]Ys}˝‡—dUeconweb.ucsd.edu/~v2crawford/Camerer_Ch1intro.pdf]Ys}˝‡—dU ... d(d
Transcript of ]Ys}˝‡—dUeconweb.ucsd.edu/~v2crawford/Camerer_Ch1intro.pdf]Ys}˝‡—dU ... d(d
]Ys}��� dU
yt��BIZ{�$Btd
]Bj$t 3� ]s8����
*$%$R$Bt BP <Z8st$�$�R stI 7B{$sj 7{$�t{�R 11MT��
]sj$PB�t$s ytR�$�Z�� BP q�{YtBjB�k
_sRsI�ts ]V �dd1x
{s8����oYRR�{sj��{Y��IZ
!{�BA�� 1(� 1((d
d!{�BA�� 1(� 1((d� qY$R $R s {Ys}��� $t 8k PB��Y{B8$t� ABB,�
�Ys%$B�sj ps8� qY�B�kU e-}��$8�t�R Bt 7��s���${ yt���s{�$Bt� _j�sR� IB tB� JZB�� B� {$�{Zjs��
b$�YBZ� }��8$RR$Bt� AZ� {B88�t�R s�� %��k b�j{B8�� �R}�{$sjjk P�B8 sZ�YB�R bYB s�� {$��I $t{B���{�jk�
8$R$t���}����I� B� 8$R�s,�tjk B8$���I�
d
d yt��BIZ{�$Bt
ps8� �Y�B�k $R sABZ� bYs� Ys}}�tR bY�t }�B}j�u B� ��t�R� B� ts�$BtRu $t���s{�� <���
s�� RB8� �-s8}j�RU q�tt$R }jsk��R I�{$I$t� bY��Y�� �B R��%� �B �Y� j�P� B� �$�Y� R$I� BP �Y�
{BZ��� �Y� Btjk As,��k $t �Bbt B&��$t� s I$R{BZt��I }�${� Bt }sR��$�R `ZR� A�PB�� $� {jBR�R�
�8}jBk��R I�{$I$t� YBb Ys�I �B bB�, bY�t �Y� ABRR $R sbsk� st V�sA �Z� R�jj�� I�{$I$t�
YBb JZ${,jk �B jBb�� Y$R }�${� bY�t Ys��j$t� b$�Y s �BZ�$R�� �$%sj I�Z� h�8R $t%�R�$t� $t
s �s{� �B ��s{Y }s��t�� st �T{B88��{� sZ{�$Bt {B8}stk j�s�t$t� bY${Y P�s�Z��R �B sII
�B $�R b�AR$�� Ak ��$sjTstIT���B�� ��sj �R�s�� I�%�jB}��R �Z�RR$t� bY�t s IBbt��BII�t
Z�Ast t�$�YAB�YBBI b$jj R}�$t� As{, �B j$P�� 7st 3�st{$R{B {B88Z���R I�{$I$t� bY${Y
bsk �B bB�, b$jj A� JZ${,�R� bY�t �Y� sk �$I�� $R {jBR�I� Ns8�js�s 8�t $t ytIBt�R$s
I�{$I$t� bY��Y�� �B `B$t �Y� Isk:R bYsj� YZt�� stI YBb �B I$%$I� �Y� bYsj� $P �Y�k {s�{Y
Bt�� s$�j$t� bB�,��R YZR�j$t� �B ��� s }jst� sbsk P�B8 �Y� �s�� Bt �$8�� � V:R I�{$I$t�
bYs� �Y�$� I����� b$jj R$�tsj �B }�BR}�{�$%� �8}jBk��R wstI bY��Y�� JZ$��$t� sP��� �Y�
h�R� k�s� BP �Y�$� �bBTk�s� }�B��s8 �B `B$t s IB�T{B8 R�s��Z} R$�tsjR �Z�R B� R�Z}$I$�kD�
s 8st P�s8$t� s 8�8�t�B P�B8 bY�t Y� h�R� 8�� Y$R b$P�� sR s �$P� Bt �Y�$� h�R� B^{$sj
Is�� s k�s� js��� w�Y�k:�� Ys}}$jk 8s��$�I tBb�D� stI }�B}j� A$II$t� PB� s�� B� B$j j�sR�R�
B� PB� ,t${,,ts{,R Bt � sk�1
yt sjj BP �Y�R� R$�Zs�$BtR� s }��RBt wB� h�8D 8ZR� st�${$}s�� bYs� B�Y��R b$jj IB stI
bYs� B�Y��R b$jj $tP�� P�B8 �Y� }��RBt:R Bbt s{�$BtR� V �s8� $R s 8s�Y�8s�${sj -T�sk BP
�Y� {�Z{$sj P�s�Z��R BP �Y�R� R$�Zs�$BtR� V �s8� {BtR$R�R BP �Y� XR��s���$�R" �s{Y BP R�%��sj
X}jsk��R" Ys%�� b$�Y }��{$R� �Zj�R PB� �Y� B�I�� $t bY${Y }jsk��R {YBBR� R��s���$�R� �Y�
$tPB�8s�$Bt �Y�k Ys%� bY�t �Y�k {YBBR�� stI YBb �Y�k �s�� �Y� I�R$�sA$j$�k wB� XZ�$j$�k"D
BP ��RZj�$t� BZ�{B8�R� Vt V}}�tI$- �B �Y$R {Ys}��� I�R{�$A�R �Y� AsR${ 8s�Y�8s�${R BP
�s8� �Y�B�k stI �$%�R RB8� ��P���t{�R PB� PZ��Y�� ��sI$t��
ps8� �Y�B�k YsR s %��k {j�s� }s���t$�kU �stk BP $�R 8s$t P�s�Z��R b��� $t��BIZ{�I
Ak %Bt W�Z8stt stI �B���tR���t $t d�;; wPBjjBb$t� �s�j$�� bB�, $t �Y� d�n(R Ak %Bt
W�Z8stt stI B��jD� V P�b k�s�R js���� WsRY }�B}BR�I s XRBjZ�$Bt" �B �Y� }�BAj�8 BP
YBb �s�$Btsj }jsk��R bBZjI }jsk� tBb {sjj�I WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8� WsRY:R $I�s� AsR�I Bt �Y�
1qY�R� �-s8}j�R $jjZR��s��� ��R}�{�$%�jkU 8$-�I �JZ$j$A�$Z8 w��tt$R� {Ys}��� 1D� Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�R
wAs,��k� {Ys}��� nD� �$P� �-{Yst�� w�8}jBk��R� {Ys}��� nD� qZt$R$st As9ss� As��s$t$t� w�Z� R�jj��� {Ys}���
;D� }s��t� �s{� �s8�R w}s��t�R� {Ys}��� xD� j�s�t$t� w�T{B88��{�� {Ys}��� ED� R�s� YZt� �s8�R wbYsj��R�
{Ys}��� �D� b�s,Tj$t, �s8�R ws$�j$t�R� {Ys}��� �D� B�I�� R�s�$R�${ �s8�R wI�%�jB}��R� {Ys}��� �D� R$�tsj$t�
w� V:R stI �B8st{�� {Ys}��� MD� sZ{�$BtR wA$II$t�� {Ys}��� �D�
1
$I�s BP �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $t s }YkR${sj RkR��8� bsR �Ys� }jsk��R bBZjI sI`ZR� �Y�$� R��s���$�R
Zt�$j tB }jsk�� {BZjI A�t�h� P�B8 {Yst�$t�� Vjj }jsk��R s�� �Y�t {YBBR$t� R��s���$�R bY${Y
s�� A�R� wZ�$j$�kT8s-$8$9$t�D ��R}BtR�R �B sjj �Y� B�Y�� }jsk��R: R��s���$�R� y8}B��st�
R��}R $t �Y� d�E(R b��� �Y� ��sj$9s�$Bt �Ys� A�Ys%$B� $t ��}�s��I R�JZ�t{�R BP Bt�TRYB�
�s8�R {BZjI I$&�� RZAR�st�$sjjk P�B8 A�Ys%$B� $t Bt�TRYB� �s8�R� stI �Y�B�$�R $t bY${Y
s }jsk�� {st Ys%� }�$%s�� $tPB�8s�$Bt sABZ� Y�� %sjZ�R wB� X�k}�"D� }�B%$I�I sjj }jsk��R
,tBb �Y� }�BAsA$j$�$�R BP bYs� �YBR� �k}�R 8$�Y� A�� yt d��;� WsRY� FBYt <s�Rstk$� stI
i�$tYs�I 7�j��t wst s{�$%� �-}��$8�t���D RYs��I �Y� WBA�j _�$9� $t e{BtB8${ 7{$�t{�
PB� �Y�$� }s�YA��s,$t� {Bt��$AZ�$BtR�
yt �Y� jsR� hP�k k�s�R� �s8� �Y�B�k YsR ��sIZsjjk A�{B8� s R�stIs�I jst�Zs�� $t �{BT
tB8${R stI $R $t{��sR$t�jk ZR�I $t B�Y�� RB{$sj R{$�t{�R wstI $t A$BjB�kD� yt �{BtB8${R�
�s8� �Y�B�k $R ZR�I �B stsjk9� A�Ys%$B� BP h�8R bY${Y bB��k sABZ� bYs� �Y�$� {B8}��$T
�B�R b$jj IB�n ps8� �Y�B�k $R sjRB �BBI PB� ZtI��R�stI$t� YBb bB�,��R A�Ys%� $t h�8R
wj$,� �Y� ��s{�$Bt BP ]e!R B� Rsj�R}�B}j� �B $t{�t�$%� {Bt��s{�RD� �Y� R}��sI BP RB{$sj
{Bt%�t�$BtR j$,� jst�Zs�� stI PsRY$Bt� stI bY${Y ��t�R B� {Zj�Z�sj }�s{�${�R b$jj R}��sI�
qY� }Bb�� BP �s8� �Y�B�k $R $�R ��t��sj$�k stI 8s�Y�8s�${sj }��{$R$Bt� qY� Rs8�
AsR${ $I�sR s�� ZR�I �B stsjk9� sjj �Y� �s8�Ru ��tt$R� As��s$t$t� PB� �Z�R� �B8st{��
bYsj�TYZt�$t�u I�R{�$A�I $t �Y� h�R� }s�s��s}Y BP �Y$R ABB,� ps8� �Y�B�k $R sjRB ABjIjk
}��{$R�� 7Z}}BR� st V�sA �Z� R�jj�� {st sjbskR AZk 8B�� �Z�R {Y�s}jk� $t����R��I �BZ�$R�
