.kq ,d gh fn'kk esa O;ofLFkr gks tkrs gSa] bl çdkj dksbZ] pqacdRo dh çcy 'kfä çkIr dj ldrkgS] ftlds fcuk u rks jsfM;ks curk v©j u fo|qr mRié gksrh] ftlds fcuk u rks lM+d gksrh v©j ujsy ;krk;kr gksrk vFkok ok;q;k=k laÒo gksrhA

^^euq";ksa esa] tc dqaMfyuh dks txk;k tkrk gS] tc liZ dh vfXu ftank gks tkrh gS] tc'kjhj ds lÒh v.kq ,d gh fn'kk esa O;ofLFkr gks tkrs gSa D;ksafd] dqaMfyuh 'kfä tx jgh gksrh gS]lÒh v.kqvksa dks ml fn'kk esa [khap ysrh gSA rc euq"; dk 'kjhj] thou ls v©j LokLF; ls] thoargks tkrk gSA ;g Kku esa “h 'kfä'kkyh gks tkrk gS] ;g lc dqN ns[k ldrk gSA

^^dqaMfyuh dks iwjh rjg ls tkxzr djus ds fofÒé rjhds gSa] ijarq ;s flok; muds] tks iwjhrjg ls mé;u dks çkIr gks pqds gS]a fdlh vU; ds }kjk ughaa fd;k tkuk pkfg, D;ksafd] tkxzr gksusds ckn] ;s nwljksa ds Åij gkoh gksus dh] vR;ar çcy 'kfä çnku djrh gS] v©j bl 'kfä dknq#i;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk cqjkbZ ds fy, mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA ijarq] ,doSokfgd ;qXe ds chp] çse ls] v©j dqN dsUæksa dks tkxzr djds] dqaMfyuh dks vkaf'kd :i ls tkxzrfd;k tk ldrk gSA ijekuan (ecstasy) dh voLFkk esa] 'kjhj ds v.kq] bl çdkj O;ofLFkr gks tkrsgSa fd] muesa ls cgqr ls] ,d gh fn'kk esa fLFkj jgrs gSaA bl çdkj] ;s yksx egku xfr'khy]'kfä'kkyh yksx cu tkrs gSaA

^^tc lÒh çdkj dh feF;k&fouezrk (false modesty) v©j ;©u ds laca/k esa xyr f'k{kkgVk nh tkrh gS] rks ,d ckj fQj] euq"; ÅWapkbZ rd mB ldrk gS] ,d ckj fQj] euq"; flrkjksard tkus okys ;k=h ds :i esa] viuk LFkku çkIr dj ldrk gSA**

64

v/;k; ikWap

mNyrh gqbZ 'kfä ds lkFk dkj pyrh jgh] fd fdlh “h ioZrh; njsZ us mls jksd ughaa ik;kv©j u gh vVdk ik;kA esjk ;k=h] dÒh&dÒh] dsoy vlk/kkj.k l©Un;Z ds LFkkuksa ds fn[kus ijiwNrs gq,] 'kkafr ls esjs cxy esa cSBk FkkA ge ekfVZXuh ds okrkoj.k esa igWqaps v©j mlus dgkA ^^vkitSls prqj vkneh ds :i esa] vkius vuqeku dj fy;k gksxk fd] eSa ,d 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh gWwaA D;kvki esjs lkFk] jkf= “kst ij lkFk ns dj] vuqxzghr djsaxs \

^^eq>s çlérk gksxh Jheku~] eSaus tokc fn;kA** eSaus 'kq: esa] #dus ls igys] ,Xys (Aigle)30

rd tkus dk fopkj cuk;k Fkk] ijarq blds ctk; esa] vc eSa bl 'kgj esa #dWwaxkA** tc rd fd ge ,d cgqr vPNs gksVy rd ughaa igqaWp x,] ge pyrs x,] og eq>s fn'kk

funsZ'k djrs x,A esjk vlckc vanj ys tk;k x;k] eSaus dkj dks pyk dj xSfjt esa j[kk v©j mldhlkQ&lQkbZ ds fy, funsZ'k fn,A

jkf= dk [kkuk cgqr gh vkuannk;d Fkk] esjs iwoZ ds ;k=h v©j vc estcku] ,d cgqr ghetsnkj laokniVq] O;fä FksA vc og esjs ckjs esa] vius çkjafÒd lansg ls mcj pqds FksA ,d iqjkukfrCcrh fl)kar fd] ^^tks ftruk T;knk lqurk gS] mruk gh T;knk lh[krk gS]** eSaus mUgsa iwjh rjgckr djus fn;kA mUgksaus dLVe ds ekeyksa ij ckrphr dh] v©j eq>s ,d rkts ekeys esa crk;k]ftlesa ,d ewY;oku dkj esa >wBs iSuy yxs Fks] ftuesa eknd inkFkZ j[ks x, FksA ^^eSa ,d lk/kkj.ki;ZVd gwaW]** eSaus dgk] ^^v©j eknd inkFkZ] thou esa esjh ,d cM+h ukilan gSA D;k vki esjh dkj dhijh{kk djsaxs fd] D;k blds vanj dksbZ >wBk iSuy yxk gS \ vkius eq>s vÒh ,d ekeys ds ckjs esacrk;k gS] ftlesa budks ekfyd dh tkudkjh ds fcuk yxk;k x;k FkkA** esjs ckj&ckj tksj nsus ij]dkj dks pyk dj LFkkuh; iqfyl eq[;ky; ij ys tk;k x;k v©j iwjh jkr ds fy,] mudks ijh{kkdjus ds fy, NksM+ fn;kA lqcg eq>s ,d iqjkus v©j fo'oLr fe= dh rjg vfÒoknu fd;k x;kAmUgksaus dkj ds çR;sd bap dh ijh{kk dh Fkh v©j mls iwjh rjg “ksyh (innocent) crk;k FkkA eSausik;k] fLol iqfyl] l©gknZiw.kZ] feyulkj v©j ,d i;ZVd dks enn djus ds fy, ges'kk rS;kj FkhA

vius fopkjksa ds lkFk] bl ij fopkj djrs gq, fd] “fo"; ds xrZ esa esjs fy, D;k “jk gS] eSavdsyk pyrk x;kA esjs nq[k v©j ;kruk;sa] ftUgsa eSa tkurk Fkk] D;ksafd gj “fo";oäk us bl ckrdh Bksd ctk dj psrkouh nh Fkh( esjs ihNs] yxst ds foÒkx esa] esjs ikl ,d vkneh dk lkeku Fkk]dkxt Fks] ftUgsa eSaus ys fy;k FkkA mlds dksbZ Kkr fj'rsnkj ughaa Fks] esjs leku] og “h bl nqfu;kWaesa vdsyk gh fn[kkbZ iM+rk FkkA mldh ;k vc esjh isfV;ksa esa] tgktjkuh vfÒ;kaf=dh (marineengineering) dh dqN fdrkcsa FkhaA eSaus dkj dks jksdk v©j fu;e iqfLrdk (manual) dks ckgj ysfy;kA tSls&tSls eSaus xkM+h pykbZ] eSus fofÒé fu;eksa dks] ftUgsa tgkth vfÒ;ark ds :i esa] eq>stkuuk pkfg, Fkk] xk dj ;kn dj fy;kA eSaus ,d fÒé iafä (line) dk ikuh dk tgkt çkIr djusdh ;kstuk cukbZ( foltZu iqfLrdk eq>s ;g crkrh Fkh fd] igpkus tkus ds Mj dh otg ls] eq>sfdl ykbu ds tgkt dks NksM+uk gSA

esjs uhps] ehyksa fudyrs pys x,A ,sXys] ykslkus] v©j lhek ds ikj] teZuh esaA teZuh dslhek lqj{kk çgjh cM+s Bksl Fks] mUgksaus gj pht dh tkWap dh] batu v©j Vk;j ds uacj “hA os iwjhrjg ls galh etkd foghu] :[ks v©j dBksj FksA

30 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ,Xys fLoV~jtjyS.M dk ,d ftyk gSA 'kgj esa yxÒx 9600 dh vkcknh gS] ftleas ls 37 çfr'kr fons'kh gSa] ;s jksu ÄkVh ds iwohZ fdukjs ij gSA[kqnkbZ esa feys feÍh ds crZuksa vkSj x<+s gq;s lkekuksa ls Kkr gqvk gS fd ;s dkL; ;qx] dh lH;rk okyk LFkku gS vius fLFkfr vkSj bVyh ls lM+d lEidZ gksuss

ds dkj.k] ;s vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ 'kgj gS] blds vf/kdka'k yksx ¼80 çfr'kr½ Ýkalhlh Òk"kk cksyrs gSaA

65

eSa yxkrkj (on and on)] pykrk x;kA dkyZJwg ij] eSa ml irs ij x;k] tks eq>s fn;kx;k Fkk v©j ;s dgk x;k Fkk fd] og vkneh] tks rqels feyus okyk gS] og yqMfox'kkQsu(Ludwigshafen) esa jgrk gSA blfy, eSaus yqMfox'kkQsu rd xkM+h pykbZ v©j ogkWa] eSaus mlvejhdh dks] ,d lcls vPNs gksVy esa ik;kA ^^vksg] th nksLr (Gee Bud)]** mlus dgk] ^êSa bldkj dks igkM+ dh lM+dksa ds Åij ughaa ys tk ldrk gWwa] esjh ukfM+;kWa [kjkc gks xbZ gSaA** eSaus^^vuqeku fd;k]** cgqr vf/kd 'kjkc ihrk gSA** eSaus “h ,slk vuqeku fd;kA gksVy esa mldk dejkckj dh yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk iwjh rjg] ckj dh rjg ls] /;ku nsus ;ksX; [kjkc] FkkA mls] eq>s dqN v©jfn[kkuk Fkk v©j] tks dqN eSaus bVyh esa NksM+k Fkk] mlls vf/kd gh fn[kk;kA mlds fnekx esa dsoyrhu gh fopkj Fks] teZu&ekdZ] 'kjkc] v©j ;©u] blh Øe esaA vejhdu] dkj dh gkyr ls cgqrvf/kd çlé gqvk] dksbZ [kjksap ughaa v©j nkx&/kCckas jfgr] ,dne lkQA mlus ç'kalk esa] blsvejhdu Mkyj dh “kjh “saV ds :i esa] fpfUgr fd;kA

rhu eghus rd] eSaus mlds fy, dke fd;k] “kjh&Òkjh Vªdksa dks] pyk dj fofÒé 'kgjksa rdys tkuk v©j dkjksa dks okil ykuk] tks nqckjk ls lq/kkjh v©j cukbZ tk;saxhaA eSa ughaa tkurk Fkk]fd ;s lc fdl lEca/k esa Fkk] eSa vÒh “h ughaa tkurk] ijarq eq>s vPNk “qxrku fd;k tkrk Fkk] v©jeq>s tgkth vfÒ;kaf=dh dh iqLrdsa i<+us ds fy, dkQh le; fey tkrk FkkA fofÒé 'kgjksa esa] eSausLFkkuh; vtk;cÄjksa dks ns[kk v©j /;ku ls lÒh tgkth çkn'kksZa (models)] v©j tgkth batuksa dsçkn'kksZa dh tkWap dhA

rhu eghus ckn] og vejhdh] ml cspkjs NksVs dejs dh rjQ vk;k] ftldks eSaus fdjk;s ijfy;k Fkk] v©j esjs fcLrj ij ilj x;kA ml LFkku ij] cncwnkj flxkj cgqr vf/kd cncw nsrh gqbZFkhA ^^th] nksLr]** mlus dgk ^^D;k iôk gS fd] rqe vkjkerych esa ughaa iM+rs gksA vejhdk dh tsydh ,d dksBjh] blls vf/kd vkjkensg gksrh gSA esjs ikl] rqEgkjs fy, ,d dke gS] ,d cM+k dkeArqEgsa pkfg, \**

^^;fn ;g eq>s ys gkozs (Le Havre)31 ;k 'ksjoxZ (Cherbourg)32 ds leqæ ds ikl ys tk,]**eSaus dgkA Bhd gS] ;s rqEgsa osjMu (Verdun)33 ys tk;sxk v©j ;s iwjh rjg oS/k gSA esjs ikl] cM+s&cM+sifg;ksa dh] ,d xkM+h (Rig) gS] dSVjfiyj (caterpillar)34 dh ftruh VkaWxsa gksrh gSa] mlls vf/kdifg;ksa okyhA pykus ds fy,] ;s ,dne ikxy pht gSA blesa ¼dekus ds fy;s½ dkQh MkWyj gSaA

^êq>s blds ckjs esa crkvks]** eSaus mÙkj fn;kA ^êSaus rqEgsa crk;k Fkk fd] eSa dksbZ “h pht pykldrk gwaWA D;k rqEgkjs ikl] Ýkal esa ços'k djus ds fy, dkxtkr gSa \**

^^;i]** mlus dgkA ^êSa rhu eghus ls mUgsa ikus dk bartkj dj jgk gwWaA ge rqEgsa çrh{kk esaj[k jgs gSa v©j dqN tsc [kpZ dekus ns jgs gSaA ;|fi] vuqeku yxkvks fd] eSaus rqEgkjs ckjs esa] bltSlh [kjkc txg esa jgus ds lWca/k esa dÒh lkspk “h ughaa FkkA

og mBk v©j eq>s vius ihNs ckgj vkus dk b'kkjk fd;kA xyZÝs.M ds lkFk] njokts ij31 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ys gkozs (Le Harve) Ýkal ,d dk cM+k 'kgj gS tks bafXy'k pSuy ds rV ij vkSj lkbZu (Seine) unh ds nka;s fdukjs ij gSA bldk

cUnjxkg] ekjlsyh ds ckn] Ýkal eas nwljs LFkku ij gSA ys gkozs dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS] ^cUnjxkg dk uxj* vkSj blds cUnjxkg dks fdax Ýkadksbl çFke (kingFrancois I) us 1570 esa cuk;k FkkA ys gkosz esa ekuoksa dh mifLFkfr] 4 yk[k o"kZ igys ls ekuh tkrh gSA bldk okrkoj.k] lkekU; leqæh okrkoj.k gSA ;gkWa fujUrjrh[kh gok;sa pyrh jgrh gSaA gok ;k rwQku u vkus okys fnu fxus pqus gh gksrs gSaA 16 vDVwcj 1987 dks gokvksa dh xfr] lokZf/kd 180 fdyksehVj çfrÄaVk ukih xbZFkhA ;gkWa ys gkosz vkWDVsfcys uke dk gokbZ gìk gS] tks 'kgj ds ikap fdyksehVj mÙkj esa gSA ;gkWa 1894 ls 1997 rd Vªkesa pyrh Fkha] ftUgas vÒh iquthZfor fd;k x;k gSA13 fdyksehVj yEcs u;s Vªke rU= esa] tks 12 fnlEcj 1912 dks 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk] 23 LVs'ku gSaaA

32 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % 'ksjoxZ (Cherburgh) 'kgj] Ýkal ds mÙkj if'peh fgLls esa gSA blesa yxÒx 40 gtkj yksx jgrs gSaA cq/kokj 10 vçsy 1912 dks VkbZVsfuduked tgkt] tks ckn esa nqÄZVukxzLr gqvk] bafXy'k pSuy dks ikj djrs gq,] ;gkWa vk;k FkkA ;g Òh cUnjxkg dk 'kgj gSA

33 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % osjMwu (Verdun) Ýkal dk 'kgj vkSj mlds es;wl (Meuse) çkUr dh jkt/kkuh gSA bldh vkcknh yxÒx 20 gtkj vkSj {ks=Qy yxÒx 31oxZ fdyksehVj gSA ;s 'kgj cknkeksa ds fy;s çfl) gSA blus vusd ;q) ns[ks gSaA ;s çFke vkSj f}rh; fo'o ;q)ksaa esa Òh vNwrk ugha jgkA

34 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % frryh vFkok ekWFk ds ykokZ dks dSVjfiyj dgk tkrk gSA vf/kdka'k dSVjfiyj 'kkdÒ{kh gksrs gSa ijUrq lÒh ughaA dqN dhVÒ{kh dSVjfiyj Òh gksrsgSaA budk jax vf/kdka'kr% mu ikS/kksa ds jaxksa ds lkFk esy [kkrk gS] ftUgsa ;s [kkrs gSaA budk vkdkj ,d feyhehVj ls ysdj 75 feyhehVj rd gks ldrk gSA buds ckytgjhys gksrs gSa vkSj ekuo LokLF; ds fy;s gkfudkjd gksrs gSaA budh cgqr lkjh Vkaxsa gksrh gSa vkSj ;s jsax dj pyus okyk tho gksrk gSA

66

mldh dkj rS;kj FkhA ^^rqe pykvks]** [kqn ml efgyk ds lkFk ihNs cSBrs gq,] mlus dgkA eSa rqEgsafn'kk crkÅWaxkA** ge ogkWa] yqMfoxlkQsu (Ludwigshafen)35 ds ckgj dh rjQ] tks ,d R;kxk gqvkok;q{ks= yxrk Fkk] #dsA ogkaW] ,d cM+s lk;scku ds uhps] ,d vuks[kh e'khu Fkh] ftldks eSaus igysdÒh ughaa ns[kk FkkA ftlesa eq[;:i ls ihys jax ds xMZj Fks] tks vkB QqV okys ifg;ksa dh iwjhJà[kyk ds Åij] tek;s gq, FksA gkL;kLin:i ls] tehu ls dkQh Åij] dkWap dk ,d dsfcu FkkAe'khu ds ihNs dh rjQ] ,d NksVs xMZjksa ds tky dh] teh gqbZ Jà[kyk] v©j cM+s&cM+s LVhy ds csypsFksA Mjrs&Mjrs eSa mldh lhV ij p<+kA ^^dgks**] vejhdu us dgk] ^^D;k vc rqEgsa gS.Mcqd ughaapkfg, \** og igWqapk] v©j blds dk;Zdyki ls lacaf/kr ,d iqfLrdk eq>s nhA ^êsjs ikl ,d u;kyM+dk gS] **mlus dgk] ^^ftls eSa] xyh esa ls dwM+k mBkus okys ,d Vªd ij “strk FkkA mlus iqLrdughaa i<+h v©j tc og vius fBdkus ij igWqapk] mlus ik;k fd] o{k gj le;] iwjh rjg ls tehu dhlQkbZ djrs jgs gSa v©j og iwjh rjg “qxr pqds gSaA rqedks eSa] ;gkWa ls ys dj csMjksy rd] lM+d dksbl rjg ls rksM+us nsrs gq,] ughaa pkgrkA**

fdrkc esa maxfy;kWa pykrs gq,] eSaus 'khÄz gh batu dks pkyw dj fn;kA mlus mM+ku “jrs gq,tgkt dh rjg ls] gaxkek fd;kA Mjrs&Mjrs] eSaus Dyp dks Mkyk v©j fo'kkydk; (mammoth)e'khu] ijs'kkuh c<+krs gq,] lk;oku eas ls fudy dj] ,d ju os ds Åij py nhA eSaus] mldkvH;Lr gks tkus ds fy;s] e'khu ds fu;a=.kksa ij idM+ cukus ds fy;s] mls dbZ ckj Åij uhpspyk;k] v©j tc eSa lk;cku esa tkus ds fy, okil eqM+k] ,d teZu iqfyl dkj] py dj lkeusvkbZA ,d iqfyl esu ckgj fudykA ÄfV;k lk fn[kus okyk og vkneh] ,slk yxk ekuks] mlusvÒh&vÒh xSLVkiks (Gestapo)36 ds fcYys dks yxk;k gSA ^^rqe mls fcuk fdlh lgk;d ds pyk jgsgks]** og xqjkZ;kA

^^lgk;d \** eSaus lkspk] ^^D;k og lksprk gS fd] eq>s ,d j[kokys dh t:jr gS \** eSaus mls,d rjQ ls] cxy ls pyk;kA ^^Bhd gS] rqEgsa D;k ijs'kkuh gS \** eSa tksj ls ph[kkA ^^;s ,d futhlaifÙk gSA “kx tkvks** esjs iwjs vk'p;Z ds lkFk] mlus ,slk fd;kA og viuh dkj esa cSBk v©j mlseSnku ds ckgj pyk fn;kA

vejhdu py dj mlds ikl x;kA ^^rqEgsa D;k dkV jgk gS] nksLr \** mlus dgkAeSa rqEgsa ;g crkus ds fy, vk;k gwWa fd] og e'khu] lM+d ij dsoy rÒh py ldrh gS

tcfd] mlds lkFk] vksojVsd djus okys okguksa dh] ihNs dh rjQ ls fuxjkuh djus ds fy,] ,dlgk;d gksA mls dsoy tc rd fd] rqEgkjs vkxs v©j ihNs] ,d&,d iqfyl dkj gks] jkr ds oägh pyk;k tk ldrk gSA ,d {k.k ds fy, eSaus lkspk fd] og ;s dgus vk jgk gS ^^t;] fgVyj]**rc og eqM+k] viuh dkj esa cSBk] v©j pyk x;kA

^^th** vejhdu us dgkA ^^;s fuf'pr :i ls eqxksZa dh yM+kbZ dks gjk nsrk gSA ;sfuf'pr :i ls ,slk djrk gSA eSa ,d teZu] ftldk uke yqMfox gS] tks ------ dks tkurk gWwaA

^êsjs fy;s ughaa]** eSa mxzrk ls fpYyk;kA ^^dksbZ teZu ughaa] os eq>s gn ls T;knk mckÅ yxrsgSaA**

^^Bhd gS] nksLr] Bhd gSA teZuh dk jgus okyk dksbZ ughaaA vf/kd ijs'kku u gks] fp<+ks erAesjs ikl ,d Ýkalhlh gS] ftls rqe ilan djksxsA eklsZyA vkvksA ge mls ns[kus tk;saxsA** eSaus e'khudks lk;cku esa [kM+k dj fn;k] v©j mldh rjQ] ;s ns[kus ds fy;s fd] gj pht cUn dj nh x;h

35 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % yqMfox'kkQsu (Ludwigshafen) teZuh dk ,d 'kgj gS tks jkbZu (Rein) unh ds fdukjs ij ekugkbZu ds ,dne lkeus gSA vktdy ;s ,dvkS|kSfxd 'kgj ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ;gka ch-,-,l-,Q- uke dk varZjk"Vªh; LRkj dk jklk;fud dkj[kkuk gSA bZlk iwoZ ,d 'krkCnh esa jkseu yksxksa us bl {ks= ds Åijviuk vf/kdkj dj fy;k FkkA bldh orZeku vkcknh yxÒx 2 yk[k gSA

36 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % xSLVkiks] ukth teZuh rFkk teZuh }kjk dCtk, x;s ;wjksi esa dk;Zjr xqIr] teZu iqfyl dk uke gS] ftldk xBu 1933 esa fd;k x;k FkkA

67

gS] ns[kk v©j njokts dk rkyk can djrs gq,] Vgyrs gq,] ckgj fudy x;kA ^^D;k rqe dÒh mf}Xuughaa gksrs gks \** vejhdh us dgkA vuqeku gS] rqe gekjs fy;s xkM+h vPNh pykvksxsA

eklsZy dks 'kjkc dh nqdku ls ckgj [khapuk iM+kA igyh utj ls ns[kus ij] eSaus lkspk fd]mldk psgjk ÄksM+s dh Vkiksa ls dqpyk x;k gSA nwljh utj ls ns[kus ij] eSa bl ckr ls dk;y gqvkfd] ;fn mldk psgjk] okdbZ ÄksM+s dh Vkiksa ls dqpyk x;k gksrk] rks vf/kd vPNk gksrkA eklsZy “íkFkkA d"Vçn :i ls “ík] ijUrq mlesa ,slk dqN Fkk fd] eSa mls ns[kuk ilan djus yxkA dqN le;ds fy;s] 'krksaZ ij ppkZ djrs gq,] og e'khu ij cSBk] rc eSa e'khu dks pykus ds fy;s ml ij y©Vkv©j bl çdkj mldk vH;Lr gks x;kA tSls gh eSa] “nÒnkrs gq, jkLrs ij pyk] eSaus ,d lq/kkjh gqbZ]iqjkuh dkj dks pyk, tkrs gq, ns[kkA eklsZy O;xzrkiwoZd gkFk fgykrs gq,] dwn dj ckgj vk x;kAeSus vkjke ls e'khu dks mlds cxy ls fLFkj [kM+k dj fn;kA ^^esjs ikl gS] esjs ikl gS** ogmÙksftr gksdj fpYyk;kA dkQh b'kkjsckth ds lkFk] og viuh dkj dh rjQ eqM+k v©j mldsyxÒx uhph Nr okys njokts ls viuk flj QksM+ fy;kA vius flj dks lgykrs gq, v©j cM+cM+krsgq,] NksVh dkj ds fuekZrkvksa ds fo#) Mjkouh ykur “strs gq,] mlus fiNyh lhV ds lkeku dksmyV&iqyV dj Mkyk v©j ,d cM+s iklZy ds lkFk ckgj vk;kA ^^baVjdke]** og tksj ls fpYyk;kAog ges'kk gh ph[k dj ckr djrk gS] “ys gh og eq>ls dqN bap nwjh ij gh gksA ^^baVjdkWe] geckr djrs gSa] gkaW \ rqe ogkaW] eSa ;gkWa] chp esa rkj gS] ge gj le; ckr djrs gSaA Bhd gS \** viuhvkokt dh cqyanh ij ls ph[krs gq,] rkjkas v©j v©tkjkas dks lc txg [khaprs gq,] og vFkZewoj(earthmover) ij dwn iM+kA ^^rqedks gasMlsV pkfg,] ughaa \** og >Yyk;kA ^^D;k rqe eq>s brukvPNk lqu ldrs gksA eq>sA esjs ikl ekbZd gSA** og miæo ls mcj jgk Fkk] eSa bl fu"d"kZ ij igqWapkfd] baVjdkWe dh vko';drk ughaa FkhA mldh vkokt] vPNs rjhds ls] 'kfä'kkyh batu dhQVQVkgV ls ÅWaph FkhA

eSaus] eksM+ksa ij vH;kl djrs gq,] v©j phtksa dk vH;Lr gksrs gq,] ¼e'khu dks½ v©j vkxspyk;kA eklsZy] xkVjksa (girders) ds rkjksa dks ejksM+rs gq,] Qqndrs v©j cfr;krs gq,] e'khu ds lkeusls ihNs rd pykA esjh ^^dkWfyax Vkoj** rd vkrs gq,] mlus ,d “qtk ls] [kqyh f[kM+dh ds Åij/kôk ekjk] eq>s da/ks ij tksj ls FkiFkik;k] v©j ph[kk] ^^gsaMlsV] rqe mls vius Åij igu yks] gkWa \rqe bruk vPNk lqu ldrs gksA #dks & eSa okil tkrk gWwa** og e'khu ds nwj ds fiNys fgLls esa]xkVjksa ds lkFk&lkFk] “kx x;k mlus lLrh 'kjkc mM+syh] v©j fpYykrs gq, ekbØksQksu esa dgkA^^D;k rqEgsa Bhd lqukbZ nsrk gS \ gkaW \ eSa vkrk gWwaA vius bl mYykl esa] og “wy x;k Fkk fd] esjsikl “h ,d ekbZØksQksu gSA yxÒx blls igys fd] eSa vius v©tkjkas dks bdÎk dj ikrk] ogf[kM+dh ij tksj dh pksV ekjrs gq,] okil vk x;kA ^^vPNk \ vPNk \ rqe vPNk lqu ysrs gks \**

^^dfg;s]^^ vesfjdh us dgk] ^^rqe yksx vkt jkr dh NqV~Vh j[kks] lÒh dkxtkr ;gkaW gSa]eklsZy tkurk gh fd] jkLrs esa Ýkad dekus ds voljksa dks “qukrs gq,] rqEgsa dSls isfjl ys tk;k tk;s]rqedks tku dj vPNk yxsxkA vesfjdu] esjs thou ls pyk x;kA 'kk;n og bls i<+sxk v©j esjsçdk'kd ds ek/;e ls] fQj ls esjs lEidZ esa vk;sxkA eSa vius ,dkar dejs esa pyk x;kA eklsZyuk'rs ds fy;s LFkkuh; txg ij x;kA ckdh iwjs fnu ds fy;s eSa lks;kA

va/ksjk gksus ds lkFk] eSaus [kkuk [kk;k v©j lk;oku esa ls xkM+h dks ckgj fudkykA esjk yxstvc U;wure rd ÄV pqdk FkkA eSaus mls viuh lhV ds ihNs dh txg esa j[k fn;kA batu 'kq: gqvkncko larks"ktud Fks] bZa/ku ds uki dk ikB~;kad iwjk FkkA gsMykbV lkekU;:i ls dke dj jgh FkhAeSaus /khes&/khes pykrs gq,] e'khu dks [kqys esa yk dj [kM+k dj fn;k v©j mls xje djus ds fy;s]jkLrs ij FkksM+k pyk;kA pUæek ÅWapk] v©j ÅWapk mBrk pyk x;kA ek'kZy dk dgha ukeksfu'kku ughaa

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FkkA batu ds can djus ds ckn] eSa ckgj fudyk v©j vklikl ÄwekA cgqr nsj ckn] ,d dkj eSnkuesa vk;h] v©j eklsZy ckgj fudykA ^^ny (party)]^^ og tksj ls fpYyk;kA ^^vyfcyk nyA vc gepyrs gSa] gkW\^^

fp<+ dj] eSaus batu dks nqckjk 'kq: dj fn;k] rst jks'kuh dks tyk fn;k v©j py dj ckgjlM+d ij vk;kA eklsZy bruk T;knk tksj ls cksy jgk Fkk fd] eSaus bZ;jQksu viuh xnZu esa Mkyfy;s v©j muds ckjs esa iwjh rjg ls “wy x;kA vkxs] ehykas nwj ij] teZu iqfyl dh ,d dkj] esjslkeus vkdj #d xbZA ^^rqEgkjs psgjs ij uhan yx jgh gSA fdlh vkneh ds ihNs fcuk fuxkg j[ksgq,] xkM+h dks pykus esa] rqe fu;eksa dk mYyaÄu dj jgs gksA ^^ eklsZy lesVrk gqvk vk;k] ^êSa \uhan esa \ rqe lh/kk ughaa ns[k jgs gks] flikgh] D;ksafd eSa vkjke ls cSBk gwW v©j rqe n[kyUnkth djjgs gksA flikgh v©j utnhd vk;k v©j esjh lkal dks lko/kkuh ls lwWaÄkA ^ûghaa ;s lk/kq gS]^^ eklsZy usdgkA ^^;s 'kjkc ughaa ihrkA u gha] v©jrsa]^^ mlus ckn ds fopkj ds :i esa dgkA

^^rqEgkjs dkxtkr]^^ flikgh us dgkA mlus] dksbZ cgkuk <w<+us ds fy;s] eq>s ijs'kku djus dsfy;s] mUgsa lko/kkuhiwoZd tkWpkA rc mlus esjs] vesfjdh tgkth vfÒ;Urk gksus ds] dkxtkr ns[ksA^^,slkA rks rqe vesfjdh gks \ Bhd gS] rqEgkjs jkLrs ij] ge rqEgkjs okf.kT;nwr ds lkFk] dksbZ ijs'kkuhughaa pkgrsA^^ dkxtksa dks okfil djrs gq,] ekuks fd os czsd ds dkj.k] nwf"kr gks x;s gksa] og okfilviuh dkj esa cSBk v©j rsth ls pyk x;kA eklsZy dks ;g crkrs gq, fd] eSaus mlds ckjs easa D;klkspk] eSaus mldks viuh lhV ij “st fn;k] v©j ge] iPphl ehy çfr Ä.Vk dh xfr ls] xfr ftlij ges pyus ds funsZ'k fn;s x;s Fks] iwjh jkr “j pyrs jgsA Ýkal dh lÙkj ehy nwj ¼fLFkr½ lhek]gedks vuUr nwjh ij çrhr gqbZA ge] lkjczqdsu (Saarbrucken)37 ds Bhd ifgys #ds] geus lM+ddks NksM+ fn;k rkfd] ifjogu esa ck/kk ughaa iM+s] v©j iwjk fnu ogkW xqtkjus dh rS;kjh dhA [kkus dsckn] eSaus vius dkxtkr fy;s v©j lhek ds ikj tkus ds vkns'k ysus ds fy;s] eSa LFkkuh; iqfylp©dh ij x;kA eksVj lkbfdy ij lokj ,d flikgh vkxs v©j ,d ihNs] ge cxy dh lM+dksa ijjsaxrs jgs] tc rd fd ge lhek 'kqYd dh p©dh ij ughaa igqWp x;sA

eklsZy vius ewy esa] vius Ýkafllh ge oru yksxksa ds lkFk] ckrphr dj jgk FkkA eSaus ik;kfd] og v©j dLVe dk ,d vkneh] ftls gesa ^^çfrjks/k^^ esa fey pqds Fks geus yxÒx vdsys gh] j.kthr fy;k! gekjs dkxtkr dh tkWp gksus ds lkFk gh] gesa Ýkal ds {ks= esa tkus dh btktr ns nhxbZA lhek 'kqYd ds fe=or~ vkneh us] eklsZy dks iwjs fnu vius lkFk j[kk] v©j eSa e'khu ds xkVjksads cxy ls yq<+d x;k v©j lks x;kA

cgqr cgqr ckn] okLro esa] nqfu;kWa ds fglkc ls ejk gqvk eklsZy] nks Ýkafllh flikfg;ksa dsçÒkj esa vk;kA eq>s vkW[k ekjrs gq,] mUgksaus mls] mldh lhV ij cka/k fn;k] v©j çlérk ls] eq>s esjsjkLrs ij fonkbZ nhA eSa va/ksjs esa 'kksj epkrk gqvk] vkxs pykA ,d rkdroj e'khu esjs uhps Fkh] v©jesjs ihNs Fkk ,d 'kjkch ^ûtfj;k**A iwjs le; eSaus] fdlh ds pgydneh djus dh ;k iqfyl dkjksadh ncs ikWo tkus dh lko/kkuh iwoZd fuxjkuh dhA ,d flikgh rsth ls xqtjrk gqvk vk;k] mlusviuh f[kM+dh esa ls >qd dj ckgj dh rjQ ns[kk] eklZy dh rjQ ,d migkliw.kZ (derisory)“afxek cukbZ] vfÒoknu esa vius gkFk dks fgyk;k v©j rsth ls fudy x;kA

eSV~t (Metz) esjs dkQh ihNs gksrs gq,] v©j eklsZy esa thou dk dksbZ fpUg ughaa gksrs gq,] “heSaus mls lM+d ds cxy dh vksj [khapk] ckgj fudyk v©j mls ns[kus ds fy;s pykA og xgjh uhanesa Fkk] fdrus gh xgjs npds] mldks txk ughaa lds Fks] blfy;s eSa fQj vkxs pykA “ksj gksus okyk

37 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % lkjczwdsu teZuh ds lkjyS.M çkUr dh jkt/kkuh gSA ;s Ýkafllh lhek ds lehi fLFkr gSA 1909 esa bls rhu {ks=ksa dks feyk dj cuk;k x;k FkkAf}rh; fo'o ;q) esa blds Åij cgqr Òkjh ceckjh gqbZ FkhA

69

FkkA eSa osjMwu (Verdun)38 dh xfy;ksa esa gks dj pyk v©j] ,d cM+h dkj ds [kM+s djus dh txg(car park) ij igqWpk] tks esjk y{; FkkA

^^yksclkax^^] ihNs ls fdlh us muhanh vkokt esa dgkA ^^;fn rqeus vÒh ¼pyuk½ 'kq: ughaafd;k rks gesa nsj gks tk;sxhA^^

^^nsj \^^ eSaus dgkA ^^ge osjMwu esa gSa]^ôgkW ,dne e`r 'kkafr FkhA rc ,d foLQksV] ^ôsjMwu\^^^^lquks eklsZy]^^ eSaus dgkA rqe esjs ikl cqjh rjg fi;s gq, v©j vlgk; fLFkfr esa yk;s x;s

FksA rqedks rqEgkjh lhV ls cka/k fn;k x;k FkkA v©j iwjk dke eq>s djuk iM+k] eq>s viuk jkLrk [kqnirk djuk iM+kA vc rqe pyrs cuks v©j esjs fy;s uk'rk ykvksA pyrs cuksA^^ dM+k n.M ik djeklsZy yM+[kM+k;k] var esa uk'rs ds lkFk y©Vus ds fy;s] xyh ds uhps dh rjQ x;kA

ikWp Ä.Vksa ds ckn] ,d NksVk lakoyk vkneh] ,d iqjkuh jsuksYV (Renault) dkj dks pykrkgqvk vk;kA ge nksuksa ds chp esa dksbZ ckr ughaa gqbZ( [kjksap ns[kus ds fy;s] v©j dksbZ “h pht ns[kusds fy;s] ftlds laca/k esa og f'kdk;r dj lds] lko/kkuh ls mldk fujh{k.k djrs gq,] og vFkZewojdh rjQ vk;kA mldh eksVh “ksagsa] mlds ukd ds lsrq ds Åij] ,d MaMs dh rjg fey jgha Fkha]ukd] tks fdlh le; rksM+h xbZ Fkh v©j nqckjk cqjh rjg cukbZ xbZ FkhA var esa] og gekjs iklvk;kA ^^rqe esa ls Mªkboj d©u gS\^^

^êSa gwW]^^ eSus dgkA ^^rqe bldks] esV~t dks okfil ys tkvksxs ^ mlus dgkA ^ûghaa]^^ esjk mÙkj Fkk] ^êq>s ;gkW ykus dk “qxrku fd;k gSA lÒh dkxtkr ;gkW ds fy;s

cuk;s x;s gSaA esjk dke blds lkFk iwjk gqvkA^^mldk psgjk xqLls ls yky gks x;k] v©j esjhs cspSuh ds vuqlkj] mlus viuh tsc esa ls] ,d

dekuhnkj pkdw fudkykA eSa mls vklkuh ls] gfFk;kj foghu djus esa leFkZ Fkk] pkdw esjs da/ks dhrjQ vk;k] v©j og laokyk vkneh] viuh ihB ds cy yEc ysV iM+k FkkA esjs vk'p;Z ds fy;s] T;ksagh eSaus vius vklikl ns[kk] eSaus ns[kk fd] dkexkjksa dh ,d cgqr cM+h “hM]+ vk igqWph gSA ^^blusckWl dks fxjk fn;kA^^ ,d us dgk( ^^blus ,slk fd;k gksxk] nwljk vk'p;Z ls cM+cM+k;kA fgald :ils og laWkoyk vkneh] ,d jcj dh mNyrh gqbZ xksyh dh rjg ls] tehu ls mB dj [kM+k gks x;kAdk;Z'kkyk (workshop) esa n©M +dj Äqlrs gq,] mlus ,d yksgs dk M.Mk mBk fy;k] mlds ,d fljsij tcM+k cuk FkkA og M.Mk] can isfV;ksa dks [kksyus ds fy;s] dke esa yk;k tkrk FkkA n©M+rs gq,]dle [kkrs gq,] esjs xys dks QkM+us dh dksf'k'k esa] og esjs Åij VwV iM+k] eSa vius ÄqVuksa ds cyfxj x;k v©j mlds ÄqVuksa ij idM+ dj nck fn;kA og iwjh rjg Mj dj ph[kk] v©j viuh ckabZVkaWx rqM+okrs gq,] tehau ij fxj x;kA yksgs ds M.Ms us] mlds ukM+h jfgr gkFk dks NksM+ fn;k v©jog tehu ij fQly x;k] v©j dgha /kkrq ls Vdjk;kA

^^Bhd gS ckWl]^^ T;ksa gh eSa vius iSjksa ij [kM+k gqvk] eSaus dgkA rqe esjs ckWl ughaa gks] ,s! vcrqe Bhd ls ekQh ekaxks ;k eSa rqEgsa v©j vf/kd vPNh ls ihV nwwWA rqeus esjh gR;k djus dh dksf'k'kdh FkhA^^

^^MkWDVj cqykvks] MkWDVj cqykvks]^^ og ÄqjÄqjk;k] ^êSa ej jgk gwWA^^^îgys ekQh ekaxks]^^ eSaus rh[ks Loj esa dgk] ^^;k rqedks mBkus okyksa dh t:jr gksxhA^^

38 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % osjMwu (Verdun) uxj es;wl (Meuse) unh ds fdukjs ij clk gqvk] mÙkj&iwohZ Ýkal dk ,d NksVk 'kgj gS] ftldh vkcknh 80 gtkj dsyxÒx gS] tks vius 1792 vkSj 1916 ds ;q)ksa ds fy;s çfl) gSA pkSFkh 'krkCnh ls ;g osjMwu ds fo'ki dh ihB (seat) jgh gSA çFke fo'o;q) ¼21 Qjcjh 1916& 20fnlEcj 1916½ esa ;gkWa teZu vkSj Ýkalhlh QkStsa vkeus lkeus yM+ha Fkha]] ftlesa Ýkal fot;h gqvk FkkA 12 oha 'krkCnh ds ckn ls] tc bUgsa Ýkalhlh jktdqekjksa ds cifrLesads volj ij] turk esa ckaVk x;k Fkk] ;g uxj phuh p<+s cknkeksa (sugared almonds) ds fy;s çfl) jgk gSA [kk| çlaLdj.k (food processing) vkSj jklk;fud m|ksx(chemical industry) çeq[k gSaA ;gkWa yxÒx 5 yk[k i;ZVd çfro"kZ vkrs gSaA

70

^^;gkW D;k gks jgk gS\ , \ ;s D;k gS \ nks ÝkWlhlh iqfyl okyksa us “hM+ esa /kôk nsrs gq,]ckWl dh rjQ tehu ij ns[kk] v©j cgqr gh f[kyf[kyk dj gWalsA ^^dSls \] dSls \^^ ,d xqjkZ;kA^^v©j bl rjg] vkf[kj esa] mls ,d vPNk vkneh fey gh x;kA ;s blh yk;d gS D;ksafd] ;s gesaijs'kku djrk FkkA^^ iqfyl ds flikgh us esjh vksj vknj Òko ls ns[kk] v©j rc esjs dkxtkrksa dksns[kus ds fy;s ekaWxkA vklikl [kM+s rek'kchu yksxksa ls lwpuk,sa çkIr djds] v©j bl fcUnq ij larq"Vgksrs gq,] os eqM+s v©j vkxs pys x;sA “wriwoZ ckWl us ekQh ekaxh] mldh vkW[kksa esa] 'kfeZafZnxh ds vkaWlwFks] rc eSa mlds cxy ls ÄqVuksa ij cSB x;k] mldh VkWx dks Bhd ls cSBk;k] v©j isVh ckWa/kus dhr[rh ls nks cksMZ ys dj] mudks [kifPPk;ksa ds :i esa dl dj cka/k fn;kA ekslsZy xk;c gks x;k FkkAog bl ladV ls v©j esjs thou ls “h “kx x;k FkkA

esjs nks lwVdsV “kjh Fks] mUgsa vFkZewoj ls ysrs gq,] eSa viuh ;k=k ds nwljs pj.k ij] ckgjxyh esa pykA esjs ikl dksbZ dke ughaa Fkk v©j eSa fdlh dks tkurk “h ughaa FkkA eklsZy] viuk “stk^'kjkc esa Mkys gq, vpkj esa] ,d VwVh gqbZ ckWlqjh* fl) gqvkA ojMwu us ml {k.k eq>s vkdf"kZr ughaafd;kA ,d xqtjus okyk] mlds ckn nwljk xqtjus okyk] eSa fn'kkvksa ds iwNus ds fy;s #dk fd] eSajsy ds LVs'ku dSls tkWÅ] ftlls fd eSa vius lwVdsl] ogkW tek djk ldwWA gj vkneh ;g lksprkgqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk Fkk fd] eSa ,d /kuoku gksÅWaxkA ctk; jsYos LVs'ku iwNus ds] ;q) ds eSnku dksns[krs gq,] eSa pyk ijUrq var esa] eq>s LVs'ku dh fn'kk çkIr djus esa lQyrk fey x;hA cgq/kkvkjke djrk gqvk] lqLrkrk gqvk v©j vk'p;Z djrk gqvk fd] eSa D;k&D;k Qsad ldrk gwW] ftllsesjk otu gYdk gks tk;s] eSa fj;w ikWbuds;j (Rue Poincare)39 ds lkFk&lkFk pykA fdrkcsa] ughaaNksM+ ldrk Fkk] eq>s mUgsa cgqr laÒky dj j[kuk Fkk] O;kikfjd tgktjkuh (merchant navy) dhcfnZ;kW \ fuf'pr gh] ,d vko';drk gSA vfuf'pr:i ls] eSa bl fu"d"kZ ij igqWpk fd] esjs ikldsoy vR;ko';d lkeku gh gSA eSa 'ksoVZ (Chevert) LFkku rd iSj ÄlhVrs gq, pyk] lh/ks gkFk dhvksj eqM+rs gq, eSa] Dokb Ms yk fjifCyd (Quai de la republic) igqWpkA es;wt (Meuse) unh dsÅij VªsfQd dks ns[krs gq,] v©j tgktksa ds çfr vk'p;Z djrs gq,] eSaus FkksM+h nsj vkjke djus dkfu'p; fd;kA ,d cM+h flVªkstu] (Citrogen)40 /khes ls esjh rjQ f[kldh] /kheh iM+h v©j var esaesjs ikl #d x;hA ,d yEcs] dkys cky okys vkneh us dqN {k.kksa ds fy;s] esjh vksj ns[kk v©j rcog ckgj pyk x;kA esjh vksj pyrs gq, mlus dgk] rqe ogh vkneh gks] ftlus ^^ckWl dks ihVus dsdkj.k] gekjk lEeku fnyk;k gS \^^

^^eSa gwW]^^ eSaus tcko fn;kA D;k og dqN v©j pkgrk gS \^^vkneh gWalk v©j mlus mÙkj fn;k] ^^lkyksa ls] mlus ftys dks vkrafdr dj j[kk gS] iqfyl

“h mlls Mjrh FkhA mlus ;q) esa dqN cM+s dke fd;s Fks] ,slk og dgrk gSA D;k rqEgsa dksbZ dkepkfg;s \^^ eSaus] tcko nsus ls igys] lko/kkuh ls ml vkneh dks ns[kkA gkW] eSa pkgrk gwWA eSaus mÙkjfn;k] ;fn ;s iwjh rjg dkuwu lEer gksA

^^tks dke eSa rqEgsa crkuk pkgrk gwW] og dkQh oS/kkfud gSA^^ og #dk v©j esjh rjQ ns[k djeqLdkjk;kA ^^rqe ns[kks] eSa rqEgkjs ckjs esa lc dqN tkurk gwWA eklsZy dks rqEgas ;gkW ykus dks dgk x;kFkk] ijUrq og “kx x;kA eSa rc ls rqEgkjh lÒh ;k=kvksa ds ckjs esa] v©j rqEgkjh :lh ;k=k ds ckjs esatkurk gwWA eklsZy us rqEgsa vesfjdu ls feyk gqvk] ,d i= fn;k Fkk v©j rc eq>ls ls “kx x;ktSlk mlus rqels dgkA^^ D;k tky gS] eSaus lkspkA rFkkfi] eSaus vius vki dks lkWaRouk nhA ;s ;wjksih;yksx] ge iwohZ yksxksa ds vis{kk] phtksa dks dqN fÒé rjhds ls gh djrs gSaA

39 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % j~;w ikbuds;j (Rue pinecare)] eksafVª;y] tks dukM+k vejhdk lhek ij gS] dk ,d bykdk gSA 40 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % flVª+kstu (Citrogen)] dkj dk ,d czk.M gS] ftls Ýkal dh ,d dEiuh cukrh gS] ftls 1919 esa ,aMsjs flVª+kstu uked Ýkalhlh us LFkkfir fd;k

FkkA ;s yxÒx rsjg yk[k dkjsa çfro"kZ cukrh gSA

71

vkneh us eq>s b'kkjk fd;kA ^^viuh isfV;ksa dks dkj esa j[kks v©j eSa rqEgsa nksigj dk [kkukf[kykus ys tkÅWaxk rkfd ge ckr dj ldsaA^^ ;s okLro esa] dke dh pht FkhA de ls de] eSa munksuksa “;kud isfV;ksa ls] FkskM+s le; ds fy;s] gkFk esa ls gVk nsus ds fy;s eqä] gks tkÅWaxkA [kq'kh lseSaus mu nksuksa dks yxst ds foÒkx esa j[k fn;k v©j mlds cxy ls cSB x;kA og dkj dks lclsvPNs gksVy dksdgkMhZ (Coq Hardi) dh vksj pyk dj ys x;k] tgkW Li"V:i ls] og cgqr vPNhrjg ls ifjfpr FkkA esjs foLe; v©j vkuan ds lkFk] mlus esjh lÒh lkekU; vko';drkvksa dks]uk'rs ds le; vkus okyh] esjh vis{kkvksa ds vuqlkj iwjk fd;kA

^^;gkW] nks cw<+h efgyk;sa gS] ,d p©jklh lky dh v©j nwljh mU;klh lky dh]^^ mlus eq>spkjksa rjQ /;ku ls ns[krs gq, dgkA ^ôs nksukas] muesa ls ,d] vius iq= ds ikl] tks isfjl esa jgrkgS] tkuk pkgrh gSA mUgksaus nks “a;dj ;q) ns[ks gSa v©j os Mkdqvksa ls cgqr Mjha gqbZa gSa & cw<+s yksxksa esabl rjg ds Mj gksrs gh gSa] & vr% mUgsa ,d l{ke vkneh pkfg;s] tks mUkdh j{kk dj ldsA osvPNk “qxrku dj ldrha gSaA

v©jrsa \ cw<+h v©jrsa \ tokuksa ls rks vPNh gha gSaA eSaus lkspk] ijUrq fQj eSaus bl fopkj dksvf/kd ilan ughaa fd;kA rc eSaus viuh “kjh isfV;ksa ds ckjs esa lkspkA fopkj fd;k fd] eSa isfjl dSlstk jgk FkkA ^^;s le>nkj cw<+h v©jrsa gSa]^^ ml vkneh us dgkA ^^muesa ,d gh [kjkch gSA rqe iSarhlehy çfr Ä.Vk ls vf/kd ughaa pyksxsA^^ /;kuiwoZd] eSaus cM+s dejs esa] ljljh utj ls ns[kkA nks cw<+hv©jrsa] rhu estksa ds ckn cSBha gqbZa FkhaA ^^cq) dk ifo= nkWr]^^ eSaus vius vki ls dgkA ^êSa fdldsfy;s vk;k Fkk \^^ esjh vkW[kksa ds lkeus] mu nksuksa lwVdslksa ds fp= vk x;sA “kjh isfV;kW] isfV;kWftUgsa eSa gYdk ughaa dj ldrk] iSlk v©j og “h vPNk iSlk] eq>s ;s vklku yxkA eSa tc vesfjdkesa ,d jkstxkj dh ryk'k esa jgwWxkA eSaus f[kUUkrkiwoZd vkg “jh v©j dgk] ^ôs vPNk iSlk nsaxh] rqeusdgkA v©j dkj ds ckjs esa D;k \ eSa okil bl jkLrs ij vkus okyk ughaa gwWA^^

^^gkW] esjs nksLr] os cgqr vPNk iSlk nsxhaA dkmaVsl (Countess)41 ,d /kukM~; efgyk gSAdkj \ og vius yM+ds dks migkj esa nsus ds fy;s] ,d ubZ dkj ys jgh gSA vkvks mlus feyksA^^ ogmBk v©j nksuksa cw<+h v©jrksa dh vksj pykA mlus bruk uhps >qdrs gq,] esjk ifjp; djk;k fd] mluseq>s Ygklk esa] ifo= jkLrksa ds rhFkZ ;kf=;ksa dh ;kn fnyk nh] dkmaVsl us vius ukpÄj ds dkaWp esagks dj] na“ “jh –f"V ls] esjh vksj ns[kkA

^^v©j bl çdkj] rqe vius vki dks] gesa Bhd ls lqjf{kr dkj esa pyk dj ys tkus dh]{kerk j[krs gks] esjs vkneh \^^

eSaus “h mldh rjQ mruh gh voKk ds lkFk ns[kk v©j tcko fn;kA ^^Jherh th] eSa vkidkvkneh ughaa gwWA tgkW rd lqj{kk dk loky gS] esjk thou] esjs fy;s mruk gh ewY;oku gS] ftrukvkidk] Li"V:i ls] vkids fy;s gSA eq>s vkils] Mªkbfoax ds laca/k esa ckr djus dks dgk x;k gS]ijUrq eSa Lohdkj djrk gwW fd] esjs “h dqN loky gSa dqN lansg gSaA^^

yEcs {k.kksa ds fy;s] mlus B.Ms gks dj esjh vksj ns[kk] rc mlds tcM+ksa dh iFkjhyh –<+rkdqN <hyh iM+h] v©j og ,d tukuh gaWlh esa QwV iM+hA ^^vkg!^^ og vk'p;Zpfdr gks dj cksyh] ^êSaFkksM+h] vkRek dks ilWan djrh gwWA og bu fnuksa esa bruh fojyh gks xbZ gSA ge dc pyuk 'kq: djldrs gSa \^^

^^geus vÒh rd 'krksZ ds Åij fopkj ughaa fd;k] v©j u gha] eSaus vkidh dkj ns[kh gSA ;fneSa jkth gwW] vki dc tkuk pkgrh gSa \ v©j vki eq>ls xkM+h D;ksa pyokuk pkgrh gaS\ fuf'pr:i ls;gkW Ýkalhlh vknfe;ksa dh ck<+ gksxh] tks ;gkW xkM+h pykuk pkgsaxs \^^

41 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vehj dh L=h] dqyhu L=h] csxe] dkmaVsl

72

'krsZ] tks mlus j[kha] cgqr vPNh Fkha] tks dkj.k mlus fn;s] og “h vPNs FksA^^ eSa “h ,dcgknqj vkneh dks çkFkfedrk nsrh gwW] ,d vkRek okyk vkneh] ,d ftlus LFkkuksa v©j thou dksns[kk gksA ge dc py jgs gSa \ ftruk tYnh rqe rS;kj gksA^^

eSaus mUgsa nks fnu fn;s] v©j rc geus ,d vkjkensg fQ;sV dkj esa ;k=k 'kq: dhA geusyxÒx vLlh ehy nwj] jkbZEl (Reims) tkus okyh lM+d ij pyuk 'kq: fd;k v©j rc geus ogkWjkr xqtkjhA lqLrh ls] rhl ls isarhl ehy çfr Ä.Vk dh xfr ij] eq>s vxy&cxy ls nsgkr ns[kusdk v©j vius fopkjksa dks bdVBk djus dk dkQh le; feyk] ftUgsa esjh ;k=kvksa ds dkj.k] vÒhrd idM+us dk eqf'dy ls gh le; fey ik;k FkkA vxys fnu] geus nksigj dks 'kq: fd;k v©jisfjl esa pk; ds le; ij igqWpsA miuxj esa] mlds iq= ds Äj ij] eSaus dkj dks xsjst esa [kM+k fd;kv©j fQj] vius nksuksa lwVdslksa ds lkFk esa] pyuk 'kq: fd;kA ml jkr dks eSa] isfjl ds lLrs lsfoJke xg esa lks;kA vxys fnu] eSaus fdlh pht ds ckjs esa ns[kk] tks eq>s 'ksjcxZ ;k ys gkozs ys tkldsA

dkj ds O;kikjh esjh igyh ilan FksA D;k dksbZ vkneh dkj dks 'ksjcxZ (Cherbourg) ;k ysgkozs (Le Havre)“ tkuk pkgrk gS \ eSa Fkdk gqvk] ,d O;kikjh ls nwljs O;kikjh rd] ehyksa rdpykA ughaa] ughaa] dksbZ esjh lsokvksa dks ughaa pkgrkA fnu ds var esa] fQj ml lLrs ls NksVs foJkex`g esa okfil x;k v©j ,d d"V ds –'; dks ns[kkA ,d vkneh flikfg;ksa }kjk ys tk;k tk jgk Fkkv©j nwljs us f'kdk;r dh FkhA ,d VwVh gqbZ lkbfdy] vxyk ifg;k iwjh rjg ejksM+k gqvk] lM+d dsfdukjs iM+k gqvk FkkA vkneh] tks dke ls Äj okfil vk jgk Fkk] us vius da/ks ij eqM+ dj ihNs dhvksj ns[kk] rÒh mldk vxyk ifg;k] ,d ukyh esa Qal x;k] v©j og mNy dj gSf.My ds Åijfxj x;kA mlds nka;s V[kus esa] cqjh rjg eksp vk xbZ FkhA ^êsjh u©djh pyh tk;sxh] esjk jkstxkjpyk tk tk;sxk]^^ og nq[k euk jgk FkkA ^êq>s dy QuhZpj igqWpkus ds fy;s] fl;ku (Caen)42

tkuk FkkA^^fl;ku \ uke eqf'dy ls gh ifjfpr FkkA fl;ku \ eSaus fQj ns[kkA 'ksjoxZ (Cherbourg)

ds jkLrs ij] v©j isfjl ls yxÒx ,d l© iPphl ehy nwj] ,d 'kgjA ;s 'ksjcxZ ls eksVs r©j lsfipgÙkj ehy igys FkkA eSaus bl ij lkspk v©j fopkj fd;kA ^êSa 'ksjcxZ tkuk pkgrk gwW ;k ys gkozs(Le Havre)]^^ eSaus dgkA ^^;fn] dksbZ vkneh] esjs lkFk xkM+h dks okfil ykus ds fy;s gks] rks eSaQuhZpj dh xkM+h ij tkÅWxk v©j rqEgkjk dke d:WxkA rqe blds fy;s iSlk ys ysukA eSa dsoyviuh ;k=k ls gh larq"V gks tkÅWxkA**

mlus esjh rjQ vkuUn ls ns[kkA ^îjUrq gkW] ,slh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS] esjk lkFkh pykldrk gS] gesa] ;gkW ls QuhZpj dks ,d cM+h nqdku ls ynokuk iM+sxk v©j mls fl;ku rd ys tkdj mrjokuk iM+sxkA^^ rsth ls dk;Z djds ,slh O;OkLFkk dh xbZA dy lqcg] eSa ,d QuhZpj <ksusokys lgk;d ds :i esa] fcuk “qxrku ds] tkus okyk FkkA

gsujh] Mªk;oj] vklkuh ls vleFkZrk dk çek.ki= çkIr dj ldkA dsoy ,d pht tks Fkh]og ,d iksLVekLVj FkkA og dke ls th pqjkus dh gj isarjsckth dks tkurk FkkA nqdku dh utj lsvks>y gksrs gh] mlus jksdk v©j dgk] ^^rqe xkM+h pykvks] eSa Fkdk gqvk gWwA^^ og Vgy dj ihNs pykx;k v©j lcls vf/kd vkjkensg QuhZpj] tks “h mls feyk] ds Åij tkdj ilj x;k v©j lksx;kA eSaus xkM+h pykbZA

fl;ku esa mlus dgk] ^^rqe QuhZpj dks mrkjuk 'kq: djks] eSa bu dkxtkr ij gLrk{kj djkywwWA^^ tc rd og y©Vk] nks vknfe;ksa dks NksM+ dj gj pht] Äj esa mrj pqdh FkhA vkxs >qd dj

42 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % flvku] bafXy'k pSuy ls yxÒx 15 fdyksehVj nwj] mÙkj&if'peh Ýkal dk ,d yk[k ls vf/kd vkcknh okyk ,d uxj gSA

73

[kM+k gksus okyk og vkneh] fQj ,d ekyh ds lkFk y©Vk] ftlus eq>s phtksa dks mrjokus esa enndhA mlus gesa funsZf'kr fd;k rkfd nhokjksa dks uqdlku ughaa igqWpsA geus lkeku dks mrjok;k] eSaMªkboj dh lhV ij cSBkA gsujhs] fcuk dqN lksps&fopkjs] esjs cxy esa cSBkA eSaus xkM+h dks eksM+k v©jjsyos LVs'ku] tks eSaus vkrs le; gh dgha jkLrs esa ns[k fy;k Fkk] dh rjQ ys x;kA eSa ogkWa #dk]vius nksuksa lwVdsl fy;s v©j gsujh ls dgk] ^^vc rqe pykvksA^^ blds lkFk gh] eSa eqM+k v©j LVs'kuesa Äql x;kA

ogkW chl feuV esa] 'ksjoxZ ds fy;s ,d xkM+h vkus okyh FkhA eSaus viuk fVdV [kjhnk v©j[kkus ds fy;s dqN pht yh] v©j Bhd rÒh jsy vk xbZA c<+rh gqbZ 'kke esa] ge n©M+rs jgsA 'ksjcxZuxj ds LVs'ku ij] eSaus viuh nksuksa isfV;ksa dks NksM+ fn;k v©j DokbZ Ms y^,saVªiksVZ (Quaide l'Entport) ij #dus dh dksbZ txg ryk'kus ds fy;s Äwerk fQjkA var esa eq>s] ukfodksa ds fy;scuh ,d ljk;] fey xbZA eSa Äqlk] ,d lk/kkj.k lk dejk fdjk;s ij fy;k] iSls dk vfxze “qxrkufd;k] v©j viuk lkeku ysus ds fy;s okfil x;kA Fkdk gqvk gksus ds dkj.k] eSa fcLrj ij x;k v©jlks x;kA

lqcg ftruk laÒo gks ldrk Fkk] ljk; esa jgus okys nwljs ukfodksa ds lkFk feyk tqyk] tkstgktksa dk bartkj dj jgs FksA egku l©ÒkX; ds lkFk] eSa vxys dqN fnuksa esa] canjxkg ij [kM+s gq,tgktksa ds batu :e esa tkus ds fy;s l{ke gks ik;kA lIrkg ds chp] ,d fu;qfä ds laca/k esa] tkseq>s vaVkykfVad egklkxj ds ikl ys tk lds] eSaus tgktjkuh ,tsaVksa dh ryk'k dhA ,tsaV esjsdkxtkr ns[krs] esjh foltZu iqfLrdk dks ns[krs] v©j iwNrs] ^^vPNk] NqVVh eukus ds fy;s rqEgsa iSlksadh raxh gS] blfy;s ,d rjQ dh ;k=k ds fy;s dke djuk pkgrs gks] Bhd gS] ge rqEgkjk /;kuj[ksaxsa v©j ;fn ,slh dksbZ pht vkrh gS] rks ge rqEgsa crk,saxsA eSa ukfodksa ds lkFk] mudh 'kCnkoyhdks lh[krs gq,] O;fä;ksa ds ckjs esa lh[krs gq,] vf/kd ls vf/kd feyk tqykA dqy feyk dj] eSaus oglc lh[kk] ftldks fdlh us de dgk v©j eSaus vf/kd lquk] fdlh dh] cM+s vkneh dh] çfr"Bk]mldh ç[kjrk cu tkrh gSA

var esa] dqN yxÒx nl fnu ds ckn] eq>s ,d tgkt ds ,tsaV ds vkWfQl esa cqyk;kx;kA ,d NksVk] pksdksj lk fn[kus okyk vkneh] ,tsaV ds ikl cSBk FkkA ^^D;k rqe vkt jkr dkspyus ds fy;s rS;kj gks] ;fn t:jr gks \^^ ,tsUV us iwNkA

eSa vÒh pyus dks rS;kj gwW Jheku] ^^eSaus tcko fn;kA NksVk pksdksj vkneh] eq>s cgqr djhcls ns[k jgk FkkA rÒh mlus] rsth ls] ç'uksa dh c©Nkj] ,sls ygts esa] ftls eSa eqf'dy ls gh le>ik jgk Fkk] dj nhA ^^;gkW dk çeq[k] ,d LdkWVh (Scotsman) vkneh gS] mldk rhljk bathfu;jchekj gks x;k gS v©j vLirky esa “rhZ gSA og rqEgsa mlds lkFk rqjUr ckgj “stuk pkgrk gS]^^,tsUV us vuqokn djrs gq, dgkA cM+h ,dkxzrkiwoZd] eSa ml LdkWVh vkneh dh ckr dk 'ks"k fgLlkle> ik;k v©j larks"kiw.kZ <ax ls mlds ç'uksa dk mÙkj ns ik;kA ^^viuk lkeku yknks]^^ var esamlus dgk] ^^v©j tgkt ds Åij vk tkvksA

ljk; ij okfil vkdj eSaus tYnh ls mlds fcy dks fuiVk;k] viuh isfV;ksa dks mBk;k] v©jtgkt ds cxy esa tkus ds fy;s] ,d eksVj dks fdjk;s ij fy;kA og] tax [kk;h gqbZ] nq%[kiwoZd isUVds ,d vLrj dh ekax djrh gqbZ v©j [ksntud <ax ls] vaVykfVad egklkxj dks ikj djus ds fy;sdkQh NksVh] lq/kkjh gqbZ iqjkuh xkM+h FkhA ^^;s]^^ tgkt ds MkWd ij ,d vkneh us dgkA ^^mlus viuhtokuh xqtkj nh gS] v©j mlds ckn ds leqæ esa og varfM+;kWa ckgj fudky dj okil y©VsxhA

eSa tYnh ls ydM+h ds r[rs ds Åij pyrk gqvk] tgkt ij p<+k] viuh isfV;ksa dks tgktesa NksM+k] v©j yksgs dh lhf<+;ksa ij ls] uhps dh vksj] batu d{k dh vksj n©M+k] tgkW çeq[k] eSd

74

(Mac) çrh{kk dj jgs FksA mUgksaus batuksa ds laca/k esa eq>ls ppkZ dh v©j esjs mÙkjksa ls larq"V gq,A^^Bhd gS] yM+ds]^^ var esa mUgksaus dgk] ^^ge tk;saxs v©j vuqcU/k ij gLrk{kj djsaxsA lgk;d rqedksrqEgkjk dsfcu fn[kk nsxkA^^ ge tYnh ls] tgktksa ds n¶rj esa okfil vk;s] vuqcU/k ij gLrk{kjfd;sA^^ v©j rc tgkt ij y©VsA ^^yM+ds! gesa Bhd lh/ks pyuk gS^^ eSd us dgkA blfy;s 'kk;n]bfrgkl esa igyh ckj] vesfjdh dh rjg ls fn[kkok djrs gq,] ,d frCcrh ykek us] fuxjkuh djusokys ,d bathfu;j ds :i esa] tgkt ds Åij viuk LFkku xzg.k fd;kA igys eSaus vkB Ä.Vs rddke fd;k] tgkt yaxj ij [kM+k Fkk v©j ;s esjs fy;s 'kqÒ FkkA esjh rhoz iBu dh 'kfä] vc dqNO;kogkfjd vuqÒo ds lkFk #d xbZ Fkh v©j eSaus Lo;a dks iwjh rjg ls vkRefo'oLr le>kA

ÄafV;kWa ctus v©j “ki dh 'kksj “jh vkokt ds lkFk] LVhy dh pedrh gqbZa NM+sa] p<+ha v©jfxjha] fQj p<+ha v©j fxjhaA tgkt esa thou Mkyrs gq, ifg,] rsth ls] v©j rsth ls] ÄwesA xeZ rSyv©j “ki dh xa/k vkbZA esjs fy;s] ;s vuks[kk thou Fkk] mruk vutku thou] ftruk fd phQ eSd]dk ykekeB esa gqvk gksrk] tks “ko ghu <ax ls] LVhy ds ,d pednkj fu;a=.k ifg;s ij] gYdsls] ,d gkFk fVdk;s gq,] vius nkarksa esa ikbi nck;s [kM+k FkkA ÄaVh fQj cth v©j csrkj ds rkj dsMk;y ij fn[kkbZ fn;k ^^vk/kk ihNs dh rjQA** eqf'dy ls ,d utj ds lkFk] eSd us ifg;ksa dksÄqek fn;k v©j ,d yhoj dks >Vdk fn;kA batu dh /kekdsnkj vkokt c<+h v©j iwjk [kksy gYds lsfgy x;kA ^^#dks!** VsyhxzkQ ds Mk;y us dgk] mlds ckn 'khÄz gh ^^vk/kk vkxs dh vksjA** eSdfu;a=.kksa dks Äqek ikrk] yxÒx mlds Bhd igys] ÄaVh ^îwjk vkxs dh vksj** ds fy,] fQj xwathAljyrk ls tgkt vkxs c<+ x;kA eSd us esjh rjQ] vkxs dne c<+k;k] ^^vksg] yM+ds]** mlus dgk]^^rqeus vius vkB ÄaVs iwjs dj fy, gSaA rqe ;gkWa ls eqä gksA lgk;d dks dgks fd] eSd ds fy,dksdks ys dj vk;sA**

dksdks] [kk|! blus eq>s ;kn fnyk fn;k fd] eSaus ckjg ÄaVs ls vf/kd ls dqN ughaa [kk;k gSAtYnh ls] eSa yksgs dh lhf<+;ksa ij p<+k] v©j [kqyh gok esa tgkt ds Msd ij igqWapkA vkxs dh vksjikuh dh c©Nkjsa VwVha iM+ jgha Fkha] v©j T;ksaa gh ge [kqys leqæ dh vksj vkxs c<+s] dqN gn rdtgkt MwckA esjs ihNs] va/ksjs esa] Ýkalhlh leqærV dh cfÙk;kWa] gYdh iM+rha tk jgha FkhaA esjs ihNsdh ,d rh[kh vkokt us] eq>s orZeku esa yk fn;k! ^êsjs vkneh] rqe d©u gks\** eSa eqM+k v©j eSausns[kk] igyk esB esjs ihNs [kM+k FkkA

^^rhljk bathfu;j] Jheku]** eSaus mÙkj fn;kA ^^rc rqe Mªsl esa D;ksa ughaa gks \** ^êSa Nqêh esa dke djus okyk ,d bathfu;j gwWa] Jheku] tks 'ksjoxZ esa tgkt ij 'kkfey gqvk

v©j rqjar gh fuxjkuh ij pyk x;kA**^^gzEQ]** esV us dgkA ^^vÒh] blh le; viuh Mªsl igu yks] gesa ;gkWa vuq'kklu esa jguk

pkfg,A** blds lkFk gh] mlus eq>s idM+us ds fy, ihNk fd;k] ekuks og] ,d xans] tax yxs] iqjkusvkokjk tgkt ds ctk;] tgktjkfu;ksa esa ls ,d ds Åij] igyk esV gksA

tgkt ds jlksbZÄj (galley) ds njokts ij eSaus] phQ eSd dk vkns'k lquk fn;kA^^ rqe u;srhljs \** ,d vkokt us esjs ihNs ls dgkA eSa Äwek v©j nwljs bathfu;j dks ns[kk] tks vÒh&vÒhçfo"V gqvk FkkA ^^gkaW] Jheku]** eSaus tokc fn;kA ^êSa viuh Mªsl ysus ds fy,] vÒh vius jkLrs ij gwWav©j rc eSas dqN [kkuk pkgrk gWwaA**

mlus flj fgyk;k] ^êSa rqEgkjs lkFk vkÅWaxkA esB us vÒh f'kdk;r dh gS fd] rqe fcuk cnhZds gksA mlus crk;k fd] mlus lkspk Fkk fd] rqe fNi dj ;k=k djus okys (stoaway) gksA mlscrk;k fd] rqe vÒh dke ij vk;s gks v©j lh/ks M~;wVh ij igqWap x;s gksA ^ôg esjs lkFk pyk v©j

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mlus b'kkjk djds crk;k fd] esjk dsfcu ohfFkdk (alley) ds ikj blh dh lh/k esa gSaA ^^tc rS;kjgks tkvks] rks eq>s cqyk ysuk] ^^mlus dgk]^^ v©j jkr ds [kkus ds fy, ge lkFk gh tk;saxsA**

mls cfnZ;ksa dks esjs uki ds fglkc ls cnyokuk iM+kA vc] tc eSa O;kikfjd tgktjkuh dsvf/kdkjh ds :i esa] Mªsl igudj [kM+k gqvk rks eq>s vk'p;Z yxk fd] ;fn esajs f'k{kd ykek feaX;kjMksaMqi us eq>s ns[kk] rks mudh Òkouk D;k gksxhA blus eq>s nch&nch gaWlh ls lkspus dks çsfjr fd;kfd] ;fn eSa Ygklk esa bl iks'kkd esa fn[kkbZ iM+ tkÅaW] rks dSlk yxsxkA ge] jkf= Òkst ds fy,]nwljs bathfu;j dks cqykrs gq,] lkFk&lkFk] vkWfQlj eSl dh rjQ pysA dSIVu igys ls gh viuhest ij Fkk] mlus gesa] viuh Äuh “©agksa ds uhps ls R;©jh p<+k dj ns[kkA

^^/kÙksjs dh!** tc mlds lkeus igyk Lrj (course) j[kk x;k] nwljs bathfu;j us dgkA oghiqjkuk lqvj dk [kkuk] D;k rqe ;gkWa dÒh dksbZ ifjorZu ughaa yk ldrs \**

^^feLVj! dsIVu dh vkokt us] yxÒx gesa vius cSBus ds LFkkuksa ls mBk fn;kA^^ feLVj! rqeges'kk f'kdk;r djrs jgs gks] tc ge U;w;kWdZ igWqapsa] rqe nwljs tgkt ij cny ysukA**

fdlh us mis{kkiw.kZ <ax ls gaWluk 'kq: fd;k] ,d fuyZTtrkiw.kZ gWalh] tks dSIVu ds xqLls lsmldh fn'kk esa ns[krs gh] LrfC/kr dj nsus okyh [kkWalh esa cny xbZA ckn dk [kkuk] tc rd dSIVuus gekjs lkeus [kRe fd;k v©j og x;k v©j og pyk ughaa x;k] rc rd 'kkafr esa gqvkA ^ûjd dktgkt]** vf/kdkjh us dgkA ^^cw<+k vkneh] ;q) ds le; esa] fczVsu dh tgktjkuh esa] ,d ftEeh nou (Gimmy the one) ¼igyk esB½ FkkA og ifjogu esa Fkk v©j og bl ra= ds ckgj ughaa tkldrk FkkA**

^^vksg] rqe nq[krs isV okys yksx] ges'kk cgqr ludhs gksrs gks]** nwljh vkokt us dgkA^ûghaa]** nwljs us esjh rjQ QqlQqlkdj dgk] ^ôg vesfjdh ughaa gS] og dsoy I;wVksZ fjdu

¼I;wVksZ fjdk dk fuoklh½ gS] ftlus dkQh flusek ns[ks gSaA**eSa Fkdk gqvk Fkk] v©j vUnj eqM+us ls igys] ckgj Msd ij x;kA Bhd vksV (lee) ds ckn dh

rjQ] dqN vkneh xeZ jk[k dks] v©j canjxkg esa tes gq, dwM+s djdV ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy,] mls]leqæ esa Qsad jgs FksA tgkt FkksM+k lk mNy jgk Fkk v©j eSa vius dsfcu ds ckgj fudykA nhokjsaiyLrj dh gqbZa Fkha] ftuds Åij yM+fd;ksa ds fp= Vaxs Fks] eSaus mudks QkM+ fn;k v©j dkxt dhjíh Vksdjh es QSad fn;kA tSls gh eSaus diM+s mrkjs v©j eSa dykckft;kWa [kkrs gq,] viuh 'kkf;dk ijx;k] eSa tkurk Fkk fd] eSa vius drZO; dks fuÒkus esa l{ke gks tkÅWaxkA

^^le; iwjk gqvk** ,d Loj fpYyk;k v©j ,d gkFk us njokts dks [kksyk v©j cÙkh ds cVuij >iVkA ^^le; igys ls gh \** eSaus [kqn gh lkspkA D;ksa \] ,slk D;ksa yxk fd] eSa eqf'dy ls ghlks ikrk gwWaA eSaus viuh ÄM+h ij utj ekjh v©j yq<+d dj ckgj dh rjQ vk x;kA eqWag /kks;k] diM+sigus v©j eSa uk'rk djus ds fy, vius jkLrs ij py fn;kA vÒh eSl ohjku Fkk] eSaus vdsys gh v©jtYnh ls gh [kkuk [kk;kA ckgj dh rjQ] jks'kuh ds vkus okyh lh/kh js[kk ds cxy ls] eSa LVhy dhlhf<+;ksa ls tYnh ls uhps mrjkA ^^rqe le; ds cgqr iôs gks]** nwljs bathfu;j us dgkA ^êSa blsilan djrk gwaWA blds flok; fd] lqjax esa nks xzhl yxkus okys gSa] dgus dks dqN ughaa gSA vksg] BhdgS] eSa tk jgk gwaW]** mlus “kjh tEgkbZ ysrs gq, dgkA

batu /kekds dh vkokt ds lkFk] uhjlrk ds lkFk] y;iwoZd #ds] mudk gj pôj] gedksU;w;kWdZ ds lehi yk jgk FkkA "dkyh&xsax (black gang)" us] ckgj] “fê;ksa ds LFkku (stokehold)esa] VqdM+ksa esa bdÎk djrs gq,] “ki dk vxyk fljk] yky ykbZu ls FkksM+k igys j[krs gq,] viuh vkxcq>k nhaA lqjax esa Äqlus ls igys] uksnd (propeller) dh 'kk¶V ls] ilhus ls rj&crj] gYds /kCcsyxs gq, v©j xans] nks vkneh çdV gq,] l©ÒkX; esjs lkFk Fkk] rkieku lkekU; Fks] dgus yk;d dqN

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“h ughaa FkkA dks;ys ls “js gq,] dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM dh çfr'krrk v©j nwljs MkVk okys] xansdkxt esjh rjQ “sts x;sA eSaus mu ij gLrk{kj fd;s] cSBk v©j batu d{k dh viuh fuxjkuh dsckjs esa fy[kkA ^^;s dSlh py jgh gS] feLVj^^\ lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk] jkLrs ij uhps mrj dj vkrs gq,eSd us dgkA