%sjZ�R �Y� �Z�R s� RB8�bY��� A��b��t cd( stI cd(((� stI �Y� R�jj�� YsR s �BBI $I�s BP
YBb $8}s�$�t� �Y� �BZ�$R� $R AZ� $Rt:� RZ�� YBb 8Z{Y �Y� �BZ�$R� j$,�R s }s��${Zjs� �Z��
qY�t �s8� �Y�B�k ��jjR kBZ �-s{�jk bYs� }�${� �Y� R�jj�� RYBZjI R�s�� BZ� s�� stI �-s{�jk
YBb JZ${,jk Y� RYBZjI {Z� �Y� }�${� sR �Y� �BZ�$R� Y�8R stI YsbR� yt �-}��$8�t�sj
��{��s�$BtR BP �Y$R ,$tI BP �Z�TR�jj$t�� �Y� �Y�B�k $R YsjPT�$�Y� stI YsjPTb�Bt�U y�:R b�Bt�
sABZ� �Y� B}�t$t� }�${�R R�jj��R R�s��� AZ� �Y� �s�� s� bY${Y �-}��$8�t�sj R�jj��R I�B}
�Y�$� }�${�R B%�� �$8� $R s8s9$t�jk {jBR� �B �Y� �s�� �s8� �Y�B�k }��I${�R wR�� {Ys}��� ;D�
y� $R $8}B��st� �B I$R�$t�Z$RY �s8�R P�B8 �s8� �Y�B�k� ps8�R s�� s �s-BtB8k BP
R��s���${ R$�Zs�$BtR� s �BZ�Y �JZ$%sj�t� PB� RB{$sj R{$�t{� BP �Y� }��$BI${ �sAj� BP �j�8�t�R
$t {Y�8$R��k� Vtsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k $R s 8s�Y�8s�${sj I��$%s�$Bt BP bYs� }jsk��R b$�Y
nps8� �Y�B�k hjjR �Y� {Bt{�}�Zsj �s} A��b��t s R$t�j� 8BtB}Bjk� bY${Y t��I tB� bB��k sABZ� bYs�
B�Y�� h�8R stI {BtRZ8��R b$jj IB A�{sZR� $� YsR 8BtB}Bjk }Bb��� stI X}��P�{� {B8}��$�$Bt"� $t bY${Y
tB h�8 $R A$� �tBZ�Y PB� {B8}��$�B�R �B bB��k sABZ�� ps8� �Y�B�k $R ZR�I �B R�ZIk �Y� $t���8�I$s��
{sR�� XBj$�B}Bjk"� $t bY${Y �Y��� s�� P�b �tBZ�Y h�8R �Ys� �s{Y {B8}stk RYBZjI st�${$}s�� bYs� �Y�
B�Y��R b$jj IB�
n
I$&���t� {B�t$�$%� {s}sA$j$�$�R s�� j$,�jk �B IB $t �s8�R�; ps8� �Y�B�k $R BP��t Y$�Yjk
8s�Y�8s�${sj wbY${Y YsR j$8$��I $�R R}��sI BZ�R$I� �{BtB8${RD stI $R ZRZsjjk AsR�I Bt
$t��BR}�{�$Bt stI �Z�RR�R� �s�Y�� �Yst {s��PZj BAR��%s�$Bt BP YBb }�B}j� s{�Zsjjk }jsk
$t �s8�R� qY$R ABB, s$8R �B {B���{� �Y� $8Asjst{� BP �Y�B�k stI Ps{�R Ak I�R{�$A$t�
YZtI��IR BP �-}��$8�t�R $t bY${Y }�B}j� $t���s{� R��s���${sjjk� qY� ��RZj�R s�� ZR�I �B
{��s�� A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k� �Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k $R sABZ� bYs� }jsk��R s{�Zsjjk
IB� y� �-}stIR stsjk�${sj �Y�B�k Ak sII$t� �8B�$Bt� 8$R�s,�R� j$8$��I PB��R$�Y�� IBZA�R
sABZ� YBb R8s�� B�Y��R s��� stI j�s�t$t�� �B stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k� �Ys%$B�sj ps8�
qY�B�k $R Bt� A�st{Y BP A�Ys%$B�sj �{BtB8${R� st s}}�Bs{Y �B �{BtB8${R bY${Y ZR�R
}Rk{YBjB�${sj ���Zjs�$�k �B RZ���R� bskR �B b�s,�t �s�$Btsj$�k sRRZ8}�$BtR stI �-��tI
�Y�B�k wR�� ]s8����� NB�b�tR��$t� stI isA$t� 1((1D�
�{sZR� �Y� jst�Zs�� BP �s8� �Y�B�k $R AB�Y �${Y stI {�$R}� $� {BZjI Zt$Pk 8stk
}s��R BP RB{$sj R{$�t{�� 3B� �-s8}j�� ��ZR� $R R�ZI$�I Ak RB{$sj }Rk{YBjB�$R�R� RB{$BjB�$R�R�
}Y$jBRB}Y��R� �{BtB8$R�R $t����R��I $t �{BtB8${ I�%�jB}8�t�� stI B�Y��R� Z� bYs� $R
��ZR�2 qY$R Rj$}}��k {Bt{�}� {st A� }��{$R�jk I�ht�I $t s �s8�U GBZjI kBZ j�tI 8Bt�k
�B RB8�ABIk bYB IB�Rt:� Ys%� �B }sk kBZ As{,� AZ� 8$�Y� P��j 8B�sjjk BAj$��I �B IB
RB2 yP kBZ bBZjI� kBZ ��ZR� Y��� yP RY� }skR kBZ As{,� RY� $R ��ZR�bB��Yk� qY$R I�ht$�$Bt
�$%�R s bsk �B 8�sRZ�� ��ZR�� stI YsR A��t ZR�I $t �-}��$8�t�R $t 8stk }js{�R w$t{jZI$t�
Zj�s�$s stI ��tks� R�� {Ys}��� nD�
qY� R}��sI BP �s8� �Y�B�k BZ�R$I� BP �{BtB8${R YsR RZ&���I� y A�j$�%�� P�B8 �Y�
8$R{Bt{�}�$Bt �Ys� kBZ t��I �B ,tBb s jB� BP Pst{k 8s�Y �B s}}jk $�� stI P�B8 �Y� Ps{�
�Ys� 8BR� }��I${�$BtR BP stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k s�� tB� b�jjT��BZtI�I $t BAR��%s�$Bt� qY�
t��I PB� �8}$�${sj ���Zjs�$�k �B $tPB�8 �s8� �Y�B�k YsR A��t ��{B�t$9�I 8stk �$8�R� yt
�Y� B}�t$t� }s��R BP �Y�$� R�8$tsj ABB, %Bt W�Z8stt stI �B���tR���t wd�;;D b�B��U
����Y� �8}$�${sj As{,��BZtI BP �{BtB8${ R{$�t{� $R I�ht$��jk $tsI�JZs��� !Z�
,tBbj�I�� BP �Y� ��j�%st� Ps{�R BP �{BtB8${R $R $t{B8}s�sAjk R8sjj�� �Yst �Ys�
{B88stI�I $t }YkR${R s� �Y� �$8� bY�t 8s�Y�8s�$9s�$Bt BP �Ys� RZA`�{�
bsR s{Y$�%�I���y� bBZjI Ys%� A��t sARZ�I $t }YkR${R �B �-}�{� ��}j�� stI
W�b�Bt b$�YBZ� qk{YB �sY��u stI �Y��� $R tB ��sRBt �B YB}� PB� st �sR$��
I�%�jB}8�t� $t �{BtB8${R w}� ;D�;qB A� }��{$R�� �Y$R ABB, $R Btjk sABZ� XtBt{BB}��s�$%�" �s8� �Y�B�ku �Ys� $R� bY�t }jsk��R {sttB�
8s,� A$tI$t� s����8�t�R sABZ� bYs� �B IB� RB �Y�k 8ZR� �Z�RR bYs� B�Y��R b$jj IB� ]BB}��s�$%� �s8�
�Y�B�k $R s {B8}j�8�t�s�k A�st{Y BP �s8� �Y�B�k bY${Y I�sjR b$�Y YBb }jsk��R I$%$I� �Y� R}B$jR sP���
�Y�k Ys%� 8sI� A$tI$t� s����8�t�R�
;
qY$R ABB, $R PB{ZRR�I Bt �-}��$8�t�R sR �8}$�${sj As{,��BZtI� ps8� �Y�B�k YsR sjRB
A��t ��R��I ZR$t� Is�s bY${Y ts�Z�sjjk B{{Z� $t h�jI R���$t�R w}s��${Zjs�jk $t {j�s�jk
R��Z{�Z��I R$�Zs�$BtR j$,� sZ{�$BtRD� Z� �-}��$8�t�sj {Bt��Bj $R }s��${Zjs�jk ZR�PZj A�T
{sZR� �s8� �Y�B�k }��I${�$BtR BP��t I�}�tI R�tR$�$%�jk Bt �Y� {YB${�R }jsk��R Ys%�� YBb
�Y�k %sjZ� BZ�{B8�R� bYs� �Y�k ,tBb� �Y� B�I�� $t bY${Y �Y�k 8B%�� stI RB PB��Y� VR
]�sbPB�I wd���� }� 1(�D �-}js$tRU
�Ys%$B� $t �s8�R $R tB�B�$BZRjk R�tR$�$%� �B I��s$jR BP �Y� �t%$�Bt8�t�� RB
�Ys� R��s���${ 8BI�jR {s��k s Y�s%k $tPB�8s�$Btsj AZ�I�t� bY${Y $R BP��t
{B8}BZtI�I $t �Y� h�jI Ak st $tsA$j$�k �B BAR��%� sjj ��j�%st� %s�$sAj�R� y8T
}B��st� sI%st{�R $t �-}��$8�t�sj ��{Yt$JZ� B%�� �Y� }sR� �Y��� I�{sI�R sjjBb
s {Bt��Bj �Ys� BP��t �$%�R �-}��$8�t�R s I�{$R$%� sI%st�s�� $t $I�t�$Pk$t� �Y�
��js�$BtRY$} A��b��t A�Ys%$B� stI �t%$�Bt8�t����3B� 8stk JZ�R�$BtR� $� >�-T