^^,dne Bhd^^ eSaus mÙkj fn;kA ^^gj pht lkekU;A^^^^Bhd gS^^ eSd us dgkA ^^esjh dkeuk gS fd dsIVu *** lkekU; gks tk;sA og dgrk gS fd]

ge yksxksa us fiNys pôj (trip) esa dkQh dks;yk [kpZ fd;k FkkA eSa D;k d:W \ mls tgkt dks Bhddjkus dks dgksA og djkgk] mlus LVhy ds Ýse okys vius p'es dks iguk] ykWx (log) dks i<+k v©jml ij vius gLrk{kj fd;sA

tgkt [kjkc vaVykfVd ij gks dj vkxs c<+kA mlds ckn dk vxyk fnu] ,dkdhiu dhmlh mnklhurk esa xqtjkA ;s dksbZ [kq'k tgkt ughaa Fkk] Msd ds vf/kdkjh] batu LVkQ ds Åij>had jgs FksA dIrku ,d eugwl vkneh Fkk] tks lksprk Fkk fd] og ,d iqjkus ekyokgh tgkt dsfMCcs ds ctk;] vaVykfVd ekxZ ds tgkt dks deku dj jgk gSA e©le “h [kjkc FkkA ,d jkr eSa]mNyus v©j iVdus ds dkj.k] lks ughaa ldk v©j eSa Msd ij pyk x;kA ncs gq, 'kksdxhr ds :i esa]gok] eq>s ml le; dk çcy :i ls /;ku fnykrh gqbZ] tc eSa ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi v©j ftXes dslkFk] pkdiksjh dh Nr ds Åij [kM+k Fkk] v©j vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa esa x;k Fkk] eLrwy ds lkFktcjnLrh dj jgh FkhA ,d vdsyh vkÑfr us] tgktksa ds chp esa] tgkt dh vksV ¼yh½ dh rjQ]jsy ds lgkjs dks] yxÒx fujk'kkiw.kZ <ax ls idM+s gq, mcdkbZ yhas] v©j vf/kd] mcdkbZ yha] ^^viusfny dks mBkrs gq,]** tSlk mlus ckn esa dgkA eSa leqæ dh chekjh (sea sickness) ds çfr dkQhvH;Lr (immune) Fkk] v©j thoari;ZUr ukfod jgus okys yksxksa dks] isV ds Åij ,slk djrs gq,ns[k dj] vk'p;Z ls “h vR;f/kd vk'p;Z] gqvkA fcukdy (binnacle)43 dh jks'kfu;kW iqy esa] Åijdh rjQ gYdh lh jks'kuh Qsadrha FkhaA dIrku ds dsfcu esa Äksj va/ksjk FkkA ikuh dh Qqgkjsa ckWl ijiM+ha v©j ogkWa rd QSy xbZa] tgkW eSa [kM+k FkkA tgkt] vius eLrwy dks jkr ds vkdk'k ij ludhpki cukrs gq,] ,d ikxy pht dh rjg ls yq<+dk v©j mNykA tgkt ds nk;ha vksj dkQh nwj lsvaVykfVd dk ,d tgkt] dksdZ ds LØw (cork screw) dh pky esa] ftlus mlds ;kf=;ksa dks nq%[khdj fn;k gksxk] iwjh jks'kfu;kW tyk;s gq,] gekjh vksj vk;kA ihNs vkuh okyh gokvksa ds lkFk] ogvPNk le; xqtkj jgk Fkk] mldh xgjh lqUnj lktlTtk ,d irokj dh rjg dke dj jgh FkhA^^'khÄz gh ;s nf{k.kh ,asiVu (South ampton)44 dh lM+dksa esa gksxk]^^ tc eSa uhps tkus ds fy;s eqM+k]eSaus [kqn gh dqN lkspkA

rwQku ds mPpre fLFkfr esa gksus ij] dksbZ pht VwV tkus dh otg ls] [kjkc ikuh fudkyusokys iEi dk] vUnj ikuh ys tkus okyk ikbi (inlet), tgkt ds cgqr rsth ls fgyus ds dkj.k]#d x;k] v©j eq>s ml xans ikuh esa] uhps tkuk iM+k v©j ml vkneh dh ns[kÒky djuh iM+h] tksogkW dke dj jgk FkkA 'kksj cgqr “;kud FkkA tc tgkt dk fiNyk fgLlk gok esa Fkk] v©j tcog] vxyh ygj esa mNyus ls igys] Mxexk;k v©j mldk fiNyk fgLlk ikuh esa Mwck rc uksnd¼çksisyj½ ,dkarj Øe ls ikxyiu ls n©M+ jgk Fkk] uksnd dh 'kk¶V dkai jgh FkhA

#dus ds LFkku esa] e'khujh ds ,d cDls dh lqj{kk djrs gq,] tks VwV dj [kqy x;k Fkk] Msdds deZpkjh cgqr rsth ls dke dj jgs FksA pwWafd ;gkW ij] bl tgkt ij] bruk Ä"kZ.k Fkk fd] ge

43 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fcukdy] tgkt ij] vpqEcdh; inkFkksaZ ls cuh ,d Äj tSlh lajpuk gksrh gS] ftlesa tgkt dh dqrqcuqek j[kh tkrh gS] rkfd muesa U;wurefo{kksÒ gksaA ;s lkekU;r% fu;a=.kd{k ds lkeus okys “kx esa j[kh tkrh gSA

44 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % lkmFk,aIVu] baXysaM ds nf{k.kh leqærV ij fLFkr lcls cM+k uxj gS] ;s yanu ls nf{k.k&if'pe esa 121 fdyksehVj nwj] vkSj iksVZl~ ekmFk lsmÙkj&if'pe esa 31 fdyksehVj nwj] fLFkr gSA 1912 esa VkbVsfud tgkt us ;gha ls ;k=k çkjaÒ dh FkhA ;s ik"kk.k dky dk uxj gSA

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viuh iwjh {kerkvksa ds lkFk] viuk dke Bhd ls ugha dj ik jgs Fks] eq>s cgqr [kjkc yxkA bllsD;k QdZ iM+rk Fkk fd] ,d vkneh tgkt ds isV esa] e'khuksa ds lkFk dke dj jgk Fkk] tcfdnwljk] ;s ns[kus ds fy;s fd] tgkt ds cxy ls ikuh Bhd ls cg dj fudy tk;s] Msd ds iqy(docking bridge) ds Åij [kM+k Fkk ;k Msd ds Åij Vgy jgk FkkA

dke \ ;gkW djus ds fy;s dke cgqr Fkk] iEiksa dh iwjh rjg lkQ&lQkbZ (overhauling)djuh Fkh] fMCcksa dks nqckjk “juk Fkk] feJ.k (blend) dk fujh{k.k djuk Fkk v©j mUgsa ij[kuk Fkk]v©j U;w;kWdZ esa tgkt ds [kM+s gksus dh rS;kjh esa] leqærVksa dh rjQ tkus okyh ykbuksa dh] iwjh rjgls ns[kÒky dh tkus okyh FkhA

phQ] eSd vius vki esa ,d vPNk dke djus okyk v©j vPNk vkneh FkkA og vius batuksadks ,slk I;kj djrk Fkk] tSlk ,d ekW] vius iSnk gksus okys] igys cPps dks djrh gSA ,d fnu 'kkedks eSa pVkbZ (gratling) ij cSBk gqvk] fuxjkuh ds fy;s tkus dh çrh{kk esa FkkA gYds rwQkuh ckny]vkdk'k esa n©M+ dj vk;s v©j mlds ckn esa] ogkW “kjh ckfj'k dh vk'kadk FkhA eSa i<+rk gqvkf[kM+fd;ksa dh 'kj.k esa cSBkA vpkud gh] ,d “kjh gkFk esjs da/ks ij iM+k] ,d /kekdsnkj LdkWVh(scottish) vkokt us dgk] ^^vkg yM+ds] eSa vk'p;Z djrk gwW rqe vius Qkyrw le; esa D;k djrsgksA ;s D;k gS\ if'peh (western) \ ;©u (sex) \^^

eqLdjkrs gq,] eSaus fdrkc mldks ns nhA ^îkuh ds tgktksa ds batu (marine engines)^^ eSausdgk] ^îf'peh vFkok ;©u dh iqLrdksa dh rqyuk esa eq>s vf/kd vPNh yxrh gSA^^

eq>s iqLrd okfil nsus ls igys] fdrkc ds Åij utj ekjrs gq,] og vuqeksnu djrs gq,“quÒquk;kA ^^yM+ds rqEgkjs fy;s vPNh gS]^^ mlus dgkA ^^ge rqEgsa vÒh bathfu;j cuk nsaxs v©j ;fnrqe blls fpids jgs] rks rqe [kqn gh phQ bathfu;j cu tkvksxsA^^ vius iqjkus VwVs gq, ikbi dksokfil eqWg esa /kdyrs gq,] mlus Lusg iwoZd eq>s flj fgyk;k v©j dgk] ^^rqe bls ys ldrs gks]yM+dsA^^

tgkt gM+cM+h esa] gypy esa FkkA ^^rhljs dIrku dk fujh{k.k^^ nwljs us QqlQqlk dj dgkA^ôg ,d ikxy yM+dk gS] tks ,slk lksprk gS fd] og ;k=h tgkt ij gS] iwjs tgkt dk fujh{k.kdjrk gS & dsfcu v©j lÒh & gj fVªi esaA^^

T;ksa gh dIrku] mlds ihNs çFke esV v©j iksruhl (purser) us ços'k fd;k] eSa vius fcLrjds cxy ls [kM+k FkkA tc mlus voKkiwoZd vius pkjksa vksj ns[kk] ^^gWw g]^^ og egku vknehfpYyk;kA ^^dksbZ rLohjsa ughaa\^^ mlus dgk] eSa lksprk Fkk] lÒh vesfjdh VkWx ds ihNs ikxy gksrs gSaAmlus esjh bathfu;fjax dh fdrkcksa ds Åij utj Mkyh v©j mlds eqWg ij ,d ixyh lh eqLdkuf[ky xbZA ^^D;k bl rduhdh iqLrd ds vkoj.k ds vUnj dksbZ miU;kl gS \^^ mlus iwNkA ,d'kCn dgs fcuk] eSa vkxs c<+k v©j gj iqLrd dks dgha ls “h] [kksy fn;kA dIrku us] jsy ds Åij]fcLrj ds uhps] v©j njokts ds Åij vkys esa] ;gkWa&ogkW mxqfy;kW fQjkbZaA viuh] vÒh rd lkQ]mxyha ds iksjksa dks ns[krs gq,] mlus fujk'kk esa flj fgyk;k v©j lc dqN Nku ekjkA nwljk] tkucw>dj eqLdjk;k] ^^ml ckj] mldks rqeus idM+ fy;k] og ufd;krk gSA^^

rukoiw.kZ çR;k'kk dh gok ogkW FkhA vkneh leqærV ij] rV ij tkus ds igukos esa] viusvki dks /kksrs&i©aNrs] ;s fu'p; djrs gq, fd] muds iklZy dks dLVe ls dSls ckgj fudyk tk;s]vius&vius fBdkuksa dh rjQ tk jgs FksA vkneh vius ifjokjksa ds ckjs esa] viuh efgyk fe=ksa ds ckjsesa ckr dj jgs FksA lÒh dh tokusa [kqyh gqbZa FkhaA lkjs ca/ku lekIr gks x;s FksA 'khÄz gh] os fdukjsij] vius fe=ksa v©j fç;tuksa ds ikl igqWp tk;saxsA esjs ikl] tkus ds fy;s dksbZ LFkku ughaa Fkk] ckrdjus ds fy;s dksbZ ughaa FkkA U;w;kWdZ esa] dsoy eSa ,d vtuch dh rjg ls] fe= ghu] vUtku

78

igqWpwWaxkA f{kfrt ij] cjlkr v©j rwQku ls /kqy tkus ds ckn] esugêu (Manhattan)45 dh ÅWph

ehukjsa] /kwi esa pedrh gqbZa] [kM+ha FkhaA vyx&Fkyx f[kM+fd;kW] lksus dh rjg pedrh gqbZa lw;Z dhjks'kfu;ksa dks] ijkofrZr dj jgha FkhaA Lora=rk dh ewfrZ (statue of liberty)&eSaus mls vesfjdk esaihNs ls ns[kk Fkk& vius lkeus fn[krs gq,A ^^vk/kk vkxs]** VsyhxzkQ ij lans'k vk;k v©j tSls ghgekjk laosx lekIr gqvk] tgkt /khek gqvkA vxyk NksVk fgLlkA tSls gh geus vius LFkku dh rjQlh/k dh] ^^#dks]^^ VsyhxzkQ us dgkA ykbusa Qsad nh xbZa Fkha] idM+ yha xbZa Fkha v©j tgkt dks ,dckj fQj] tehu ls cka/k fn;k x;k FkkA ^^batu “h can gks x;s]^^ VsyhxzkQ us dgkA 'kksdiw.kZ Øanudjrs gq, ikbiksa esa “ki lekIr gks xbZA nSR;kdkj fiLVu dh NM+sa 'kkUr [kM+h gks xbZa] v©j tgktujeh ls vius yaxjksa ij [kM+k gks x;k] ijUrq lehi ls xqtjus okys tgktksa ls gYdk lk fo{kqC/k gqvkv©j geus] >.Mksa v©j pjf[k;ksa rFkk lgk;d midj.kksa dks dke esa ykrs gq,] okYoksa dks Äqek fn;kA

viuh [kwafV;ksa dks Qsadrs gq,] gsp doj ds Åij frjiky (tarpaulin) dks [khaprs gq,] idM+kasdks [kksyrs gq,] vkneh Msd ij] b/kj ls m/kj “kx jgs FksA tgkt ds ,tsUV] tgkt ij vk;sA mudsihNs] tgkth dqyh (stevedors) vk;sA 'khÄz gh] tgkt vkoktksa dk v©j fn;s tkus okys vkns'kksa dkikxy[kkuk cu x;kA Øsusa [kqy xbZa v©j xoZ ls Qwy x;ha v©j ogkW yxkrkj “kjh dneksa dhNhuk&>iVh gqbZ] cUnjxkg ds fpfdRlk vf/kdkfj;ksa dk lgk;d] tgkt ds csM+s ds vfÒys[kksa dsÅij VwV iM+kA iqfyl tgkt ij vk;h v©j ,d fuUnuh;] fNi dj ;k=k djus okys dks] idM+ djys xbZ] ftlds ckjs esa geus batu :e esa dqN ughaa lquk FkkA “kX;ghu euq"; dks] nks â"Viq"V fn[kusokys] fcxM+Sy ls flikfg;ksa ds lkFk] tks mls çrh{kk djrh gqbZ iqfyldkj ds ikl ys x;s] gFkdM+hcka/k dj ys tk;k x;k] v©j 'khÄz gh mUgksaus mls vUnj <dsy fn;kA

ge ykbu eas [kM+s gks x;s] viuk iSlk fy;k] blds fy;s gLrk{kj fd;s v©j vius foltZuiqLrdksa (discharge books) dks ysus ds fy;s x;sA phQ] eSd us esjh iqLrd esa fy[kk Fkk] ^^dÙkZO;ds çfr fo'ks"k egkleiZ.kA lÒh 'kk[kkvksa esa n{kA eSa tgkt ds lkFkh ds :i esa] fdlh “h le;bldk Lokxr d:WxkA^^ ^^D;k Ñik gS]^^ eSaus lkspk] ^^fd eq>s bl lcdksa dks lkQ dj nsuk iM+sxk] fdeSa bls v©j tkjh ughaa j[k ldrkA^^

eSa vius dsfcu esa okfil x;k v©j dEcyksa dks yisV dj] mUgsa ,d rjQ j[krs gq,] viuhfdrkcksa dks iSd djrs gq,] [kqn dks ukxfjd (civil) diM+s igukrs gq, v©j vius lkeku dks] nksuksalwVdslksa esa can djrs gq,] lkQ&lqFkjs <ax ls rS;kj gqvkA vafre utj ds lkFk] eSa ckgj x;k v©jvius ihNs ds njokts dks can dj fn;kA

^^D;k rqe viuk eu ughaa cnyksxs \^^ phQ eSd us dgkA ^^rqe ,d vPNs tgkth gks] v©j eSa]blds ckn nwljs iwjs fVªi ds fy;s] rqEgsa vius lkFk j[k dj çlé gksÅWxkA^^

^ûghaa] phQ^^ eSaus mÙkj fn;k ^êSa FkksM+k vklikl Äweuk pkgrk gWw v©j dqN vf/kd vuqÒoçkIr djuk pkgrk gwWA^^

^^vuqÒo cgqr vk'p;Ztud pht gSA rqEgkjs fy;s 'kqÒ “kX;^êSa vius nksuksa lwVdslksa dks lkFk esa fy;s gq,] p<+us mrjus ds fy;s yxk;s x;s ydM+h ds

r[rs (gangplank) ds uhps pykA yaxj Mkys gq, tgktksa ds cxy ls FkksM+k nwjA ,d nwljk thouesjs lkeus Fkk( eSa bl pkjksa rjQ Äweus&fQjus ls fdl çdkj Ä.kk djrk Fkk] ;s iwjh vfuf'prk] fe=

45 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ysuki Òk"kk esa esaugV~~Vu dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS] ^^vusd igkfM+;ksa dk çk;}hiA** ysuki vesfjdu yksx ;gkWa ds ewyfuoklh FksA ;s uxj gM+luunh ds nksuksa rVksa ij clk gSA bldh vkcknh nl yk[k ls vf/kd gSSA esaugÍu] vesfjdk ds lokZf/kd vk; okys LFkkuksa esa ls ,d gSA ;gkWa thou;kiua dk O;; ,oathouLrj vejhdk esa lcls vf/kd ÅWapk gSA /kkfeZd vk/kkj ij ;gkWa vkcknh esa vR;f/kd fcfc/krk gSA jkseu dSFkksfyd ¼36 çfr'kr½] ;gwnh ¼20 çfr'kr½] çksVSLVsaV ¼9çfr'kr½] rFkk eqfLye ¼3 çfr'kr½] 'ks"k vU; /keZkoyEch gSaaA esaugV~~Vu ds rhu çeq[k Òkx gSa] yksvj esaugV~~Vu] feM Vkmu] ,oa vij esaugV~~Vu rFkk 5okWa ,osU;w] tks vejhdkdh eq[;Òqwfe ds lkFk U;w;kdZ ls tqM+k gqvk gSA

79

dgus “j ds fy;s dksbZ ughaaA ^^rqe dgkW iSnk gq, gks\^^ dLVe ds vkneh us dgkA ^îklkMsuk (Pasadena)]^^ vius dkxtkrksa ds Åij] tks esjs gkFkksa esa Fks] lksprs gq, eSaus

tcko fn;kA ^^rqEgsa D;k pkfg;s ^ mlus iwNkA ^^dqN ughaa]^^ eSaus mls crk;kA mlus rh[ksiu ls eq>s ns[kk] ^^Bhd gS] [kksyks]^^ og xqjkZ;kA

vius lwVdslksa dks mlds lkeus j[krs gq,] eSaus mUgsa [kksykA mlus lkeku dks myV&iqyV fd;k]fQj fd;k] v©j rc xans rjhds ls] gj pht dks] fudky dj ckgj Mky fn;k v©j mlds vLrjksa dhtkWp dhA ^^mUgsa nqckjk ls “jks]^^ mlus dgk] tc og eq>ls nwj x;k v©j mlus eq>s NksM+kA

eSaus vius lwVdslksa dks nqckjk iSd fd;k] v©j njokts ls ckgj fudykA ckgj] VªsfQd dsixys 'kksj ds chp] FkksM+k lqLrkus v©j lkal ysus ds fy;s] eSa ,d {k.k ds fy;s #dkA ^^rqEgkjs lkFkD;k ijs'kkuh gS] “ys vkneh \ ;g U;w;kWdZ gS!^^ esjs ihNs ls fdlh ddZ'k vkokt us dgkA eqM+uk] eSausiqfyl ds ,d flikgh dks] viuh rjQ fuxkg ekjrs gq,] ns[kkA

^^D;k #duk dksbZ vijk/k gS\^^ eSaus mls mÙkj fn;kA ^^pyrs jgsa ^^ og xqLls ls fpYyk;kA/khes ls] eSaus vius lwVdsl mBk;s v©j lM+d ij vk x;kA eSugêu esa] euq"; }kjk cuk;s x;s]

/kkrq ds igkM+kas ds Åij vk'p;Z djrs gq,] eSaus vc dh rqyuk esa] dÒh “h] vius vki dks vdsykeglwl ughaa fd;k FkkA fo'o ds bl fgLls esa iwjh rjg ckgjhA esjs ihNs >Yykrk gqvk flikgh] fdlhnwljs vÒkxs ds Åij] viuh “M+kl fudky jgk Fkk] ^^ge U;w;kWdZ esa ,slk ughaa djrs gSa] pyrs cuks ^yksx ijs'kku v©j ruko esa eglwl djrs FksA eksVj okgu] ikxyiu dh xfr ls “kx jgs FksA ogkWyxkrkj Vk;jksa dh ph[ksa v©j tyrh gqbZ jcj dh xa/k eph gqbZa FkhaA

eSa pyrk x;kA var esa eSaus vius lkeus ^ûkfodksa dk gkWLVy^^ dk lkbucksMZ ns[kk] v©j eSavkÒkj lfgr mlds njokts dh vksj eqM+kA ^^gLrk{kj djks ^ ,d BaMh v©j v©ipkfjd vkokt usdgkA lko/kkuh ls eSaus QkWeZ dks iwjk fd;k] tks esjs Åij “ís rjhds ls Qsadk x;k Fkk] v©j mls^^/kU;okn^^ lfgr okfil fd;kA ^êq>s /kU;okn er nks]^^ BaMh vkokt us dgk] ^êSa rqEgkjk dksbZ i{kughaa ys jgh gwW] ;s esjk dke gSA^^ eSa çrh{kk esa [kM+k jgkA ^^Bhd gS] ;s D;k gS\^^ vkokt us dgkA^^dejk ua- 3&0&3 tSlk ml QkWeZ ij dgk x;k v©j pk“h ds NYys ij FkkA^^

eSa eqM+kA ekuoh; Lopkyu (human automation) ds lkFk] dksbZ vkneh dSls cgl djldrk gSA eSa iq#"kksa dh if=dk dks ns[krs gq, ,d vkneh ds ikl x;k] Li"V:i ls ,d ukfod] ,ddqlhZ ij cSBk gqvk FkkA ^^ge yksx fuf'pr :i ls tSuh ds ckyksa esa Qals gSa]^^ eSa dqN dg ikrk]mlls igys mlus dgkA ^^rqEgkjk dejk uEcj D;k gS\^^

^^3&0&3^^] eSaus BaMs eu ls tcko fn;kA ^^;gkW eSa igyh ckj vk;k gwWA^^ ^^rhu rYys Åij]^^ mlus dgkA ;s nkabZ vksj rhljk dejk gksxkA mldks /kU;okn nsrs gq, eSa

^^lhf<+;kW^^ fy[ks gq, ,d njokts dh vksj c<+kA ^^tkvks v©j cVu dks nckvks ^] dqlhZ ij cSBs vknehus dgkA eSaus ,slk fd;k] v©j dqN {k.kksa ds ckn njoktk QVkd ls [kqy x;k v©j ,d uhxzks yM+dsus eq>s vUnj ys fy;kA ^ûEcj \^^ mlus iwNkA

^^3&0&3]^^ eSaus tcko fn;kA mlus ,d cVu nck;k v©j og NksVk dejk /khes&/khes Åijp<+k v©j lglk #d x;kA ml uhxzks yM+ds us njoktk [kksyk v©j dgk] ^^bl rjQA^^ esjs ihNs dknjoktk can gks x;k v©j ,d ckj fQj] eSa vdsyk gks x;kA

vfuf'prkiwoZd] nqckjk tkWp djus ds fy;s] eSaus pk“h ds NYys ij uEcj dks ns[kk v©j rcviuk dejk irk djus ds fy;s vkxs pykA gkW] ;s ,d NksVh lh IysV ds Åij ^^3&0&3** uEcj

80

fy[kk gqvk dejk FkkA rhljs rYys ij] lhf<+;ksa ds nkabZ rjQA eSaus pk“h ÄqlkbZ v©j ÄqekbZA njoktk[kqyk v©j eSa dejs esa çfo"V gqvkA eSaus ns[kk] dqN&dqN tgkt ds ,d dsfcu dh rjg ls ,d cgqrNksVk dejkA tSls gh eSaus njoktk can fd;k] eSaus fu;eksa dh Nih gqbZ ,d lwph ns[khA lko/kkuhiwoZdmUgsa i<+rs gq, eSaus ik;k fd] eSa dsoy pksSchl Ä.Vs ;gkW #d ldrk gwWA tc rd fd eSa] okLro esa]tgkt ij nqckjk ughaa tkÅWa] rc vf/kdre le;] tks fdlh O;fä dks #dus ds fy;s fn;k tkldrk Fkk og Fkk] vM+rkyhl Ä.VsA p©chl Ä.Vs! blfy;s vÒh “h ogkW dksbZ 'kkafr ughaa FkhA eSausviuh isfV;ksa dks tek;k] vius Åij ls /kwy >kM+h v©j [kkus rFkk v[kckjksa dh ryk'k esa fudy x;krkfd eSa ;g ns[k ldwW fd] D;k muesa dksbZ jkstxkj ds foKkiu Fks] ftUgsa eSa dj ldrk FkkA

81

v/;k; Ng

U;w;kWdZ dkQh vf/kd veS=hiw.kZ LFkku yxkA yksx] ftudks eSaus jkLrk iwNus ds fy;s jksdusdk ç;kl fd;k] mUgksaus eq> ij ,88iid Mjkouh utj Mkyh v©j rsth ls fudy x;sA ,d jkr dhuhan ds ckn] eSaus viuk uk'rk fd;k v©j czksaDl (Bronx)46 ds fy;s ,d cl ij p<+kA v[kckjksaa lseSaus ;s fopkj çkIr dj fy;k Fkk fd] dgkW ij Bgjuk lLrk gksxkA czksaDl ikdZ ds ikl eSa mrjk v©jiSj ÄlhVrk gqvk] ^^fdjk;s ds fy;s dejk]^^ bl fy[kkoV dks ns[krs gq, lM+d ij pykA rsth lsvkrh gqbZ ,d dkj] nks fMyhojh dkjksa ds chp esa pedh v©j og “h] lM+d ds xyr rjQ] cxy lspyus ds jkLrs ij] czsd yxkrh gqbZ [kM+h gqbZ v©j eq>ls ckabZ rjQ VdjkbZA ,d ckj fQj] eSausgfì;ksa dss VwVus dh vkokt lquhA T;ksa gh eSa cxy ds jkLrs ij f[kldk] v©j Ñikiw.kZ {kek ekaxh] eSaus,d vkneh dks] vius nksuksa lwVdslksa ds Åij >iVrs gq, v©j tYnh esa “kxrs gq, ns[kkA

gok iwjh rjg laxhr dh vkokt ls “jh gqbZ Fkh] o"kksZa dh ijs'kkfu;ksa ds ckn] eSa çlé Fkk]vkjke esa FkkA ^^vkg^^! ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi us foLe;“jh vkokt ls dgk] ^^v©j rqEgsa ;gkW fQj] nqckjkvkuk iM+k \ eSaus viuh vkW[ksa [kksyhaA mudh vkW[kksa esa vR;f/kd d#.kk ds lkFk] eSaus mUgsa vius ÅijeqLdjkrs gq, ik;kA ^^i`Foh ij thou cgqr dBksj v©j dVq gS] v©j rqe og vuqÒo çkIr dj pqds gks]ftlls vf/kdka'k yksx] çlérk iwoZd cps gq, gSaA ;s ek= ,d vodk'k gS yksclkax] ek= ,d nq[knvodk'kA yEch jkr ds ckn] ,d vkyL;e; fnu dh ltxrk vk;sxh] tc rqEgsa i`Foh ij fQjokfil vkus dh vko';drk ughaa gksxh v©j u] gha] fdlh fupys fo'o esa tkus dhA^^ eSaus djkgkA ;gkWvkuUnnk;d Fkk v©j og vÒh “h] ijs'kkuh v©j i`Foh ds [kjkc thou ds ckjs esa tksj ns jgs FksA^^rqe] esjs yksclkax]^^ esjs f'k{kd us dgk] ^^rqe i`Foh ij] vius vkf[kjh thou esa gksA rqe vius iqjkuslÒh deksZ dks “qxr jgs gks v©j ,d vko';d dk;Z “h dj jgs gks] ftls cqjh 'kfä;kW fNikuk pkgrhagaSA^^

deZ! mUgksaus thoUr:i ls] esjs fnekx esa ,d ikB ;kn fnyk fn;k] ftls eSaus çse ls lh[kkFkk] Ygklk ls cgqr nwj.....

pkWnh dh NksVh Äf.V;ksa dh [ku[kukgV lekIr gks xbZ FkhA Ygklk dh ÄkVh esa] [kqjnjh]iryh gok esa] tksj ls v©j Li"V] vkokt djrh gqbZ rqjfg;kWa v©j vc vf/kd ughaa ct jgh FkhaA esjsvklikl ,d vy©fdd 'kkafr Fkh] 'kkafr tks ughaa gksuh pkfg, FkhA T;ksa gh eafnj ds fÒ{kqvksa us] viuhxgjh vkokt esa] e`r vkRekvksa ds fy, dh tkus okyh çkFkZukvksa dk çkjEÒ fd;k] eSa vius /;ku lsmBkA e`R;q \ gkWa! okLro esa] cw<+s fÒ{kq dh vkRek ds fy,] dh tkus okyh çkFkZuk,sa] tks vÒh gky esa ghejk FkkA thou “j d"V >syrs&>syrs] nwljksa dh çkFkZuk djrs&djrs] cslgkjk v©j xyr le>s tkrsgq, ej x;kA

^^mlds deZ fdrus “;kud jgs gksaxs]** eSaus [kqn ls dgkA ^^okilh esa ,slk naM ikus ds fy,]fiNys tUe esa og fdruk Vs<+k vkneh jgk gksxkA**

^^yksclkax!** esjs ihNs dk Loj] cgqr nwjh ij fctyh dM+dus dh Fkki tSlk FkkA pksVsa] tks esjsfldqM+rs gq, cnu ds Åij cjlha & Bhd& nqÒkZX; ls ;s mruh vf/kd nwj ughaa FkhaA ^^yksclkax!** rqegekjs e`r “kbZ ds fy,] vlEeku çnf'kZr djrs gq,] th pqjk jgs gkss] ml] mldks le>ks!** vpkud46 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % (Bronx) czksaDl] la;qä jkT; vejhdk ds U;w;kdZ çkar esa] U;w;kdZ 'kgj ds] ikWap çeq[k dkmafV;ksa esa ls] mÙkjh {ks+= dh ,d dkmaVh gSA ,dek=

czksaDl dkmaVh gh] vejhdk dh eq[; Òwfe ij fLFkr gS] 'ks"k lÒh dkmafV;kWa }hiksa esa fLFkr gSaA bldh vkcknh yxÒx 14 yk[k gSA czksaDl unh] ftlds uke ij 'kgj dk ukeiM+k gS] U;w;kdZ dh ehBs ikuh dh ,dek= unh gSA czksaDl unh] bls nks Òkxksa esa foÒkftr djrh gSA if'peh Òkx] esugV~~Vu dk lehiorhZ igkM+h {ks= gS] tcfd iwohZ eSnkuhÒkx] yksax }hi (Long Island) ds fudV gSA czksaDl dk if'peh Òkx 1874 esa v©j iwohZ Òkx 1895 esa U;w;kdZ dkmaVh ds lkFk tksM+k x;k FkkA ckn esa 1914 esa bls ,d Lora=dkmaVh cuk fn;k x;kA vusd o"kksaZ rd nf{k.kh czksaDl] dkj[kkuksa okyk {ks= jgk vkSj 20oha 'krkCnh ds iwokZ) esa bls fi;kuksa fuekZ.k ds {ks= esa mYys[kuh; LFkku çkIrFkkA ;gkWa fi;kuksa fuekZ.k ds 63 dkj[kkus Fks] ftuesa 5000 ls vf/kd dkjhxj dke djrs FksA

82

gh] ekuks fd tknw ls] Fkki v©j xkfy;kWa #d xbZaA eSaus viuk nq[kh psgjk Äqek;k v©j vius Åij[kM+h nSR;kdkj vkÑfr dh vksj VdVdh yxkdj ns[kk] mlds gkFkksa esa vÒh “h] “kjh ykBh mBh gqbZFkhA

^^dqykuq'kkld (proctor)]** ,d fç; vkokt us dgk] ^^ okLro esa] ;s ,d NksVs cPps ds fy,cgqr “kjh naM FkkA mlus bls >syus yk;d ,slk D;k fd;k Fkk \ D;k mlus eafnj dks vifo= djfn;k \ D;k mlus Lof.kZe çfrekvkssa ds çfr vlEeku fn[kk;k \ cksyks] v©j viuh dwzjrk dks Li"VdjksA**

yacs le; rd eafnj ds dqy vuq'kkld pqi jgs] ^^Lokeh feaX;kj MksaMqi]** /khes Loj esa osdjkgs] ^^yM+dk ;gkaW fnokLoIu ns[k jgk Fkk] tcfd mls vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk] e`r vkRekvksa ds fy,dh tkus okyh çkFkZukvksa esa gksuk pkfg, FkkA**

ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi] vius vki esa dksbZ NksVs vkneh ughaa] nq[kh “ko ls] vius lkeus [kM+s gq,]lkr QqV yacs] [kke ds vkneh dh vksj] Äwj dj ns[k jgs FksA –<+rkiwoZd ykek us dgk] ^^vki tkldrs gSa] dqykuq'kkld] eSa blds lkFk [qkn fuiV ywWaxkA** T;kas gh] dqykuq'kkld us lEekuiwoZd ueufd;k v©j eqM+ dj ckgj x;k] esjs xq:] ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi esjh vksj eqM+s] ^^vc yksclkax] ge] esjsdejs dh vksj pysa rkfd rqe] vius vla[;] “yh “kafr nafMr fd;s gq, ikiksa ij] fQj ls /;ku nsldksA** blds lkFk gh] os /khes ls] vkxs dh vksj >qds v©j mUgksaus eq>s] vius iSjksa ij [kM+k djfn;kA esjs NksVs ls thou esa] esjs f'k{kd ds vykok vU; fdlh us] esjs çfr] dÒh d#.kk ughaa fn[kkbZ]eq>s lnSo vkÒkj ds vkalw v©j çse ds fy,] dBksjrk esa j[kk x;kA

ykek nwj dh vksj eqM+s v©j /khes ls yacs le; ls mi;ksx esa u yk;s x,] xfy;kjs eas x,A ;stkurs gq, fd] bl egku O;fä dh rjQ ls] dÒh “h] vU;k; gks gh ughaa ldrk] eSaus muds dneksadk] uezrk iwoZd vuqxeu fd;k] mRlqdrk iwoZd vuqxeu “h fd;kA os vius dejs ds njokts dsckgj #d x,] esjh vksj eqM+s v©j esjs da/ks ij gkFk j[kk] ^^ lkFk vkvks yksclkax] rqeus dksbZ vijk/kughaa fd;k gS] vUnj vkvks v©j eq>s bl ijs'kkuh ds ckjs esa crkvksA** blds lkFk gh] mUgksaus eq>svius lkeus gh /kôk fn;k v©j cSBus ds fy, dgkA ^^[kkuk] yksclkax] [kkuk] ;s “h rqEgkjs fnekx esagSA tc rd ge ckr djsa] gesa pk; v©j [kkuk ys ysuk pkfg,A** vkjke ls] mUgksaus viuh pkanh dhÄaVh dks ctk;k] v©j ,d lgk;d çfo"V gqvkA

tc rd [kkuk v©j is; gekjs lkeus ughaa j[kk x;k] ge ;s lksprs gq,] fd fdl fuf'aprrkds lkFk] esjs vijk/k <w<s x;s Fks v©j muesa ls yxÒx vf/kdka'k] fd;s tkus ls igys gh] nafMr fd,x, Fks] 'kkafr esa cSBsA ,d ckj fQj esjs fopkjksa esa ,d Loj QwVkA ^^yksclkax rqe fnokLoIu ns[k jgsgks! [kkuk] yksclkax] [kkuk rqEgkjs lkeus gS v©j rqe tSls lÒh yksx] bls ns[k ughaa ikrsA** Ñikiw.kZetkfd;k vkokt us eq>s okil gks'k esa yk fn;k v©j yxÒx Lor% gh] eSa bu lcds fy, igqaWp x;k]ehBh] phuh okyh dsd] ftUgksaus bruh 'kkyhurk ds lkFk] esjs rkyw dks eksfgr fd;k FkkA dsd] ftUgsacgqr nwj “kjr ls] nykbZykek ds fy,] yk;k x;k Fkk] ijarq mudh Ñik ds ek/;e ls] eq>s miyC/kgks jgh FkhaA

dqN v©j {k.kksa ds fy, ge cSBs v©j geus [kk;k] vFkok le>sa fd] eSaus [kk;k] v©j ykek esjsÅij 'kqÒsPNk ds lkFk eqLdqjkrs jgsA ^^vc yksclkax]** tc esjs isV “j tkus ds ladsr mUgsa fn[ks]mUgksaus dgk] ^^;s lc fdl laca/k eas gSa \**

^^Lokeh]** eSaus tokc fn;k] ^^eSa ml fÒ{kq] tks ej x;k Fkk] ds “;adj deksZa ds Åij viuhçfrfØ;k ns jgk FkkA fuf'pr:i ls] og fiNys dbZ tUeksa esa] cgqr Vs<+k vkneh jgk gksxkA ,slklkspus esa] eSa eafnj dh lsokvksa ds ckjs esa “wy x;k] v©j dqykuq'kkld] mlls igys fd] eSa “kxus esa

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leFkZ gks ikrk] eq> rd vk x,A**og galh ds lkFk QV iM+s]** blfy,] yksclkax] ;fn dj ldks! rks rqe vius deksZa ls “h blh

çdkj “kxus dh dksf'k'k djksxs** eSaus ;s tkurs gq, fd] fdlh cfy"B dqykuq'kkld ls] ;fn dksbZ dqNcpk ldrk gS] rks og gS] 'khÄzrk ls pEir gks tkuk] mnkl gksdj mudh vksj ns[kkA

^^yksclkax] deZ dk ;s ekeykA vksg] ;gkW aeafnj esa “h] dqN yksxksa }kjk] ;s fdl çdkj]xyr rjhds ls le>k tkrk gSA [kqn dks vkjke ls cSBkvks] D;ksafd eSa bl ekeys esa] rqels dqNfoLrkj ls] ckr djuk pkgrk gWwaA**

eSa FkksM+k lk fgyk v©j ^^vkjke esa gksus dk fn[kkok fd;k**A eSa nwljs yksxksa ds lkFk ckgjtkuk pkgrk Fkk] ;gkaW cSB dj] ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi tSls ,d cM+s vkneh ls “h] fdlh “k"k.k dks ughaalquuk pkgrk Fkk D;ksafd] “k"k.k rks vkf[kj “k"k.k gh gksrk gS] v©j fdruh “h vPNs Loknokyh nokbZ]vkf[kj nokbZ gh gksrh gSA

^^rqe bl lcdks tkurs gks] yksclkax] ;k tkuuk pkfg,] ;fn rqeus vius f'k{kdksa dh vksjdksbZ /;ku fn;k gks ¼ftldk eq>s lansg gS!½ ijarq eSa rqEgsa nqckjk /;ku fnykÅaWxk D;ksafd] eq>s Mj gSfd] rqEgkjk /;ku vÒh “h iwjk ughaa gSA** blds lkFk gh mUgksaus eq>s rh[kh utj ls ns[kkA ^^ge bli`Foh ij ,d Ldwy dh rjg ls vk;s FksA ge ;gkWa ij vius ikB lh[kus ds fy, vkrs gSaA ge Ldwyesa] igyh gkftjh ds lkFk] lcls NksVh d{kk esa gksrs gSa] D;ksafd ge “ksys gSa] vUtku gSa v©j vÒh geusdqN “h lh[kk ughaa gSA ge viuk l= lekIr gksus ds ckn] ;k rks viuh ijh{kk,sa ikl dj ysrs gSa ;kmuesa Qsy gks tkrs gSaA tc ge] Ldwy dh Nqfê;ksa ls okil y©Vrs gSa rks] ;fn ikl gq, rks mPprjd{kkvksa esa tkrs gSa v©j ;fn ge Qsy gq,] rks ge mlh d{kk esa okil vkrs gSa] ftldks geus NksM+kFkkA ;fn ge] 'kk;n] dsoy ,d ;k nks gh fo"k; esa Qsy gksrs gSa rks] gesa ÅWaph d{kk esa tkus dhbtktr fey tkrh gS v©j Qsy gq, fo"k; dks] gesa nqckjk i<+uk iM+rk gSA**

;s eq>s ml “k"kk esa dgk x;k Fkk] ftls eSa vPNh rjg le>rk FkkA eSa ijh{kkvksa ds ckjsesa] ,d fo"k; esa Qsy gksus v©j cM+s yM+dksa ds lkFk i<+rs gq,] çfr;ksfxrk djrs gq,] v©j mPprjd{kkvksa esa tkus ds ckjs esa] v©j vius mlh le; esa] [kkyh le; esa] fdlh iqjkus <ax ds cw<s+ ykekf'k{kd ds ikl] dksbZ og] tks bruk iqjkuk Fkk] tks vius yM+diu ds fnuksa dks iwjh rjg ls “wy pqdkFkk] fx) dh fuxkgksa ds varxZr i<+rs gq,] lc dqN tkurk FkkA

,d /kekdk gqvk] v©j eSa Mj ds dkj.k bruk mNy x;k fd] eSaus yxÒx tehu dks NksM+fn;kA ^^vkg] yksclkax] bl çdkj gesa dqy feyk dj çfrfØ;k feyh]** esjs f'k{kd ykek feaX;kjMksaMqi us] ml pkanh dh ÄaVh dks mBkrs gq,] tks esjs ihNs fxj iM+h Fkh] gaWlrs gq, dgk! ^êSaus dbZvoljksa ij rqels ckr dh gS] ijarq rqe cgqr nwj ds {ks=ksa esa Äwe jgs FksA**

^êq>s [ksn gSa] vknj.kh; ykek]** eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^îjarq eSa lksp jgk Fkk fd] vkidk O;k[;kufdruk Li"V FkkA**

ykek us ,d eqLdqjkgV fc[ksjh v©j dguk tkjh j[kkA ^^ge bl yksd esa vkrs gSa] tSls fd]cPps Ldwy tkrs gSaA ;fn ge vius thou dky esa] vPNk djrs gSa v©j dqN lh[k ysrs gSa] ftldsdkj.k gesa ;gkaW vkuk iM+k Fkk] rks ge vkxs méfr djrs gSa v©j vxyk tUe] mPprj fLFkfr esa ikrsgSaA ;fn ge vius ikBksas dks ughaa lh[krs gSa rks ge] vf/kdka'kr% mlh çdkj ds 'kjhj v©j ifjfLFkfrvksaesa okil vkrs gSaA dqN ekeyksa esa] fdlh vkneh us vius fiNys tUe esa] nwljksa ds çfr vR;f/kddwzjrk fn[kkbZ gksxh] rks mls bl i`Foh ij nqckjk okil vkuk pkfg, v©j vius cqjs dkeksa dk gjtkuknsuk pkfg,A mls ;gkaW okil vkuk pkfg, v©j nwljksa ds çfr n;kyqrk fn[kkuh pkfg,A bl thou dsegku lq/kkjd] fiNys thou esa vkØked jgs FksA thou dk pØ blh çdkj Äwerk gS] igys ,d

84

dks /kuk<~; cukrs gq, v©j nwljs dks xjhch esa ykrs gq,] v©j vkt dk fÒ[kkjh] dy dk jktdqekj gksldrk gS v©j bl çdkj ;s ,d thou ls nwljs thou rd] yxkrkj pyrk tkrk gSA ^îjarqvknj.kh; ykek]** eSaus chp esa Vksdk] ^^D;k bldk vFkZ ;s gS fd] ;fn dksbZ vkneh] ,d Vkax okykfÒ[kkjh gS] rks mlus fiNys tUe esa] fdlh nwljs dh VkWax dkVh gksxh \**

^ûghaa] yksclkax] ,slk ughaa gSA bldk eryc ;s gS fd] ml vkneh dks xjhc gksus dhv©j ,d VkaWx xokWa nsus dh vko';drk Fkh rkfd] og blls lcd ys ldsA ;fn rqe vkÑfr;ksa dksns[kks] ;fn viuh gh LysV v©j vius gh x.kd dks yksA ;fn rqe [kksnus dh fo|k dk v/;;u djukpkgrs gks] rks rqe ,d pkdw v©j ,d ydM+h dk VqdM+k yksxsA vius gkFk esa tks dke gS] rqe mldslEcaf/kr mi;ksxh v©tkjksa dks yksxsA ,slk gh 'kjhj ds ml çdkj ds lkFk gS] tks gekjk gS] 'kjhj v©jgekjs thou dh ifjfLFkr;kW]a ml dke ds fy,] ftls gesa lh[kuk gS] lcls vPNh gSaA**

eSaus ml cw<+s fÒ{kq ds Åij fopkj fd;k] tks ej x;k Fkk] og ges'kk vius [kjkc deksZa dsçfr] ;s vk'p;Z djrs gq, foyki djrk jgrk Fkk fd] mlus ,slk D;k fd;k Fkk fd] mls bruk dBksjthou feykA ^^vkg] gkaW] yksclkax]** esjs f'k{kd us esjs fopkjksa dks i<+rs gq, dgk] ^^vkRekuqÒwfr dksçkIr u fd, gq, yksx] ges'kk deksZa ds O;ogkj ij jksrs] iNrkrs jgrs gSaA os ;s ughaa eglwl djrs fd]dbZ ckj] os nwljksa ds cqjs dk;kZsa ds “h f'kdkj gks tkrs gSa] v©j bl çdkj vU;k; iwoZd “qxrrsgSa] ;|fi ckn ds thou esa] os bldh iwjh {kfriwfrZ vFkok eqvkctk ik tkrs gSaA eSa rqels fQj dgrkgWwa] yksclkax] rqe fdlh vkneh ds mé;u dks] i`Foh ij mldh orZeku voLFkk ls] r; ughaa djldrs] v©j u gh cqjkbZ ds :i esa mldh fuank dj ldrs gks D;ksafd] og dfBukbZ;ksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrkgSA u gha] rqEgsa mldh fuank djuh pkfg,] D;ksafd tc rd rqe lÒh rRoksa dks ughaa tkurs gks]ftldks rqe bl thou esa ughaa tku ldrs] rqe dksbZ iôk fu.kZ; ughaa ys ldrsA**

eafnj dh rqjb;ksa dh] gkWy v©j xfy;kjksa es xawtrh gqbZa vkoktksa us] gedks viuh ckrksa ls gVdj] 'kke dh çkFkZuk ds fy, cqyk;kA eafnj dh rqjb;ksa dh vkoktsa \ vFkok ;s ,d xgjh vkoktokyk ÄaVk Fkk \ ,slk yxk fd] Qyrk&Qwyrk] eq>dks >Vds ekjrk] eq>dks i`Foh ij thou esa okilykrk gqvk ÄaVk] esjs flj esa FkkA dfBurk ls eSaus viuh vkWa[ksa [kksyhaA esjs foLrj ds ikl insZ Fks v©jiM+©l esa vkWDlhtu dk ,d flysaMj j[kk FkkA ^ôg tx x;k gS] MkWDVj]** iSjksa dks fgykrs gq,] ,dLoj us dgk v©j vPNh rjg dyQ fn;s x, diM+ksa dh ljljkgV dh rjg] ,d yky psgjk esjs–f"V {ks= esa vk;kA ^^vkg** vesfjdh MkWDVj us dgkA ^^v©j vc rqe okil vius thou esa vk x, gks]rqedks okLro esa] jxM+ fn;k x;k Fkk** eSaus 'kwU; esa mldh vksj ns[kkA

^êsjs lwVdsl \** eSaus iwNk] ^^D;k os Bhd&Bkd gSa \**^ûghaa] ,d yM+dk mUgsa ysdj “kx x;k v©j iqfyl mls <wa<+ ughaa ldhA**ckn esa] tkudkjh pkgrh gqbZ iqfyl] fnu esa] esjs fcLrj ds ikl vkbZA esjs lwVdsl pksjh gks

x, FksA ftl O;fä dh dkj us eq>s /kôk ns dj fxjk fn;k Fkk v©j eq>s cqjh rjg Äk;y dj fn;kFkk] mldk chek ughaa FkkA og csjkstxkj uhxzks FkkA ,d ckj fQj] esjh cka;h “qtk VwV xbZ Fkh] ilyhdh pkj gfì;kWa VwV xbaZ Fkha v©j nksuksa iSj dqpy x, FksA ^^rqe ,d eghus esa ckgj gks tkvksxs]^^MkWDVj us çlé gksrs gq, dgk \ rc eq>s Mcy fueksfu;kaW gks x;kA u© g¶rs ds fy,] eSa vLirky esav©j yack fVd x;kA tSls gh eSa mBus ds fy, leFkZ gqvk] eq>s] “qxrku djus ds fy, dgk x;kA^^gesa rqEgkjs cVq;s esa nks l© lkB Mkyj feys Fks] mlesa ls gesa nks l© ipkl Mkyj] rqEgkjs ;gkWa jgusds ysus iM+asxsA** eSaus gôk&côk lk gks dj] ml vkneh dks ns[kkA ^îjarq esjs ikl dksbZ dke ughaa gS]dqN ughaa]** eSaus dgkA ^êSa nl Mkyj ij dSls thfor jgwaWxk \**

vkneh us vius da/ks mpdk;sA ^^vksg] rqEgsa mls uhxzks ds Åij eqdnek djuk iM+sxkA rqEgkjk

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bykt gqvk gS v©j gesa bldk “qxrku djuk iM+sxkA ge bl ekeys esa dqN ughaa dj ldrs& mlvkneh ds f[kykQ dk;Zokgh djks] ftlus rqEgsa ;s d"V fn;k gSA

dkairs gq,] eSa lhf<+;ksa ls uhps mrjkA xfy;ksa esa ÄwekA nl Mkyj dks NksM++ dj dksbZ iSlkughaa] dksbZ jkstxkj ughaa] jgus dh dksbZ txg ughaa] dSls jgk tk;s] ;s leL;k FkhA p©dhnkj us viusvaxwBs fn[kk fn;s] ^^xyh esa] ogkaW ,d dke fnykÅ ,stsUlh gS] tk dj muls feyksA** igys dh rjgls mlus flj fgykrs gq, dgk] viuh ,dek= vk'kk dks ns[krs gq,] eSa Äwe x;kA ,d FkksM+h cxy dhxyh esa] eSaus ,d vPNk lk fpUg ns[kk] ^^jkstxkj**A eSa rhljs rYys ij] dk;kZy; esa] p<+ x;k]ftldh O;oLFkk djuk esjs fy, eqf'dy FkkA tc rd eSa gkaWQrs gq,] jsfyax dh pksVh ds Åijh fdukjsrd] ughaa igqWapk] eq>s FkksM+k vPNk eglwl gqvkA

^^D;k pkfg, rqEgsa yM+ds \** ihys nkarksa okys ,d vkneh us] [kjkc lh flxkj dks] vius eksVsgksBksa ds chp Äqekrs gq, dgkA mlus eq>s uhps ls Åij rd ns[kkA ^^vuqeku djks fd] rqe vÒh ghtsy ;k vLirky esa ls vk;s gks]** eSaus mls] tks xqtj pqdk Fkk] og lc crk;k] esjk lkeku v©j iSlkdSls [kks;kA ^^blfy,] rqe rsth ls dqN iSlk dekuk pkgrs gks]** mlus dgk] mlus dkMZ mBkrs gq,v©j mlesa dqN o.kZu fy[krs gq, dgkA mlus og eq>s ns fn;k] v©j mls ,d gksVy esa] ftldk ukecgqr mRloe; Fkk] tkus ds fy, dgk] vius ewY;oku lsUVksa (cents) dks cl fdjk;s esas [kpZ djds]eSa lÒh gksVyksa ls vPNs esa] x;kA

^^chl Mkyj çfr lIrkg v©j ,d fnu esa ,d ckj [kkuk]** LVkQ ds çca/kd us dgkAblfy,] ^^chl Mkyj v©j ,d ckj çfrfnu [kkus ds fy,** eSaus xanh IysVksa ds igkM+ksa dks /kks;k] v©jvarghu lhf<+;ksa dks çfrfnu nl Ä.Vs jxM+ dj lkQ fd;kA

,d lIrkg esa chl Mkyj&v©j fnu esa ,d ckj [kkukA LVkQ dks fn;k tkus okyk [kkuk]ml xq.kcÙkrk dk ughaa Fkk] tks vfrfFk;ksa dks fn;k tkrk FkkA LVkQ ds [kkus dk eqf'dy ls gh tkWapv©j fujh{k.k fd;k tkrk FkkA esjh etnwjh bruh de Fkh fd] eSa ,d dejk ughaa ys ldrk FkkA eSausviuk Äj] ikdksZ esa] esgjkcksa v©j iqyksa ds uhps] cuk;k v©j jkr dks tc ml chV dk flikgh vkrk]eSaus mlls igys ogkaW ls gV tkuk lh[k fy;k] tks viuh jkr dh NM+h dks pqÒkrk gqvk vkrk FkkAeSaus ml dM+kds dh BaM ls cpus ds fy,] tks jkr esa U;w;kWdZ dks ohjku cuk nsrh Fkh] vius diM+ksadks v[kckjksa ls “juk lh[k fy;kA esjs diM+ksa esa ls ,d lwV] ;k=k esa QV x;k Fkk v©j dkeksa dsdkj.k xank gks x;k Fkk] v©j esjs ikl cnyus ds fy, vaMjfo;j “h ughaa FkkA vius diM+s /kksus dsfy,] eSa [kqn dks iq#"kksa ds d{k esa can dj ysrk] vius vaMjfo;j dks gVkrk v©j fQj ls iSaV iguysrk v©j ck'k csflu esa vius diM+ksa dks /kksrk] v©j ckn esa “ki ds uyksa ij Mky dj mUgsa lq[kkrkD;ksafd] tc rd os iguus yk;d ughaa gksrs] eSa ckgj ughaa tk ldrk FkkA esjs twrksa esa] muds rYyksaesa] Nsn gks x, Fks] dwM+snku esa vPNh tksfM+;ksa ds fy, <w<+rs gq,] tks 'kk;n dksbZ xzkgd QSad x;k gks]eSaus mUgsa xÙks yxk dj can fd;kA ijarq] eq> rd igqaapus ls igys] vfrfFk;ksa ds mu dwM+snkuksa dksns[kus okyh] ogkWa reke ,slh mRlqd vkaW[ksa v©j reke ,sls gkFk FksA eSa ,d [kkuk çfrfnu v©j i;kZIrikuh ds vk/kkj ij] jgrk v©j dke djrk FkkA /khes&/khes] eSaus ,d iqjkuk lwV] v©j ,d tksM+h iqjkustwrs] v©j cnyus ds fy, diM+s tek dj fy,A /khes&/khes eSaus l© Mkyj tksM+ fy,A

,d fnu] tc esa lsok }kj dh vksj dke dj jgk Fkk] eSaus nks vfrfFk;ksas dks ckr djrs gq,lqukA os ,d foKkiu ds] ftls ,d fo'ks"k çdkj ds vkneh mBkrs Fks] tSlk os pkgrs Fks] mÙkj(responce) ikus dh vlQyrk ds Åij] fopkj foe'kZ dj jgs FksA eSaus viuk dke /khes] v©j /khesfd;kA ^^;wjksi dk Kku] vPNh vkokt] jsfM;ks çf'k{k.k-----** eq>s dqN gqvk] eSa njokts ds ikl n©M+kv©j [kq'kh ls fpYyk;k] ^^eSa bu lc dk nkok dj ldrk gwWa!** vkneh eq>s ns[krk gqvk vokd~ jg x;k

86

v©j rc gWalh ds ekjs QwV iM+kA vius psgjksa ij rst xqLls ds lkFk] çeq[k çrh{kd (waiter) v©j ,dmldk v/khuLFk çrh{kd] vkxs dh vksj n©M+sA ^^ckgj!** çeq[k çrh{kd us dgkA T;ksa gh] esjh cspkjhiqjkuh tSfdV dkss Åij ls uhps QkM+rs gq,] mlus fgald rjhds ls esjk dkWyj idM+k] eSa mldh rjQeqM+k v©j eSaus tSdsV ds nksuksa VqdM+s] mlds eqaWg ij ns ekjs% ^^,d g¶rs esa chl Mkyj] rqEgsa fdlhvkneh ls ,slk dgus ds dkfcy ughaa cukrs gSaA** eSaus rh[ks iu ls dgkA nksuksa vknfe;ksa esa ls ,d us]eq>s fuLrC/k vkrad ds lkFk ns[kk] ^^,d g¶rs esa chl Mkyj] rqeus ;s dgk \**

^^gkaW] Jheku~] ;gh gS] tks eq>s fn;k tkrk gS] v©j ,d ckj [kkuk çfrfnuA eSa cxhpksa eas lksrkgwaW] LFkku&LFkku ij iqfyl }kjk esjk ihNk fd;k tkrk gSA eSa bl ^^volj okys ns'k** eSa vk;k Fkk fd]vxys gh fnu] ,d n©M+rs gq, vkneh us] eq>s viuh dkj ls fxjk fn;k v©j tc eSa csgks'k Fkk] ,dvesfjdu us] tks dqN “h esjs ikl Fkk] lc ywV fy;kA çek.k \ Jheku~ \ eSa vkidks çek.k nwaWxk] rcvki esjh dgkuh dh tkWap djsaA** ml ry dk eSustj] vius gkFkksa dsk eyrk gqvk v©j yxÒx jksrkgqvk] n©M+rk gqvk vk;kA gesa vkWfQl esa ys tk;k x;kA nwljs yksx cSBs] eq>s [kM+k NksM+ fn;k x;kAnksuksa vknfe;ksa esa ls vf/kd vk;q okys us] vLirky dks Qksu fd;k] v©j dqN foyac ds ckn] esjhdgkuh iwjs foLrkj ds lkFk] iwjh rjg lR;kfir dj nh xbZA ry ds eSustj us eq>s chl Mkyj dkuksV fn;k] ^^,d ubZ tSdsV [kjhn yks]** mlus dgk] ^^v©j ;gkaW ls nQk gks tkvks( v©j** eSaus mldseksVs gkFkksa eas og iSlk okil nck fn;kA ^^rqe bls ys yks** eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^êsjh vis{kk rqEgsa bldhvf/kd vko';drk gksxhA** eSa ogkWa ls pyus ds fy, eqM+k v©j T;ksa gh eSa njokts ij igWqapk] ,d gkFkrsth ls ckgj vk;k v©j ,d Loj us dgk] ^^#dks**A cw<+s vkneh us lh/ks esjh vkWa[kksa ij fuxkg x<+kbZA^êq>s yxrk gS fd] rqe gekjs fy, Bhd jgksxsA ge ns[ksaxsA rqe dy 'ksusDVsMh (Schenectady)47

vk tkvksA esjk dkMZ ;s gSA** eSa tkus ds fy, eqM+kA ^^#dks] rqEgsa ogkWa feyus ds fy,] ;s ipkl MkyjyksA**

^^lj]** çLrkfor fd, x, /ku dks euk djrs gq,] eSaus dgk] ^êSa ogkWa vius lk/ku ls igqWapawxkAeSa rc rd vkils dksbZ iSlk ughaa ywWaxk] tc rd fd vki iwjh rjg fuf'apr u gks tk,sa fd] eSavkidh t:jrksa dks iwjk djrk gWwa] D;ksafd ;fn vki eq>s ughaa pkgsaxs] rks gks ldrk gS fd] eSa vkidsiSls okil u dj ldWwa]** eSa eqM+k v©j dejs ds ckgj fudy x;kA LVkQ :e ds ykWdj esa ls] eSausvius vfr vYi lkeku dks fy;k v©j xyh es ls lM+d ij ckgj vk x;kA ikdZ esa ,d lhV dksNksM+ dj] eq>s dgha tkus ds fy, ughaa FkkA dksbZ Nr ughaa] dksbZ ughaa ftls eSa vyfonk dg ldWwaA jkresa n;kghu o"kkZ gqbZ v©j eq>s iwjh rjg ikuh esa fÒxks fn;kA l©ÒkX; ls] eSaus ^^vius u;s lwV dks** mlij cSBs jgrs gq,] lw[kk cuk;s j[kk FkkA lqcg eSaus ,d dQ dkWQh v©j ,d lsaMfop yh v©j U;w;kWdZ'kgj ls 'ksusDVsMh tkus dk lcls lLrk rjhdk cl ls gh ik;kA eSaus viuk fVfdV [kjhnk v©j ,dlhV ij cSB x;kA fdlh ;k=h us] lqcg ds lekpkj i= dh ,d çfr] viuh lhV ij NksM+ nh Fkh]blfy, eSaus bls] vius vfuf'pr “fo"; ds Åij] viuh gh lksp cukus ds fy,] iwjk i<+kA clfÒufÒukrh gqbZ vkbZ v©j ehyksa dks ipkrh pyh xbZA 'kke rd eSa 'kgj esa igqWap x;kA eSa lkoZtfud

47 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % 'ksusDVsMh] U;w;kWdZ jkT; dk ,d 'kgj gS] ftldh vkoknh yxÒx 66 gtkj gSA eksgkd (Mohawk) Òk"kk ds 'kCn ls O;qRié 'ksusDVsMh dk 'kkfCndvFkZ gS ^^phM+ ds isM+ksa ds ihNs**A 'kgj U;w;ksdZ ds iwohZ Òkx esa vkSj eksgd rFkk gMlu ufn;ksa ds laxe ij] eksgksd unh ds nf{k.kh rV ij fLFkr gS bls 17oha 'krkCnh esaMp (Dutch) dksyksukbtjksa us clk;k FkkA 19oha 'krkCnh esa 'kgj dk fodkl rsth ls gqvk] ftlesa eksgkd ÄkVh fuekZ.k rFkk ;krk;kr ds jkLrs cuk, x,A 1824 rd —f"kvkSj O;kikj dh rqyuk esa] fuekZ.k dk;ksZa esa vf/kd yksx dke djrs FksA 'kgj eas rc /kqj nf{k.k ls dikl yk dj çlaLdj.k djus okyh] ,d cM+h fey FkhA 19oha 'kRkkCnh esajk"Vªh; çÒkookyh vusd daifu;kWa vkSj m+|ksx 'ksusDVsMh esa fodflr gq,] ftuesa tujy bysfDVªd vkSj vesfjdu yksdkseksfVod daiuh] tks 20oha 'krkCnh esa 'kfä'kkyh Fkhaogka çkjaÒ gqbZaA 'kgj esa ukfÒdh; ÅtkZ iuMqfCc;ksas (Nuclear submarines) dks cukus okyh rduhd dk fodkl gqvkA 21oha 'krkCnh esaa] iqu% uohuhdj.k ÅtkZ (Renewable

energy) ds fofÒé Lo:iksa ij vR;f/kd rsth ls dke fd;k x;kA çeq[kr% nks daifu;ksas ,Mhlu bysfDVªd daiuh ¼vc ftls tujy bysfDVªd ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS½ vkSjvesfjdu yksdkseksfVo daiuh ds dkj.k] 'kgj dks ^^'kgj tks iwjs fo'o dks çdkf'kr djrk gS** dk f[krkc fn;k x;kA tujy bysfDVªd us viuh ç'kklfud O;oLFkk vÒh Òhogha j[kh gS] tcfd mlds gtkjksa fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dks luosYV vkSj nwljs ns'kksa dks LFkkukUrfjr dj fn;k x;k gSA vesfjdu yskdkseksfVo daiuh us o"kksZa rd Òki ds batucuk,A ckn esa bls mPp nokc okys] loksZPp {kerk okys] Òki ds batuksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, tkuk x;kA f}rh; fo'o ;q) dh vof/k esaa blus ;q) dks leFkZu nsus ds fy,viuk Lo:i cny fy;k vkSj vejhdh QkSt ds fy, VSad cuk,A ckn esa 1969 esa daiuh us viuk dkjksckj 'ksusDVsMh ls can dj fn;kA

87

Lukux`g dh vksj x;k v©j ftruk vius vkidks pqLr cuk ldrk Fkk] cuk;k] vius lkQ diM+s igusv©j ckgj fudy vk;kA

jsfM;ks LVwfM;ks esa nksuksa vkneh çrh{kk dj jgs FksA ÄaVksa ds ckn Ä.Vksa rd] mUgksaus esjs lkFk

ç'uksa dk vackj yxk fn;kA ,d ds ckn ,d vkneh vanj vk;k v©j fQj ckgj x;kA var esa mUgksaus

esjh iwjh dgkuh lquhA ^^rqEgkjk dguk gS fd] rqEgkjs lkjs dkxtkr 'kaÄkbZ esa ,d nksLr ds ikl j[ks

gSa \** ofj"B vkneh us dgk] ^^rc ge rqEgsa vLFkkbZ vk/kkj ij dke esa yxk nsaxs v©j 'kaÄkbZ dks ,d

leqæhrkj (cable) Òstsaxs rkfd rqEgkjs lkjs dkxt] lkjh phtsa ;gkWa vk tk,saA tSls gh ge bu

dkxtksa dks ns[k ysaxs] rqEgsa LFkkbZ vk/kkj fey tk,sxkA ,d l© nl Mkyj ,d lIrkg ds( tc ge

dkxtkr dks ns[k ysaxs] ge blds Åij vkxs ppkZ djsaxsA mUgsa ogkWa ls gekjs [kpsZ ij fÒtok nksA**

nwljk vkneh cksyk] ^^fuf'pr:i ls eSa vuqeku yxkrk gWwa fd] bldks vfxze nsus ij] ;s ,slk

dj ldrk gS]** mlus dgkA

^^bldks ,d eghus dk osru] vfxze ds :i esa ns nksA** igys vkneh us dgkA ^^mls ijlksa ls

dke 'kq: djus nksA**

bl çdkj] esjs thou dk vkuaniw.kZ le; çkjEÒ gqvkA eSaus dke dks ilan fd;k] v©j eSaus

iwjh larqf"V çnku dhA dqN le; ckn esjs dkxtkr] esjk o"kksZ iqjkuk fØLVy v©j dkQh de] nwljh

phtsa vk xbZaA nksuksa vknfe;ksa us gj pht dh tkWap&ij[k dh v©j eq>s iaæg Mkyj çfr lIrkg dh

osru o`f) ns nhA thou esjs Åij eqLdqjkuk 'kq: dj jgk Fkk] eSaus lkspkA

dqN le; ckn] ftlds chp eSaus vius vf/kdka'k iSls dks cpk;k] eq>s bl çdkj dh “kouk

eglwl gksus dk vuqÒo gqvk fd] eSa dgha ughaa tk jgk gWwa] eSa vius Åij l©ais x, dkeksa dks thou esa

ughaa ysus okyk gWwaaA vc] cw<+k vkneh eq>s vf/kd ilan djrk Fkk] eSa mlds ikl x;k v©j viuh O;Fkk

lqukbZ] mls crkrs gq, fd] tc mUgsa ,d dksbZ mfpr vkneh fey tk,xk] eSa pyk tkÅWaxkA rhu

eghus ds fy, eSa v©j ogkaW #dkA

esjs dkxtkr 'kaÄkbZ ls vk pqds Fks] muds lkFk esa fczVsu ds vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk] fczfV'k fj;k;rksa

ij tkjh fd;k x;k] ,d ikliksVZ FkkA ;q) ds can gksus ds ckn ds mu fnuksa esa] fczVsu ds yksx esjs

cgqr ç'kald gks x, Fks] D;ksafd mUgksaus esjh lsokvksa dk ykÒ mBk;k FkkA eSa vius ikliksVZ v©j nwljs

dkxtksa dks] U;w;kWdZ esa] baXySaM ds nwrkokl ys x;k] v©j dkQh foyac ds ckn] ,d chlk v©j baXySaM

esa dke djus dh vuqefr çkIr dhA

var esa esjk ,d LFkkukié (substitute) fey x;k] v©j eSa ^^viuk dkedkt mls fl[kkus ds

fy,** nks g¶rs ogkWa #dkA rc eSaus NksM+ fn;kA vesfjdk bl ekeys esa] 'kk;n] vf}rh; gS fd] gj

dksbZ ;gkWa tkurk gS fd] ogkWa yxÒx eq¶r esa] dgha “h dSls tk;k tk ldrk gSA eSaus fofÒé lekpkj

i=ksa dh vksj ns[kk tc rd fd eSaus ^^ifjogu (transport)** 'kh"kZd ds varxZr fuEufyf[kr ughaa

88

ik;k^dsyhQksZfu;k48] fl;kVsy49] cksLVu50] U;w;kWd51ZA xSl eq¶r] dkWy 000000 xxx xkM+h ckgj pyk dj ys tkuh gSA**vesfjdk esa çfr"Bku (firms)] dkjksa dks] iwjs egk}hi eas vius xzkgdksa dks] muds Äjksa ij

igWqapkrs gSaA vusd MªkbZoj ;k=k djuk pkgrs gSa blfy,] mu lWÒkfor MªkbZojksa ds fy,] ,slh xkM+higqaWpkus okys laLFkkuksa ds laidZ esa vkuk] ,d vPNk v©j lLrk rjhdk gSA xkM+h pykus dh ,dlk/kkj.k ijh{kk ikl djus ds ckn] fdlh MªkbZoj dks mlds jkLrs ij iM+us okys fofÒé isVªksy iEiksads xSl ckmpj52 ns fn, tkrs gSaA eSa xxx xkM+h fÒtokus okyh daiuh ij feyk v©j eSaus dgk eSa ,ddkj dks fl;kVsy (Seattle) rd pyk dj ys tkuk pkgrk FkkA ^^dksbZ ijs'kkuh ughaa] fcYdqy]** mlus

48 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dSyhQksfuZ;k] la;qä jkT; vesfjdk ds if'peh leqærV ij fLFkr ,d jkT; gSA ;s viuh rhu djksM+] uCcs yk[k] vkcknh ds lkFk] vejhdk dklokZf/kd tula[;k okyk jkT; gS vkSj {ks=Qy ds fglkc ls vykLdk vkSj VSDlkl ds ckn vejhdk esa bldk rhljk LFkku vkrk gSA dSyhQksfuZ;k ds mÙkj esa vksjsxksu] iwoZesa usoknk] nf{k.k&iwoZ esa ,jhtksuk vkSj nf{k.k esaa eSfDldks ds cktk&dSyhQksfuZ;k ds jkT; vkrs gSaA dSYkhQksfuZ;k jkT; esa] vejhdk ds 50 lokZf/kd vkcknh okys 'kgjksa esa lsvkB ¼ykWl ,satsfyl] lsu fM;kxks] lsu vksts] lsu ÝkaaflLdks] Ýsluks] lsØsUesaVks] yksax chp rFkk vksd ySaM½ bl jkT; esa gSaA 1854 ls lsØssesaVks dSyhQksfuZ;k jkT; dh jkt/kkuhgSA dSyhQksfuZ;k dh vFkZ O;oLFkk rduhd] foÙk] Òou ,oa lEifÙk] 'kkkldh;] oSKkfud vkSj rduhdh m|ksx lsokvksa ij vk/kkfjr gS tks dqy feyk dj jkT; dhvFkZO;oLFkk esa 50 çfr'kr ;ksxnku djrh gSA jkT; dk yxÒx 45 çfr'kr fgLlk taxyksasa ls Òjk gSA dSyhQksfuZ;k ds OgkbV ekmaVsUl (White mountains) ds {ks= esa ,slsvusd isM+ gSa] tks nqfu;k esa lacls vf/kd iqjkus gSaA

20oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaÒ esa] cM+s&cM+s varZegk}hih; lM+dksa] tSls fd fyadu (Lincolin) gkbZ os vkSj :V 66 ds tky ds dkj.k] dSYkhQksfuZ;k esa vkoztdksa(immigrants) dh la[;k cgqr rsth ls c<+h gSA 1900 ls 1965 ds dky esa yxÒx 10 yk[k yksxksa dh vkcknh c<+h] ftlus bls la;qä jkT; dk lcls cM+k vkcknh okykjkT; cuk fn;kA c<+rh gqbZ vkcknh dh ekaxksa dks iwjk djus ds fy,] vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy,] ykWl ,satsysl ,DokMDV (Los Angeles Aqua ducts)] vksjsfcysvkSj 'kkLrk cka/k] (Shasta dam), [kkM+h (Valley) vkSj Lo.kZ }kj lsrq (Golden Gate bridge) cuk, x,A vusd fQYe fuekZ.kdrkZvksa us 1920 esa gkWyhoqM esa vius LVwfM;kscuk,A f}rh; fo'o;q) ds nkSjku] dSyhQksfuZ;k us vejhdk dh QkSth vko';drkvksa dk yxÒx 8-7 çfr'kr mRiknu fd;k A

LVsuQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh vkSj mlds bathfu;fjax QSsdYVh ds Mhu QsMfjd VeZu (Fredrick Terman) us QSdYVh vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dSyhQkWfuZ;k esa gh cus jgusds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k vkSj ,d vR;f/kd mPp rduhdh {ks=] ftls vktdy flyhdksu oSyh (Silicon Valley) dgk tkrk gS] dk fodkl fd;kA rFkkfi] 20oha 'krkCnh esasdSyhQkWfuZ;k esa nks egku vkink;asa vkbZaA 1906 esa lsu ÝkaflLdks esa ÒwdEi vk;k vkSj 1928 esa lsu ÝkaflLdks cka/k dk ikuh vesfjdk ds bfrgkl esaaa ekjd ck<+ ds :i esaçdV gqvkA dSyhQkWfu;k dh 0-38 çfr'kr vkcknh fgUnh] -31 çfr'kr vkcknh iatkch vkSj 2--29 çfr'kr vkcknh rsyxw cksyrh gSA jkT; ds dPps rsy vkSj çk—frd xSl dsÒ.Mkj] dsUæh; ÄkVh esa gSa vkSj dSyhWQkWfuZ;k leqæ rV ij vius nks cM+s ukfÒdh; fctyh Äjksa] fM;kcyks dsfu;u (Diablo Canyon) vkSj lsu vkssuksÝs (San Onofre) ds fy,Òh tkuk tkrk gSA blesa ls ckn okys dks 2013 esa can dj fn;k x;k] tcfd 1970 ds ckn esa dksbZ Òh u;k ukfÒdh; fctyh Äj ugha yxk;k x;kA

fdlh le; es Lo.kZ }kj lsrq (Golden Gate bridge)] ftldk eq[; Liku (span) 4200 QqV dk gS] fo'o dk lcls yack >wyk lsrq (suspension bridge) FkkAbls 1937 esa pkyw fd;k x;kA ykWl ,Utsfyl varZjk"Vªh; gokbZ vìk] fo'o dk lokZf/kd O;Lr gokbZ vìk gS] tcfd lsuÝkaflLdks dk varZjk"Vªh; gokbZ vìk] fo'o dk 21oka O;Lrre gokbZ gìk gSA

49 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fl;kVsy ( Seatel) vejhdk ds if'peh leqæ rV ij fLFkr canjxkg okyk ,d 'kgj gS] ftldh vkcknh yxÒx 6 yk[k 62 gtkj gSA fl;kVsy]mÙkjh vejhdk ds ç'kkUr egklkxj ds mÙkj&if'peh {ks= vkSj okf'kaxVu jkT; dk lcls cM+k 'kgj gS] tks vesfjdk esa lokZf/kd rsth ls fodflr gqvk] cM+k 'kgj gS vkSjpksVh ds ikap 'kgjksa esa ls ,d gSA fl;kVsy {ks=] çkjaÒ esa ewy vejhduksa (native Americans) }kjk yxÒx 4 gtkj o"kZ igys clk;k x;k FkkA 19oha 'krkCnh ds mÙkjk/kZ esa ;s'kgj O;kikfjd vkSj tgkt cukus ds dsUæ ds :i esa fodflr gqvkA f}rh; fo'o;q) ds ckn] vkaf'kd :i ls LFkkuh; cksbZax daiuh tks gokbZ tgktksa dks cukrh gS] dsdkj.k] 'kgj dh çxfr dh nj cgqr vf/kd jghA rduhdh dsUæ ds :i esa fl;kVsy {ks= 1980 ds n'kd esa fodflr gqvk] ftlesa ekbØkslkW¶V (Microsoft) tSlh daifu;kaogka LFkkfir gqbZaA 1994 esa vestu] tks [kqnjk O;kikj dk lcls cM+k nSR; gS] fl;kVsy esa LFkkfir gqvkA 'kgj eq[;r% igkM+h bykdk gS] ;|fi lÒh txg ,slk ugha gSA jksedh Òk¡fr 'kgj dks lkr igkfM+;ksa ij fLFkr dgk tkrk gS] ftlesasa dsihVksy fgy (Capitol hill) ] QLVZ fgy (First hill)] osLV fl;kVsy (West Seatel)] csdu fgy (Bacon

hill)] Dohu ,uh (Queen Anne)] eaxksfy;k (Mangolia) vkSj iwoZorhZ Msuh fgy (Danny hill) 'kkfey gSA 50 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % cksLVu] vejhdk ds eSlkpqlsVl~ ds dkWeu oSYFk dk lcls cM+k 'kgj vkSj jkt/kkuh gSA vejhdk ds lcls iqjkus 'kgjksa esa ls ,d] cksLVu 1630 esa

baXyS.M sls vk, çokfl;ksa }kjk clk;k x;k FkkA 'kgj yxÒx 48 oxZehy esa QSYkk gqvk gS] ftldh vkcknh yxÒx 6 yk[k 60 gtkj gS] tks bls la;qä jkT; dk 24okalcls cM+k 'kgj vkSj U;w baXyS.M dk lcls cM+k 'kgj cukrh gSA bl {ks= ds vusd dkWyst vkSj ;wuhoflZVh] cksLVu dks fpfdRlk dk] vkSj mPp f'k{kk dk varZjk"Vªh; dsUæcukrs gSaA 'kgj dks fofÒé çdkj ds vkfo"dkjksa ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA 'kgj] fuekZ.k m|ksx dk vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls f'k{kk vkSj laaL—fr dk çeq[k dsUæ gSA

'kgj esa thou ;kiu dh ykxr (cost of living)] la;qä jkT; esa lcls Åaph gS tcfd thou ;kiu dk Lrj (standard of living)] fo'o Òj esa] mPp LFkku ijgSA 1990 ds ckn] ;gkWa edkuksa dh dhersa vuki&'kuki rsth ls c<+h gSaA 1850 esa vk;jYkS.M ds vkyw ds vdky (Irish potato femine)] ds ckn fo'ks"k :i ls vk;jysS.M ls;gka vkus okys çokfl;ksa dh la[;k cgqr rsth ls c<+h gSA cksLVu esa yxÒx 35 gtkj vk;fj'k yksx jgrs gSaA cksLVu dk {ks=Qy 90 oxZehy gS] ftlesa ls 54 çfr'krtehu vkSj 46 çfr'kr ikuh gSA 'kgj ds] yksxu varZjk"Vªh; gokbZ vìs dh] leqæry ls ÅapkbZ 19 QhV gS] tcfd cksLVu dk lcls ÅaWpk Òkx] csyhC;w fgy (Balleuve

Hill) leqæry ls 330 QqV dh ÅapkbZ ij gSA

;gkaW clar vkSj xzh"e ds çkjaÒ esas] dksgjk Nk;k jguk vke ckr gSA cksLVu] nqfu;kWa ds vkfFkZd :i ls laié 'kgjksa esa] rhloka LFkku j[krk gSA cksLVu esa fo'oÒj ds yxÒx3 yk[k 50 gtkj fo|kFkhZ v/;;u djrs gSaA i;ZVu ;gkWa dh vFkZO;oLFkk essa cM+k ;ksxnku djrk gSA mldh laL—fr ds dkj.k] cksLVu dks] ^vesfjdk dk vFksal (Athens of

America)* dgk tkrk gSA bls ^vesfjdk dh çfrÒk jkt/kkuh (intellectual capital of America)' Òh dgk tkrk gSA cksLVu ds çeq[k fo'ofo|ky;ksa esasa gkoZM fo'ofo|ky;(Harvard university)] eSlkpqlsVl baLVhV~~;wV vkWWWQ VSDuksykssth (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)] cksLVu fo'ofo|ky; (Boston university) vkSj czkaMkbZl fo'ofo|ky; (Brendeis university) çfl) gSaA czgÙkj cksLVu esa] 100 ls vf/kd fo'ofo|ky; vkSj dkWyst gSaA