}��$8�t�sj Is�sH $R �Y� 8BR� $8}B��st� RBZ�{� BP �8}$�${sj $tPB�8s�$Bt b�
Ys%�� stI $� $R Ztj$,�jk �B A� j�RR ��j$sAj� �Yst {sRZsj �8}$�${$R8 B� $t��BR}�{T
�$Bt�
!P {BZ�R�� $� $R $8}B��st� �B sR, YBb b�jj �Y� ��RZj�R BP �-}��$8�t�R b$�Y w8BR�jkD {Bjj���
R�ZI�t�R }jsk$t� PB� s {BZ}j� BP YBZ�R PB� 8BI�R� htst{$sj R�s,�R ��t��sj$9� �B bB�,��R $t
h�8R� {B8}st$�R {��s�$t� {B�}B�s�� R��s���k� I$}jB8s�R t��B�$s�$t�� stI RB PB��Y� Z�
�Y�R� IBZA�R sABZ� ��t��sj$9sA$j$�k s�� s I�8stI PB� 8B�� �jsAB�s�� �-}��$8�t�R� tB�
s I$R8$RRsj BP �Y� �-}��$8�t�sj 8��YBI }�� R�� e-}��$8�t���R Ys%� R�ZI$�I s P�b I$T
8�tR$BtR BP ��t��sj$9sA$j$�ku }s��${Zjs�jk �Y� �&�{�R BP }jsk$t� PB� 8B�� 8Bt�k� bY${Y
$R ZRZsjjk R8sjj� Z� 8B�� s8A$�$BZR �-}��$8�t�R b$�Y ��s8R BP }jsk��R� {B8}j�- �t%$T
�Bt8�t�R� {B88Zt${s�$Bt� stI B%��js}}$t� ��t��s�$BtRx bBZjI �tYst{� ��t��sj$9sA$j$�k
PZ��Y�� stI }�B}j� RYBZjI IB 8B�� BP �Y�8�
d�d GYs� $R �s8� �Y�B�k �BBI PB�2
yR �s8� �Y�B�k 8�st� �B }��I${� bYs� }�B}j� IB� �B �$%� �Y�8 sI%${�� B� bYs�2 qY�
�Y�B�$R�:R stRb�� $R �Ys� �s8� �Y�B�k $R tBt� BP �Y� sAB%�u $� $R R$8}jk Xstsjk�${sj"�
s ABIk BP stRb��R �B 8s�Y�8s�${sj JZ�R�$BtR sABZ� bYs� }jsk��R b$�Y %s�$BZR I�����R
BP �s�$Btsj$�k b$jj IB� yP }�B}j� IBt:� }jsk �Y� bsk �Y�B�k RskR� �Y�$� A�Ys%$B� YsR tB�
x7�� 7{YB���� stI 7B}Y��� 1(((�
x
}�B%�I �Y� 8s�Y�8s�${R b�Bt�� stk 8B�� �Yst htI$t� �Ys� {sRY$��R RB8��$8�R �$%� �Y�
b�Bt� {Yst�� I$R}�B%�R s�$�Y8��${�
yt }�s{�${�� YBb�%��� �Y� �BBjR BP stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k s�� ZR�I �B }��I${�� stI sjRB
�B �-}js$t wB� X}BR�I${�"E stI }��R{�$A�� VZ{�$BtR s�� s �BBI �-s8}j� bY${Y $jjZR��s��R
sjj �Y��� ZR�R BP �s8� �Y�B�k� sR�I Bt }��{$R� sRRZ8}�$BtR sABZ� �Y� �Zj�R BP �Y� sZ{�$Bt
stI �Y� bsk $t bY${Y A$II��R %sjZ� st BA`�{�� j$,� st B$j j�sR� B� }s$t�$t�� sZ{�$Bt �Y�B�k
�Y�t I��$%�R YBb 8Z{Y �s�$Btsj A$II��R b$jj }sk�
qY�B�k {st Y�j} �-}js$t bYk RB8� �k}�R BP sZ{�$BtR s�� 8B�� {B88Bt �Yst B�Y��R�
3B� �-s8}j�� $t XR�{BtIT}�${�" B� z${,��k sZ{�$BtR �Y� Y$�Y A$II�� AZkR �Y� BA`�{�
A�$t� sZ{�$Bt�I s� s }�${� �JZsj �B �Y� R�{BtITY$�Y�R� A$I wR�� {Ys}��� �D� =tI�� RB8�
{BtI$�$BtR �Y�R� sZ{�$BtR RYBZjI� $t �Y�B�k� �s$R� 8B�� ��%�tZ� PB� R�jj��R �Yst ��sI$�$Btsj
h�R�T}�${� sZ{�$BtR $t bY${Y �Y� Y$�Y A$II�� }skR bYs� RY� A$I� Z� R�{BtIT}�${� sZ{�$BtR
s�� �s�� wR�� NZ{,$t�Ti�$jjk� 1(((D� GYk2 ps8� �Y�B�k B&��R st �-}jsts�$BtU 7$t{� �Y�
Y$�Y A$II�� }skR s }�${� B�Y�� �Yst bYs� RY� A$I $t s R�{BtIT}�${� sZ{�$Bt� RZ{Y sZ{�$BtR
s�� %Zjt��sAj� �B 8st$}Zjs�$Bt Ak �Y� R�jj�� wbYB {st Rt�s, $t st s��$h{$sj A$I �B PB�{�
�Y� Y$�Y A$II�� �B }sk 8B��D�
<Bb b�jj IB�R sZ{�$Bt �Y�B�k }��I${�2 q�R�R b$�Y h�jI Is�s s�� }�BAj�8s�${U 7$t{�
A$II��R: %sjZs�$BtR s�� ZRZsjjk Y$II�t� $� $R I$^{Zj� �B ��jj bY��Y�� �Y�k s�� A$II$t�
B}�$8sjjk� sj�YBZ�Y RB8� }��I${�$BtR {st A� ��R��I� 3B��Zts��jk� �Y��� s�� 8stk {s��PZj
�-}��$8�t�R wR�� {Ys}��� �� stI �s��j� d��xD� qY� ��RZj�R BP �Y�R� �-}��$8�t�R s�� 8$-�I�
yt }�$%s��T%sjZ� sZ{�$BtR $t bY${Y �s{Y }jsk�� YsR �Y�$� Bbt }��RBtsj %sjZ� PB� �Y� BA`�{�
wstI IB�Rt:� {s�� YBb 8Z{Y B�Y��R %sjZ� $�D� }�B}j� A$I ��8s�,sAjk {jBR� �B �Y� s8BZt�R
�Y�k s�� }��I${��I �B� �%�t bY�t �Y� PZt{�$Bt 8s}}$t� %sjZ�R $t�B A$IR $R tBtj$t�s� stI
{BZt���$t�Z$�$%���
yt {B88BtT%sjZ� sZ{�$BtR �Y� %sjZ� BP �Y� BA`�{� $R �RR�t�$sjjk �Y� Rs8� PB� �%��kBt��
AZ� $R Zt{���s$t� $II$t� PB� j�sR�R Bt B$j ��s{�R $R st �-s8}j�u I$&���t� B$j {B8}st$�R
bBZjI sjj %sjZ� �Y� B$j $t �Y� Rs8� bsk AZ� s��t:� RZ�� YBb 8Z{Y B$j $R �Y���� yt �Y�R�
sZ{�$BtR }jsk��R bYB s�� 8BR� B}�$8$R�${ sABZ� �Y� %sjZ� BP �Y� BA`�{� ��tI �B A$I �Y�
Y$�Y�R� stI b$t� qY� }�BAj�8 $R �Ys� $P kBZ b$t� $� 8�stR kBZ b��� 8Z{Y 8B�� B}�$8$R�${
Eyt RB8� IB8s$tR BP RB{$sj R{$�t{�� �Y�R� ,$tIR BP �s8�T�Y�B���${ �R�B�$�R: sABZ� YBb st $tR�$�Z�$Bt
B� �%�t� ZtPBjI�I s�� {sjj�I �stsjk�${sj ts��s�$%�R: stI s�� }�B%$t� $t{��sR$t�jk }B}Zjs� w s��R �� sj�
d��MD��7�� ]Y�t stI _jB�� wd��MD stI �Y� R�sj�ITA$I 8�{Yst$R8 ��RZj�R $t {Ys}��� ;�
E
�Yst stk B�Y�� A$II��� bY${Y 8�stR kBZ }�BAsAjk }s$I 8B�� �Yst �Y� BA`�{� $R bB��Y� s
}BRR$A$j$�k {sjj�I �Y� Xb$tt��:R {Z�R�"� Vtsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k sRRZ8�R �s�$Btsj A$II��R
b$jj st�${$}s�� �Y� b$tt��:R {Z�R� stI A$I %��k {BtR��%s�$%�jk �B s%B$I $�� e-}��$8�t�R
RYBb �Ys� }jsk��R IB tB� st�${$}s�� �Y� b$tt��:R {Z�R�� RB b$tt$t� A$II��R ��t��sjjk }sk
8B�� �Yst �Y�k RYBZjI�
_��Ys}R �Y� 8BR� $8}B��st� 8BI��t ZR� BP sZ{�$Bt �Y�B�k $R �B }��R{�$A� YBb �B A$I $t
st sZ{�$Bt� B� YBb �B I�R$�t st sZ{�$Bt� qY� RY$t$t� ��$Z8}YR BP 8BI��t sZ{�$Bt �Y�B�k
s�� ��{�t� sZ{�$BtR BP s$�bs%�R �B ��j�{B88Zt${s�$BtR {B8}st$�R� yt R�%��sj sZ{�$BtR $t
I$&���t� {BZt��$�R� ���Zjs�B�k s��t{$�R I�{$I�I �B }Z� s$�bs%� R}�{��Z8 Z} PB� sZ{�$Bt�
Vt sZ{�$Bt �s$R�R �B%��t8�t� ��%�tZ� stI� $I�sjjk� �tRZ��R �Ys� s }ZAj${ ��RBZ�{� �tIR Z}
$t �Y� YstIR BP �Y� h�8R �Ys� s�� A�R� sAj� �B {��s�� %sjZ� P�B8 $�� yt 8BR� {BZt��$�R� �Y�
sZ{�$BtR b��� I�R$�t�I $t {BjjsAB�s�$BtR s8Bt� �Y�B�$R�R stI �-}��$8�t�sj X��R�A�II$t�"
�Ys� Y�j}�I I���{� Ztst�${$}s��I b�s,t�RR�R $t }�B}BR�I I�R$�tR wj$,� ZR$t� s b$tI �Ztt�j
�B ��R� �Y� I�R$�t BP st s$�}jst� b$t�� B� s X�BbT�st," }BBj �B R�� bY${Y RY$} I�R$�tR