51 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % la;qä jkT; vesfjdk dk mÙkj iwohZ çkUr] U;w;kWdZ gS] tks foLrkj ds fglkc ls vejhdk dk 27 oka vkSj vkcknh ds fglkc ls 4Fkk vkSj vkcknh dsÄuRo ds fglkc ls 7oka jkT; gSA U;w;kWdZ dh lhek,as] nf{k.k dh vksj U;w tlhZ (New Jersey) rFkk isuflYokfu;k (Pennsylvania) vkSj iwoZ dh vksj dusDVhdV(Connectcut), eslkpqlsV~l (Massachusetts) vkSj ojekasaV (Vermont) esa feyrh gSaA yksax }hi (Long island) ds iwoZ ds }hi jksM+s (Rheode) ds lkFk] jkT; dh [kqyh lhek gS]vkSj oSls gh] dsusMk ds lkFk Òh [kqyh lhek gSA mÙkj dh rjQ] dsusMk dk D;wosd (Quevec) jkT; vkSj if'pe dh rjQ dsusMk dk vksaVkfj;ks (Ontario) jkT; gSA U;w;kWdZjkT; dks U;w;kWdZ vkSj U;w;kWdZ 'kgj dks U;w;kWdZ 'kgj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

U;w;kWdZ 'kgj dh vkcknh yxÒx 8 djksM+ 50 yk[k gSA U;w;kWdZ 'kgj] vesfjdk dk lcls vf/kd vkcknh okyk 'kgj gS vkSj ckgj ls oS/kkfud :i ls vkusokys vkcztdksa (immigranrs) dk ços'k }kj gSA ;gkWa la;qä jk"Vª laÄ (United Nations) dk eq[;ky; gSA U;w;kWdZ dks ^^fo'o dh lkaL—frd vkSj vkfFkZd jkt/kkuh (Cultural

and economic capital of the world)" dgk tkrk gSA U;w;kWdZ dha Lora=rk dh ewrhZ (Statue of Liberty) fo'ofo[;kr gS] tks LorU=rk] ,oa çtkra= ds vkn'kksZa dks çnf'kZrdjrh gSA U;w;kWdZ esa mPp f'k{kk ds yxÒx 200 egkfo|ky; vkSj fo'ofo|ky; gSa] ftuesa dksyafc;k fo'ofo|ky; (Columbia Unversity) dksusZy fo'ofo|ky; (Corneil

University)] U;w;kWdZ fo'ofo|ky; (New York University) vkSj jksdQsyj fo'ofo|ky; (Rocke Feller University) fo'ks"k:Ik ls fo[;kr gSa vkSj fo'o ds çFke 35 fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh lwph esa 'kkfey gSaA

89

vk;jyS.M ds lk/kkj.k vkneh dh cksyh esa dgkA ^êSa ,d fyadu (Lincoln) dkj dks ogkWa ys tkus dsfy,] ,d MªkbZoj dh ryk'k esa gWwaA eq>s vklikl xkM+h pyk dj fn[kkvks] rqe dSlh pykrs gksA** T;ksagh] eSaus mls lkFk ysdj xkM+h pykbZ] mlus eq>s fofÒé ykÒnk;d ckrsa crkbaZA og eq>s dkQh gnrd ilan djrk gqvk yxk] rc mlus dgk] ^êSaus rqEgkjh vkokt igpku yh gS] rqe ,d mn~Äks"kd(announcer) FksA** ;s eq>s iôk irk py x;kA mlus dgk] ^êsjs ikl ,d yÄqrjax (shortwave)dk jsfM;ks gS] ftlls eSa nsgkr ds laidZ esa jgrk gwaWA blesas vc yÄqrjaxs ugha vk jgh gSa] blds ckjs esaD;k dqN xyr gSA LFkkuh; vkneh] bl çdkj ds jsfM;ks dks ughaa le>rs gSa] D;k rqe tkurs gks \**

eSaus mls fo'okl fnyk;k fd] eSa mlds jsfM;ks dks ns[kwWaxk v©j ,d dkj eq>s nsrs gq,] mlus+eq>s 'kke dks vius Äj vkus dk vkea=.k fn;k] ftlds lkFk eSa mlds Äj tkÅaWxkA mldh vk;fj'kiRuh] viokn:i ls (exceptionally) vPNh Fkh] v©j mUgksaus esjs vanj vk;jySaM ds fy, çse iSnkfd;k] tks esjs ogkWa jgus ds fy, tkus ij] rhozre gks x;kA

jsfM;ks] ,d cgqr çfl) vaxzsth ekWMy dk Fkk] vioknLo:i lcls vPNk ,d bZMhLVksu(Eddistone), ftldk dksbZ lkuh ughaa gSA “kX; esjs Åij eqLdjk jgk FkkA vk;fj'k vkneh us rkjksaes yxs gq, Iyxksa esa ls ,d dks mBk fy;k v©j eSaus ns[kk] mlus mls fdl çdkj idM+kA ^êq>s ogdqa.My (coil) nks]** eSaus dgk] ^^v©j ,d vko/kZd dkap\** mlds ikl Fkk] ,d tYnh ls dh xbZ ijh{kkus eq>s fn[kk;k fd] rkjksa dks xyr <ax ls idM+us ds dkj.k] mldh fiu esa ls ,d rkj VwV djfudy x;k FkkA eSaus bls] mls fn[kk;kA ^^D;k rqEgkjs ikl VkWadk v©j VkWadk yxkus dk db;k gS \**eSaus iwNkA ughaa] ijarq ;g mlds iM+©lh ds ikl FkkA tYnh ls og n©M+k] db;k v©j VkWadk fy, gq,]okil y©VkA rkj dks okil tksM+ nsuk dqN feuVksa dk dke Fkk& v©j jsfM;ks pkyw gks x;kA fVªej dslkFk esa fd, x, NksVs&eksVs rky esy ls og v©j vPNk dke djus yxkA tYnh gh ge mlesa lsch.ch.lh. yanu lquus yxsA

^êSa bl jsfM;ks dks Bhd djus ds fy, okil yanu “st jgk Fkk]** vk;fj'k vkneh us dgkA^^vc eSa rqEgkjs fy, dqN djus okyk gWwaA fyadu dk ekfyd] gekjs MªkbZojksa esa ls ,d dks ysdj] ;gpkgrk gS fd] mldh dkj fl;kVsy ys tkbZ tk;sA og ,d /kuk<~; vkneh gSA eSa rqEgsa vius ;gkWau©djh ij j[k jgk gwaW rkfd] rqEgsa osru fey tk,A ge rqEgsa vLlh Mkyj nsaxs v©j ml vknehls ,d l© chl Mkyj çkIr djsaxsA eatwj \** eatwj \ fuf'pr:i ls] vf/kdka'kr% ;s esajs fy, ,dneBhd gSA

vkus okys lkseokj dh lqcg] eSus ;k=k 'kq: dhA esjk igyk fBdkuk iklkMsuk(Pasadena)53 FkkA eSa ;s fuf'pr djuk pkgrk Fkk fd] ml tgkth bathfu;j ds] ftlds dkxtkr

11 flrEcj] 2001] dks pkj vkradokfn;ksa easa ls nks us] gokbZ tgkt Vdjk dj] fo'o O;kikj dsUæ (World Trade Center) dh ;qXe ehukjksa (twin

towers) dks fxjk fn;k Fkk] ftlls os rks iwjh rjg cokZn gks gh x;ha] blds lkFk vkx ls gq;s uqdlku ds dkj.k fo'o O;kikj dsUæ (WTO) dh lkr vU; bekjrssa fxj xbZA fo'oO;kikj dsUæ dk uqdlku ejEer ds yk;d ugha gksus ds dkj.k] bls iwjh rjg fxjk dj nqckjk cuk;k x;kA 11 flrEcj] 2011 dks blds Lekjd ds :i esa ,d Lekjd cuk djbldks nqckjk pkyw fd;k x;kA ckn esa ;gkaW] 21 ekpZ 2014 dks ,d laxzgky; (museum) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA vc 2014 esa iwjs gq;s u;s fo'o O;kikj dsUæ esa fo'o dh lokZf/kdÅWaph xxupqEch bekjrsa gSa] ftudh ÅapkbZa 7076 QqV gSA

lkekU;r% U;w ;kWdZ dk okrkoj.k FkksM+k ue gSA U;w ;kWdZ esaa ojeksaM ds vkdkj ds cjkcj vkdkj okys ,MhjksuMsd m|ku (Adirondec Park) dks cuk;kx;kA jkT; esa yxÒx 22 jk"Vªh; m|ku (National Parks) gSa] ftuesa yxÒx ,d djksM+ 65 yk[k i;ZVd çfro"kZ vkrs gSaA U;w ;kWdZ jkT; dh yxÒx nks frgkbZ vkcknh] U;w ;kWdZ'kgj esa jgrh gSA U;w ;kWdZ esa U;w ;kWdZ LVkd ,Dlpsat (New York Stock Exchange) vkSj uklMkWd (Nasdoc) fLFkr gSa] tks fo'o ds LVkWd ,Dlpsatksa esa ls Øe'k% igyk vkSjnwljk LFkku j[krs gSaA U;w ;ksdZ Òkjh ek=k esa fofÒé çdkj ds leku] tSls [kk| lkexzh] dEI;wVj] bysDVªkssfuDl dk lkeku] ghjs vkSj nwljs lkeku fu;kZr djrk gSA 52 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vejhdk esa isVªksy dks xSlksfyu (Gasolin) dgrs gSa] ftldk laf{kIr ^xSl* in] isVªksy ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA blfy;s xSl okmpj dk

vFkZ isVªksy okmpj ls gSA53 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % iklkMsuk] tks vesfjdk ds dSyhQkWfuZ;k jkT; esa gS] ykWl ,satsfyl dh ,d dkmaVh gSA iklkMsuk dh vkcknh yxÒx ,d yk[k pkyhl gtkj gSA

bls 1886 esa clk;k x;k FkkA 'kgj dks okf"kZd jkst ckmy QqVckWy xse (Rose bowl football game) rFkk VwukZesaV vkWQ jkstt ijsM (Tournament of roses parade) ds fy,tkuk tkrk gSA blds vfrfjä iklkMsuk esa vusd oSKkfud vkSj lkaL—frd laLFkku gSa] ftlesa çeq[kr% dSyhQkWfuZ;k baLVhV~;wV vkWQ VsDuksykWth (California Institute of

Technology)] tsV çksiYlu yscksjsVjh (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) ] ';wyj fFk;ksykWftdy lsehukjh (Fuller Theology Seminary)] vkVZl lsaVj]dkWyst vkWQ fMtk;u (Art

center college of design)] iklkMsuk Iys gkÅl (Pasadena play house)] uksVZu lkbeu E;wft;e vkWQ vkVZl vkWQ isflfQd ,f'k;k (Norton Simon museum of arts of

Pecefic Asia) çeq[k gSaA iklkMsuk ds fy, f}rh; fo'o;q) ,d cjnku fl) gqvk] D;ksaafd rc nf{k.kh dSyhWQkWfu;k] ç'kkUr egklkxj ds ;q) ds fy, ,d eap cu x;k FkkAdSyhQkWfuZ;k baLVhV~;wV vkWQ VsDuksykWth (Caltech)] iklkMsuk ds nf{k.kh e/; Òkx esa gSA tsM çiYlu yscksjsVjh ¼dkYVsd }kjk uklk ds fy, O;ofLFkr ½ dkyVsd ds 31ukscsy iq#Ldkj fotsrkvksa us 32 ukscsy iq#Ldkj thrs gSaA

90

esjs ikl gSa] ftudk eSaus mi;ksx fd;k Fkk] okLro esa] dksbZ fj'rsnkj ughaa gSaA U;w;kWdZ (New York)]fiV~loxZ (Pittsburgh)54] dksyacl (Columbus)55] dkalkl (Kansas)56 'kgj] ehy (miles)tqM+rs x,A eSaus tYnh ughaa dhA eSaus ;k=k eSa ,d lIrkg yxk;kA gksVy ds [kpZs cpkus ds fy,] jkrdks eSa cM+h dkj esa lksrk Fkk] esjs fopkj ls] tgkWa dgha “h Bhd gksrk] eSa lM+d ls nwj ys tk djxkM+h dks [kM+h dj nsrkA 'khÄz gh] eSa vPNh gok dk vkuan ysrk gqvk] vejhdk ds jkWdh ioZr(Rockies)57 dh fupyh igkfM+;ksa esa Fkk v©j tSls&tSls dkj Åij] v©j Åij] p<r+h] esjk vkuanc<+rk tkrkA iwjs ,d fnu ds fy,] eSa mu ioZr Jsf.k;ksa esa iM+k jgk] v©j rc iklkMsuk ds fy,pykA vf/kdka'k lw{e tkudkfj;kaW] bl ckr dks irk yxkus eas vlQy jgha fd] bathfu;j ds dksbZfj'rsnkj FksA og ,d mnkl] :[kk] fpM+fpMs+ çdkj dk vkneh Fkk] tks ctk; fdlh vU; O;fä dslkFk ds] [kqn gh vdsyk jguk pkgrk FkkA

eSus jk"Vªh; ;kslsfeVh (Yosemite) m|ku58 esa gksdj xkM+h pykbZA Tokykeq[kh dh >hy(Crater Lake) jk"Vªh; m|ku] iksVZysa.M (Portland)] v©j var esa fl;kVsy (Seattle)A eSa xkM+h dksxSfjt esa ys x;k] tgkWa mldk lko/kkuh ls fujh{k.k fd;k x;kA xzhl yxkbZ xbZ v©j /kks;k x;kA rcxSfjt ds ekfyd us] dkj ds ekfyd dks Qksu yxk;kA ^^vk tkvks]** mlus eq>ls dgk] og xkM+h dksogha eaxkuk pkgrk gSA** eSaus fyadu xkM+h dks v©j eSustj us nwljh xkM+h dks pyk;k] ftlls gedks

54 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fiV~loxZ (Pittsburgh) dk uke 1958 esa tujy tksUl Qksjfcl (General Johns Forbis) us fczfV'k jktusrk] fcfy;e fiV~l (William Pitts) ds ukeij j[kk FkkA fiVloxZ dkWeu oSYFk isfUlyokfu;k esa nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgj gS] ftldh vkcknh rhu yk[k ls vf/kd gSA fiV~~loxZ dks ^^LVhy dk 'kgj (The steel city)**vkSj ^^iqyksa dk 'kgj (city of bridges)** nksuksa ukeksa ls tkuk tkrk gS] D;ksafd blesa 300 ls vf/kd LVhy IykaV rFkk mlls lacaf/kr m|ksx gSa vkSj blesa 446 iqy gSaA LVhyds vykok fiV~loxZ ,Y;wehfu;e] dkap] ikuh ds tgkt fuekZ.k] isVªksfy;e] [kk| lkexzh] [ksy dwn dh lkexzh vkSj bysDVªksfuDl ds fy, Òh tkuk tkrk gSA xwxy(Google)] ,iy (Apple)] ckW'k (Bosch)] fMtuh (Disney)] ;woj (Uber)] baVsy (Intel) vkSj vkbZ-ch--,e- (IBM) vkfn 1600 rduhdh QeksZa esa 'kkfey gSa] tks ;gkWa 20-7fefy;u MkWyj dk okf"kZd osru forj.k djrh gSaA bl {ks= esa 68 egkfo|ky; vkSj fo'ofo|ky; gSa] ftuesa fo'ks"k :i ls dkjusxh esyu fo'ofo|ky; (Carnegie Mellon

University) vkSj fiV~loxZ fo'ofo|ky; (University of Pittsburgh) mYys[kuh; gSA fiV~loxZ dk dqy {ks=Qy 58-3 oxZehy gS] ftldk 95-25 çfr'kr fgLlk tehu vkSj 4-75 çfr'kr fgLlk ty dk gSA fiV~loxZ essa dSuhoqM euksjatu ikdZ (Kennywood Amusement Park) fLFkr gSA ;gkWa jkT; ls ekU;rk çkIr vusd tqvkÄj (casino) gSaA

55 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dksyacl uxj dks vkf/kdkfjd :i ls 1816 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA orZeku esa dksyacl la;qä jkT; ds vksfg;ks (Ohio) jkT; dh jkt/kkuh vkSjlcls cM+k 'kgj gSA ;g la;qä jkT; dk 15 oka lcls cM+k 'kgj gS] ftldh vkcknh 8 yk[k 50 gtkj ds yxÒx gSA vksfg;ks LVsV ;wuhoflZVh (Ohio State University)]ohVy eseksfj;y baLVhV~;wV ( Battelle Memorial Institute) ;gkWa fLFkr gSaA 2010 esaa çkjaÒ fd;k x;k] 700 QqV yEck esuLVªhV dk iqy (main street bridge)] mÙkjh vesfjdk esavius çdkj dk loZçFke iqy gSA 'kgj dk çeq[k gokbZ vìk] dksyacl vaarjk"Vªh; gokbZ vìk gS (Columbus International airport), tks 'kgj ds iwohZ Òkx esas fLFkr gSA

56 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dalkl 'kgj dalkl jkT; dk rhljk lcls cM+k 'kgj gS] ftldh vkcknh yxÒx ,d yk[k ipkl gtkj gSA ;g dkm unh (Kaw river) vFkokdalkl unh (Kansas river) ds fdukjs ij fLFkr gS] tgkWa ij ;g felksjh unh (Missouri river) ls laxe cukrh gSA bldk dqy {ks=Qy yxÒx 128 oxZehy gSA

dalkl 'kgj] ^VksukMkZs ,yh (Tornado Alley)'] tks ,d foLrr {ks= gS] ds fdukjs ij fLFkr gS] tgkWa dsusMk dh jkWdh igkfM+;ksaa (Rocky hills) ls B.Mh gok vkrh gS vkSj tks eSfDldks dh [kkM+h ls vkus okyh xeZ gok ls Vdjkrh gS] ftlls fo'ks"kdj clar _rq esa] 'kfä'kkyh rwQku mBrs gSaaaA

dalkl 'kgj esa tujy eksVlZ (General Motors), tks 'ksojysV dh ekyhcw vkSj C;wdkykxzkslks czkaM dh dkjsa cukrh gS] dh Qs;j QSDl ,lsEcyh ykbu (Fairfax

assembly line) gSA ;gkWa dk lcls cM+k jkstxkj çnkrk] dalkl ;wuhoflZZVh dk vLirky gSA 2011 esa xwxy us Qkboj vkWfIVDl ds usVodZ ds fy, dalkl dk p;u fd;kFkk] ftldk iwjk [kpkZ xwxy us mBk;kA ;g usVodZ 2012 esa pkyw gqvkA dalkl 'kgj esas vusd ,frgkfld bekjrs gSa tSls fd] jkseu dSFkksfyd vkdZfM;ksfll vkWQ dalklflVh] (Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kansas city), eseksfj;y gkWy (Memorial hall)] jkstMsy vkpZ (Rosedel Arch), tks vesfjdk dh jk"Vªh; iath (National register), esalwphc) gSaA

57 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % jkWdh ioZr] ftls lkekU;r% jkdht dgk tkrk gS] mÙkjh vesfjdk egk}hi ds if'peh Òkx esa] ,d cM+h ioZr Ja[kyk gSA fczfV'k dksyafc;k ds lclsmÙkjh Òkx ls] if'pe dukMk essa U;w eSfDldks rd] jkWdh ioZr] vefjdk ds nf{k.k if'peh Òkx esa] 3 gtkj ehy rd QSyk gSA ç'kkUr egklkxj ds leqærVh; vkSj >justSlh Ja[kykvksa ls vkSj fl;kjk usoknk Ja[kykvksa ls] tks lÒh blls vkxs if'pe esa xbZ gSa] jkWdh dqN gn rd vyx gSA

jkWdh ioZr] yxÒx 80 feyh;u o"kksZa ls 55 fey;u o"kksZa ds chp] igys cuk Fkk] ftlesa ykjkekbZM vksjkstsuh ds chp] vusd IysVksa us mÙkjh vejhdh IysV dsuhps] fQlyuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA blds ckn] fgEkunksa dk uk'k gksus ds lkFk&lkFk] fiNys fge;qx ds var esa] jkWdht esa pksfV;ksa vkSj ÄkfV;ksa dk ,d fo'ks"k çdkj dkçk—frd LdYipj cuk vkSj ekuo us bl ioZr Ja[kyk esa jguk çkjaÒ fd;k] ;|fi Ja[kyk dÒh Òh cgqr Äuh vkckn ugha gqbZA vktdy] vf/kdka'k ioZr Ja[kyklkoZtfud ikdksZa vkSj taxyh Òwfe ls lajf{kr gS vkSj fo'ks"k:i ls gkbfdax] dSfEiax] ioZrkjksg.k] eNyh ekxZ] f'kdkj] ioZrh lkbZfdy] vkSj Ldhbax ds fy, vkSj cQZ esafuokl djus ds fy,] ,d çeq[k i;ZVd LFkku gSA

58 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ;kslsfeVh jk"Vªh; m|ku (Yosemite National Park) vesfjdk ds jk"Vªh; m|kuksa esa ls ,d gS] tks mlds dsUæh; iwohZ Òkx esa] dSyhQkWfuZ;k jkT; esafLFkr gSA m|ku dk {ks=Qy] 7 yk[k 47 gtkj 956 ,dM+ gS] tks fl;kjk usoknk ioZr Jaa[kyk ds if'peh <yku ij vkjikj igqaprk gSA 3 djksM+ 70 yk[k yksx çfro"kZ;kslsfeVh esa i;ZVu ds fy, vkrs gSaA bls 1984 ls fo'o fojklr ds :i esa Loh—r fd;k x;k gSA lkslsfeVh esa ikjn'khZ xzsukbV dh igkfM+;kaW] >jus] lkQ ikuh dh /kkjk,a]vkSj thou dh fofo/krk,a gSaA dSyhQkWfu;kZ ds 7 gtkj okuLifrd uewuksa esa ls yXkÒx 50 çfr'kr] fl;kjk usoknk esa ik;s tkrs gSa vkSj 20 çfr'kr ls vf/kd] dsoy;kslsfeVh esaA

yxÒx ,d djksM+ o"kZ igys fl;kjk usoknk] çk—frd ?;Vuk ds :i esa] vkdfLed :i ls] tehu ls Åij mBk Fkk vkSj FkksM+k lk >qd (tilt) x;k] ftllsif'peh <+yku vkSj iwohZ p<+kbZ] ukVdh; :i ls mRié gqbZaA iqjkrRoh; [kkstksa ls irk yxk gS fd] ;kslsfeVh ÄkVh yxÒx 3 gtkj o"kZ igys ls vkckn Fkh] ;|fi ekuo dspj.k ;gka 8 gtkj ls 10 gtkj o"kZ igys iM+ pqds FksA

;kslsfeVh dk 'kfCnd vFkZ gS] ^ekjd (killer)]* tks ewyr% jsusXM tutkfr ( Regenade tribe) ds fy, mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS] ftldks bl {ks= ls ckgj [knsM+fn;k x;kA

1903 esa blds mÙkjh; Òkx esa ,d cka/k cuk;k x;k] tks gspgsph ÄkVh esa fLFkr gSA vkSj og ÄkVh dks vkSj lsuÝkaaflLdks 'kgj dks ty fo|qr çnku djrk gSA;kslsfeVh vius >juksa dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k çfl) gS] ftuesa ls ;kslsfeVh ÄkVh dk >juk] ^czkbMy Okhy QkWy (Bridal veil fall)' çeq[k gSA oEik QkWy (Wampa fall), tks gspgsph ÄkVh (Hatch hatchy valley) esa gS] nwljk mYYs[kuh; >juk gSA NksVs&cM+s lSadM+ksa >jus vklikl esa] ikdZ esaa] feyrs gSaA

91

okilh esa] y©Vus esa] ;krk;kr dk lk/ku] fey tk,A cM+s Äj dh [kwc QSyh] foLrkfjr lM+d rd]xkM+h pykbZ] v©j rhu vkneh çdV gq,A eSustj dqWagkls&psgjs tSls fn[kus okys vkneh ds çfr] cgqrlEekuiw.kZ Fkk] ftlus fyadu dks [kjhnk FkkA nks nwljs vkneh] tks mlds lkFk esa Fks] os vkWVkseksckbybathfu;j Fks] ftUgksaus fyadu dh iwjh tkWap djus ds fy, dne c<+k;sA ^^bls cgqr lko/kkuh ds lkFkpyk;k x;k gS]** ofj"B bathfu;j us dgk] ^^rqe iw.kZ fo'okl ds lkFk bl dkj dks ys ldrs gksA**

dqWagkls&psgjs okys vkneh us] çksRlkguiw.kZ <ax ls esjh rjQ flj fgyk;kA ^êsjs v/;;u d{kesa pyksA** mlus dgk] ^êSa rqEgsa l© Mkyj dk cksul nsus okyk gWwa& rqEgkjs vdsys ds fy,& D;ksafdrqeus bruh lko/kkuh ls xkM+h pykbZ gSA**

vkneh] vksg! vkneh!** eSustj us ckn esa dgkA ^^;s mlds fy, cM+h jde gksxh] rqeusfuf'pr:i ls cM+k gkFk ekjk gSA**

^êSa dSusMk (Canada) esa tk dj dqN dke djuk pkgrk gWwa]** eSaus dgkA ^^D;k vki esjhenn dj ldrs gSa\**

^^Bhd gS]** eSustj us tokc fn;k] rqe ckLro esa osadksoj (Vancouver) tkuk pkgrs gks v©jesjs ikl ml fn'kk esa dqN ughaa gS] ijarq esjs ikl ,d vkneh gS] tks ubZ fM lksVks (De Soto) dkjysuk pkgrk gSA og vksjksfoys (Oroville)59 esa] lhek ds Bhd ikl] jgrk gSA og bruh nwj rd [kqndkj ughaa pyk,xkA mldh dkj dks] mlds ;gkaW igWqapkus ij] og cgqr çlé gksxkA mldh lk[kvPNh gSA eSa mlls ckr djrk gwWaA**

^^th (Gee)] gSad (Hank)! eSustj us VsyhQksu ij ml vkneh ls dgk]** **D;k vki dkjcnyus ds fy;s vPNh rjg ls lksp jgs gSa v©j D;k vki] okLro esa] fM lksVks ysuk pkgrs gSa\** mlusFkksM+s le; ds fy, lquk v©j rc lapkj rksM+ fn;k] **Bhd gS] eSa rqEgsa crkÅWaxk \ esjs ikl ,d yM+dkgS] tks dukMk tkus ds fy,] vksjksfoys vk jgk gSA og ,d fyadu dkj dks] U;w ;kWdZ ls ;gkWa yk;kgSaA gSad] rqe D;k dgrs gks \** gSad] vksjksfoys ds Åij yach ckrsa djrk gqvk] xi'ki djrk jgkAmldh vkokt] vkoktksa dh xM+cM+ ds lkFk esa] eq> rd vkbZA eSustj fp<+ +dj vkg “jus yxkA^^Bhd gS rqEgkjs ikl ,d lk/kkj.k ykus okyk gS \ ^^mlus dgkA ^^rqe] ;s vuqeku djrs gq, fd] eSarqedks chl ;k mlls vf/kd o"kksZa ls tkurk gwWa] rqe eq> ls cp dj “kx ughaa ikvksxs] viuk pSd cSadesa yxk ldrs gks** mlus dkQh nsj rd ckrphr dks lqukA ^^Bhd~d~d~ gS]** var esa mlus dgk ^êSa,slk d:WaxkA ;i~] eSa mls fcy esa tksM+ nwaxkA** mlus VsyhQksu dks LVS.M ij j[k fn;k v©j yachlkal NksM+hA /kheh lhVh ds lkFk dgk] ^^cksyks] feLVj]** mlus eq>s dgk] ^^D;k rqe v©jrksa ds ckjs esadqN tkurs gks\ v©jrsa \ eSa v©jrksa ds ckjs esa tkurk gwaW] blds ckjs esa mldh D;k lksp gS \ eSa mudsckjs esa D;ksa tkuwWaxk \ os vius vki esa igsyh gSaA eSustj us esjs [kkyh psgjs dks ns[kk v©j dguk tkjhj[kk] ^^gSad ogkWa ns[kks] og pkyhl lky ls dqaokjk gS] bruk eS tkurk gwWaA vc og rqEgsa dqN tukuh]rM+d&ÒM+d okyh phtsa] vius fy, ykus ds fy, dgrk gSA Bhd gS] Bhd gS] Bhd gS] ml xqtjs xs(gay), vksy Mqvkax (Ol' daug's) dk vuqeku djksA eSa viuh iRuh dks iwNwWaxk fd D;k “stk tkukgSA**

59 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vksjksfoys] Qsnj (feather) unh ds fdukjs ij] QqV fgYl (Foothills) ds vk/kkj ij fLFkr gS] ;gkWa ls ;g] lSØksesUVks ÄkVh esa gks dj fl;kjk usoknkdh rjQ cgrh gSA Lo.kZ dh [knkuksa ds vusd LFkkuksa esa ls ,d] fcMosy (Bidwell) uked LFkku ij] dSyhQkWfuZ;k esa lksuk fey ldk Fkk] ftlls lksuk pkgus okys yksxgtkjksa dh la[;k esa] ml rjQ nkSM+sA dSyhQkWfuZ;k xksYM j'k (California gold rush) ds nkSjku] likV eSnku esa [kqnkbZ djus okys yksxksa ds }kjk] fn'kklwpd ds :i esa bldkmi;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA 'kgj dks igys vksfQj flVh (Ophir city) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA ckn esa bldk uke] tc 1854 esa ;gkWa igyk Mkd[kkuk [kqyk] cny djvkjksfoys dj fn;k x;kA

phuh eafnj] tks 1863 esa cuk;k x;k Fkk] ,sfrgkfld LFkkuksa ds jk"Vªh; jftLVj esa ntZ gSA phuh Jfedksa us] vius rhuksa phuh /keksZaZs] rksvksokn (Taoism)]ckS)er (Buddhism) vkSj dUQwfl;l er (Confucianism) ds iwtk LFky ds :i esa bl eafnj dks LFkkfir fd;k FkkA vksjksfoys dh vkcknh esa yxÒx 75 çfr'kr 'osr] 3çfr'kr vÝhdh vejhdu yxÒx 4 çfr'kr ewy vejhdu] 8 çfr'kr ,f'k;kbZ vkSj -4 çfr'kr ç'kkUr egklkxj ds NksVs NksVs }hiksa ds yksx rFkk lk<+s ckjg çfr'krysfVu vejhdk ewy ds yksx gSaA

92

lIrkg ds ckn esa] eSa v©jrksa ds <sj lkjs diM+s v©j ,d czk.M U;w fM lksVks dkj dks pykdj] fl;kVsy ys x;kA eSustj dh iRuh us] vPNh rjg ls ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd] ;g lc fdl dslacU/k esa Fkk] gSad dks VsyhQksu dj fn;kA fl;kVsy ls osuk['kh (Wenatchee)60] osuk['kh lsvksjksfoysA gSad larq"V Fkk] blfy, eSaus FkksM+k lk le; xokWa;k ijarq dukMk esa Äql x;kA dqN fnuksads fy, eSa vkslks;wl (Osoyoos)61 esa #dk] ijarq ,d NksVs l©ÒkX; ds dkj.k ughaa] eSa dukMk esa] Vªsy(Trail) ls vksVkok (Ottawa)62 gksdj] eksafVª;y (Montreal)63 gksrs gq,] D;wosd (Quebec)64 gks dj]viuk jkLrk cuk ldkA ;gkWa] ml ekeys esa] tkus dh dksbZ rqd ughaa gS] D;ksafd ;s bruk vklekU;Fkk fd] ;s fQj ls ,d nwljh iqLrd dk fo"k; gks ldrk gSA

D;woSd ,d lqanj 'kgj gSa ijarq blesa ,d [kjkch gSa fd] blds dqN “kxksa esa] ;fn dksbZÝkalhlh “k"kk ughaa cksy ldrk gS] rks og vifjfpr gh jgsxkA “k"kk ds laca/k esa esjk [kqn dk Kku]dke pykus ds fy,] dsoy Bhd&Bhd gh FkkA eSaus canjxkg ij] ckj&ckj vkuk&tkuk fd;k] v©jukfodksa dh ,d ;wfu;u ds dkMZ dks ikus O;oLFkk dh] eSaus ,d tgkt ds Åij] MSd&lgk;dds :i esa] u©djh dhA dke] dksbZ vPNs osru okyk ughaa Fkk ijarq ,slk dke Fkk] ftlus eq>s ,d ckjfQj] ,sVykafVd egklkxj ij tkus dk e©dk fn;kA tgkt] iqjkuk ekyokgh tgkt FkkA dSIVu v©jmlds lg;ksxh] leqæ v©j vius tgkt ds çfr] vius mRlkg dks [kks pqds FksA FkksM+k lk lQkbZ dkdke fd;k x;k FkkA eSa vf/kd ifjfpr ughaa Fkk] D;ksafd eSa tqvk ughaa [ksyrk Fkk ;k v©jrksa ds ekeysesa ppkZ ughaa djrk FkkA eSa cgqr Mjk gqvk Fkk D;ksafd] tgkt ds xqaMs (bully) ds] esjs Åij viuhJs"Brk (superiority) fn[kkus ds fy;s fd;s x;s /kedkus okys ç;kl] mldh n;k ekaxus dh ph[k ds:i esa] lkeus vk;s FksA mlds fxjksg esa ls nks us v©j T;knk xMc+M+ fd;k Fkk v©j eq>s [khap djdIrku ds lkeus is'k fd;k x;k rFkk eq>s csM+s ds lnL;ksa dks v;ksX; cukus ds fy;s] çrkM+uk >syuhiM+hA bl ckr dk dksbZ fopkj ughaa Fkk fd] eSa dsoy Lo;a dks cpk jgk Fkk! bu vR;Ur NksVh&NksVhÄVukvksa ds vykok] ;k=k fcuk ÄVukvksa ds gqbZ v©j 'khÄz gh tgkt us viuh /kheh ;k=k] baxfy'k

60 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % osuk['kh] mÙkj e/; okf'kaxVu jkT; esa fLFkr ,d NksVk 'kgj gS] ftldh vkcknh yxÒx 33 gtkj gSA 'kgj dk ukedj.k lehi esa jgus okysosuk[kh] yky Òkjrh; (Red Indian) tutkfr] ds uke ij fd;k x;k Fkk] ftldk vFkZ gS ^^bUæ/kuq"k dh iks'kkd (Robe of rainbow)A** ÄkVh esa fLFkr vius vusd cM+s&cM+sckxokuksa ds dkj.k] osuk['kh dks ^^fo'o dh lso jkt/kkuh (Apple capital of the world)** ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA 2013 esa ;gkWa ds taxyksa esa] osuk['kh ds nf{k.kh Òkx esayxÒx 31 ehy nwjh rd] cgqr cM+h vkx QSyh Fkh] ftlesa yxÒx 40 lehiorhZ ifjokj çÒkfor gq, FksA osuk['kh 'kgj ds ,d rjQ mÙkj dh rjQ osuk[kh unh vkSj iwoZdh rjQ dksyafc;k unh cgrh gS] vkSj blds nf{k.k vkSj if'pe esa] osuk['kh ioZr Jsf.k;kWa gSaA ;s pksfV;kWa vkSj ÄkfV;kWa 'kgj ds if'pe vkSj nf{k.k dh rjQ] ,d nhokj dkfuekZ.k djrh gSA

61 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vkslks;wl dukMk dk ,d 'kgj gS] tks fczfV'k dksyfEc;k dh ÄkVh ds nf{k.k Òkx esa fLFkr gSA ;s okf'kaxVu jkT; dh jkt/kkuh ds lehi gSA uxjdh tula[;k yxÒx 5 gtkj gS] tks xfeZ;ksa essa] i;ZVdksa ds dkj.k c<+ tkrh gSA vkslks;wl xkWao 1946 ds djhc LFkkfir gqvk vkSj 1980 esa uxj cukA

62 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vksVkok unh ds nf{k.k rV ij fLFkr vksVkok] dukMk dh jkt/kkuh gSA ;s dukMk dk pkSFkk lcls cM+k 'kgj gS] ftldh vkcknh yxÒx 9 yk[k gSvkSj tks dukMk esa lcls vf/kd f'kf{kr 'kgj ekuk tkrk gSA tqykbZ eghus esa ;gka vf/kdre rkieku yxÒx 26-5 fMxzh lsUVhxzsM rFkk tuojh esa U;wure rkieku &14-8fMxzh lsUVhxzsM jgrk gSA vksVkok esa] xfeZ;ka xeZ vkSj lhyu Òjh gksrh gSaA ;gka thou LRkj dkQh vf/kd ÅWapk vkSj csdkjh dh nj dkQh de gSA

63 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % eksafVª;y] dukMk ds nf{k.k if'peh Òkx ds D;wosd jkT; dk ,d 'kgj gSA ;s jkT; dk lcls cM+k 'kgj vkSj dukMk dk nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgjrFkk mÙkjh vejhdk egk}hi dk ukSaok lcls c<+k 'kgj gSA ewyRk% bldks ^^Ville Marie** ;k ^^esjh dk 'kgj** dgk tkrk FkkA bls ckn esa jkW;y ioZr (mount royal), ftldhrhu pkssfV;ksa okyh igkM+h] 'kgj ds e/; esa fLFkr gS] ds uke ij] nksckjk uke fn;k x;kA 'kgj] eksafVª;y ds }hi ij vkSj dqN NksVs&NksVs lehiorhZ vU; }hiksa ij fLFkr gSA

2011 esas bldh vkcknh yxÒx 16 yk[k FkhA 'kgj dh vkSipkfjd] vf/kdkfjd Òk"kk] Ýkalhlh gSA 'kgj dks ^^;wusLdks flVh vkWQ fMtkbu (UNESCO city of

desing)" dk uke fn;k x;k] tks fo'o dh rhu fMtkbu jkt/kkfu;ksa easa ls ,d gS ]ckdh nks gSa] cfyZu vkSj C;wul vk;jlA ,sfrgkfld :i ls ;s dukMk dh O;kikfjdjkt/kkuh Fkh] ysfdu 1970 esa viuh tula[;k vkSj vkfFkZd 'kfä ds vk/kkj ij] VksjksaVks blls vkxs fudy x;kA

eksafVª;y dh tux.kuk esa yxÒx 65-8 çfr'kr bZlkbZ (christians)] 18-4 çfr'kr ukfLrd] 9-6 çfr'kr eqlyeku] 2-2 çfr'kr ;gwnh] 2 çfr'kr ckS)erkcyEohs] 1-4 çfr'kr fgUnw vkSj 0-03 çfr'kr flD[k gSaA

eksafVª;y flusek vkSj Vsyhfotu fuekZ.k dk dsUæ gSA vktdy ;s O;kikj] foÙk] m|ksx] rduhd] laL—fr] rFkk oSf'od ekeyksa dk dsUæ vkSj eksafVª;yLVksd ,Dlpsat dk eq[;ky; gSA 1976 esa blus vksyafid [ksyksa dh estokuh dh FkhA

64 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % D;wosd 'kgj] dsusMk ds D;wosd jkT; dh jkt/kkuh gSSA 1911 eas 'kgj dh vkcknh yxÒx 5 yk[k 70 gtkj Fkh] tks eksafVª;y ds ckn] bls D;wosdjkT; dk nwljk cM+k 'kgj gksus dk ntkZ çnku djrh FkhA

D;wosd dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS ^^tgkWa unh ladjh gksrh gS (where the river narrows)A** bls 1608 eas clk;k x;kA D;wosd dks Äsjrs gq, ,d çkphj ds vo'ks"kvÒh Òh gSa] ftlesa ,d NksVk fdyk Òh gS] ftls ;wusLdks us 1985 easa ^fo'o fojklr LFky* ds :i esa Äksf"kr fd;kA ;s mÙkjh vejhdk egk}hi esa] ;wjksih; egk}hi ds yksxksadh lcls iqjkuh clkgVksa esa ls ,d gSA 'kgj esasa 1925 esa ,d ÒwdEi vk;k FkkA viuh ekrÒk"kk ds :i esa] 'kgj ds yxÒx 95 çfr'kr yksx Ýsap cksyrs gSaA bldsvfrfjä ,d frgkbZ ls vf/kd vkcknh Ýsap vkSj vaxzsth nksuksa cksyrha gSaA 90 çfr'kr ls vf/kd vkcknh jkseu dSFkksfyd gS] FkksM+h lh vkcknh çksVsLVsUV] eqfLye] ;gwnh yksxksadh Òh gSA

93

pSuy (English Channel)65 dh vksj 'kq: dhA tc ge uhMYl (Needles)66 ls xqtjs v©j v©j lksysUV (Solent)67, ikuh dh iêh] tks ohV

ds vkblsy (Isle of Wight)68 v©j eq[;ns'k ls lhfer Fkh] esa çfo"V gq,] viuh M~;wVh [kre gksus dsckn] eSa Msd ij FkkA /khjs&/khjs ge] mlds lqUnj çkax.k ds lkFk&lkFk] usVys (Netley) vLirky dsvkxs rd jSax x;sA cwyLVksu (Woolston)69 ij] O;Lr u©dkvksa (ferries) dks xqtkjrs gq,] v©jlkmFk ,EiVe (South ampton)70 ds canjxkg ds vanjA Nikd dh vkokt ds lkFk yaxj Mkys x,]v©j yaxjksa ds Nsnksa esa gks dj] tgkt esa tathjs cka/k nha xbZaA tgkt ygjksa ds Åij >wyk] batu d{kdk VsyhxzkQ ctk] v©j batu ds gYds ls daiu can gks x,A vf/kdkjh tgkt ij vk;s] tgkt dsdkxtksa dh tkap dh v©j csM+s ds DokVjksa (crew's quarters) ds vanj >kadkA canjxkg ds fpfdRlkvf/kdkjh us gedks tkus dh btktr ns nh] v©j /khes ls tgkt yaxj ij [kM+k gks x;kA tc rdfd] tgkt iwjh rjg [kkyh ughaa gks x;k] csM+s ds lnL; ds :i esa] eSa tgkt ij [kM+k jgk v©j rceq>s “qxrku çkIr gqvk] eSaus vius vfr vYi lkeku dks fy;k v©j fdukjs ij pyk x;kA

^^dksbZ pht] ftldh Äks"k.kk djuh gks \** lhek 'kqYd (custom) vf/kdkjh us iwNkA^^dqN ughaa] tSlk dgk x;k Fkk] vius cDlksa dks [kksyrs gq, eSaus tokc fn;kA mlus esjs de

lkeku dks ns[kk] cDls dks can fd;k v©j pkWd ls mlds Åij vius gLrk{kj dj fn,A ^^vki fdrusfnu ;gkWa #dsaxs\** mlus iwNkA

^^eSa ;gkWa jgus ds fy, vk;k gWwa Jheku~A**mlus esjs ikliksVZ dks ns[kkA vuqeksnu ds lkFk] dk;Z chlk ds vuqKki= dks ns[kkA ^^Bhd gS]

mlus eq>s njokts dh rjQ b'kkjk fd;kA eSa pyk] v©j ftl tgkt dks eSaus NksM+k Fkk] mls nqckjkns[kus ds fy,] ,d >yd ikus ds fy,] eqM+kA eSa tYnh ls eqM+kA nwljk dLVe vf/kdkjh] xyh ls]rsth ls] tYnh esa pyk vk jgk Fkk] og vius drZO; ij igqapus esa foyafcr gks x;k FkkA og esjs lkFkVdjk;k v©j vc og v/kZ ewfNZr lk lM+d ij cSB x;kA ,d {k.k ds fy,] og ogkWa cSBk jgk] rc eSamldh enn djus ds fy, x;kA mlus çp.M Øks/k ds vkos'k esa eq>s Vksdk] blfy, eSaus vius cDls

65 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % bafXy'k pSuy ikuh dh ,d /kkj gS] tks nf{k.kh baXyS.M dks mÙkjh Ýkal ls vyx djrh gS vkSj mÙkjh egklkxj ds nf{k.kh Òkx dks ,VykafVdegklkxj ls tksM+rh gSA ;g Mkscj dh iÍh esa] yxÒx 350 ehy yack vkSj fofÒé LFkkuksa ij 20-6 ehy ls 150 ehy rd cnyrh gqbZ pkSM+kbZ okyk ekxZ gSA ;g mFkysleqæksa esa lcls NksVk gS vkSj ;wjksi ds egk}hih; [kkuksa esa yxÒx 29000 oxZehy ds {ks= dks Äsjus okyk ,d {ks= gSA

66 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % uhMYl] eksgko ÄkVh esa ,jhtksuk vkSj usoknk dh lhek ds lehi vksj ykl cSZxkl iÍh ls yxÒx 110 ehy nwj] dSyhWQkWfuZ;k jkT; ds lsUVojukjfMuks dkmaVh dk ,d 'kgj gS] tks dksyksjkMks unh ds if'peh fdukjs ij fLFkr gSA bldh vkcknh yxÒx 5 gtkj gSA

eqgko ioZr Jsf.k;ksa esa] 'kgj ds nf{k.k dh vksj] ,jhtksuk dh rjQ] dksyksjkMks unh ds uqdhys lhekUr rd QSyh gqbZ] igkM+h pksVh ds dkj.k] bldk ukeuhMYl j[kk x;k FkkA mÙkjh if'peh ÄkVh] eR;q dh ÄkVh (death valley) ds leku] uhMYl dks Òh vR;f/kd xeZ LFkkuksa ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA xfeZ;ksa esa rkiØelkekU;r% ¼ tqykbZ ds var vkSj vxLr ds çkjaÒ esa ½ 49 fMxzh lsUVhxzsM rd igqap tkrk gS] tcfd lfnZ;ksa esa mPpre rkiØe 17 ls 27 vkSj fuEure 4 ls 16 fMxzhlsUVhzxszM jgrk gSA okf"kZd o"kkZ yxÒx 130 feyhehVj gksrh gSA

67 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % lksysUV] leqæ esa ikuh dh iÍh gS] tks OgkbV ds }hi dks baXyS.M dh eq[; Òwfe ls vyx djrh gSA ;s yxÒx 20 ehy yach gS] tcfd bldhpkSM+kbZ] LFkku&LFkku ij 1 ehy ls 4 ehy rd cnyrh gSA lksysUV] ;k=h] ekyokgh vkSj ukS lsuk ds tgktksa ds fy,] ,d çeq[k tgkth ekxZ gSA ;s ikuh ds [ksyksa (water

sports)] fo'ks"kdj ,fpax ds fy,] euksjatu dk egRoiw.kZ {ks= gSA 68 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vkblsy] vkblsy vkWQ OgkbV dk dkmaVh gS vkSj baXyS.M dk nwljk lcls cM+k] lokZf/kd vkcknhokyk }hi gSA ;s bafXy'k pSuy eas] yxÒx gSai

'kk;j rV ls yxÒx 4 ehy nwj gS vkSj lksysUV ls eq[; Òwfe baXyS.M ls dVk gqvk gSA OgkbV dk }hi eksVs rkSj ls ghjs ds vkdkj dk gS] tks 150 oxZ ehy dk {ks= ÄsjrkgSA vkblsy esas vusd foJkeky; (resorts) gSa] tks foDVksfj;k dky ls gh] NqfÍ;kWa eukus ds fy, tkus tkrs gSaA f}rh; fo'o;q) ds chp] }hi ij ckj&ckj ceckjh gqbZA ;sbaXyS.M ds dqN LFkkukas esa ls ,d gS] tgkWa Òwjh fxygfj;ksa] tks baXyS.M esa ikbZ tkrh gSa] ds ctk; yky fxygfj;kWa ikbZ tkrh gSA MkbZuklksj dh gfì;kWa vkSj muds in~ fpUg~]}hi ds vklikl] pÍkuksa esa vkSj [kqys esa] vkSj leqæ rVksa ij] fo'ks"kdj] ;kojyS.M vkSj dkWEiVu ds jkLrs ij] ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i] bls ^Mkbuklksj dk }hi*dgk tkrk gSA mÙkjh; leqærV ds lkFk&lkFk] bl }hi ij Qksfly cus gq, 'sky fQ'k] exj] dNq, vksj nwljs Lru/kkjh çkf.k;ksa dh vfLFk;ksa ds QkfslYl ik, tkrs gSa]ftuesa ls uohure (recent), yxÒx rhu djksM+ lky igys dk gSA

69 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % cwyLVu nf{k.kh ,EiVu] gsEi'kk;j dk miuxjh; bykdk gS] tks bpsu (Itchen) unh ds iwohZ fdukjs ij fLFkr gSA ;gkWa fuokfl;ksa ds fy,] ,dLFkkuh; lewg ds }kjk] feysfu;e xkMZu cuk;k x;k Fkk] tks 2002 esa iwjk gqvkA bldk dsUæ fcUnq] 10 ehVj yach] /kkrq vkSj iquZpfØr (recycled) dkWap dh cuh gqbZ] ia[k dsvkdkj dh ,d lajpuk gS] tks ^cwyLVu ds mM+ku vkSj ;ku [ksus ds bfrgkl* dks egRo nsus ds m–s'; ls cukbZ xbZ FkhA m+|ku dks rhu {ks=ksa esa] tks Øe'k% iFoh] vkdk'kvkSj lkxj dks fu:fir djrs gSa] cuk;k x;k FkkA VkbVsfud tgkt ds csM+s ds vf/kdka'k yksx] cwyLVu ds jgus okys Fks] blfy, m|ku dh ixMf.M;ksa esa yxk, x, jkLrsij] muds uke dh bZVsa tM+ha xbZ gSaA

70 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % lkmFk ,EiVu] gsEi'kk;j dh lsjheksfu;y dkmaVh dk lcls cM+k 'kgj gS] tks baXyS.M ds nf{k.kh leqærV ij fLFkr ,d cM+k canjxkg gSA ;s yanuls 75 ehy nwj nf{k.k if'pe fn'kk esa gSA uxj dh vuqekfur vkcknh] nks yk[k 54 gtkj ds djhc gSA lkmFk ,EiVu ds jgus okys lksVksfu;u dgykrs gSa] D;ksafd blslksVksu ds uke ls Òh tkuk tkrk gSA lkmFk ,EiVu dks vkj ,e ,l VkbVsfud tgkt ds lkFk lac) gksus ds dkj.k tkuk tkrk gSA

94

dks ys fy;k v©j pyus yxkA ^^#dks] og fpYyk;kA^^;s lc Bhd gS] Jheku~** ml vQlj us] tks eq>s ckgj tkus dh btktr ns pqdk Fkk] dgk]

^^mlds dkxtksa esa dqN ughaa gS] mlds ikl dqN ughaa gS v©j mlds dkxt Bhd gSaA**^^mldh tkWap eSa [kqn d:Waxk]** ofj"B vf/kdkjh fpYyk;kA nks nwljs vf/kdkjh] esjs lkFk [kM+s

Fks] muds psgjs “h dkQh gn rd nq%[kh fn[kkbZ fn,A fojks/k djus dk ,d ç;kl] ijarq mUgsa ^êqWag canj[kus** ds fy, dgk x;kA

eq>s ,d dejs esa ys tk;k x;k] v©j tYnh gh og Øksf/kr vf/kdkjh çdV gqvkA mlus esjslkeku dks Q'kZ ij QSykrs gq,] esjs cDls dks ns[kkA mlus esjs iqjkus lq/kkjs x, cDls dh ryh v©jvLrj dks tkWapkA dqN ughaa feykA bl ij fp<+rs gq,] mlus esjk ikliksVZ ekaxkA ^^vkg! og fofLergksrs gq, tksj ls fpYyk;k] ^^rqEgkjs ikl ,d chlk v©j ,d dk;Z vuqKki= gSaA U;w;kWdZ ds vf/kdkjhdks] ;s nksuksa tkjh djus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ughaa gSA baXySaM esa] ;s gekjs foosd ds Åij gSA** mlsfot;h gksus dh /kqu Fkh] v©j /kedh nsus dh eq[kkÑfr ds lkFk] mlus esjs ikliksVZ dks QkM+ fn;k v©jdwM+snku esa Qsad fn;kA ,d vkosx ds lkFk] mlus rkj&rkj QVs gq, vo'ks"kksa dks mBk;k v©j viuhtsc eas Bwal fy;kA mlds ÄaVh ctkus ij] ckgj ds dk;kZy; ls nks yksx vanj vk;sA ^^bl vkneh dsikl dksbZ dkxt ughaa gSa]** mlus dgk] ^^bls okil] ns'k ls fu"dkflr] djuk iM+sxk] mls can djusokys d{k esa ys tkvksA**

^îjarq Jheku~** vf/kdkfj;ksa es ls ,d us dgk] ^êSaus] okLro esa] bUgsa ns[kk Fkk] ;s lgh FksA**^^D;k rqe esjh dkfcfy;r ij loky mBk jgs gks**\ ofj"B vkneh xqjkZ;kA ^êSa tSlk dgrk gwWa

oSlk djksA**,d vkneh us] nq%[k ds lkFk esjh ckWag idM+hA ^^vkvks]** mlus dgkA eq>s ckgj ys tk;k x;k

v©j ,d [kkyh dksBjh esa can dj fn;k x;kA^^tkso dh l©xa/k (By Jove)] cw<+s ekuq"k!** fons'k dk;kZy; ls ,d tks'khys ;k toku vkneh

us] tc og cgqr&cgqr ckn esa esjs çdks"B esa çfo"V gqvk] dgkA ^^;s lc “;kud Äcjk;k gqvk gS]D;k \ mlus vius cPps dks] mldh NksVh fpduh Bks<+h ij] gYdh lh vkokt djrs gq, ekjkA ^^rqegekjh fLFkfr dks ns[k jgs gks] cw<+s vkneh] ;s Bhd vR;f/kd lkekU; fujk'kk gSA rqEgkjs ikl dkxtkrjgs gksaxs vU;Fkk D;wcSd esa oYykg (Wallah) us rqedks tgkt ij p<+us ughaa fn;k gksrkA vc rqEgkjsikl dksbZ dkxt ughaa gSaA 'kk;n tgkt ij gh [kks x, gksaxsA ;gh fl) djuk Fkk] cw<+s vkneh]D;k \ eSa dguk pkgrk gwaW fd&&&&**

eSaus vkWa[ksa rjsj dj mldh rjQ ns[kk v©j fVIi.kh dh] ^êsjs dkxtkr tkucw> dj QkM+sx,A eSa ekax djrk gwWa fd eq>s NksM+k tk, v©j 'kgj esa vanj vkus dh btktr nh tk,A**

^^gkaW] gkWa]** tks'khys u©toku us mÙkj fn;k] ^îjarq D;k rqe bls fl) dj ldrs gksA esjs dkuesa ,d gYdh lh gok vkbZ] ftlus eq>s] tks gqvk Fkk] Bhd&Bhd crk;kA gesa vius vlwfpr LVkQ dslkFk [kM+k gksuk pkfg,] vU;Fkk çSl gekjs f[kykQ [kM+k gks tk;sxkA cQknkjh v©j lg;ksx dh“kouk] v©j blh çdkj dh lc phtsaA**

^^blfy,]** eSaus dgk] ^^rqedks lPpkbZ ekywe gS fd esjs dkxtkr u"V dj fn, x, Fks] fQj“h rqe ^^Lora= ns'k dh]** 'ks[kh cÄkj jgs gks] ,d cxy ls] ujeh ls [kM+s gks ldrs gks v©j blvR;kpkj dks ns[k ldrs gks \**

^êsjs fç; lkFkh] rqEgkjs ikl] ,d lwphc) jkT; (Annexed state) ds fuoklh gksus dkikliksVZ ek= Fkk] rqe tUe ls jk"Vªe.My (commonwealth)71 ds lnL; ughaa gksA eq>s Mj gSa fd71 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % jk"Vªe.My (Commonwealth), jktuSfrd lekt ds fy;s ,d ikjEifjd vaxzsth 'kCn gS] tks lÒh ds Òys ds fy;s LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk] ftldk

vFkZ lekt dh ÒykbZ] lÒh ds fgr ;k ykÒ gksrs gSaA vkWLVªsfy;k] okgekl vkSj Mksfefudk dks vkf/kdkfjd :i ls dkWeuosYFk dk f[krkc feyk gqvk gSA ckn esa] ÒwriwoZ

95

rqe gekjh d{kk (orbit) ds ckgj gksA vc] cPpw] tc rd rqe blls lger ughaa gks tkrs fd] rqEgkjsikl dkxtkr Fks& vkg!& tks tgkt ij [kks x,] gesa rqEgkjs f[kykQ voS/kkfud ços'k dk ,deqdnek djuk iM+sxk] tks rqEgsa nks lky rd ds fy,] dwyj esa Qsad nsxkA ;fn rqe gekjs lkFk feydj pyksxs] rks rqEgsa] ek= U;w;kWdZ gh okil y©Vk;k tk;sxkA**

U;w;kWdZ \ U;w;kWdZ D;ksa \ eSaus iwNkA;fn rqe D;wcSd dks y©V tkrs gks] rks rqe gesa dqN rdyhQ ns ldrs gksA ge fl) dj

ldrs gSa fd] rqe U;w;kWdZ ls vk;s FksA blfy, vc ;s rqEgkjs Åij gS] U;w;kWdZ tkvks vFkok nks lkyds fy, jktk ds vfuPNqd esgeku cuksA mlus] ckn ds fopkj ds :i esa dgk] ^^okLro esa] rqedksblds ckn “h] viuh ltk dkVus ds ckn “h] ns'k ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k tk;sxk v©j vf/kdkjh]çlérk iwoZd] ml /ku dks Nhu ysaxs] tks rqEgkjs ikl gSA gekjk lq>ko rqEgsa bldks vius ikl j[kusesa l{ke cuk;sxkA

og tks'khyk u©toku [kM+k gqvk v©j mlus /kwy ds dkYifud /kCcksa dks] viuh csnkx tSfdVls >M+k;kA ^^nqckjk lksp yks cw<+s yM+ds] ge rqEgsa ,d iw.kZr% cqf)ekuh dk] ckgj tkus dk] ,d jkLrkcrkrs gSaA** blds lkFk gh og y©Vk v©j eq>s çdks"B esa vdsyk NksM+ x;kA

mckÅ vWaxzsth [kkuk yk;k x;k v©j eq>s bls “©Fkjs pkdw ls dkVuk iM+k] tks eSus vÒh rd'kk;n gh dÒh mi;ksx fd, gksaA esjs vf/kde vuqeku ds vuqlkj] mUgksaus ,slk lkspk gksxk fd] eSavkRegR;k dj ldrk gwWaA Bhd gS] dksbZ “h oSls “©Fkjs pkdw ls vkRegR;k ughaa dj ldrkA

fnu p<+rk x;kA ,d fe=or~ larjh us] dqN vaxzsth v[kckj] mNky dj esjh rjQQsadsA ,d utj ekjus ds ckn] eSaus mls cxy ls j[k fn;k] tgkWa rd esa ns[k ldk] os dsoy ;©uv©j "kM+;a=ksa ls “js iM+s FksA vkus okys va/kdkj ds lkFk] esjs fy;s dksdks dk ,d eksVk di] ,d czsMdk VqdM+k v©j udyh eD[ku] yk;k x;kA jkr ,dne BaMh Fkh] ,d va/ksjk] ftlus eq>s lM+rh gqbZyk'kksa dh dczksa dh ;kn fnyk nhA

lqcg ds larjh us] ,d eqLdku ds lkFk esjk vfÒoknu fd;k] ftlus mlds iFkjk;s gq, psgjsls Mjk fn;kA ^^rqe dy pys tkvksxs** mlus dgkA ^^,d tgkt dk dIrku] ;fn rqe vius jkLrs esamlds fy, dke djks] rqEgsa lkFk ys tkus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;k gS v©j tc rqe U;w;kWdZ igqWaptkvksxs rks rqEgsa iqfyl dks ns fn;k tk,xkA

lqcg] ckn esa] ,d vf/kdkjh vf/kdkfjd :i ls ;s dgus ds fy, v©j ;s crkus ds fy, fd]fcuk fdlh ifjJe cpkus okyh ;qfä ds] ,d iqjkus tgkt ds cadj ds Åij] dks;ys dks rksM+rs gq,]tgkt ij eq>s dBksjre esgur djuh gksxhA dksbZ osru ughaa feysxk v©j ;s dgrs gq, fd] eSa bu'krksZ dks Lohdkj djrk gwWa] eq>s vuqPNsn (Article) ij gLrk{kj djus iM+saxsA 'kke dks eq>s igjs esa]tgkt ds ,stsUV ds ikl ys tk;k x;k] tgkWa dIrku dh mifLFkfr esa] eSaus ml vuqPNsn ij gLrk{kjfd,A

p©chl Ä.Vs ckn] vÒh “h igjs esa] eq>s tgkt ij ys tk;k x;k v©j ,d NksVs dsfcu esa candj fn;k x;k] ;s crk;k x;k fd] eSa ;gkWa rc rd jgwWaxk tc rd fd tgkt] bl ns'k dh leqæhlhekvksa ds ckgj ughaa igqWap tkrkA 'khÄz gh iqjkus batu dh /kekdsnkj vkokt us gYds&gYds thouds fy,] tgkt dks txk;kA “kjh dneksa dh vkokt gqbZA vius dneksa ds Åij v©j Msd ds Åij]esjk Åij&uhps fxjukA fxjus ls eq>s ekywe gqvk fd ge] xgjs leqæ dh vksj c<+ jgs gSaA tc rdfd] nwjh ij fn[krk gqvk iksVZySa.M fczt] tgkt dh utjksa ls dkQh nwj ughaa gks x;k] eq>s NksM+k ughaax;kA ^^vkvks ;kj]** ,d lq/kkjk gqvk QkcM+k v©j csypk nsrs gq,] dks;yk >ksadus okys us dgkA bUgsa

fczfV'k jkT; ds] lÒh lnL;ksa dks] jk"Vªdqy e.My dk lnL; cuk fn;k x;kA vejhdk ds dsUVqdh] eslkpqlsV~l] isulsyokfu;k] vkSj cthZfu;k vkfn jkT;ksa dks Òh dkWeuosYFk dk lnL; ekuk tkrk gSA Òkjr] Jhyadk vkSj ikfdLrku Òh dkWeu oSYFk ds lnL; gSaA

96

lkQ dj yks] ;s /kkrq ds ey (clinker) ls [kjkc gSaA mUgsa MSd ij ys tkvks v©j uhps fxjk nksA vctkunkj fn[kksA**

vksg ;gkWa ns[kks] ,d cM+k lk vkneh] tgkt ds fiNys “kx esa ukfodksa ds Äj (fo'c'sle) esals] ckn esa tc eSa ogkWa x;k] fpYyk;kA ^^gekjs ikl fpidw (Gook)72 gS] vFkok f'kad (Chink)73

vFkok ,d tki (Jap)74 gS v©j rqEgkjs ikl] **mlus eq>s psgjs ij pkaVk ekjrs gq, dgk] ^îyZ gkcZjdks ;kn j[kuk \**

^^mls cuk jgus nks] cqp (Butch)]** nwljs vkneh us dgk] ^^flikgh mlds ihNs gSaA** ^^dSls&dSls!** cqp fpYyk;k] ^^ge bls] igys] iyZ gkcZj ds fy, dke djus nsaA** eqfÎ;kaW]

fiLrkSy dh rjg pykrs gq,] v©j dBksj ls dBksjrj xqLls esa vkrs gq,] og esjh rjQ vk;kA pwafdesjs xys dks idM+us ds ç;kl esa igqaWprs v©j nckrs gq,] mlds eqôksa esa ls dksbZ “h] eq> rd ughaaigqWapk] og xqjxqjk;k]^^ fQlyrk gqvk #bZ dk Qk;k] ,gA^^ cw<+s Rlw v©j nwljksa us] lqnwjiwoZ frCcr esa]eq>s ,slh phtksa ds fy, iwjh rjg rS;kj dj fn;k FkkA eSa fxjk] “qtk v©j cqp ds laosx us] mls ¼ cqpdks½ vkxs Qsad fn;kA og esjs Åij fxj iM+k v©j mldk psgjk] vius tcM+ksa v©j ex ls] ftldksmlus vius fxjrs le; rksM+ fn;k Fkk] yxÒx ,d dku dks dVrs gq,] tgkt ds fiNys “kx dsikl] Qks L^ys (fo'c'sle)75 dh est ds fdukjs ls Vdjk dj [kRe gks x;kA mlds ckn] eq>s csM+s lsdksbZ ijs'kkuh ughaa gqbZA

/khes&/khes U;w;kWdZ dk f{kfrt gekjs vkxs vk;kA ml ÄfV;k dks;ys ls] tks ge mi;ksx esa ykjgs Fks] /kqa, dk ,d dkyk xqckj vkleku esa NksM+rs gq,] ge ¼tgkt dks½ tksrrs x,A ,d dks;yk>ksadus okyk (Lascar)] tks “;Òhr gksdj mlds da/kksa dh vksj ns[k jgk Fkk] esjs ikl fdukjs ijvk;kA ^^tYnh gh rqEgkjs fy, flikgh vkus okys gSa]** mlus dgkA ^^rqe “ys vkneh gks] ¼eSaus½ phQdks dgrs gq, lquk] tks dSIVu us mls crk;k FkkA mUgsa viuh ukdsa ÅWaph j[kuh iM+asxhaA** mlus eq>srSyh;&[kky (oilskin) dk] rackdw dk ,d F©yk fn;kA ^^blls igys fd os rqEgsa fdukjs ij idM+sa]vius iSls dks blesa j[kks v©j bls viuh cxy esa f[kldk nksA**;s crkrs gq, fd] iqfyl dh uko fdlrjQ tk,xh] eq>s ;s crkrs gq, fd] eq>s dgkWa fNiuk pkfg,] tSlk og iwoZ esa dj pqdk Fkk] mlusxqIr :i ls QqlQqlkgV dhA eSaus cgqr /;ku ls mls lqukA mlus eq>s crk;k fd] tgkt ij lsdwnus ds ckn] iqfyl dh ryk'k ls cp dj dSls “kxk tk,A mlus eq>s mu yksxksa ds uke v©j irs“h fn,] tks esjh lgk;rk djsaxs v©j tc og leqæ rV ij igqWap tk;sxk] eq>s muds laidZ esa vkusdk ok;nk fd;kA ^êSa “h blh çdkj dh eqlhcrksa esa jgk gwWa]** mlus dgkA esjs Åij] esjh [kky ds jaxds dkj.k] vfÒ;ksx yxk;s x;s FksA**

^^gs] rqe!** iqy ij ls vkokt vkbZA ^^dSIVu rqEgsa cqyk jgs gSaA nwuh pky ls n©M+ +dj vkvks!**eSa rsth ls iqy rd x;k] esB us pkVZ :e dh fn'kk esa vaxwBs ls crk;k]A dIrku] est ij cSB dj]dqN dkxtksa ds Åij fuxkg ekj jgk FkkA ^^vkg** mlus dgk] tSls gh mlus esjh vksj ns[kkA ^êSarqEgsa iqfyl dks l©ai jgk gWwaA D;k rqe eq>s] blds igys dqN crkuk pkgrs gks \**

^^Jh eku~]** eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^êsjs lÒh dkxtkr Bhd Fks ijarq ,d ofj"B dLVe vf/kdkjh usmUgsa QkM+ fn;kA**72 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % xwd dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ fpifpik v©j xk<+k inkFkZ gksrk gS] ijUrq ;gkWa ;g voekuuk ¼ xkyh½ ds :i esa dke esa yk;k x;k gS] tks ,f'k;k ewy ds

yksxksa ds fy;s mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA73 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % f'kad dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ njkj ;k [kud gksrk gS] ijUrq ;gkWa ;g voekuuk ¼xkyh½ ds :i esa dke esa yk;k x;k gS] tks phuh ewy ds yksxksa ds fy;s

mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA74 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % tki dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ jksxu gksrk gS] ijUrq ;gkWa ;g voekuuk ¼xkyh½ ds :i esa dke esa yk;k x;k gS] tks tkikuh ewy ds yksxksa ds fy;s mi;ksx

fd;k tkrk gSA75 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % tgkt vFkok LVhej dh iwWaN ds lehi fLFkr ,d <kWapk gksrk gS] ftldk mi;ksx e'khu bR;kfn j[kus vFkok deZpkfj;ksa ds fuokl ds fy;s fd;k

tkrk gSA

97

mlus esjh rjQ ns[kk v©j flj fgyk;k] vius dkxtksa dh vksj fQj ns[kk v©j Li"V:i lsviuk eu cuk fy;kA ^^rqEgkjk ftl vkneh ls rkRi;Z gS] mls eSa tkurk gwWaA [kqn eq>s “h mlusijs'kku fd;k FkkA u©dj'kkgh dk psgjk cpuk pkfg,] nwljs yksxksa dks D;k ijs'kkfu;kWa vkrh gSa] bllsmUgsa dksbZ eryc ughaaA eSa tkurk gwWa fd rqEgkjh dgkuh lgh gS] D;ksafd dLVe esa esjk ,d fe= gS]ftlus rqEgkjh dgkuh dh iqf"V dh gSA** mlus fQj uhps ns[kk v©j dkxtksa ij ljljkgV dhA^^ eq>s,d f'kdk;r gS fd rqe pksjh fNis ;k=k dj jgs FksA

^îjarq Jheku~** eSaus foLe; ls dgk] ^Û;w;kWdZ esa fczVsu dk nwrkokl bldh iqf"V dj ldrk gSfd] eSa d©u gwWaaA blh çdkj ls D;wcSd ds tgkth ,stsUV “h bldh iqf"V dj ldrs gSaA**

^êsjs vkneh]** dIrku us nq[k ds lkFk dgk] ^^rqe if'pe ds rjhdksa dks ughaa tkurs gksA dksbZiwNrkN ughaa dh tk,xhA rqedks leqæ rV ij ys tk;k tk,xk] ,d dksBjh esa j[kk tk;sxk] eqdnekpysxk] v©j ltk gksxh] v©j tsy “sts tkvksxs v©j rc rqe “qyk fn, tkvksxsA tc rqEgkjk NwVus dkle; djhc vk;sxk] rqedks jksd fy;k tk;sxk tc rd fd] rqEgsa phu ds fy, okil u “st fn;ktk,A ^^;s e`R;q gksxh] Jheku~]** eSaus dgkA

mlus flj fgyk;kA ^^gkWa] ijarq vf/kdkfjd drZO;ksa dk jkLrk pyk tk,sxkA gesa bl tgktdk ,d vuqÒo gS] bl lansg esa dkQh igys] eukgh ds fnuksa esa] gedks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k Fkk v©jtcjnLr tqekZuk yxk Fkk] ;|fi ge iwjh rjg ls vutku FkssA**

mlus vius lkeus njkt dks [kksyk v©j ,d NksVh pht fudkyhA ^êSa iqfyl dks crkÅWaxkfd] rqEgsa >wBs çdj.k esa Qlk;k x;k gS] eSa rqEgkjh gj laÒo lgk;rk d:aWxkA os rqEgsa gFkdM+h yxkldrs gSa] ijarq os rqEgkjh ryk'kh rc rd ughaa ysaxs tc rd fd] rqe leqæ rV ij ughaa igqWap tkvksA;s pkch gS] tks iqfyl dh lÒh gFkdfM+;ksa esa yx tkrh gSA eSa rqEgsa bls ughaa nwaxk ijarq] ;gkWa j[knwWaxk] v©j pyk tkÅaWxkA** mlus pedrh gqbZ pkfc;kWa esjs lkeus j[kha] viuh est ls mBk] v©j esjsihNs] pkVZ dh rjQ eqM+ x;kA eSaus pkch dks mBk;k v©j viuh tsc esa j[k fy;kA

/kU;okn Jheku~]** eSaus dgk] ^êSa vius çfr] vkids fo'okl ds fy;s] vPNk eglwl djrk gwaWA**nwjh ij eSaus ,d iqfyl dh uko dks viuh rjQ vkrs ns[kkA tgkt ds vxz Òkx ij Qqgkjksa

dk lQsn >juk QSykA tYnh ls ;s ¼uko½ cxy esa vkbZ] vk/kk eksM+ fy;k] v©j gekjh rjQ Äwe xbZAlh<+h uhps mrkjh xbZ v©j csM+s ds lnL;ksa dh vksj ls dM+oh fuxkgksa ds chp] nks iqfyl okys tgktij Åij vk;s v©j iqy rd dk jkLrk r; fd;kA dIrku us] is; v©j flxkj mudks nsrs gq,] mudkLokxr fd;kA rc mlus viuh njkt esa ls dqN dkxt fudky dj mudks fn,A ^^bl vkneh usvPNh rjg dke fd;k gSA esjs [;ky ls] bldks ,d ljdkjh vf/kdkjh us xyr Qlk;k gSA fczfV'knwrkokl esa ;fn feyus dk le; fn;k tk;] rks ;s viuh vKkurk dks fl) dj nsxkA**

iqfyl dk ofj"B flikgh fpM+fpM+k yxrk Fkk] ^^;s lÒh yksx vutku gh gksrs gS( lq/kkj dhtsysa] ftUgsa Qlk;k x;k gS] mUgsa lquus ds fy,] ,sls “ksys vknfe;ksa ls “jh iM+ha gSaA gesa tks pkfg,og gS] vPNh rjg mls cka/k dj çdks"B esa Mkyuk v©j rc ge viuh M~;wVh ls eqä gksaxsA ^^lkekU;vkneh]** mlus eq>ls dgkA eSa vius cDls dks mBkus ds fy, eqM+kA ^^vksg rqEgsa bldh t:jr ughaaiM+sxh]** eq>s tYnh djrs gq,] ckn ds fopkj ds :i esa] mlus esjh dykb;ksa ij gFkdM+h cka/k nhA^^vksg rqEgsa bldh t:jr ughaa gS]** dIrku us dgkA ^ôg dgha ughaa “kx ldrk] v©j og rqEgkjh ukoesa “h dSls mrjsxk \** ^ôg 'kjkc esa Mwc ldrk gS v©j ge mls [khap dj fudky ysaxs]** iqfyl us“ís <ax ls gWalrs gq,] tokc fn;kA

lh<+h ij uhps mrjuk vklku ughaa Fkk] ijarq eSaus fcuk fdlh xM+cM+h ds] iqfyl ds fy,fn[krs gq, [ksn ds lkFk] bldh O;oLFkk dhA ,d ckj] mUgksaus dkVus okys ds Åij] esjh rjQ vf/kd

98

/;ku ughaa fn;kA ge dbZ tgktksa dks ihNs NksM+rs gq, vkxs pys v©j tYnh ls iqfyl dh xLrh ukoij igqaWpsA ^^vc ;s gh Bhd le; gS]** eSaus lkspk] v©j ,d rst mNky ds lkFk] eSa ,d rjQ gks x;k][kqn dks Mwc tkus fn;kA FkksM+h lh ijs'kkuh ds lkFk] eSaus pkch rkys esa f[kldkbZ] v©j ÄqekbZA gFkdM+h[kqy xbZ v©j Mwc xbZA /khes ls cgqr /khes ls] eSa lrg ij mBkA iqfyl dk dkVus okyk cgqr nwj Fkk]vknfe;ksa us eq>s igpku fy;k] v©j xksyh pykuk 'kq: fd;kA xksfy;kWa esjs vklikl fNVdha v©j eSanqckjk Mwc x;kA tksj ls rSjrs gq,] tc rd fd eSaus ;g eglwl ughaa fd;k fd] esjs QsaQM+s QVtk,saxs] eSa fQj Åij vk;kA iqfyl] ^^Li"V LFkku] dks ryk'krh gqbZ] tgkaW ij esjs tehu ij igqWapusdh vk'kk dh tk ldrh Fkh] cgqr nwj FkhA eSa U;wure fn[kus okys LFkku ij igqWapk ijarq] bldks ;gkaWcrkÅaWxk ughaa] gks ldrk gS] fdlh nqÒkZX;'kkyh dks 'kj.k ysus dh vko';drk iM+sA

ÄaVkas rd] fBBqjrs gq, v©j nnZ lgrs gq,] eSa] tyrs gq, ikuh esa] tks esjs vklikl Äwe jgkFkk] vk/ks Mwcs gq, ckalkas ij iM+k jgkA ikuh esa irokj ds [ksus v©j pIiw ds VwVus dh vkoktsa vkbZaA eSanaM ls nwj f[kld x;k] v©j [kqn dks ikuh esa Mwc tkus fn;k] ftlls fd dsoy esjs udq,] ikuh dsÅij jgsaA ;|fi esa naM ls fNik gqvk Fkk] eSa {kf.kd mM+ku dh rS;kjh esa FkkA uko f'kdkj dh [kkstesa vkbZ] Åij vkbZA var esa] cgqr&cgqr nsj esa] ,d cslqjh vkokt us dgk] ^^vuqeku gS fd] og vcrd vdM+ x;k gksxkA mldh yk'k ckn esa feysxhA ge dqN dkQh ihus ds fy, ckgj pysaA** ukoesjh ijkl (range) ds ckgj gks xbZA yacs le; ds ckn] ml naM ds Åij] yxÒx vfu;af=r :i lsdkairs gq,] eSaus vius nq[krs 'kjhj dks [khapkA

fnu lekIr gqvk] v©j eSa fdj.k ds lgkjs] pksjh ls] vk/kh lM+h gqbZ lh<+h ij p<+k v©j fdlhdks ogkaW u ns[krs gq,] vius diM+ksa dks mrkjrs gq, v©j mUgsa ftruk laÒo gks fupksM+rs gq,] ,dlk;cku dh 'kj.k ds fy, >iVkA xksnh ds var esa] dkQh nwj] dks;yk >ksadus okyk] ,d vknehfn[kkbZ fn;kA tc og uhps vk;k] og esjs lkeus FkkA eSaus ,d /kheh lh lhVh ctkbZ] og #dk]v©j ,d tgkt ds [kwaVs ds Åij cSBk] ^^rqe lko/kkuh ls ckgj vkvks]** mlus dgkA ^^fuf'pr :i ls]flikgh nwljh rjQ dks ns[kÒky dj jgs gksaxs] vkneh! rqeus mu yM+dksa dks fuf'pr :i ls mf}Xudj fn;k gksxkA** og [kM+k gqvk] mlus vaxM+kbZ yh] v©j vius vklikl ns[kkA ^^esjs ihNs vkvks]**mlus dgk] ^^ysfdu ;fn rqe idM+s x,] rks eSa rqEgsa ughaa tkurkA ,d jaxhu tsuyeu ¼tSUVyesu½]Vªd ds lkFk] rqEgkjk bartkj dj jgk gSA tc ge ogkaW igWqap tk;saxs] rqe ihNs p<+uk v©j viusvkidks frjiky ls <d ysukA**

og nwj pyk x;k] vius vkidks dkQh le; nsrs gq,] ,d Nk;knkj bekjr ls nwljh bekjrrd] eSaus mldk ihNk fd;kA >qaM+ks ds vklikl ikuh ds mNky v©j dkQh nwj ij iqfyl dkj dkfpYykuk] dsoy ;gh vkoktsa Fkha] tks 'kkafr dks [kjkc dj jgha FkhaA vpkud gh ogkWa] ,d Vªd dsbatu ds 'kq: fd, tkus ds dkj.k] batu dk 'kksj gqvk v©j iwaN dh cfÙk;kWa fn[kkbZ nhaA ,d cM+suhxzks us] dks;yk >ksadus okys (loscar)] dks b'kkjk fd;k v©j eq>s vius ihNs vkus ds fy, dgk]tc mlus Vªd ds ihNs dh rjQ b'kkjk fd;k] ,d fe=rkiw.kZ vkaW[k ekjhA d"V ds lkFk] eSa mlesap<+ x;k v©j iqjkus frjiky dks viuh rjQ [khap fy;kA Vªd pyrk x;k v©j FkksM+k #dkA nksvkneh ml ij p<+s v©j ,d us dgk] ^^gesa FkksM+k yknuk gS] vkxs pyksA** eSa Mªkboj ds dsfcu dhrjQ vkxs c<+k v©j ogkWa lanwdksa ds ykns tkus dh vkoktsa vkbZaA

Vªd vkxs pykA ÅcM+&[kkcM+ lM+dksa ij >Vds [kkrs gq,] ;s tYnh gh #d x;k v©j ,d[kjkc lh vkokt vkbZ] ^^rqe yksxksa ds ikl D;k gS\** ^^dsoy dwM+k&djdV] Jheku~** uhxzks us dgkA“kjh dne] esjh cxy ls vk;sA dqN pht ihNs dh rjQ pqÒkbZ xbZA ^^Bhd gS]** vkokt us dgk]^^vius jkLrs ijA** njoktk can gqvk] uhxzks us fx;j dks cnyk] v©j ge jkr esa Mªkbo djds pysA

99

ge ÄaVksa rd pyrs fn[ks] rc Vªd rsth ls Äwe x;k] czsd yxs v©j #d x;kA frjiky dks [khapkx;k] uhxzks v©j ykldkj esjs Åij eqLdqjkrs gq, [kM+s FksA eSa Fkds gq, vankt esa dkWai jgk Fkk v©j eSausvius iSls dks Nw dj eglwl fd;kA ^^eSa rqEgsa iSls nwWaxk]** eSaus dgkA

^^dqN er nks]** uhxzks us dgk^^ge U;w;kWdZ igqWapsa mlls igys] cqp eq>s ekjus okyk Fkk** ykldkj us dgkA ^^rqeus eq>s

cpk;k] v©j vc eSaus rqEgas cpk;k] v©j geus vius çfr] “sniw.kZ O;ogkj ds fo:) yM+kbZ yM+hA vanjvkvksA**

^^tkfr&çtkfr] v©j jax dksbZ eryc ughaa j[krs]** eSaus lkspkA ^^lÒh euq";ksa dk [kwu ykygksrk gSA** os eq>s ,d xeZ dejs esa ys x,] tgkWa gYds jax dh] nks uhxzks efgyk,sa FkhaA 'khÄz gh eq>sxeZ [kkuk [kkrs gq,] xeZ dacyksa esa yisVk x;kA rc mUgksaus og LFkku fn[kk;k] tgkWa eSa lks ldrk Fkkv©j os pys x,A

100

v/;k; lkr

eSa nks fnuksa v©j nks jkrksa rd ds fy, lks;kA esjk Fkdk gqvk 'kjhj] nks yksxksa ds chp >wyrkjgkA thou esjs fy, ges'kk dBksj jgk gS] ges'kk d"V lguk v©j cM+h xyrQgfe;kW]a ijarq vc eSalks;kA

esjk 'kjhj] esjs ihNs i`Foh ij NwV x;k FkkA tSls gh eSaus Åij dh rjQ ;k=k 'kq: dh] eSausns[kk fd uhxzks v©jrksa esa ls ,d] uhps esjs [kkyh [kksy dks] vius psgjs ij egku d#.kk ds lkFk ns[kjgh FkhA rc og eqM+h v©j ckgj xanh lM+d ij ns[krs gq,] ,d f[kM+dh ds ikl cSBhA 'kjhj ds ca/kuls eqä gks dj] eSa lw{e'kjhj ds jaxksa dks v©j “h vf/kd Li"V ns[k ldrk FkkA ;s yksx] ;s jaxhuyksx] tks eq>s enn dj jgs gSa tcfd] xksjs yksxksa dh tkfr us eq>s ges'kk rax fd;k] vPNs FksAçrkMu+k v©j dfBukbZ;ksa us muds vge~ dks c<+k fn;k Fkk] v©j mudk eLr joS;k] ek= mudhvkarfjd “koukvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, FkkA esjk iwjk /ku] tks eSaus ijs'kku gksrs gq, v©j vkRe R;kxls] dfBurk ls dek;k Fkk] esjs rfd;s esa pqéV Mky dj uhps flyk gqvk Fkk] bu yksxksa ls bruklqjf{kr] tSls fd fdlh lcls etcwr cSad esa gksrkA

le; v©j vkdk'k ds ca/kuksa dks NksM+rs gq,] ,d ds ckn ,d] vkdk'kh; Lrjksa es ços'k djrsgq,] eSa Åij] v©j Åij] p<+rk x;kA var esa] eSa Lof.kZe çdk'k ds yksd dks igqWapk] tgkWa esjs f'k{kdykek feX;kaj MksaMqi us esjk Lokxr fd;kA

^^rqEgkjh çrkM+uk;sa okLro esa cM+h jgha gSa]** mUgksaus dgk] ^^ijarq tks dqN rqeus >syk gS] oglc vPNs mís'; ds fy, FkkA geus i`Foh ds yksxksa dk v©j vutku] xyr lH;rkvksa dk v/;;ufd;k gS] tks muds ikl gSa v©j tks rqEgsa lrk,saxs D;ksasfd] mudh le>nkjh cgqr de gSA ijarq] vÒhgesa rqEgkjs “fo"; ds Åij ckrphr djuh gSA rqEgkjk orZeku 'kjhj] vius mi;ksxh thou ds var dsdjhc gS v©j bl –'; ds fy,] tks ;kstuk,sa gekjs ikl gSa] iwjh tkuh pkfg,A** og esjs cxy ls ,dlqanj unh ds fdukjs] pysA ikuh ned jgk Fkk v©j thoar çrhr gks jgk FkkA mlds nksuksa fdukjksaij] brus vk'p;Ztud ckx Fks fd eSa] eqf'dy ls gh] vius vuqÒo dk fo'okl dj ldkA gok viusvki esa] thou ls ifjiw.kZ] daiu djrh gqbZ yxhA FkksM+h nwjh ij] frCcrh; ifj/kku esa yisVk gqvk]yksxksa dk ,d lewg] /khes ls gels feyus vk;kA esjs f'k{kd eq>s ns[kdj eqLdjk,] ^^;g ,d egRoiw.kZlÒk gS]** mUgksaus dgk] ^^D;ksafd gesa rqEgkjs “fo"; dh ;kstuk cukuh gSA gesa ns[kuk gS fd] ekuoh;çÒkeaMy ds 'kks/kdk;kZs dks dSls çksRlkfgr fd;k tk,] D;ksafd geus ns[kk gS fd] tc dÒh “h i`Fohij çÒkeaMy dh ckr dh tkrh gS] vf/kdka'k yksx] fo"k; dks cnyus dk ç;kl djrs gSaA**

lewg ikl vk;k] v©j eSaus muesa ls dqN dks igpkuk] ftuds vk'p;Z esa] eSa [kM+k FkkA vc os'kqÒsPNk ls eq> ij eqLdqjk, v©j mUgksaus cjkcjh ds fglkc ls esjk vfÒuanu fd;kA^^ ge vf/kdvkjkenk;d txg ij pysa]** ,d us dgk]^^rkfd ge fo"k; ij] vklkuh ls] fopkj foe'kZ dj ldsaA**tc rd fd jkLrs esa eksM+ ughaa vk x;k] ge ml fn'kk esa] jkg ij vkxs c<+s] tgkWa ls ;s vkneh vk;sFksA geus vius lkeus] ,d vfr lqUnj] “O;] gkWy dks ns[kk] ftlus eq>s vkuan dh vuqÒwfr ds lkFkvfuPNk iwoZd jksdkA isLVy ds euÒkou jaxksa dh mldh nhokjsa] ftlds jaxks dh van:uh Nki] fdlhds ns[krs gh cny tkrh Fkh] 'kq)re fØLVy dh cuh yx jgha FkhaA iSjkas ds uhps dk jkLrk] ueZ Fkk]v©j eq>s ços'k djus ds fy, nokc nsus ds fy,] esjs f'k{kd ds }kjk] bl ij FkksM+k tksj nsus dhvko';drk FkhA

ge vanj x,] v©j ,slk yxk ekuks ge ,d cM+s eafnj esa gSaA ,d lkQ eafnj] ftlesa va/ksjkughaa] v©j ,d ,slk okrkoj.k] ftlesa fdlh dks “h ;s lk/kkj.k vkÒkl gksxk fd] ;gh thou gSA ge

101

“ou ds eq[; Òkx esa gks dj x,] tc rd fd] ge bls i`Foh ij eBk/;{k dk dejk] dgrs ughaa vkx,A ;gkaW vknkenk;d lknkiu Fkk] nhokj ds Åij ,d fp= ds lkFk vf/kd ;FkkFkZ FkkA ftank i©/ksnhokjksa ds djhc Fks v©j p©M+h f[kM+fd;ksa ls] dksbZ “h] ckxksa dk mÙke foLrkj] ns[k ldrk FkkA

frCcr dh rjg] ge Q'kZ ij j[kh xbZa xf–;ksa ij cSBsA eSaus vius vkidks lgt] yxÒxlarq"V eglwl fd;kA esjk 'kjhj i`Foh ij gksus ds [;kyksa us] eq>s vÒh “h ijs'kku fd;k] D;ksafd tcrd jtr rarq Bhd&Bkd Fkk] eq>s y©Vuk iM+rkA eBk/;{k]& eSa mUgsa dgwWaxk] ;|fi og blls dkQhÅij Fks]& us vius vklikl ns[kk v©j rc dgkA ^^;gkWa ls] geus og lc le> fy;k gS] tks i`Fohij rqEgkjs lkFk gqvkA ge rqEgsa igys ;s /;ku fnykuk pkgrs gSa fd] rqe deZ ds çÒko ls d"V ughaamBk jgs gks] ijarq blds cnys] gekjs v/;;u ds midj.k ds :i esa] dk;Z dj jgs gksA D;ksafd]ftruk cqjk rqe vÒh rd >sy pqds gks] rqedks mruk gh rqEgkjk iq#"dkj feysxkA** os esjh vksj ns[kdj eqLdjk, v©j tksM+k] ^^;|fi] tc rqe i`Foh ij d"V >sy jgs gks] ;s vf/kd lgk;rk ughaa djrk]rFkkfi]** og dgrs x,] ^^geus cgqr lh[kk gS] ijarq vÒh dbZ fcUnq ,sls gSa] ftudk v/;;u fd;ktkuk gSA rqEgkjk orZeku 'kjhj dkQh >sy pqdk gS v©j 'khÄz gh lekIr gks tk;sxkA geus baXySaM dsns'k esa] ,d laidZ LFkkfir fd;k gSA ;s vkneh] vius 'kjhj dks NksM+uk pkgrk gSA ge mls lw{e Lrjij yk;s Fks v©j mlds lkFk ekeyksa ij ckrphr dh FkhA og 'kjhj NksM+us ds fy, vR;f/kd fpafrrgS v©j og lc djsxk] ftldh gesa vko';drk gksxhA gekjs vkns'k ij] mlus viuk uke cny fy;kgS] tks rqEgsa vf/kd mi;ksxh gksxkA mldk thou lq[kh ughaa jgk gS] mlus tkucw> dj viusfj'rsnkjksa ls laca/k rksM+ fy, gSaA nksLr rks mlus dÒh cuk;s gh ughaaA og rqEgkjs gh vuquknh daiuksa(resonant vibrations) ij gSaA bl le; ge bl ij] bl ekeys ij] ge v©j vf/kd ppkZ ughaadjsaxs] D;ksafd ckn esa] tc rqe bl 'kjhj dks yksxs] ge rqEgsa blds thou esa ls FkksM+k&lk] fn[kk nsaxasArqEgkjk orZeku dk;Z gS] vius 'kjhj dks okil frCcr ys tkuk] ftlls bldks lajf{kr fd;k tk ldsArqeus vius ç;klksa v©j R;kx ls /ku ladfyr dj fy;k gS] vius ;k=k ds fdjk;s ds fy,] rqEgsablls FkksM+k lk v©j vf/kd pkfg,A ;s rqEgkjs yxkrkj ç;klksa ds }kjk vk tk;sxk ijarq] vÒh brukgh dkQh gSA vius 'kjhj esa y©Vus ls igys] vkt ds fy,] ;gkWa ij viuh ;k=k dk vkuan yksA**

,d cPps ds :i esa ughaa] cfYd ,d ç©<+ ds :i esa] vius f'k{kd] ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi dslkFk gksuk] ;s okLro esa ojnku Fkk] tks ml egku vkneh dh vklkekU; {kerkvksa v©j pfj= dhç'kalk dj ldrk gSA xgjs uhys jax dh ,d [kkM+h dks vuns[kk djrs gq,] ge igkMh+ ds cxy ls]ueZ Äkl ds Åij] vdsys cSBsA gok ds dkj.k isM+ gYds ls fgys v©j nsonkj rFkk phM+ dh lqxa/k dk>ksadk ge ij vk;kA “wrdky ij ppkZ djrs gq,] ckr djrs gq,] pkj Ä.Vksa rd ge blh çdkj cSBsjgsA esjk bfrgkl] muds fy, [kqyh fdrkc Fkk] vc mUgksaus eq>s ,slk crk;kA bl çdkj fnu xqtjx;k v©j tSls gh lka> dh uhyh lh jks'kuh eq> ij iM+h] eq>s yxk ;g i`Foh ij] nq%[ke;h i`Foh ij]mlds dVq euq";ksa v©j xanh tqckuksa ds lkFk] tqckusa] ftUgksaus i`Foh ij cqjkb;kWa iSnk dha] okil vkusdk] y©Vus dk le; gSA

gSad! vksg] gSad! og tx x;k gS!** ,d dqlhZ ds f[kldk;s tkus dh] fÄlus dh vkokt vkbZ]v©j tSls gh] eSaus viuh vkWa[ksa [kksyha] uhxzks dks] eSaus vius Åij ns[krs gq, ik;kA vc og eqLdjk ughaajgk Fkk] mldk psgjk vknj ls iw.kZ Fkk] vk'p;Z] “hA efgyk us vius vkidks ykaÄk v©j tc mlusesjh fn'kk esa ns[kk] FkksM+h >qdhA ^^;s D;k gS \ D;k gqvk \** eSaus iwNkA

^^geus ,d tknw ns[kk gSA ge lc usA** tc og cksyk] ml cM+s uhxzks dh vkokt fuLrC/kFkhA

^^eSaus rqedks cgqr rdyhQas nha gSa]** eSaus iwNkA

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^ûghaa] Lokeh] rqe gekjs fy, dsoy vkuan yk;s gks]** efgyk us tokc fn;kA ^êSa rqEgsa ,d migkj nsuk pkgwWaxk]** vius iSls dh rjQ igqWaprs gq,] eSaus dgkA uhxzks us uehZ ls dgk] ^^ge xjhc yksx gSa] ijarq ge rqEgkjk iSlk ughaa ysaxsA tc rd vki

tkus ds fy, rS;kj u gkas] bls viuk gh Äj le>saA ge tkurs gSa fd] vki D;k dj jgs gSasA**^îjarq eq>s vkÒkj çnf'kZr djuk pkfg,]** eSaus mÙkj fn;kA ^^ftlds fcuk eSa ej x;k gksrkA** ^^v©j egku “O;rk dh vksj pys x, gksrs** efgyk us tksM+rs gq, dgk] ^^Lokeh rqe gesa iSls ls

cM+h dksbZ pht ns ldrs gksA gesa çkFkZuk djuk fl[kk,saA**rc fuosnu dks Lohdkj djrs gq,] ,d {k.k ds fy, eSa 'kkar jgkA ^^gkWa]** eSaus dgk] ^êSa rqEgsa

çkFkZuk djuk fl[kkÅaWxk] tSls eq>s fl[kk;k x;k FkkA**^^lÒh /keZ] çkFkZuk esa vkLFkk j[krs gSa] ijarq dsoy dqN gh yksx bl çfØ;k dh rduhd dks

le>rs gSa] dqN ughaa le> ldrsA mnkgj.k ds fy,] laj{kd ,d iy esa nqfu;kWa ds fdlh “h “kx esatk ldrk gSA ;s laj{kd gh gS] tks lw{e'kjhj ls ;k=k,sa djrk gS v©j jtr rarq ds ek/;e ls okil'kjhj dks “strk gS] tks vko';d gSA

^^tc rqe çkFkZuk djks] rqe Lo;a ls çkFkZuk djksA vius vge~ ls nwljs “kx ls] vius cM+svge~ ds lkFkA ;fn ge Bhd ls tkurs gksa fd] çkFkZuk dSls dh tk,] rks ge mu çkFkZukvksa dks jtrrarq ds ek/;e ls “st ldrs gSa D;ksafd] VsyhQksu dh ykbusa] ftudks ge mi;ksx esa ykrs gSa] ,d cgqr[kjkc midj.k gSa] v©j vius vkidks ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd] lans'k Bhd ls pyk tk,] gesadbZ ckj nqgjkuk iM+rk gSA blfy, tc rqe çkFkZuk djks] rks ,sls cksyks tSls rqe VsyhQksu ykbu ijfdlh ls cgqr nwj ls ckr dj jgs gks] ,dne ije Li"Vrk ds lkFk cksyks] v©j okLro esas lkspks fd]rqe D;k dg jgs gksA eSa tksM+uk pkgWwaxk fd] bl nqfu;kWa esa] bl viw.kZ 'kjhj esa] tks bl nqfu;kWa essagekjk gS] nks"k gekjs vanj gSa] gekjs laj{kd dk nks"k ughaa gSA ;s lqfuf'pr djrs gq, fd] rqEgkjhçkFkZuk,sa ges'kk jpukRed gSa v©j dÒh “h fouk'kkRed ughaa] ljy “k"kk esa çkFkZuk djksA

^^viuh çkFkZuk dks ije /kukRed cuk ysus ds ckn] v©j xyrQgeh dh fdlh “h laÒkoukdks iwjh rjg ls gVk nsus ds ckn] çkFkZuk dks 'kk;n] rhu ckj nqgjkvksA ge ,d mnkgj.kysa( mnkgj.k ds fy, eku yks] ,d euq"; gS] tks chekj gS v©j “qxr jgk gS v©j rqe bl laca/k esadqN djuk pkgrs gksA rqEgsa rhu ckj] ges'kk fcYdqy ogh ckr dguh pkfg,A rqEgsa ml Nk;ke;hvkÑfr dk] ml vewrZ vkÑfr dk] tks okLro esa] ml jkLrs ij pyrs gq,] ftl ij rqe] ml nwljsvkneh ds Äj rd] Lo;a x, gksrs] tk jgh gS] Äj esa Äqlrs gq, v©j ml vkneh ij viuk gkFk j[krsgq, v©j bykt dks çÒkoh cukrs gq,] /;ku djuk pkfg,A ge ,d {k.k+ esa] bl fo'ks"k fo"k; ds Åij]okil yksaVsaxs ijarq] igys eq>s dgus nks& bls bruh ckj nksgjkvks ftruk fd] vko';d gks v©j] ;fnrqe okLro esa] fo'okl djrs gks rks] mlesa fuf'pr :i ls lq/kkj gksxkA

^îw.kZr% bykt dk ;s rjhdk( Bhd gS] ;fn fdlh vkneh dh VkaWx dV xbZ gS] fdruh “h]dSlh “h çkFkZuk] mldh VkWax dks cny ughaa ldrh ijarq] ;fn dksbZ O;fä] dSalj ;k fdlh vU; xaÒhjchekjh ls ihfM+r gS] rks mls jksdk tk ldrk gS] mlds bykt dks rsth ls çÒkfor djus dk ,drhoz rjhdk gSA gj vkneh] iwjh nqfu;kWa esa tknqbZ bykt ds vfÒys[kksa dks tkurk gSA yksMsZl(Lourdes)76 v©j nwljs vusd LFkku] bl rjg ds bykt ds fy;s çfl) gSa] v©j ;s bykt] nwljsvge~ }kjk çÒkfor fd;s tkrs gSa] tks ml LFkku ds çflf) ds lkFk&lkFk] lacaf/kr O;fä dk laj{kdgksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] yksMsZl dks iwjh nqfu;kWa esa tknqbZ bykt ds fy;s tkuk tkrk gS] blfy;s

76 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % yksMsZl] nf{k.k&if'pe Ýkal esa] ik;jsful dh igkfM+;ksa dh rygVh esa] ,d NksVk lk O;kikfjd uxj gSA ;g lu~ 1858 esa fo'o esa fo[;kr gqvkv©j 'khÄz gh jkseu dSFkksfydksa dk rhFkZLFkku v©j i;ZVu LFky cu x;kA vkt ogkWa fo'o “j ls yxÒx lkB yk[k i;ZVd] çfro"kZ vkrs gSaA

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yksx ogkW cM+s fo'okl ds lkFk fd] os mipkfjr gks gh tk;saxs tkrs gSa] v©j vf/kdk'kr% ;s fo'oklml O;fä ds laj{kd dks “st fn;k tkrk gS v©j bl çdkj bykt dks cgqr&cgqr vklkuh ds lkFkçÒkfor fd;k tkrk gSA dqN yksx ;s lkspuk pkgrs gSa fd] dksbZ lk/kq] nsonwr vFkok fdlh lk/kq dkiqjkuk vo'ks"k gS] tks ;s bykt djrk gS] ijUrq okLro esa] gj O;fä viuk bykt Lo;a djrk gS] v©j;fn bykt djus okyk] ml chekj O;fä ds bykt djus ds vk'k; ls] mlds lEidZ esa vkrk gS] rcml chekj O;fä ds laj{kd ds ek/;e ls] bykt çÒkfor fd;k tkrk gSA tSls eSa rqEgs igys crkpqdk gwW vkids [kqn ds fy;s] vkids Lo;a ds okLrfod ds fy;s] tks vki gSa] ;s lc uhps vkrk gSAtc rqe bl çfrfcfEcr thou dks NksM+rs gks v©j egku ;FkkFkZ esa ços'k djrs gksA tc rd ge i`Fohij gSa] ge ;g lksprs gSa fd] dsoy ;gh pht gS] tks ek;us j[krh gS] ijUrq i`Foh] ;s fo'o & ughaa] ;sek;k dh nqfu;kW gS] dfBukb;ksa dh nqfu;kWa] tgkW ge ikB lh[kus ds fy;s vkrs gSa] tks n;kyqrk] vf/kdmRiknd fo'o] ftlesa ge y©Vrs gSa] esa ughaa lh[ks tk ldrsA

^^vkids vUnj Lo;a esa dqN vleFkZrk,sa gks ldrh gSa] vki chekj gks ldrs gaS ;k vkidsvUnj] okafNr 'kk'or 'kfä dh deh gks ldrh gSA ;fn rqe blesa fo'okl djks v©j ;fn rqe okLroesa pkgrs gks] bldk bykt fd;k tk ldrk gS] bl ij ikj ik;k tk ldrk gSA eku yks rqEgkjsvUnj nwljksa dks enn djus dh ,d cM+h bPNk gS] ,d Toyar bPNk( rqe LoLFk djus okyk cuukpkgrs gksA rc rqe vius futh dejs ds ,dkar esa çkFkZuk djks] 'kk;n vius 'k;ud{k esaA rqedkslokZf/kd f'kfFkyrk dh fLFkfr esa vkjke djuk pkfg;s] tks rqEgsa] ojh;rk ls vius iSjksa dks vkil esatksM+rs gq, v©j viuh mWaxqfy;ksa dks vkil esa QWalkrs gq,] çkFkZuk ds lkekU; rjhds ls ughaa] ijUrqviuh mxqfy;ksa dks vkil esa QWalkrs gq,] fey ldrk gSA bl rjhds ls rqe 'kjhj ds pqEcdh; ifjiFkdks lajf{kr djrs gks v©j c<+krs gks] rqEgkjk çÒke.My v©j 'kfä'kkyh gks tkrk gS] v©j rqEgkjk jtrrUrq] rqEgkjs lans'kksa dks v©j lgh :i ls çsf"kr djus esa l{ke gksrk gSA rc vius vki dks lghfLFkfr esa j[krs gq, v©j lgh ekufld voLFkk esa j[krs gq,] rqedks çkFkZuk djuh pkfg;sA^^

mnkgj.k ds fy;s] vki çkFkZuk dj ldrs gSaA ^^eq>s LokLFk ykÒ dh 'kfä nks fd] eSa nwljksadks LokLFk ykÒ djk ldwWA eq>s LokLFk ykÒ djkus dh 'kfä nks fd eSa nwljksa dks ykÒ djk ldwWA^^rc] tc rqe f'kfFkyrk dh fLFkfr esa gks] dqN {k.kksa ds fy;s cus jgks v©j vius vki dks] vius [kqnds 'kjhj dh Nk;k esa fÄjs gq, :i esa fpf=r djksA

^^tSlk rqEgsa igys dgk] rqedks og jkLrk vius /;ku esa ykuk pkfg;s] ftls rqe chekj vknehds Äj rd yksxs] v©j rc viuh dYiuk esa] ml 'kjhj dks] ml O;fä ds Äj rd ys tkvks] ftlsrqe Bhd djuk pkgrs gksA ml vkneh dh mifLFkfr esa Lo;a dks fpf=r djksA rqEgkjk o`gr~ vge~mlds Äj ij igqWpk] ftldks rqe enn djuk pkgrs gksA vius vki dks] viuh ckgksa dks mBkrs gq,vius gkFkksa dks] v©j ml vkneh dks Nwrs gq,] fpf=r djksA thou çnku djus okyh 'kfä] rqEgkjsgkFkksa esa ls vk jgh gS] rqEgkjh mxqfy;ksa esa ls gksrh gqbZ] nwljs vkneh esa thoUr uhys çdk'k ds :i esaços'k djrh gqbZ] çokfgr gks jgh gS] bldh dYiuk djksA dYiuk djks fd] vkneh /khes&/khes Bhd gksjgk gSA fo'okl ds lkFk] FkksM+s vH;kl ds lkFk] bls fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g lqnwj iwoZ esa fd;k tkjgk gSA

^^dYiuk esa ,d gkFk] ml O;fä dh xnZu ds Åij] ihNs dh rjQ j[kuk] v©j nwljk gkFk]O;fFkr vax ds Åij j[kuk] mi;ksxh gksxkA rqEgsa vius vki ls] rhu&rhu çkFkZukvksa ds lewg esa ,dfnu esa dbZ ckj çkFkZuk djuh gksxh] tc rd fd] rqEgsa okafNr ifj.kke ughaa fey tk;saA fQj] ;fnrqe fo'okl j[krs gks] rqEgs ifj.kke vo'; çkIr gksaxsA ijUrq eq>s ,d xaÒhj] xaÒhj psrkouh nsus nksArqe vius [kqn ds “kX; dks] bl fof/k ls ughaa c<+k ldrsA bl laca/k esa xw<+ foKku dk ,d cgqr

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iqjkuk fu;e gS] tks fdlh dks [kqn ds LokLF; ykÒ ds fy;s çkFkZukvksa dk mi;ksx djus ls jksdrkgSA rqe bls [kqn ds fy;s ughaa dj ldrs tc rd fd] ;s nwljksa dh enn djus ds fy;s u gks] v©jtc rd fd] rqe blds Åij xaÒhjrk ls fo'okl u djrs gks fd] ;g nwljksa dks lgk;d gksxkAeSa ,d okLrfod ekeys esa tkurk gwW] ftlesa ,d vkneh] ftldh lk/kkj.k vkenuh Fkh v©j Bhd lsvkjke ls jg jgk FkkA mlus lkspk fd] ^^;fn og vk;jyS.M dh ykWVjh dks thr ys] rks og nwljksadh enn dj ldrk gS( og ekuork dk cgqr vPNk 'kqÒsPNq cu ldrk gSA^^

'kk'or ekeyksa esa] FkksM+k] ijUrq vf/kd ughaa tkurs gq,] mlus mls D;k djuk gS] ds laca/k esacM+h ;kstuk,sa cukbZA mlus lko/kkuh iwoZd rS;kj dh xbaZ çkFkZukvksa dk dk;ZØe cuk;kA mlus blv/;k; esa fn;s x;s rjhds ls] nks eghus rd yxkrkj çkFkZuk dh( mlus çkFkZuk dh fd] og vk;jyS.Mds ykWVjh dk fotsrk gksxkA nks efgus ds fy;s mlus rhu&rhu çkFkZukvksa ds lewg esa fnu esa rhu ckj& çfrfnu dqy feyk dj u© ckj çkFkZuk,sa dhA tSlk og iwjh rjg ls vk'kkfUor Fkk] mlusvkW;jyS.M dh ykWVjh dks thrk v©j mlus muesa ls lcls cM+k iqjLdkj çkIr fd;kA

^^var esa mls iSlk fey x;k v©j mlus viuh cqf) ls fopkj fd;kA og vius iwjs ok;nksa]“ys vk'k;ksa ds ckjs esa lc dqN “wy x;kA flok; blds fd] mlds ikl cgqr /ku gSA og bl laca/kesa gj pht dks “wy x;k v©j og tSlk pkgrk Fkk Bhd oSlk gh dj ldrk FkkA mlus /ku dkmi;ksx vius [kqn ds fn[kkos ds fy;s fd;kA dqN gh eghuksa esa ;s mlds fy;s vk'p;Ztud le;Fkk] ftlds e/; og dBksj] v©j dBksj] gksrk x;k] v©j rc dBksj fu;e vius çÒko esa vk;k] v©jiSls dks vius ikl j[kus ds v©j nwljksa dks enn djus ds cnys esa] mlus gj pht dks xoka fn;k]tks mlus çkIr dh Fkh v©j gj pht] tks blls igys mlds ikl FkhA var esa og ej x;k v©jdaxky yksxksa ds dfczLrku esa nQu fd;k x;kA

^êSa rqels dgrk gwW fd] ;fn rqe viuh LokFkZiwfrZ ds fopkj ds fcuk] vius [kqn ds mé;u dsfopkj ds fcuk] çkFkZuk dh 'kfä dk Bhd ls mi;ksx djks] rks rqEgsa lalkj dh çcyre 'kfä;ksa esals ,d feysxh] ,d bruh egku 'kfä fd] dsoy dqN gh lgh O;fä] i`Foh ij 'kkafr dh çkFkZuk djsarks i`Foh ij iwjh 'kkafr gksxh v©j ;q) v©j ;q) ds fopkj] dgha ughaa jgsaxsA^^

dqN le; ds fy;s 'kkafr jgh tc mUgksaus blds Åij euu fd;k] tks eSaus mUgsa crk;k Fkk]rc ml v©jr us dgk] ^êSa pkgrh gwW fd] vki dqN le; ds fy;s ;gkW jgsa v©j gesa fl[kk;saAgeus ,d peRdkj ns[kk gS] ijUrq dksbZ vk;k v©j mlus gesa blds laca/k esa ckr djus ls eukfd;kA^^

eSaus dqN Ä.Vksa ds fy;s vkjke fd;k v©j rc eSaus diM+s igus v©j 'kaÄkbZ esa] vius ,dvf/kdkjh fe= dks] ;s crkrs gq, fd] esjs dkxtkr ds lkFk D;k gqvk] ,d i= fy[kkA gokbZ tgktls mUgksaus eq>s ,d u;k ikji=] ftlus fuf'pr :i ls esjh fLFkfr dks ljy cuk fn;k] “st fn;kAgokbZ tgkt ls] ,d cgqr /kuh efgyk dk i= esjs ikl vk;kA ^^dqN le; ds fy;s ^] mlus fy[kk]^êSa vkidk irk çkIr djus dh dksf'k'k djrh jgha gwWA esjh iq=h] ftldks vkius tkikfu;ksa ls cpk;kFkk] esjs lkFk gS v©j og iwjh rjg ls LokLF; ykÒ dj pqdh gSA vkius mls cykRdkj ls v©jQykaW&QykW phtksa ls cpk;k v©j eSa] de ls de dqN va'kksa esa] vkids çfr viuk _.k] mldkçfrQy vnk djuk pkgrh gwWA eq>s crk;sa] eSa vkids fy;s D;k dj ldrh gwwWA^^

eSaus mls fy[kk v©j mls crk;k fd] eSa ejus ds fy;s vius Äj frCcr tkuk pkgrk gwWA^^ esjsikl “kjr ds ,d canjxkg rd tkus ds fy;s] fVfdV [kjhnus ds fy;s i;kZIr /ku gS]^^ eSaus tckofn;k] ^îjUrq egk}hi dks ikj djus ds fy;s i;kZIr /ku ughaa gSA ;fn vki okLro esa esjh enn djuk

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pkgrs gSa] rks esjs fy;s] “kjr esa cEcbZ ls dfyaxiksax77 tkus ds fy;s fVfdV [kjhnsaA^^ eSaus ,slk etkdds :i esa fy[kk] ijUrq nks lIrkg ckn] eq>s ,d i= feyk v©j çFke Js.kh dk leqæh fVfdV v©jdfyeiksaXk rd ds fy;s çFke Js.kh dk jsy fVfdV] çkIr gqvkA rqjUr] eSaus mls ;s crkrs gq, fd] eSanwljs /ku dks uhxzks ifjokj dks ns nwWxk] ftlds lkFk esjh fe=rk Fkh] fy[kk v©j viuk vkÒkj çnf'kZrfd;kA

uhxzks ifjokj nq[kh Fkk fd] eSa mls NksM+us okyk Fkk] ysfdu bl ckr ls vfr çlé “h Fkk fd]thou esa ,d ckj] eSa fQj ls lqfo/kktud ;k=k djus okyk FkkA var esa] geus bldks vkil esa lk>kfd;kA ^^,d pht gS]^^ uhxzks efgyk us dgkA ^^rqe tkurs Fks ;s iSlk vk;sxk D;ksafd] ;g ,d vPNsmís'; ds fy;s FkkA D;k rqeus blds fy;s] ftls rqe fopkj vkÑfr (thought form) dgrs gks] “sthFkh \^^

^^ughaa ^] eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^^bls bl nqfu;kWa ls cgqr nwj] nwljs lzksr ds }kjk “stk x;k gksxkA^^ og ijs'kku yxhA ^^rqeus dgk fd] tkus ls igys] rqe gesa fopkj vkÑfr;ksa ds ckjs esa

crkvksxsA D;k rqEgkjs ikl vÒh le; gS \^^^^gkW^^] eSaus tcko fn;kA ^^cSBks] v©j eSa rqEgsa ,d dgkuh crkÅWxkA^^ og cSBh v©j vius gkFk

tksM+ fy;sA tSls gh mldk ifr] çdk'k esa ls eqM+k v©j ihNs viuh dqlhZ ij cSB x;k] eSaus cksyuk'kq: fd;k % “wjs iRFkjksa ds chp] tyrh gqbZ jsr esa] flj ij rst tyrs gq, lwjt ds uhps] vknfe;ksadk ,d NksVk lewg] iryh xfy;ksa esa ls gks dj] vius jkLrs ij xqtj jgk FkkA dqN feuVksa ds cknog #dk] mlus QVs gky fn[kus okys njokts ij] FkiFkik;k v©j os vUnj x;sA dqN us] dqN okD;ksadks] /khes ls dgk] v©j rc vknfe;ksa dks e'kkysa ns nh xbZa] ftUgksusa yk[k (resin) dh cwWnsa vkl&iklesa FkqdFkqdk dj fc[ksj nhaA /khes&/khes] uhps] v©j uhps] felz dh ckyw esa tkrs gq,] mUgksaus xfy;kjksa esagksrs gq, viuk jkLrk fy;kA okrkoj.k Fkdk lk] lq[kn FkkA th epykrs gq,] udqvksa esa] bl rjhds lsfjlko gqvk fd] og 'ysf"ed f>Yyh (mucous membrain) ls fpid x;kA

e'kkyokgd] tks NksVs ls tqywl ds :i esa vkxs c<+ jgs FksA ^^flok; blds fd] tks çdk'ke'kky ds okgdksa ls vk jgk Fkk] eqf'dy ls gh çdk'k dh dksbZ fdj.k] ;gkW FkhA T;ksa gh os] tehuds uhps] çdks"B esa vkxs c<+s] ykscku (frankinsence)78 dh lqxa/k] xqXxqy (myrrh) dh lqxa/k v©j iwoZls yk;h x;ha dqN ikjy©fdd vutku tM+h cwfV;ksa dh lqxa/k] v©j rhoz gks xbaZA lM+us dh] lM+rhgqbZ ouLifr;ksa dh] v©j e`R;q dh xa/k “h] ogkW FkhA

^^cgqr nwj fLFkr nhokj ds lkeus] pkWnuh ls <ds gq, tkjksa dk ,d laxzg j[kk Fkk] ftu esamu yksxksa ds fny v©j vkWarsa j[kha Fkha] ftu ij ejge yxk;k tk jgk FkkA muds Åij lko/kkuh ls]fufgr pht ds o.kZu v©j mUgsa can fd;s tkus dh rkjh[k ds lkFk] ysoy fpidk;s x;s FksA eqf'dyls da/ks fgykrs gq,] tqywl ;gkW ls xqtjk] v©j og dyeh iksVk'k ¼dyeh 'kksjk] nitre½ ls “js Vcksa dsikl ls xqtjk] ftlesa yk'kksa dks uCcs fnu ds fy;s Mqck;k x;k FkkA yk'ksa vÒh “h bu Vcksa esa rSjjgha Fkha] v©j vDlj ,d lgk;d vkrk v©j yk'kksa dks ,d yEcs yÎs ls Mwck nsrk v©j mUgsa iyV77 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dfyaxiksax Òkjr ds if'pe caxky jkT; esa ,d igkM++h LFkku gSA bldh vkSlr ÅWaokbZ leqæ ry ls yXkÒx 4100 QqV gSA dfyaxiksax 'kgj]

dfyaxiksax ftys dk eq[;ky; gSA 'kgj ds ckgjh {ks=ksa (outskirts) esa Òkjrh; lsuk dk 27 ioZrh; foÒkx (division) ;gkWa jgrk gSSA dfyaxiksax dks vius vusd 'kS{kf.kdlaLFkkuksasa ds dkj.k tkuk tkrk gS] ftUgsa vaxzsth jkT; ds le; essa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA frCcr esa phu ds vfrØe.k vkSj phuh&Òkjrh; ;q) ls igys] ;g frCcr vkSjÒkjr ds chp O;kikj dk çeq[k dsUæ FkkA dfyaxiksax vkSj mlds lehiorhZ nkftZfyax {ks= us] 1980 ds n'kd esa] vkSj ckn essa 2010 esas as] iFkd~ xksj[kk yS.M jkT; dh ekaxmBkbZ xbZ FkhA dfyaxiksax esa Qwyksa dh [ksrh cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS] blsa vius Qwyksa ds ckxokuksa ds fy, vkSj fofÒé çdkj ds Qwyksa ds O;kikj ds fy,] tkuk tkrk gS] ftlesafgeky; esa mRié gksus okys Qwyksa (flowers)] 'kYoksa (bulbs)] ufy;ksa (tubes)] vkSj jhtksEl (rhçomes) dks fu;kZr fd;k tkrk gS] tks dfyaxiksax dh vFkZO;OkLFkk dk cgqrcM+k Òkx gSA 'kgj ckS)er dk çeq[k /kkfeZd dsUæ gSA tkax /kksd ikyjh [kksnkax (Zang Dhok Palri Phodang)] ;gkWa dk çeq[k ckS)eB gS] ftlesa frCcrh ckS)/keZ dh fcjyhik.Mqfyfi;kWa j[kh gSaA dfyaxiksax] Òkjr dk vnjd mRiknu djus okyk cgqr cM+k {ks= gSA dfyaxiksax vkSj flfôe jkT;] nksuksa feyk dj Òkjr ds vnjd mRiknu dkyxÒx 15 çfr'kr iSnk djrs gSaA vf/kdka'k pk; ckxku nkftZfyax ds 'kgj dh rjQ] rhLrk unh ds if'peh fdukjs ij gSaA 2011 esa Òkjrh; tux.kuk ds vuqlkjdfyaxiksxa dh vkcknh yxÒx 43 gtkj FkhA ;gkWa usikyh]] fgUnh] vkSj caxyk] bl {ks= esas mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkus okyh fo'ks"k miÒk"kk,a gSaaA

78 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ykscku] ,d lqxa/k;qä xksan gksrk gS] tks fofÒé vjc ns'kksa rFkk iwohZ vÝhdu ns'kksa ds isM+ksa ls çkIr gksrk gSA bls iwtk esa lqxaf/kr /kqvka cukus dsfy;s tyk;k tkrk gSA

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nsrkA bu rSjrh gqbZ yk'kksa ds Åij gYdh lh utj Mkyus ds lkFk] tqywl çdks"B ds vUnj x;kAogkW Qjkvks dk] ykbuu dh jfLl;ksa ls dl dj yisVk gqvk e`r 'kjhj] ftl ij e/kqj lqxa/k nsusokyh tM+hcwfV;ksa ds pw.kZ dks vPNh rjg QSyk;k gqvk Fkk] v©j vPNh rjg ls ejge yxk;k gqvk Fkk]e/kqj lqxaf/kr ydM+h ds yÎksa ds Åij j[kk FkkA^^ vkneh çfo"V gq, v©j pkj okgdksa us yk'k dksiyV fn;k] v©j mls ,d gYds ydM+h ds [kksy esa j[k fn;k] tks nhokj ds lgkjs [kM+k j[kk FkkA rcmls vius da/kksa dh ÅWpkbZ rd mBkrs gq,] iyV dj ml tehu nkst dejs ds ckgj] dyeh 'kksjs dsVCkksa ls fudyrs gq,] felz ds eyge yxkus okys yksxksa ds dejksa ls ckgj fudyrs gq,] mUgksaus e'kkyokgdksa dk vuqxeu fd;kA lrg ds ikl] yk'k dks nwljs dejs esa ys tk;k x;k] ftlesa fnu dhgYdh lh jks'kuh Nu dj vk jgh FkhA ;gkW ij mls] ml ydM+h ds [kksy esa ls ckgj fudyk x;kv©j mls nwljs fMCcs esa] tks ,dne] Bhd mlh yk'k dh 'kDy esa gh Fkk] j[k fn;k x;kA gkFkksa dksNkrh ds Åij j[kk x;k v©j mls ifê;ksa ls dl dj cka/k fn;k x;kA e`r O;fä ds bfrgkl dkscrkus okyk ,d “ksti=] muds lkFk cka/kk x;kA

vc dbZ fnuksa ds ckn] vksfjfll (Orisis)79] vkbZfll (Isis)80 v©j gksjl81 (Horus) dsiqtkjh ;gkWa vk;sA vkRek dks fupys yksd esa ls ykus ds fy;s] ogkW mUgksaus viuh çkajfEÒd çkFkZukvksadks xk;kA ;gkW “h iqjkus felz ds vks>kvksa v©j tknwxjksa us vius fopkjksa dh vkÑfr;kWa (thoughtforms) cukbZa] fopkj vkÑfr;kW] tks ml yk'k dh lqj{kk djsaxha v©j cnek'kksa dks dcz rksM+us v©jmldh 'kkafr dks “ax djus ls jksdsaxhaA

^îwjs felz (Egypt) ns'k esa bl ckr dk] mu n.Mksa dk] ,syku fd;k fd] tks mu ij iM+saxs]ftUgksaus dcz dks [kjkc fd;kA okD; % fu;e “ax djus okys dh toku [khap yh tkosxh v©j rcdykbZ;ksa ds Åij] mlds gkFk dkV fy;s tkosaxsA dqN fnu ckn] mldh vkWrsa fudky yh tkosaxha v©jmls xje ckyw esa] xnZu rd nck fn;k tkosxk] tgkW og dsoy dqN Ä.Vksa ds fy;s ftUnk jgsxkA

^^rwrk[kkaesu (Tutankhamen)82 dh dcz us bfrgkl jpk] D;ksafd ;s Jki mu yksxksa ij iM+k]ftUgksaus dcz dk mYyaÄu fd;kA os lÒh O;fä] tks rwrk[kkesu dh dcz esa x;s ej x;s ;k mUgksausjgL;e; ykbykt chekfj;ksa dks “qxrkA

^^felz ds iqtkfj;ksa ds ikl ,d foKku Fkk] tks orZeku nqfu;kWa esa xqe gks x;k gS] fopkjvkÑfr mRié djus dk foKku] tks euq"; 'kjhj ls dke djus ds fy;s] fd;s tkus dh n{krk ls ijsgS] ijUrq ml foKku dks lekIr gksus dh vko';drk ughaa Fkh] D;ksafd dksbZ “h] FkksM+s ls vH;kl dslkFk] FkksM+s ls /©;Z ds lkFk] fopkj vkÑfr cuk ldrk gS] tks “ys ;k cqjs ds fy;s dke djsaxhaA

^ôg d©u dfo Fkk] ftlus fy[kk % ^êSa viuh vkRek dk dIrku gwW** \ ml vkneh us ,degku lR; dks mxyk] 'kk;n] mlls T;knk] ftruk og tkurk jgk gksxk] D;ksafd okLro esa] vknehgh viuh vkRek dk dIrku gksrk gSA if'peh yksxksa us “©frd inkFkksZ dks] ;kaf=d phtksa dks] dksbZ “h79 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % feFkd dFkkvksa ds vuqlkj] vksfjfll] felz ds nsork v©j gkWjl ds firk gSaA vksfjfll lkekU;r%] eR;q ds ckn ds] thou ifjorZu ds] v©j vkxkeh

thou ds nsork gSa] bUgsa uhy unh dh okf"kZd ck<+ dk nsork “h ekuk tkrk gSA bUgsa gjh Ropk v©j Qjkjksg dh nk<+h okyk fpf=r fd;k tkrk gSA 80 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vkbfll] çkphu felz dh nsoh] iFoh ds nsork xsc v©j vkdk'k dh nsoh uV dh iq=h] v©j vksfjfll dh iRuh v©j cfgu gSaA bUgsa vkn'kZ iRuh

v©j vkn'kZ ekWa ds :i esa] çÑfr v©j tknw dh lajf{kdk ds :i esa iwtk tkrk gSA ;s Qjkvks dh egRoiw.kZ 'kfä gSaA ckn esa bUgsa iwjs jkseu dSFk©fyd leqnk; esa iwtk tkusyxkA

81 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % gkWjl] felz ds egRoiw.kZ nsork v©j vksfjfll rFkk vkbfll (ISIS) ds iq+= gSaA bUgsa vkdk'k] ;q) ,oa f'kdkj rFkk laj{k.k+ dk nsork ekuk tkrk gSA82 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % rwrk[kkesu ;k rwrk[kkewu] felz ds 18osa jktoa'k dk Qjkvks Fkk] ftlus yxÒx 10 o"kZ dh vk;q esa 'kklu laÒkyk vkSj 1332 bZlk iwoZ ls] 1323 bZlk

iwoZ rd] 'kklu fd;kA Qjkvks felz ds jktkvksa dh mikf/k gSA rwrk[kkesu us viuh lksrsyh cgu ls 'kknh dh FkhA gksckMZ dkYVj vkSj tkWt gjoVZ us] lu~ 1922 esa]rwrk[kkesu dh yxÒx lgh lyker] dcz dh [kkst dh] ftls fo'o Òj esa lepkj&i=ksa ,oa lapkj ek/;ekssa us fo'ks"k egRo ds lkFk çlkfjr fd;kA rwrk[kkesu ds lkFknQuk;s x;s ekLd vÒh dSjksa vtk;Äj esa j[ks x;s gSa vkSj mudks fo'o Òj esa çnf'kZr fd;k tk pqdk gSA Qjojh 2010 esa dh xbZ] Mh-,u-,- tkapksa ls irk pyk fdrwrk[kkesu] v[ksukrsu vkSj mldh ¼uke vKkr½ cfgu rFkk iRuh dk iq= Fkk vFkkZr~ rwrk[kkesu ds ekrk&firk] vkil esa lxs ÒkbZ&cfgu FksA vtk;cÄj esa lajf{kr eeh esabls toku efgyk ds uke ls crk;k x;k gSA rwrk[kkesu dh dcz ds ikl 5398 oLrq,sa feyh gSa ftuesa Bksl lksus dk dQu] psgjs dk ekLd] flagklu] rhj deku] [kkuk]'kjkc] pIiysa vkSj u;s v.Mj fo;j feys gSaA bu lcdks lwphc) djus esass gkoZM dkYVsu dks 10 lky dk le; yxkA rwrk[kkesu dks nqfu;kWa] Qjkvksa ds :i esa] mlds 'kkludh ctg ls ugha] cfYd mldh dcz dh ctg ls vf/kd tkurh gS] tks cgqr vPNh rjg ls lajf{kr djds j[kh xbZ FkhA mlds psgjs dh Nfo] dyk—fr ds :i esa lclsvf/kd çnf'kZr dh tkrh gSA

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pht] tks bl nqfu;kWa esa dh tk lds] dks jp fn;kA mUgksaus varfj{k dks [kkstus dk ç;kl fd;k gS]ijUrq os] lÒh jgL;ksa esa ls lcls xgjs jgL; dks] [kkstus esa vleFkZ jgs gSa & vkneh dk vopsru(subconscious) eu] D;ksa fd vkneh ds eu dk 9@10 fgLlk vopsru gS] bldk vFkZ gS fd] eudk dsoy 1@10 fgLlk gh psru (conscious) gSA vFkkZr~] vkneh dk dsoy 1@10 fgLlk gh mldsLo;a ds fu;a=.k esa gSA ;fn vkneh Ms<+ cVs nl gh psru gks lds] rc og vkneh lcls vf/kd Kkuhgksxk] ijUrq] lalkj esa] Kkuh gksuk] dsoy ,d gh fn'kk esa Kkuh gksuk gSA cgq/kk os nwljh fn'kkvksa esadkQh detksj gksrs gSaA

^^Qjkvksgksa ds fnuksa esa] felzh yksx] vopsru dh 'kfä dks vPNh rjg ls tkurs FksA os viusQjkvks dks xgjh dczksa esa nQuk nsrs Fks v©j os mudh dykvksa (arts) ds lkFk] muds ekuork ds Kkuds lkFk] tknw&Vksuk djrs FksA os fopkj vkÑfr cukrs Fks] tks e`r Qjkvks dh dczksa dh lqj{kk djrhFkh v©j “;kud chekfj;ksa ds n.M ds çÒko ls] ÄqlisfB;ksa dks ços'k djus ls jksdrh FkhA^^

ijUrq] vki fopkj vkÑfr cuk ldrs gSa] tks vPNk djsaxha] ijUrq fu'p; djsa fd] ;s vPNs dsfy;s gksxk D;ksafd] dksbZ fopkj vkÑfr] cqjkbZ ls vPNk ughaa dj ldrhA ;s nksuksa esa ls dksbZ ,d ghdjsxhA ijUrq] cqjs fopkjksa dh vkÑfr] var esa] cukus okys dks gh nf.Mr djsxhA

^^vyknhu dh dgkuh] okLro esa] fopkj vkÑfr dh gh dgkuh gS] tks viuk çÒko MkyrhFkhA ;s iqjkuh phuh fdoanafr;ksa (legends) esa ls ,d ds Åij vk/kkfjr gS] tks v{kj'k% lgh gSA

^^bl nqfu;kWa esa dYiuk (imagination) ,d cgqr cM+h 'kfä gSA dYiuk] nqÒkZX;o'k] cqjkuke /kjh (badly named) xbZA ;fn dksbZ ^dYiuk* 'kCn dk mi;ksx djrk gS] rks og Lor% ghfdlh fof{kIr vkneh ds laca/k esa lksprk gS] ftlesa volkn dh ço`fÙk;kW gksa] ijUrq fQj “h lR; lsvkxs dqN “h ughaa gks ldrkA lÒh egku dykdkjksa] lÒh egku fp=dkjksa] lÒh egku ys[kdksa dks “h],d ç[kj fu;af=r dYiuk j[kuh iM+h gS] vU;Fkk os ml vafre Lo:i dks fnekx esa ughaa ns[k ldrsFks] tks og cukus dk ç;kl dj jgs FksA

^^;fn ge nSfud thou esa dYiuk dks lhapsa] rks ge] og çkIr dj ldrs gSa] ftUgsa gepeRdkj dg ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] gekjk ,d fç; tu fdlh chekjh ls “qxr jgk gks] dqN,slh chekjh] ftldk vÒh “h fpfdRlh; foKku ds ikl dksbZ bykt ughaa gSA ;fn ge dksbZ fopkjvkÑfr cuk;sa] tks ml chekj vkneh ds vge~ ds lEidZ esa vk;sxh] v©j ml vge~ dks] 'kjhj ds vaxdks iSnk djus esa] mldks “©frd :i nsus esa lQy gksxh] rks ml vkneh dk bykt fd;k tk ldrkgSA bl çdkj] ,d vkneh] tks e/kqesg dh voLFkkvksa ls ihfM+r gS] Bhd enn ds lkFk] vXuk'k;(pancreas)83 ds mu [kjkc vaxksa dks nqckjk iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftUgksaus chekjh iSnk dh FkhA

^^ge fopkj vkÑfr dSls cuk ldrs gSa \ Bhd gS] ;g vklku gSA vc ge blesa vUnjÄqlsaxsA fdlh dks lcls igys ;g r; dj ysuk pkfg;s fd] og D;k çkIr djuk pkgrk gS] v©j ;gfuf'pr dj ysuk pkfg;s fd] og vPNs ds fy;s gSA rc] fdlh dks] dYiuk dks “wfedk esa ykukpkfg;sA fdlh dks] Bhd mUgha ifj.kkeksa dks eu esa ns[kuk pkfg;s] ftUgsas og çkIr djuk pkgrk gSAdYiuk djks fd] ,d vkneh chekj gS] ftldk ,d vax chekjh ls vfrØfer fd;k x;k gSA ;fn ge,d fopkj vkÑfr cukus tk jgs gSa] tks mldh lgk;rk djsxh] rks gesa ml vkneh dks] Bhd viuslkFk esa [kM+s gksus dh dYiuk djuh pkfg;sA gesa] çÒkfor vax dks] ekufld :i ls ns[kus dhdksf'k'k djuh pkfg;sA ekufld fp= esa] [kjkc vax vius lkeus j[krs gq,] gedks dYiuk djuh

83 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % jh<+ dh gìh okys çkf.k;ksa esa] vXuk'k; ;k isufØ;kl (Pencreas), ikpura= esa xzafFk tSlk ,d vax gksrk gS] tks var%lzkoh xzafFk (endocrine gland)

gksrh gSA euq";ksa esa ;s isV dh xqgk (cavity of stomach) esa] fo'ks"k:Ik ls] isV ds Åijh cka;h Òkx esa] isV ds ihNs dh rjQ] ikbZ tkrh gSA vaar%lzkoh xzafFk vusd çeq[kgkeksZuksa] tSls bUlqfyu (Insuline)] Xywdkxksu (Glucagon)] lksesVklsfVu (Somatosatin) vkSj vXuk'k; dh ikWyhisIVkbM (Pencreatic Polipeptides) dks fudkyrh gS] tks [kwuds lkFk çokfgr gksrs gSaA vXuk'k; ikpu ra= dk Òh ,d Òkx gS] tks vXuk'k; jl dks fudkyrk gS] ftlesa ipkus okys ,UtkbZEl (Eæymes) gksrs gSa] tks NksVh vkWar esa]iks"kd rRoksa dk vo'kks"k.k djrs gSaA ;s ,UtkbZe] dkcksZgkbMªsV~l (Carbohydrates)] çzksVhUl (Protiens) vkSj fyfiM~l (Lipids) dks rksM+us esa enn djrs gSaA

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pkfg;s fd] og /khes&/khes Bhd gks jgk gS] v©j gesa mls jpukRed vfÒdFku (positiveaffirmation) nsuk pkfg;sA blfy;s] ge bl fopkj vkÑfr dks] ml vkneh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,cukrs gS] v©j ge ml vkneh ds cxy esa [kM+s gks dj] fopkj vkÑfr ds cukus dh] vy©fdd(super normal) 'kfä;ksa ds ml chekj O;fä ds 'kjhj esa vUnj igqWpus dh] v©j ml LokLF;dkjhLi'kZ ds lkFk ml chekjh dks lekIr gks tkus dh] dYiuk djrs gSaA

^^gesa gj le;] fopkj vkÑfr] tks geus cukbZ gS] ls ,d iôs] /kukRed vkokt esa ckr djuhpkfg;sA fdlh “h le;] dksbZ lUnsg vFkok _.kkRedrk ughaa gksuh pkfg;s v©j u gha] vfu'p; dhfLFkfrA ge dks ljyre laÒo] “k"kk esa v©j laÒor% lokZf/kd lh/ks <ax ls cksyuk pkfg;sA gesa bldslkFk ,sls cksyuk pkfg;s] tSls ge fdlh vR;Ur fiNM+s ls cPps ls ckr djrs gSa] D;ksafd bl fopkjvkÑfr ds ikl] dksbZ dkj.k ughaa gS v©j ;s dsoy çR;{k vkns'kksa dks gh] ;k ljy dFku dks gh]Lohdkj djrh gSA

^^fdlh vax ij dqN lwtu gks ldrh gS v©j gesa mlds fy;s] bl fopkj vkÑfr dks dgukpkfg;s % ^^rqe vc veqd veqd vax dks LoLFk djksxsA rUrq vkil esa cqukbZ dj jgs gSaA^^ rqEgsa bldksfnu esa dbZ ckj nksgjkuk iM+sxk v©j ;fn rqe viuh fopkj vkÑfr dks] okLro esa] dke djrs gq,ns[kuk pkgrs gks] rks ;s okLro esa dke djsxhA blus felzh yksxksa ds lkFk dke fd;k gS] ;s orZekule; ds yksxksa ds lkFk “h dke dj ldrh gSA^^

Òqrgk Nk;k&vkÑfr;ksa ds }kjk] edcjksa dh j{kk fd;s tkus ds vusd vf/kÑr mnkgj.k gSaA,slk blfy;s gS fd] ;k rks e`r O;fä ds vFkok nwljs O;fä;ksa ds fopkj brus dBksj Fks fd] mUgksausokLro esa] ,DVksIykTe (ectoplasm)84 dh 'kDy cuk nhA Qjkvks ds fnuksa esa] felzh yksx] Qjkvksvksadh eyge yxh yk'k dks nQukrs Fks] ijUrq os ijkdk"Bk okys mik; dke esa ysrs Fks] rkfd mudhfopkj vkÑfr] gtkjksa lky ckn “h] thoar gks ldsA os xqykeksa dks ;g dgrs gq, fd] ;fn mUgksausvko';d inkFkksZ dks ejus ij muds lkFk j[kk] ftuds lkFk ,d Bksl fopkj vkÑfr cukuh gS] osijyksd esa nq[k&nnZ ls vkjke ik;saxs] xqykeksa dks d"Vnk;d rjhds ls] /khes&/khes xqyke cukrs FksAiqjkrkfRod vfÒys[kksa us] yEcs le; rd] bu “qrgk phtksa dks v©j dcz ds vfÒ'kkiksa dks] cpk djj[kk gS v©j ;s lkjh phtsa iwjh rjg LokÒkfod] ,dne lkekU; fu;eksa ds ifj.kke gSaA ^^ek= FkksM+s lsvH;kl ds lkFk] fopkj vkÑfr fdlh “h O;fä ds }kjk cukbZ tk ldrh gS ijUrq lqcg lcls igysvius fopkjksa ds vPNs gksus ij /;ku dsfUær djuk iM+sxk D;ksafd] ;fn rqeus cqjh vkÑfr cukbZ] rksfo'oLr :i ls ;s fopkj vkÑfr] iyV dj rqe ij gh okj djsxh v©j 'kk;n] “©frd :i esa]ekufld :i esa vFkok lw{e 'kjhjh voLFkkvksa esa] rqedks dBksjre {kfr igqWpk;sxhA^^

vxys dqN fnu O;Lr Fks] ikjxeu (transit) ohtk ysuk Fkk] vafre rS;kfj;kWa djuh Fkha] phtksadks cka/kuk Fkk v©j 'kaÄkbZ esa okil “stuk FkkA esjk fØLVy lko/kkuhiwoZd iSd fd;k x;k v©j eq>s“fo"; ds mi;ksx ds fy, ogkWa okil “stk x;k] ,sls gh] esjs phuh dkxtkr] dkxtkr ftUgas] la;ksxls] vc vusd mÙkjnk;h O;fä ns[k pqds gSaA esjk O;fäxr lkeku] diM+ksa dk ,d lwV v©j cnyusds fy, vko';d vaMjfo;j] ftls eSaus ,dne U;wure j[kkA vc fdlh vf/kdkjh ds Åij fo'okl udjrs gq,] eSaus gj pht dh] ikliksVZ] fVfdV] esMhdy lfVZfQdsV v©j gj pht dh] QksVks çfr;kWacuk yha FkhaA ^^D;k rqe eq>s fonk djus vk jgs gks \** eSaus vius uhxzks nksLrksa ls iwNkA ^^ughaa]** mUgksaustokc fn;kA ^^jax Òsn ds pyrs] gedks ogkWa ikl esa ughaa tkus fn;k tk,xkA**

vafre fnu vk igWqapk] v©j eSa cl ls xksnh dh rjQ x;kA vius NksVs cDls dks fy, gq,]v©j vius fVfdV dks fn[kkrs gq,] esjs lkeus ,d ekax vkbZ fd] esjs ckdh lkeku dgkWa gSa] ftldk

84 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ,DVksIykTe] raækoLFkk esa ek/;e ds 'kjhj esa ls fudyk gqvk ,d inkFkZ ekuk tkrk gSA

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eq>s lkeuk djuk iM+kA ^^;gh lc dqN gS]** eSaus tokc fn;kA ^êSa v©j vf/kd dqN ughaa ys tk jgkgWwaA**

vf/kdkjh nq[kh gksdj ijs'kku gks x;k & v©j lansg esa “hA ^^;gkaW çrh{kk djks]** og cM+cM+k;k]v©j tYnh ls vanj ds dk;kZy; esa x;kA dbZ fefuVksa ds ckn] og ,d vf/kd ofj"B vf/kdkjh dslkFk vk;kA ^^D;k ;gh rqEgkjk lkeku gS] Jheku~ \** u;s vkneh us iwNkA

^^;gh gS**] eSaus tokc fn;kA mlus R;©fj;kaW p<+k dj esjs fVfdVksa dh vksj ns[kk] mUgsa iqLrdksa esa fy[kh xbZ çfof"V;ksa ds

fo:) feyk;k] tkaWp fd;k v©j rc esjs fVfdV v©j fdrkc ds lkFk y©VkA nl fefuV ckn ogcgqr ijs'kku fn[krs gq, okil vk;kA esjs fVfdV v©j nwljs dkxtkr eq>s nsrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^;scgqr vfu;fer gS] “kjr tk jgs gks v©j dksbZ lkeku ughaa]** vius flj dks fgykrs gq,] og eqM+ x;kAigys okys DydZ us bl iwjs ekeys ls vius gkFkksa dks /kks ysuk] yxÒx r; dj fy;k Fkk D;ksafd ogeqM++++ +dj pyk x;k v©j tc eSaus mlls tgkt dh fLFkfr dh tkudkjh pkgh] mlus dksbZ tokc ughaafn;kA var esa] eSaus vius gkFk ds u, dkxtksa dh vksj ns[kk v©j ns[kk fd] ,d cksfMZax dkMZ gS] ftlesalÒh vko';d tkudkfj;kaW nh xbZ gSaA

eq>s tgkt ds cxy dh rjQ] yach nwjh rd pyuk Fkk v©j tc eSa igqWapk] eSaus iqfylesu dksogkWa Äwers gq, ijarq lko/kkuh iwoZd ;kf=;ksa dks fuxjkuh djrs gq, ns[kkA eSa vkxs pyk] vius fVfdVfn[kk;s v©j tgkt ij p<+us okys ydM+h ds r[rs (gangplank) dh vksj pykA ,d ÄaVk ;k bldsckn] nks vkneh esjs dsfcu esa vk, v©j iwNk fd] esjs ikl lkeku (luggage) D;kas ughaa gSA ^îjarq esjsfç; vknfe;ks]** eSaus dgk] ^êSa lksprk Fkk fd] ;s Lora= yksxksa dk ns'k gS \ eSa D;ksa lkeku ds lkFkmy>wWa \ eSa D;k ys tk jgk gWwa] fuf'pr :i ls ;s esjk ekeyk gS \** og /khjs&/khjs cksyk v©j“quÒquk;k] v©j mlus dkxtksa ds lkFk NsM+[kkuh dh v©j dgk] ^^Bhd gS] gesa ;s lqfuf'pr djuk gSfd] lÒh phtsa Bhd&Bkd gSaA DydZ us lkspk fd] pwafd rqEgkjs ikl dksbZ lkeku ughaa gS] rqe U;k; ls“kx jgs gksA og “h bls lqfuf'pr djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA**

eSaus vius lanwd dh vksj b'kkjk fd;kA ^êq>s tks pkfg, oks lc ;gkWa gS( ;s eq>s “kjr rd ystk,xk( “kjr esa eq>s nwljk lkeku fey tk,xkA** og FkksM+k vkjke esa eglwl gqvk] ^^vkg! rks rqEgkjknwljk lkeku “kjr esa gS \ rc fQj] lc Bhd gSA** tc eSaus lkspk] ^^gj ckj] dsoy rÒh] tc ;goS/kkfud :i ls gksrk gS] tc esjs ikl os iwjs dkxtkr gksrs gSa] tks ykyQhrk'kkgh ekaxrh gS] tc eSafdlh ns'k esa ços'k djrk gwWa ;k mls NksM+rk gwWa] eq>s ijs'kkuh gksrh gS] eSa [kqn ij eqLdqjk;kA**

tgkt ds Åij thou cgqr lqLr Fkk] nwljs ;k=h] Dykl ds Åij cgqr /;ku nsrs Fks v©j esjsckjs esa tks dgkuh pyh] og Fkh ^^dsoy ,d lanwd**A çFke –"V;k] blus eq>s ekuo lekt ds ckgjdj fn;k] D;ksafd esa bl ns'k ds lkekU; fl)karksa dks Lohdkj ughaa djrk Fkk v©j eSa ,dne vdsykFkk tSls fd] tsy esa dSnh] ijarq ,d cM+s varj ds lkFk fd] eSa py fQj ldrk FkkA nwljs ;kf=;ksadks] muds }kjk cSjs dks cqyk dj] viuh dqflZ;ksa dks eq>ls FkksM+k lk nwj f[kldokrs gq, ns[kuk] ;scgqr vk'p;Ztud yxrk FkkA

ge U;w;kdZ ds canjxkg ls ;k=k 'kq: djds ftczkYVj ds tyMe:e/; (strait ofGibralter) esa x,A “we/;lkxj ds ikj] geus vysDtsaMsfj;k (Alexandria) dks feyrs gq, v©j rciksVZlS;n (Port Said) dh vksj tkrs gq,] Lost ugj (Suez Canal)85 dh vksj tkrs gq,] yky lkxj

85 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % iksVZ lS;n cUnjxkg vkSj Lost dh [kkM+h ds chp] LOkst ugj] leqæ ds ry ds leku] —f=e] ,d ekxhZ; (one way) ty ekxZ gS] tks mÙkj lsnf{k.k dh vksj tkrk gSA felz esa] Lost ugj LFkwel ds vkj ikj vkSj Òwe/; lkxjh; leqæ dks yky lkxj ls tksM+rh gSA ;s ugj] ,f'k;k egk}hi dks vÝhdk egk}hi lsvyx djrh gS rFkk ;wjksi dks if'peh ç'kkUr egklkxj ls gks dj] fgUn egklkxj dks tksM+rh gSA ;s fo'o ds lokZf/kd O;Lrre tyekxksZa esa ls ,d ekxZ gSA nl lky dsle; esa iwjk djus ds ckn] bls 17 uoEcj 1969 dks [kksyk x;k FkkA vk/kqfud ty;kuksa ds }kjk ugj dk vR;f/kd mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g ,VykafVd egklkxjls fgUn egklkxj dks tksM+us dk lcls lLrk vkSj NksVk jkLrk gSA blds if'peh fdukjs dh vksj blds lkFk&lkFk] jsy ykbu vkSj ehBs ikuh dh ugj pyrh gSA Lost

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esa çfo"V gq,A xehZ us eq>s cqjh rjg ijs'kku fd;k] yky lkxj] okLro esa mcy jgk Fkk] ijarq var esa;s lekIr gqvk] v©j geus vjc lkxj dks ikj fd;k v©j var esa cEcbZ canjxkg ij vk dj mrjsA'kgj esa] c©) iqtkjh v©j esjs dqN nwljs nksLr Fks] “kjr ls dfyaxiksax tkus dh ;k=k ls igys] eSausmuds lkFk ,d lIrkg xqtkjkA dfyaxiksax lkE;oknh tklwlksa ls v©j laoknnkrkvksa ls iwjh rjg “jkgqvk FkkA u, igWqaps gq, yksx] varghu] laosnughu] ç'u iwNs tkus ds dkj.k] vius thou dks detksjikrs FksA os ç'u] ftudk eSaus dÒh mÙkj ughaa fn;k] ijarq tkjh jgsA eSa D;k dj jgk FkkA nwljs dsekeyksa esa n[ky nsus dh] if'peh yksxksa dh ;s #fp] esjs fy, iwjh rjg jgL; cuh jgh] eSa okLro esa]bls le> ughaa ldkA

eSa dfyaxiksax ls ckgj tkrs gq, v©j vius ns'k frCcr esa tkrs gq,] cgqr [kq'k FkkA esjh ogkWaçrh{kk dh tk jgh FkhA eSa O;kikfj;ksa ls] v©j mPp ykekvksa ds ,d ny ls] feyk] ftudks eqQfylfÒ{kq (mendicant monks) dgk tkrk FkkA esjk LokLF; rsth ls fxj jgk Fkk v©j yxkrkj]tYnh&tYnh fojke v©j foJke dh vko';drk gksrh FkhA var esa] cgqr yacs le; ckn] dqN nlg¶rksa ds ckn] Ygklk dh ÄkVh dks vuns[kk djrs gq,] ge fgeky; ds ,d ÅWaps LFkku esa]vyx&Fkyx iM+s] ,d ykekeB esa igqWapsA ,d ykekeB] tks bruk NksVk v©j igqWap ds bruk ckgj Fkkfd] phuh lkE;oknh ogkWa igqWapus dh tqjZr “h ughaa dj ldrs FksA

eSaus dqN fnuksa ds fy, foJke fd;kA viuh 'kfä dks FkksM+k lk iqu% çkIr djus ds ç;kl esa]foJke fd;k v©j /;ku fd;kA vc eSa Äj esa Fkk] v©j cjlksa ckn] igyh ckj] çlé FkkA if'pehyksxksa dk NydiV v©j pkyckth eq>s ,d cqjs LoIu ls vf/kd ughaa fn[kkbZ nhA jkstkuk] frCcr esagqbZ ÄVukvksa dks eq>s crkus ds fy, v©j eq>s lquus ds fy,] vknfe;ksa dk ,d NksVk lewg] esjs iklvkrk] tc eSaus mUgsa bl vtuch] [kjkc gekjh lhekvksa ds ckgjh fo'o ds ckjs esa crk;kA

eSa] lq[k v©j 'kkafr çkIr djrs gq,] ifjfpr jLeksfjokt esa lÒh çkFkZukvksa esa 'kkfey gqvkAijarq] fQj “h eSa] ,d vyx lk vkneh Fkk] ,d vkneh tks ejus ds fy, yxÒx rS;kj Fkk v©j ftlsnqckjk thuk FkkA ,d vkneh] ftls vtuch vuqÒoksa ds chp xqtjuk Fkk v©j ftank çkf.k;ksa ds ,dcM+s lewg ds chp fxjuk FkkA fQj “h] ;s bruk vf/kd vuks[kk Fkk \ gekjs n{k iq#"kksa esa ls vusd]bldks thou ds ckn thou] vusdksa thou rd djrs gSaA nykbZ ykek us] ,d u, tUes] uotkr cPpsds 'kjhj dks] vius fy, ysrs gq,] [kqn bls ckj&ckj fd;kA ijarq] varj dsoy ;s Fkk] eSa ,d ç©<+O;fä ds 'kjhj dks ysus okyk Fkk v©j dsoy vge~ gh ughaa] ofYd iwjs 'kjhj dk ,d&,d d.k] mlds'kjhj dks] vius :i esa <kyus okyk FkkA ;|fi eSa bZlkbZ ughaa gwWa] Ygklk esa vius v/;;u esa] eq>sbZlkb;ksa dh ckbcy i<+uh iM+h Fkh v©j blds Åij O;k[;ku lquus iM+s FksA eSa tkurk Fkk fd]ckbfcy esa ,slk dgk x;k gS fd bZlk dk 'kjhj] eSjh v©j tkslsQ ds iq=] ,d ^^lw;Z ds iq= dhvkRek** us vius fy, fy;k Fkk v©j og ckn esa bZlk cukA eSa ;s “h tkurk Fkk fd] bZlkbZ iknfj;ksa us]bZlk dh dqN f'k{kkvksa dks çfrcaf/kr djus ds fy,] 60 bZ- esa ,d lEesyu fd;k FkkA vorkj dksçfrcaf/kr dj fn;k x;k] nwljs ds 'kjhj dks vius fy, ysuk v©j vusd&vusd fo"k;] tks bZlk }kjkcrk, x, Fks] muds lkFk çfrcaf/kr dj fn;s x;sA

eSaus viuh dkWap foghu f[kM+fd;ksa esa ls] dkQh uhps] Ygklk ds 'kgj dks ns[kkA ;s vuqÒodjuk dfBu Fkk fd] Ä`f.kr lkE;oknh] ogkWa çÒkjh FksA vÒh rd] os vk'p;Ztud ok;nksa ds }kjk]u©toku frCcfr;ksa ds Åij fot; ikus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA geus bls] ^^eq[k esa jke cxy esa

ugj dk j[k j[kkc] Lost ugj vf/kdj.k (SCA)] felz] ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ogh bldk LokfeRo j[krk gSA O;kikfjd ty;kuksa dks] bls ;q)dky esa vkSj'kkfUrdky esa] fcuk fdlh ÒsnÒko ds] leku :i ls mi;ksx djus dh vuqefr gSA vxLr 1994 esa] bldks pkSM+k djus vkSj foLrkfjr djus] dk dk;Z çkzjEÒ fd;k x;k]ftlls ,d fnu esa xqtjus okys tgktksa dh la[;k 49 ls c<+ dj 97 gks xbZA ubZ Lost ugj us] ftls 6 vxLr nks gtkj iUæg dks vkokxeu ds fy;s pkyw fd;k x;k]bldks nwuk dj fn;k gSA xqtjus okys ty;kuksa }kjk fn;k x;k dj (toll tax)] felz dh ljdkj dh vk; dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gSA

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Nqjh** ;k ^^pkdw ds Åij 'kgn yxkuk** dgk] ftlus ftruk T;knk 'kgn pkVk] mruk gh tYnhmldks rh[kk pkdw dkV nsxkA phuh lsuk;sa] ikxkZs dfyax (Pargo Kaling) dh lqj{kk esa [kM+ha FkhaAphuh lsuk;sa] gekjs iqjkus /keZ ds Åij migkl djrs gq,] rkuk ekjrs gq,] gekjs eafnjksa ds ços'k}kjksaij [kM+h Fkha] tSls fd if'peh fo'o esa gM+rky ds le;] mls Äsjk tkrk gSA fÒ{kqvksa dk viekufd;k tk jgk Fkk] gkFkkikbZ rd dh tk jgh Fkh v©j fui<+ fdlku v©j xM+fj;ksa dks oSlk gh djus dsfy,] çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk FkkA

ge ;gkWa] lkE;okfn;ksa ls lqjf{kr Fks] yxÒx bl u p<+ ldus ;ksX; pêku ds Åij lqjf{krAgekjs vklikl dk iwjk {ks=] xqQkvksa }kjk e/kqeD[kh ds NÙks dh rjg ls “jk gqvk Fkk] v©j ogkaWmrkoyh esa cuk;k x;k] dsoy ,d gh jkLrk Fkk] tks Äwe fQj dj] pêku ds fdukjs ls gksrk gqvk]tgkWa ls] ek= ,d ckj fxj tkus ls] tks fQly dj fxjs rks ,d gtkj QqV uhps fxj dj ejuk ghgksrk FkkA ;gkaW] [kqys esa lkgl dk dke djrs gq,] geus “wjs jax ds pksxs igus] tks pêku ds jax lsfeyrs tqyrs FksA “wjs pksxs] tks gesa phuh yksxksa dh fuxkg ls] muds }kjk f}us=h nwjchu (binocular)ç;ksx djrs gq, ns[ks tkus ij] cpkrs FksA

dkQh nwjh ij] eSa losZ{k.k ;a=ksa] [kM+s o iM+s dks.k ukius ds ;a=ksa (theodolites) ds lkFk v©jukius okyh NfM+;ksa (measuring sticks) ds lkFk phuh fo'ks"kKksa dks ns[k ldkA os tehu ij[kwafV;k xkM+rs gq,] viuh fdrkcksa esa çfof"V;kWa djrs gq,] phafV;ksa dh rjg jsaxrs FksA ,d fÒ{kq] ,dlSfud ds lkeus ls gksdj xqtjk] phuh us jk;Qy ds cksuV ls fÒ{kq dh Vkax ds Åij pksV ekjhAchl xquk vko/kZu djus okyh f}us=h nwjchu & esjk ,d foykl] ftls eSa yk;k Fkk] ls eSa [kwu dh/kkj dks v©j phuh ds psgjs ij] nq[k esa çlé gksus okyh vkbZ eqLdku dks] ns[k ldkA iksVkyk ds xoZdks v©j esjs [kqn ds pkdiksjh dks crkrs gq,] ;s dkWap vPNs FksA esjs flj ds ihNs dqN pht pedh]dqN pht “wyh tk jgh FkhA eSaus fQj ls f}us=h nwjchu dks Qksdl fd;k v©j nqckjk ns[kkA liZeafnj >hy ds ikuh ds Åij] dqN ughaa fgykA Ygklk dh xfy;ksa esa dksbZ dqÙks] dqN ughaa [kksn jgs Fks]dpjs ds <jksa esa ls dqN ughaa lwaÄ jgs FksA dksbZ taxyh fpfM+;kWa ughaa] dksbZ dqÙks ughaaA eSa vius cxy esa[kM+s fÒ{kq dh vksj eqM+kA ^^dE;qfuLVksa us [kkus ds fy, lcdks ekj Mkyk FkkA lkE;oknh dgrs Fks] dqÙksfdlh dke ds ughaa Fks] blfy, mudks [kkuk ughaa feyuk pkfg,] ijarq os nwljksa dk [kkuk cuus dhlsok dj ldrs FksA fdlh dqÙks ;k fcYyh dks ;k fdlh “h çdkj ds ikyrw tkuoj dks ikyuk]vc ;s ,d vijk/k FkkA** eSaus “;Òhr gks dj fÒ{kq dh vksj ns[kkA ikyrw tkuoj dks j[kuk ,dvijk/k! lgt Òko ls eSaus fQj pkdiksjh dh vksj ns[kkA