R$t, stI bY${Y 4Bs�D� qY� I�R$�tR bY${Y �8����I b��� tB� �-s{�jk {B}$�I P�B8 ABB,R
Bt sZ{�$Bt �Y�B�k� ytR��sI� �Y�B�$R�R R}�t� s jB� BP �$8� }B$t�$t� BZ� YBb 8B�$%s��I
A$II��R {BZjI �-}jB$� jBB}YBj�R $t I�R$�tR bY${Y b��� }�B}BR�I Ak jsbk��R stI ���Zjs�B�R�
stI ZR$t� �Y� ��RZj�R BP ��R�A�II$t� �B $8}�B%� I�R$�tR� WB�${� �Ys� $t �Y$R }�B{�RR BP
}��R{�$}�$Bt� �Z�RR$t� s{{Z�s��jk YBb }jsk��R b$jj s{�Zsjjk A�Ys%�u �BBI }��I${�$Btu $R
{�Z{$sj�M
e%�t $P �s8� �Y�B�k $R tB� sjbskR s{{Z�s��� I�R{�$}�$%� Ps$jZ�� $R }��R{�$}�$%� B}}B�T
�Zt$�k� FZR� sR �%st��j$R�R }��s{Y A�{sZR� }�B}j� �BZ�$t�jk %$Bjs�� 8B�sj {BI�R� �Y� Ps{�
�Ys� }jsk��R %$Bjs�� �s8� �Y�B�k }�B%$I�R s {Yst{� �B �$%� Y�j}PZj sI%${�� 7$8}jk 8s}T
}$t� RB{$sj R$�Zs�$BtR $t�B �k}�R BP �s8�R $R �-���8�jk ZR�PZj A�{sZR� $� ��jjR }�B}j� bYs�
�B jBB, BZ� PB�� yt �Y�$� }B}Zjs� ABB, PB� AZR$t�RR 8sts���R� ]BB}��$�$Bt� �stI�tAZ����
stI Wsj�AZ& wd��x2D I�sb s���t�$Bt �B �Y� As��R� ABt�R BP s �s8�u }jsk��R� $tPB�8sT
�$Bt� s{�$BtR� stI BZ�{B8�R� B�Y s�� A�$jj$st� �Y�B�$R�R bYB {BZjI Ys%� b�$���t s 8B��
�Y�B���${sj ABB,� qY�k {YBR� tB� �B A�{sZR� ��s{Y$t� � VR stI bB�,$t� b$�Y 8sts���R
{Bt%$t{�I �Y�8 �Ys� ��s{Y$t� �Y� AsR${ �j�8�t�R BP �s8� �Y�B�k $R 8B�� Y�j}PZj�
M<Bbs�I is$&s }B$t��I �Y$R BZ� 8stk �$8�R� {sjj$t� �s8� �Y�B�k XsRk88���${sjjk tB�8s�$%�"�
�
1 qY��� �-s8}j�R
qY$R {Ys}��� $jjZR��s��R �Y� AsR${R BP A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k bstI �Y� �-}��$8�t�sj
s}}�Bs{Y b$�Y �Y��� �-s8}j�R wbY${Y s�� I$R{ZRR�I $t 8B�� I��s$j $t js��� {Ys}���RDU
=j�$8s�Z8 As��s$t$t�� X{Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I�" {BB�I$ts�$Bt �s8�R� stI XA�sZ�k {Bt��R�"
�Z�RR$t� �s8�R� e-}��$8�t�R ZR$t� �Y�R� �s8�R RYBb YBb A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k {st
�-}js$t bYs� }�B}j� IB 8B�� s{{Z�s��jk Ak �-��tI$t� stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k �B $t{jZI�
YBb }jsk��R P��j sABZ� �Y� }skB&R B�Y�� }jsk��R ��{�$%�� j$8$��I R��s���${ �Y$t,$t�� stI
j�s�t$t��
qY� �Y��� �s8�R ZR� s ��{$}� ZtI��jk$t� 8BR� BP �Y� �-}��$8�t�R ��}B���I $t �Y$R
ABB,U _${, s �s8� PB� bY${Y R�stIs�I �s8� �Y�B�k 8s,�R s ABjI }��I${�$Bt B� s %s�Z�
}��I${�$Bt �Ys� {st A� RYs�}�t�I� 7$8}j� �s8�R s�� }s��${Zjs�jk ZR�PZj A�{sZR� Btjk Bt�
B� �bB AsR${ }�$t{$}j�R s�� t��I�I �B 8s,� s }��I${�$Bt� yP �Y� }��I${�$Bt $R b�Bt�� b�
,tBb bY${Y }�$t{$}j�R s�� s� PsZj�� stI �Y� ��RZj�R ZRZsjjk RZ���R� st sj���ts�$%� }�$t{$}j�
bY${Y }��I${�R A������
yt �Y� �-}��$8�t�R� �s8�R s�� ZRZsjjk }BR�I $t sAR��s{� ���8R A�{sZR� �s8� �Y�B�k
�s��jk R}�{$h�R YBb sII$t� ��sj$R�${ I��s$jR b$jj s&�{� A�Ys%$B�� 7ZA`�{�R 8s,� s R$8}j�
{YB${�� stI ,tBb YBb �Y�$� {YB${�R stI �Y� {YB${�R BP B�Y�� RZA`�{�R {B8A$t� �B I����8$t�
8Bt��s�k }skB&R�� 7ZA`�{�R s�� s{�Zsjjk ��bs�I�I AsR�I Bt �Y�$� }��PB�8st{� A�{sZR� b�
s�� $t����R��I $t �-��s}Bjs�$t� �Y� ��RZj�R �B ts�Z�sjjkTB{{Z��$t� �s8�R $t bY${Y }jsk��R
Ys%� RZAR�st�$sj htst{$sj $t{�t�$%�R� qY� �s8�R s�� ZRZsjjk ��}�s��I A�{sZR� b� s��
$t����R��I $t �JZ$j$A�s�$Bt stI j�s�t$t� B%�� �$8�� Vt V}}�tI$- �B �Y$R {Ys}��� I�R{�$A�R
RB8� ,�k I�R$�t {YB${�R �-}��$8�t���R 8s,�� stI bYk �Y�k 8s�����
1�d e-s8}j� dU =j�$8s�Z8 As��s$t$t�
y Bt{� �BB, s {�Z$R� b$�Y RB8� P�$�tIR stI s }YB�B��s}Y�� �BB, BZ� }${�Z��� ZtRBj${$��I�
sR b� ABs�I�I �Y� ABs�� GY�t b� I$R�8As�,�I YBZ�R js���� �Y� }YB�B��s}Y�� ��$�I �B R�jj
�qY�R� I�R$�t {YB${�R A�� Y�s%$jk Bt �Y� {B�t$�$%� }��RZ8}�$Bt �Ys� }�B}j� s�� ZR$t� ��t��${ }�$t{$}j�R
BP R��s���${ �Y$t,$t� bY${Y ��stR{�tI $I$BRkt{�s�${ I$&���t{�R $t %��Asj I�R{�$}�$BtR BP �s8�R� yP {YB${�R
s�� IB8s$tTR}�{$h{ �Y�t �Y� AsR${ �t���}�$R� �Y$R ABB, I�R{�$A�R $R $t{B8}j���� %s�k$t� �s8� jsA�jR �B
�%B,� IB8s$tTR}�{$h{ ��sRBt$t� $R �Y� t�-� R��}� qY� R�ZIk Ak ]BB}�� �� sj wd���D BP �s�{Y�� �&�{�R $t
}�BIZ{�$%$�k �s8�R ZR$t� ]Y$t�R� Ps{�B�k 8sts���Ru bYB Ps{� RZ{Y �&�{�R $t }jstt�I �{BtB8$�Ru $R s
�BBI �-s8}j� wR�� {Ys}��� MD�
M
ZR �Y� }${�Z�� PB� cx stI ��PZR�I �B t��B�$s��� w<$R ��PZRsj bsR {��I$Aj� A�{sZR� R�%��sj
B�Y�� ��BZ}R R�BBI s�BZtI I�{$I$t� bY��Y�� �B AZk �Y�$� }${�Z��R� sjRB PB� cx� yP Y� {s%�I
$t stI {Z� �Y� }�${�� $� bBZjI A� �%$I�t� �B sjj B�Y��R stI Y� bBZjI jBR� s jB� 8B�� �Yst
�Y� I$R{BZt� �B ZR R$t{� Y� bBZjI Ys%� �B B&�� �Y� I$R{BZt� �B �%��kBt��D �$t� �BBI
�s8� �Y�B�$R�R� b� Asj,�I s� �Y� }�${� stI }B$t��I BZ� �Ys� �Y� }${�Z�� bsR bB��Yj�RR
�B Y$8� w!t� {Y�s}R,s�� B&���I cd�D <� ��`�{��I BZ� $tRZj�$t� B&�� stI ��PZR�I �B As{,
IBbt�
qY� �s8� b� }jsk�I b$�Y �Y� }YB�B��s}Y�� bsR st XZj�$8s�Z8 �s8�"� qY� Zj�$8sT
�Z8 �s8� $R �Y� R$8}j�R� ,$tI BP As��s$t$t�� yt st Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8� �Y��� $R RB8� �s$t
P�B8 �-{Yst�� stI Bt� }jsk�� 8s,�R s �s,�T$�TB�Tj�s%�T$� B&�� BP YBb �B I$%$I� �Ys� �s$t�
!Z� }${�Z�� }��RZ8sAjk YsI tB %sjZ� �B Y$8� stI bsR %sjZsAj� �B ZR wbB��Y 8B�� �Yst
cx $t R�t�$8�t�sj %sjZ�D� V }�${� $R R$8}jk }�B}BR$t� s bsk �B I$%$I� �Y� �s$tR P�B8
�-{Yst�� A��b��t BZ� ��Z� ��R��%s�$Bt }�${� stI Y$R {BR�� <$R B&�� �B R�jj PB� cx bsR st
Zj�$8s�Z8 B&�� A�{sZR� Y� ��PZR�I �B t��B�$s���
yt jsAB�s�B�k Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�R j$,� �Y$R �bB }jsk��R� s _�B}BR�� stI s i�R}BtI���
As��s$t B%�� RB8� s8BZt�� Rsk cd( w�Y� RZ8 ZR�I $t 8stk �-}��$8�t�RD� qY� cd(
��}��R�t�R �Y� %sjZ� BP �Y� �s$t �B �-{Yst�� wB� XRZ�}jZR"D bY${Y bBZjI A� jBR� $P �Y�
��sI� bsRt:� 8sI�� qY� _�B}BR�� B&��R - �B �Y� i�R}BtI��� j�s%$t� Y��R�jP cd(T-� qY�
i�R}BtI�� {st �$�Y�� �s,� �Y� B&��u �Y�t �Y� i�R}BtI�� ���R - stI �Y� _�B}BR�� ���R
cd(T-u B� {st ��`�{� $� stI AB�Y ��� tB�Y$t��
�{sZR� �Y� Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8� $R RB R$8}j�� $� $R tB� s �BBI 8BI�j BP �Y� }�B��s{��I
}�B{�RR BP 8BR� ts�Z�sjjkTB{{Z��$t� As��s$t$t� wstI $Rt:� $t��tI�I �B A�D� y� $R �Y� �$�Y�
8BI�j BP bYs� Ys}}�t�I �B ZR sP��� �Y� {�Z$R�� stI bYs� Ys}}�tR $t �Y� bst$t� 8$tZ��R
A�PB�� s jsAB� R��$,� $R {sjj�I� B� Bt �Y� {BZ��YBZR� R��}R A�PB�� s jsbRZ$� �B�R �B ��$sj� y�
$R s 8BI�j BP �Y� jsR� R��} $t 8Z{Y As��s$t$t�� stI Y�t{� $R s AZ$jI$t� AjB{, PB� 8BI�jj$t�
8B�� {B8}j${s��I R$�Zs�$BtR wR�� {Ys}��� ;D�
7$8}j� �s8�R ��R� �s8�T�Y�B���${ }�$t{$}j�R $t �Y� {j�s��R� }BRR$Aj� bsk� =j�$8sT
�Z8 �s8�R� stI ��js��I �s8�R� sjRB s�� ZR�PZj PB� 8�sRZ�$t� YBb }�B}j� P��j sABZ� �Y�
sjjB{s�$BtR BP 8Bt�k A��b��t �Y�8R�j%�R stI B�Y��R�
qY� stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k s}}�Bs{Y �B Zj�$8s�Z8 As��s$t$t� $R �Y$RU 3$�R� sRRZ8�
}jsk��R s�� XR�jPT$t����R��I"� �Ys� $R� �Y�k {s�� sABZ� �s�t$t� �Y� 8BR� 8Bt�k PB� �Y�8T
R�j%�R� yP }jsk��R s�� R�jPT$t����R��I� �Y� i�R}BtI�� b$jj s{{�}� �Y� R8sjj�R� 8Bt�k s8BZt�
B&���I� Rsk c�1x� yP �Y� _�B}BR�� st�${$}s��R �Y$R� stI bst�R �B ��� �Y� 8BR� RY� {st PB�
�
Y��R�jP� RY� b$jj B&�� c�1x stI ,��} c���x� yt PB�8sj ���8R� B&��$t� c�1x wstI s{{�}�$t�
stk }BR$�$%� s8BZt�D $R �Y� XRZA�s8� }��P�{� �JZ$j$A�$Z8"�d( k �B$t� h�R�� �Y� _�BT
}BR�� YsR sjj �Y� As��s$t$t� }Bb�� stI� $t �Y�B�k� {st �-}jB$� $� R$t{� s R�jPT$t����R��I
i�R}BtI�� b$jj �s,� bYs��%�� RY� {st ����
qB 8stk }�B}j�� �Y� jB}R$I�I I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �Y� cd( }��I${��I Ak stsjk�${sj �s8�
�Y�B�k wb$�Y R�jPT$t����R�D R��8R ZtPs$�� �{sZR� �Y� sjjB{s�$Bt $R {BtR$I���I ZtPs$�� �Y�
bsk }�B}j� s{�Zsjjk As��s$t RYBbR bY��Y�� }�B}j� s�� b$jj$t� �B �s,� {BR�jk s{�$BtR bY${Y
�-}��RR �Y�$� {Bt{��tR PB� Ps$�t�RR� yt �Y� {�Z$R�T}${�Z�� �-s8}j�� B&��$t� cd $tR��sI BP
�Y� cx }�${� �Y� }YB�B��s}Y�� B&���I sII�I c; �B BZ� RZ�}jZR stI RZA��s{��I c; P�B8 Y$R�
yP Y� �YBZ�Y� �Y$R bsR ZtPs$� �B Y$8� Y� {BZjI ��`�{� $� stI �s�t tB�Y$t� w�%�t �YBZ�Y
�%��kBt� RZ&��Ru Y� �s�tR tB 8Bt�k stI b� IBt:� ��� s }${�Z�� b� bBZjI j$,� �B BbtD�
qY� jsA �-}��$8�t�R R$8Zjs�� �Y$R R$8}j� �s8�� G$jj ��R}BtI��R }Z� �Y�$� 8Bt�k bY���
�Y��� 8BZ�YR s�� stI ��`�{� B&��R �Ys� R��8 ZtPs$�2 yP RB� b$jj }�B}BR��R st�${$}s�� �Y$R
stI 8s,� Ps$� B&��R� B� R�ZAAB�tjk 8s,� ZtPs$� B&��R2
yt IB9�tR BP �-}��$8�t�R {BtIZ{��I $t R�%��sj I$&���t� {BZt��$�R� _�B}BR��R B&�� c;
B� cx BZ� BP cd( Bt s%��s��� stI B&��R IB tB� %s�k 8Z{Y� !&��R BP c1 B� j�RR s�� ��`�{��I
sABZ� YsjP �Y� �$8�� qY� i�R}BtI��R �Y$t, 8Z{Y j�RR �Yst YsjP $R ZtPs$� stI s�� b$jj$t� �B
��`�{� RZ{Y R8sjj B&��R� �B }Zt$RY �Y� }�B}BR�� bYB A�Ys%�I RB ZtPs$�jk� 3$�Z�� d RYBbR
Is�s P�B8 s R�ZIk Ak <B&8st �� sj wd��MD� qY� -Ts-$R RYBbR �Y� s8BZt� A�$t� B&���I �B
�Y� i�R}BtI��� stI �Y� kTs-$R RYBbR �Y� ��js�$%� P��JZ�t{k BP B&��R BP I$&���t� s8BZt�R�
qY� Is�, }s�� BP �s{Y P��JZ�t{k As� $R �Y� tZ8A�� BP B&��R bY${Y b��� ��`�{��I� �BR�
B&��R s�� {jBR� �B YsjP stI jBb B&��R s�� BP��t ��`�{��I� 3$�Z�� d sjRB RYBbR �Ys� �Y�
Rs8� }s����t BP ��RZj�R B{{Z�R bY�t R�s,�R b��� 8Zj�$}j$�I Ak ��t stI V�$9Bts R�ZI�t�R
As��s$t�I B%�� cd((� wV {BZ}j� BP RZA`�{�R ��`�{��I cn( B&��R�D qY� Rs8� AsR${ ��RZj�
YsR A��t ��}j${s��I b$�Y s c;(( R�s,� wN$R� stI ]Y���k� 1(((D $t 3jB�$Is� stI $t {BZt��$�R
b$�Y jBb I$R}BRsAj� $t{B8�� $t{jZI$t� ytIBt�R$s stI 7jB%�t$s� bY��� 8BI�R� R�s,�R Ak
V8��${st R�stIs�IR s�� R�%��sj b��,R: bs��R�
qY��� s�� 8stk $t���}���s�$BtR BP bYs� {sZR�R ��R}BtI��R �B ��`�{� RZAR�st�$sj RZ8R
wR�� {Ys}��� nD� qY��� $R j$��j� IBZA� �Ys� RB8� }jsk��R I�ht� s Ps$� R}j$� BP cd( sR {jBR�
�B YsjP� stI Ys%� s }��P���t{� PB� A�$t� ���s��I Ps$�jk� 7Z{Y ��`�{�$BtR s�� �%$I�t{� BP
d(WB�� sjRB �Ys� �%��k B&�� $R s XWsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8" B� 8Z�Zsj A�R�T��R}BtR� }s����t A�{sZR� � $R �Y�
B}�$8sj B&�� $P �Y� _�B}BR�� �Y$t,R �Y� i�R}BtI�� b$jj ��`�{� stk B�Y�� B&��� wqY$R A�j$�P 8sk A� b�Bt��
AZ� $P �Y� _�B}BR�� A�j$�%�R $� RY� b$jj t�%�� �s,� st s{�$Bt �Ys� I$R{Bth�8R Y�� A�j$�P� RB �Y� b�Bt�
A�j$�P {st A� }s�� BP s WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8�D
dd
Xt��s�$%� ��{$}�B{$�k"u i�R}BtI��R ��{$}�B{s�� ZtPs$� A�Ys%$B� Ak Ys�8$t� �Y� }��RBt
bYB ���s��I �Y�8 ZtPs$�jk� s� s RZAR�st�$sj {BR� �B �Y�8R�j%�R w}�B%$I�I �Y� ZtPs$� _�BT
}BR�� $R Ys�8�I 8B�� �Yst �Y�k s��D� W��s�$%� ��{$}�B{$�k $R �%$I�t� $t B�Y�� RB{$sj
IB8s$tR� �%�t bY�t 8Bt��s�k R�s,�R s�� Y$�Yu `$j��I ABkP�$�tIR bYB s{{BR� �Y�$� �-�R�
Z�jk I$%B�{�R bY${Y {BR� }�B}j� js��� RZ8R� $8}ZjR$%� R����� {�$8�R {sZR�I Ak s R��st���
sjj���Ijk XI$R��R}�{�$t�" st sRRs$jst�� �Y� Ps$jZ�� BP }s��$�R $t j��sj �tZ$Rst{� {sR�R: �B
��t��B�$s�� sP��� s {BZ�� `ZI�8�t� �%�t bY�t AB�Y {BZjI A�t�h� w3s�tRbB��Y� d���D stI
RB Bt�dd
qY$R �-}jsts�$Bt PB� Zj�$8s�Z8 ��`�{�$BtR A��R �Y� JZ�R�$Bt BP bY��� Ps$�t�RR }��P��T
�t{�R {s8� P�B8� V }B}Zjs� j$t� BP s��Z8�t� $R �Ys� YZ8st �-}��$�t{� $t BZ� st{�R��sj
}sR� {��s��I �%BjZ�$Bts�k sIs}�s�$BtR $t A�s$t 8�{Yst$R8R� B� $t �Y� $t���s{�$Bt BP {B�T
t$�$%� stI �8B�$Btsj RkR��8R� bY${Y {sZR� }�B}j� �B ��� st��k bY�t �Y�k s�� }ZRY�I
s�BZtI� A�{sZR� ����$t� st��k YsI RZ�%$%sj %sjZ� bY�t }�B}j� $t���s{��I b$�Y �Y� Rs8�
}�B}j� $t s R8sjj ��BZ} wR�� 3�st,� d�MMD� V I$&���t� j$t� BP s��Z8�t� $R �Ys� {Zj�Z��R
{��s�� I$&���t� R�stIs�IR BP Ps$�t�RR� }��Ys}R IZ� �B �Y� {jBR�t�RR BP ,$t ��js�$BtR B�
�Y� I����� BP stBtk8BZR 8s�,�� �-{Yst�� b$�Y R��st���R w{B8}s��I �B RYs�$t� s8Bt�
��js�$%�RD� stI �Y�R� {Zj�Z�sj R�stIs�IR s�� ��stR8$���I RB{$sjjk �Y�BZ�Y B�sj ��sI$�$BtR
stI RB{$sj$9s�$Bt BP {Y$jI��t�
i�8s�,sAj� �%$I�t{� PB� �Y� {Zj�Z�sjTR�stIs�IR %$�b {B8�R P�B8 s R�ZIk Ak dd st�Y�BT
}BjB�$R�R bYB {BtIZ{��I Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�R $t }�$8$�$%� {Zj�Z��R $t VP�${s� �Y� V8s9Bt�
_s}Zs W�b pZ$t�s� ytIBt�R$s� stI �Bt�Bj$s wR�� {Ys}��� nD� yt RB8� BP �Y�R� {Zj�Z��R�
}�B}j� I$I tB� �Y$t, �Ys� RYs�$t� Ps$�jk bsR t�{�RRs�k� _�B}BR��R $t �Y�R� {Zj�Z��R BPT
P���I %��k j$��j� w�Y� �JZ$%sj�t� BP cd�x( BZ� BP cd(D stI i�R}BtI��R s{{�}��I %$��Zsjjk
�%��k B&��� y�Bt${sjjk� �Y�R� R$8}j� RB{$��$�R s�� �Y� Btjk ,tBbt }B}Zjs�$BtR bYB A�Ys%�
�-s{�jk sR �s8� �Y�B�k }��I${�R�
WB�� �Ys� ��`�{�$BtR $t Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�R IB tB� t�{�RRs�$jk ��`�{� �Y� R��s���${ }�$tT
{$}j�R ZtI��jk$t� �s8� �Y�B�k� qY� i�R}BtI�� R$8}jk I�{$I�R bY��Y�� RY� bst�R AB�Y
}jsk��R �B ��� tB�Y$t�� B� bst�R �B ��� s R8sjj RYs�� bY�t �Y� _�B}BR�� ���R 8Z{Y 8B���
qY� Ps{� �Ys� s i�R}BtI�� ��`�{�R 8�stR RY� $R tB� 8s-$8$9$t� Y�� Bbt �s�t$t�R� AZ�
$� IB�R tB� 8�st RY� $R tB� {s}sAj� BP R��s���${ �Y$t,$t�� i�{�t� �Y�B�$�R s���8}� �B
dd�k R$R��� F�stt$t� �BjI 8� �Ys� $t V�jst�${ ]$�k �Y� {sR$tBR RB8��$8�R Ys%� }�BAj�8R b$�Y jZ{�s�$%�
XY$�YT�Bjj��" {ZR�B8��R R��sj$t� jZ-Z�$BZR �Bb�jR� �BA�R� stI B�Y�� $��8R P�B8 �Y�$� w{B8}j$8�t�s�kD
YB��j �BB8R sP��� jBR$t� s� �Y� {sR$tBR� yt �Y�$� 8$tIR �Y�R� jBR��R s�� R$8}jk �s,$t� �Y$t�R �Y�k Ys%�
}s$I PB��
d1
�-}js$t ��`�{�$BtR ZR$t� RB{$sj }��P���t{� PZt{�$BtR bY${Y Asjst{� s }��RBt:R I�R$�� �B
Ys%� 8B�� 8Bt�k b$�Y �Y�$� I�R$�� �B ��{$}�B{s�� �YBR� bYB Ys%� ���s��I �Y�8 Ps$�jk B�
ZtPs$�jk� B� �B s{Y$�%� �JZsj$�k� 7Z{Y PZt{�$BtR Ys%� s jBt� }�I$���� w��s{�sAj� s� j�sR�
�B eI��bB��Y $t �Y� dM�(RD� e{BtB8$R�R Ys%� ��R$R��I �Y�8 A�{sZR� $� R��8R �B A� �BB
�sRk �B $t��BIZ{� s t�b Ps{�B� $t �Y� Z�$j$�k PZt{�$Bt PB� �s{Y �s8�� Z� �Y� t�b �Y�B�$�R
R��$%� �B �-}js$t ��RZj�R $t I$&���t� �s8�R b$�Y s R$t�j� PZt{�$Bt� <s%$t� s jB� BP Is�s
P�B8 I$&���t� �s8�R �B bB�, b$�Y 8s,�R �Y$R �t���}�$R� }BRR$Aj�� stI $8}BR�R I$R{$}j$t��
qY� t�b �Y�B�$�R 8s,� RZ�}�$R$t� t�b }��I${�$BtR� 3B� �-s8}j�� bY�t �Y��� s�� �bB
B� 8B�� _�B}BR��R� �Y��� $R tB bsk PB� stk Bt� BP �Y�8 �B R$t�j�YstI�Ijk �s�t 8B��
8Bt�k stI j$8$� $t�JZsj$�k� VR s ��RZj� RB8� �Y�B�$�R }��I${� �Ys� AB�Y _�B}BR��R B&��
sj8BR� �%��k�Y$t� �B �Y� i�R}BtI�� �%�t �YBZ�Y �Y�k IB {s�� sABZ� �JZsj$�k� wyP �Y���
YsI A��t �bB }YB�B��s}Y��R Bt �Ys� Is8t ABs�� b� bBZjI Ys%� �B���t BZ� }${�Z�� PB�
cd�D
W�b RB{$sj }��P���t{� �Y�B�$�R RYBZjI }�B%� ZR�PZj $t stsjk9$t� As��s$t$t�� �s- }Bj${k�
�Y� R��Bt� ��tI�t{k BP ��tst� Ps�8��R �B RYs�� {�B} �s�t$t�R �JZsjjk b$�Y jstIBbt��R
wOBZt�� d�--D� bs��TR���$t� w}s��${Zjs�jk �Y� ��jZ{�st{� BP h�8R �B {Z� bs��R $t Ys�I
�$8�R� bY${Y $R }Z99j$t� �B �{BtB8$R�R bYB sRRZ8� {Yst��R $t �Y� }�${� BP jsAB� b$jj
�JZsj$9� RZ}}jk stI I�8stI� stI B�Y�� }Y�tB8�ts�
1�1 e-s8}j� 1U _s�YTI�}�tI�t� {BB�I$ts�$Bt $t X]Bt�$t�t�sj
I$%$I�" �s8�R
yt {BB�I$ts�$Bt �s8�R� }jsk��R bst� �B {BtPB�8 �B bYs� B�Y��R IB wsj�YBZ�Y �Y�k 8sk
Ys%� I$&���t� $I�sR sABZ� bY${Y {BtPB�8$R� {Bt%�t�$Bt $R A�R�D� 3B� �-s8}j�� $t ]sj$T
PB�t$s �Y��� $R st Bt�B$t� R��Z��j� B%�� �Y� }YkR${sj jB{s�$Bt BP �Y� Xt�b 8�I$s" h�8R�
RZ{Y sR $t���t�� }�B%$R$Bt BP hj8 stI �t����s$t8�t�� W�b 8�I$s }�B}j� {BZjI ��s%$�s��
�Bbs�I 7$j${Bt zsjj�k� bY��� b�A ���,R {Bt����s��� B� �Bbs�I <BjjkbBBI stI 7BZ�Y��t
]sj$PB�t$s� bY��� 8stk 8B%$�R stI qz RYBbR s�� }�BIZ{�I� GY${Y ��B��s}Y${sj ���$Bt
$R �Y� A����� jB{s�$Bt I�}�tIR Bt bY��Y�� kBZ �Y$t, �Y� jB{s�$Bt BP $t���t�� h�8R $R
{�t��sj� stI X{Bt��t�" }�BIZ{��R RYBZjI PBjjBb �Y�8� B� bY��Y�� �Y� $t���t�� $R 8���jk
s I$R��$AZ�$Bt {Ystt�j stI {Bt��t� }�B%$I��R s�� ,$t��d1
d1!P {BZ�R�� �Y$R �-s8}j� $R ZtI��8$t�I Ak �Y� Ps{� �Ys� {kA��R}s{� $R �%��kbY��� stI tBbY���� RB
{Bt��t� }�B%$I��R 8$�Y� A� sAj� �B R�sk }Z� $t �Y� Rbst, <BjjkbBBI <$jjR stI R�$jj IB AZR$t�RR X$t"
dn
qY$R �{BtB8${ �Z�TBPTbs� {st A� 8BI�jj�I Ak s �s8� $t bY${Y }jsk��R {YBBR� s
jB{s�$Bt� stI �Y�$� �s�t$t�R I�}�tI Bt �Y� jB{s�$Bt �Y�k {YBR�� stI �Y� jB{s�$Bt 8BR�
B�Y�� }�B}j� {YBBR�� V �s8� b$�Y �Y$R 4s%B� YsR A��t R�ZI$�I Ak zst <Zk{,� s��sj$B stI
]BB, wd���D� qsAj� d RYBbR �Y� }skB&R w$t }�tt$�RD� yt �Y$R �s8�� }jsk��R }${, tZ8A��R
P�B8 d �B d; w�Y$t, BP �Y� tZ8A��R sR {B���R}BtI$t� �B }YkR${sj jB{s�$BtRu jBb tZ8A��R
s�� <BjjkbBBI stI Y$�Y tZ8A��R s�� 7$j${Bt zsjj�kD� qY� 8s��$- $t qsAj� d RYBbR �Y�
�Bb }jsk��:R }skB& P�B8 {YBBR$t� s tZ8A�� bY�t �Y� 8�I$st tZ8A�� �%��kBt� $t s ��BZ}
}${,Ru �Y� 8$IIj� tZ8A��u $R �Y� tZ8A�� $t �Y� I$&���t� {BjZ8tR� yP kBZ {YBBR� ;� PB�
�-s8}j� stI �Y� 8�I$st $R x� kBZ �s�t s Y�sj�Yk }skB& BP �d� AZ� $P �Y� 8�I$st $R d1
kBZ �s�t Td; wAst,�Z}�{k�D� qY� AsR${ }skB& R��Z{�Z�� $8}j$�R kBZ RYBZjI }${, s jBb
tZ8A�� $P kBZ �Y$t, 8BR� B�Y��R b$jj }${, jBb tZ8A��R� stI }${, s Y$�Y tZ8A�� $P kBZ
�Y$t, 8BR� b$jj }${, Y$�Y tZ8A��R� yP kBZ s��t:� RZ�� bYs� B�Y��R b$jj IB� }${, s tZ8A��
j$,� E bY${Y �$%�R }skB&R �st�$t� P�B8 1n �B M1 wY�I�$t� kBZ� A��D�
yt �Y� �-}��$8�t�R� }jsk��R s�� B��st$9�I $t�B R�%�tT}��RBt ��BZ}R� qY� ��BZ}R }jsk
�B���Y�� dx �$8�R� VP��� �s{Y ��$sj kBZ j�s�t bYs� �Y� 8�I$st bsR� {B8}Z�� kBZ� �s�t$t�R
P�B8 �Ys� ��$sj wI�}�tI$t� Bt kBZ� Bbt {YB${�� stI �Y� 8�I$stD� stI }jsk s�s$t� 7$t{�
�Y� �s8� $R {B8}j${s��I� �Y$t, PB� s 8$tZ�� sABZ� bYs� kBZ bBZjI s{�Zsjjk IB� stI bYs�
8$�Y� Ys}}�t B%�� �Y� {BZ�R� BP }jsk$t� dx �$8�R�
qY� }skB&R Ys%� �Y� }�B}���k �Ys� $P s }jsk�� �Z�RR�R �Ys� �Y� 8�I$st tZ8A�� Rj$�Y�jk
A�jBb �� Y�� A�R�T��R}BtR� �B �Ys� �Z�RR $R �B {YBBR� s tZ8A�� R8sjj�� �Yst �Y� �Z�RR
$�R�jP� 3B� �-s8}j�� $P kBZ �Y$t, �Y� 8�I$st b$jj A� �� kBZ� A�R� ��R}BtR� $R x� bY${Y
�s�tR Mn {�t�R� qYZR� $P 8�I$stR s�� $t$�$sjjk jBb� ��R}BtI$t� �B jBb 8�I$stR b$jj I�$%�
tZ8A��R jBb�� Zt�$j �Y�k ��s{Y n� qY��� $R st �JZ$j$A�$Z8 B� 8Z�Zsj A�R�T��R}BtR� }B$t�
A�{sZR� $P �%��kBt� {YBBR�R n� �Y� 8�I$st b$jj A� n stI kBZ� A�R� ��R}BtR� �B s 8�I$st
BP n $R �B {YBBR� n� yP }jsk��R b��� �B ��s{Y �Y$R }B$t�� tBABIk {BZjI }�Bh� Ak 8B%$t�
sbsk� wqY� }skB& P�B8 �Y$R �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R RYBbt $t $�sj${R $t qsAj� d�D
Z� �Y��� $R stB�Y�� WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8� yP }jsk��R �Z�RR �Ys� �Y� 8�I$st b$jj A� M B�
sAB%�� �Y�k RYBZjI {YBBR� tZ8A��R bY${Y s�� Y$�Y�� �Yst �Y�$� �Z�RR�R� Zt�$j �Y�k ��s{Y
d1� qb�j%� $R sjRB s WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 A�{sZR� {YBBR$t� d1 �$%�R �Y� Y$�Y�R� }skB& $P �Y�
8�I$st $R d1�
qY$R $R s {BB�I$ts�$Bt �s8� A�{sZR� �Y��� s�� �bB WsRY �JZ$j$A�$s $t bY${Y �%��kABIk
{YBBR�R �Y� Rs8� R��s���k� ps8� �Y�B�$R�R Ys%� R��Z��j�I PB� 8stk I�{sI�R �B h�Z�� BZ�
7$j${Bt zsjj�k b$�YBZ� 8B%$t��
d;
qsAj� dU _skB&R $t �{Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I�: �-}��$8�t�� z<] w$t }��RRD
��I$st ]YB${�
{YB${� d 1 n ; x E � M � d( dd d1 dn d;
d ;x ;� x1 xx xE xx ;E Tx� TMM Td(x Tdd� Td1� Tdnx Td;1
1 ;M xn xM E1 Ex EE Ed T1� Tx1 TE� T�� TME T�1 T�M
n ;M x; E( EE �( �; �1 d T1( Tn1 T;d T;M Txn TxM
; ;n xd xM Ex �d �� M( 1E M T1 T� Td; Td� T11
x nx ;; x1 E( E� �� Mn ;E n1 1x d� dx d1 d(
E 1n nn ;1 x1 E1 �1 M1 E1 xn ;� ;n ;d n� nM
� � dM 1M ;( xd E; �M �x E� EE E; En E1 E1
M Tdn Td dd 1n n� xd E� Mn Md M( M( M( Md M1
� Tn� T1; Tdd n dM nx x� MM M� �d �1 �; �E �M
d( TEx Txd Tn� T1d T; dx ;( M� �; �M d(d d(; d(� dd(
dd T�� TM1 TEE T;� Tnd T� 1( Mx �; d(( d(x dd( dd; dd�
d1 Tdnn Tdd� Td(( TM1 TEd Tn� Tx �M �d �� d(E dd1 ddM d1n
dn Td�n TdxE Tdn� TddM T�E TE� Tnn E� Mn �; d(n dd( dd� d1n
d; T1d� Td�M Td�� TdxM Tdn; Td(x TEx x1 �1 Mx �x d(; dd1 d1(
dx
bY${Y BP 8stk �JZ$j$A�$s b$jj ��RZj� $P �Y��� s�� 8B�� �Yst Bt��
qY$R }s��${Zjs� �s8� $jjZR��s��R }�B{�RR�R $t ts�Z�� stI RB{$sj RkR��8R $t bY${Y R8sjj
Y$R�B�${sj s{{$I�t�R Ys%� s A$� jBt�T�Zt $8}s{�� V Ps8BZR �-s8}j� $R bYs� {YsBR �Y�B�$R�R
{sjj �Y� XNB��t9 �&�{�"U 7$t{� b�s�Y�� $R s {B8}j�- Ikts8${ RkR��8� �Y� 8B%�8�t� BP s
AZ����4k $t ]Y$ts {st R�� $t 8B�$Bt s {B8}j${s��I 8���B�BjB�${sj }�B{�RR bY${Y {��s��R s
R�B�8 $t Bj$%$s� yP �Ys� AZ����4k YsI `ZR� Rs� R�$jj �Y� Bj$%$stR bBZjI A� I�k� VtB�Y��
�-s8}j� $R bYs� RB{$sj �Y�B�$R�R {sjj �Y� XA�B,�t b$tIBb �&�{�"� Vt�{IB�sj �%$I�t{�
RZ���R�R �Ys� bY�t �Y��� $R s R$t�j� A�B,�t b$tIBb $t s {B88Zt$�k� t�$�YAB�R P��j j�RR
BAj$�s�$Bt �B ,��} �Y�$� ks�IR {j�st� ��}js{� �Y�$� Bbt A�B,�t b$tIBbR� stI }Z� P��RY
}s$t� Bt �Y�$� YBZR�R� 7$t{� {�$8$tsjR bst� �B {B88$� {�$8�R $t {B88Zt$�$�R bY���
t�$�YAB�R s��t:� bs�{YPZj stI B�Y�� {�$8$tsjR s�� jZ�,$t� wRB �Y� {B}R s�� AZRkD� s R$t�j�
A�B,�t b$tIBb {st j�sI �B s R}$�sjj$t� }�B{�RR BP RB{$sj A��s,IBbt� _Bj${k8s,��R jB%� �Y�
A�B,�t b$tIBb �Y�B�k A�{sZR� $� RZ���R�R st �sRk h- �B }�BAj�8R B� Z�Ast I�{sku ��}s$�
�%��k b$tIBb A�PB�� �Y� �&�{� BP s P�b A�B,�t Bt�R R}��sIR �Y�BZ�YBZ� �Y� {B88Zt$�k
j$,� s %$�ZR�
y {sjj �Y� �s8� $t qsAj� d �Y� X{Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I�" �s8�� qY� {Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I� $R
s ��B��s}Y${ j$t� bY${Y I$%$I�R �YBR� }s��R BP WB��Y V8��${s $t bY${Y bs��� b$jj 4Bb
$t Bt� I$��{�$Bt P�B8 �Y� }s��R $t bY${Y bs��� 4BbR $t �Y� B}}BR$�� I$��{�$Bt� yP kBZ
R�stI Bt �Y� {Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I� $t VjsR,s� stI }BZ� bs��� P�B8 s {st���t sR y Bt{� I$I�
RB8� I�B}R b$jj 4Bb tB��Y �B �Y� V�{�${ !{�st stI B�Y��R 4Bb �B �Y� _s{$h{ !{�st�
qbB I�B}R BP bs��� bY${Y R�s�� BZ� $tht$��R$8sjjk {jBR� �B���Y�� $t �Y� {st���t �tI Z}
s �YBZRstI 8$j�R s}s���
qY� �s8� $R {sjj�I �Y� {Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I� �s8� A�{sZR� 8�I$stR A�jBb � s�� s XAsR$t