^^gekjh fcfYy;ksa dk ;gkaW D;k gqvk \** eSaus iwNkA ^^lc ekj nh xbZa v©j [kk yh xbZa]** mÙkj FkkAeSaus nq%[k dh vkg “jh v©j lkspk] ^^vksg ;fn eSa ykssxksa dks lkE;okn ds ckjs esa lR; crk

ldwWa] rks os okLro esa] yksxksa ds lkFk fdl çdkj dk O;ogkj djsaxsA le>ks fd] if'peh yksx ghbrus xyr dke djus esa fgpfdpkus okys ughaa gksrsA

eSaus fÒ{kqf.k;ksa ds leqnk; ds Åij lkspk] ftuds ckjs esa eSaus ,d mPp ykek ls lquk Fkk] tksviuh ;k=k ij] ,dek= thfor jgus okyh fÒ{kq.kh ls] gky gh esa feyk Fkk v©j ftlus viuh ckgksa esaej tkus ls igys] mldh dgkuh dks lquk FkkA mldh fÒ{kqf.k;ksa dk leqnk;] mlus mls crk;k] phuhlSfudksa ds taxyh nLrs }kjk vfrØfer fd;k x;k FkkA mUgksaus ifo= phtksa dks vifo= dj fn;k Fkkv©j mu lc phtksa dks pqjk fy;k Fkk] tks dherh gks ldrha FkhaA cw<+h v©j ofj"B] mUgksaus mldks uaxkdj fn;k Fkk v©j mldks Äh yxk dj eyk FkkA rc mUgksaus mldks ftank tyk fn;k v©j gWals v©jmldh ph[kksa ds lkFk] tksj ls] vkuan ds lkFk fpYyk,A var esa] cspkjh dkyh iM+ xbZ mldh yk'k

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tehu ij 'kkar iM+h jgh] v©j ,d lSfud us] ;g fuf'pr djus ds fy, fd og ej pqdh gS] mlds'kjhj dh iwjh yackbZ esa] cksuV Äqlk&Äqlk dj ns[kk A

cw<+h fÒ{kqf.k;ksa dks uaxk fd;k x;k v©j muesa yky rirs gq, yksgs ds lfj;s Äqlk, x,]ftlls os d"V esa ej xbZaA toku fÒ{kqf.kvksa ls] ,d nwljs ds lkeus] gjsd ds lkFk] cykRdkj fd;kx;k] tc rd lSfud MVs jgs] rhu fnu ds “hrj dqN chl ;k rhl ckj cykRdkj gqvkA rc os bl[ksy ls Fkd x,] ;k iwjh rjg pqd x,] D;ksafd rc os mu v©jrksa dh vksj] vafre vf'k"Vrk dsikxyiu esa eqM+sA dqN v©jrksa ds vax dkV fn, x,] dqN dks QkM+ dj [kksy fn;k x;kA fQj “hnwljksa dks] ckgj dVq 'khr esa gh] uaxk djds gkWad fn;k x;kA

fÒ{kqvksa dk ,d NksVk ny] tks Ygklk dh ;k=k dj jgk Fkk] muds ikl vk;k v©j mudsvanj ped jgh thou dh gYdh lh T;ksfr dks tyk, j[kus ds ç;kl esa] v©jrksa dks viuh iks'kkdsansrs gq,] mudh enn djus dh dksf'k'k dhA phuh lkE;oknh lSfudksa us] os “h Ygklk dh vksj tk jgsFks] mu fÒ{kqvksa ds çfr] fu"Bqjrk ds lkFk] bruk [kjkc O;ogkj fd;k fd] mudks fy[k ikuk laÒoughaa gSA mu fÒ{kqvksa dk] cpus dh mEehn ds ijs gn rd] vaxÒax fd;k x;k] mudks uaxk] [kwu cgrsgq,] tc rd fd os [kwu ds cgus ls ej u tk;sa] [kqyk NksM+ fn;k x;kA dsoy ,d v©jr cphFkh( og ,d [kkbZ esa fxj xbZ Fkh v©j çkFkZuk ds >.Mksa ds chp esa] ftudks phfu;ksa us vius p©fd;ksals QVs diM+s ds :i esa Qsad fn;k Fkk] fNi tkus ls cp xbZ FkhA var esa yEcs ds ckn] ykek v©jmudk lg;ksxh csnhlsod (acolyte) ohÒRl –';ksa dh vksj vk, v©j lcus ,d lkFk v©jrksa ds ejrsgq, gksaBksa ls iwjh dgkfu;kaW lquhA

^^vksg! if'peh fo'o dks lkE;okn dk ;g vkrad crkuk]** eSaus lkspk] ijarq tSlk eq>s ckn esairk yxk] if'pe esa] lR; ds laca/k esa] viuh dher ij] dksbZ fy[k ;k ckr ughaa dj ldrkA lÒhvkradksa dks fpduk fd;k tkuk pkfg,] lÒh ds Åij f'k"Vrk dh Nki yxkuh pkfg,A D;k lkE;oknh(communists) ^^f'k"V gSa** tc os cykRdkj djrs gSa] vax Òax djrs gSa ;k ekj nsrs gSa \ ;fn if'peds yksx bu lc ckrksa dks muls] ftUgksaus ihM+k >syh gS] lPpkbZ dks lqusaxs] rks os okLro esa] viusvkidks ,sls vkradksa ls cpk;saxs] D;ksafd lkE;okn] dSalj dh rjg ls diVh gS] v©j tcfd yksx ;slkspus ds fy, rS;kj gSa fd] ;s “;kud pyu] ,d nwljh çdkj dh jktuhfr ek= gS] rks ogkWa okLroesa] nqfu;kWa ds yksxksa ds fy, [krjk gSA ,d ihfM+r ds :i esa] eSa dgwWaxk fd] & yksxkas dks NikbZ esav©j fp=ksa esa ¼dksbZ ckr ughaa] ;s fdruk “h “;kud D;ksa u gks½ fn[kkvksA ^^yksgs ds ijnksa (ironcurtains) ds ihNs D;k py jgk gSA

tc eSa bu phtksa ds Åij euu dj jgk Fkk] v©j vfu;fer:i ls vius lkeus ds ifj–';dh tkaWp dj jgk Fkk] ,d cw<+k vkneh >qdk v©j ,d NM+h ds lgkjs pyrs gq,] esjs dejs esa çfo"VgqvkA mlds psgjs ij dM+h ihM+k dh js[kk,sa Fkha] v©j mldh gfì;kWa fo'ks"k :i ls ckgj fudyha gqbZaFkha] dsoy peM+h ds }kjk dlh gqbZ] eqj>kbZ gqbZ [kkyA eSaus ns[kk fd og va/kk Fkk] eSa mldh ckWagidM+us ds fy, mBkA mldh vkWa[kksa ds xÔ++s] xqLls ls] yky Nsnksa dh rjg] ped jgs Fks v©j mldhpky vfuf'pr Fkh] tSlh fd u, va/ks dh gksrh gSA eSaus mls vius ikl fcBk;k] v©j ;s lksprs gq,gYds ls mldk gkFk idM+k] fd bl vfrØfer ns'k esa] vc gekjs ikl dqN “h ughaa gS] ftllsbldh ihM+k dks ÄVk;k tk lds v©j bldh lwth gqbZ vkWa[kksa ds xÔ++ksa ds nnZ dks] dqN de fd;k tkldsA

og /©;ZiwoZd eqLdqjk;k v©j mlus dgk] ^^rqe esjh vkWa[kksa ds Åij vk'p;Z dj jgs gks] “kbZAeSa vius ,d ifo= LFkku ij n.Mor~ djrk gqvk] vius ifo= ekxZ ij FkkA eSa vius iSjksa ij [kM+kgqvkA eSaus VdVdh yxkbZ] iksVkyk dks ns[kk v©j nqÄZVuko'k mlh le;] ,d phuh vf/kdkjh esjh

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vkaW[k dh lh/k esa FkkA mlus vfÒ;ksx yxk;k fd] eSa nqÒkZoukiwoZd mldks utj cka/k dj ns[k jgk Fkk]eSa mlds Åij geyk djrk gqvk fn[k jgk FkkA eq>s ,d jLls ls dkj ds lkFk cka/k fn;k x;k v©jeSnku esa [khapk x;kA ogkaW n'kZdksa dks bdÎk fd;k x;k] v©j muds lkeus esjs vkWa[ksa [kksnh xbZa v©jckgj fudky dj esjs Åij Qsad nha xbZaA esjs 'kjhj esa] tSlk rqe fuf'pr :i ls ns[k ldrs gks]reke v/kÒjs gq, Äko gSaA eq>s ;gkWa nwljksa ds }kjk yk;k x;k v©j vc eq>s] ;gkWa rqEgkjk vfÒuanudjrs gq, [kq'kh gks jgh gSA**

tc mlus viuh iks'kkd dks [khap dj [kksyk] eSa vkrad ls /kd jg x;k D;ksafd] ft/kj lsmldks lM+d ij ÄlhVk x;k] mldk 'kjhj] dPpk yky ekal] FkkA eSa bl vkneh dks vPNh rjgtkurk FkkA mlds v/khu csnhlsod ds :i esa] eSaus eu dh phtksa dk v/;;u fd;k FkkA eSa mls rcls tkurk Fkk] tc eSa ykek cuk] D;ksafd og esjs fuokZpdksa esa ls ,d FkkA og mu ykekvksa esa ls ,dFkk] tc eSaus] ml vYi e`R;q dh jLe dks >syus ds fy,] iksVkyk esa dkQh uhps ;k=k dh FkhA vcog esjs cxy ls cSBk Fkk] v©j eSa tkurk Fkk fd] mldh eR;q vc vf/kd nwj ughaa gSA

^^rqeus cgqr ;k=k;sa dh gSa v©j dkQh dqN ns[kk v©j >syk gS]** mlus dgkA ^^vc esjk blthou esa ,d vafre dk;Z gS] ,d vaxzst vkneh ds thou dh] tks vius 'kjhj dks NksM+us ds fy,mRlqd gS] ftls rqe ys ldrs gks] vkdk'k ds vfÒys[kksa dh dqN >yd fn[kkus esa] rqEgkjh enndjukA rqedks dsoy >yfd;kWa fn[kkbZ nsaxh] D;ksafd blesa dkQh ÅtkZ yxrh gS v©j ge nksuksa gh]'kfä esa] dkQh detksj gSaA** og #dk] v©j rc vius psgjs ij ,d gYdh lh eqLdku ds lkFk] mlusdguk tkjh j[kkA ^^;g ç;kl] esjs bl orZeku thou dks lekIr dj nsxk] v©j bl vafre dk;Zds }kjk] eSa mR—"Vrk (merit) çkIr djus ds bl volj dks ikdj çlé gwWaA “kbZ] esjs fy, ;g laÒocukus ds fy, rqedks /kU;oknA tc rqe viuh lw{e'kjhj ;k=k ls ;gkWa y©Vksxs] rks eSa rqEgkjs cxy lsejk gqvk feywaWxkA

vkdk'kh; vfÒys[k (Akashic Records)! ;s Kku dk fdruk vn~Òqr lzksr FkkA ;s fdruknq%[ke; gS fd] yksx bldks [kkstrs ughaa gSaA bldh laÒkoukvksa ds cnys esa] ijek.kq ce ds lkFkNsM+NkM+ djrs gSaA gj pht] tks ge djrs gSa] gj pht] tks gksrh gS] vkdk'k ds Åij vfeV:i lsviuk çÒko NksM+rh gSA ,d uje ek/;e86] tks æO; ds vanj “h Äqlk jgrk gSA tc ls i`Foh cuh]rc ls blds Åij pyh xbZ gj pky] bu vfÒys[kksa esa miyC/k gS] ftls vko';d çf'k{k.k ds lkFk]ns[kk tk ldrk gSA mu yksxksa ds fy,] mudh [kqyh vkWa[kksa ls] fo'o dk bfrgkl muds lkeusgSA ,d iqjkuk “fo"; dFku dgrk gS fd] bl 'krkCnh ds var esa] oSKkfud] vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa dks]vius bfrgkl dks] ns[kus esa l{ke gksaxsA ;s tkuuk #fpdj gksxk fd] fDy;ksik=k (Cleopatra)87

86 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % foKku esa bl ek/;e dks dkYifud bZFkj (Hypothetical ether) dgrs gSa] blds vfLrRo dk dksbZ çek.k ughaa gS ijUrq rjax ds pyus dsfy;s ,d iw.kZ çR;kLFk] loZO;kih ek/;e dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ftldh iwfrZ ;g dkYifud ek/;e djrk gSA

87 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fDy;ksik=k VII fQyksisVj] ¼69 bZlk iwoZ ls 12 vxLr 30 bZlk iwoZ rd½] ftls bfrgkl eas dsoy fDy;ksik=k ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] felz dhvafre lfØ; Qjkgks FkhA mlds jkT; ds ckn] felz] ml le; LFkkfir gq, u, jkseu lkezkT; dk] ,d jkT; cu x;kA bldk ,d iq= fltsfj;u (Caesarion) FkkAfDy;ksik=k rksysekbd (Ptolamaic) jktoa'k dh lnL; Fkh]] ftlus felz ij] fldUnj egku dh eR;q ds ckn] jkT; fd;kA rksyseh yksxksa us ges'kk vius jkT;dky esa xzhldh Òk"kk cksyh vkSj felzh Òk"kk cksyus ls euk dj fn;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd] felzh vkSj xzhl nksuksa Òk"kk,a] jkT; ds U;k;ky;hua nLrkostksa esa tSls fd jkslsVk LVksu] esa ikbZtkrh gSaA blds foijhr fDy;ksik=k us felzh Òk"kk lh[kus dk ç;kl fd;k Fkk vkSj Lo;a dks ,d felzh nsoh] vkbZfll (ISIS) ds vorkj ds :i esa crk;k FkkA fDy;ksik=kus vius çkjaÒ ds fnuksa esa] vius firk ds lkFk vkSj ckn esa vius ÒkbZ;ksa] rksyseh XIII vkSj rksyseh XIV, ftlds lkFk mlus felzh ijEijkvksa ds vuqlkj fookg fd;k Fkk ]dslkFk jkT; fd;k ijarq var esa] og ,dek= 'kkld cu xbZA 'kkld ds :i esa mlus T;wfyV lhtj ds lkFk laaca/k cuk,] blls jktx–h ij ls mldh idM+ fQly xbZAckn essaa mlus vius iq= lhtsfj;u dks lhtj ds lkFk] lg&'kkld ds :Ik esaa ukfer fd;kA 12 vxLr 30 bZlk iwoZ dks mldh eR;q gqbZA blds laca/k esa nks dkj.k] le>stkrs gSa( ;k rks mldh gR;k djkbZ xbZ vFkok mlus vius c{k ij tgjhys ukx }kjk Mlok dj vkRegR;k dhA fDy;ksik=k dk uke] xzhl uke fDy;ksik=k] ls O;qRié gqvkgS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^firk ls feyh gqbZ ÒO;rk* vFkkZr~ ^^og] ftldk firk ÒO; gSA** fDy;ksik=k dh eka ds laca/k esa tkudkjh vçkIr gSA

çkphu fo'o esa] fDy;ksik=k dks mlds vR;Ur :iorh gksus ds dkj.k] tkuk tkrk FkkA tc og NksVh yM+dh gh Fkh vkSj çse ds ekeyksa esa vuqÒoghu] ijarqog ,UVksuh (Antony) ls rc feyus tk jgh Fkh] tc vkSjrksa dh lqUnjrk muds pje lhek ij gksrh gSaA mldks vk'kk Fkh fd] og ,UVksuh dks vius pj.kksa esa >qdk ysxhD;sakafd] lhtj isEih mlls ifjfpr FkkA ,UVksuh ds lkFk mlds nks tqM+oka iq=] fDy;ksik=k Lysus II (Cleopatra Sclene II) rFkk ,ysDtsaMj gSfy;ksl (AlexanderHelios) iSnk gq,A okLro esa] dqy feyk dj] mldh lqUnjrk vrqyuh; ugha Fkh] fQj Òh fDy;ksik=k] viuh fouksnfç;rk] Nfo vkSj Loj dh e/kqjrk ds dkj.ka vkd"kZd FkhA

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us ,aFkksuh (Anthony) ls] okLro esa] D;k dgk Fkk] v©j Jheku~ XysMLVksu (Gladstone) dh çfl)fVfIif.k;kWa D;k FkhaA esjs fy,] esjs vius vkykspdksa dk psgjk ns[kuk] tc os x/ks Fks] tc mUgsa ;sLohdkj djuk iM+sxk fd] eSaus dqy feyk dj lR; fy[kk Fkk] ,d çlérk nk;d pht gksxh] ysfdudgus esa nq%[k gksrk gS] fd rc ogkWa bls ns[kus ds fy,] dksbZ ughaa gksxkA

ijarq ;s vkdkf'kd vfÒys[k] D;k ge vf/kd Li"V:i ls bldh O;k[;k dj ldrs gSa \ gjpht tks gksrh gS] ek/;e ds Åij] tks gok esa “h Äqlk jgrk gS] Lo;a dk ^^çÒko** Mkyrh gSA ,dckj dksbZ /ofu gqbZ] ;k dksbZ dk;Z çkjaÒ fd;k x;k] ;s ges'kk ds fy, ogkWa ¼ekStwn½ gSA mfprmidj.kksa dh lgk;rk ls] dksbZ “h bls ns[k ldrk gSA bls çdk'k ds :i esa] vFkok daiuksa ds :iesa] ftls ge çdk'k ;k –f"V dgrs gSa] ns[kk tk ldrk gSA çdk'k] ,d fuf'pr osx ls pyrk gSAtSlk fd gj oSKkfud tkurk gS] og jkr esa mu rkjksa dks ns[krk gS] tks vc vfLrRo esa ughaa gSaAmuesa ls dqN rkjs bruh nwj gSa fd] muls vkus okyk og çdk'k] ge rd igqWap jgk gS] tks i`Foh ijvkus ls igys] mlds ogkWa gksus ij 'kq: gqvk FkkA gekjs ikl ;s tkuus dk dksbZ rjhdk ughaa gS fd]og rkjk nl yk[k lky igys] ;k ,sls gh dqN le; igys] ej pqdk gS] D;ksafd çdk'k vc “h]'kk;n yk[kksa lky ckn rd “h] ge rd igWqaprk jgsxkA fdlh dks /ofu dk /;ku fnykuk vklkugksxkA ge rfM+r dh ped ns[krs gSa v©j mldh vkokt mlds dqN le; ckn lqurs gSa] ;s /ofu dheanxfr ds dkj.k gksrk gS] fd gesa ped ns[kus ds dqN le; ckn] mldh vkokt lqukbZ nsrh gSA ;sçdk'k dh eanrk gS] tks fdlh midj.k dks ^^Òwrdky** dks ns[kus ds fy, laÒo cuk nsrh gSA

;fn ge blh le; fdlh xzg ij tk,as] tks dkQh nwjh ij gS v©j tgkWa ls çdk'k dks gerd igqWapus esa ,d lky yxrk gS] rks ge tSls gh ;gkWa ls NksM+saxs] ge ml çdk'k dks ns[ksaxs] tks ogkWals ,d lky igys 'kq: gqvk gksxkA ;fn gekjs ikl] dksbZ dkYifud pht] vfr 'kfä] vfrlaosnu'khyrk okyk nwjn'khZ tSlk dqN gS] tks i`Foh ds fdlh LFkku ij Qksdl dj ldrk gks] rks xzgls ge] i`Foh ds ml –'; dks ns[ksaxs] tks ,d lky iqjkuk gksxkA pyus dh lkeF;Z fn, tkus dslkFk] gekjs vPNs ls vPNs nwjn'khZ] bruh nwj fLFkr ,d xzg ij] tgkWa ls i`Foh rd çdk'k vkus esanl yk[k o"kZ yxrs gSa] ogkWa ls ge i`Foh dks ,slk ns[ksaxs] tSlh fd ;g nl yk[k o"kZ igys FkhAdkQh nwj v©j vkxs tkus ij] okLro esa] var esa] ge ,sls LFkku ij igqWapsaxs] tgkWa ls ge i`Foh dkstSlh og tUe ds le; Fkh] ns[k ldsaxs v©j lw;Z dks “hA

vkdk'kh; vfÒys[k] gedks ;s lc djus ds fy, l{ke cukrs gSaA fo'ks"k çf'k{k.k ds }kjk geyksdkarj esa tk ldrs gSa] tgkWa le; v©j vkdk'k nksuksa dk gh vfLrRo ughaa gS v©j tgkWa cnys esanwljs vk;ke] budk LFkku ys ysrs gSa rc dksbZ “h lc dqN ns[krk gSA nwljs le; v©j nwljs vk;keksadks “h \ Bhd gS] ,d ljy mnkgj.k ds :i esa] eku yks fd] fdlh ds ikl ,d ehy yack] ,diryk /kkxk] ;fn vki pkgsa rks flykbZ dk /kkxk gSA ,d vkneh dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ijtkuk gSA tSlk i`Foh ij gS] ge #bZ ds /kkxs ij gksdj ughaa tk ldrs v©j u gh mldh ifjf/k ijgks djA fdlh dks “h] lrg ds Åij gks dj] ,d ehy nwj tkuk gksxk] v©j rc og nwljh rjQ

mls viuh çfrÒk ds fy, Òh tkuk tkrk gSA og de ls de] ukS Òk"kk,a cksy ldrh Fkha vkSj mls nqÒkf"k;s dh vko';drk dÒh ugha gqbZA

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igqWapsxk] nwljk ,d ehyA ;k=k yach gSA lw{e 'kjhj ls] ge lh/ks vanj Äql dj] tk ldrs gSaAvkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa ls gks dj xqtjus dk] ,d vR;ar ljy mnkgj.k gS] ;fn dksbZ mls tkurk gksA

vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa dk mi;ksx] xyr mís';ksa ds fy, ughaa fd;k tk ldrkA bls ,slhlwpuk çkIr djus ds fy, mi;ksx esa ughaa yk;k tk ldrk] tks nwljksa ds fy;s gkfudkjd gks v©j ugh fo'ks"k O;oLFkk ds fcuk] dksbZ dqN ns[k ldrk gS vFkok fdlh ds futh ekeyksa ds Åij ppkZ djldrk gSA dksbZ okLro esa] mu phtksa dh] tks Bhd ls bfrgkl ds çdj.k gSa] ns[k v©j ppkZ djldrk gSA vc] eSa fdlh nwljs ds futh thou dh >yfd;ksa dks ns[kus tk jgk Fkk] v©j var esa]eq>s ;s fu'p; djuk iM+k( D;k eq>s bl O;fä ds 'kjhj dks] vius foLFkkiu ds :i esa ysuk pkfg, \esjk 'kjhj cgqr rsth ls fxj jgk Fkk] v©j vius fuf'pr fd, x, dk;Z dks iwjk djus ds fy,] mldslkFk ca/kus ds fy,] eq>s ,d nwljk 'kjhj ysuk Fkk] tc rd fd] eSa vius ,d&,d d.k dks mlls ucny ywWaA

eSaus Lo;a dks O;ofLFkr fd;k v©j va/ks ykek ds cksyus dk bartkj fd;kA

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v/;k; vkB

/khes ls] ÅaWph pksfV;ksa ds pedhysiu dh :i js[kkvksa dks pedkrs gq,] lw;Z igkfM+;ksa dh nwjJ`a[kyk ds ihNs MwckA gYdh /kqa/kyh >kxnkj /kkjk] ÅWaps&ÅWaps daxwjksa ls vkrs gq, ean çdk'k dks] v©jvla[; jaxksa dh Nkiksa dks] tks 'kke dh ueZ gok v©j vfuf'prrkvksa ds lkFk] fgy jgha Fkha] cny jghaFkha] idM+ jgha FkhaA xgjs cSaxuh jax dh ijNkb;ksa us] jkr ds çkf.k;ksa dks] tks [ksyus ds fy, vk jgsFks] Qwyksa esa ls pqjk fy;kA /khes&/khes] ÅWaps] v©j ÅWaps] p<+rs gq, tc rd fd] lqugjh Nrksa us vafreped dks ijkofrZr ughaa fd;k] mlds dkQh igys] [kqn dks xgjs va/ksjs esa Mqckrs gq,] e[keyh va/ksjk]iksVkyk ds vk/kkj dh vksj QSy x;kA ,d&,d djds] va/ksjs esa çn'kZu ds fy, j[ks x, dkys vk/kkjds Åij] tSls fd] uxhus ped jgs gksa] çdk'k dh pedsa mÒjhaA

ÄkVh dh ioZrh; nhokjsa] vius ihNs ds çdk'k dks rhozrk esa ÄVkrs gq,] dM+h v©j lh/kh [kM+haFkhaA ;gkWa vius pêkuh Äj esa] tc mlus pêkuh njsZ dks çnhIr fd;k] geus <yrs gq, lw;Z dh gYdhlh >yd ik;hA rc ge “h va/ksjs esa vk x,A gekjs fy, dksbZ jks'kuh ughaa] gesa iwjs vH;kj.; ds>qByk nsus ds Mj ls euk dj fn;k x;k FkkA tc ge /kks[ks ls vfrØfer fd, x, vius ns'k dksutj x<+k dj ns[k jgs Fks] jkr ds va/ksjs v©j vius fopkjksa ds va/ksjs ds flok;] gekjs fy, dqN “hughaa FkkA

^^ÒkbZ]** va/ks ykek us] ftldh mifLFkfr] eSa vius vçlé fopkjksa ds Åij lksprs djrs gq,]yxÒx “wy x;k Fkk] dgkA ^^ÒkbZ] D;k ge pysa \** ge nksuksa lkFk&lkFk iùklu esa cSBs v©j tks gedjus tk jgs Fks] mlds Åij /;ku fd;kA jkr dh ueZ gokvksa us] ijekuUn esa] /khes ls dqN dgk]v©j ekuks fd ;s] pêkuksa dh nhokjksa v©j daxwjksa ds vklikl] [ksy dj jgh gSa] gekjh f[kM+dh esaQqlQqlkbZaA vçlé djus okys >Vds ds lkFk ughaa] tks cgq/kk ,slh eqfä ds lkFk gksrk gS] va/kk ykek& vc v©j vf/kd va/kk ughaa & v©j eSa] nwljs yksd dh Lora=rk ds vanj] vius ikfFkZo 'kjhjksa lsÅij mBsA

^^nqckjk ns[kuk vPNk gS]** ykek us dgk] ^^D;ksafd tc ,d jks'kuh pyh tkrh gS] rks nwljk[ktkuk fey tkrk gSA** vius tkus igpkus jkLrs ds Åij] ml LFkku rd] ftls geus ^^Le`fr;ksa dkgkWy (hall of memories)** uke fn;k Fkk] ge lkFk&lkFk Åij rSjrs x,A 'kkafr esa ços'k djrs gq,geus ns[kk fd] nwljs yksx] 'kks/k esa] vkdk'kh; 'kks/k esa] yxs gq, Fks] ijarq mUgksaus D;k ns[kk] ;s gekjsfy, Bhd oSls gh v–'; Fkk] tSls fd gekjs –';] muds fy, v–'; jgs gksaxsA

^^ge dgkWa ls 'kq: djsa] “kbZ]** cw<+s ykek us dgkA ^^ge ÄqliSB ughaa djuk pkgrs]** eSaus tokcfn;k] ^^ysfdu gedks ;s ns[kuk pkfg, fd] ftlds lkFk gesa O;ogkj djuk gS] og fdl rjg dkvkneh gSA**

gesa Li"V fn[kkbZ nsus ds fy,] tSls&tSls fp= rh[ks mÒjrs x,] ge yksxksa ds chp] FkksM+h nsjds fy,] 'kkafr jghA ^^vjs (Eek)!** eSa [krjs ls dwnrk gqvk] foLe; ls fpYyk;kA ^^og 'kknh'kqnk gSAeSa bl lEca/k esa D;k d:aW \ eSa czãpkjh fÒ{kq gWwa! eSa blds ckgj vk jgk gwWaA** eSa egku [krjs ds lkFkeqM+k v©j galh ds lkFk fgyrs gq, cw<+s vkneh dh fuxkg us] eq>s jksd fn;kA dqN le; ds fy,] ;svkuan bruk vf/kd Fkk fd] bls dgk ughaa tk ldrkA

^^ÒkbZ] yksclkax]** mlus var esa dgus dh O;oLFkk dh] ^^rqe esjs ÄVrs gq, fnuksa dks] vR;f/kdmRlkg iw.kZ cuk jgs gksA tc rqe cSBs] rqe bruk ÅaWpk mNys] rks eSaus igys lkspk fd] '©rkuksa ds iwjsoxZ us rqEgsa [kk fy;k gSA vc “kbZ] ;gkWa dksbZ leL;k ughaa gS] ijarq igys rqe eq>s] fe=rk iwoZd] viusckjs esa tkaWp djus nksA rqe eq>s if'pe ds ckjs esa] v©j muds vtuch fo'oklksa ds ckjs esa crk jgs

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FksA rc rqEgsa eSa ;g crkÅWa fd] mudh viuh ckbcy ds vuqlkj % ^^fookg lÒh esa vknj.kh; gS**¼fgczwt dk v/;k; 13] 'yksd 4½A ,d ckj fQj] mls galh dk n©jk iM+k] v©j vf/kd vlarks"k dslkFk eSaus mldks ns[kk fd] tc rd fd og Fkd dj] blls iwjh rjg ls #d u tk,] mruk T;knkog galrk FkkA

^^ÒkbZ]** tc og l{ke gqvk] mlus dguk tkjh j[kk] ^^tks gesa fn'kk funsZ'k nsrs gSa v©j gesaenn djrs gSa] muds fnekx esa “h ;s FkkA rqe v©j og efgyk] lgpkfjrk dh voLFkk esa ,d lkFkjg ldrs gks] D;ksafd D;k gekjs Lo;a ds fÒ{kq v©j fÒ{kqf.k;kWa] ,d gh Nr ds uhps jgrs gq,]lkFk&lkFk ughaa jgrs \ ge bu ijs'kkfu;ksa dks ughaa ns[ksa] ;s dgkWa ughaa gksrhaA pysa] ge vfÒys[kksa dslkFk esa tkjh j[ksaA**

fny esa vuqÒo dh xbZ vkg ds lkFk] eSaus xwaxsiu ls flj fgyk;kA bl {k.k] 'kCn esjs fy,lhek ds ,dne ckgj FksA ftruk T;knk eSa blds Åij lksprk Fkk] mruk gh de eSa bldks ilandjrk FkkA eSaus] lqugjs çdk'k ds ns'k esa] dgha lq[k ls cSBs gq, vius f'k{kd] ykek feaX;kj M©aMqi dsckjs esa lkspkA esjh vfÒO;aatuk dkyh] v©j T;knk dkyh] gks xbZ gksxh] D;ksafd cw<+s ykek us nqckjkgaluk 'kq: dj fn;kA

var esa] ge nksuksa 'kkar gks x, v©j ,d lkFk vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa dks ns[kus yxsA eSaus mlvkneh dks ns[kk] ftldk 'kjhj] vk'kk dh tkrh Fkh fd] eSa ywaxkA c<+rh gqbZ fnypLih ds lkFk] eSausik;k fd] mlds lthZdy midj.k yxs FksA esjh çlérk ds fy,] ;g Li"V Fkk fd] og fuf'pr :ils tkurk Fkk fd] og D;k dj jgk gS] og ,d l{ke rduhf'k;u Fkk] v©j tSls gh eSaus] ,d ds cknnwljs çdj.k esa] mls O;ogkj djrs gq, ns[kk] eSaus vuSfPNd :i ls vuqeksnu esa viuk flj fgyk;kA

–'; pyrs x, v©j tSls gh ekuks fd ge] ;gkWa “hM+ esa 'kkfey gq,] ge baXySaM esa yanu dk'kgj ns[kus esa l{ke FksA ;krk;kr esa vanj Äqlrh gqbZa v©j ckgj vkrh gqbZa v©j ;kf=;ksa dh egku“hM+ dks ykrh] ys tkrh gqbZa] cM+h&cM+h yky clsa] xfy;ksa esa 'kksj dj jgha FkhaA ,d ukjdh; ph[kv©j 'kksd iw.kZ Øanu QwVk] v©j 'kj.k ds fy,] geus yksxksa dks vatku iFkjhyh bekjrksa esa] tks xfy;ksaesa [kM+h Fkha] fNrjkrs gq, ns[kkA ogkWa yxkrkj] ok;q;kujks/kh xksyksa dh ^^ØEi&ØEi** dh vkokt gks jghFkh v©j ;q)d gokbZ tgkt vkdk'k esa mM+ jgs FksA gokbZ tgktksa esa ls ,d esa ls] vkokt djrs gq,ce fxjs v©j okj cpkus ds fy, ge] lgt “ko ls uhps flj >qdk dj nqcdsA ,d {k.k ds fy,] ogkWafuLrC/k 'kkafr Fkh v©j rc owe (Whoom)! bekjrsa gok esa Nykax “j jgha Fkha v©j /kwy ds :i esa]v©j eycs ds :i esa] uhps fxjhaA

eSa] “ouksa ds ikj] ftls yksx ^^egy** dgrs Fks] ds iwjs Li"V –'; ds lkFk] yanu dh ÅaWphNrksa ds Åij] yksgs ds ,d ÅaWps IysVQkeZ ds Åij] [kM+k gqvk fn[kkbZ fn;kA ,d vdsyk gokbZtgkt] cknyksa esa ls uhps Mwck] v©j baXySaM ds jktk ds Äj ds Åij rhu ce fxjk;sA eSaus viusvklikl ns[kkA vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa ls ns[krs gq,] fdlh eq[; pfj= us tSlk fd;k] oSlk dksbZ ns[krkgS] blfy, cw<s ykek v©j eSaus] nksuksa us ns[kk ekuks ge nksuksa gh eq[; vkÑfr (main figures) FksAeq>s ,slk yxk fd] eSa yanu dh ÅWaph&ÅWaph Nrksa ij QSyh gqbZ] vkx ls “kxus dh rS;kjh esa FkkAeSaus ,slh phtsa igys “h ns[kh Fkha] ijarq eq>s vius lkFkh dks bldk mi;ksx le>kuk iM+kA rc bluseq>s Mqck fn;k] og vkÑfr] ftls eSa ns[k jgk Fkk&gokbZ tgkt dh mifLFkfr dk irk yxk jgh Fkhrkfd] tks yksx uhps gSa] mudks ml vklé [krjs dh] tks mudks Mjk jgk Fkk] psrkouh nh tk ldsA“©aiw (sirens) nqckjk cts] lc lkQ gS] v©j eSaus ns[kk fd] vkneh uhps mrjk v©j mlus vius fljij ls] gokbZ geys ds okMZu ds] LVhy ds Vksi dks gVk fn;kA

,d eqLdku ds lkFk] cw<+k ykek esjh vksj eqM+k] ^^;s cgqr fnypLi gS] if'pe esa] eSaus ÄVukvksa

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dks bl rjg ls ughaa ns[kk] esjh vfÒ#fp;kWa esjs vius ns'k rd gh lhfer jghaA vc eSa le>k fd]tc rqe dgrs gks fd] ^^,d fp= gtkjksa 'kCnksa ls vf/kd dherh gS**] rks blls rqEgkjk D;k vk'k; gSAgesa fQj ns[kuk pkfg,A**

T;ksa gh ge cSBs v©j geus vfÒys[kksa dks ns[kk] geus yanu dh Cysd vkmV dh gqbZ xfy;kasdks ns[kk] eksVj dkjksa dh gsM ykbZVksa esa fo'ks"k çdkj ds <ôu yxk, x, FksA yksx [kacksa ls] v©j ,dnwljs ls Vdjkrs FksA lqjax dh jsyksa (subway trains) ds vanj] os lrg ij vk,sa mlls igys]lkekU; jks'kfu;kWa can dj nh xbZa] v©j mnkl uhys cYc tyk fn, x,A [kksth jks'kfu;ksa(sealights) dh fdj.ksa] dbZ ckj] vkM+ ds fy, yxk, x, xqCckjksa dh cxy ls] “wjh pedrh gqbZ] jkrds vkdk'k esa tkWap dj jgha FkhaA ,dne eksfgr gksrs gq, cw<+s ykek us] xqCckjksa dks ns[kkA lw{e;k=k,saog vPNh rjg le>rk Fkk ijarq] jkr esa] gokvksa esa cSpsuh ls Vgyrs gq,] ÅWaph jLlh ls ca/ks gq,] bu“wjs çkf.k;ksa us] okLro esa] mls vk'p;Zpfdr dj fn;k FkkA eSa Lohdkj djrk gwWa fd] eSaus vius lkFkhds “ko dks mruk gh fnypLi ik;k tSls fd] vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa dksA

geus] ml vkneh dks] jsy ls ckgj fudyrs gq,] tc rd fd og] ¶ysVksa ds ,d cM+s OykWdds ikl ughaa igqWapk] xfy;ksa esa] va/ksjh xfy;ksa esa] pyrs gq, ns[kkA geus mls Äj esa ços'k djrs ns[kkijarq] mlds lkFk ge çfo"V ughaa gq,( bldh ctk, geus ckgj ds O;Lr –'; dks ns[kkA Äj ceckjhls pVd x, Fks] v©j vkneh vÒh “h] thfor cps gq, v©j ejs gq, yksxksa dks <wa<+us ds fy,][kksn&[kksn dj ns[k jgs FksA “©aiqvksa dh fofo/krk us] cpko ds dk;ksZa esa dqN ck/kk MkyhA cgqr Åijgok esa mM+rs gq, ePNjksa dh rjg ls] ySEiksa dh vkM+h&frjNh jks'kuh esa] nq'eu ds ceo"kZd gokbZtgkt idM+ fy, x, FksA ceo"kZdksa esa ls ,d dh pedrh gqbZ jks'kuh us] gekjk mRlqd /;ku [khapk]v©j rc geus ns[kk fd] ;s ^^jks'kfu;kWa** ce Fkha] tks vius jkLrs ij uhps fxj jgs FksA muesa ls ,d]**ÄjÄjkgV (crump)** dh vkokt ds lkFk] ¶ysVksa ds cM+s CykWd ds cxy esa] uhps fxjkA ogkWa ,dthoar ped gqbZ v©j jktxhjh dk lkeku] pwj&pwj gksdj Qqgkjksa ds :i esa uhps fxjkA yksx meM+rsgq,] “ouksa ls ckgj fudys] xfy;ksa dh lansgiw.kZ lqj{kk esa ckgj vk,A

^^ esjs “kbZ] rqe 'kaÄkbZ esa blls T;knk [kjkc ns[k pqds gks \** cw<+s ykek us dgkA^^gkWa cgqr [kjkc]** eSaus tokc fn;kA ^^gekjs ikl dksbZ cpko ughaa Fkk v©j cgqr de lqfo/kk;sa

FkhaA tSlk vki tkurs gSa] eSa ,d fxjrs gq, eycs ds vanj nc x;k Fkk] v©j cgqr dfBukbZ ds lkFkckgj fudyk FkkA**

^^D;k ge] le; esa FkksM+k vkxs pysaxs \** esjs lkFkh us iwNkA ^^gesa varghu:i rd ;s lcns[kus dh vko';drk ughaa gS] D;ksafd ge nksuksa gh LokLF; esa detksj gSaA**

eSa vR;f/kd mRlkg ds lkFk lger gqvkA eSa dsoy ;s tkuuk pkgrk Fkk fd] ;s fdl rjgdk vkneh Fkk] ftlls eSa vius 'kjhj dks cnyus okyk FkkA esjs fy, blesa] fdlh nwljs ds ekeyksa esa]rkd>kad djus esa dksbZ #fp ughaa FkhA ge vfÒys[kksa esa gks dj xqtjs] çk;ksfxd :i ls #ds] v©jfQj pysA lqcg dh jks'kuh ij] vfXu dh vusd yiVksa ds }kjk dhpM+ mNky nh xbZ FkhA jkr dsÄ.Vs udZ FksA ,slk fn[kkbZ fn;k fd] vk/kk yanu vkx dh yiVksa esa ty jgk FkkA og vkneh] eycsls “jh gqbZ xyh esa] ,d xyh ftlds Åij gn ls T;knk ceckjh dh xbZ Fkh] esa py jgk FkkAvLFkkbZ:i ls cuk;h xbZ ,d ukds canh ij] ;q) ds vkjf{kr iqfyl esu us mls jksdkA geus ns[kkfd] çca/k funs'kd ogkWa igqWapk v©j ml vkneh dks] ftlds thou dks ge ns[k jgs Fks] ls dgk] ^^rqeblls vkxs ughaa tk ldrs] Jheku~] bekjrsa [krjukd gSaA** iqfyl ds flikgh dks ,d 'kCn dgrs gq,]mUgksaus jLls ls vius Åij okj dks cpk;k v©j fxjrs gq, “ouksa ds chp ls] lkFk&lkFk pysA VwVs gq,uyksa ls ikuh] iwjs eky ds Åij Qqgkjsa ekj jgk FkkA uy dk dke v©j fctyh ds rkj] ,d Åu dh

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yPNh dh rjg ls] ftlls ekuks fd fcYyh ds cPps us [ksyk gks] vkil esa xqaFk x, Fks v©j lqy>us esavleFkZ FksA ,d lqjf{kr yVdu] ,d cM+s Nsn ds Åij] ,d [krjukd dks.k ls vÒh “h yM+[kM+kjgh FkhA fpFkM+s] nq[kh gks dj gok esa QM+QM+k jgs Fks v©j tys gq, dkxt ds VqdM+s] tyrs gq,dks;ys ds dkty dh rjg ls] gok esa dkyh cQZ dh rjg ls] iM+©l ds “ouksa ls mM+ jgs FksA eSa]ftlus ;q) dks cgqr vPNh rjg ls ns[kk Fkk v©j tks cgqr vPNh rjg ls ihfM+r gqvk Fkk] bl“koukghu fouk'k ds Åij cgqr nq[kh gqvkA ys[ks pyrs x,.......

yanu esa ;q) ds le; esa csjkstxkjh] vkneh us ;q) ds vkjf{kr flikfg;ksa ds :i esa viukuke fy[kkus ds fy, ç;kl fd;kA ç;kl csdkj x;kA mlds fpfdRlk ds dkxtkrksa esa] mls prqFkZJs.kh dk crk;k x;k Fkk] tks lsok ds fy, vuqi;qä FkkA vc] ce fxjus ds chp] mldk jkstxkjfNu tkus ds ckn] dke dh ryk'k esa] og xfy;ksa esa Äwerk jgkA ,d ds ckn ,d] QesaZ mls ysus lseuk djrha jghaA mlds bl dfBukbZ ds le; ds va/ksjs dks pedkus ds fy,] dksbZ vk'kk ughaa fn[kkbZnsrh Fkh] dqN ughaaA

var esa mls] ,d i=kpkj Ldwy esa] ftlesa og i<+k Fkk & v©j viuh ekufld ltxrk v©jm|ksx ls] mudks çÒkfor fd;k Fkk] ,d volj ds ek/;e ls] yanu ds ckgj] vius ;q)dkyhudk;kZy;ksa esa] jkstxkj çLrkfor fd;k x;kA ^^;s ,d lqanj LFkku gS]** ml vkneh us dgk] ftlus ;sçLrko fn;k FkkA ^^gjh js[kk (green line) dh cl ls uhps tkvksA tks (Joe) dks feyks] ogkWa gksxk]ijarq nwljs yksx rqEgkjh ns[kÒky djsaxsA ;k=k ds fy, Jherhth dks ys tkvksA eSa Lo;a “h ;gkWa lsvius vkidks gVkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gwWaA** xkaWo] okLro esa] dwM+k FkkA dksbZ lqanj txg ughaa]mls ,slk ekuus ds fy, dgk x;k FkkA ogkWa gokbZ tgkt cuk, tkrs Fks] mudh ijh{kk dh tkrh Fkh]v©j ns'k ds vU; “kxksa dks “sts tkrs FksA

i=kpkj egkfo|ky; esa thou] okLro esa] uhjl FkkA vkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa dks ns[krs gq,] tgkWard ge mls ns[k lds] QkeksZa dks i<+uk v©j yksxksa ls vk, gq, i=ksa dks i<+uk v©j rc mUgsa lq>konsuk fd] d©u lk ikB~;Øe mUgsa ysuk pkfg,] blesa 'kkfey FkkA esjh [kqn dh] futh jk; Fkh fd] tcrd fd] fdlh ds ikl O;ogkfjd :i ls dke djus dh lqfo/kk;sa u gksa] i=kpkj }kjk v/;;u]okLro esa] iSls dh cckZnh gSA

eksVj lkbdy ds batu dh rjg ls ,d vatku 'kksj esjs dkuksa esa vk;kA tSls gh geus ns[kk],d fo'ks"k çdkj dk gokbZ tgkt] gekjs ifj–'; esa vk;k] gokbZ tgkt ftlesa dksbZ pkyd ;k csM+kughaa FkkA blls f[kapko ;qä] vfu;fer [kkalh tSlh gqbZ v©j batu dV x;k] tgkt uhps Mwck v©jmlesa tehu ls Bhd Åij foLQksV gks x;k ^^;s teZuh dk jkscksV (Robot) gokbZ tgkt Fkk] eSusykek ls dgk] **(V.1)^^ v©j ^^(V.2)** vuvkuUnk;d ekeys fn[krs gSaA** nwljk jkscksV gokbZ tgkt]Äj] ftlesa vkneh v©j mldh iRuh jgrs Fks] ds ikl] Åij vk;kA mlus Äj dh ,d rjQ dhf[kM+fd;ksa dks mM+k fn;k] v©j rÒh nwljh rjQ ckgj dh ,d nhokj QV xbZA

^^muds fe=] dkQh ughaa yxrs] **cw<+s ykek us dgkA ^^esjk [;ky gS muds ikl eu dhlaÒkouk,sa gS] ftUgsa vkdfLed çs{kd vuns[kk dj nsxkA eq>s ,slk yxk fd] os ,d ifr v©j iRuh dhvis{kk] vkil esa “kbZ&cfgu dh rjg T;knk jgrs gSaA esjs “kbZ! blls rqEgsa vkjke feysxk** cw<+s vknehus nch&nch galh ds lkFk dgkA

vkdk'kh; vfÒys[k] ml O;fä dk thou] fopkjksa dh xfr ls fn[kkrs gq,] pyrs x,A gevÒh “h] nwljs fgLlksa dks NksM+rs gq, vFkok nwljh ÄVukvksa dks le;≤ ij ns[krs gq,] ,d lsnwljs fgLls dh vksj py ldrs FksA ml vkneh dks yxk fd] la;ksxksa dh ,d Ja[kyk ÄVh] ftlusfopkjksa dks vf/kd] v©j vf/kd] iwoZ dh vksj Äqek fn;kA ^^LoIuksa us** mlds thou dks frCcr esa

120

fn[kk;k] LoIu] tks okLro esa] cw<+s ykek ds fu;a=.k esa vkdk'kh; ;k=k,sa FkhA ^^gekjh vR;ar NksVhrdyhQksa esa ls ,d** cw<+s vkneh us eq>s crk;k] ^^tc mlus ge esa ls fdlh ds lkFk ckr dh] mlsgekjs fy, ^Lokeh* 'kCn dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg, FkkA**

^^vksg( eSaus tokc fn;k] ;s if'peh ns'kksa }kjk dh tkus okyh lkekU; xyfr;ksa esa ls ,d gS]os fdlh “h uke dk mi;ksx djuk ilan djrs gSa] tks mUgsa nwljksa ds Åij 'kfä çnku djrh gksArqeus mls D;k dgk \**

cw<+k ykek eqLdqjk;k v©j mlus dgk] ^^eSaus mlls ,d NksVh ckr dgh] eSaus “h mls de ç'uiwNus nsus ds fy, gh ç;kl fd;k FkkA eSaus tks dgk] eSa rqEgsa crkÅaWxk] D;ksafd ;s mlds vkarfjdLoÒko dks irk yxkus esa mi;ksxh gSA eSaus dgk% ;s og 'kCn gS tks esjs fy,] v©j lÒh iwoZ okfl;ksa dsfy,] Ä`.kkLin gSA ^Lokeh* dk eryc gksrk gS fd] ,d] nwljs ds Åij] viuk opZLo LFkkfir djukpkgrk gS] mu yksxksa ds Åij viuk opZLo pkgrk gS] tks ^Lokeh* mi;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj ughaaj[krsA ,d Ldwy f'k{kd] vius f'k";ksa dks dqN fl[kkus dk ç;kl djrk gSA gekjs fy, ^Lokeh* dkvFkZ gS] Kku dk Lokeh] Kku dk lzksr vFkok dksbZ og] ftlus bl 'kjhj ds ykypksa ds Åij]LokfeRo çkIr dj fy;k gSA geus& eSaus mls crk;k fd ge] & xq: 'kCn dks] vFkok çoh.k 'kCn dksç/kkurk nsrs gSa] D;ksafd dksbZ “h Lokeh] tSlk fd ge 'kCn dks tkurs gSa] 'kk;n dÒh eqf'dy ls gh]dksbZ vius fo|kFkhZ dks v©j mldh fopkj /kkjk dks çÒkfor djus dk ç;kl djsxkA if'pe esa dqNfuf'pr NksVs lewg v©j lH;rk,sa] ,sls yksx gSa] tks ;s lksprs gSa fd] dsoy muds ikl gh LoxZ ds{ks=ksa dh dqUth gSA ml fuf'pr /keZ] /keZ ifjorZu djkus ds Øe esa] mRihM+u dk ç;ksx djrs gSaAvius ykekeBksa esa ls ,d ds Åij dh xbZ] [kqnkbZ dh uôk'kh (carving) ds Åij eSaus mldks /;kufnyk;k & ^^gtkj fÒ{kq] gtkj /keZA**

^^og eq>s] esjh ckr dks] vPNh rjg ls le>rk gqvk yxk]** cw<+s ykek us dgk] ^^blfy,] xeZyksgs ij pksV djus ds vankt esa] geus mls FkksM+k vf/kd le>us okyk fopkj fn;kA eSaus dgk %“kjresa] phu esa] v©j iqjkus tkiku esa] gksus okyk f'k";] Kku pkgus dh bPNk ds lkFk] vius xq# ds pj.kksaesa cSBrk gS] Kku ikus dh bPNk j[krk gS ijUrq muls ç'u ughaa iwNrk] D;ksafd fo}ku fo|kFkhZblfy;s dÒh ç'u ughaa iwNrk fd] dgha mls “xk u fn;k tk,A xq# ls ç'u iwNuk] ,d fuf'pr]/kukRed] çek.k gS fd] fo|kFkhZ vÒh vius ç'uksa ds mÙkj ikus ds fy, rS;kj ughaa gSA Kku ikus dsfy,] fcuk iwNs] ç'u dk mÙkj ikus ds fy,] dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us] lkr&lkr o"kksZa rd çrh{kk dh gSAbl le; esa fo|kFkhZ] xq# dh lÒh 'kkjhfjd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djrk gS] mlds diM+s /kksrk gS]mldks [kkuk cuk dj nsrk gS] v©j ,slh gh dqN nwljh vko';drk,sa] tks mUgsa gksaA iwjs le;] mldsdku] Kku çkIr djus ds fy,] ltx jgrs gSa D;ksafd] Kku çkfIr ds lkFk gh] 'kk;n] tks nwljksa dksfn;k tk jgk gS] mls lquus ij] fo}ku fo|kFkhZ lek/kku fudky ldrk gS] ifj.kke çkIr dj ldrkgS v©j tc xq#] viuh cqf) esa ;s ns[k ysrk gS fd] fo|kFkhZ viuh çxfr dj jgk gS fd] xq: viusvPNs le; esa] v©j vius lq;ksX; <ax ls fo|kFkhZ dks ç'u iwNrk gS] v©j ;fn og ;g ns[krk gS fd]fo+|kFkhZ esa] tek fd, gq, Kku esa] dqN nks"kiw.kZ vFkok viw.kZ gS] rc xq# fQj vius vPNs le; esa]mu “wyksa v©j dfe;ksa dk lq/kkj dj nsrk gSA**

if'pe esa yksx dgrs gS& ^vc] eq>s ;s crkvksA eSMe CykokRldh (Madam Blavatsky) usdgk gS& fo'ki ysM cSVj (Bishop Ledbetter) dgrk gS& foyh xzkge (Billy Graham) dgrk gS&vki D;k dgrs gSa \& esjk [;ky gS vki xyr gSaA* if'pe ds yksx] dsoy ckr djus ds fy, ç'uiwNrs gSa] os ;s u tkurs gq, fd] os D;k dguk pkgrs gSa] ç'u iwNrs gSa] ;s u tkurs gq, fd] os D;klquuk pkgrs gSa] ijarq tc 'kk;n] ,d Ñikiw.kZ xq# ç'uksa dk mÙkj nsrk gS] fo|kFkhZ rqjar cgl djrk

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gS] ^^vksg Bhd gS] eSaus veqd&veqd dks ,slk dgrs gq, lquk gS vFkok oSlk ;k dksbZ nwljh phtA**^^;fn fo|kFkhZ xq# dks ,d ç'u iwNrk gS] rks mldk eryc ;g gksuk pkfg, fd] fo|kFkhZ

mldk eryc ughaa tkurk gS ijarq og le>rk gS fd xq# tkurk gS] v©j ;fn fo|kFkhZ xq# ds mÙkjds Åij] rqjar ç'u mBkrk gS] rks ;s çnf'kZr djrk gS fd] fo|kFkhZ vKkuh gS v©j ifgys ls gh jk;cuk;s gq, gS v©j ,dne xyr rjhds ds f'k"Vkpkj ds fopkjksa] v©j lkekU; nwljh 'kkyhurkvksa lsigys ls gh “jk gqvk gSA eSa rqels ;s dgrk gwWa fd] vius ç'uksa ds mÙkj ikus dk ,dek= rjhdk gS]vius ç'uksa dks fcuk iwNk (unasked) NksM+ nks] tkudkfj;ksa dks bdÎk djks v©j muds vFkZ v©jifj.kke fudkyks] rc] le; ds ifjiDo gksus ij] o'krZs rqe ân; esa iwjh rjg 'kq) gks] rqe /;ku dsv©j vf/kd 'kk'or rjhdksa ls] vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa dks djus esa l{ke gksxs v©j bl çdkj] rqevkdk'kh; vfÒys[kksa dks ns[kus esa l{ke gks tkvksxs] tks dÒh >wB ughaa cksyrs] dÒh lanÒZ ds ckgjmÙkj ughaa nsrs] v©j viuh dksbZ lykg vFkok O;fäxr >qdkoksa ls jaxh gqbZ] dksbZ lwpuk ughaa nsrsAeuq"; dh ftKklk] ekufld vip ls ihfM+r gksrh gS v©j og] vius mé;u v©j v/;kfRed fodkldks] nq[k ds lkFk] /khek dj nsrh gSA çxfr djus dk ,dek= rjhdk \ çrh{kk djuk v©j ns[kukgksrk gSA nwljk dksbZ rjhdk ughaa gS] vius fodkl dks cy iwoZd ikus dk dksbZ rjhdk ughaa gS] flok;blds fd] xq#] tks rqEgsa vPNh rjg ls tkurk gS] ds Rofjr vkea=.k ij( og xq# rqEgsa vPNh rjg lstkurs gq,] 'khÄz gh rqEgkjs fodkl dks xfr çnku djsxk] ;fn og lksprk gksxk fd] rqe bl yk;dgksA**

eq>s ,slk yxk fd] vf/kdka'k if'peh yksx] bls i<+k;s tkus ls ykÒkafor gksxs ijarq ge ;gkWai<+k ughaaa jgs gSa] ofYd ,d O;fä ds thou ls] çeq[k –';ksa dks] ns[kus ds fy, [kksy jgs gSa] ,dO;fä] tks 'khÄz gh vius ikfFkZo [kksy dks [kkyh dj nsxkA

^^;s etsnkj gS]** vfÒys[k ds ,d –'; dh vksj] esjk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq,] cw<+s ykek usdgkA ^^bls O;ofLFkr djus es dkQh le; yxk] ijarq tc mlus bldh ekax dks ns[kk] mlus dksbZvkifÙk ughaa dhA eSaus mlh my>u esa ml –'; dks ns[kk] rc og esjs Åij vk iM+kA gkaW ( ;s ,dodhy dk dk;kZy; FkkA ;s mlds uke esa ifjorZu dk dkxt FkkA gkWa ;s Bhd Fkk] eq>s ;kn gS]mlus viuk uke cny fy;k Fkk] D;ksafd tks uke mldk iwoZ esa Fkk mlds daiu] tSlk fd gekjsvadks ds foKku (science of numbers) us crk;k] xyr FksA eSaus dkxt dks #fp ds lkFk i<+k v©jns[kk fd] ;|fi ;s dkQh dqN Bhd Fkk ijarq ;s iwjh rjg Bhd ughaa FkkA

;gkWa dkQh dqN >syuk FkkA nar fpfdRld ds ikl tkus us] dkQh uqdlku fd;k] brukuqdlku] ftlls fd mlls fudyokus ds fy,] vkWijs'ku ds fy,] uflZax gkse tkuk iM+kA rduhdhvfÒ#fp dks NksM+ dj] vko';d lko/kkuh ds lkFk] eSaus iwjh fØ;k dks /;ku ls ns[kkA

ml& vkneh] ftlds thou dh ge tkap&ij[k dj jgs Fks& us eglwl fd;k fd] mldkfu;ksäk ykijokg gSA ns[krs gq,] geus “h ,slk gh eglwl fd;k] v©j eSa v©j cw<+k ykek] bl ijçlé Fks fd] ml vkneh us] i=kpkj çf'k{k.k Ldwy esa vius dke dks lekIr djus dk uksfVl nsfn;kA QuhZpj ,d xkM+h ij yknk x;k] mlesa ls dqN csp fn;k x;k] v©j ml vkneh v©j mldhiRuh us] iwjh rjg ls ,d u;s ftys esa tkus ds fy,] ml {ks= dks NksM+ fn;kA dqN le; ds fy,os ,d vutku cw<+h v©jr ds edku esa jgs] tks ^^Òfo";** crkrh Fkh] v©j vius [kqn ds egRo dkvk'p;Z pfdr djus okyk fopkj] mlds ikl FkkA vkneh us jkstxkj çkIr djus dk ç;kl fd;kv©j dfBu ç;kl fd;kA dksbZ “h pht] tks mls bZekunkjh ds lkFk iSlk dekus esa ;ksX; cuk ldsA

cw<+s ykek us dgk] ^^vc ge fu.kkZ;d “kx dh vksj c<+ jgs gSaA tSlk rqe ns[kksxs] og “kX;dks yxkrkj dkslrk gSA mlds ikl /©;Z ughaa gS v©j eq>s Mj gS fd] ;fn geus tYnh ughaa dh rks og

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fgald rjhds ls vius thou dks NksM+ nsxkA**^^vki eq>ls D;k djkuk pkgrs gSa \** eSaus iwNk] ^^vki ofj"B gSa]** cw<+s ykek us dgk] ^îjarq eSa

pkgWwaxk fd] rqe mls lw{e'kjhj ls feyks] v©j ;s ns[kks fd rqEgkjk D;k fopkj gSA**^^fuf'pr:i ls**] esjk çR;qÙkj Fkk] ^^ge lkFk&lkFk pysaxsA** ,d {k.k ds fy,] eSa fopkjksa esa

[kks x;k] rc eSaus dgk] ^^Ygklk esa vÒh lqcg ds nks cts gSaA baXySaM esa bl le;] jkr ds vkB ctsgksaxs] D;ksafd mudk le; gels ihNs pyrk gSA ge rhu ÄaVksa ds fy,] çrh{kk djsaxs v©j rc mlslw{e ;k=k ij ;gkWa yk;saxsA**

^^gkaW**] cw<+s ykek us dgkA og ,d dejs es vdsyk lksrk gS] blfy, ge bls dj ldrs gSaAvÒh ge vkjke djsa] D;kasfd ge Fkds gq, gSaA**

ge] /kqa/kyh rkjksa dh jks'kuh es cxy&cxy esa cSBs gq,] vius 'kjhjksa esa y©VsA Ygklk dhjks'kfu;kWa vc cq>k nha xbaZ Fkha] v©j dsoy fÒ{kqvksa dh cfLr;ksa esa ls gYdh&gYdh ped] v©j phuhlkE;oknh lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa dh p©fd;ksa ls rst jks'kfu;kWa] vk jgh FkhaA gekjh nhokjksa ds ckgj] FkksM+hph[kksa ls [ku[kukrk gqvk NksVk lk >juk] jkr dh 'kkafr ds fo#)] rst vçkÑfrd] fn[kkbZ fn;kAÅij ÅWaps ls] dadM+kas dh gYdh lh c©Nkjksa dh vkokt] tks ÅWaph gokvksa }kjk] ogkWa ls m[kkM+ fn,x, Fks] os mNy dj gesa yxsA <hys] cM+s iRFkjksa us gesa ioZr ds cxy ls uhps dh rjQ /kôkyxk;kA os phuh csjdksa es ls mBrh gqbZ 'kksj dh vkokt dks nckus ds fy, n©M+sA jks'kfu;kWa tyk nhaxbZa] jkbQysa gok esa pykbZa xbZa] v©j Ygklk ds fÒ{kqvksa ds vkØe.k ls Mjrs gq, lSfud pkjksa rjQtaxyhiu esa n©M+sA inpki 'khÄz gh nc x,] v©j jkf= 'kkar Fkh v©j ,d ckj fQj 'kkafrA

cw<+k ykek ujeh ls galk v©j mlus dgk] ^^;s esjs fy, fdruk vk'p;Ztud gS fd] gekjs ns'kds ijs ds yksx] vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa dks ughaa le> ldrsA ;s fdruk vutku gS fd] os lksprs gSafd] ;s ,d dYiuk gSA os ;s ughaa le> ldrs fd] fdlh nwljs ds fy,] fdlh vU; dk vius 'kjhjdks cnyuk] ek= ,slk gS tSls fd] fdlh xkM+h esa] ,d MªkbZoj ds cnys esa] dksbZ nwljk cnyk tk jgkgks \ ;g vlgefriw.kZ yxrk gS fd] vkneh viuh rduhdh méfr ds dkj.k] vkfRed ekeyksa esa va/kktSlk fn[ksA**

eSaus] if'pe ds dkQh vuqÒo ds lkFk mÙkj fn;k] ^îjarq ,d vR;Yi vYila[;dksa dks NksM+dj] if'peh yksx] vk/;kfRed ekeyksa dh {kerk ughaa j[krsA os tks dqN pkgrs gSa og gS( ;q)];©u] ;kruk v©j nwljs ds ekeyksa esa rkd&>kad djus dk vf/kdkjA**

yEch jkf=] p<+rh xbZ] geus vkjke fd;k v©j vius vkidks pk; v©j Rlaik ds lkFk rktkfd;kA var esa] igys çdk'k dh igyh /kqa/kyh fdj.kksa QwVha] tks gekjs ihNs ioZr Ja[kykvksa ds ÅijiM+haA vÒh rd] gekjs iSjksa ds uhps dh ÄkVh] va/ksjs esa Mwch FkhA dgha nwj ,d ;kd us jaÒkuk 'kq:fd;k ekuks fd] ;s igpkurs gq, fd] ,d u;k fnu 'khÄz gh ge ij vk tk,sxkA frCcrh le; dsvuqlkj] lqcg ds ikWap cts FksA eSaus fu.kZ; fd;k fd] baXySaM ds le; ds vuqlkj] yxÒx X;kjg ctsFksA /khes ls] eSaus cw<+s ykek dks] tks gYdk lk muhank Fkk] dksgfu;ksa ls /kfd;k;kA ^^le;] tc gevkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa esa tkuk Fkk] ^êSaus dgkA

^^;s esjs fy, vafre le; gksxk]** mlus tokc fn;k] ^^D;ksafd eSa vius 'kjhj esa okil ughaay©VwWaxkA**

/khes&/khes] tYnh djrs gq, fcYdqy ughaa] ge] lw{e voLFkk esa fQj ls çfo"V gq,A vylkrsgq,] ge baXySaM esa ml Äj ij igqWapsA og vkneh] ogkWa djoV ds cy ysVk gqvk lks jgk FkkA mldspsgjs ij vlarqf"V dh ijkdk"Bk dk çn'kZu tSlk FkkA mldk vkdk'kh; Lo:i] vyx gksus ds fdlh“h fpUg ds fcuk] mlds “©frd 'kjhj dks vius esa yisVs gq, FkkA

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^^D;k rqe vk jgs gks \** eSaus lw{e'kjhj esa gksrs gq, iwNkA ^^D;k rqe vk jgs gks]** cw<+s ykek usnqgjk;kA /khes ls] yxÒx vfufPNkiwoZd] ml vkneh dh lw{e vkÑfr vius “©frd 'kjhj ds ÅijmBh] v©j mBh] v©j mlds Åij rSjus yxh] tSls dksbZ djrk gS] lw{e'kjhj dk flj] “©frd 'kjhj dsiSjksa ds Åij iyVk] lw{e'kjhj fgyk v©j mlus >Vds [kk;sA vpkud rst xfr ls pyus okyh jsydh vkokt us] okil mls vius “©frd 'kjhj esa yk fn;kA rc] ekuks fd lglk] ,d fu.kZ; fy;kx;k] mldh lw{e vkÑfr eqM+h] v©j viuh vkaW[kksa dks eyrs gq,] gekjs lkeus [kM+h gks xbZA ekuks fd]dksbZ viuh uhan ls mB jgk gks] mlus gekjh rjQ VdVdh yxk dj ns[kkA

^^rks rqe vius 'kjhj dks NksM+uk pkgrs gks\** eSaus iwNkA ^^gkWa] eSa ;gkWa Ä.kk djrk gWwa** og tksjnkj <ax ls fpYyk;kAge ,d nwljs dks ns[krs gq, [kM+s jgsA eq>s og vR;f/kd xyrQgeh okyk O;fä fn[kkbZ

fn;kA ,d O;fä] tks baXySaM esa] vius thou dh dksbZ Nki ughaa NksM+ ldk] ijarq og frCcr esa bldkvolj ik;sxkA og tksj ls gWalk] ^^vPNk rqe esjs 'kjhj dks pkgrs gks] Bhd gS] rqe viuh xyrhle>ksxsA blls dksbZ QdZ ughaa iM+rk fd] rqe baXySaM esa D;k tkurs gksA QdZ blls iM+rk gS fd] rqefdldks tkurs gksA eSa dksbZ jkstxkj ughaa ik ldrk] csjkstxkjh dk ykÒ “h çkIr ughaa dj ldrkAns[kks] ;fn rqe dqN vPNk dj ldksA**

**pqi jgks esjs nksLr]** cw<+s ykek us dgk] **D;ksafd] rqe ;g ughaa tkurs gks fd] rqe fdl lsckrsa dj jgs gksA 'kk;n] rqEgkjh mxzrk us] rqEgkjs jkstxkj ikus dks ckf/kr fd;k gSA**

**rqEgsa viuh nk<+h c<+kuh iM+sxh]** eSaus dgk] ** D;ksafd] ;fn eSa rqEgkjs 'kjhj esa vkrk gwW] esjk'kjhj] rqels cnyk tk;sxk v©j eq>s vius tcM+ksa dh [kjkch dks fNikus ds fy;s] nk<+h dk j[kukvfuok;Z gSA D;k rqe nk<+h c<+k ldrs gks \**

**gkW Jheku~** mlus tcko fn;k **eSa nk<+h c<+kÅWaxkA****cgqr vPNk]** eSaus dgkA **eSa ;gkW ,d eghus esa okfil y©VwxkW v©j rqEgsa NqVdkjk fnykrs

gq,] rqEgkjs 'kjhj dks ys ywxkW] rkfd esjk [kqn dk 'kjhj] vafre :i ls mldks foLFkkfir dj lds]ftldks eSa ywxkWA eq>s crkvks]** eSaus iwNk] **rqEgsa esjs vknfe;ksa }kjk] igys v©j lcls igys] fdlçdkj igWqpk x;k \**

**Jheku~]** mlus dgk] **eSa yEcs le; ls] bXyS.M esa vius thou ls] mlds “sn Òko dsdkj.k] i{kikr ds dkj.k] Ä.kk djrk FkkA eSaus vius iwjs thou “j] frCcr v©j lqnwj iwoZ ds ns'kksa esafnypLih yh FkhA iwjs thou esa] eSaus **LoIu** ns[ks] ftuesa eSaus] frCcr] phu] v©j nwljs ns'k] tks eSaigpku ughaa ldk] ns[ks] vFkok ns[ks gq, ls yxsA dqN le; igys eq> esa] dkuwuh :i ls viuk ukecnyus dk] ,d rhoz vkosx vk;k] tks eSaus fd;kA**

**gkW]** eSaus fVIi.kh dh] **eSa mlds ckjs esa lc dqN tkurk gwW] ijUrq gky gh esa] rqe rd dSlsigqWpk x;k v©j rqeus D;k ns[kk \**

mlus FkksM+k lkspk] v©j rc dgk] **mldks crkus ds fy;s] eq>s vius rjhds ls v©j viuhtkudkjh esa ls] tks esjs ckn ds Kku dh –f"V esa xyr fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] dqN djuk iM+sxkA**

**cgqr Bhd]** esjs tcko Fkk] **vius rjhds ls eq>s crkvks v©j ge rqEgkjs xyr fopkjksa dksckn esa Bhd dj ldrs gSaA ;fn eSa rqEgkjs 'kjhj dks ysrk gwW] rks rqEgsa vPNh rjg ls le>us ds fy;s]eq>s ;s tkudkjh pkfg;s v©j ,slk djus dk ;s ,d rjhdk gSA**

**'kk;n] eSa igys okLrfod lEidZ ls 'kq:vkr dj ldwW rks eSa vius fopkjksa dks vPNh rjgj[k ldrk gWwA** nsj jkr esa vkus okys yksxks dks yanu ls okfil ykrs gq,] jsyos LVs'ku ls Åij dhvksj lM+d ij] jsy dk czsd yxkus dk ,d tksj dk >Vdk yxkA 'khÄz gh] ,d jsy dh] nwj tkus

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dh 'kq:vkr djus dh] vkokt vkbZ] v©j rc og vkneh viuh dgkuh ij vk;k] tcfd cw<+k ykekv©j eSa lrdZrkiwoZd mls lqu jgs FksA

**jkst Øks¶V] Fkkesl fMêu (Rose Croft, Thames Ditton)]** mlus 'kq:vkr dh] **,dNksVk lk] vPNk lk] lqUnj LFkku FkkA ;s ,d Äj Fkk] tks ,d lM+d ds ihNs fLFkr Fkk] ftldslkeus ,d cxhpk Fkk] ,d NksVk lk cxhpk v©j ihNs dh rjQ ,d cgqr cM+k cxhpkA edku esa ihNsdh rjQ ,d ckyduh Fkh] tks nsgkr dh rjQ] dkQh vPNk –'; çLrqr djrh FkhA eSa viuk dkQhle;] ml ckx esa] fo'ks"k :i ls] vius vxys cxhps esa [kpZ fd;k djrk Fkk D;ksafd dqN le; ls ;smisf{kr Fkk v©j eSa mls lgh djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA Äkl mxus nh xbZ] rkfd ;s dbZ QqVÅWaph gks tk;s v©j blds chp dk [kkyh LFkku] tks gekjs fy;s leL;k Fkk] lekIr gks tk;sA eSausbldk vk/kk fgLlk] ,d iqjkus “kjrh; xksj[kk pkdw ls] igys gh dkV fn;k FkkA ;s esgur dk dkeFkk] D;ksafd] eq>s vius gkFk v©j iSjksa ds cy pyuk iM+rk Fkk v©j Äkl ij okj djuk iM+rk Fkk v©jgj dqN geyksa ds ckn] eq>s vius pkdw dks ,d iRFkj ij fÄl dj rst djuk iM+rk FkkA eSaQksVksxzkQh esa “h #fp j[krk Fkk] v©j dqN le; ls] eSa ,d mYyw dk QksVks ysus dh dksf'k'k dj jgkFkk] tks iM+ksl ds Äj ds ,d isM+ esa jgrk Fkk] Äj dk ,d isM+] tks p<+rh gqbZ yrk ls iwjh rjg fÄjkgqvk FkkA esjk /;ku] mlh 'kk[kk ij] tks esjs flj ds Åij vf/kd ÅWph ughaa Fkh] fdlh pht dsQM+QM+kus ls “ax gqvkA eSaus ns[kk] v©j vius lq[kn vk'p;Z ds lkFk] eSaus 'kk[kk dks idM+s gq, v©jQM+QM+krs gq,] lw;Z dh rst jks'kuh ls va/kk gksrs gq,] ,d toku mYyw dks ns[kkA 'kkar :i ls] eSauspkdw dks] ftlls eSa dVkbZ dj jgk Fkk] uhps j[k fn;k v©j ,d dsejk ykus ds fy;s vanj ÄqlkA mlsvius gkFkksa esa fy;s gq, v©j mlds 'kVj dks O;ofLFkr djrs gq,] eSaus viuk jkLrk isM+ dh rjQfd;k v©j /khes ls] vFkok bruh 'kkafr ls] ftruh eSa dj ldrk Fkk] eSa igyh 'kk[kk ij p<+kA pksjhls] eSa mlds lkFk p<+k] i{kh lw;Z dh rst jks'kuh esa eq>s ns[k ikus esa v{ke Fkk ijUrq eq>s lwaÄrs gq,]nwljh 'kk[kk ij] ckgj ds fljs dh rjQ] pyk x;kA eSa [krjs ls iwjh rjg cs[kcj] vkxs c<+k] v©jvkxs c<+k] v©j esjh çR;sd pky ds lkFk] i{kh eq>ls vkxs v©j nwj gksrk x;k] tc rd fd ogyxÒx 'kk[kk ds vkf[kjh fljs ij ughaa igqWp x;k] tks esjs otu ds dkj.k] vc [krjs ds lkFk] uhpsdh rjQ >qd jgh FkhA

**lglk eSaus mrkoyh esa viuk dne c<+k;k v©j ogkW ,d rh[kh pVdu gqbZ v©j pw.kZ gqbZydM+h dh xa/k vk;hA 'kk[kk lM+h gqbZ Fkh v©j mlus eq>s uhps fxjk fn;kA esjs flj ds uhps] i`Fohdh rjQ esjs flj esa pksV yxhA dqN QqV fxjus esa] eq>s fxjus dh 'kk'orrk çrhr gqbZA eq>s Kkr gS]Äkl dÒh v©j vf/kd gjh ughaa fn[kkbZ Fkh] og thou ls c<+ dj yxh] eSa mlds Åij NksVs&NksVsdhVk.kqvksa ds lkFk] gjsd fruds dks vyx&vyx ns[k ldrk FkkA eq>s ;kn gS] ,d ysMhoMZ (ladybird), us Mj dj esjh igqWp ij] mM+ku “jh v©j rc ogkW va/kk djus okyk nnZ gqvk v©j ,d pedgqbZ ekuks fd] jaxhu jks'kuh] lc dkyh gks xbZA eq>s ughaa ekywe fd] eSa fdruh nsj rqM+k&eqM+k] fuf"Ø;fi.M ds :i esa] iqjkus Qj ds isM+ dh 'kk[kkvksa ds uhps iM+k jgk] ijUrq lglk eSa] cgqr rsth lsltx gqvk fd] eSa vius “©frd 'kjhj ls vyx gks jgk Fkk] v©j eSa phtksa dks] igys dh rqyuk esav©j vf/kd cM+s –';{ks= ds lkFk ns[k jgk FkkA jax u;s v©j pfdr djrs gq, thoar FksA

**lrdZrkiwoZd] eSa vius iSjksa ij [kM+k gqvk] v©j eSaus vius vklikl ns[kkA vius “;Òhrvk'p;Z ds lkFk] eSaus ik;k fd] esjk 'kjhj] tehu ij v©a/kk ysVk gqvk FkkA [kwu ns[kus “j dks ughaa FkkijUrq fuf'pr :i ls] xweM+ dk [kjkc fu'kku] esjh nk;ha duiVh ds Bhd Åij FkkA eSa FkksM+k lklaÒfezr Fkk] D;ksafd 'kjhj ÄjÄjkgV esa lkal ys jgk Fkk v©j vR;Ur ncko ds fpUgksa dks çnf'kZr djjgk FkkA **e`R;q**] eSaus lkspk] **eSa ej x;k gwW( vc eSa dÒh okfil ughaa y©VwxkWA eSaus vius flj ls vius

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'kjhj dh vksj] vius 'kjhj ls Åij dh vksj] p<+rh gqbZ] /kqa,s dk ,d iryk rUrq ns[kkA rUrq esa dksbZgypy ughaa FkhA dksbZ /kM+du ughaa v©j eq>s chekjh tSlh ÄcjkgV gqbZA eq>s vk'p;Z gqvk fd] eq>sD;k djuk pkfg;s vFkok 'kk;n fdlh nwljs dkj.k ls] eSa Mj ds dsUæ esa lek;k gqvk fn[kkbZ fn;kArc ,d lglk gypy] esjs bl vutku fo'o dh ,d ek= gypy] us esjh vkW[kksa dks vkdf"kZrfd;k v©j eSa yxÒx ph[k iM+k] vFkok ph[k iM+k gksrk] ;fn esjh vkokt gksrhA Äkl ds Åij igqWprsgq,] mPpØe dh dslfj;k iks'kkd igus gq,] ,d frCcrh ykek dh vkÑfr] lehi vk;hA mlds iSjtehu ls dbZ bap Åij Fks] fQj “h og fLFkj pky ls] esjh vksj vk jgk FkkA eSaus iwjh rjg ewfrZ cudj mldh rjQ ns[kkA

og] vius gkFkksa dks QSykrs gq, esjh rjQ vk;k] v©j eqLdjk;kA mlus dgk] **rqEgsa Mjus dhvko';drk ughaa gSA ;gkW rqEgkjs Mjus ;k fpark djus ds fy;s dqN “h ughaa gSA** eSaus ;s le>k fd]mlds 'kCn fdlh fÒé “k"kk esa Fks] gks ldrk gS frCcrh gksa ijUrq eSa bls le> x;k] ijUrq fQj “heSaus dksbZ vkokt ughaa lquhA ogkW dksbZ vkokt ughaa FkhA eSa fpfM+;ksa dh vkokt v©j isM+ksa esa lhVhctkrh gqbZ gok dh vkokt “h ughaa lqu ldkA **gkW]** esjs fopkjksa dks rksM+rs gq, mlus dgk( **gecksyh dk mi;ksx ughaa djrs] ijUrq nwjkuqÒwfr dk djrs gSaA eSa rqels nwjkuqÒwfr esa ckr dj jgk gwWA**geus lkFk&lkFk ,d nwljs dh vksj] v©j vius uhps iM+s gq, 'kjhj dh vksj ns[kkA frCcrh us nqckjkesjh vksj ns[kk] v©j eqLdjk;k v©j dgk] **rqEgsa esjh mifLFkfr ij vk'p;Z gks jgk gS \ eSa ;gkW gwWD;ksafd] eq>s rqEgkjh vksj vkdf"kZr fd;k x;kA bl fof'k"V {k.k esa] eSaus vius 'kjhj dks NksM+ fn;k gSv©j eq>s rqEgkjh vksj vkdf"kZr fd;k x;k gS D;ksafd] rqEgkjs [kqn ds thou ds fof'k"V dEiuksa esa ,dewy lauknh (harmonic) gS] ftu ij eSa dk;Z djrk gwWA blfy;s eSa vk;k gwW] eSa ;gkW vk;k gwW D;ksafd]fdlh ,d ds fy;s] ftls viuk thou if'peh fo'o esa tkjh j[kuk gS] D;ksafd mls djus dsfy;s ,d dke gS] ftls gLr{ksi dh dksbZ NksVh unh] cnkZ'r ughaa dj ldrh] eSa rqEgkjk 'kjhj pkgrkgwWA

eSaus mldks gôk côk gks dj ns[kkA og vkneh ;g dgrs gq, fd] mls esjk 'kjhj pkfg;s]ikxy FkkA ;s esjk 'kjhj FkkA eSa fdlh dks viuk 'kjhj] viuh lEifÙk bl rjg ughaa ysus nwxkWAblfy;s eSaus ,slk fd;k] eSa viuh bPNk ds fo:)] vius “©frd okgu esa ls] dkWairk gqvk ckgj vk;kv©j eSa okfil tk jgk Fkk] ijUrq Li"V :i ls] frCcrh us esjs fopkjksa dks i<+ fy;kA mlus dgk]**rqEgsa vkxs D;k fn[kkbZ nsrk gS \ csjkstxkjh] chekjh] vçLkérk] lk/kkj.k yksxksa ds chp esa lk/kkj.kthou] v©j rc cgqr nwj ughaa] fudV “fo"; esa e`R;q v©j fQj ls lc dqN nqckjk 'kq:A D;k rqEgsabl thou esa dksbZ miyfC/k gqbZ gS\ D;k rqeus ,slk dqN fd;k gS ftl ij rqEgs xoZ gks \ bl ijlkspks]**

**eSaus bl ij lkspkA eSaus] volknksa dks] xyrQgfe;ksa dks] v©j vçlérkvksa dks] “wrdky dkslkspkA mlus eq>s dgk] **D;k rqe ;s tku dj larks"k djksxs fd] rqEgkjs deZ iksaN fn;s x;s gSa] fd“©frd :i ls rqeus ,d dk;Z dh rjQ lg;ksx fd;k gSA ekuo tkfr ds ,d vf/kdre ykÒ dsfy;s \** eSaus dgk] **Bhd gS] eSa bl ckjs esa ughaa tkurk] ekuork esjs fy;s dÒh cgqr cM+h ughaa jghgSA rc eSa D;ksa fpark d:Wa \**

**mlus dgk] ughaa] bl i`Foh esa rqe] okLrfod lR; ds çfr va/ks gks x;s gksA rqe ughaa tkursfd] rqe D;k dg jgs gks] ijUrq ,d v©j vyx oÙk esa] le; xqtjus ds ckn] rqe bl ckr dks]voljksa dks] tks rqeus [kks fn;s] tku tkvksxsA eSa rqEgkjs 'kjhj dks nwljs ds fy;s pkgrk gWwA** eSausdgk] **Bhd gS] eSa blds ckjs esa D;k d:W \ eSa gj le;] ,d çsr ds laca/k esa vk'p;Z ughaa djldrk] v©j ge nksuksa ,d gh 'kjhj esa ughaa jg ldrs gSA** “O;rkiw.kZ] ftls dksbZ 'kCn o.kZu ughaa dj

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ldrsA eSa iwjh rjg larq"V Fkk] v©j eSaus dgk eSa Lo;a ls NwVus ds fy;s v©j ftruk tYnh laÒo gkslds mruk tYnh] bPNqd gksÅxkW] cgqr bPNqdA**

cw<+k ykek] nch&nch galh esa eqLdjk;k] v©j mlus dgk] **gesa mls crk nsuk Fkk fd] vÒhbruh tYnh ughaa Fkh] v©j vafre fu.kZ; ls igys rqEgs [kqn vk dj ns[kuk gksxkA dqy feyk dj]mlds fy;s] mldh ijs'kkfu;ksa ls] ;s vkuUniw.kZ NqVdkjk FkkA**

eSaus mu nksuksa dh vksj ns[kkA **cgqr vPNk]** eSaus vafre fVIi.kh dh] **eSa ,d eghus esa okfilvkÅWxkA ;fn rc rqEgkjh nk<+h gqbZ v©j rqe lÒh lansgksa ls ijs gks dj ;s lqfuf'pr dj yks fd]rqe ;s djuk pkgrs gks] eSa rqEgsa eqä dj nwWxk v©j rqEgsa viuh ;k=kvksa ij “st nwWxkA**

mlus larks"k ds lkFk] nq[k dh vkg “jh v©j tSls gh og /khes ls vius “©frd 'kjhj esa x;k]mlds psgjs ij ,d fnO; [kq'kh] lkQ mÒjhA cw<+k ykek v©j eSa] mBs v©j frCcr esa okfil vk x;sA

uhys] ckny jfgr vkdk'k esa] lw;Z ped jgk FkkA esjs cxy esa] T;ksa gh eSa vius “©frd 'kjhjesa y©Vk] cw<+s ykek dk [kkyh vkoj.k] thou jfgr gksdj Q'kZ ij fxj x;kA eSaus lkspk fd] og ,dyEcs v©j vknj.kh; thou ds ckn] viuh 'kkafr ds fy;s pyk x;kA eSa & cq) ds ifo= nkWr dhdle & eSa] vius lac/ak esa] D;ksa ;gkW Fkk \

esjh fyf[kr lgefr ds lkFk] fd eSa ml fuosfnr dk;Z dks d:Wxk] lans'kokgd] u;s xg dhvksj] ÅWps ioZrh; ns'kksa esa x;sA lans'kokgd] mu “kjrh; fVfô;ksa (cakes) esa ls dqN dks] tks cgq/kkesjh detksjh jgha Fkha] tc eSa pkdiksjh esa Fkk] fe=rk dk “O;rk iw.kZ ladsr fn[kkrs gq,] esjs iklvk;sA lÒh mís';ksa ds fy;s] eSa vius ioZrh; Äj esa ,d canh FkkA esjh çkFkZuk fd] eq>s pksjh fNis]Nùos'k esa] vius fç; pkdiksjh dh vksj ;k=k djus dh vkKk nh tk;s] eq>s euk dj nh xbZ FkhA**rqe ÄqlisfB;ksa ds f'kdkj gks ldrs gks esjs “kbZ]** mUgksaus eq>s crk;k] **D;ksafd ;fn os dksbZlansgtud pht ns[krs gSa] rks os vius cUnwd ds ÄksM+s nckus esa [kkl r©j ls rst gSaA**

**rqe chekj gks] vknj.kh; eBk/;{k]** nwljs us dgkA **;fn rqe ioZr ds cxy ls uhps dhrjQ mrjs rks rqEgkjk LokLF; rqEgsa okfil vkus dh btktr ughaa nsxkA ;fn rqEgkjh jtr rUrq dkVnh tk;s] rks dk;Z iwjk ughaa gksxkA**

dk;Z! ;s] tks dqy feyk dj ^^dk;Z** gh Fkk] tks esjs fy;s bruk vk'p;Z iSnk djus okyk FkkAequ"; ds çÒke.My dks ns[kuk esjs fy;s] ,d Bhd utj okys vkneh ds fy;s] mlds lkeus dqN QqVnwj [kM+s gq, dks ns[kus tSlk] vklku dk;Z FkkA eSaus iwoZ v©j if'pe ds varj ds Åij] ;g lksprs gq,fopkj fd;k fd] fdlh if'peh vkneh dks Je cpkus okys u;s [kk| ds laca/k esa le>kuk] fdrukvklku gksxk v©j fdlh iwoZ ds vkneh dks] eu ds bl jkT; esa dqN ubZ pht le>kuk] fdrukvklku gksxkA

le; xqtjrk x;kA eSaus te dj (extensively) foJke fd;k] bruk te dj] ftruk fd]vius thou esa blls igys dÒh ughaa fd;k FkkA rc ,d eghuk iwjk gksus ls igys] esjs bXys.Mokfil vkus ls dqN igys] eq>s Lof.kZe çdk'k ds ns'k esa tkus ds fy;s] ,d vfoyEc (urgent)cqykok vk;kA mu lÒh mPp O;fä;ksa ds lkeus cSBs gq,] eq>s dqN J)kghu fopkj vk;s] ;s ;q) dsfnukas esa NksVh fooj.k cSBd (briefing) tSlk FkkA esjk fopkj] nwljksa ds }kjk idM+ fy;k x;k v©jmuesa ls ,d eqLdjk;k v©j mlus dgk] **gkWa ;g ,d NksVh fooj.k cSBd gS v©j 'k=q \ cqjkbZ dh'kfä] tks gekjs dk;Z dks iwjk gksus ls jksdsxhA** **rqEgsa dkQh fojks/k v©j dkQh feF;k vkjksi >syusiM+saxs]** ,d us dgkA **bl 'kjhj cnyus ds n©jku] rqEgkjh vewrZ“©frdh (metaphysical) 'kfä;kW] urks cnysaxh v©j u gha [kRe gksxha** nwljs us dgkA

**;s rqEgkjk vafre tUe gS]** esjs fç; f'k{kd] ykek feaX;kj MkasMqi us dgkA **tc rqe bl

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thou dks] ftldks ysus tk jgs gks] lekIr djksxs] rks rqe gekjs ikl okfil Äj y©VksxsA** esjs f'k{kdds leku dSls] eSaus] bls çlérk ds mYys[k ds lkFk lekIr djus ds fy;s lkspkA tks gksus okyk Fkk]os eq>s dgrs x;sA vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa esa pyus okys rhu ykek] esjs lkFk tk;saxs v©j fdlh dk] mldsvius thou ls] jtr rUrq dks dkV dj] v©j nwljs ds lkFk & esjs lkFk tksM+rs gq,] okLrfodvkWijs'ku djsaxsA ijs'kkuh esjs [kqn ds 'kjhj dh Fkh] ftls vÒh “h frCcr esa cus jguk Fkk] ftldslkFk] vÒh “h] eq>s tqM+s jguk Fkk] D;ksafd eSa vius [kqn ds ekal (flesh) ds v.kqvksa dks] vafre :i lsLo;a esa gLrkarfjr djuk pkgrk FkkA blfy;s eSa nqfu;kWa esa okfil y©Vk v©j rhu vU; lkfFk;ksa dslkFk] lw{e'kjhj ls baXys.M esa ;k=k dhA

vkneh çrh{kk dj jgk FkkA eSa blds lkFk tkus ds fy;s iôk fu'p; dj pqdk gwW]** mlusdgkA

esjs lkFk dk ,d ykek ml vkneh dh vksj c<+k v©j mlus dgk] **rqedks] [kqn dks rsth ls]fgald :i ls (violently)] ml isM+ ds ikl] oSls gh fxjkuk pkfg;s] tSls fd tc ge rqEgsa igyhckj feys Fks] rc rqeus fd;k FkkA rqedks ,d cgqr cM+k >Vdk nsuk pkfg;s] D;ksafd rqEgkjk rUrq cgqrdM+kbZ ds lkFk rqels tqM+k gqvk gSA**

vkneh us vius vki dks] tehu ls dqN QqV Åij [khapk v©j rc] ,d larqf"Viw.kZ >Vds dslkFk tehu esa fxjrs gq,] fxjus fn;kA ,d {k.k ds fy;s ,slk yxk] ekuks fd le; [kqn #d x;k gSA,d dkj] tks rsth ls vk jgh Fkh rqjUr gh #d xbZ] ,d iwjh mM+ku esa mM+rh gqbZ ,d fpfM+;k]xfrghu gks dj #d xbZ & v©j gok esa Bgj xbZA ,d ÄksM+k] xkM+h dks [khaprs gq,] vius nksuksa iSjksadks Åij mBkrs gq,] #d x;k v©j tehu esa ughaa fxjkA rc xfr fQj ls] okfil gekjs ns[kus esavkbZA yxÒx iSarhl ehy çfr Ä.Vk dh pky ls pyrh gqbZ] dkj rsth ls dwnhA ÄksM+s us viuh pkydks 'kq: dj fn;k] v©j fpfM+;k ekal ds Åij mNyrh gqbZ] viuh iwjh mM+ku esa vk xbZA ifÙk;kWljljkbZa v©j mlds pkjksa rjQ cgrh gqbZ gok dh ygjnkj rjaxksa ds dkj.k] Äkl eqM+ xbZA

lkeus] LFkkuh; dqVhj vLirky ij] ,d ,Ecqysal #dhA nks dEkZpkjh mrjs] ihNs dh rjQVgys] v©j mUgksaus ,d LVªspj] ftlds Åij ,d cw<+h v©jr ysVh Fkh] dks [khapkA vknfe;ksa us] vkylh<ax ls] bl fLFkfr esa ç;kl fd;k v©j mls vLirky esa ys x;sA **vkg!** vkneh us dgk] **ogvLirky tk jgh gS] eSa Lora=rk dh vksj tk jgk gWwA** mlus lM+d ij ns[kk] uhps lM+d ij] v©jrc dgk]** esjh iRuh bl lc dks tkurh gSA eSaus mls lc le>k fn;k Fkk v©j og “h lger FkhA**mlus edku ds Åij fuxkg Mkyh v©j b'kkjk fd;kA **;s mldk dejk gS] v©j rqEgkjk ogkW gSA vceSa rS;kj ls vf/kd gwWA

ykekvksa esa ls ,d us] ml vkneh ds lw{e'kjhj dks idM+k v©j jtr rUrq ds lkFk&lkFkviuk gkFk fQlyk;kA og ,sls ç;kl djrs gq, yxk] tSls fd] dksbZ fdlh cPps dks] mlds tUe dsckn] mlds ca/ks gq, xÒZ uky ds lkFk ç;kl djrk gSA **rS;kj** iqtkfj;ksa esa ls ,d us dgkA vknehdks mldh tksM+us okys rUrq ls Lora= dj fn;k x;k v©j og ml iqtkjh dh laxr esa mM+ dj cgrkgqvk pyk x;k] tks mldh enn dj jgk FkkA eSaus ,d >qylk nsus okyk nnZ vuqÒo fd;k v©j rhozihM+k] ftls eSa nqckjk fQj vuqÒo ughaa djuk pkgrk] v©j rc ofj"B ykek us dgk] **yksclkax] D;krqe ml 'kjhj esa ços'k dj ldrs gks \ ge rqEgkjh lgk;rk djsaxsA**

nqfu;kWa va/ksjh gks xbZA dkys yky jax tSlh ,d rst fpifpih eglwl gqbZA ne ÄqVus dk ,dvglklA eSaus eglwl fd;k fd] eq>s jksdk tk jgk gS] fdlh pht esa nck;k tk jgk gS] tks esjs fy;scgqr NksVh gSA ,d va/ks foeku pkyd dh rjg eglwl djrs gq,] ,d cM+s tfVy gokbZ tgkt esavk'p;Z djrs gq, fd] eSaa bl 'kjhj ls dSls dke d:Wxk] eSaus 'kjhj ds vUnj tkWp iM+rky dhA **D;k

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gksxk ;fn eSa vc vlQy gqvk \** eSaus vius çfr nqcZyrk ds lkFk lkspkA fujk'kk ds lkFk] eSa yM+[kM+k;k v©j xM+cM+k;kA var esa eSaus yky jax dh v©j rc dqN gjh ped ns[khA nqckjk ls vk'okluikrs gq,] eSaus vius ç;klksa dks rst fd;k] v©j vc eSa ,d va/ks dh rjg Fkk] tks cxy ls [khapk tkjgk FkkA eSa ns[k ldrk FkkA esjh utj 'kq) :i ls igys dh rjg Fkh] eSa lM+d ds yksxksa dsçÒke.Myksa dks ns[k ldrk FkkA ijUrq eSa fgy ughaa ldkA

nksuksa ykek esjs cxy ls [kM+s gq,A vc ls vkxs] tSlk fd eq>s irk djuk Fkk] eSa ges'kk ghlw{e'kjhj dh vkÑfr;ksa dks] v©j “©frd 'kjhj dh vkÑfr;ksa dks] ns[k ldrk FkkA eSa frCcr esa] viuslkfFk;ksa ds lkFk “h vf/kd vPNh rjg ls lEidZ esa jg ldrk FkkA **,d lkaRouk iqjLdkj]** eSavDlj Lo;a dks dgrk Fkk] **if'pe esa jgus ds fy;s etcwj fd;k tkus ds fy;sA**

nks ykek esjh vdM+u ds Åij] esjh gypy djus dh vleFkZrk ds Åij] lac) gks dj ns[kjgs FksA iwoZ v©j if'peh 'kjhjksa ds varj ds irk ughaa dj ikus ds fy;s] vius vki ij dVqrk iw.kZrjhds ls nks"kkjksfir djrs gq,] eSaus fujk'kk ds lkFk] vius Åij tksj Mkyk] v©j tksj MkykA**yksclkax! rqEgkjh vkÑfr;kW QM+d jgha gSa!** ykekvksa esa ls ,d us dgkA vR;ko';d :i ls eSausryk'k fd;k v©j ç;ksx fd;kA ,d xyr gypy us eq>s vLFkk;h:i ls va/kk cuk fn;kA ykekvksadh enn ls] eSaus ,d ckj 'kjhj dks [kkyh fd;k] mldk v/;;u fd;k] v©j lko/kkuhiwoZd] mlesaiqu% çfo"V gqvkA eSa ns[k ldrk Fkk fd] bl ckj ;s vf/kd lQy FkkA eSa viuh ckWag dks] ,d VkWxdks fgyk ldrk FkkA vR;f/kd ç;kl djus ds lkFk] eSa vius ÄqVuksa ij mBk] dkWaik v©j yM+[kM+k;kv©j fQj fxjus dks gqvkA ekuks fd] eSa iwjh nqfu;kWa dk otu vius Åij mBk jgk FkkA eSa dkairkgqvk] vius iSjksa ij dkairk gqvk] [kM+k gqvkA

Äj esa ls ,d v©jr n©M+rh gqbZ] dgrh gqbZ vk;h] **vksg vc rqeus ;g D;k dj fy;k \ rqevUnj vkvks v©j ysV tkvksA** mlus eq>s ns[kk v©j mlds psgjs ij ,d “©apôk çÒko vk;k v©j ,d{k.k ds fy;s eSaus lkspk fd] og n©js (Hysteria) esa ph[kus okyh gSA mlus Lo;a dks fu;af=r fd;kv©j viuh ckaWg esjs da/kksa ij j[kh v©j Äkl ds Åij] FkksM+h ctjh okys jkLrs ij] iRFkj dh lh<+h dsÅij] v©j ydM+h ds njokts esa gks dj] v©j ,d NksVs gkWy ds jkLrs esa esjh enn dhA okLro esa] ;sogkW ls eqf'dy Fkk] D;ksafd ogkW p<+us ds fy;s dkQh lhf<+;kW Fkha v©j eSa vÒh “h vius pyus ds çfrcgqr vfuf'pr FkkA

Äj] okLro esa] nks ¶ySVksa ls fey dj cuk Fkk v©j ,d og] ftlesa eSa jgus okyk Fkk] ÅijFkkA ,d vaxzst ds Äj esa bl <ax ls ços'k djuk] dqN rh[kh lhf<+;ksa ds Åij] vius vki dks fxjusls cpkus ds fy;s] jksdus ds fy;s] ihNs lgkjs ds Åij] yVdrs gq, Åij p<+uk] ;s bruk vutkuyxkA esjh “qtk,sa] jcj ds leku] 'kfäghu gks xbZa ekuks eSaus muds Åij iwjk fu;a=.k [kks fn;k & eSaokLro esa] bl voLFkk esa Fkk fd] bl vutku u;s 'kjhj ds Åij] iw.kZ LokfEkRo ikus ds fy;s] dqNfnu yxsA nksauksa ykek] dkQh nq[k çnf'kZr djrs gq, esjs vklikl eM+jkrs jgs] ijUrq ogkW ,slk dqNughaa Fkk] tks os dj ikrsA tYnh gh] mUgksaus eq>s] jkr ds dqN Ä.Vksa esa okfil vkus dk ok;nk djrsgq, NksM+ fn;kA

/khes /khes] eSaus uhan esa pyus okys vkneh dh rjg yM+[kM+krs gq,] vius 'k;ud{k esa ços'kfd;k] tks esjk FkkA ;kaf=d vkneh dh rjg ls >Vds [kkrs gq,] vkÒkj lfgr eSa ,d fcLrj ds Åijyq<+d x;kA de ls de] eSausa Lo;a dks LkkaRouk nh fd] vc eSa blls ughaa fxj ldrkA esjh f[kM+fd;kWÄj ds lkeus v©j ihNs nksuksa vksj [kqyrha FkhA viuk flj nkabZ vksj Äqekrs gq,] eSa vius lkeus dsNksVs cxhps dks ns[k ldrk FkkA lM+d ij] NksVs dqVhj vLirky ds ikl ,d –f"V] tks eSaus viuhorZeku voLFkk esa vkjkenk;d ughaa le>h] ughaa ik;hA

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dejs ds nwljh rjQ f[kM+dh Fkh] ftlesa gks dj eSa vius flj dks ckabZ vksj Äqek dj ns[kldrk FkkA eSa vius cM+s cxhps dh yEckbZ dh rjQ ns[k ldrk FkkA ;s xank Fkk] eksVh Äkl >qjeqVesa] Äkl ds eSnkuksa dh rjg ls mx jgh FkhA >kfM+;ksa us cxhps dks] ,d Äj ls vxys Äj rd] vyxfd;k gqvk FkkA Äkl ds E©nku ds var esa] fpFkM+s gq, isM+ksa dh iafä Fkh v©j ,d dVhys rkjksa dhck<+A blds ckn eSa] [ksrksa dh] “ouksa dh] v©j iM+ksl esa pjrh gqbZ xk;ksa ds >q.M dh] :i js[kk(outline) ns[k ldrk FkkA

viuh f[kM+fd;ksa ds ckgj] eSa vkoktksa dks lqu ldrk Fkk] os ,slh ^vaxzsftr (english)* dhvkoktsa Fkh fd] eSaus bls le>us ds fy;s yxÒx vlaÒo le>k] fd D;k dgk tk jgk FkkA vaxzsth]tks eSaus igys lquh Fkh] vf/kdka'kr% vesfjdh v©j dukMk dh Fkh] v©j ;gkW vutku :i ls] iqjkusikBksa ds rjhds ls] VqdM+ksa esa cksyh xbZ vaxzsth us eq>s pdjk fn;kA eSasus ik;k] esjh [kqn dh cksyhdfBu FkhA tc eSaus cksyus dk ç;kl fd;k rks eSaus] ek= ,d QVh gqbZ vkokt fudky ik;hA esjsLoj rUrq (vocal cord) vutku v©j eksVs çrhr gq,] v©j tks eSa dgus tk jgk Fkk] mls igys viuseu esa ns[kuk v©j /khes cksyuk lh[kkA eSa tk ds cnys esa pk dgrk Fkk] tksu ds cnys esa pksu dgrkFkk v©j blh çdkj dh xyfr;kW djrk FkkA dbZ ckj eSa cgqr eqf'dy ls le> ikrk Fkk fd] eq>lsD;k dgk tk jgk gSA

ml jkr dks vkdk'kh; ;k=k djus okys ykek nqckjk vk;s v©j mUgksaus ;s crkrs gq, fd] vcesjs fy;s vkdk'kh; ;k=k,sa v©j vf/kd vklku gks tk;saxh] esjs volkn dks] çlérk cukus dh dksf'k'kdhA mUgksaus eq>s cryk;k] esjh vdsyh iM+h gqbZ frCcrh yk'k] rhu fÒ{kqvksa dh] dÒh lekIr u gksusokyh ns[kÒky ds vUrxZr] ,d iRFkj ds dQu esa lko/kkuh iwoZd “.Mkfjr dh xbZ gSA mUgksaus eq>scrk;k] iqjkus lkfgR; esa fd;s x;s esjs 'kks/kdk;Z] ;s crkrs Fks fd] esjs fy;s vius [kqn ds 'kjhj dksçkIr djuk vklku gksxk ijUrq iwjk&iwjk gLrkUrj.k] FkksM+k le; ysxkA

rhu fnu ds fy;s] vkjke djrs gq,] gypy dk vH;kl djrs gq,] v©j ubZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esacnys gq, thou dk vH;Lr gksrs gq,] eSa vius dejs esa #dk jgkA eSa rhljs fnu 'kke dks] va/ksjs dsvkoj.k esa] dkairk gqvk] cxhps esa x;kA vc eSaus ik;k fd] eSaus vius 'kjhj ds Åij LokfeRo çkIrdjuk 'kq: dj fn;k Fkk] ;|fi vla[; {k.k vk;s tc esjs gkFk ;k iSjksa us] esjs vkns'kksa dks ekuus esavleFkZrk trkbZA

vxyh lqcg efgyk] tks esjh iRuh ds :i esa tkuh tkrh Fkh] us dgk] **vkt ;s ns[kus dsfy;s fd] vÒh rqEgkjs fy;s dksbZ dke gS] rqEgsa jkstxkj n¶rj tkuk pkfg;sA **jkstxkj n¶rj \ dqNle; ds fy;s] blus eq>s dqN ughaa lq>k;k] tc rd fd mlus] **Je ea=ky;** 'kCn ughaa dgkArc ;s esjh [kksiM+h esa ÄqlkA eSa ,sls fdlh LFkku ij ughaa x;k Fkk v©j esjs fopkj esa “h ughaa Fkk fd]dSls O;ogkj fd;k tk;s vFkok ogkW D;k fd;k tk;sA ckrphr ls eSa tkurk Fkk fd] ;s LFkku gsaIVudksVZ (Hampton Court) ds djhc gS ijUrq uke eksysls (Molesey) FkkA

fdlh dkj.k ls] ftldks eSa rc ughaa le>k] eSa csjkstxkjh ds fdlh ykÒ dk] dksbZ nkokçLrqr djus ds fy,] ik= gh ughaa FkkA ckn esa eq>s irk yxk fd] ;fn dksbZ O;fä LosPNk ls viusjkstxkj dks NksM+rk gS] “ys gh og jkstxkj] fdruk vlq[kn vFkok vlaxr D;ksa u gks] og fdlhçdkj ds nkok ykÒksa dks ikus dk gdnkj ughaa Fkk] “ys gh mlus chl lky rd] fuf/k esa viuk va'knku D;ksa u fn;k gksA

jkstxkj n¶rj( eSaus dgk] ^^eq>s lkbfdy çkIr djus esa lgk;rk çnku djks v©j eSa pyktkÅWaxkA** ge lkFk&lkFk lhf<+;ksa ls uhps mrjs] ckbZa vksj xSfjt esa eqM+s] tks iqjkus QuhZpj ls “jkgqvk Fkk v©j ogkWa ,d iqjkuh lkbfdy Fkh] çrkM+uk dk ,d midj.k] ftldk eSaus pqaxfdax esa] igys

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dsoy ,d ckj gh mi;ksx fd;k Fkk]] tgkWa blls igys fd] eSa cszdksa dk irk yxk ikrk] eSa igkM+h lslh/kk uhps fxj pqdk FkkA Mjrs&Mjrs] eSa e'khu ij p<+k v©j lM+d ds lgkjs&lgkjs] yM+[kM+krs gq,]caVh gqbZ lM+d ij ckbZ vksj eqM+rs gq,] jsy ds iqy dh vksj vkxs p<+kA ,d vkneh us çlérk lsgkFk fgyk;s] v©j okilh esa gkFk fgykrs gq,] eSa yxÒx fxj x;kA ^^rqe ,dne Bhd ughaa yxrs gks]**mlus dgkA ^^lko/kkuh ls tkvksA**

VkaWxksa esa “;kud nnZ gksrs gq,] eSaus iSMy pyk;sA vkxs eSa] nkbZa rjQ eqM+k] tSlk eq>s igyscrk fn;k Fkk] gsEiVu dksVZ dh vksj tkus okyh p©M+h lM+d ij] T;ksa gh] eSa vkxs p<+k] esjh VkWaxksa us]lglk esjs funsZ'kksa dks ekuus ls euk dj fn;k] v©j eSa lM+d ij] eqä ifg;s ds lkFk pyus dhO;oLFkk dj ldk v©j ,d <sj ij vpkud yq<+d x;kA lM+d ds fdukjs] Äkl dh ,d iêh dsÅij] lkbfdy esjs Åij FkhA ,d {k.k ds fy, cqjh rjg dkairs gq,] eSa ogkWa iM+k jgk] rc ,dv©jr] tks vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk] vius njokts ds lkeus dqN dj jgh Fkh] jkLrs ij ph[krs gq,]n©M+rh gqbZ vkbZ] ^^rqEgsa [kqn ds Åij 'keZ vkuh pkfg,] fnu esa bl oä] rqe 'kjkc fi;s gq, gksA eSausrqEgsa ns[kkA esjk fopkj] iqfyl dks Qksu djus dk FkkA** mlus esjh vksj R;©jh p<+k dj ns[kk] rc ogeqM+h v©j tYnh ls vius Äj esa okil Äql xbZ] xyhpksa dks mBk;k v©j vius ihNs ds njokts dks>Vds ls can dj fn;kA

^^;s fdruk de tkurh gSa** eSaus lkspkA ^^;s fdruk de tkurh gSa**'kk;n yxÒx chl feuV rd] vius LokLF; dks fQj ls çkIr djrs gq,] eSa ogkWa ysVk jgkA

yksx vius njoktksa rd vkrs v©j ckgj Äwj dj ns[krsA yksx viuh f[kM+fd;ksa ij vk;s v©j ijnksads ihNs ls >kWad dj ns[kkA nks v©jrsa vius cxhpksa ds fljksa rd vkbZa v©j mUgksaus ddZ'k /ofu;ksa esa]esjs ckjs esa] tksj ls fopkj&foe'kZ fd;kA dgha “h] ,d FkksM+k lk “h fopkj] fd eSa chekj gks ldrkFkk vFkok okLro esa] vlko/kku gks ldrk Fkk] eaS ughaa igpku ldkA

var esa] vR;f/kd ç;klksa ds lkFk] eSa vius iSjksa ij yM+[kM+krk gqvk p<+k] lkbfdy ij cSBk]v©j gsEiVu dksVZ dh fn'kk esa lokj gksdj py fn;kA

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v/;k; u©

jkstxkj n¶rj] cxy dh xyh esa ,d fxjk gqvk lk edku FkkA eSa p<+k] mrjk] v©j ços'k }kjesa pyuk çkjaÒ fd;kA ^^D;k viuh lkbfdy dh pksjh djkuk pkgrs gks\** esjs ihNs ,d Loj us iwNkAeSa dgus okys dh vksj eqM+kA ^^fuf'pr :i ls] csjkstxkj ,d&nwljs dh pksjh ughaa djrs\** eSaus dgkA

^^rqe ;gkaW vklikl ds fy, u;s gksxs( lkbfdy esa psu yxkvks v©j mlesa ,d rkyk yxkvksvFkok rqEgsa iSny gh Äj dks tkuk gksxkA** blds lkFk] dgus okys us vius da/kksa dks mpdk;k v©jbekjr esa pyk x;kA eSa okil eqM+k v©j e'khu ¼lkbfdy½ dh tsc esa ns[kkA gkWa] mlesa ,d rkykv©j tathj ¼psu½ FkhA tSlk eSaus v©jksa dks djrs ns[kk Fkk] eSa ifg;s esa gks dj tathj Mkyus gh tkjgk Fkk fd] rÒh ,d “;kud fopkj eq>esa d©a/kk& pkch dgkaW Fkh \ eSaus mu vifjfpr tscksa esa [kkstkv©j eq>s pkfc;ksa dk ,d xqPNk fey x;kA ,d ds ckn] nwljh ls dksf'k'k djrs gq, var esa] eq>s lghpkch fey xbZA

eSa Äj esa vanj] jkLrs ij Åij pykA dkyh L;kgh ls] dkMZ cksMZ ij cus rhj ds fu'kkuksa us]jkLrs dk ladsr fn;kA eSa nkbZa rjQ eqM+k v©j ,d dejs esa çfo"V gqvk] tgkWa dM+h ydM+h dh dqflZ;ksadk ,d lewg] ,d nwljs ds lkFk] fÒM+k&fÒM+k dj j[kk FkkA

^^gSyks çksQ! ,d vkokt us dgkA ^^vkvks] v©j esjs ikl cSBks v©j viuh ckjh dh çrh{kkdjksA**

eSa dgus okys dh rjQ pyk v©j mlds cxy ls] ,d dqlhZ dks /kôk nsrs gq,] viuh txgcukbZA ^^rqe vkt lqcg dqN vyx fn[kkbZ ns jgs gks]** mlus dguk tkjh j[kkA ^^rqe [kqn D;k djrsjgs Fks \**

gYdh&QqYdh NksVh&NksVh lwpukvksa dks pqurs gq,] eSaus mls cksyus fn;kA DydZ us uke iqdkjs]v©j yksx mldh est dh rjQ pyrs x,s v©j mlds lkeus cSBsA ,d uke iqdkjk x;k] tksvLi"V :i ls ifjfpr yxrk FkkA ^^dksbZ ftls eSa tkurk gwWa \** eSaus vk'p;Z fd;kA dksbZ ughaa fgykAuke nqckjk iqdkjk x;kA ^^tkvks ;s rqe gks** esjs u;s fe= us dgkA tSlk fd] eSaus nwljksa dks djrs gq,ns[kk Fkk] eSa mBk v©j est dh rjQ pyk v©j cSB x;kA

^^vkt lqcg] rqEgkjs lkFk D;k ijs'kkuh gS \** DydZ us iwNkA ^êSaus rqEgsa vanj vkrs gq, ns[kk]rc rqe esjh utj ls pwd x, v©j eSaus lkspk fd] rqe Äj pys x, gksxsA** mlus esjh rjQ lko/kkuhls ns[kkA ^^dSls “h] rqe vkt lqcg] dqN vyx ls fn[k jgs gksA ;s rqEgkjk cky laokjus dk <ax ughaagks ldrk] D;ksafd rqEgkjs dksbZ cky gh ughaa gSaA** rc og lh/kk [kM+k gqvk v©j mlus dgk] ^ûghaa]rqEgkjs fy, dqN ughaa] eSa Mjk gqvk gwWaA vPNk gS] vxyh ckj viuk “kX; vktekvksA Ñi;k] vxykvkneh] vkb,A**

fujk'k vuqÒo djrs gq,] eSa ckgj pyk x;k] v©j lkbfdy pykrs gq,] gSEiVu dksVZ esaokil vk;kA ogkWa eSaus ,d v[kckj [kjhnk v©j VSEl (Thames) unh ds fdukjksa ij py fn;kA;s ,d lqUnj LFkku Fkk] tgkWa yanuoklh Nqêh eukus ds fy, vkrs FksA eSa] v[kckj esa] fjä LFkku okysdkWye esa] ifjfLFkfr;kas dk v/;;u djrs gq,] viuh ihB isM+ ij fVdkrs gq,] Äkl okys fdukjs ijcSBkA

^^rqEgsa dÒh jkstxkj n¶rj ds ek/;e ls dke ughaa feysxk** ,d vkokt us dgk] ,d vknehjkLrs ls gV dj] esjs ikl vk;k v©j ,d yach Äkl dh iÙkh dks rksM+rs gq,] vius eqWag ds vanj ,dcxy ls nwljs cxy Äwekrs gq,] mls vfuPNk iwoZd pckrs gq,] esjs cxy ls] Äkl ij] /ke ls cSBx;kA ^ôs rqEgsa dksbZ csdkjh “Ùkk ughaa nsaxs le>s \ blfy, os rqEgsa ;gkWa #dus “h ughaa nsaxsA os mu

132

yksxksa dks dke fnykrs gSa tks mUgsa dqN nsrs gSaA rc os iSlk cukrs gSa] le>s \ ;fn os rqEgsa dke nsaxs]rks mUgsa fdlh nwljs dks csjkstxkjh “Ùks ij j[kuk iM+sxk v©j bl ij ljdkj ,srjkt djrh gS] le>ss\**

eSaus blds Åij fopkj fd;kA ;s esjh le> esa vk;k] ;|fi vkneh ds O;kdj.k us esjs fljdks yxÒx Äqek fn;k FkkA ^^Bhd gSa] rqe D;k djksxs \** eSaus iwNkA

^^gs “xoku! vjs! eSa dksbZ dke ughaa pkgrk] eSa dsoy csjkstxkjh “Ùkk ikus ds fy, vkrk gwWa] ;seq>s ¼ftUnk½ cuk dj j[krk gS] v©j ,sls] blds lkFk&lkFk] FkksM+k lk eSa “h dek ysrk gWwaA Bhd gS]xqoA ;fn rqe okLro esa] dksbZ dke pkgrs gks] rks rqe buesa ls fdlh n¶rj esa tkvks& ;gkWa& mlrjQ ns[kksA** og eq> rd igqaWpk v©j eq>s [kkyh NksM+rs gq,] ;s vk'p;Z djrs gq, fd] n¶rj D;k djldrk Fkk] mlus esjs dkxtksa dks fy;kA ogkWa lh[kus ds fy, D;k dqN Fkk] eSaus lkspkA fdruk KkuAeq>s gj pht] if'peh fo'o ds fglkc ls djuh FkhA viuh maxfy;ksa dks pkVrs gq,] v©j o.kZekyk dsv{kjksa dks eu gha eu cM+cM+krs gq,] vkneh us istksa esa [kkstkA ^^rqe ;gkaW gks( **ftlesa ls og fot;h“ko ls cksykA** rqe [kqn viuh utj ls ns[kks] dke fnykÅ n¶rj ;gkWa gSA**

'khÄzrk ls] eSaus mlds ,dne xans vaxwBksa ds fu'kku ls ladsfrr fd;s x;s ml LrEÒ ij]i;kZIr Li"V :i ls utj ekjhA jkstxkj n¶rj] jkstxkj dh ,stsfUl;kWaA jkstxkjA ^îjarq ;s v©jrksa dsfy, gS]** eSaus fp<+ +dj dgkA

^^xkuZ! mlus tokc fn;k] ^^rqe i<+ ughaa ldrs] ;gkaW ij blesa fy[kk gS] vkneh v©j v©jrasAvc rqe lkFk vkvks v©j ns[kks fdlh iqjkus is'ks dks muesa ls yksA vksg! os rqEgsa f[kyk;sxsa] ;fn rqemUgsa djus nksxsA mUgsa crk nks fd rqe ,d jkstxkj pkgrs gks vFkok dqN v©j!**

ml 'kke dks] eSa tYnh ls] yanu ds ân; LFky ij] ,d iqjkus ttZj dk;kZy; esa] tks lksgks88

dh xyh ds ihNs Fkk] x;k v©j mldh xanh lhf<+;kWa p<+haA ,d jaxh&iqrh v©jr] Ñf=e :i ls viusckyksa dks “wjk v©j vius uk[kwuksa dks flanwjh yky fd;s gq,] ,d dejs esa] tks bruk NksVk Fkk fd]dÒh og vyekjh jgk gksxk] /kkrq dh ,d est ds ikl cSBh FkhA

^êSa ,d dke pkgrk gwWa]** eSaus dgkAog ihNs >qdh v©j mlus BaMs iu ls esjk ifjos{k.k fd;kA yach tEgkbZ ysrs gq,] mlus vius

iwjs fxjs gq, nkarksa v©j jksenkj thÒ dks fn[kk fn;kA ^^vki d©u gSa \** mlus iwNkA eSa [kkyhiu lsmldks Äwjrk jgkA ^^vki d©u gSa \ mlus nqgjk;kA

^êq>s [ksn gS]** eSaus dgk] ^îjarq eSa rqEgkjs ç'u dks ughaa le>kA** ^^vksg le>h]** mlus nq[kh gks dj vkg “jhA ^^rqe vaxzsth ughaa cksyrsA QkWeZ dks “j nksA**

mlus ,d ç'ukoyh esjh rjQ Qsadh] viuk isu] ÄM+h] ,d fdrkc v©j viuk gSaM cSx mBk;kv©j ,d va/kjs d{k (dark room) esa xk;c gks xbZA eSa cSBk v©j eSaus ç'uksa ds lkFk laÄ"kZ fd;kAdkQh nsj ckn] og nqckjk çdV gqbZ v©j vius vaxwBs dks] tgkaW ls og vkbZ Fkh] ml fn'kk esa >VdkA^^vanj tkvks]** mlus vkns'k fn;kA eSa vius LFkku ls mBk] yM+[kM+k;k v©j FkksM+s cM+s dejs esax;kA ,d vkneh vO;ofLFkr <ax ls] dwM+s&djdV ds chp] VwVh&QwVh est ij cSBk FkkA og ,dlLrh v©j cncwnkj flxkj ds BwaB dks pck jgk Fkk] ,d /kCcsnkj] Åuh uEns dk Vksi (Trilby hat)]ftl ij nkarsnkj eqdV yxk Fkk] mlds flj ds ihNs [kkaslk gqvk FkkA mlus eq>s vius lkeus cSBusdk ladsr fd;kA

88 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % lksgks] osLVj esLVj 'kgj dk] yxÒx 2-5 oxZ fdyksehVj dk {ks= gS] tks yUnu ds if'peh fgLls esa gSA chaloh 'krkCnh esa lksgks] vius jkf= dsthou vkSj ;kSu m|ksx vkSj fQYe fuekZrk daifu;ksa dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k tkuk tkrk FkkA 1980 ds ckn ls] lksgks xq.Mksa ds dkj.k cnuke gSA vktdy ;s Qs'kuscy 'kgjvkSj jsLrjk vkSj ehfM;k ds dk;kZy;ksa ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA lksgks yxÒx 200 lky ls yanu dh lsDl m|ksx dk dsUæ jgk gSA 1960 ds vklikl ;gka yxÒx 100 dsdjhc uXu Dyc FksA lksgks yUnu dk ,d cnuke {ks= gS] tks MªXl] gSjksbu] dksdsu vkfn dh rLdjh v©j nwljs vijk/kksa ds fy;s fo'oçfl) gSA

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^^viuk iathdj.k 'kqYd ykvks \** mlus dgkA eSaus viuh tsc esa ns[kk v©j QkWeZ ij fy[khgqbZ jde dks] mlds lkeus çLrqr dj fn;kA ml vkneh us og eq>ls ys fy;k] nks ckj fxuk] v©jviuh tsc esa j[k fy;kA ^^rqe dgkaW çrh{kk dj jgs Fks \** mlus iwNkA

^^ckgj ds n¶rj esa]** eSaus “ksysiu ls tokc fn;kA esjs foLe; ds fy,] og galh ds Bgkdsyxk dj QV iM+kA

^^gqjZjZjZjZ** mlus vkokt fudkyhA ^^ eSaus dgk] rqe dgkWa bartkj dj jgs Fks \ v©j ;s dgrkgS fd] ckgj okys n¶rj esa ** viuh cgrh gqbZ vkWa[kksa dks i©aNrs gq,] mlus ,d fn[krs gq, ç;kl ds}kjk] Lo;a dks fu;af=r fd;k v©j dgk] ^^ns[kks] yM+ds] rqe dksbZ el[kjs ughaa gks] v©j esjs ikl xWaokusds fy, le; ughaa gSA** D;k rqe dÒh cSjk ;k badk (Inca)89 jgs gks \**

^ûghaa]** eSaus mÙkj fn;kA ^êSa buesa ls fdlh “h çdkj ds dkeksa esa jkstxkj pkgrk gwWa** &mlsmu phtksa dh iwjh lwph nssrs gq, eSaus dgk] eSa bUgsa dj ldrk gwWa& ^^D;k vc rqe esjh enn dj ldrsgks ;k ughaa dj ldrs gks \**

tSls gh mlus lwph dks ns[kk] mlds rscj p<+ x;sA ^^Bhd gS] mlus lansgiwoZd dgk] eSa ughaatkurkA^^ rqe ,d M~;wd (duke)90 dh rjg cksyrs gksA ns[kks] ge ns[ksaxs fd ge D;k dj ldrs gSaAvkt ls ,d g¶rs ckn vkukA** blds lkFk gh] mlus viuh cq>h gqbZ flxkj dks nqckjk tyk;kA tSlsgh mlus ,d mM+rs gq, dkxt dks idM+k v©j i<+uk 'kq: fd;k] mlus vius iSj est ds ÅijQSyk;sA eSaus viuk “ze jfgr jkLrk] ml jaxh&iqrh v©jr ds ikl ls xqtjrs gq,] ckgj dh vksjcuk;k] ftlus] <hB rjhds ls rkd dj v©j ukd p<+k dj] pVdrh gqbZ lhf<+;ksa ds uhps v©j mlmnkl xyh esa] esjs tkus dk vfÒuanu fd;kA

vf/kd nwj ughaa] ogha ,d v©j ,stsUlh Fkh] v©j eSaus ogkWa igqWapus ds fy, viuk jkLrk idM+kAços'k}kj ds –'; ij] esjk fny Mwc x;kA ,d cxy dk njoktk] ços'k dh ek= ydM+h dh lhf<+;kWa]v©j xanh nhokjsa ftu ls jax&jksxu m[kM+ jgk FkkA Åij] nwljh eafty ij] eSaus gh njoktk [kksyk]ftl ij fy[kk Fkk ^^ços'k**A vanj] bekjr dh iwjh p©M+kbZ esa QSyk gqvk ,d cM+k dejk FkkA ttZjestsa ogkWa j[kha Fkha v©j muesa ls gj ,d ij] ,d vkneh ;k ,d v©jr cSBs gq, Fks] ftuds lkeuslanÒZ dkMksZa dk ,d <sj yxk FkkA

^^gkWa \ eSa vkids fy, D;k dj ldrk gwWa \** esjs cxy ls ,d vkokt us iwNkA eqM+rs gq,] eSaus,d v©jr dks ns[kk] tks lÙkj dh jgh gksxh] ;|fi og cw<+h fn[krh FkhA esjs dqN dgus dh çrh{kkfd, fcuk] bl çkFkZuk ds lkFk fd] eSa bls iwjk d:Wa v©j est ij cSBh gqbZ yM+dh dks ns nwWa] mluseq>s ,d ç'ukoyh ns nhA eSaus tYnh gh] cM+h la[;k esa iwNs x;s O;fäxr focj.k dks “jk v©j tSlkcrk;k x;k Fkk] ml yM+dh ds ikl ys x;kA fcuk ml ij utj Äqek;s gq, mlus dgk] ^^vc rqeeq>s viuk iathdj.k 'kqYd ns ldrs gksA** eSaus ;s lksprs gq, ,slk fd;k fd] mUgsa iSlk cukus dk ,dljy rjhdk fey x;k gSA mlus lko/kkuh iwoZd jde dks fxuk v©j ,d eks[kys esa ls nwljh v©jrdks ns fn;kA mlus “h mls fxuk] v©j rc eq>s ,d jlhn nh xbZA yM+dh [kM+h gqbZ v©j mlus dgk]^^D;k dksbZ [kkyh gS \** nwj ij j[kh ,d est ij cSBs gq, vkneh us] vkyl ds lkFk viuk gkFkfgyk;kA yM+dh esjh rjQ eqM+h v©j mlus dgk] ^ôgkWa ij] og vkneh] vkids ekeys dks ns[ksxkA** eSa]estksa ds chp ls viuk jkLrk [kkstrk gqvk] pydj mlds ikl x;kA dqN le; ds fy, mlus esjsÅij /;ku ugha fn;k] ijarq fy[krk jgk] v©j rc vius gkFk dks jksdkA eSaus bls fy;k v©j mllsfeyk;k] ijarq xqLls ls ;g dgrs gq,] mlus >Vd dj ihNs [khap fy;k] ^ûghaa] ughaa] eSa rqEgkjh jlhn

89 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % egkjkt ¼is: esa jgusokyh tutkfr ds 'kkld½] 90 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ;wjksih; egk}hi esa NksVs Mp jkT;ksa ds 'kkldksa dh mikf/k M~;wd gksrh gS] tSls M~;wd vkWQ ,fMufcjk] M~;wd vkWQ osYl

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ns[kuk pkgrk gwWa] rqEgkjh jlhn] rqe le>sA** lko/kkuh iwoZd mldh tkWap djrs gq,] mlus mlsiyVk] v©j mlds [kkyh fgLls dks tkWapkA lkeus dh rjQ dks nqckjk i<+rs gq,] mlus Li"V :i lsr; dj fy;k fd] ;s lgh Fkh pwafd] lcds ckn mlus dgk] ^^D;k vki dqlhZ ij cSBasxs \**

esjs vk'p;Z ds fy,] mlus ,d u;k QkWeZ fy;k] v©j eq>s lÒh lokyksa dk tokc nsus ds fy,dgk] tks eSa igys gh fy[k pqdk FkkA esjs “js gq, QkWeZ dks jíh dh Vksdjh esa] v©j vius dks est dhnjkt esa Mkyrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^,d g¶rs ckn eq>s feyks] rc ge nsa[ksxs fd] ge D;k dj ldrsgSaA** mlus viuk fy[kuk iqu% çkjaÒ fd;k] fy[kkbZ] ftldks eSa ns[k ldrk Fkk fd] og fdlh v©jr!dks fy[kk x;k ,d O;fäxr i= FkkA

^^vjs]** eSaus tksj ls dgk] ^^vc eSa rqEgkjk /;ku pkgrk gwWaA**^êsjs fç; fe=!** mlus le>k;k] ^^ge vke r©j ls phtksa dks bruh tYnh ughaa djrs gSa] rqe

le>s] gekjs ikl O;oLFkk ,d rjhdk gksuk pkfg,] le>s] ,d rjhdk!**^^Bhd gS]** eSaus dgk] ^êq>s vÒh ,d dke] ;k viuk iSlk okil pkfg,A** ^^fç;] fç;!** og vkg “j dj cksykA ^îw.kZ :i ls fdruk “;kud gS!** esjs fu'p; fd;s gq,

psgjs ij ,d rst fuxkg Mkyrs gq,] mlus nqckjk vkg “jh] v©j vius njkt esa ls dqN fudkyuk'kq: fd;k] ,d ds ckn ,d njktA ekuks] og ;s lkspus ds fy, fd] vkxs D;k djuk gS] nsj dj jgkgksA mlus ,d njkt dks dkQh nwj rd [khapkA ,d Vôj gqbZ v©j mlesa ls mldk lkjk O;fäxrlkeku] uhps Q'kZ ij fc[kj x;kA dqN gtkj dkxtksa ds fDyi dk MCck [kqy dj fc[kj x;kA geuslarqyu cukus ds fy,] Q'kZ ds vklikl ls phtksa dks mBk;k v©j est ij mNky fn;kA

var esa gj pht mBk yh xbZ v©j njkt esa Mky nh xbZA ^ôg mtM+k gqvk njkt!** mlusvueus “ko ls dgk] ^^ges'kk viuh txg ls] blh rjg fQly tkrh gS] nwljs okys blds vH;LrgSaA** dqN le; ds fy,] og] Qkby ds dkMksZ esa ns[krs gq, ogkWa cSBk] v©j rc dkxtksa ds caMyksa dksns[krs gq,] viuk flj udkjkRed :i esa fgykrs gq,] T;kasa gh mlus okil mNkyk v©j nwljs caMydks gVk;kA ^^vkg!** mlus var esa dgk] v©j rc pqi iM+ x;kA feuVksa ds ckn] mlus dgk] ^^gkWa] esjsikl rqEgkjs fy, ,d jkstxkj gSA**

mlus vius dkxtksa dh nksckjk ryk'kh ysuk 'kq: fd;k] vius p'es dks cnyk] v©j va/ksiuls] dkMksZ ds ,d <sj dh rjQ igqWapk] muesa ls lcls Åij okys dks mBk dj] vius lkeus j[kkv©j /khes ls fy[kuk 'kq: fd;kA ^^vc ;s dgkWa gS \ vkg! DySQke (Clapham)] D;k rqe DySQkedks tkurs gks \** mÙkj dh çrh{kk fd;s fcuk] mlus dguk tkjh j[kk] ^^;s QksVks dks çkslsl(process) djus dk dke gSA rqEgsa jkr dks dke djuk gksxkA if'peh Nksj ds] xyh ds QksVksxzkQjvius lkeku dks jkr dks ykrs gSa v©j vxys fnu lqcg muds çwQ (proof) dks ys tkrs gSaA ge] gkWaeq>s ns[kus nksA** og vfuf'prrk ds lkFk dkxtksa dks ns[krk jgk] ^^dbZ ckj rqEgsa [kqn] ,d dSejs dslkFk] ,d LFkkukié djus okys vkneh (relief man) ds :i esaa] if'peh fljs esa dke djuk iM+sxkAvc bl dkMZ dks ml irs ij ys tkvks v©j mlls feyks]** ,d uke dh rjQ] tks mlus iSafly lsdkMZ ij fy[kk Fkk] b'kkjk djrs gq,] mlus dgkA

DySQke] yanu ds LokLF;dkjd ftyksa esa ls ,d ughaa Fkk( ,d iryh fiNokM+s dh xyh esa]>qXxh >ksifM+;ksa ds chp] jsyos dh lkbfMax ds cxy ls] ml irs ij] tgkWa eSa x;k] okLro esa] ,dvlguh; LFkku FkkA eSaus ,d njokts ds Åij Fkidh nh] ftl ij ls jaxjksxu (paint) m[kM+ jgkFkk] v©j ftldh ,d f[kM+dh dk dkWap] ,d eksVs dkxt ls lq/kkjk x;k FkkA njoktk /khes ls [kqykv©j ,d QwgM+ v©jr us ckgj >kadk mlds psgjs ij fc[kjs gq, vLr&O;Lr cky FksA

;s \ vksg! rqe D;k pkgrs gks \ **eSaus mls crk;k] og fcuk dqN dgs eqM+h v©j >YykbZ] ^^,sjh

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¼gsjh½! dksbZ rqEgsa feyus vk;k gSA** eqM+rs gq,] mlus /kôk nsdj njokts dks can dj fn;kA eq>s ckgjdjrs gq,] njokts ij NksM+ fn;kA dqN le; ckn] njoktk [kqyk v©j ,d [kjkc lk fn[kus okykvkneh vk [kM+k gqvkA fcuk nk<+h cuk;s] dksbZ dkWyj ughaa] mlds fupys gksaB ls flxjsV >wyrh gqbZAmldh uEns okyh pIiyksa esa ls] mlds iSjksa dh maxfy;kaW] cM+s&cM+s Nsnkas esa ls fn[kkbZ ns jgha FkhaA

^^rqe D;k pkgrs gks] eqxsZ \** mlus dgk] eSus mls jkstxkj n¶rj dk dkMZ fn;k] mlus ogfy;k] v©j mls lÒh dks.kksa ls ns[kkA dkMZ ds ckn eq>s] v©j fQj okil dkMZ dks ns[kk] v©j rcdgk] ^^fons'kh] ;s \ DySQke esa ,sls cgqr ls gSaA ge fczfV'k yksxksa dh rjg ls] mrus pquko djus okysughaa gksrsA**

^^D;k vki eq>s dke ds ckjs esa crk;saxs \**^^vÒh ughaa** mlus dgk] ^îgys eq>s rqEgsa ns[kuk gSA vanj vkvks] eSa ryÄj (basement) esa

gWwaA**blds ckn og eqM+k v©j xk;c gks x;kA eSaus dkQh lEÒzfer voLFkk esa Äj esa ços'k fd;kA

og ryÄj esa dSls gks ldrk Fkk] tcfd og esjs lkeus [kM+k Fkk] v©j dSls “h] og ryÄj esa FkkAÄj ds gkWy esa va/ksjk FkkA eSa ogkWa ;s u tkurs gq, fd] dgkWa tkuk gS] [kM+k jgk v©j tSls gh

esjs iSjksa ij eglwl gksrh gqbZ ,d vkokt] esjs cxy ls ph[kh] eSa mNy iM+k] ^^gk; eqxsZ] D;k rqe uhpsughaa vk jgs gks \** iSjksa dh pyus dh vkokt] v©j ml vkneh dk flj] ftl ij eSaus igys /;kuughaa fn;k Fkk] /kqa/kys ls çdkf'kr ryÄj ds njokts ls fn[kkbZ fn;kA eSaus ydM+h dh dqN ttZjlhf<+;ksa ij] blls Mjrs gq, fd] fdlh “h {k.k eSa fxj ldrk gwWa-----uhps dh rjQ] mldk ihNk fd;kA^ôksbDl (woiks)!** vkneh us xÒZ lfgr dgkA mlds flxjsV ds /kqa,s dh ckM+ esa ls gks dj] vacjjax dk ,d gYdk lk cYc ped jgk FkkA okrkoj.k] ne ÄksaVw FkkA ,d nhokj ds lkFk] mldhyackbZ ds lkFk&lkFk ukyh cgrs gq,] ,d cSap FkhA blds lkFk] QksVksxzkQh dh r'rfj;kW]a dqN&dqNvarjkyksa ij] j[kha FkhaA blls cxy ls dqN gV dj] ,d est ij ,d lq/kjk gqvk ço/kZd j[kk Fkk]tcfd ,d nwljh cSap ij] lhls dh pknj ls <dha gqbZa] cM+h la[;k esa cksrysa j[kha FkhaA

^êsjk uke gsjh gS]** vkneh us dgk] ^^vius fofy;uksa (solutions) dks cukvks] rkfd eq>srqEgkjh fLFkfr fn[kkbZ nsA** ckn ds fopkj ds :i esa] mlus tksM+k] ^^ge ges'kk tksUlu dh fojks/khlaxr (Johnson's Constrasty) dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] tks mUgsa okLro esa lqUnj cuk nsrh gSA**

vius iSaV ds fiNys iqÎs ij] fn;klykbZ dh rhyh dks jxM+rs gq,] rkfd og flxjsV dks tyklds] gsjh cxy esa [kM+k gqvkA tYnh gh eSaus] fodflr djus okys (Developers)] #d dj /kksusokys (stop-bath)] v©j LFkkbZ cukus okys (fixers) fcfy;u cuk fy;sA

^^Bhd gS]** mlus dgkA ^^vc ml fQYe dh jhy dks idM+ks v©j mlesa ls dqN çwQ fudkydj fn[kkvksA eSa ,d ijh{k.k&iêh (test strip) cukus ds fy, x;k] ijarq mlus dgk] ^ûghaa] dkxtockZn er djks] mUgsa ikWap lsads.M nks**

^^gsjh esjs dk;Z ls larq"V gqvkA ^^ge ekfld osru nsrs gSa] mlus vdM+ dj pyrs gq, dgkAxkaBsa (nodes) er cukukA eSa flikgh dks ijs'kku ughaa djuk pkgrkA lÒh uwM~l eq>s ns nksA yM+dsdbZ ckj] fopkjksa dks iky ysrs gSa v©j dqN [kkl xzkgdksa ds fy,] [kkl uwM~l esa fQly tkrs gSaA mulcdks eq>s nsuk] le>s \ vc rqe vkt jkr dks nl cts ;gkWa dke 'kq: djks v©j lqcg lkr cts]rqEgkjh Nqêh gksxh] Bhd gSa \ rc] ;g O;ogkj iôk gqvkA*

ml jkr dks nl cts ls Bhd igys eSa] loZO;kih va/ksjs esa uEcjksa dks ns[kus dk ç;kl djrsgq,] xanh xyh esa py dj x;kA eSa Äj ij igqWapk v©j ml {kfrxzLr v©j QQksyss okys njokts dslkeus] csrjrhc lhf<+;ksa ij p<+kA Fkidh nsrs gq,] eSa lhf<+;ksa ij okil y©Vk v©j eSaus çrh{kk dh

136

ijarq yacs le; ds fy, ughaaA njoktk ,d >Vds lkFk] mu tax [kk;s gq, dCtksa dh ph[k ds lkFk]QVkd ls [kqykA ogh v©jr ogkWa Fkh] ftlus igys esjh Fkifd;ksa dk tokc fn;k FkkA ogh v©jr]ijarq] cnyh gqbZ v©jrA mlds psgjs ij ikmMj yxk gqvk Fkk v©j iksrk gqvk Fkk] mlds ckylko/kkuhiwoZd ygjk jgs Fks v©j mldh vf/kdka'k ikjn'khZ iks'kkd] mlds ihNs tyus okyh jks'kuh esa]Li"V foLrkj ds lkFk] mlds ekaly mÒkjksa dks fn[kk jgh FkhA mlus ,d p©M+h nar iafä ;qäeqLdku fn[kkrs gq,] eqLdku esjh vksj Qsadh v©j dgk] ^^vanj vkvks fç;A esjk uke eSjh gS] rqEgsa ;gkWafdlus “stk gS \** esjs mÙkj dh çrh{kk fd, fcuk] viuh uhps xys dh (low cut) iks'kkd dks] [krjsds lkFk fxjkrh gqbZ] og esjs lkeus dh vksj >qd xbZ] v©j mlus dguk tkjh j[kk] ^^vk/ks ÄaVs dsrhl f'kfyax yxsaxs] vFkok iwjh jkr ds rhu ikmUM nl f'kfyaxA eq>s eqæk;sa (tricks) vkrh gSa] fç;!**

T;ksa gh] og eq>s vanj Äqlus ds fy, btktr nsrh gqbZ Äweh] gkWy dh jks'kuh esa] esjk psgjkped x;kA mlus esjh nk<+h ns[kh v©j esjs Åij vkaW[kas rjsjhaA ^^vksg ;s rqe gks** mlus #[kkbZ ls dgk]v©j mlds psgjs ls eqLdku ,sls xk;c gks xbZ] tSls fd] xhys diM+s ls CySd cksMZ dks i©aN nsus lsp©d xk;c gks tkrh gSA og ÄjÄjkbZ] ^^esjk le; ockZn dj jgs gks] ;gkWa bl lc dk ij iwjk [;kygS] rqEgsa** og fpYykbZ] ^^rqEgsa ,d pkÒh ysuh iM+sxh] lkekU;r% eSa jkf= ds bl le;] O;Lr jgrh gwWaA**

eSa eqM+k] vius ihNs ds xyh ds njokts dks can fd;k] v©j viuk jkLrk ml “;kud ryÄjdh vksj uhps fy;kA ogkWa fodflr fd, tkus okys dSflVksa dk vackj yxk Fkk] eq>s ,slk yxk fd]yanu ds lÒh QksVksxzkQjksa us viuh fQYeksa dks ;gkWa QSad fn;k FkkA eSaus ukjdh; va/ksjs esa dSflVksa dks]muds ,d fljs ij fDyi yxk dj] v©j mUgsa jdkfc;ksa esa Mqcksrs gq,] mrkjus dk dke fd;kA^^DySd&DySd&DySd** le; crkus okyh ÄM+h (timer) pyrh xbZA dqN le; ckn] vpkud gh le;crkus okyh ÄaVh] eq>s ;s crkus ds fy, fd fQYe fojke&Vc (stop bath) esa tkus ds fy, rS;kj Fkh]can gks xbZA vçR;kf'kr vkokt us eq>s vius iSjksa ij mNky fn;k v©j esjk flj ,d uhps okys naM(beam) ls tk Vdjk;kA lÒh fQYeksa dks lekIr djds] mUgsa ,d feuV ds fy, fojke&Vc esa j[kdj] ckgj fudky dj] nksckjk fQj ckgj v©j vc LFkkbZdj.k okys Vc (fixing bath) esa ,d p©FkkbZÄaVs ds fy, nwljh Mqcdh] bl ckj gkbiks mUewyd (hypo eliminator) esa] v©j vc fQYe /kksus dsfy, rS;kj FkhA tc ;s fd;k tk jgk Fkk] eSaus vacj&cÙkh (amber light) dks tyk fn;k v©j dqNçwQksa dks cM+k dj fn;kA

nks ÄaVs ckn] esjh lkjh fQYesa fodflr] LFkkbZ] gks xbZa v©j /kqy xbaZ v©j esFkfyÑr fLçV(methylated sprit) ls 'khÄz lq[kk yha xbZaA eSa] pkj ÄaVs dke ds lkFk] cgqr rsth ls çxfr dj jgkFkkA eq>s “w[k yx jgh FkhA vius pkjksa rjQ ns[krs gq,] eq>s dsryh ds mckyus dk dksbZ rjhdk ughaafn[kkbZ fn;kA ogkWa mckyus ds fy, dsryh “h ughaa Fkh] dSls “h] eSa cSBk v©j eSaus viuh lsaMfopksa dks[kksyk v©j ihus dk ikuh “jus ds fy,] lko/kkuh ls QksVksxzkQh ds uius fxykl dks /kks;kA eSaus ;svk'p;Z djrs gq,] Åij jgus okyh v©jr ds fo"k; esa lkspk fd] og lqUnj xeZ pk; ih jgh gksxh]v©j ;s vk'kk djrs gq,] bPNk djrs gq, fd] og esjs fy, ,d di pk; ys vk;sxhA

rst jks'kuh dks vUnj vkus nsrs gq,] ryÄj dk njoktk] lhf<+;ksa ds ikl] >Vds ls] QVkdls] [kqykA eSa] [kqys gq, NikbZ ds dkxt ds ,d iSdsV dks <dus ds fy;s] blls igys fd çdk'kmldks [kjkc dj lds] tYnh ls mNy iM+kA eqM+us ls igys] pha&pha dh ,d vkokt vkbZ] ^^D;k rqe;gkW gks] ,d di pk; pkgrs gks \ vkt jkr dk dkedkt [kjkc gS v©j eSaus [kqn gh] viusfy;s ,d dsryh pk; cukbZ gSA rqe esjs fnekx ls ckgj ughaa fudy lds gksA ;s 'kk;n nqjkuwÒwfrgksuh pkfg;sA^^ og vius etkd ij [kqn gWalh v©j [kqu[kqukrh gqbZ lhf<+;ksa ij uhps vk;hA Vªs dksuhps j[krs gq,] vkokt djrs gq,] lkal ckgj NksM+rs gq,] og ydM+h dh lhV ij uhps cSBhA^^¶;w;w!^^

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mlus dgk] ^^D;k rqe ;gkW vk/ks Fkds gq, ughaa gksA^^ mlus vius igus gq, >axs dk csYV [kksy fn;k]uhps [khap dj [kksy fn;k & v©j esjs vkard ds fy;s] og blds uhps dqN “h ughaa igus Fkh! mlusesjh utj dks ns[kk v©j dqM+dqM+kbZ] ^êSa rqEgkjs fy;s dksf'k'k ughaa dj jgh gwW] rqEgkjs ikl gkFk esa]vkt jkr dks fodflr djus ds fy;s nwljs dke gSaA^^ tehu ij fxjrs gq,] mldk xkmu] lw[krs gq,fçaV dh ifjf/k ij igqWpk v©j og [kM+h gqbZA ^^th^^ og muesa ls ns[krs gq,] foLe; ls ph[kh] ^^D;kex \ eSa ughaa le>rh fd] ;s cq<~<s&cqf<+;k fp= D;ksa f[kpokrs gSaA^^ Li"V:i ls] fcuk [ksn O;ädjrs gq, vius Mªsaflax xkmu dks NksM+rh gqbZ] og fQj ls uhps cSBh & ;gkW xehZ Fkh] v©j eq>s xehZyx jgh FkhA

^^D;k rqe nqjkuwÒwfr esa fo'okl djrs gks \^^ mlus iwNkA ^ôkLro esa] eSa fo'okl djrk gwW^^ eSaus tcko fn;kA^^Bhd gS] eSaus fdys esa ,d çn'kZu ns[kk Fkk v©j os ogkW nwjkuwÒqfr djrs FksA eSaus dgk] ;g

vlyh gS] ijUrq esjs lkFkh us] tks eq>s ogkW ys x;k Fkk] dgk fd ;s lc >wB gS-----^^ghbfofLr`r xksch e:LFky91 ds ,d ;k=h ds laca/k esa] iwoZ dh ,d yksdksfä gS] mldk ÅWV

ej x;k Fkk v©j I;kl ls yxÒx ejk gqvk og O;fä] lkFk&lkFk jsax jgk FkkA vpkud vius vkxsmlus ns[kk] rks mls “sM+ dh ,d [kky ls cuh] ikuh ls “jh gqbZ ,d eld] ftls ;k=h vius lkFkys dj pyrs gSa] fn[kkbZ nhA fujk'kk ls] tYnh djrs gq,] og ikuh ihus ds fy;s >qdk v©j mlusik;k fd] blesa ek= cgqr cf<+;k çdkj ds ghjs “js gq, gSa] ftUgsa fdlh nwljs I;kls ;k=h us] viuk“kj mrkjus ds fy;s] Qsad fn;k FkkA if'pe dk ;gh rjhdk gS] yksx lkalkfjd lEifÙk;kWa pkgrs gSa]rduhdh çxfr pkgrs gSa] T;knk ls T;knk] vPNs ls vPNk] /kekdk djus okys jkWdsV] foeku]pkydghu ok;q;ku] v©j vc varfj{k esa [kkst djus dk ç;kl dj jgs gSaA okLrfod ewY;] vkdk'kh;;k=k,sa] vrhfUæ;Kku v©j nwjkuqÒwfr] bUgsa tkyh vFkok dkWfed ds pj.k esa le>rs gq,] cnys esa ;smUgsa 'kadk dh –f"V ls ns[krs gSaA

tc vaxzst “kjr esa Fks rks ;g “yhÒkWafr Kkr Fkk fd “kjrh;] foæksg dks crkus ds fy;s]vklku igqWpksa ds fy;s v©j fdlh “h pht] tks ubZ fnypLih dh gks] ls lacfU/kr lans'k] yEch nwjhrd “st ldrs FksA ,sls lans'k] ns'k Òj esa dsoy dqN Ä.Vksa esa QSy tkrs FksA ;gh pht] vÝhdkesa /;ku esa vkbZ v©j bls >kfM+;ksa dk nwjlapkj (Bush Telegraph) dgk tkrk FkkA çf'k{k.k ds lkFk]blds fy;s fdlh csrkj ds rkj dh vko';drk ughaa gksrhA gekjh ulksa dks >u>ukus ds fy;s] fdlhnwjÒk"k dh vko';drk ughaa gksrh FkhA yksx viuh vartkZr (innate) {kerkvksa ds lkFk] vius lans'kksadks “st ldrs FksA iwoZ esa bu ekeyksa esa 'krkfCn;ksa ls v/;;u py jgk gSSA iwohZ ns'kksa ds yksx] bufopkjksa ds lkFk lgkuqÒwfr j[krs gSa v©j çÑfr ls feyh bl “saV dks jksdus ds fy;s] muds ikl dksbZfu"ks/kkRed fopkj ughaa gSA

^êSjh]^^ eSaus dgk] ^êSa rqEgsa ,d NksVh rjdhc crkÅWxk] tks nwjkuqÒwfr vFkok inkFkZ ds Åijeu dk çn'kZu djrh gSA eku yks] eSa eu gwW v©j rqe inkFkZ gksA^^

mlus esjh rjQ lansgkRed :i ls ns[kk v©j ,d {k.k ds fy;s vkW[ksa “h rjsjha v©j rc mÙkjfn;k] ^^Bhd gS] veksnçeksn ds fy;s dksbZ “h pht pysxhA

91 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % xksch dk vFkZ gksrk gS v)Z e#LFkyA ;s ,f'k;k dk ,d cM+k e#LFky {ks= gS tks mÙkjh if'peh phu ds vkSj nf{k.kh eaxkfy;k ds {ks=ksa rdfofLrr gSA bldk foLrkj vVkbZ ioZrkas vkSj mÙkj esasa eaxksfy;k ds Äkl ds eSnkuksa rd gS vkSj blds if'pe esa rkdyk ekdy e#LFky gSA bfrgkl easa xksch dks js'kehlM+d ds lkFk&lkFk] vusd egRoiw.kZ uxjksa dh fLFkfr ds dkj.k] vkSj egku eaxksy lkezkT; ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA

xksch o"kkZ dh Nk;k ds {ks= ds dkj.k] tks fgeky; ioZr Jsf.k;ksaa ls curh gS] e#LFky gSA ;s ioZr Jsf.k;kWa] fgan egklkxj ls vkus okys cknyksaa dks xksch {ks=esa tkus ls jksd nsrh gSa] Qyr% ogka o"kkZ cgqr de gksrh gS vkSj okf"kZd o"kkZ yxÒx 7-6 bap gSA xksch dk {ks=QYk yxÒx ikap yk[k oxZ ehy ;k ckjg yk[k fiUpkuosgtkj oxZ fdyksehVj gSA lfnZ;ksa esa vkSlr rki] &40 fMxzh lsaUVhxzsM jgrk gS] tcfd xfeZ;ksa esaa vkSlr rki] yxÒx 50 fMxzh lsUVhxzsM jgrk gSA xksch e#LFky essa vusdegRoiw.kZ thok"e ik, tkrs gSaA Mkbuklksj ds v.Mksa dk igyk thok"e ;gha çkIr gqvk FkkA rkacs vkSj lksus dh [knkusa vks;w rksyxksbZ esa gSa] tks eaxksfy;k esa phuh lhek lsyxÒx 80 fdyksehVj nwj gSaA

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eSaus mldh xnZu ij] ihNs ihB ij] ,d ePNj ls mls dVokus dh dYiuk djrs gq,] viusfopkjksa dks dsfUær fd;kA eSaus vius fopkjksa esa] ml ePNj dks dkVrs gq, ns[kkA vpkud gh eSjh us]ml /kkok djus okys dhV dk o.kZu djus ds fy;s] ,d cgqr 'kjkjrh 'kCn dgrs gq,] viuh xnZudks ihNs ds fgLls ls >VdkA eSaus fopkjksa esa lkspk fd] mlds dkVus dk t[e xgjk gks jgk gS] v©jrc mlus esjh rjQ ns[kk v©j galh] ^^mlus eq>ls dgk] ;fn eSa ,slk dj ldrh rks eSa fuf'pr:i lsvius mu lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk tks eq>s feyus vkrs gSa] dqN e©t djrhA^^

eSa] jkr ds ckn jkrksa esa] ml xans eSys dqpSys Äj esa] fiNckM+s dh ml xanh xyh esa x;kAcgq/kk] eSjh tc O;Lr ughaa gksrh] rks og pk; dh dsVyh ds lkFk] ckr djus v©j lquus ds fy;s vktkrhA /khes&/khes eq>s ;g tkudkjh gqbZ fd] ckgjh vkoj.k ds ihNs viuh dksBjh esa] tks thou ogth jgh Fkh] mlds ckotwn] og okLro esa] tks vko';drk esa gksa] muds çfr dkQh n;kyq v©jr FkhAmlus eq>s ml vkneh ds ckjs esa crk;k] ftlus eq>s dke fn;k Fkk v©j eq>s eghus ds vk[kjh fnu]Äj esa jgus ds fy;s] lko/kku dj fn;k FkkA

jkr ds ckn jkr] eSaus fQYeksa dks fodflr fd;k v©j muds fçaV mBk;s v©j gj pht dksvxys fnu] lqcg tYnh okil ys tkus ds fy;s] rS;kj j[kkA iwjs eghus “j] eSaus eSjh dks NksM+ vU;fdlh dks] ogkWa ughaa ns[kk] rc bdÙkhl rkjh[k dks] eSa nsj rd ogkW #dkA u© cts ds djhc] ,d /kwrZlk fn[kus okyk O;fä] 'kksj djrk gqvk] fcuk xyhps okyh lhf<+;ksa ds Åij ls pyrk gqvk] uhpsvk;kA og uhps vkdj #dk] v©j mlus [kqys fojks/k ds lkFk eq>s ns[kkA ^^lkspks rqe viuk igyk“qxrku çkIr djus okys gks] , \^^ mlus tksj nsrs gq,] /kedh ds lkFk dgkA ^^rqe jkr dks dke djusokys vkneh gks] ;gkW ls tkvksA^^

^^tc eSa rS;kj gksÅWxk] rc eSa ;gkW ls tkÅWxk] blls igys ughaa]^^ eSaus mÙkj fn;kA ^^rqe ***!"mlus dgk] ^êSa rqEgsa vius gksaB can j[kuk fl[kkÅWxk^^

mlus ,d cksry dks Nhuk] nhokj ls Vdjk dj mldh xnZu rksM+h] v©j mls ys dj] uqdhys/kkjnkj VqdM+s dks lh/ks esjs psgjs ij fu'kkuk lk/krs gq,] eq> ij >iVkA eSa Fkdk gqvk] v©j FkksM+kfpM+fpM+k “h FkkA eq>s] iwoZ ds egku O;fä;ksa esa ls dqN ds }kjk] yM+kbZ yM+uk fl[kk;k x;k FkkA eSausml nqcZy ls] ukVs vkneh dks] vL=foghu dj fn;k & ,d lk/kkj.k lk dk;Z & v©j mldh tksjnkjfiVkbZ djrs gq,] tSlh blls igys 'kk;n gh dÒh gqbZ gks] mls vius ÄqVuksa ij fxjk fn;kA eSjh]ph[kksa dks lqurs gq,] vius fcLrj ls n©M+rh gqbZ vkbZ v©j lhf<+;ksa ij –'; dk etk ysrs gq, cSBxbZA og O;fä] okLro esa jks jgk Fkk] blfy;s eSaus mlds flj dks QksVks /kksus okys VSad esa /kdsyfn;k] ftlls og vius vkalw /kks lds v©j “íh “k"kk ds çokg dks jksdsA tSls gh eSaus mls [kM+k gksusfn;kA eSaus dgk] ^^ml dksus esa [kM+s gks tkvks v©j ;fn rqe] tc rd eSa ughaa dgwW] mlls igys fgys]rks eSa nqckjk ;gh lc 'kq: dj nwxkWA^^ og ughaa fgykA

^êsjs “xoku! ;s mldh lwth gqbZ vkW[kksa esa ls fudyh ,d vkg Fkh]^^ eSjh us dgkA ^^;s ukVklk] NksVk lk] efj;y lk] lksgks fxjksgksa (soho gangs) esa ls ,d dk usrk gS] rqeus mls “;Òhr djfn;k gS] og ;s lksprk Fkk fd] og ges'kk ls gh lcls vPNk yM+kdk gS] og FkkA

eSa cSBk v©j eSaus çrh{kk dhA yxÒx ,d Ä.Vs ckn] og O;fä] ftlus eq>s dke ij yxk;kFkk] lhf<+;ksa ls uhps vk;k] tSls gh mlus eq>s v©j xq.Ms dks ns[kk] og ihyk iM+ x;kA ^êq>s viukiSlk pkfg;s]^^ eSaus dgkA ^^;s cgqr [kjkc eghuk xqtjk gS] esjs ikl dksbZ iSlk ughaa gS] eq>s vius cpkods fy;s] mls “h nsuk gksrk gS]^^ mlus ml xq.Ms dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, dgkA

eSaus mls ns[kkA ^^D;k rqe le>rs gks fd] eSa bl etcwr [kksyh esa dqN u ikus ds fy;s] dkedj jgk gWw \^^ eSaus iwNkA

139

^êq>s dqN fnu nks v©j ;fn eSa dqN bdÎk dj ldk] rks eSa ns[kwxkWA ^ôg^^& xq.Ms dh rjQb'kkjk djrs gq, cksyk& eq>ls iwjk iSlk ys ysrk gS D;ksafd ;fn eSa mls ughaa nwwW] rks esjs vkneh eqlhcresa Qal tkrs gSaA^^

dksbZ iSlk ughaa] dqN ikus dh dksbZ vk'kk ughaa] dqN “h ughaa! eSaus vkxs nks g¶rksa rd] ;s tkjhj[kus ds fy;s] dgha ls “h iSlk ykus ds fy;s] ckWl dks le; nsus ds fy;s] viuh lgefr ns nhA ;slksprs gq, fd] eSa fdruk l©ÒkX;'kkyh Fkk fd] eSaus fdjk;k cpkus ds fy;s] DySQke tkus ds fy;s]lkbZfdy dk ç;ksx fd;k Fkk] nq[k ds lkFk eSaus Äj NksM+ fn;kA tSls gh eSaus viuh lkbZfdy dkrkyk [kksyk] og xq.Mk xqIr:i ls eq> rd] vkM+s&frjNs ¼fNirs&fNikrs½ vk;kA ^^dgks] xqo]^^ og“jkZbZ gq;h vkokt esa QqlQqlk;k] ^^D;k rqe vPNk dke pkgrs gks \ esjh rjQ ns[kksA ,d g¶rs dschl fDoM (quid) feysaxs] lÒh feysaxsA^^

^ûkd cgrs gq,] ukd dh NksVh fipdkjh ekjrs gq, rqe] ;gkW ls “kxks ^ eSaus :B dj tckofn;kA

^^,d g¶rs ds iPphl fDoM!**T;ksa gh eSa >qa>ykgV esa mldh rjQ eqM+k] og “quÒqukrk gqvk] QqrhZ ls QqlQqlkrk gqvk]

ckgj pyk x;k] ^êSa bls rhl dj nwxkWa] v©j ftruh “h v©jrsa rqe pkgks] v©j ftruh “h 'kjkc rqeih ldrs gks] lcls vPNk çLrkoA ;g ,d [ksy gksxk^^

esjs psgjs ds “koksa dks i<+rs gq,] og jsfyax ds Åij ryÄj ds lkFk n©M+k v©j fdlh ds futhdejksa esa xk;c gks x;kA eSa eqM+k] lkbZfdy ij p<+k] v©j p<+ dj pykA

;s çfØ;k djrs gq, v©j xfy;ksa esa pôj yxkrs gq, v©j ,d lM+d Nki QksVskxzkQj ds :iesa] yxÒx rhu eghus rd eSaus dke dks tkjh j[kk ijUrq] u rks eq>s] u gh nwljs vknfe;ksa dks] dqNfeykA var esa fujk'kk ds lkFk] geus lc dqN lekIr dj fn;kA

vc rd ge] cstokVj (Bayswater)92 ftys esa] mu lansgiw.kZ çkax.kksa ij tk pqds Fks] v©jdke ikus ds ç;kl esa] ,d ds ckn ,d jkstxkj n¶rjksa esa ÄwesA var esa] 'kk;n eq>ls NqVdkjk ikusds fy;s ,d vf/kdkjh us dgk] ^^rqe mPp fu;qfä;ksa dh 'kk[kkvksa esa D;ksa ughaa tkrs] tks VsfoLVkWdLDok;j (Tevistock Square) esa gSa \ eSa rqEgsa ,d dkMZ nwWxkA vk'kk ls “jk gqvk eSa] VsfoLVkWdLDok;j esa x;kA eq>s lqUnj&lqUnj ok;ns fd;s x;s] muesa ls ,d ;gkW gS %

dke ds fygkt ls] gkW ge rqEgsa Bhd cSB ldrs gSa] gesa LdkWVys.M (Scotland)93 esa] dsFkuSl(Cathness)94 esa] vius u;s ijek.kq 'kks/k laLFkku ds fy;s ,d vkneh pkfg;sA D;k rqe lk{kkRdkj dsfy;s ogkW igqWpksxs \^^ mlus esgur ls] vius dkxtkrksa dk <sj yxk;kA

eSaus mÙkj fn;k] ^^D;k vki ;k=k O;; nsrs gSa \^^

92 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % cstokVj dsUæh; yanu esa] osLV feLVj ftys esas ,d {ks= gSA ;g yanu ds vR;k/kqfud {ks=ksa eas ls ,d gSA ewy vaxzst yskxksa ds vykok ;gka vusdjk"Vªh;rk ds yksx Òh jgrs gSaA fo'ks"k:i ls] ;gkWa vjc vkcknh cgqrk;r ls gS] xzhd dk lekt cgqr cM+k gS] vkSj vusd vejhdh vkSj yanu dh lcls cM+h czkthyh;leqnk; ds yksx ;gkWa jgrs gSaA

93 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % LdkWVys.M ,d dkmaVh gS tks fczfV'k jkT; dk Òkx gS vkSj xzsV fczVsu ds mRRkjh ,d frgkbZ }hi dks Äsjrk gSA bldh lhek nf{k.k dh vksjbXys.M ls feyrh gS] vkSj ckdh lÒh vksj ,VykafVd egklkxj ls] iwoZ esa mÙkjh lkxj ls vkSj mÙkjh pSuy vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ esa vk;jys.M ds leqzæ ls feyrh gSA bldslkFk] bl dkmaVh dk eq[; Òkx] yxÒx 790 NksVs&NksVs }hiksa ls fey dj cuk gS ftlesa mÙkjh vkbZlsy vkSj gsczhMs'k Òh 'kkfey gSaA

,fMUkoxZ] bl dkmaVh dh jkt/kkuh vkSj nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgj vkSj 18oha 'krkCnh esa LdkWVh clkcV dk lcls cM+k dsUæz gS] ftlus LdkWVyS.M dks baXyS.M ds,d O;kikfjd] ckSf)d vkSj vkS|kSfxd 'kfä dsUæ ds :i esa fodflr fd;kA Xyklxks] LdkWVys.M dk lcls cM+k 'kgj] igys dÒh bXys.M ds cM+s vkS|kSfxd uxjksa esa jgkgSA vc LdkWVys.M dk rhljk lcls cM+k 'kgj vkoMhZu] ftls ^^;wjksi ds rsy dh jkt/kkuh** dk f[krkc fn;k x;k gSA

LdkWVys.M us] çFke fo'o;q) esa] u dsoy eNfy;k¡] ekuo 'kfä] ty;ku] e'khusa vkSj /ku fn;k] ofYd egRoiw.kZ Òwfedk vnk dhA 1911 eas bldh vkcknh 48yk[k Fkh ftlesa ls yxÒx ipkl gtkj ls vf/kd yksx ;q) esa Òsts x, Fks] ftuesa ls ,d pkSFkkbZ ls vf/kd ekjs x, ;k chekj gks x, vkSj Ms<+ yk[k yksx xaÒhj :Ik lsÄk;y gq,A yq¶rckQs ds 'kgj ds Åij Ò;adj ceckjh gksus ds ckotwn] f}rh; fo'o;q) us blesa] u, fljs ls [kq'kgkyh iSnk dhA jkscksV ckVlu ckV us ;gka jkMkj dkvkfo"dkj fd;k tks fczVsu ds ;q) ds fy, vewY; fl) gqvkA LdkWVys.M esa ikap çeqq[k varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vìs Xyklxks] ,MhuoxZ] vkoMhZu] çsLVfedh vkSj buojusl gSaA

94 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dSFkusl LdkWVys.M dk LFkkuh; ç'kklu {ks= gSA dSFkusl lwrjyS.M ds lkFk nf{k.kh lhek cukrk gS vU;Fkk mldh iwjh lhek leqæh gSA dSFkuslfod esa ,d gokbZ vìk gSA LVksek dk isUVkyS.M QFkZ}hi dSFkusl esa gSA ;s mRRkj nf{k.k essa 30 ehy vkSj iwoZ if'pe esa Òh 30 ehy] QSyk gqvk gS] ftldk {ks=Qy yxÒx712 oxZehy gSA

140

^^vksg! fç;] fç; ughaa ^ mldk nenkj tcko Fkk] ^^rqEgsa vius [kpZ ij ogkW tkuk gksxkA^^nwljs e©ds ij] eSaus vius [kpsZ ij] OgsYl (Wales) esa dkfMZxu (Cardigan)95 dh ;k=k dhA

lfoy bathfu;fjax dk tkudkj] ,d vkneh pkfg;s FkkA iwjk bXys.M ikj djds csYl esa] eSa vius[kpsZ ij x;kA LVs'ku] lk{kkRdkj ds LFkku ls lnek nsus okyh nwjh ij FkkA eSa dkMhZxu dh xfy;ksaesa iSny py dj x;k v©j mlds nwljs fljs ij igqWpkA ^êsjs “xoku] esjs “xoku] okLro esa] ;svÒh ,d yEck jkLrk gS] ns[kks ^ ,d v©jr us] ftlls eSaus jkLrk iwNk Fkk] vkuUn ds lkFk dgkA eSapyrk x;k] pyrk x;k] v©j var esa isM+ksa ds ihNs fNis] ,d Äj ds ços'k}kj ij igqWpkA lM+d ijj[kj[kko cgqr vPNk FkkA ;g cgqr yEch “h Fkh( igkM+ ij ÅWaph p<+kbZA eSa var esa Äj ij igqWpkAuez O;fä us] ftlus eq>s ns[kk] esjs dkxtkrksa dks ns[kk ¼ tks eq>s ls 'kaÄkbZ ls bXys.M “sts x;s Fks½Amlus ns[ks v©j vuqeksnu esa flj fgyk;kA ^^,sls dkxtkrksa ds lkFk] rqEgsa jkstxkj çkIr djus esa dksbZijs'kkuh ughaa gksuh pkfg;sA^^ mlus dgkA ^^nqÒkZX;o'k] rqEgsa bXys.M esa flfoy bathfu;fjax ds Bsdksadk dksbZ vuqÒo ughaa gSA blfy;s eSa rqEgsa dksbZ fu;qfä ughaa ns ldrkA ysfdu eq>dks crkvksA ^^mlusdgk] ^^rqe ,d ;ksX;rk çkIr MkWDVj gks] rqeus flfoy bathfu;fjax dk v/;;u D;ksa fd;k\ eSa ns[kjgk gwW fd] rqEgkjs ikl flfoy bathfu;fjax esa Lukrd dh mikf/k “h gSA^^

^^,d fpfdRlh; O;fä ds :i esa] eq>s nwjLFk ftyksa dh ;k=k djuh iM+rh Fkh] v©j eSa [kqndk vLirky cuus ds ;ksX; gksuk pkgrk Fkk]^^ eSaus dgkA

^^ge~Ei-----^^ og “quÒquk;k] eSa pkgrk Fkk fd] eSa rqEgkjh enn dj ikÅW ijUrq dj ughaa ldrkAckn esa] eSa dkMhZxu dh xfy;ksa esa Äwerk jgk v©j okfil fMª;jh (dreary) jsYos LVs'ku vk;kA

,d Vªsu ds fy;s nks Ä.Vs çrh{kk djuh Fkh] ijUrq var esa] eSa ;s lc crkus ds fy;s Äj igqWpk] ,dckj fQj dksbZ dke ughaa feykA vxys fnu] eSa okil jkstxkj dk;kZy; x;kA est ij cSBk gqvkvkneh & D;k og dÒh fgyk \ eSaus vk'p;Z fd;k] dgk] ^êSa dgrk gwwW] cw<+s yM+ds] ge ;gkW ckr ughaadj ldrsA eq>s ckgj yap ij ys tkvks v©j eSa rqEgs dqN crkÅxkW] D;k \^^

,d Ä.Vs ls vf/kd le; ds fy;s] eSa VkyeVksy djrs gq,] xyh ds ckgj f[kM+fd;ksa esa ns[krsgq,] v©j ;s vk'kk djrs gq, fd] esjs iSjksa dk nnZ [kRe gks tk;s] Äwerk jgkA yanu dh iqfyl ds ,dflikgh us eq>s dM+csiu ls ns[kkA xyh ds nwljs fljs ls] LIk"V:i ls og ;g r; djus esa l{ke ughaaFkk] fd D;k eSa ,d gkfu jfgr O;fä Fkk vFkok ,d “koh cSad yqVsjkA 'kk;n mlds iSjks esa “h nnZgks jgk FkkA var esa] th.kZ'kh.kZ lhf<+;ksa ij ls vkokt djrk gqvk og vkneh] est ls mBkA ^ûEcjmU;klh cw<+s yM+ds] rqe mU;klh uEcj dh cl yksxsA eSa ,d lqUnj NksVk LFkku tkurk gwW] tks lsokog nsrs gS] mlds fy;s dkQh Bhd FkkA^^ ge xyh esa pys] mU;klh uEcj dh cl idM+h v©j 'khÄzgh vius fBdkus ij igqpsA mu jsL=kvksa esa] cxy dh xfy;ksa esa] eq[; vke jkLrs ls gV dj] tgkWftruh NksVh bekjr Fkh mruk gh cM+k çÒko FkkA vkneh us viuh est ij v©j eSaus est ds fcukviuk yap fy;k] esjk yap cgqr vYiO;;h Fkk v©j mldk cgqr vf/kd “O;] [kphZyk] v©j rc ,dlarks"k dh vkg ds lkFk mlus dgk] ^^rqe tkurs gks] cw<+s yM+ds] rqe yksx vPNk jkstxkj ikus dhvk'kk j[krs gks] ysfdu] D;k rqeus lkspk gS fd] ;fn vPNh fu;qfä;kW miyC/k gksrha] bruh vPNh] rksigys] LVkQ esa ls ge gh yksxksa us] ys yha gksrha \ gekjs vius dke esa] ge lq[kh ughaa jg ikrs] rqetkurs gksA^^

95 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % dkfMZxu feM osYl esa dkfMZxu dkmaVh dk ,d 'kgj gS ;s VhQh unh ds Tokj ds igqaap ds ikl calk gqvk gS tgka ØkfMZxu] isuczksl ds 'kk;j lsfeyrh gSA ;s dkfMZxu 'kk;j dkmaVh dk] ,d ,sfrgkfld 'kgj Fkk vkSj orZeku esa dkfMZxu dkmaVh dk nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgj gSA

dkfMZZxu dh clkgV] ukWeZu fdys ds vklikl fodflr gqbZ] ftls 11oha 'krkCnh ds ckn esa vkSj 12 oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaÒ esa] cuk;k x;k FkkA 18oha 'krkCnh esa'kgj ,d çeq[k cUnjxkg cu x;k tks 20oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaÒ esa iru esa pyk x;kA dkfMZxu dh vkcknh yxÒx 4200 gSA u;k dkfMZxu ,d NksVk lk vkSj O;Lr uxjgSA ftlesa [kqnjk O;kikj f'k{kk] LokLF;] iwtk vkSj [ksy dh lqfo/kk,a çnku dh tkrh gSaA tc ukWeZu dh lsuk us dkfMZxu dks foftr fd;k] jkWcksV eksaVxksejh }kjk] 1093esa ,d fdyk cuk;k x;kA dkfMZxu dh Òk"kk eq[;:i ls osY'k Òk"kk gSA dkfMZxu dk tyok;q [kq'kuqek gS] tgkWa xfeZ;kWa vkjkenk;d vkSj lfnZ;k B.Mh gksrh gSaA

141

^^Bhd gS]^^ eSaus dgk] bl fiNM+s gq, 'kgj esa ;k blds ckgj] jkstxkj ikus dk dksbZ rks jkLrkgksxkA^^

^îjs'kkuh ;s gS fd] rqe vyx fn[kkbZ nsrs gks] rqe /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gks] rqe chekj “hfn[krs gks] ;fn rqe viuh nk<+h eqM+k yks rks] ;s 'kk;n rqEgkjh enn dj ldrh gSA^^ Li"V:i ls] ;svk'p;Z djrs gq, fd] ,d lqUnj ls cgkus ls dSls ;gkW ls “kxk tk;s] mlus vfu'p;iwoZd esjh vksjVdVdh yxk dj ns[kkA lglk mlus viuh ÄM+h dh vksj ns[kk v©j [krjs esa vius iSjkas ijmNyk( ^êSa dgrk gwW] cw<+s yM+ds] eq>s 'khÄz gh ;gkW ls mM+ ysuk pkfg;s] rqe tkurs gks] xqykeksa dkcw<+k Lokeh] eq>s ns[k jgk gksxkA^^ mlus esjh “qtkvksa dks FkiFkik;k v©j dgk] ^^Vk Vk] gekjs iklvkus esa viuk iSlk cckZn u djks] cSjksa v©j ,sls gh nwljs dkeksa dks NksM+ dj] gekjs ikl lkekU;r%dksbZ u©dfj;kW ughaaA^^ blds lkFk gh og Äwek v©j vius “kjh Òjde fcy dk “qxrku esjs ÅijNksM+rs gq, xk;c gks x;kA

eSa xyh esa Äwerk jgkA dqN vPNk djus dh bPNk ds lkFk] eSaus ,d nqdku dh f[kM+fd;ksa esayxs gq, NksVs foKkiuksa dh vksj ns[kkA ^^vius NksVs cPps ds lkFk] u©toku fo/kok] dke djuk pkgrhgS -------^^ ^^vkneh] dfBu uôk'kh ds dke dks djus okyk] deh'ku ds vk/kkj ij pkfg;s]^^ ^êfgykesl;wt (Lady Masseuse)] vius Äj ij bykt djrh gSA^^ ¼eSa 'krZ yxk ldrk gwW] ;fn ogdjrh gks] eSaus lkspk½ eSa T;ksa gh vkxs pyk] eSa ,d ç'u ds Åij pfdr gqvk( ;fn iqjkru iaFkh,atsfl;kW] C;wjks] ,Dlpsat vkfn esjh enn ughaa ldrs rks eSa nqdku dh f[kM+fd;ksa esa yxs foKkiuksa dklgkjk D;ksa u ywwWA D;ksa ughaa \^^ esjs Fkds gq, iSjksa us dgk] pwafd og “kjh gks jgs Fks] esgur ij[kks[kys gks jgs Fks v©j QqVikFk ij vlgkuqÒwfriw.kZ gks jgs FksA

ml jkr] Äj ij eSaus] ;g lqy>kus ds fy;s fd] ftank dSls jgk tk;s v©j çÒke.My ds 'kks/kdk;ksZ dks tkjh j[kus ds fy;s i;kZIr /ku dSls çkIr fd;k tk;s] vius fnekx dks n©M+k;kA var esa]eSaus Ng iksLVdkMZ] ;s dgrs gq, Vkbi fd;s] ^^fpfdRlk dk MkWDVj ¼fczVsu esa iathÑr ughaa½euksfpfdRlh; ekeyksa esa] viuh lgk;rk dk çLrko nsrk gSA vUnj iwNrkN djsaA^^ eSaus nwljs Ng “hrS;kj fd;s] ftu ij fy[kk Fkk] ^Ô;kolkf;d O;fä] vR;f/kd foLrkj ds lkFk Äwek gqvk] oSKkfud;ksX;rk,sa] fdlh “h vlkekU; lsok ds fy;s çLrkfor djrk gSA mRÑ"V lanÒZA fy[ksa ckWDl ua----------]^^ vxys fnu yanu dh dqN nqdkuksa dh f[kM+fd;ksa esa] foKkiuksa ds çeq[k :i ls çnf'kZr gksusds ckn] eSa ifj.kkeksa dh çrh{kk ds fy;s okfil vk dj cSB x;kA ;s vk;sA eSaus viuk [kpZ pykus dsfy;s euksoSKkfud dk;Z çkIr djus dh i;kZIr O;oLFkk dh v©j esjh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk dh vkx] /khes lsdqN lq/kjhA vfrfjä dk;Z ds :i esa] eSaus eqä foKkiu djuk 'kq: fd;k] v©j bXys.M dh lclscM+h dEifu;ksa esa ls ,d nokbZ cukus okyh dEiuh us eq>s va'kdkyhu dke fn;kA bldklapkyd] ,d MkWDVj Fkk] tks cgqr gh mRiknd v©j ekuoh; lapkyd Fkk] mlls eSa feyk] mlus eq>sys fy;k gksrk ;fn LVkQ dh chek ;kstuk] tks pkyw Fkh og ughaa gksrhA eSa cgqr T;knk chekj v©jcgqr T;knk cw<+k FkkA 'kjhj dks cnyus dk “kj vR;f/kd FkkA u;s 'kjhj ds lc v.kqvksa dks cnyusdk ruko] esjs fy;s yxÒx bruk vf/kd Fkk fd 'kk;n] eSa gh mls >sy ik jgk Fkk] fQj “h] foKkuds fgr esa] eSa bl ij VwV iM+kA vc eSa vf/kd vko`fr ds lkFk] ;k=k djus yxkA jkr dks lw{e'kjhjls frCcr ds fy;s v©j lIrkg ds var esa] tc eSa tkurk Fkk fd] eq>s ijs'kku ughaa fd;k tk;sxkD;ksafd] tks vkneh lw{e'kjhj ls ;k=k dj jgk gS] mlds 'kjhj dks NsM+uk] ljyrk ls ekjd gksldrk gSA eq>s rlYyh nsus okys] esjs lg;ksxh] os mPp ykek Fks] tks eq>s lw{Ek'kjhj esa feyrs Fks] v©jesjk buke] esjs dk;kZs ds çfr mudh ljkguk ds :i esa FkkA ,slh gh ,d ;k=k ij] eSa vius vR;f/kdfç; ikyrw tkuoj] ,d fcYyh ftldh ç[kjrk] vusdksa vknfe;ksa dks 'kfeZnk dj ns] ds xqtjus ij]

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'kksd euk jgk FkkA ,d cw<+k ykek] lw{e'kjhj esa] esjs lkFk lgkuqÒwfr esa eqLdjk;k v©j mlus dgk]^êsjs “kbZ! D;k ljlksa ds cht dh og dgkuh rqEgsa ;kn ughaa gS \^^ ljlksa dk cht] gkW fdrus vPNhrjhds ls ;s eq>s ;kn gS] gekjs /keZ dh ,d f'k{kk-------

cspkjh xjhc v©jr dk igyk iSnk gqvk cPpk] xqtj x;k FkkA nq[k ls yxÒx ckcjh gqbZ] og'kgj dh xfy;ksa ds chp fQjrh jgh] fdlh dks vius thou esa vius cPps dks fQj ls thfor djusfy;s] fdlh dh nqgkbZ nsrs gq,A dqN yksx mldh fxjh gqbZ gkyr ij eqM+s] dqN yksxksa us ukd “©ap<+kbZa v©j mldks ikxy dgrs gq,] ;s crkrs gq, fd] mldks ;g fo'okl djuk pkfg;s fd] mldscPps dks iquZthfor ughaa fd;k tk ldrk] mldk migkl fd;kA ijUrq] mls lkWaRouk ughaa fey ldh]v©j fdlh ls ,sls 'kCn ughaa feys] tks mlds d"V dks gYdk dj ldrsA var esa] ,d cw<+s iqtkjh usmldh vR;f/kd fujk'kk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] mldks cqyk;k v©j dgk] ^^bl nqfu;kWa esa ,d ghvkneh gS] tks rqEgkjh enn dj ldrk gSA og iw.kZ gS cq)] tks igkM+ dh pksVh ij jgrk gS] tkvksv©j tk dj mlls feyksA^^

toku 'kksd larÌr ekW] vius nq[k ds “kj ls] mldk [kqn dk 'kjhj “h nnZ dj jgk Fkk] /khes&/khes] ml dBksj igkM+ ij p<+h v©j var esa] ,d dksus dh rjQ eqM+h v©j ns[kk fd] cq) ,d pêkuij cSBs gSaA n.Mor djrs gq, og fpYykbZ] ^^ vks cq)] esjs cPps dks okil thfor dj nksA^^ v©j cq);g dgrs gq, mBs] ^^'kgj esa tkvksA Äj&Äj esa tkvks v©j ml Äj esa ls] ftlesa dÒh fdlh dh e©rughaa gqbZ gks] ljlksa dk ,d nkuk yk dj eq>s ns nks]^^ ml cspkjh v©jr dks viuk uez Li'kZ fn;kAog toku v©jr] T;ksa gh vius iSjksa ij [kM+h gqbZ] meax esa t; t; dkj djus yxh v©j rsth lsioZr ds cxy ls uhps mrjhA tYnh ls og igys Äj esa xbZ v©j mlus dgk] ^^cq) us eq>s vk'oklufn;k gS] v©j ,d Äj ls] tks dÒh e©r dks Kkr ughaa gqvk gks] ljlksa dk ,d nkuk ykus ds fy;svkKk nh gSA**

^^bl Äj esa]^^ mls ,slk crk;k x;k] ^^vusd yksx ej pqds gSaA^^vxys Äj esa mls crk;k x;k] ^^;s dguk vlaÒo gS fd] ;gkW fdrus yksx ej pqds gSa]

D;ksafd ;g ,d iqjkuk Äj gSA^ôg ,d Äj ls nwljs Äj rd xbZ] iwjh xyh esa] vxyh xyh esa] v©j ,d ds ckn ,dA vkjke

ds fy;s ;k [kkus ds fy;s eqf'dy ls #drs gq,] og iwjs 'kgj esa Äj&Äj xbZ v©j mls ,d “h ,slkÄj ughaa feyk] ftlesa dÒh u dÒh e©r dk vkxeu u gqvk gksA

/khes ls] mlus vius dne] igkM+h p<+kbZ dh vksj c<+k;sA cq) igys dh rjg ls] /;ku esa cSBsFksA ^^D;k rqe ljlksa dk nkuk ykbZ gks \^^ mUgksaus iwNkA

^ûghaa v©j u eSa vc ykuk pkgrh gwW]^^ mlus dgkA esjs nq%[k us eq>s va/kk cuk fn;k Fkk]ftlls eSaus lkspk fd] dsoy eq>s gh ;s nq%[k v©j ;kruk >syuh iM+h gSA^^

^^rks rqe ;gkW nqckjk esjs ikl D;ksa vkbZ gks \^^ cq) us iwNkA ^^;s dgus ds fy;s fd] D;k vki eq>s lR; fl[kk;saxss]^^ mlus mÙkj fn;kA v©j rc cq) us mls crk;k% ^êuq";ksa ds bl iwjs fo'o esa v©j nsorkvksa ds lÒh fo'oksa esa

dsoy ;gh fu;e gS% lÒh phtsa vLFkkbZ gSaAgkW] eSa lÒh f'k{kkvksa dks tkurk Fkk] ijUrq ,d fç; dh gkfu] vÒh ,d gkfu gh gSA cw<+k

ykek] fQj ls eqLdjk;k v©j mlus dgk] ^^ rqEgkjs bl dBksj v©j eqf'dy thou esa] rqedksfo'ks"k :i ls vkufUnr djus ds fy;s] NksVk lk] lqUnj lk ,d O;fä ¼çk.kh½] rqEgkjs ikl vk;sxkAçrh{kk djksA**

dqN le; ckn] dqN eghuksa ds ckn] ge ysMh D;wbZ (Lady Ku'ei) dks vius Äj esa yk;sA ;s

143

lqUnjrk ls ;qä v©j lcdks ekr nsus okyh ç[kj cqf) dh] ,d fl;keh fcYyh (Siamese Kitten)FkhA gekjs }kjk ikyh xbZ] tSls dksbZ fdlh ekuo dks ikyrk] mlus gesa ,sls çR;qÙkj (responses)fn;s tSls fd] dksbZ vPNk ekuo nsrkA fu'p; gh] mlus gekjs nq[kksa dks gYdk dj fn;k v©j ekuoh;csbZekuh ds “kj dks de fn;kA

fcuk fdlh oS/kkfud ik;nku ds] Lora= :i ls dke djuk] okLro esa dfBu FkkA ejhtviuk fopkj] bl çdkj crkrs Fks( '©rku chekj Fkk] '©rku fÒ{kq gksrk gSA '©rku Bhd gqvk] og '©rkuFkkA iSlk vnk u djus okys ejht] viuh ckr dks fNikus ds fy;s] ftl rjg dh dgkfu;kW lqukrsFks] mlus vusdksa iqLrdsa iV tk;saxh] v©j vykspdksa dk tcko nsus ds fy;s] vR;f/kd le; rd] dkedjus dk dkj.k cusaxhaA eSaus LFkkbZ dk;Z ds fy;s ryk'k tkjh j[khA

^^vksg]^^ ,d fe= us dgk] ^^rqe Lora= :i ls ys[ku dk;Z dj ldrs gks] Nùys[ku (GhostWriting)A D;k rqeus blds ckjs esa dÒh lkspk gS \ esjs ,d nksLr us dbZ fdrkcsa fy[kh gS] eSa mldkrqels ifjp; djk nwxkWA^^ ckn esa] ml fe= ls feyus ds fy;s] ge yanu ds vusdksa egku vtk;cÄjksaesa ls ,d esa x,A ,d dk;kZy; esa eq>s fn[kk] v©j ,d {k.k ds fy;s eSaus lkspk fd] eSa vtk;cÄj ds“.Mkj d{k esa gWw] ;fn eSa vius Åij fdlh ls Vdjk tkÅW] rks eq>s fgyus esa “h Mj yxrk Fkk]blfy;s eSa dsoy cSBk v©j cSBus ls nq[kh gqvkA var esa og fe= vk;kA ^^iqLrdsa** \ mlus dgkA^^Lora= ys[ku \ eSa rqEgsa viuss ,tsaV ds lkFk feyk nwxkWA og rqEgsa r; djk nsxkA^^ v©j rc mluseq>s ifjJe ls fy[kk gqvk ,d dkxt fn;k] ftl ij ,d irk fy[kk FkkA yxÒx blls igys fd]eSa tku ldwW] fd D;k gqvk Fkk] eSa dk;kZy; ds ckgj FkkA ^^Bhd gS^^ eSaus lkspk] ^^D;k ;s “h csodwQhdh nwljh n©M+ gksxh \^^

eSaus vius gkFk esa] dkxt ds VqdM+s dks ns[kkA jhtsUV LVªhV (Regent Street) \ vc] xyhds fdl fljs ij gksxk \ eSa Vªsu ls vkWDlQksMZ ldZl (Oxford Circus)96 ij mrjk] v©j lkekU;“kX; ls] eSaus ik;k fd] eSa xyr fljs ij FkkA jhtsUV LVªhV “hM+ÒkM+ okyh Fkh] cM+h&cM+h nqdkuksa dslkeus] yksx “hM+ esa filrs gq, fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA eSa ughaa tkurk fd ;g D;k Fkk] yM+dksa dk ,dfcxzsM ;k eqfälsuk dk cS.M] iryh lh xyh (Condute Street) esa 'kksj djrk gqvk] uhps dh rjQtk jgk FkkA lksus ds dke djus okyh v©j pkWnh ds dke djus okyh dEifu;ksa dks ihNs NksM+rs gq,]v©j ;s lksprs gq, fd] muds lkekuksa esa ls FkksM+s ls] esjs 'kks/kdk;Z esa dke esa vk ldsaaxs] eSa pyrkx;kA tgkW LVªhV] fidkfMyh ldZl (Piccadilly Circus)97 esa ços'k djus ds fy;s eqM+hA eSaus lM+ddks ikj fd;k v©j ml dEcc[r uEcj dks <wa<+kA Vªsoy ,tsalh] twrs dh nqdku] ijUrq ys[kdksa dkdksbZ ,tsUV ughaaA rc eSaus nks nqdkuksa dh chp esa Äqls gq, uEcj dks ns[kkA eSa ,d NksVs xfy;kjs esa gksdj] nwj ds fljs ij x;k] tgkW ,d [kqyh fy¶V FkhA ogkW Ä.Vh dk cVu (switch) Fkk blfy;s eSausmldk mi;ksx fd;kA dqN ughaa gqvkA eSaus 'kk;n ikWp feuV rd bartkj fd;k v©j nqckjk ls cVudkss nck fn;kA

iSjksa ds pyus dh vkokt] ^^rqe eq>s dksy *vksys (coal 'ole)! ls Åij yk;s gks ^ ,d vkoktus dgkA ^^eSa vÒh ,d pk; ih jgk FkkA rqe fdl ry ij tkuk pkgrs gks \^^

96 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vkWDlQksMZ ldZl] vkWDLQksMZ LVªhV vkSj jhtUV LVªhV dk yanu dk if'peh fdukjs ij O;Lrre pkSjkgk gSA ;gkWa ls fofÒé ekxksZa dh vusd clsa]vkWDlQksMZ uyh jsyos (Tube railway) xqtjrh gSa] ftldk LVs'ku pkSjkgs ds Bhd uhps gSA 2000 ds vaar esa] vkWDLkQksMZ pkSjkgs ij iSny xqtjusokys ;kf=;ka dh la[;k]yaanu esa dgha dh Òh rqyuk esa lokZf/kd FkhA yanu ds Òwfexr LVs'kuksa dks Òh çkIr djus okys ;kf=;ksa dks tksM+rs gq,] O;Lrre le; esa] çfrÄaVs bl pkSjkgs ij 40 gtkjyksx iSny xqtjrs gSaA tksu usl ds }kjk] bl ldZl dks 19oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaÒ esa cuk;k x;k FkkA

97 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fidkfMyh ldZl] csLVfeaLVj ftys esa] lM+d dk pkSjkgk] vkSj tu LFkku gS] tks yUnu ds if'peh fljs ij gSA bls 1819 esa] jhtsUV LVªhV dksfidkfMyh ls tksM+us ds fy,] cuk;k x;k FkkA ysfVu (Letin) esa ldZl dk vFkZ] or gksrk gSA if'peh fljs ij] ;s ldZl] [kjhnkjh vkSj euksjatu dk ,d çeq[k LFkku gSvkSj i;ZVdksa ds fy, çeq[k vkd"kZ.k dsUæ rFkk feyu LFkyA fidkfMyh ldZl] dk V~;wc LVs'ku 10 ekpZ 1906 dks [kksyk x;k FkkA ldZl ij vusd egRoiw.kZtulÒk;sa ,oa çn'kZu gksrs jgrs gSa] ftlesa 15 Qjojh 2003 dk ;q) ds fo#) fojks/k çn'kZu Òh 'kkfey gSA fdlh LFkku dks fidkfMyh tSlk dgus dk vFkZ] baXyS.M esa ,dvR;f/kd LFkku ;k O;Lr fLFkfr dks vFkok yksxksa dks crkus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA

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^^feLVj ch &]^^ eSaus dgk] ^êSa ughaa tkurk] d©u lk ryA^^^^vksg] rhljk ry]^^ vkneh us dgkA ^ôg vUnj gS] eSa mls Åij ys x;k FkkA ,slk gS]^^ yksgs

ds f[kldus okys njokts dks [kksyrs gq, mlus dgkA ^^nkabZ v©j eqM+ks] ml njokts esaA^^ blds lkFkgh og] viuh B.Mh gksrh gqbZ pk; ds lkFk] xk;c gks x;kA

eSaus /kôk ns dj] crk;s x;s njokts dks [kksyk v©j ml NksVs dkmaVj dh vksj pykA ^^Jheku~ch &\^^ eSaus dgkA ^êq>s muls feyuk gSA^^ dkys ckyksa okyh yM+dh] feLVj ch dks ryk'kus ds fy;sxbZ v©j eSaus vius vklikl ns[kkA dkmaVj ds nwljs cxy esa] yM+fd;kW pk; ih jgha FkhaA ,d ç©<+ lsyxus okys O;fä dks] dqN iklZy ckaVus ds fy;s funsZ'k fn;s tk jgs FksA esjs ihNs ,d est Fkh]ftlds Åij] nar fpfdRld ds çrh{kk d{k dh “kWafr] dqN if=dk,sa j[kha Fkha & eSaus lkspk & v©jnhokj ij dqN çdk'kdksa dk ,d foKkiu FkkA dk;kZy; dk LFkku] fdrkcksa ds iklZyksa ls] dwM+sÄj dhrjg ls “jk fn[kkbZ fn;k v©j Vkbi dh gqbZa ik.Mqfyfi;kW] tks vÒh [kksyh xbaZ Fkha] lQkbZ ls] nwj dh,d nhokj ds ikl] iafä;ksa esa tekbZa xbaZ FkhaA

^^feLVj ch & ,d iy esa vkids ikl gksaxs]^^ ,d Loj us dgk] v©j eSa ml dkys ckyksa okyhyM+dh dks] eqLdku lfgr /kU;okn] nsus ds fy;s eqM+kA mlh {k.k] cxy dk ,d njoktk [kqyk] v©jfeLVj ch] vUnj vk;sA eSaus mUkdks fnypLih ds lkFk ns[kk D;ksafd] og ys[kdksa dk igyk ,tsUV Fkk]tks eSaus dÒh ns[kk & ;k lquk gksA mlds nk<+h Fkh] v©j eSa mls ,d cw<+s phuh vf/kdkjh dh rjgle> ldkA ;|fi] og ,d vaxzst Fkk] mlesa ,d o`)] f'kf{kr] phuh dh lh f'k"Vrk v©j l©gkæZrkFkh] ftldk if'pe esa dksbZ eqdkcyk ughaa gSA

feLVj ch & vk;s] eq>s vfÒoknu fd;k v©j gkFk c<+k;k] v©j ,d cxy ds njokts esa gksdj eq>s ,d NksVs dejs esa ys x;s] ftlus eq>s] fcuk taxys dh tsy dh dksBjh] dh ;kn fnyk nhA^^v©j vc eSa vkids fy;s D;k dj ldrk gwW \^^ mlus iwNkA

^êSa ,d dke pkgrk gwW]^^ eSaus dgkA mlus esjs fo"k; esa ç'u iwNs] ijUrq eSa mlds çÒke.My ls ns[k ldk fd] mlds ikl eq>s

nsus ds fy;s] fdlh dke dk çLrko ughaa Fkk] fd og] ftl vkneh us esjk mlls ifjp; djk;k Fkk]dsoy mlds dkj.k] l©gkæZiw.kZ gks jgk FkkA eSaus mls phuh dkxtkr fn[kk;s] v©j mldk çÒke.MyfnypLih ds lkFk “M+d mBkA mlus mUgsa mBk;k] cgqr lko/kkuh ds lkFk mudks tkWpk v©j dgk]^^vkidks ,d iqLrd fy[kuh pkfg,A esjk [;ky gS] eSa vkids fy,] fdlh ,d dks vf/kÑr(commission) dj ldrk gwWA^^ ;s ,d >Vdk Fkk] ftlus eq>s yxÒx fgyk fn;k( eSa iqLrd fy[kwWa]eSa \ vius ckjs esa \ eSaus] mlds çÒke.My dh vksj] ;s ns[kus ds fy;s fd] D;k okLro esa] mldk ogheryc Fkk vFkok ,d lH; rjhds ls ihNk NqM+kuk ek=] lko/kkuh ls ns[kkA mlds çÒke.My us dgkfd] mldk ;gh eryc Fkk ijUrq] mldks esjh ys[ku {kerk ds Åij 'kd FkkA tc eSa ogkW ls mBk]rc mlds vafre 'kCn Fks] ^^vkidks] okLro esa] ,d iqLrd fy[kuh pkfg;sA^^

vksg bruk mnkl er fn[kks] fy¶VeSu us dgkA ^^ckgj lw;Z ped jgk gSA D;k mls rqEgkjhfdrkc dh pkg ughaa gS \^^

^^;gh rks ijs'kkuh gS]^^ tSls gh og fy¶V ds ckgj x;k] eSaus tcko fn;k] ^^gkW mlus Lohdkjdj fy;kA^^

eSa ;s lksprs gq, jhtsUV LVªhV dh rjQ pyk fd] gj dksbZ ikxy FkkA eSa ,d fdrkc fy[kWaw \ludh! dqy feyk dj] eSa ,d jkstxkj pkgrk Fkk] ftlls eq>s ftUnk jgus ds fy;s i;kZIr /ku feytk;s v©j FkksM+k vf/kd] rkfd eSa çÒke.My ds 'kks/k dk;Z dks dj ldwW] v©j çLrko] tks eq>s feyk]og Fkk] vius ckjs esa ,d csodwQh “jh iqLrd ds laca/k esaA

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dqN le; igys] eSaus foeku ls lacaf/kr] ,d funsZ'k iqfLrdk ds fy;s] rduhdh ys[kd dsfy;s] ,d fOkKkiu dk mÙkj fn;k FkkA 'kke dh Mkd esa eq>s] dy lqcg lk{kkRdkj esa mifLFkr gksusds fy;s] ,d i= feykA ^^vkg^^ eSaus lkspk] ^^dqy feyk dj] eSa Øksys (Crawley)98 esa ;s dke rks ikgh ldrk gwWA^^

vxyh lqcg] tYnh gh] tc eSa Øksys tkus ls igys] uk'rk dj jgk Fkk fMCcs esa ,d i=feykA ;s feLVj ch dk FkkA ^^vkidks ,d iqLrd fy[kuh pkfg;s]^^ i= esa dgk x;k FkkA ^^/;ku lsbl ij fopkj djks v©j vk dj eq>ls nqckjk feyksA^^

^îkg!^^] eSaus Lo;a ls dgk] ^êq>s iqLrd fy[kus ls Ä.kk djuh pkfg;sA^^ ckn esa] eSa Øksys tkusokyh jsy idM+us ds fy;s] DySQke LVs'ku dh vksj pykA

esjs fnekx esa] ;g lcls eanh jsy Fkh.....A og gj LVs'ku ij #drh v©j chp&chp ds QSysgq, LFkkuksa esa] ihlrh lh gqbZ yxh] ekuks fd] batu vFkok Mªkboj] mls tcjnLrh [khap jgk gksA varesa] eSa Øksys igqWpkA fnu rirk gqvk] xEkZ Fkk v©j vc cl esjs gkFk ls Bhd pwd xbZA vxyh okyhcgqr T;knk foyfEcr gksxhA ,d ds ckn ,d vknfe;ksa dks iwNrs gq,] v©j mlus xyr funsZ'ku ikrsgq,] D;ksafd og QeZ] ftlesa eSa feyus tk jgk Fkk] cgqr gh va/ksjs v©j vLi"V {ks= esa Fkh] eSa] iSjÄlhVrs gq, xfy;ksa esa pykA dkQh nsj ckn] var esa] yxÒx bruk Fkdk gqvk fd] ijs'kku “h ughaa gksldrk Fkk] eSa ,d yEch vçfl) xyh esa igqWpkA mlds lgkjs pyrs gq, eSa] var esa] ,d u"V çk;%edku esa] tks ekuks fd] flikfg;ksa dh ,d Nkouh fn[krk Fkk] mlds fBdkus dh txg FkhA

^^rqeus ,d cgqr gh cf<+;k i= fy[kk gS]^^ ml O;fä us dgk] ftlus esjk lk{kkRdkj fy;kA^^ge ;s ns[kuk pkgrs Fks fd] fdl çdkj dk O;fä] bl rjg dk i= fy[k ldrk gSA^^

eSa bl fopkj ds Åij /kd jg x;k fd] mlus eq>s ;gkW dsoy viuh fuf"Ø; mRlqdrk dks'kkar djus ds fy;s cqyk;k FkkA ^îjUrq vkius ,d rduhdh ys[kd ds fy;s foKkiu fn;k Fkk]^^ eSausdgk] ^^v©j eSa fdlh “h ijh{kk ds fy;s çLrqr gwWA^^

^^vkg gkW]^^ ml vkneh us dgk] ^îjUrq tc ls geus ;g foKkiu fn;k] ge dkQh ijs'kkuh esagSaA ge vius vki dks iquZO;ofLFkr dj jgs gSa v©j de ls de vxys Ng eghuksa rd] fdlh dks ughaaysaxs ijUrq geus lkspk fd] rqe vkuk pkgksxs v©j gekjs çfr"Bku dks ns[kuk pkgksxsA^^

^êsjk [;ky gS] vkidks] eq>s fdjk;k nsuk pkfg;s]^^ eSaus dM+k mÙkj fn;k] D;ksafd vkius]cscdwQh dk lans'k Niok dj] eq>s ;gkW cqyok;k gSA

^^vksg ge ,slk ughaa dj ldrs gS]^^ mlus dgkA ^^rqeus lk{kkRdkj ds fy;s vkus dk çLrkofn;k Fkk( geus rks ek= rqEgkjs çLrko dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA^^

eSa bruk mnkl Fkk fd] LVs'ku rd okilh dk lQj iSny pyuk v©j “h yEck çrhr gqvkAjsy ds fy;s vifjgk;Z çrh{kk] v©j DySQke ds fy;s okil /kheh ;k=kA esjs uhps jsy ds ifg;s dgrsgq, yxs % ^^rqedks ,d iqLrd fy[kuh pkfg;s] rqedks ,d iqLrd fy[kuh pkfg;s] rqedks ,d iqLrdfy[kuh pkfg;sA Ýkal esa] isfjl esa] ,d dksbZ nwljk frCcrh ykek gS] tks fdlh ,d [kkl mís'; lsif'pe esas vk;k FkkA esjs rjg ls ughaa] ifjfLFkfr;ksa us mlls ekWax dh fd] og çdk'ku ls iwjh rjgcp dj jgsA og viuk dk;Z djrk gS v©j cgqr gh de yksx tkurs gSa fd] og frCcr ds ,d ykekeB esa] iksVkyk ds pj.kksa ds uhps] ,d ykek FkkA eSaus mls] mldh jk; iwNrs gq, v©j ;s vk'kk djrs

98 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % Øksys] baXys.M dk if'peh lrg ls ,d cjks vkSj 'kgj gS A ;g ps;fjax ØkWl yUnu ls 28 ehy nwj nf{k.k dh rjQ gS] fczaxVu ls 18 ehy nwjmÙkj dh rjQ vkSj gksc ls] vkSj fppsLVj dkmaVh 'kgj ds 32 ehy mRRj iwoZ esa ftldk {ks=Qy 17 oxZehy gS vkSj vkcknh yxÒx 1 yk[k 7 gtkj gSA

fNrxks ik"kk.kdky ls clk;k x;k gS vkSj yksgs ds dke dk ,d dsUæ FkkA jkse ds le; esaA Øksys /khes /khes fodflr gqvk ,d cktk: 'kgj ds :Ik esa rsjgoha'krkCnh ls] utnhdh xkao dks vkiwfrZ djrs gq,A bls 1840 ds n'kd esa jsy ds tky ls tksM+k x;kA xsVfod gokbZ vìk vc fczVsu dk lcls vf/kd O;Lr varjk"Vªh; gokbZgìk gS tks 1940 ds n'kd esa uxj ds ,d fdukjs ij [kksyk x;kA f}rh; fo'o ;q) ds ckn fczVsu dh ljdkj us ;gka ls vf/kdka'k yksxksa dks vkSj mudh ukSdfj;ksa dksyanu ds ckgj Òstus dh ;kstuk cukbZ vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ baXys.M esa U;wVksax u, 'kgj clk, x, ftlesa Øksys Òh ,d FkkA

146

gq,] fy[kk FkkA og bl çÒko dk Fkk fd] eSa ys[ku dk;Z djds xyrh d:WxkA DySQke LVs'ku] esjs eu dh vçlé voLFkk esa] NksVh uko tSlk] v©j ges'kk dh rqyuk esa v©j

vf/kd xank fn[kkbZ fn;kA eSa jsai ij xyh dh rjQ pyk v©j Äj x;kA esjh iRuh us esjs psgjs dsÅij ,d utj Mkyh v©j dksbZ ç'u ughaa iwNkA [kkuk [kkus ds ckn] ;+|fi eSaus [kkus dks vuqÒo ughaafd;k] mlus dgk% ^êSaus feLVj ch dks vkt lqcg Qksu fd;k FkkA mlus dgk fd] rqedks ,dla{ksfidk (synopsis) fy[kuh pkfg;s v©j mls fn[kkus ds fy;s] mlds ikl ys tkuk pkfg;sA^^la{ksfidk! bldk fopkj gh eq>s chekj dj x;kA rc eSaus vkbZ gqbZ Mkd dks i<+kA nks i= ;s dgrsgq, fd] ^^fjä LFkku “j fy;s x;s gSa] vkidks vkosnu djus ds fy;s /kU;okn]^^ v©j ,d i=] Ýkal dsesjs ykek fe= ls FkkA

eSa] vius ejEer fd;s gq,] iqjkus VkbijkbVj dks ys dj cSBk] tks eq>s vius iwoZorhZ lsfojklr esa feyk Fkk] v©j eSaus fy[kuk 'kq: fd;kA fy[kuk esjs fy;s vlq[kn] nq"dj gSA mleas dksbZçsj.kk ughaa gS] v©j u gha] esjs fy;s dksbZ migkj] eSa ,d fo"k; ds Åij] dsoy dM+h esgur djrk gwWv©j eSa mls ftruk T;knk ukilan djrk gwW] mruk gh esgur v©j rsth ls] eSa dke djrk gwW] ftllsfd ;g tYnh ls iwjk gks tk;sA

Fkdkus okyk fnu] var esa lekIr gqvk v©j 'kke dh Nk;kvksa us xfy;ksa dks “j fn;k v©jtSls gh Äjksa ds Åij] xyh ds ysai tys mUgsa nwj “xk fn;k] v©j yksxska ds Åij xnZ Òjh Nk;k,savk;haA esjh iRuh us jks'kuh tykbZ v©j insZ [khap fn;sA eSa Vkbi djrk x;k v©j var esa] dM+h v©jnq[krh maxqfy;ksa ds lkFk eSa #dkA esjs lkeus istksa dk xÎj Fkk] muesa ls rhl] lÒh Äus Vkbi fd;sgq,A ^ôgkW ^ eSa foLe; ls fpYyk;k ^^;fn ;s mldks vPNk ughaa yxk] rks eSa iwjh pht dks NksM+ nwWxkv©j eSa vk'kk djrk gwW fd] ;g mls vPNk ughaa yxsA^^

vxys fnu] nksigj esa] E©a feLVj ch ls nqckjk feykA mlus esjs dkxtkrksa dh rjQ ,d ckjv©j ns[kk] rc laa{ksfidk dks fy;k v©j mls i<+us ds fy;s O;ofLFkr gqvkA ;nk dnk vuqeksnu esa]mlus vius flj dks fgyk;k] v©j tc mlus bldks lekIr fd;k] cgqr lko/kkuh ds lkFk dgk] ^êsjk[;ky gS] ge bls j[kus ds ;ksX; gksaxsA bls esjs ikl NksM+ nks v©j bl chp çFke v/;k; dksfy[kksA^^

eSa ughaa tku ik;k fd] D;k eq>s [kq'k gksuk pkfg;s ;k nq%[k eukuk pkfg;sA tc eSa yhts.VLVªhV ls fidkfMyh ldZl dh vksj iSny vk;k] vFkZ O;oLFkk [krjukd <ax ls fupys fcUnq ij igqWppqdh Fkh] fQj “h vius laca/k esa iqLrd fy[kus ds [;ky ek= ls] eSa Ä`.kk djrk FkkA

nks fnu ckn] eq>s feLVj ch ls ,d i= feyk] eq>s feyus vkus ds fy;s cqykrs gq,] ;g crkrsgq, fd] mlds ikl esjs fy;s 'kqÒ lekpkj gSA esjk fny bl [;ky ij cSB x;k] v©j bl çdkj]dqy feyk dj] eSa ,d iqLrd fy[kus okyk FkkA feLVj ch us 'kqÒsPNk ds lkFk eq>s ns[kkA ^êsjs iklrqEgkjs fy;s ,d Bsdk (contract) gS]^^ mlus dgk] ^îjUrq igys eSa] rqEgsa çdk'kd ls feykukpkgWwxkA^^ ge nksuksa lkFk&lkFk] yanu ds nwljs fljs ij x;s v©j ,d xyh esa Äqls] tks ÅWps&ÅWps Äjksads lkFk] QS'ku dk ftyk gqvk djrk FkkA vc edku] dk;kZy;ksa ds :i esa mi;ksx esa vk jgs Fks] v©jmuesa jgus okys yksx] dgha nwj ftyksa esa pys x;s FksA ge xfy;ksa esa pys v©j ,d ekewyh ls fn[kusokys Äj esa ÄqlsA ^^;s gSa]^^ feLVj ch us dgkA ge va/ksjs gkWy dh rjQ Äqls v©j ,d Äwers gq,i[kqfM+;ksa okys >+hus ls çFke ry dh vksj p<+sA var esa] ge çdk'kd egksn; dks fn[ks] tks igyhutj esa] dsoy /khes&/khes xeZ gksrs gq,] FkksM+s ludh fn[kkbZ fn;sA lk{kkRdkj] yÄq vof/k dk Fkk v©jge xyh esa okfil vk x;sA

^êsjs dk;kZy; esa okfil vkvks &esjs fç;A esjk p'ek dgkW x;k \^^ mÙksftr voLFkk esa] vius

147

[kks;s gq, p'es dh ryk'k esa] vius c.My dh vksj ns[krs gq,] feLVj ch us dgkA tc mls og feyx;k] mlus jkgr dh lkal yhA tkjh j[krs gq, mlus dgk] ^^esjs n¶rj esa okil vkvks] esjs iklrqEkls gLrk{kj djkus ds fy;s] vuqca/k rS;kj gSA^^

var esa] iqLrd fy[kus dk ,d vuqca/k] ,d dqN fuf'pr pht FkhA eSaus r; fd;k fd] eSaviuh “wfedk d:Wxk] v©j vk'kk dh fd] çdk'kd viuh “wfedk djsxkA fuf'pr :i ls] ^^rhljhvkW[k** us çdk'kd egksn; dks mlds Åij] ^^FkksM+h tse yxkus ds ;ksX; cuk fn;k gSA^^

iqLrd us rjôh dh] eSaus ,d le; esa ,d v/;k; iwjk fd;k v©j feLVj ch dks fn;kA vusdvoljksa ij] eSa Jheku~ v©j Jherh ch ls] muds lqUnj ls Äj esa feyk] v©j eSa ;gkW fo'ks"k :i ls]Jherh ch dks vius J)k lqeu vfiZr djuk pkgwWxkA mlus esjk Lokxr fd;k] tks fd cgqr devaxzst yksx djrs gSaA mlus eq>s lkgl ca/kk;k] v©j ,slk djus okyh og igyh vaxzst efgyk FkhAmlus gj le;] esjk Lokxr fd;kA blfy;s Jherh ch] vkidks /kU;oknA

yanu ds okrkoj.k esa] esjk LokLF; rsth ls fxjrk tk jgk Fkk] iqLrd dks lekIr djus lsigys] mls jksdus ds fy;s] vius lkjs çf'k{k.k dk mi;ksx djrs gq,] FkksM+s le; ds fy;s viuhchekjh ij ls /;ku gVkrs gq,] eSaus mls jksdus dk laÄ"kZ fd;kA var esa iqLrd iwjh gqbZA eq>sân;kÄkr] dksjksujh Fkzkscksfll (coronary thrombosis) dk igyk vkØe.k gqvk v©j eSa yxÒx ejx;kA esjs laca/k esa] vusd phtksa ds ckjs esa] yanu ds ,d vR;f/kd çfl) vLirky ds fpfdRlh;LVkQ ds yksx] okLro esa] leL;k esa Fks ijUrq] eSaus mudk “kj gYdk ughaa fd;k( 'kk;n ;g iqLrddjsxhA

^^vkidks yanu NksM+ nsuk pkfg;s]^^ fo'ks"kK us dgkA ^^ ;gkW vkidk thou [krjs esa gSA fdlhnwljh vkcksgok esa tk;saA^^

^^yanu NksM+sa \ eSaus lkspk] ^^ijUrq ge dgkW tk;saxs \ jgus ds nwljs <ax v©j LFkku v©jek/;eksa ds Åij] geus Äj esa fopkj&foe'kZ fd;kA dbZ fnuksa ds ckn] eq>s vafre tkWp ds fy;svLirky tkuk iM+kA ^^rqe dc tk jgs gks \^^ fo'ks"kK us iwNk] ^^ dbZ phtksa ds Åij fopkj djukgSA^^

^^dsoy ,d pht fopkj djuh gS]^^ mlus v/khjrk iwoZd dgk]^^ ;gkW jgks v©j rqe ejtkvksxsA pys tkvks v©j rqe FkksM+k v©j th ldrs gksA D;k rqe ughaa le>rs fd] rqEgkjh gkyr xaÒhjgS \^^

,d ckj fQj eq>s xaÒhj leL;k dk lkeuk djuk FkkA

148

v/;k; nl

^^yksclkax! yksclkax!^^ eSa cspsuh ls viuh uhan ls mBkA esjh Nkrh esa rst nnZ Fkk] ml Fkôsdk nnZA gkWQrs gq,] eSa viuh psruk esa okfil y©VkA ,d ckj fQj ls lquus ds fy;s okfil]^^yksclkax!**

^êsjs “xoku~!^^ eSaus lkspk ^êq>s “;kud vuqÒo gks jgk gSA^^ ^^yksclkax^^ vkokt pyrh xbZA ^êsjh ckr lquks] ysV tkvks v©j esjh ckr lquksA^êSa efj;y lk ysV x;kA esjk fny /kM+d jgk Fkk v©j esjh Nkrh lgkuqÒwfr esa Linau dj jgh

FkhA /khes&/khes] esjs ,dkar dejs ds va/ksjs esa] igys] ihys esa cnyrh gqbZ ,d uhyh vkÒk] v©j rc esjh[kqn dh vk;q dh vkÑfr ds vuqlkj ÄuhÒwr gksrh gqbZ] ,d vkÑfr Lo;a çdV gqbZA ^êSa vkt jkrdks lw{e'kjhj ls ;k=k ughaa dj ldrk]^^ eSaus dgk] ^^;k esjk fny fuf'pr :i ls /kM+duk can djnsxk v©j esjs dke vÒh lekIr ughaa gq, gSaA^^

^^ÒkbZ! gesa rqEgkjh gkyr vPNh rjg ekywe gS] blhfy;s ge rqEgkjs ikl vk;s gSaA lquks] rqEgsackr djus dh t:jr ughaa gSA^^

eSa fljgkus dh rjQ] ihNs dh rjQ >qdk] esjh lkal fllfd;ksa dh rjg ls esjs vanj vk jghFkhA lkekU; lkal ysuk d"V e; Fkk] fQj “h eq>s ftUnk jgus ds Øe esa lkal ysuh FkhA

^^ge rqEgkjh leL;k ij vkil esa fopkj&foe'kZ dj pqds gSa]^^ ÄuhÒwr ykek us dgkA ^^bafXy'kleqæ rV ls FkksM+h nwj ,d çk;}hi (island) gS] ,d çk;}hi] tks dÒh xqes gq, ,VykfVal(Atlantis) egk}hi dk fgLlk FkkA ogkW tkvks] ftruk 'khÄz gks ldrk gS] ogkW tkvksA mÙkjh vesfjdkds egk}hi ds fy;s ;k=k djus ls igys] ml fe=rk iw.kZ ns'k esa] dqN le; ds fy;s foJke djksAif'peh leqærV ij] ftldk leqærV] v'kkar (turbulent) egklkxj }kjk /kks;k tkrk gS] ughaatkukA gfjr uxj (green city) esa v©j mlds vkxs tkvksA^^

vk;jys.M (Ireland) \ gkW! ,d vkn'kZ LFkkuA eSaus ges'kk vk;jys.M ds yksxksa dks Bhd ghik;k gSA gjk uxj \ rc esjs lkeus mÙkj vk;k( Mqcfyu (Dublin)99] QksfuDl (Phoenix)100 ikdZdh otg ls v©j thoUr unh ds cgus ds dkj.k] igkM+ksa ls uhps leqæ rd] ÅWpkbZ ls gjk fn[krkgSA ykek] vuqeksnu djrs gq, eqLdjk;kA ^^rqEgas vius LokLF; dk dqN va'k] iqu% çkIr djuk pkfg;s]D;ksafd] bl ij vÒh ,d v©j vkØe.k gksxkA rqedks ftUnk jguk gksxk rkfd] dke dks vkxs c<+k;ktk lds] rkfd] çÒke.My dk foKku Qynk;h fLFkfr ds lehi vk ldsA vc eSa pywWxk ijUrq tcrqe FkksM+s Bhd gks tkvks] ;s mEehn dh tkrh gS fd] rqe Lof.kZe çdk'k ds ns'kksa dks nqckjk ;k=k

99 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % Mqcfyu] vk;jyS.M (Ireland) dk lcls cM+k 'kgj vkSj jkt/kkuh gSA Mqcfyu ykbULVj (Leinster) jkT; esa vk;jyS.M ds iwohZ leqæ rV ij] fyQh(Liffey) unh ds eqgkus ij] fLFkr gSA Mqcfyu 'kgj dh vkcknh 12 yk[k 800 ds yxÒx gS] tcfd xzsVj Mqcfyu dh vkcknh 1 yk[k 80 gtkj ds yxÒx gSA 17oha 'krkCnhls 'kgj dk fodkl rsth ls çkjaÒ gqvk vkSj ;g 1800 esa mlesa feyk;s tkus ds igys fczfV'k lkezkT; esa nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgj cukA foÒktu ds ckn 1922 esa Mqcfyuvk;fj'k Ýh LVsV (Irish free state) dh jkt/kkuh cuk] ftldk uke cny dj ckn esa vk;jyS.M dj fn;k x;kA Mqcfyu dk tyok;q [kq'kuqek gSA xfeZ;kWa ¼tqykbZ esa yxÒxrkiØe 20 fMxzh lsUVhxzsM½ B.Mh gh jgrh gSa] lfnZ;kaW ¼tuojh esa yxÒx 9 fMxzh lsUVhxzsM ½ Òh gYdh jgrh gSa vkSj rkiØe ds mrkj p<+ko] yxÒx ugha gksrsA çkphuMqcfyu dk fdyk] vaxzst jktk fdaxtksu (King John of England) }kjk] ukWeZu vfrØe.k 1169 ds rqjar ckn] 1204 esa cuck;k x;k FkkA vÒh u, cus gq, Lekjdksa esa ls ,dLekjd dks ^çdk'k dk Lekjd (Monument of light)* dgk tkrk gSA ;s 398 QqV ÅWaps 'kaDokdkj] rdq, tSlk gS] tks LVsuysl LVhy ls cuk gSA ;s usYlu ds LrEÒ dksfoLFkkfir djrk gS vkSj Mqcfyu dks] 21oha 'krkCnh esa viuk LFkku fnykus ds m–s'; ls cuk;k x;k gSA Mqcfyu esa fdlh Òh ;wjksih; jkt/kkuh 'kgj dh rqyuk esa çfroxZfdyksehVj esa gfj;kyh okys {ks=ksa dk {ks=Qy lokZf/kd gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;gkWa QksfuDl ikdZ (Phoenix Park)] gcZVZ ikdZ (Herbert Park) vkSj lsUV LVhQsUl gfj;kyh(St. Stephens Greenary)] çfl) gSaA lsUV ,suh ikdZ (St. Annie Park) ,d lkoZtfud ikdZ gS] ftlesa euksjatu dh lqfo/kk,a çnku dh xbZ gSaA

100 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % QksfuDl] ,jhtksuk jkT; dh jkt/kkuh vkSj lcls cM+k 'kgj gSA blessa yxÒx 15 yk[k yksx jgrs gSa vkSj ;s la;qä jkT; dh lcls vf/kd ÄuhjkT; dh jkt/kkuh gS vkSj lEiw.kZ jkT; esa vkcknh ds fglkc ls ;g NBoka uxj gSA QksfuDl] vesfjdk ds nf{k.k iwohZ Òkx esasa gSA QksfuDl ds esVªksiksfyVu {ks= dks ^lw;Z dhÄkVh (Valley of the Sun)* dgk tkrk gS] tks lkYV fjoj ÄkVh (Salt river valley) dk ,d Òkx gSA bls lkYV (Salt) vkSj xhyk (Gila) ufn;kssa ds laxe ij] 1867 esa —"kdksads lekt }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA bls 1881 esa uxj dk ntkZ çkIr gqvkA QksfuDl dh tyok;q yxÒx jsfxLrkuh; gSA iwoZ jk"Viªfr dsfYou dwfyt (Kelvin

Coolidge) }kjk 1930 esa xhyk unh ds Åij ,d cka/k cuok;k x;kA f}rh; fo'o ;q) ds nkSjku] QksfuDl dh vFkZO;oLFkk rsth ls cnyrs gq,] forj.k dsUæ ds :i esasacny xbZ] tks ckn esa] vf/kdaka'kr% lSfud lktkslkeku cukus ds dkj.k] vkS+|kSfxd uxj ds :i esa fodflr gqvkA blesa rhu lSfud gokbZ vìs gSa( Y;wd QhYM (Lue field)]fcfy;e QhYM (William field)] vkSj QkYdu QhYM (Falcon field) vkSj nks cM+s&cM+s pkyd çf'k{k.k dsUæ gSaA

149

djksxsA^^–'; esjh utj ls gYdk iM+ x;k v©j esjk dejk blls igys dh rqyuk esa v©j vf/kd

,dkar gks x;kA esjs nq[k egku Fks] esjh ihM+k vf/kdka'k yksxksa dh lgu 'kfä vFkok le>us dh {kerkds ijs FkhA fcuk ns[krs gq,] f[kM+dh esa gks dj VdVdh yxkrs gq,] eSa okil >qdkA mUgksaus Ygklk dhrkth vkdk'kh; ;k=k ds laca/k eas D;k dgk Fkk \ vksg] gkWa ^^rqEgsa ;s jkstxkj ikus esa dfBukbZ;kWa gksaxha\ okLro esa] rqe djks esjs “kbZ] D;ksafd rqe if'peh fo'o dk fgLlk ughaa gks] rqe m/kkj ds le; ijthfor gksA ftlds thou dk LFkku rqeus ys fy;k gS] og vc rd fdlh “h voLFkk esa ej pqdkgksrkA rqEgkjh vko';drk] ¼bl 'kjhj dks vLFkkbZ :i ls ysus dk] v©j mlds jgus ds LFkku dksvf/kd LFkkbZ :i ls ysus dk½] dk vFkZ ;s gqvk fd] og i`Foh dks lEeku lfgr v©j ykÒ ds lkFkNksM+ ldk] ;s deZ ughaa gS esjs “kbZ] ijarq ;s dk;Z] tks rqe bl le; dj jgs gks] i`Foh ij rqEgkjkvafre thou gSA** ,d cgqr dfBu thou “h] eSaus Lo;a ls dgkA

lqcg eSa dqN ÄcM+kgV iSnk djus ds fy, ;k vk'p;Z lfgr ;s Äks"k.kk djus ds fy,] ;ksX;gqvk] ^^ge vk;jySa.M esa jgus ds fy;s tkus okys gSa] igys Mcfyu esa] rc Mcfyu ds ckgjA**

eq>s phtksa dks rS;kj djus esa] vf/kd enn ugha feyh] eSa cgqr chekj Fkk] v©j yxÒxmÙksftr djus okys ân; vkÄkr ds Mj ls] LFkku ifjorZu ls Mjk gqvk FkkA isfV;kWa iSd dha xbZa]fVfdV çkIr fd, x,] v©j var esa geus ;k=k 'kq: dhA gok esa nqckjk jguk ¼gokbZ ;k=k djuk½vPNk gqvk] v©j eSaus ik;k fd] 'olu vc dkQh vklku FkkA gokbZ lsok us] ^^ân; ds ejht** ;k=hds lkFk] dksbZ tksf[ke ughaa yhA ogkWa muds ikl] esjs flj ds Åij jSd esa] ,d vkWDlhtu flfyaMjj[kk gqvk FkkA

¼mrjrs le;½ tgkt uhps mM+k v©j mlus lQsn >kxksa ds Åij /kkfj;kWa iM+s gq,] thoargfjr ns'k ds Åij] pôj yxk;s] v©j “h uhps mrjk] v©j ogkWa fupys <kWaps (under carriage)] dksuhps djus dh xM+xM+kgV gqbZ] mlds ckn] tgkt ds gokbZ iêh ij mrjrs le;] 'khÄz gh Vk;jksa dhph[k mÒjhaA

esjs fopkj] baXySa.M esa çFke ços'k ds volj ij] v©j lhek dj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds O;ogkj dsÅij Äwe x,A ^^;s fdl rjg dk gksxk \** eSaus fopkj fd;kA ge gokbZ vìs ds “ouksa dh vksj VSDlhls x, v©j eSaus ,d ifg;snkj dqlhZ (wheel chair) dks çkIr djus dh çrh{kk esa] FkksM+k viekfur lkeglwl fd;kA lhek vf/kdkfj;ksa us esjh rjQ dBksjrk ls ns[kk v©j dgk] ^^rqe fdrus le; ds fy,#dus okys gks \**

^^;gkWa ge ges'kk ds fy, jgus vk;s gSa]** eSaus mÙkj fn;kA ;gkWa dksbZ d"V ughaa Fkk] mUgksausgekjs lkeku dh “h tkWap ughaa dhA ysMh dqbZ (Lady Ku' ei)] us mu lcdks eksfgr dj j[kk Fkk]pqipki v©j 'kkar] og gekjs lkeku ds Åij] çgjh dh rjg ls cSBh jghA ;s L;keh fcfYy;kWa] tcBhd ls çf'kf{kr dh xbaZ gksa] v©j muds lkFk çkf.k;ksa dh rjg ls O;ogkj fd;k x;k gks] dsoytkuojksa dh rjg ls ughaa] mPpre lhek rd cqf) dks /kkfjr djrh gSaA fuf'pr :i ls] eSa ysMh dqbZdh fe=rk v©j mldh cQknkjh dks] ekuoksa dh rqyuk esa çkFkfedrk nsrk gwWa! jkr dks og esjs iklcSBrh gS v©j esjs chekj gksus ij esjh iRuh dks txk nsrh gSA

esjk lkeku VSDlh ij yknk x;k] v©j ge dks Mcfyu 'kgj ys tk;k x;kA fe=rk dkokrkoj.k] vR;f/kd :i ls ns[kus ;ksX; FkkA dqN “h vf/kd ijs'kkuh ughaa fn[khA eSa fVªfuVh(Trinity)101 dkWyst ds eSnkuksa ds Åij ns[krk gqvk] vius dejs esa ,d foLrj ij ysVkA esjh f[kM+dh

101 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fVªfuVh egkfo|ky;] gkVZ QksMZ (Hartford) esa futh {ks= dk mnkjoknh (liberal) dyk egkfo|ky; gSA bls dusDVhdV (Connecticut) esa 1823 esaLFkkfir fd;k x;k] tks dusDVhdV esa] ;sy ;wuhoflZVh (Yale University) ds ckn] nwljk egkfo|ky; gSA 1969 ls blesa lgf'k{kk çkjaÒ gqbZA egkfo|ky; esa yxÒx 2300fo|kFkhZa gS] ftlesa lsa vk/kh efgyk,a gSaA fVªfuVh egkfo|ky;] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks 38 eq[; vkSj 26 oSdfYid fo"k;ksa dks v/;;u gsrq miyC/k djkrk gSA fo+|kFkhZ f'k{kd dk

150

ds uhpss dh lM+d ij] ;krk;kr 'kkar xfr ls py jgk FkkA eq>s ;k=k ls mcjus esa FkksM+k le; yxk] ijarq tc eSa Bhd gksus yxk] fVªfuVh dkWyst ds

fe=rk iw.kZ vf/kdkfj;ksa us eq>s ,d ikl (Pass) fn;k] ftlus eq>s muds eSnkuksa dk v©j muds “O;iqLrdky; dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, ik= cuk;kA Mcfyu] vk'p;ksZa dk uxj Fkk! ogkWa dksbZ “h]yxÒx gj pht [kjhn ldrk FkkA dSusMk ds foUMlj dh rqyuk esa] vFkok MsVªksbV] ;w. ,l. ,. dhrqyuk esa] ogkWa eky dh vf/kd fdLesa Fkha] tc eSa ^^Ygklk dk MkDVj (Doctor from Lhasa)** fy[kjgk Fkk] rc geus] yxÒx chl ehy nwj] ,d cM+s lqUnj eNqvkjs xkWao esa jgus dk fu'p; fd;kA ge,d Äj] tgkWa ls eSa] ckyLdsMu [kkM+h (Balscadden Bay) dks ns[k ldrk Fkk] dks ikus esa“kX;'kkyh jgs] ,d Äj] tks okLro esa] vk'p;Z pfdr djus okys –'; okyk FkkA

eq>s ,d cM+s dk;Z dks vatke nsus ds fy, #duk iM+k] v©j dkWap ds fnôr dj nsus okysçÒko ds dkj.k] f[kM+fd;ksa esa ls] f}us=h (Binocular) ls ns[kuk vlEÒo yxkA ,d LFkkuh; “oufuekZrk] czwM dSaicSy (Brud Campbell)] ftuds lkFk] eSa vPNk fe= cu x;k Fkk] us IysV dkWap dklq>ko fn;kA mlds yx tkus ds ckn] eSa vius foLrj ij vkjke dj ldrk Fkk v©j eNyhekju©dkvksa dks [kkM+h esa ns[k ldrk FkkA canjxkg dk iwjk QSyko] esjs ifj–'; esa Fkk] ;kp Dyo(Yatch Club) ds lkFk] canjxkg ds vf/kdkjh v©j çdk'k LrEÒ (Light house), ogkWa ds LFkkbZpfj= FksA ,d lkQ fnu dks] eSa fczVsu }kjk dCtk fd;s x, vk;jyS.M esa dqN nwj] eksuZ ds ioZrksa(Mountains of Mourn)102 dks ns[k ldk] tcfd] gkmFk gSM (Howth Head) ls eSa] vk;jySa.M dsleqæ ds ikj] dkQh nwj] csYl ds ioZrkas (Mountains of Wales) dks ean :i ls ns[k ldrk FkkA

geus ,d iqjkuh dkj [kjhnh v©j 'kq) gok v©j lqUnj –';ksa dk dk vkuan ysrs gq,] vDlj]Mcfyu ioZrksa esa ;k=k,sa dhaA ,slh gh ,d ;k=k esa] geus ,d ç©<+ L;keh fcYyh] tks rhoz vkarfjdxBku ds dkj.k ej jgh Fkh] ds ckjs esa lqukA dkQh ncko ds ckn] ge mls vius Äj esa 'kkfey djusdh O;oLFkk dj ldsA iwjs vk;jySa.M ds lcls vPNs i'kq fpfdRld us mldh ijh{kk dh] ysfdu ;slksp dj fd] mlds ikl thus ds fy,] dsoy dqN ÄaVs 'ks"k gSa] eSaus mls] xkWaB dks gVkus dh 'kY;fpfdRlk djus ds fy, euk fy;k] tks mis{kk ds dkj.k iSnk gqbZ Fkh v©j ¼Äj dh½ vusd fcfYy;ksa dslkFk ds dkj.k] mlus LokLF; ykÒ fd;k v©j euq"; vFkok çkf.k;ksa esa] ftudks eSa blls igys dÒhfeyk Fkk] lcls vf/kd e/kqj LoÒko dh fl) gqbZA vc] tc eSa fy[krk gwWa] ,d lH; o`) efgyk dhrjg ls] tks og gS] og esjs vklikl Äwerh jgrh gSA ,d ne va/kh] mldh lqUnj uhyh vkWa[kas] mldhcqf) v©j “ykbZ dks çnf'kZr djrha gSaA mlds lkFk ysMh dqbZ pyrh gS] vFkok mls nwjkuqÒwfr ls fn'kkfunsZ'k djrh gS rkfd] og phtksa ls Vdjk;s ughaa vFkok vius vkidks Äk;y u dj ysA pwafd ogvklikl Äwers gq,] 'kke dks vius thou dk vkuan ysrs gq,] reke ifjokjksa dks ikyrs ikslrsgq,] ,d cw<+h xzsuh ls bruk vf/kd feyrh gS fd] ge mls xzsuh xzsfOgLdj (Granny

vuqikr 10 % 1 gSA xehZ ds efguksa esa tc l= ugha py jgk gksrk gS] dkWyst vius }kj] lekt ds fy, [kksy nsrk gS vkSj rc blesa Iyac eSeksfj;y dSjhyksu laxhr lekjksg(Plumb Memorial Carillon Concerts) vk;ksftr fd;s tkrss gSa] tks cq/kokj dh jkr dks gksrs gSaA

fVªfuVh egkfo|ky;] ^^fVªfuVh baVjus'kuy fgi&gksi QsLVhoy (Trinity International Hip-Hop Festival)' dh Òh estckuh djrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; fgi&gksilaL—fr dk rhu fnolh; mRlo gksrk gS] ftlesa O;k[;ku (lectures)] lkewfgd fopkj foe'kZ (panel discussions) ] dk;Z'kkyk,a (workshops) vkSj thoUr vfÒO;fä;kWa (live

performances) gksrh gSaA fVªfuVh egkfo|ky; dks gkVZ QksVZ 'kgj ds lkFk tksM+us ds m–s'; ls] bl mRlo dh 'kq:vkr 2006 esa dh xbZ FkhA fVªfuVh egkfo|ky; esa yfyrdyk (Fine Arts) dk f'k{kd oxZ vR;f/kd çÒko'kkyh gS] ftlesas fidklks LdkWyj (Picasso scholar) vkSj dyk ds bfrgkl fon ekbdy lh fÝV~t xsjkYMZ (Michel C. Fitz

Gerald) lfEefyr gSaA 102 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % ekmaVsu vkWQ eksu dks eksu ekmaVsu rFkk eksusZl Òh dgk tkrk gS ;s mÙkjh vk;jySaM ds nf{k.kh iwohZ Òkx esa xzsukbV dh ioZr Jsf.k;ka gSaA blesa

mÙkj vkW;jySaM ds lcls Åaps ioZr 'kkfey gS vkSj mLVj jkT; dsA buesa ls lcls Åapk Lyho MksukYM gS tks 2790 QqV Åapk gSA eksusZl ,d loksZRÑ"V vlk/kkj.k çk—frdlqUnjrk dk {ks= gS vkSj bls mÙkjh vk;jySaM esa igys jk"Vªh; m|ku ds :i esa çLrkfor fd;k x;k bl {ks= dks vkaf'kd :i ls jk"Vªh; VªLV LokfeRo j[krk gS vkSj çfro"kZ,d cgqr cM+h la[;k esa i;ZVd bls ns[kus vkrs gSaAeksusZl ds ,d vR;ar çfl) xq.kksa esa ls ,d mldh ioZrh; nhoky gS tks mlds lkFk&lkFk iSarhl fdyksehVj yEckbZ rd tkrh gS tks iUæg pksfV;ksa dks vius esa lesVrh gSuoklh lkS ,dM+ ds {ks= dh ifjÒk"kk djrs gq, ftls cSyQkLV okWVj dfe'uj us 1800 esa [kjhnk FkkA eksusZl nhokj dk cuuk 1904 esa çkjaÒ gqvk vkSj 1922 esa çkjaÒ gqvkblesa çfl) dqN igkfM+;ksa ds uke gSa Lyho MksukYM] Lyho yksekxsu vkSj Lyho E;wdA esu dk vk;'kj] ekmaVsu~l vkQ n ysd vkSj Luks Mkyukbo bu Ogsyl dbZ ckjvk;jyS.M ds leqæ ds ikj ns[ks tk ldrs gSa tc ekSle lkQ gks eksusZl ioZr ds Åij lsA lkQ fnuksa esa bldks Mqcfyu ds dqN fgLlksa ls Òh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

151

Graywhiskers) dgrs gSaA gkmFk] esjs fy, çlérk,sa yk;k] çlérk,sa] ftUgsa eSa igys ughaa] tkurk FkkA Jheku~ yks¶Vl

(Mr. Loftus) iqfyl ds flikgh] vFkok çgjh (Guard)] tks os vk;jySa.M esa dgykrs gSa]tYnh&tYnh] ckj&ckj] ckrphr djus ds fy;s #d tkrs FksA og ges'kk gh Lokxr fd, tkus okysvkxarqd FksA ,d cM+k vkneh] bruk vf/kd pqLr] ftruk fd] cfdaÄe iSysl (BuckinghamPalace)103 ds lqj{kk xkMZ dks gksuk pkfg,] mldh [;kfr] mldh cgqr vPNh Li"Vrk v©j cgqrvPNh fuMjrk ds fy, FkhA tc drZO; ls eqä gks tkrk] og vanj vkrk v©j dkQh nwj ds LFkkuksadh ppkZ djrkA mldk ^êsjs Òxoku!] MkWDVj] rqEgsa vius fnekx dks ckgj QSad nsuk pkfg,!** lquusesa cgqr vPNk yxrk FkkA esjs lkFk] vusd ns'kksa dh iqfyl us] cqjh rjg O;ogkj fd;k Fkk] v©j gkmFkds vk;jyS.M ds yks¶Vl çgjh us eq>s crk;k fd] dbZ vPNs iqfyl eSu “h gSa v©j muds lkFk&lkFk]cqjs “h gSa] ftUgsa eSa tkurk gwWaA

esjk ân; fQj ls] nokc ds y{k.k çnf'kZr dj jgk Fkk] v©j esjh iRuh VsyhQksu yxokukpkgrh FkhA nqÒkZX; ls] ^îgkM+h dh** lÒh ykbusa mi;ksx esa vk jgha Fkha] blfy, gesa ughaa feyldhA ,d fnu 'kke dks njokts ij nLrd gqbZ] v©j ,d iM+©lh Jherh vks xzsMh (Mrs. O'Grady) usdgk] ^êSaus lquk gS fd] vki ,d VsyhQksu pkgrs gSa] ysfdu fey ughaa ik jgk gSA vki tc pkgsa]gekjs VsyhQksu dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gS& ;s gekjs Äj dh pkÒh gSA** vk;jyS.M ds yksxksa us] gesavPNh rjg ls j[kkA Jh v©j Jherh vks xzsMh] gedks vk;jyS.M esa v©j vf/kd vkjke ds lkFk jgusnsus ds fy,] gekjs fy, ges'kk dqN djus dk ç;Ru djrs FksA Jh v©j Jherh vks xzsMh dks] mudsvR;ar laf{kIr çokl ds fy,] dSusMk ykuk] ;s gekjk vkuan Fkk v©j fo'ks"kkf/kdkj “hA

lglk /kôs ds lkFk] eSa xaÒhj :i ls chekj gqvkA tsyksa ls f'kfojksa esa o"kksZa rd] eSaus vR;f/kdruko >sys Fks] v©j vlekU; vuqÒoksa us muds lkFk tqM+ dj] esjs fny dh gkyr dks] okLro esa] v©jxaÒhj cuk fn;k FkkA esjh iRuh] vks xzsMh ds Äj dh rjQ n©M+h v©j VsyhQksu ij ,d MkWDVj dkstYnh ls vkus ds fy, dgkA vk'p;Ztud :i ls FkksM+s gh le; esa] MkWDVj pSieSu (Dr.Chapman) esjs 'k;u d{k es vk;s v©j n{krk ds lkFk] tks dsoy yacs o"kksZ ds vuqÒo ls vkrh gS]viuh lqbZ ds lkFk O;Lr gq,A MkWDVj pSieSu] MkWDVjksa ds ^îqjkus Ldwy** ds fo|kFkhZ Fks] ^îkfjokfjdMkDVj** ftudh Naxqyh esa] vkt ds ljdkjh lgk;rk çkIr ^^dkj[kkuksa esa iSnk fd;s x, MkDVjksa** dsyxÒx vk/ks ntZu çfl) uewukas dh rqyuk esa vf/kd Kku gksrk FkkA MkWDVj pSieSu v©j esjs lkFk] ;s^îgyh utj esa nksLrh** dk ekeyk Fkk! /khes&/khes] muds bykt ls] eSa fcLrj ls mBus yk;d] i;kZIrBhd gks x;kA rc Mcfyu ds fo'ks"kK MkWDVjksa dk vkuk 'kq: gqvkA fdlh us eq>s baXyS.M esa dgk Fkkfd] eS vk;jySa.M ds fdlh MkWDVj ij “jkslk u d:WaA eSaus Lo;a ij “jkslk fd;k v©j fo'o ds fdlh“h nwljs vU; ns'k dh rqyuk esa] vf/kd vPNk bykt ik;kA O;fäxr] ekuoh; Li'kZ ogkWa Fks] v©j ;sml lÒh ;kaf=d 'khr (mechanical coldness) ds] toku MkWDVjkas dh rqyuk esa cgqr vPNs FksA

103 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % cfdaÄe iSysl yanu esa jkT; djus okys lezkV dk çeq[k fuokl vkSj dk;Z dk eq[; LFky gSA csLV fefuLVj 'kgj esa fLFkr ;s egy çk;% jkT; dsdsUæ esa gksrk gS fofÒé vQljksa ij vkSj jktdh; Òkst vkfn ds le;A çkjaÒ esa bls cfdaÄe xg dgk tkrk Fkk Òou tks orZeku egy ds çeq[k Òkx gS ,d cM+k uxj dkxg Fkk tks cfdaÄe ds M~;wd ds fy, 1703 esa cuk;k x;k Fkk tks fiNys 150 o"kksZas rd jkt ifjokj dh futh laifÙk jghA ckn esa fdax tktZ III }kjk 1761 esa egkjkuhpkyksZVs ds futh egy ds :i esa cuk;k x;k Fkk tks ckn esa 1837 esa egkjkuh foDVksfj;k ds fczVsu esa jktx–h xzg.k djus ds volj ij vafre :i ls egy dks vkSipkfjd'kkkgh fuokl Äksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA rFkkfi f}rh; fo'o;q) esa teZu ceckjh ds nkSjku egy dk eq[; eafnj u"V gks x;k Fkk( jkuh ds xfy;kjs dks ml LFkku ij cuk;kx;k vkSj lkekU; turk ds fy, 1962 esa [kksy fn;k x;k ftlesa dykÑfr;ksa dh 'kkgh ifjokj dh çn'kZfu;ka yxh jgrh gSaA egy esa 775 dejs ¼ftlesa jkT; ds 19 dejs'kkfey gSa½] 52 çeq[k 'k;ud{k] 188 vf/kuLFkksa ds 'k;ud{k] Lukukxkj vkfn gSa vkSj ;gka dk m|ku yanu ds futh m|kuksa esa lcls cM+k gS blesa 92 dk;kZy; vkSj 78ckFk:e gSaAjkT; ds dejs tks vf/kdkfjd :i ls vkSj jkT; ds mi;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSa çfro"kZ turk ds fy, vf/kdka'k vxLr vkSj flrEcj ds eghuksa esa [kqys jgrs gSa egy dhokf"kZd xzh"e çn'kZu ds fy,A ;s egy okLro esa :l ds 'kkgh egy ls NksVk gS tks lsaV ihVlZ cxZ esa gS vkSj lkLdksZ] tks jkse esa iksi dk egy gS esfMªu esa 'kkgh egy] LVkWd gkse egy] vkSj okLro esaisys OgkbZV gkWy ds egy ls ;s iksVkyk ds egy dh rqyuk esa tks frCcr esa Ygklk ds oftZl 'kgj esa gS ,dne cPpk gSA oftZl 'kgj esa ,d phuh 'kkgh egy gS tkschftax ds dsUæ esa fLFkr gSA

152

cwzM dsEicSy (Brud Capmbell) us gekjs çkax.kksa ds ikl] VwVh gqbZ ¼nhokj½ dks foLFkkfirdjrs gq,] iRFkj dh vPNh nhokj mBokbZ Fkh D;ksafd] baXyS.M ls vkus okys diVh ;kf=;ksa ls] ge cqjhrjg ls ijs'kku FksA yksx fyojiwy (Liverpool)104 ls e©t eLrh ds fy, vkrs] v©j yksxksa ds ;gkWa]gkmFk ds cxhpksa esa] f'kfoj djrsA gesa ,d ,slk gh ;k=h feyk] ftlus gesa ijs'kkuh esa Mkyfn;kA ,d fnu lqcg] gekjs njokts ij tksj dh nLrd gqbZA esjh iRuh us bldk mÙkj fn;k] v©jnjokts ds ckgj] ,d teZu v©jr dks ik;kA mlus tcjnLrh vanj Äqlus dh dksf'k'k dh ijarqvlQy jghA rc mlus Äks"k.kk dh fd] og gekjs njokts ij] lhf<+;ksa ij gh f'kfoj djsxh] tc rdfd] mls ^^yksclkax jaik ds pj.kksa esa** cSBus dh btktr u fey tk;sA pwafd] eSa fcLrj esa Fkk v©jfuf'pr :i ls fdlh dks vius pj.kksa esa ughaa cSBkuk pkgrk Fkk] mls tkus ds fy, dgk x;kA 'kkerd og] ogha cuh jghA feLVj yks¶Vl rh[ks fn[krs gq,] v©j n{krk ds lkFk] vk;s v©j ml v©jrdk ihNk djrs gq,] mls igkM+h ds uhps rd ys x,] tgkWa ls mls Mqcfyu ds fy, ,d cl feyh]v©j og okil ugha vkbZA

;s O;Lr fnu Fks] esjs lkFk] esjh 'kfä ds lkFk] vf/kd “kj Mkyus ds ughaaA ^^Ygklk dkMkWDVj** vc iwjh gks pqdh Fkh] ijarq i= iwjs fo'o ls vkrs tk jgs FksA ikyrw Mkfd;k] igkM+h ij yachp<+kbZ p<+rs gq,] gkWaQrk gqvk njokts rd vkrk] tks dksbZ “h ml nLrd dk tokc nsrk] mldks og^^vkg! vkidks lqçÒkr** dgrk] ^^v©j vkt vki dSls gSa \ vkg] fuf'pr :i ls eq>s ;s i= rksM+s nsjgs gSaA**

,d jkr dks] tSls gh eSa iksVZekjuksd (Portmarnock)105 dh v©j mu tgktksa dh] tks leqæesa dkQh nwjh ij Fks] f>yfeykrh gqbZ jks'kfu;ksa dks ns[krs gq,] vius fcLrj ij x;k] eSaus vpkud gh],d cw<+s vkneh dks] viuh vksj VdVdh yxk dj ns[krs gq, ns[kkA tSls gh eSa mldh fn'kk esa eqM+kv©j og eqLdqjk;k] ^êSa vk x;k gwaWa]** mlus dgk] ^^rqEgkjh çxfr ns[kus ds fy,] D;ksafd] ;s pkgk x;kgS fd] rqe fQj ls Lof.kZe çdk'k ds yksd dks tkvksA rqEgsa dSlk eglwl gks jgk gS \**

^êq>s yxrk gS] FkksM+s ç;kl ds lkFk] eSa O;oLFkk dj ldrk gaWw** eSus tokc fn;kA ^^D;k rqeesjs lkFk vk jgs gks \**

^ûghaa]** mlus mÙkj fn;k] ^^D;ksafd] rqEgkjk 'kjhj igys dÒh dh rqyuk eas] vc vf/kdewY;oku gSa] v©j eSa ;gkWa #d dj bldh lqj{kk d:WaxkA**

fiNys dqN eghuksa dh vof/k esa] eSa vR;f/kd :i ls ihfM+r FkkA esjs d"Vksa esa ls ,d ekeykFkk] tks if'peh yksxksa dks vfo'okl esa okilh ds fy, çsfjr dj jgk Fkk! esjs ewy 'kjhj dk] iwjk dkiwjk] u;s 'kjhj esa] çR;kjksi.k gks pqdk FkkA foLFkkfir 'kjhj dks dgha v©j] “st fn;k x;k Fkk v©jmls fxj dj /kwy esa feyus ds fy, QSad fn;k FkkA mu yksxksa ds fy,] tks xaÒhj :i ls fnypLih

104 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % fyojiwy baXysaM esa elhZ lkbZM esa ,d 'kgj gSA ftls 1207 ls cjks'k dk ntkZ vkSj 1980 ls 'kgj dk ntkZ çnku fd;k x;k gSA 2014 esa 'kgj dhvkcknh 471000 ds djhc FkhA fyojiwy ,sfrgkfld yadk'kk;j dh dkmaVh ds nf{k.k if'pe esa gS iwoksZÙkj esa baXysaM ds elhZ ,Dpqvjh ds iwohZ rjQA bldk ,d cM+kcanjxkg gS tks iwoZ esa ,VykaafVd egklkxj esa fo'ks"k :i ls xqykeksa ds O;kikj ls lafyIr jgk gSA fyojiwy egklkxj ds jftLVªh dk canjxkg FkkA vkj-,e-,l-VkbVu dk]pwukMZ vkSj OgkbYM LVkj] vkj,e,l ywlh rkfu;k] Dohu eSjh vkSj vksyfEid tSls cM+s cM+s ty;kuksa dkA fyojiwy dh canjxkg ds 'kgj ds :i esa ogka dh vkcknh dhfofo/krk dks ;ksxnku fn;k gS ftls nqfu;k ds fofÒé LFkkuksa ds O;fä;ksa ds }kjk clk;k x;k] lH;rk,a vkSj /keZ] buesa ls vk;jyS.M fo'ks"k FkkA 'kgj dkys vÝhdh lektds fy, Òh xg Lo:i fl) gqvk vkSj phuh lekt ds ;wjksi esa lcls cM+sAvk/kqfud vFkZO;oLFkk dk 'kgj dh i;ZVu ,d egRoiw.kZ Òkx gSA 'kgj us 2007 esa viuh 800oha o"kZxkaB eukbZ vkSj blus ^^;wjksih; lkaLÑfrd jkt/kkuh** dk f[krkc thrkLVscsaxj] ukosZ ds lkFk&lkFk 2008 esaA bl ij ^^fo'o dh iksi ds 'kgj dh jkt/kkuh gksus dk yscy yxk fxuht oYMZ fjdkMZ dh iqLrd esaA fyojiwy 'kgj ds {ks= dksfo'o dh fojklr LFky ds :i esa 2004 esa ;wusLdks }kjk ekU; fd;k x;kA fyojiwy esa nks çhfe;j yhx QqVcky Dyc gS tks fyojiwy vkSj ,ojVu esa gSaA bu nksuksa ds chpeSpksa dks elhZ lkbZM MchZ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA fo'oçfl) ÒO; jk"Vªh; Òh okf"kZd vk/kkj ij ,UVªh jsldkslZ ij 'kgj ds ckgjh fgLlksa esa gksrs gSaA f}rh; fo'o;q) esaelhZ lkbZM ij 80 ckj ceckjh gqbZ] ftlesa <kbZ gtkj yksxksa dh tku xbZ vkSj vkSj egkuxjh {ks= dh yxÒx vk/kkh bekjrsa <g xbZ ;;k mudks uqdlku igqapk 1952 lsbls teZuh dkyu ds lkFk tqM+ok cuk fn;k x;k gS ftlesa bl 'kgj us Òh vusd gokbZ ceckfj;ka >syh gSaA fyojiwy esa tku ysuu gokbZ vìk 'kgj ds nf{k.k esa fLFkr gS tks lÒh fn'kkvksa esa iwjs fczVsu vkSj ;wjksi esa gokbZ mM+kus lapkfyr djrk gSA fyojiwy chVYl dk tUeLFkkuFkkA

105 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vk;jyS.M ds MfcZu 'kgj dh dkmaVh esa iksVZ ekuksZd ,d leqærVh; miuxj gSA ;s ekyk gkbZM vkSj okYMks;j ds leqæ rVksa ds chp esa fLFkr gSjsyos ykbZu ds lkFk Mcfyu ds ckgjA 2002 esa bldh vkcknh yxÒx 8400 Fkh tks 2011 esa c<+dj yxÒx 9300 gks xbZA bldk uke lsaV eksukdZ ds uke ls O;qRié gqvkgS tks ikapoh 'krkCnh esa Fkk ;s vius fo'oLrjh; xksYQ ds eSnku ds fy, çfl) gS tks 28 fnlEcj 1894 dks çkjaÒ fd;k x;k FkkA

153

j[krs gSa] ;s ,d iqjkuh iwohZ dyk gS v©j blds ckjs esa iqLrdksa esa i<+k tk ldrk gSAeSa dqN {k.kksa ds fy,] viuh 'kfä dks bdÎk djrk gqvk] ysVk jgkA f[kM+dh ds ckgj] nsj

jkr dks vkus okyh eNyhekj u©dk] QqV&QqV djrh gqbZ ikl ls xqtjhA rkjs ped jgs Fks] v©jvk;jyS.M dh vkWa[ksa pkWanuh esa ugk jgha FkhaA cw<+k vkneh eqLdqjk;k] ^^,d lq[kn ifj–';] rqEgkjs ;gkWagSA** eSaus 'kkafr ls flj fgyk;k] viuh jh<+ dks lh/kk fd;k] viuh Vkaxks dks vius uhps eksM+k v©j /kqa,ds ckny dh rjg ls Åij mB x;kA FkksM+s le; ds fy,] uhps pkanuh ls çdkf'kr nsgkr ds ÅijVdVdh yxk;s gq,] leqærV ls FkksM+k gh vkxs] vk;jyS.M dh vkaW[k] ysaEcs (Lambay) ds çk;}hi lsFkksM+k vkxs] eSa flj ds Åij ukprk jgkA ihNs] okLro esa] ,d vk/kqfud] vPNh rjg ls çdkf'kr'kgj] Mcfyu dh pedhyh jks'kfu;kWa >ydhaA tSls&tSls] eSa /khes ls FkksM+k ÅWaps mBk] eSa Dysu;j(Killenyer) [kkM+h dh xksykbZ dks] brus Lej.k'khy ukisy (Naples)] v©j mlds vkxs “h xzsLVkslZ(Greystores) v©j fcdyks (Wicklow) dh] “O; xksykbZ dks ns[k ldrk FkkA bl f=foeh; fo'o dh“k"kk eas] bl fo'o ds ckgj] bl czãk.M v©j le; ds ckgj] vfLrRo ds nwljs yksd esa] ftldko.kZu ughaa fd;k tk ldrk] eSa v©j Åij x;kA

;s va/ksjs ls /kwi esa tkus tSlk FkkA esjs f'k{kd] ykek feaX;kj MksaMqi] esjh çrh{kk dj jgs FksArqeus bruk vPNk fd;k gS] yksclkax] v©j bruk vf/kd >syk gS]** mlus dgkA ^^FkksM+s le; esa] rqeokil ughaa tkus ds fy,] ;gkaW y©VksxsA rqEgkjk laÄ"kZ ykÒçn jgk gSA** ge] “O; nsgkr esa gks dj]lkFk&lkFk pys] Le`fr;ksa ds gkWy esa x,] tgkWa vÒh cgqr dqN lh[kus dks FkkA

dqN le; ds fy,] ge cSBs v©j ge] esjs f'k{kd] vxLr lewg v©j eSa] lkFk&lkFk pysA^^'khÄz gh]** ,d us dgk] ^^rqe yky “kjrh;ksa (Red Indians) ds ns'k dks tkvksxs v©j ogkWa rqEgkjsdjus ds fy,] gekjs ikl ,d dk;Z gSA FkksM+s dqN ÄaVksa ds fy,] ;gkWa vius vkidks rjksrktk djks]D;ksafd] rqEgkjs ckn ds dke us rqEgkjh 'kfä dks cqjh rjg ls “kfjr (Taxed) fd;k gSA**

^^gkaW]** nwljs us fVIi.kh dh ^^v©j mu yksxksa ls ijs'kku er gks] tks rqEgkjh vkykspuk djsaxsD;ksafd] os ughaa tkurs fd os] Lo;a vks<+s gq, if'peh vKku ls va/ks gks dj] fdlds ckjs esa dg jgs gSaAtc e`R;q mudh vkaW[kkas dks can dj nsxh v©j os egku thou esa mRié gksaxs] rc os] okLro esa] bunq[kksa v©j d"Vksa ds Åij] tks mUgksaus rqEgsa vuko';d :i ls fn, gSa] [ksn O;ä djsaxsA**

tc eSa vk;jyS.M dks okil y©Vk] rks FkksM+h lh gYdh lqcg ds vkdk'k ls fudyrh gqbZean /kkfj;ksa ds ckotwn] ns'k vÒh “h va/kdkj esa FkkA DYkksaVkQZ (Clontarf) esa] ckyw ds yacs QSyko dslkFk] nq[k ds lkFk dgjkrh gqbZa ygjas VwV jgh FkhaA “ksj ds igys ds va/ksjs esa] dkyh vkÑfr ds lkFk]gkmFk dk flj (Head) fn[kkbZ fn;kA T;ksa gh eSa uhps rSjk] eSaus viuh Nr dks ns[kkA ^^fç; eSa!** eSausLo;a ij fVIi.kh dhA ^^lhxyksa (Seagulls) us] esjs ,sfj;y dh NM+ksa dks eksM+ fn;k FkkA eq>s bUgsalh/kk djkus ds fy,] czwM dsEicsy dks cqykuk iM+sxkA** cw<+k vkneh] vÒh “h esjs fcLrj ds cxy esacSBk FkkA Jherh QhQh xzsfoLdlZ] esjs fcLrj ds fljs ij] ekuks esjh lqj{kk esa cSBha FkhaA T;ksa gh] eSavius 'kjhj esa çfo"V gqvk v©j mls fQj ls thfor fd;k] og esjs ikl vkbZ] [kqn dks eq>ls jxM+kv©j I;kj fd;kA mlus /kheh vkokt fudkyh v©j ysMh dqbZ] vanj vkbZ] fcLrj ij dwnh v©j mlusesjh xksnh esa viuh txg ik yhA cw<+k vkneh] fof'k"V çse ds lkFk] mu ij VdVdh yxk dj ns[krkjgk v©j mlus fVIi.kh dh] ^^;s mPp Js.kh ds] okLrfod vfLrRo gSaA eq>s tkuk pkfg,] esjs “kbZA**

lqcg dh Mkd esa] vk;jyS.M ds vk;dj dk;kZy; ls] cgqr vf/kd dj fu/kkZj.k(assessment) vk;kA dsoy mu vkbfjl yksxksa dks] tks VSDl dk;kZy; ls tqM+s gSa] eSa ukilandjrk gwWa! vf/kdkjh] eq>s vuko';d:i ls] brus vf/kd enn u djus okys yxs] D;ksafd vk;jyS.M esays[kdksa dh vk; ds Åij] djk/kku] cgqr dM+k] naM Lo:i gS v©j ;s nq%[k iw.kZ gS] D;ksafd tks yksx

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iSlk [kpZ djrs gSa] muds lkFk] vk;jyS.M vPNh rjg dke pyk ldrk gSA VSDl yxs ;k dksbZ VSDlughaa yxs] frCcr dks NksM+ dj] nqfu;kWa ds fdlh “h fgLls dks NksM+ dj] eSa vk;jyS.M esa gh jgwWaxkA

^^ge dSusMk tk,asxs]** eSaus dgkA mnkl utjksa us ml dFku dk Lokxr fd;kA ^^ge fcfYy;ksadks dSls ys tk;sxs\** eq>ls iwNk x;kA

^ôkLro esa] gokbZ tgkt ls] os gekjs lkFk gh ;k=k djsaxh** eSaus tokc fn;kAv©ipkfjdrk,sa dkQh Fkha] bUgksaus dkQh foyac fd;kA vk;jyS.M ds vf/kdkjh ijkdk"Bk rd

lgk;d gq,] dSusMk ds ¼vf/kdkjh½ fcYdqy lgk;d ughaa FksA vesfjdh nwrkokl us] dukMk dh rqyukesa vf/kd lgk;rk dhA gekjh maxfy;ksa dh Nkisa yha xbZa v©j tkWap dh xbZ] rc ge viuhfpfdRldh; ijh{kk ds fy, x,A eSa Qsy gqvkA ^^gn ls T;knk xwWaFksa (scars)]** MkWDVj us dgk^^rqEgsa ,Dl&js djkuk iM+sxkA** vk;jyS.M ds MkWDVj us] ftlus esjk ,Dl&js fd;k Fkk] eq>s d#.kk dslkFk ns[kkA ^^rqEgsa cgqr dBksj thou feyk gksxkA** mlus dgkA ^^;s fpUg-------- eq>s vius ifj.kkeksa dks]dSusMk ds LokLF; eaMy dks crkuk iM+sxkA vkidh mez dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] eSa vk'kk djrk gwaW fd]dqN fuf'pr 'krksZa ds lkFk] os vkidks dSusMk esa nkf[ky dj ysaxsA**

ysMh dqbZ v©j Jherh xzsfoLdlZ dh] ,d i'kq fpfdRld ds }kjk tkWap dh xbZ v©j nksuksa dksLoLFk Äksf"kr fd;k x;kA esjs ekeys esa fu.kZ; dh çrh{kk djrs gq,] geus gokbZ tgkt esa] vius lkFkfcfYy;ksa dks ys tkus ds laca/k esa] iwNrkN dhA dsoy fLol ,;j (swiss air) lger gqbZ] blfy,geus rkRdkfyd :i ls muls] cqfdax djk yhA

dqN fnuksa ds ckn] eq>s dSusMk ds nwrkokl esa cqyk;k x;kA ,d vkneh us esjh rjQ dVqrkls ns[kkA ^^vki chekj gSa]** mlus dgkA ^êq>s ;s fuf'pr djuk iM+sxk fd] vki gekjs ns'k ds Åij“kj ughaa cuus okys gSaA** mlus dkxtksa ds lkFk] fQj ns[kÒky dh v©j rc ekuks fd] vR;f/kd ç;klds lkFk mlus dgk] ^êksufVª;y (Montreal)] us vkids ços'k dks vf/kÑr dj fn;k gS] o'krsZ vkiigqWapus ds rqjar ckn] LokLF; eaMy dks lwfpr djsa v©j tks dqN “h bykt vkidks pkfg,] mlsysaA ;fn vki lger ughaa gksrs gSa] rks vki ughaa tk ldrs]** vk'kkfUor gksdj mlus dgkA ;s eq>scgqr vutku yxk fd] brus lkjs nwrkokl ds vf/kdkjh] nwljs ns'kksa esa] vuko';d :i ls brusvkØked gksrs gSaA dqy feyk dj] os fdjk;s ij fy, x, u©dj gh gSa] dksbZ mUgsa ges'kk] ^^yksd lsod(civil servants)** ughaa dg ldrkA

geus vius earO;ksa (intentions) dks futh cuk dj j[kk! dsoy gekjs utnhdh fe= tkursFks fd] ge tk jgs Fks v©j ;s “h fd] ge dgkWa tk jgs Fks] D;ksafd ge viuh dher ij tkurs Fks fd];fn ge Nhdsa “h] rks v[kckj dk laoknnkrk] njokts ij BdBd djrk gqvk ;s iwNus ds fy,vk;sxk fd] D;ksa \ vafre ckj geus Mcfyu v©j gkmFk ds l©an;Z LFkyksa ds vklikl] xkM+h pykbZAokLro esa] NksM+us ds ckjs essa lkspuk “h ,d lnek Fkk] ijarq ge esa ls dksbZ “h ;gkWa ¼iFoh ij½ vkuands fy, ughaa gSA Mcfyu ds ,d cgqr n{k çfr"Bku us] gesa] fcfYy;kWa v©j viuk lkeku] 'ksuu(Shannon)106 rd] cl ls ys tkus ds fy, lgefr nh FkhA

fØlfel ls dqN fnu igys] ge tkus ds fy, rS;kj FksA gekjs iqjkus fe= feLVj yks¶Vl]gedks fcnkbZ nsus v©j vafre ueLdkj dgus ds fy, vk,A ;fn mudh vkaW[kksa esa vkWalw ughaa gksrs rks]eSa cgqr xyr gksrkA fu'p; gh eSaus eglwl fd;k fd] eSa ,d vR;ar çfr fe= ls fcnk gks jgk FkkAJh v©j Jherh vks*xzsMh gesa feyus vk;s] Jh vks*xzsMh us bl mís'; ds fy,] vius dke ls Nqêh ys yhFkhA os ^^vks*th** [kqys fny ls ijs'kku Fks] iSMh (Paddy) viuh çlérk çnf'kZr djrs gq,] viuh

106 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % 'ksuu vejhdk ds bZvksok dh ;wfu;u vkSj fjax xksYM dkmafV;ksa esa ls ,d NksVk lk xkao gS bldh vkcknh 2010 esa 71 FkhA dqy ,fj;k -4 oxZehygS tks fd iwjk dk iwjk LFky gSA

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“koukvksa dks fNikus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk Fkk] ftlus fdlh dks “h /kks[kk ughaa fn;kA eSaus njokts dkrkyk yxk;k] pkfc;kWa feLVj vks*xzsMh dks] vius odhy dks Mkd ls “stus ds fy,] ns nha cl esa cSBkv©j tc ls eSaus frCcr NksM+k] rc ls vf/kd lq[k ds le; ls] eSa nwj pykA eSa lcls vPNs yksxksa dslewg ls nwj pyk] ftUgsa eSa yEcs&yEcs o"kksZa esa feyk FkkA

cl] pôj yxkrh gqbZ] 'kgj ds l©gkæZiw.kZ ;krk;kr esa ls xqtjrh gqbZ] fpdus jk"Vªh;jktekxZ ij] [kqys ns'k ds igkM+ksa dks Äsjrh gqbZ] muesa vanj v©j muds Åij] Mcfyu ds fy, n©M+hAge] vius dke esa ekfgj] fe=or~ Mªk;oj] tks e'kgwj txgksa dks crkrk gqvk v©j gekjs “ys v©j lq[kdh fpark djrk gqvk jgk Fkk] ds lkFk Ä.Vksa rd pyrs jgsA ge vk/kh nwjh ij tk dj pk; ds fy,#dsA ysMh dqbZ] tks dksbZ “h mls Mªkbo djds ys tk jgk gks] mldks fgEer ca/kkrh gqbZ] ÅWapk cSBukv©j ;krk;kr dks ns[kuk] ilan djrh gS] v©j felst QhQh xzsfOgLdj] 'kkar cSB dj lkspuk ilandjrh gSA cl] ,d pk; ds fy, #dh] dkQh ÄcjkgV gqbZA ge D;ksa #ds gSa \ D;k lÒh phtsa BhdgSa \

ge pyrs x, D;ksafd] lM+d yach Fkh v©j 'ksfuu cgqr nwjh ij FkkA gekjs flj ij va/ksjk fÄjvk;k v©j gekjh pky dqN gn rd eanh gqbZA nsj 'kke dks] ge 'ksfuu gokbZ gìs ij igqWapsA vius[kkl lkeku dks NksM+k] v©j jgus dh ml txg ij x,] tks geus jkr dks v©j vxys fnu lqcg]#dus ds fy, cqd dh FkhA esjs LokLF; ds v©j nksuksa fcfYy;kas ds dkj.k] ge jkr dks v©j ,d fnu]vxys fnu NksM+rs gq,] 'ksuu esa #dsA ge esa ls gjsd ds ikl ,d dejk Fkk] l©ÒkX;o'k] muds chpesa] vkus&tkus ds njokts Fks] D;ksafd fcfYy;kWa ;s ughaa tkurh Fkha fd] os dgkWa jguk pkgrh gSaA dqNle; ds fy, os] fuokZr LoPNd (vacuum cleaner) dh rjg ls yksxksa dks i<+rh gqbZa] lwaÄrh gqbZa]ftUgksaus blls igys dejksa dk mi;ksx fd;k Fkk] gj rjQ Äwerh fQjha] rc os pqi gks xbZa v©j 'khÄzgh lks xbZaA

eSaus vxys fnu foJke fd;k v©j gokbZ tgkt ds vkl ikl ns[kkA ^^vk;kr 'kqYd eqä(duty free)" nqdku us eq>s vkdf"kZr fd;k] ijarq eq>s ogkWa mi;ksx dh dksbZ pht ughaa feyh( ;fndqN lkeku [kjhnrk rks dgha mldh Äks"k.kk djuh iM+rh v©j rc vk;kr 'kqYd pqdkuk iM+rk] blrjg D;k Qk;nk Fkk \

fLol ,;j ds vf/kdkjh] ennxkj v©j n{k Fks] v©ipkfjdrk;sa 'khÄz gh iwjh dj nha xbZa v©jgeus tgkt dk bartkj fd;kA vk/kh jkr vkbZ v©j xbZ] 1 ctsA 1-30 cts gesa fLol ,;j ds cM+stgkt ij ys tk;k x;k] ge v©j gekjh nks fcfYy;kWaA yksx vf/kdka'kr% muls] muds vkRefu;a=.k lsv©j vkRela;e ls] çÒkfor FksA batu dh vkoktksa us “h mudks fo{kqC/k ughaa fd;kA 'khÄz gh ge] rsthls] v©j rsth ls] gokbZ iêh ij n©M+us yxsA tehu ihNs NwV xbZA 'ksuu unh] ,d ia[k ds uhps]NksVh ls cg jgh Fkh v©j xk;c gks xbZA gekjs lkeus] vk;jysaM ds leqærV ds lkFk&lkFk lQsn/kkj NksM+rs gq,] foLr`r ,VykafVd egklkxj mÒjkA batu dh vkokt cnyh] pedrs gq, fudkl(exhaust) ikbiksa ls] yach iwaN okyh yiVsa fudyhaA ¼tgkt dh½ ukd] FkksM+h ÄwehA nksuksa fcfYy;ksa us'kkafr ls esjh rjQ ns[kk( D;k dksbZ fpark djus yk;d ckr Fkh] mUgksaus vk'p;Z fd;kA ;s esjk] lkrohackj ,VykafVd egklkxj dks ikj djuk Fkk] v©j eSa vk'oklu nsrk gqvk muds Åij eqLdqjk;kAtYnh gh os fleV xbZa v©j lks xbZaA

yach jkf=] pyrh xbZA ge va/ksjs ds lkFk ;k=k dj jgs Fks] gekjs fy, jkf=] ckjg Ä.Vs dkva/ksjk gksrkA gesa uhyh jks'kuh esa NksM+rs gq, v©j uhan ds ,d ean ls “fo"; ds fy,] dsfcu dhcfÙk;kaW] eanh dj nha xbZa v©j iSarhl gtkj QqV ÅWapkbZ ij] v'kkar egklkxj esa “wjh ¼i`"BÒwfe½ dsÅij] 'kksj djrs gq, batu vkxs c<+rs x,A /khes&/khes] rkjksa (stars) dk uewuk (pattern) cny x;kA

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/khes&/khes] nwj ds vkdk'k esa] i`Foh ds oØ ds fljs ij] fctyh dh ,d gYdh ped fn[kkbZ nhAtgkt dh jlksbZ (galley) esa gypy] IysVksa dh VdjkgV] rc /khes&/khes] ,d isM+ ds c<+us dh rjgls çdk'k vk;kA tgkt dk uez lsod pyrk gqvk vk;k] tks ges'kk gh vius ;kf=;ksa dh lqfo/kk dsfy, lko/kku FkkA dsfcu ds n{k pkyd] uk'rs ds djhc vk,A n{krk esa] ;kf=;ksa dk /;ku j[kus esa]mudh bPNkvksa esa v©j mudks okdbZ cgqr vPNk [kkuk nsus esa] fLol ,;j dh rqyuk] fdlh “h jk"Vªdh gokbZ lsok ls ughaa dh tk ldrhA fcfYy;kaW mB cSBha v©j mudk iwjk /;ku] nqckjk [kkus dhrjQ FkkA

nkabZ rjQ] dkQh nwj] ckM+ dh ,d “wjh js[kk mÒjh v©j rsth ls cM+h gks xbZA U;w;kdZ!vifjgk;Z:i ls eSaus igyh ckj lkspk] vius jkLrs ij] ikuh ds tgkt ds bathfu;j ds :i esa] eSavejhdk vk pqdk gwWaA rc dh esugêu dh xxupqach bekjrsa] vc dgkaW Fkha \ vc os] vius vkdkj dksçÒkfor djrs gq,] LoxZ dh rjQ ÅaWph gks xbZ Fkha] fuf'pr:i ls ;s NksVs&NksVs fcUnq ughaa gksldrs \ cM+s tgkt us pôj yxk;k] v©j mldk ,d ia[k MwckA batuksa us viuh vkoktsa cnyhaA/khes&/khes] ge uhps] v©j uhps] mrjrs x,A /khes&/khes] tehu ij bekjrksa us vkdkj ysuk 'kq: fd;k]tks vyx&Fkyx csdkj “wfe ds :i esa fn[k jgk Fkk] mlus vius vkidks] vkbfM;yokbYM(Idlewild) vUrjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vìs ds :i esa] çdV fd;kA dq'ky fLol foeku pkydksa us] foeku dksVk;jksa dh gYdh lh vkokt ds lkFk vklkuh ls uhps mrkjkA /khes ls] geus gokbZiêh ls gokbZvìs dhbekjrksa ds fy, VSDlh yhA ^^Ñi;k viuh txg cuk dj j[ksa]** tgkt ds lsodksa us dgkA ,dgYdk lk >Vdk] tSls gh pyrh gqbZ lhf<+;kWa] ml tgkt ds çca/k ds lkFk fojke esa vkbZa] /kkrq ds[kjksapus tSlh FkksM+h lh vkokt gqbZ v©j dsfcu dk njoktk “M+kd ls [kqy x;kA xqM ckbZ]fudkl }kj ij ykbu cuk dj [kM+s gq, dsfcu Øw us dgk] ^^gekjs lkFk nqckjk fQj ;k=k djsa**A/khes ls ge lhf<+;ksa ij uhps mrjs v©j ç'kklfud “ou eas x,A

vkbfM;yokbYM (Idlewild), ,d jsYos LVs'ku dh rjg ls ixyk;k gqvk FkkA yksx] tks “hjkLrs esa iM+rk mldks /kôk nsrs gq,] gj txg n©M+ jgs FksA ,d lsod c<+ dj vkxs vk;k] ^^blrjQ] igys dLVe ls fudklhA** ge] pyrs gq, IysVQkeZ ds cxy ls] ykbu cuk dj [kM+s gks x,Aços'k}kj ls dLVe vf/kdkjh rd QSys gq,] gekjs lkeku ds cM+s&cM+s fiaM] IysVQkeZ ds lgkjs pyrsgq,] vpkud gh çdV gq,A vf/kdkjh yksx] [kqyh isfV;ksa esa mFky iqFky epkrs gq,] lkFk&lkFk pysA^^vki] dgkWa ls gSa vki yksx \** ,d vf/kdkjh us eq> ls dgkA

^^Mcfyu] vk;jySaM** eSaus tokc fn;kA ^^vki dgkWa tk jgs gSa \**^^foaMlj] dukMk** eSaus dgkA^^Bhd gS] D;k dqN v'yhy rLohjsa gSa \** mlus lglk iwNkA mlds lkFk O;ofLFkr gksrs gq,]

geus viuk ikliksVZ v©j ohlk mls fn[kk;kA ftl rjg ls vknfe;ksa dks fuiVk;k tk jgk Fkk] bluseq>s f'kdkxks dh ekal iSd djus okyh QSDVªh dks /;ku esa yk fn;kA

vk;jySaM NksM+us ls igys] geus ,d vejhdh foeku esa] MsVªkWbV (Detroit) gokbZ ;k=k dsfy, vius LFkku cqd dj fn, FksA mUgksaus fcfYy;ksa dks gekjs lkFk gokbZ tgkt eas ys tkus ds fy,viuh lgefr nh FkhA vc gokbZ lsok ds vf/kdkjh] gekjs fVdVksa ij FkksM+s nq[kh çrhr gq,] v©jgekjh fcfYy;ksa dks] tks ,VykafVd egklkxj dks fcuk fdlh d"V ;k fookn ds ikj dj pqdh Fkha] ystkus ls euk fd;kA dqN le; ds fy, ,slk yxk fd] ge U;w;kdZ esa Qal x, gSa] gokbZ lsok nwj&nwjrd] blesa fnypLih ysrs gq, ughaa fn[k jgh FkhA eSaus ,d foKkiu ns[kk] yk XokfMZ;k (La Guardia)gokbZvìs ls] ^^dgha ds fy, “h gokbZ VSDlh**A gokbZ vìs dh ped dks ns[krs gq,] ge ,d eksVy

157

(motel) esa x,] tks yk XokfMZ;k ds Bhd ckgj FkkA ^^D;k ge viuh fcfYy;ksa dks vanj yk ldrsgSa \** geus iathdj.k est ds Åij cSBs gq, vkneh ls iwNkA mlus mUgsa] nks NksVh efgykvksa tSlh]ns[kk v©j dgk] fuf'pr&fuf'pr] mudk Lokxr gSA** nks v©j] dejksa esas Äweus fQjus v©j mudh tkWapdjus dk volj ik dj] ysMh dqbZ v©j felst QhQh xzsfOgLdj] okLro esa] cgqr [kq'k FkhaA

;k=k dk ruko] vc esjs Åij cksyus yxk FkkA eSa fcLrj ij tk dj ysV x;kA esjh iRuh us];s irk djus dk ç;kl djrs gq, fd] gokbZ VSDlh fdrus dh iM+sxh] v©j ge] dc rd mls ysik;saxs] yk XokfMZ;k dh lM+d dks ikj fd;kA var esa og fpafrr fn[krh gqbZ okil y©VhA ^^;s cgqrdherh iM+us tk jgh gS]** mlus dgkA

^^Bhd gS] vÒh ge] ;gkWa ughaa jg ldrs] gesa tkuk gh gS]** eSaus tokc fn;kA mlus VsyhQksumBk;k v©j 'khÄz gh] ,;j VSDlh ls] dy dukMk tkus ds fy,] O;oLFkk dhA

ge ml jkr dks Bhd ls lks,A fcfYy;kWa dkQh cs[kcj Fkha] ,slk yxk fd] os “h vius vki esaeLr FkhaA lqcg] uk'rs ds ckn] ge lM+d ikj djds gokbZ vìs dh rjQ ys tk, x,A ykXokfMZ;k ,d cM+k gokbZ vìk gS] tgkWa fnu ds gj fefuV ij] ,d gokbZ tgkt mM+rk gqvk ;kmrjrk gqvk gksrk gSA var esa] gesa og LFkku fey x;k] tgkWa ls gesa tkuk Fkk] v©j ge] gekjhfcfYy;kWa] v©j gekjk lkeku] ,d NksVs] nks batu okys] gokbZ tgkt ij yknk x;kA foekupkyd] ,d NksVk ls vkneh us] tks flj ls] iwjh rjg ls gtker cuk, gq, Fkk] gesa lH;rkiwoZdb'kkjk fd;k( v©j geus gokbZ iêh rd tkus ds fy, ,d VSDlh yhA dqN yxÒx nks ehy rd] geusVSDlh esa ;k=k dh v©j rc mls] mM+ku dh gekjh ckjh vkus rd çrh{kk djus ds fy,] [kkM+h esa NksM+fn;kA ,d cM+s varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ tgkt ds pkyd us] gkFk fgyk dj gekjk Lokxr fd;k] v©j viusekbØksQksu esa tYnh ls dqN cksykA gekjs foeku pkyd us dqN 'kCn dgs] ftUgsa eSa nksgjkuk ughaapkgrk] v©j dgk] ^^gekjs ikl------ QwVk gqvk gSA**

gok] iqfyl ds ph[krs gq, lk;ju ls “jh gqbZ FkhA iqfyl dk ,d iksr] ikxyiu ls] ,dlsok lM+d (service lane) dh vksj n©M+k v©j ikxyiu ls ph[krs gq, Vk;jksa dh vkokt ds lkFkf[akp dj] gekjs cxy ls [kM+k gks x;kA ^^iqfyl \ vc geus D;k dj fn;k \** eSaus Lo;a ls iwNkv©j rÒh lk;ju cts v©j vkx cq>kus okyh xkM+h vk igqaphA tSls gh mldh pky /kheh gqbZ] vusdvkneh mlesa ls VwV iM+sA iqfyl ds flikgh] ikj dj ds vk, v©j mUgksaus gekjs ik;yV ls dqNiwNkA os vkx cq>kus okys batu dh rjQ x,] v©j var esa] iqfyl ds vkx cq>kus okys flikgh] pysx,A lq/kkjus okyh ,d dkj n©M+ dj ogkWa vkbZ] gokbZ tgkt] ftlesa ge cSBs Fks dks tSd yxk djmBk;k] [kjkc gq, ifg;s dks gVk;k v©j n©M+rh gqbZ okil y©V xbZA nks Ä.Vs rd] ifg;k okil ikusdh çrh{kk esa] ge ogkWa çrh{kk djrs gq, cSBs jgsA var esa ifg;k p<+k;k x;k] foeku pkyd us batudks fQj ls 'kq: fd;k] v©j geus mM+ku “jhA igys fiV~lcxZ (Pittsberg) dh vksj #[k djrs gq,]ge tSls&tSls] ,yÄSuh (Alleghany) igkfM+;ksa ds Åij nwj mM+rs x,] igkfM+;ksa ds Bhd Åij bZa/kucrkus okyk] ukius okyk ehVj] tks esjs Bhd lkeus Fkk] fxj dj 'kwU; rd vk x;k v©j #d x;kAfoeku pkyd] uhjl “ko ls] blds çfr cs[kcj FkkA eSaus mls crk;k v©j mlus ,d QqlQqlkgV dslkFk dgk] ^^vkg] fuf'pr gh] ge ges'kk uhps tk ldrs gSaA** feuVksa ckn] ge igkM+ksa ds chp lerytxg esa vk x,] ,d LFkku tgkWa vusd gYds tgkt [kM+s gq, FksA ik;yV us ,d ckj pôj yxk;k]v©j iSVªksy iai rd pykrs gq, mrj x;kA ge gokbZ tgkt esa bZa/ku “jokus ds fy,] v©j fQj cQZls <dh gqbZ pksfV;ksa ls Åij] teh gqbZ gokbZ iêh ij] dkQh yacs pysA cQZ ds xgjs fdukjs] cxy lsjs[kkafdr gks x,] ÄkVh esa cM+h pgy igy FkhA ,d NksVh mM+ku] v©j ge fiV~lcxZ ds Åij FksA ge;k=k djus ls Fkd x, Fks] dM+s v©j efj;y ls gks x, FksA dsoy ysMh dqbZ ltx Fkh] og cSBh gqbZ

158

Fkh v©j f[kM+dh ds ckgj ns[k jgh Fkh v©j gj pht ls çlé gksrh gqbZ yx jgh FkhA DyhoySaM (Cleveland)107 gekjs uhps jgrs gq,] geus lkeus nkfguh vksj ,sjh (Erie) >hy

dks ns[kkA cQZ ds cM+s&cM+s <sj yxk fn, x, Fks] tcfd teh gqbZ iwjh >hy ds vkjikj] cM+h&cM+hnjkjsa v©j xÔ++s FksA foeku pkyd us] dksbZ tksf[ke u mBkrs gq,] viuk jkLrk isyh (Pelee) çk;}hidh vksj fy;k] tks ml >hy ls yxÒx vk/kh nwjh ij FkkA ogkWa ls og vke~gLVZcxZ(Amherstburg)108 ds fy,] v©j foaMlj (Windsor) gokbZ vM~~Ms ds fy, mM+kA gokbZ vìk vthcrjg ls 'kkar FkkA ogkWa lfØ;rk dh dksbZ n©M+ /kwi ughaa FkhA ge lhek 'kqYd ds “ou rd x,] gokbZtgkt ls mrjs] v©j vUnj x,A ,d vdsyk] lhek'kqYd vf/kdkjh] viuh M~;wVh dks [kRe djds tkjgk Fkk & vÒh ;s NS% cts jkr ls vf/kd le; gks pqdk FkkA nq%[kiwoZd mlus gekjs lkeku ij /;kufn;kA ^^;gkWa dksbZ vkçotZu vf/kdkjh (immigration officer) mifLFkr ughaa gSA** ^^rqedks rc rdbartkj djuk iM+sxk tc rd fd] nwljk dksbZ ughaa vk tkrkA** ge cSBs v©j geus çrh{kk dhA fefuV]/khes&/khes dj ds jSaxsA vk/kk Ä.Vk] le; [kqn #dk gqvk fn[kkbZ fn;k] gesa ml fnu lqcg vkB ctsls vc rd dksbZ [kkuk ;k ikuh ughaa feyk FkkA ÄM+h esa lkr ct x,A dLVe dk ,d vkneh vk;kv©j vkliM+©l esa Äwe dj le; u"V djus yxkA ^^eSa dqN ughaa dj ldrk tc rd fd] vkçotZuvf/kdkjh vkidks u tkus nsa]** mlus dgkA le; /khes&/khes xqtjrk gqvk yxk] lkr ct dj rhlfefuVA ,d yack vkneh vk;k v©j çoklh vf/kdkjh ds dk;kZy; esa x;kA ijs'kku lk fn[kkbZ iM+usokyk v©j ,d NksVk yky psgjs okyk og] dLVe ds vkneh ds ikl vk;kA ^^ge est dks [kqyok ughaaldrsA** ^^mlus dgkA dqN le; ds fy, os vkil esa cqncqnkrs jgs] pkfÒ;kaW Äqekrs jgs] cfr;krs jgs]var esa] fujk'kk esa] mUgksaus ,d ispdl fy;k v©j est ds rkys dks /kôk nsdj [kksykA ;s xyr estFkh] ;s iwjh rjg [kkyh FkhA

var esa QkeZ fey x,A Fkdku ds lkFk geus mUgsa “jk] ;gkWa&ogkWa gLrk{kj fd,A çoklhvf/kdkjh us gekjs ikji= ds Åij eksgj yxkbZ ^^ckgj ls vk, gq, çoklhA**

^^vc vki dLVe vf/kdkjh ds ikl tk ldrs gSa]** mlus] isfV;kWa [kksyus ds fy,] fMCcs dkrkyk [kksyus ds fy,] QkeZ fn[kkus ds fy,] ^^LFkkbZ:i ls clus okys** yksxkas esa gksus ls] gj phtfoLrkj ls crkrs gq,] vius lkeku dk foLrkjiwoZd o.kZu djus ds fy, dgk& v©j vf/kd eksgjsa yxhav©j var esa] ge dukMk esa] vksaVkfj;ks esa] foaMlj esa tkus ds fy, Lora= FksA tc og tku ik, fd]ge vk;jySaM ls vk, gSa] dLVe ds vf/kdkjh us dkQh xeZtks'kh ls gekjk Lokxr fd;kA og [kqnvk;jySaM dh iSnkb'k Fkk] mlds ekrk firk] tks vÒh ftank Fks] vk;fj'k FksA mlus reke loky iwNsv©j vk'p;ksZa dk vk'p;Z] &lkeku dks çrh{kkjr dkj esa ykus ds fy,] mlus gekjh enn dhA

gokbZvìs ds ckgj dVq 'khr Fkk] tehu ds Åij eksVh cQZ teh FkhA MsVªksbV unh ds ikjxxupqach bekjrsa gok esa [kM+ha FkhaA lÒh dk;kZy;ksa v©j dejksa dh jks'kfu;kWa ty jgha Fkha] D;ksafd

107 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % DyhoysaM vesfjdk dks vksfg;ks jkT; dk ,d 'kgj gS vkSj dkb;k gksck dkmaVh dk eq[;ky;] tks jkT; esa lokZf/kd vkcknh okyh dkmaVh gSA 'kgjvksfg;ks ds mÙkj iwohZ Òkx esa fLFkr gSA ,-ch- dh >hy ds nf{k.kh fdukjs ij yxÒx isuflyokfu;k ds 60 ehy nwj lhek lsA bls 1796 esa dks;kgksok unh ds eqgkus ijclk;k x;k Fkk] vkSj ;s viuh fLFkfr ds dkj.k fuekZ.k dk çeq[k dsUæ cu x;k blds lkFk gh ;s vusd ugjksa] jsy vkSj lM+dksa }kjk vkil esa tqM+k gqvk gS] 'kgj dhvkcknh 390000 ds djhc gS tks vejhdk dk 48oka lcls vf/kd vkcknh okyk 'kgj gS vkSj vksfg;ks esas dksyacl ds ckn nwljk lcls vf/kd vkcknh okykA 'kgj ds nwljsvU; uke ^^QksjsLV flVh**] ^^esVªksikfyl vkWQ n osLVu fjtoZ**] ^^n jkWd ,aM jksy dSfiVy vkWQ n oYMZ**] ^^lh&Vkmu** ,aM eksj fgLVksfjdyh ^^flDl flVh** gSaA ^^DyhoysaMDyhfud** 'kgj dk lcls cM+k jkstxkj çnkrk gS tks 37000 yksxksa dks dke miyC/k djkrk gS vkSj tks vejhdk ds loksZPp vLirkyksa esa viuk LFkku j[krk gSA ;wuoflZVhgkWLihVy vkQ DyhoysaM dks dsalj ds bykt ds fy, tkuk tkrk gS DyhoysaM dk gksifdu ,;jiksVZ 'kgj dk cM+k gokbZ vìk gSA DyhoysaM dk canjxkg tks pwxkgksxk unhds eqgkus ij gS ,d cgqr cM+k ekyokgh tgktksa dk vafre LFkku gS ysd,syh ds ÅijA

108 vuqoknd dh fVfIi.kh % vkeZLV cxZ dh vkcknh yxÒx 22000 gS tks maVkfj;ks jkT; esa ,Q,Dl dkmaVh esa MsVªksbV unh ds eqgkus ij clk gqvk ,d dusMkb 'kgj gSA blsjk"Vªh; ,sfrgkfld LFky ds :i esa Äksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA 'kgj fe'khxu MsVªkbV ds vejhdh yxÒx 16 ehy nwj nf{k.k esa gSA 'kgj dks 1796 esa vaxzsth lSfud fdysds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk 'kgj esa QksVZ ekVsZu vkSj ukFkZ vesfjdu Cysd fgLVksfjdy E;wft;e Òh gSaA fxclu xSyjh tks o"kZ esa gj le; viuh çn'kZfu;ka dks yxkrhgS pyrh jgrh gS LFkkuh; dykdkjksa dh vkSj foaMlj dh vkVZxSyjh ds LFkkbZ uewuksa dhA i;ZVu çn'kZuh vksaVkfj;ks laxzgky; ls vkSj muds xfy;kjksa ls vkSj LVwMsaVvkVZ@QksVksxzkQh çn'kZfu;kaA ,Q,Dl VfeZuy jsYos dks nqckjk cuk;k x;k gS tks dscwl esa gS vkSj jsyos laxzgky; ds :i esa çnf'kZr fd;k tkrk gSA iqu% LFkkfir xkMZugkml ,d nwljk ,sfrgkfld vkd"kZ.k gS ,eg"VZ cxZ dkA,eg"VZ cxZ çfro"kZ ,d tqykbZ dks dsusMk fnol dk mRlo eukrk gS ftlesa vkfr'kckth fn[kkbZ tkrh gS vkSj ikfjokfjd çn'kZu dk fnu gksrk gSA

159

fØlel lehi FkkA ge xkM+h ls foaMlj dh çeq[k lM+d] fofLr`r vksysV ,osU;w (Ouellette Avenue) dh rjQ

uhps mrjsA unh fn[k ughaa jgh Fkh] v©j ,slk fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk] ekuks ge lh/ks vejhdk tkus dsfy, MªkbZo dj jgs gksaA og vkneh] tks gedks Mªkbo djds ys tk jgk Fkk] fuf'pr :i ls viusjkLrksa ds ckjs esa vifjfpr gh fn[kk( ,d eq[; p©jkgs dks pwdrs gq,] mlus fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; d©'kyfd;k] ftlus gekjs jksaxVs [kM+s dj fn,A var esa ge vius fdjk;s ij fy, gq, edku esa igqWaps v©jogkaW mrj dj okLro esa] çlé gq,A

'khÄz gh eq>s] esjh mifLFkfr dh ekax djrk gqvk] v©j ;fn ge ogkWa mifLFkr ughaa gq, rks]ns'k fudkys lfgr] “;adj /kedh nsrk gqvk]&LokLF; eaMy dk ,d lans'k çkIr gqvkA nqÒkZX;o'k]/kefd;kWa nsuk] vksaVkfj;ksa vf/kdkfj;ksa dk fo'ks"k 'k©d fn[kkbZ fn;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ge fQj] ,dvf/kd fe=rk iw.kZ jkT; dh vksj] vkxs tkus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA

LokLF; eaMy esa esjk ,Dljs fd;k x;k] v©j vf/kd] tkudkfj;kWaa yha xbZa] v©j eq>s fQj lsÄj tkus fn;k x;kA foaMlj dk okrkoj.k “;kud gS] v©j mlds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds joS;s us “h tYnhgh gedks] ftruh tYnh ;s fdrkc iwjh gks tk,] ogkWa ls Bsyus ds fy, r; djk fn;kA

vc ^^jEik dh dgkuh** [kRe gks pqdh gSA esjh nks igyh iqLrdksa dh rjg ls] lR; crk fn;kx;k gSA esjs ikl if'peh fo'o ds ckjs esa] vkdk'kh; ;k=kvksa ds ckjs esa] dkQh dqN gS] tks eSa dgldrk FkkA eSaus okLro esa] dsoy phtksa ds mu fdukjksa dks gh Nqvk gS] tks laÒo gSaA ;fn dksbZvkneh] lw{e'kjhj ls ;k=k dj ldrk gS v©j ifj"kn ds pSEcj esa vanj D;k gks jgk gS] ;s ns[k ldrkgS rks] tklwlh tgktksa dks] muds lsodksa dks [krjs esa Mky dj] D;ksa “stk tk, \ dksbZ ns[k ldrk gSv©j ;kn “h dj ldrk gSA ;fn ;s iw.kZ:i ls tufgr esa gksa rks dksbZ] fuf'pr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dsvarxZr] ogkWa ls phtksa dks yk “h ldrk gS ijarq] if'peh yksx ,slh phtksa ds Åij gWalrs gSa] voKkdjrs gSaA os bUgsa ughaa le>rs] mu yksxksa ds fo"k; esa] ftuds ikl ;s ;ksX;rk;sa gSa] tks Lo;a mudsikl ughaa gSa] feF;k 'kksj epkrs gSa v©j Lo;a mu yksxksa ds fo:)] tks muds jkLrs ls vyx fn[kkbZiM+rs gksa] vi'kCnksa ds lkFk] ikxyiu esa gksrs gSaA

çlérk ds lkFk] eSaus vius Vk;ijkbVj dks ,d rjQ j[k fn;k v©j ysMh dqbZ v©j va/khfelst QhQh xzsfoLdj] tks nksuksa /©;ZiwoZd esjh çrh{kk dj jgh Fkha] ds lkFk [ksyus ds fy,] 'kkafr lscSB x;kA

ml jkr] nwjkuqÒwfr ls] ,d lans'k fQj vk;kA ^^yksclkax! rqeus vÒh rd viuh iqLrd iwjhughaa dh gS** esjk fny Mwc x;k] ;s tkurs gq, fd] cgqr de gh yksx lR; dks cw>us dh lkeF;Zj[krs gSa] eSa ys[ku ls Ä.kk djrk FkkA eSa mu phtksa ds laca/k esa fy[krk gWwa] ftUgsa euq"; dk eu çkIrdj ldrk gSA ;fn fdlh dks ;s crk fn;k tk, fd] :lh yksxksa us ,d vkneh dks eaxy ij “stfn;k gS] rks ml ij fo'okl dj fy;k tk,xk] ijUrq bl iqLrd esa crkbZ xbZ çkjafÒd voLFkk ij“h vfo'okl fd;k tk,xkA vkneh] euq"; ds eu dh 'kfä;ksa ls Mjk gqvk gS] v©j dsoy Qkyrw dhphtksa tSls jkWdsV] varfj{k;ku dk fparu dj ldrk gSA ekufld çfØ;kvksa ds }kjk vf/kd vPNsifj.kke çkIr gks ldrs gSaA

^^yksclkax! lR; \ D;k rqEgsa fgczw dh og dgkuh ;kn gS \ bls fy[kks] yksclkax] v©j tksfrCcr esa gks ldrk gS] mls “h fy[kksA**

jCch] ,d vkneh] tks viuh cqf) v©j vius gkL; ds fy, çfl) Fkk] ls ,d ckj iwNk x;kfd] og vDlj egku lR; dks] ,d NksVh lk/kkj.k dgkuh ds :i esa fpf=r djrs gq,] D;ksa dgrkgSA ^^ml]** fo}ku jCch us dgk] ^^D;k bls fdlh –"Vkar (parable) ds }kjk vPNh rjg ls le>k;k

160

tk ldrk gSA –"Vkar ds lEca/k esa ,d –"VkarA ,d le; Fkk] tc lR;] uaxk lR;] yksxksa ds chp esaÄwerk FkkA ftlus “h lR; dks ns[kk] mlus 'keZ ds ekjs ;k Mj ls] viuk eqWag Qsj fy;k D;ksafd] oslR; dks ns[k ughaa lds v©j vokafNr lR;] i`Foh ds yksxksa ds chp Äwerk fQjk] fdlh us mldkLokxr ughaa fd;k] gj ,d us f>M+d fn;kA fe=ghu v©j vdsyk og] ,d fnu] lqanj v©j cgqjaxhdiM+ksa esa] çlérk iwoZd Äwers gq, ,d –"Vkar dks feykA ,d çlérk “jh eqLdku ds lkFk –"Vkar usiwNk] ^^lR;] rqe brus nq[kh] brus fujk'k D;ksa gks \** ^^D;ksafd eSa bruk iqjkuk v©j bruk “ík gwWa fd]yksx eq>ls fi.M NqM+kuk pkgrs gSa]** lR; us :B dj dgkA ^^csodwQ! –"Vkar gWalk] bl dkj.k lsyksx rqedks vuns[kk ughaa djrs gSaA eq> ls dqN diM+s m/kkj ys yks] yksxksa ds chp esa tkvks v©j ns[kksfd] D;k gksrk gSA** blfy,] lR; us isjkcy ds lqanj oL=ksa esa ls dqN] xzg.k dj fy,] v©j tc dÒhog yksxksa ds chp x;k] mldk Lokxr fd;k x;kA** cqf)eku] cw<+k jCch] eqLdjk;k v©j mlus dgk]^^euq"; uXu&lR; dk lkeuk ughaa dj ldrsA os mls –"Vkar ds diM+ksa esa] os'k fNik dj ns[kuk gh]igys ilan djrs gSaA**

^^gkW] gkW yksclkax] ;s gekjs fopkjksa dk vPNk vuqokn gS] vc dgkuhA^^fcfYy;kW vius fcLrj esa cSBus ds fy;s] b/kj m/kj Äwerh fQjh v©j mUgksaus rc rd çrh{kk

dh tc rd fd eSaus] okLro esa] lekIr ughaa dj fy;kA eSaus VkbijkbVj nksckjk mBk;k] dkxtyxk;k v©j pkyw gks x;k--------

nwj ls “wr dh rjg ls uhys pedrs gq, çgjh us viuh xfr c<+kbZ] tSls og lw;Z ls çdkf'kri`Foh ds “kx dks va/ksjk djus ds fy;s] egk}hiksa v©j egklkxjksa esa pedrk gSA viuh bl lw{e'kjhjhvoLFkk esa] ;g dsoy mu yksxksa dks fn[k ldrk Fkk] tks vrhfUæ;Kkuh gksrs] fQj “h og lc dqNns[k ldk] v©j ckn esa vius 'kjhj esa okil y©Vrs gq,] mls lc dqN ;kn jgkA og lnhZ ds çfrfu"çÒkoh gks x;k Fkk] gok ds fojysiu ls mls dksbZ d"V ughaa gqvk] ÅWaph pksVh dh 'kj.k esa] mlusv©j çrh{kk dhA

pêku dh loksZPp ijkdk"Bk ij] lqcg ds lw;Z dh igyh fdj.ksa] mUgsa lqugjh jax esa cnyrsgq,] njkjksa esa teh oQZ ls cM+h la[;k esa jaxksa dk ijkorZu djrs gq,] la{ksi esa >ydhaA çdk'k dhv–'; fdj.ksa] çdkf'kr vkdk'k ls] /khes&/khes lc rjQ QSyhaA lw;Z cgqr nwj ds f{kfrt ls >kadkA

uhps ÄkVh esa dqN vthc phtsa gks jgha FkhaA lko/kkuh ls <dh xbZ iksVfy;kW ekuks fd] xkfM+;ksads ihNs yxs Vªsyjksa ij py jgh FkhaA çdk'k ds /kCcksa dks ijkofrZr djrs gq,] çlérk dh unh dkjtr&rUrq] ean&ean lk 'kksfÒr gks jgk FkkA ogkW vR;f/kd lfØ;rk Fkh] vtuch] fNikbZ xbZlH;rkA dkuwu ls ca/ks gq, Ygklk ds fuoklh] vius Äj esa fNis gq, Fks] vFkok çgfj;ksa dh lqj{kk esa]ca/kqvk etnwjksa dh cSjd esa ysVs gq, FksA

/khes&/khes] lw;Z vius iFk ij vkxs c<+kA 'khÄz gh] uhps dh rjQ ns[krh gqbZ mldh igyhfdj.ksa] vtuch vkÑfr ij] tks ÄkVh ds Q'kZ ij cquh x;h Fkh] iM+haA T;ksa gh lw;Z dk çdk'k vf/kdpednkj gqvk] ns[kus okys us ml cM+h vkÑfr dks vf/kd Li"Vrk ds lkFk ns[kkA ;s dkQh cM+h] v©jcsyukdkj Fkh] v©j mlds uqdhys fljs ij] vkdk'k dh vksj Åij fn[krh gqbZa] vkW[kksa dks v©j eqWg esals phjk yxk dj fudkys gq, nkWr dks fpf=r fd;k x;k FkkA 'krkfCn;ksa ls phuh ukfodksa us] vkW[kksadks vius tgktksa ij fpf=r fd;k FkkA vc ;s vkW[ksa] bl vthc çk.kh ij Ä.kk ls pepek jgha FkhaA

lw;Z pyrk x;kA 'khÄz gh iwjh ÄkVh çdk'k esa ugk xbZA vc dsoy vkaf'kd:i ls fNisgq, /kkrq ds vutkus <kaps] vius ØsMy esa] bl vtuch çk.kh ls nwj [khaps tk jgs FksA mlds xyQM+ksaij [khaps tkrs gq, cM+s&cM+s jkWdsV] “;kud :i ls ikih tSls fn[k jgs FksA blds vk/kkj ijrduhf'k;u vius gsMQksuksa (head phones) dks pkyw j[krs gq,] ijs'kku dh xbZ phfVa;ksa dh ,d

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uxjh dh rjg ls] lc rjQ n©M+ jgs FksA ,d lk;ju rsth ls ctk] v©j mldh xwat] pêku&pêkuls] ioZrh; nhokjksa ls ioZrh; nhokjksa rd Vdjk dj] ,d “;kud :i esa fefJr gksrs gq,] mRié gqbZrst] v©j rst] gksrh tk jgh “;kud /ofu dh d.kZdVqrk] okfil y©VhA lSfud] larjh] Jfed] mlh{k.k okfil y©Vs v©j nwj igkfM+;ksa esa 'kj.k ysus ds fy;s] ftruk rst os n©M+ ldrs Fks os mruk rstn©M+sA igkM+ ij] Åij dh rjQ] vk/kk nwjh ij] vknfe;ksa ds ,d NksVs lewg ds Åij] tks ml jsfM;ksmidj.k ds vklikl bdÎs Fks] çdk'k iM+kA ,d vkneh us ekbØksQksu mBk;k v©j ,d jkWdsV lsdjhc ,d ehy nwj fNis gq,] daØhV v©j LVhy ds cM+s 'kj.k LFkyksa ds fuokfl;ksa dks >wB cksyrs gq,dqN dgkA fÒUkfÒukrh gqbZ vkokt] dqN lsds.Mksa rd pyh v©j rc #d xbZA

ogkW 'kkafr Fkh] cgqr gh de iyksa ds fy, dqN ughaa gqvkA jkWdsV ls fudyus okyh ok"i dhvylk;h gqbZ tqYQsa] dsoy ek= phtsa] Fkha tks py jgh FkhaA NksVs&NksVs pêkuh >juksa ds lkFk] /kkjkdk çokg] v©j mldh xtZuk rst] v©j rst] gks xbZA i`Foh Lo;a dkairh gqbZ v©j 'kksd eukrh gqbZfn[kkbZ nhA tc rd ,slk ughaa yxk fd] dku ds insZ bl rsth ls QV tk,saxs] vkokt rst] v©jrst] gksrh xbZA ,dne uhps foy{k.k :i ls] yiVksa dk ,d cM+k lewg v©j jkWdsV ds vk/kkj lsfudyh gqbZ “ki fn[kkbZ nhA /khes ls] ekuks fd] vR;f/kd foLe;dkjd ç;klA jkWdsV Åij mBkA ,dle; ,slk yxk fd] viuh vkx dh iwWaN ds Åij] ;s yxÒx fLFkj [kM+k gqvkA rc blus xfr ikbZv©j xtZuk djrs gq,] v©j /kwe epkrs gq,] ekuo tkfr dh vogsyuk djrs gq,] dkairk gqvk ;s]vkdk'k ij p<+ x;kA ;s] “ki v©j /kw,a dh fdj.kksa dks yEch nwjh rd NksM+rk gqvk] Åij] v©j Åij]x;kA dkQh ckn esa] tc ;g iwjk –'; lekIr gks x;k] igkfM+;ksa dh pksfV;ksa ij ph[k us daiufd;kA

ioZr dh cxy ls rduhf'k;uksa dk ,d lewg] vius ekbØksQksuksa esa O;xz:i ls cM+cM+krs gq,vFkok vkdk'k esa mPp {kerk okys f}usf=;ksa ls ns[krs gq,] vius jkMkj ds inksaZ dks ns[k jgk FkkA tSlsgh 'kfä'kkyh jkWdsV eqM+k v©j vius jkLrs ij O;ofLFkr gqvk] çdk'k dh ,d [kkukcnks'k ped] fljls dkQh ls nwj] pedhA

pêkuksa ds ihNs ls “;Òhr psgjs çdV gq,A çgjh v©j xqyke Jfedksa ds chp “sn dks vLFkkbZ:i ls “qykrs gq,] yksxksa ds NksVs&NksVs lewg bdÎs gks x,A fefuV xqtjrs x,A rduhf'k;uksa usvius jkMkj ds midj.kksa dks can dj fn;k] D;ksafd jkWdsV mudh lhek ds ckgj tk pqdk FkkA fefuVfVd&fVd djrs x;sA

ikxyiu ls b'kkjk djrs gq,] vius ekbØksQksuksa dks mÙkstuk esa pkyw djuk “wyrs gq,]vpkud rduhf'k;u vius iSjksa ij >qdsA jkWdsV] ,d ijek.kq eq[kkL= (war head) ds lkFk] 'kkafrfç;ns'k esa] cgqr nwjh ij ,d LFkku ij mrjkA VwVs QwVs uxjksa ds lkFk] ns'k dlkbZ[kkuk Fkk v©j yksxpednkj xSlksa ds :i esa “ki cu pqds FksA phuh lkE;oknh] vius ykmMLihdjksa dks iwjk pkyw fd;sgq,] vius vkuUn dks] viuh lÒh ckrksa dks “wyrs gq,] bl ekjd çkfIr ds Åij vkuUn ds lkFkph[ks v©j fpYyk;sA ;q) dk çFke pj.k lekIr gks x;k Fkk] nwljk 'kq: gksus okyk FkkA vkufUnrrduhf'k;u] nwljk jkWdsV rS;kj djus ds fy;s rsth ls n©M+sA

D;k ;s diksy dYiuk gS \ ;s lgh “h gks ldrk FkkA jkWdsV NksM+us dk LFkku] ftruk ÅWpkgksrk gS] okrkoj.k mldks mruk gh de vojks/k Mkyrk gS v©j ;g vf/kd nwjh rd tk ldrk gS]de bZ/ku ds fy;s vf/kd nwjhA leqæ ry ls l=g gtkj QqV Åij] frCcr ds likV LFkkuksa lsç{ksfir fd;k x;k jkWdsV] fdlh uhps LFkku ls ç{ksfir fd;s x;s jkWdsV dh rqyuk esa] vf/kd n{kgksxkA blfy;s lkE;okfn;ksa dks] 'ks"k nqfu;kWa dh rqyuk esa vxz.kh; ykÒ v©j vusdksa n{k ç{ksi.k LFky]çkIr gksaxs] tgkW ls jkWdsVksa dks varfj{k esa ;k dgha “h] nwljs ns'kksa esa ç{ksfir djuk vklku gksxkA

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phu us frCcr ds Åij vkØe.k fd;k gS & mls thrk ughaa gS & rkfd og if'peh 'kfä;ksads Åij vf/kd ykÒ dh fLFkfr esa jgsA phu us frCcr ds Åij vkØe.k fd;k gS rkfd] tc ogrS;kj gks] og “kjr dks vius Äsjs esa ys ys] v©j 'kk;n “kjr ds ek/;e ls] ;wjksi esa Äql tk,A ;s “hgks ldrk gS fd] viuh fpeVh dh idM+ cukus ds fy;s] phu v©j :l ,d lkFk fey tk,sa v©j tks“h mldh jkg esa jksM+k cusa] mu nwljs Lora= ns'kksa ds thou dks dqpy MkysaA ;s gks ldrk gS & tcrd fd bl fn'kk esa tYnh dqN ughaa fd;k x;kA i©ys.M \ iyZ gkcZj \ frCcr \ ^^fo'ks"kK gh ;gdg ik;saxs fd] ;s vR;kpkj ughaa gksuk pkfg;sA os xyr Fks D;k os nqckjk xyr gksus okys gSa \

163

çdk'kdksa ds foÒkx dh n;kyqrk

tc ls ^^rhljh vkW[k** lcls igys çdkf'kr gqbZ gS] o"kksZ rd eq>s “kjh ek=k esa Mkd feyh gS]

v©j orZeku le; rd eSaus mldk ges'kk mÙkj fn;k gSA vc eq>s dguk gS fd] eSa ;gkW ls vkxs fdlh

“h Mkd dk tcko nsus esa l{ke ughaa gks ldwWxk] tc rd fd mlds lkFk] iwjk&iwjk okfilh Mkd

[kpkZ ughaa “stk x;k gksA blfy;s Ñi;k esjs çdk'kd dks] eq>s vxzsf"kr djus ds fy;s i= u “satsa

D;ksafd] eSaus vius çdk'kd dks] eq>s dksbZ i= vxzsf"kr ughaa djus dks dgk gSA

yksx ;s “wy tkrs gSa fd] mUgksaus fdrkc ds fy;s iSlk fn;k gS] fdlh thoui;Zar~] eq¶r Mkd

lykgdkj lsok] ds fy;s ughaaA çdk'kd] vkf[kj çdk'kd gh gS & dksbZ i=ksa dks vxzs"k.k djuh okyh

lsok ughaaA

eq>s iwjs lalkj ls] insZ ds ihNs ls “h] i= feys] ijUrq gtkjksa yksxksa esa ls ,d us “h] okfilh

dk [kpkZ ughaa “stk] v©j ykxr bruh T;knk gS fd] eSa mÙkjksa dk [kpkZ] vc v©j ughaa >sy ldrkA

yksx ,slh csrqdh phtksa dks “h iwNrs gSaA muesa ls dqN ;gkW gSa %

tc eSa vk;jys.M esa Fkk] vkWLVsªfy;k ls ,d vR;Ur fujk'kktud i= Fkk] tks eq> rd

igqWpkA ekeyk okLro esa] vR;ko';d Fkk] blfy;s eSaus vius [kpsZ ij vkWLVªsfy;k dks leqæh rkj

(cable) “stk] v©j eq>s /kU;okn Kkiu rd ughaa feykA

la;qäjkT; vesfjdk esa] ;s ekax djrs gq, fd] eq>s muds fy;s ,d Fkhfll fy[kuh pkfg;s

v©j mUgsa okfilh gokbZ tgkt ls “stuh pkfg;s] fdlh egkuqÒko us eq>s i= fy[kkA og bls iwohZ

n'kZu'kkL= (oriental pholosophy) esa MkWDVsjsV dh fMxzh çkIr djus ds fy;s mi;ksx djuk pkgrs

FksA okLro esa mUgksaus dksbZ Mkd [kpZ ughaa “stkA ;s ek=] ,d /kedh “jh ekax FkhA

,d vaxzst vkneh us] cgqr gh vagdkjh “ko ls] esjs çek.ki=ksa dh ekax djrs gq,] vU; iq#"k

(third person) esa i= fy[kk v©j dsoy ;fn] os muds fglkc ls iwjh rjg larks"ktud gq, rks] og

Lo;a dks esjs vUrxZr f'k"; ds :i esa çLrqr djsaxs] c'krsZ blds fy;s] eSa mlls dksbZ 'kqYd u ywWA

nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ;s le>k x;k Fkk fd] eq>s lEekfur fd;k tk jgk gSA ^^eSa ughaa le>rk fd] mUgsa esjk

tcko ialn vk;sxkA^^

nwljs fdlh us] eq>s fy[kk v©j dgk fd] ;fn] eSa ^^v©j esjs fe=^^ jkr dks lw{e'kjhjh ;k=k esa]

frCcr ls vk;sa v©j mlds fcLrj ds pkjksa rjQ tqM+ tk,sa rks] og lw{e'kjhjh ;k=k ds laca/k esa

vf/kd çlé vuqÒo djsxkA

nwljs fdlh us eq>s fy[kk v©j eq>ls mPp] 'kk'or] phtksa ds ckjs esa ls gj ,d ds ckjs esa]

164

¼;fn eSa pkgwW rks bldk mÙkj ns ldrk gwW½ ;s crkus ds fy;s fd] eqfxZ;ksa v©j fdlh ds ifr (hens

and ones husband) dks dSls ,d lkFk j[kk tk;sA yksxksa us ;s “h le>k fd] tks dqN muds eu

esa vk;s] os eq>s fy[k ldrs gSa v©j ;fn eSa tckoh gokbZ tgkt ls mudks mÙkj u nwW rks os vkØked

“h gks ldrs gSaA

eSa vkils dguk pkgrk gwW fd] esjs çdk'kdksa dks ijs'kku u djsa] okLro esa] eSaus mUgsa] dksbZ “h

i= eq>s “stus ds fy;s] euk fd;k gS D;ksafd] os çdk'kd ds :i esa O;kikj esa gSaA mu yksxksa ds fy;s]

tks okLro esa] mÙkj ikuk pkgrs gSa ¼;|fi eSa i=ksa dks vkeaf=r ughaa djrk½ esjs Äj dk irk gS %

Dr. T Lobsang Rampa,BM/LTR,London W.C.I.,England

eSa fdlh tcko dh xkjaVh ughaa nsrk] v©j ;fn vki bl irs dk mi;ksx djrs gSa rks vkidks

mfpr Mkd[kpZ “stuk iM+sxk D;ksafd] i= esjs ikl vxzsf"kr fd;s tk;saxs v©j eq>s “qxrku djuk

iM+sxk] blfy;s eSa mÙkj nsus ds fy;s i;kZIr e/kqj fopkj esa ughaa gksÅWxk] tc rd fd] vki esjs [kpsZ

dks viuk [kpkZ u cuk ysaA mgkj.k ds fy;s] tc rd fd] vxzs"k.k çÒkjksa dk “qxrku fd;k tk;s] ;s

de ls de eq>s ,d MkWyj dh ykxr iM+sxhA

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· ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh] çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS] eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k]...

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Transcript of · ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh] çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS] eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k]...

· ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh]** çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS]** eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k]...

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Transcript of · ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh]** çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS]** eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k]...

· ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh] çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS] eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k]...

Transcript of · ys[kd dk çkôFku ^^dkbZ dVqrk ugh] çdk'kd egkn; us dgkA ^^Bhd gS] eSaus Lo;a fopkj fd;k]...