BP s���s{�$Bt" w$t �%BjZ�$Bts�k �s8� �Y�B�k ���8RD PB� {Bt%����t{� �Bbs�I �Y� �JZ$j$AT
�$Z8 s� n� ��I$stR sAB%� M s�� s AsR$t BP s���s{�$Bt PB� {Bt%����t{� �Bbs�I d1� qY�
XR�}s�s��$-" A��b��t � stI M I$%$I�R �Y� �s8� $t�B ���$BtR bY��� }jsk��R b$jj X4Bb"
�Bbs�I n stI }jsk��R b$jj 4Bb �Bbs�I d1�
GY${Y �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R ��s{Y�I YsR $8}B��st� �{BtB8${ {BtR�JZ�t{�R� qY� d1 �JZ$j$AT
�$Z8 }skR cd�d1 PB� �s{Y }jsk�� AZ� �Y� n �JZ$j$A�$Z8 }skR Btjk c�E(� !t �Y$R AsR$R sjBt��
kBZ 8$�Y� �Z�RR �Ys� }jsk��R bBZjI {YBBR� Y$�Y�� tZ8A��R $t �Y� YB}�R BP ��s{Y$t� �Y�
8B�� }�Bh�sAj� �JZ$j$A�$Z8� �PB�� �jst{$t� sY�sI� sR, kBZ�R�jP s�s$t bYs� kBZ �Y$t,
b$jj Ys}}�t� yP kBZ Ys%� R�ZI$�I s jB� BP �s8� �Y�B�k� stI R�$jj s��t:� RZ�� bYs� �B �-}�{��
stI kBZ� {Z�$BR$�k sABZ� bYs� }�B}j� s{�Zsjjk IB RYBZjI A� }$JZ�I�
dE
3$�Z�� 1U ��I$st {YB${�R $t �{Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I�: �s8�� z<] w$t }��RRD
2 4 6 8 10 12 14Period
2
4
6
8
10
12
14Median
3$�Z�� 1 RYBbR bYs� Ys}}�t�I $t ��t �-}��$8�t�sj ��BZ}R� 3$%� ��BZ}R R�s���I s�
s 8�I$st s� � B� A�jBb� sjj BP �Y�8 4Bb�I �Bbs�I �Y� jBbT}skB& �JZ$j$A�$Z8 s� n� qY�
B�Y�� h%� ��BZ}R R�s���I s� M B� sAB%� stI 4Bb�I �B �Y� Y$�YT}skB& �JZ$j$A�$Z8�
qY� �-}��$8�t� YsR �bB $8}B��st� htI$t�R� 3$�R�� }�B}j� IB tB� sjbskR ��s%$�s��
�Bbs�I �Y� Y$�YT}skB& �JZ$j$A�$Z8 �%�t �YBZ�Y }jsk��R bYB �tI Z} s� jBb tZ8A��R �s�t
YsjP sR 8Z{Y� wGY��Y�� �Y�k bBZjI $P �Y�k {BZjI }jsk s�s$t� B� I$R{ZRR�I �Y� �s8�
$t sI%st{�� $R st $t����R�$t� B}�t JZ�R�$Bt�D 7�{BtI� �Y� {Z���t� BP Y$R�B�k s�� R��Bt��
{��s�$t� X�-���8� R�tR$�$%$�k �B $t$�$sj {BtI$�$BtR"� _jsk��R bYB htI �Y�8R�j%�R $t s
��BZ} b$�Y �bB B� �Y��� B�Y��R bYB �Y$t, � $R �Y�$� jZ{,k tZ8A��� stI {YBBR� $� $t �Y�
h�R� }��$BI� �tI Z} RZ{,�I $t�B s bY$�j}BBj j�sI$t� �B 8�sRjk c�E( �s�t$t�R� _jsk��R $t
s ��BZ} bYBR� 8�I$st $R M B� Y$�Y�� �tI Z} �s�t$t� sj8BR� �b${� sR 8Z{Y� !t� B� �bB
]Y$t�R� RZA`�{�R {YBBR$t� Mu s jZ{,k tZ8A�� PB� ]Y$t�R�u {BZjI A�$t� �BBI PB��Zt� �B
�%��kBt�� `ZR� sR �Y� AZ����4k A�BZ�Y� �s$t Bt �Y� Bj$%$stR�
WB {Bt{�}� $t stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k ��s{�PZjjk s{{BZt�R PB� �Y� Ps{� �Ys� RB8� ��BZ}R
4Bb �B n stI �s�t j�RR� bY$j� B�Y��R 4Bb �B d1 stI �s�t 8B��� ytI��I� �Y� }�BAj�8 BP
}��I${�$t� bY${Y BP 8stk �JZ$j$A�$s b$jj ��RZj� $t �s8�R j$,� �Y�R� 8sk A� $tY���t�jk
ZtRBj%sAj� Ak }Z�� ��sRBt$t�� 7B{$sj {Bt%�t�$BtR� {B88Zt${s�$Bt� RZA�j� P�s�Z��R BP �Y�
I$R}jsk BP �Y� �s8�� stsjB�$�R }jsk��R I�sb �B �-}��$�t{�R �Y�k Ys%� YsI� stI YB8�R}Zt
$I�sR sABZ� jZ{,k tZ8A��R {BZjI sjj $t4Z�t{� bY${Y �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R ��s{Y�I� VR 7{Y�jj$t�
wd�E(D b�B��� }��I${�$t� bYs� }jsk��R b$jj IB $t �Y�R� �s8�R Ak }Z�� �Y�B�k $R j$,� ��k$t�
�B }�B%� �Ys� s `B,� $R PZttk b$�YBZ� ��jj$t� $��
d�
1�n e-s8}j� nU X �sZ�k {Bt��R�R" stI $���s��I IB8$tst{�
yt ��kt�R:R wd�nED Ps8BZR ABB, p�t��sj qY�B�k BP e8}jBk8�t�� yt����R�� stI �Bt�k�
Y� I�sbR st stsjB�k A��b��t �Y� R�B{, 8s�,�� stI s t�bR}s}�� {Bt��R� $t bY${Y }�B}j�
�Z�RR bYs� Ps{�R B�Y��R b$jj �Z�RR s�� 8BR� A�sZ�$PZjU
y� $R tB� s {sR� BP {YBBR$t� �YBR� bY${Y� �B �Y� A�R� BP Bt�:R `ZI�8�t�� s��
��sjjk �Y� }����$�R�� tB� �%�t �YBR� bY${Y s%��s�� B}$t$Bt ��tZ$t�jk �Y$t,R �Y�
}����$�R�� G� Ys%� ��s{Y�I �Y� �Y$�I I������ bY��� b� I�%B�� BZ� $t��jj$��t{�R
�B st�${$}s�$t� bYs� s%��s�� B}$t$Bt �-}�{�R �Y� s%��s�� B}$t$Bt �B A�� VtI
�Y��� s�� RB8�� y A�j$�%�� bYB }�s{�$R� �Y� PBZ��Y� hP�Y� stI Y$�Y�� I�����R
w}� dxED�
qY$R JZB�� $R }��Ys}R tB 8B�� s}� �Yst $t �Y� k�s� 1((d wbY�t y b�B�� �Y$RD� `ZR� sP���
}�${�R BP V8��${st $t���t�� R�B{,R RBs��I �B ZtA�j$�%sAj� Y�$�Y�R $t �Y� js���R� R}�{Zjs�$%�
AZAAj� $t Y$R�B�k� wV� Bt� }B$t�� �Y� 8s�,�� %sjZs�$Bt BP �Y� �T�s$j�� ABB,R�jj�� V8s9Bt�
bY${Y YsI t�%�� ��}B���I s }�Bh�� bsR bB��Y 8B�� �Yst sjj B�Y�� V8��${st ABB,R�jj��R
{B8A$t�I�D
V R$8}j� �s8� bY${Y {s}�Z��R �Y� ��sRBt$t� ��kt�R YsI $t 8$tI $R {sjj�I �Y� XA�sZ�k
{Bt��R�" �s8� wR�� Ws��j� d��x stI <B� G�$��j�� stI 8kR�jP� d��MD� yt s �k}${sj A�sZ�k
{Bt��R� �s8�� �s{Y BP W }jsk��R R$8Zj�st�BZRjk {YBBR�R s tZ8A�� ?7 $t �Y� $t���%sj >(�d((H�
qs,� st s%��s�� BP �Y� tZ8A��R stI 8Zj�$}jk Ak s 8Zj�$}j� � c d wRsk })��D� qY� }jsk��
bYBR� tZ8A�� $R {jBR�R� �B �Y$R �s���� w�(0 BP �Y� s%��s��D b$tR s h-�I }�$9�� �PB��
}�B{��I$t�� �Y$t, sABZ� bYs� tZ8A�� kBZ bBZjI }${,�
qY� A�sZ�k {Bt��R� �s8� {st A� ZR�I �B I$R�$t�Z$RY bY��Y�� }�B}j� X}�s{�$R� �Y�
PBZ��Y� hP�Y� stI Y$�Y�� I�����R" BP ��sRBt$t� sR ��kt�R bBtI���I� <���:R YBbU �BR�
}jsk��R R�s�� Ak �Y$t,$t�� X7Z}}BR� �Y� s%��s�� $R x("� qY�t kBZ RYBZjI {YBBR� nx� �B
A� {jBR�R� �B �Y� �s���� BP �(0 BP �Y� s%��s�� stI b$t� Z� $P kBZ �Y$t, sjj }jsk��R b$jj
�Y$t, �Y$R bsk �Y� s%��s�� b$jj A� nx� RB s RY��bI }jsk�� j$,� kBZ�R�jP w�Y$t,$t� Bt� R��}
sY�sID RYBZjI {YBBR� �(0 BP nx� s�BZtI 1x� Z� $P kBZ �Y$t, sjj }jsk��R �Y$t, �Ys� bsk
kBZ RYBZjI {YBBR� �(0 BP 1x� B� dM�
yt stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k� }jsk��R IB tB� R�B} �Y$R $���s��I ��sRBt$t� Zt�$j �Y�k ��s{Y
s A�R�T��R}BtR� }B$t�� Z� R$t{� sjj }jsk��R bst� �B {YBBR� �(0 BP �Y� s%��s��� $P �Y�k
dM
sjj {YBBR� �Y� Rs8� tZ8A�� $� 8ZR� A� 9��B� wqYs� $R� kBZ RBj%� �Y� �JZs�$Bt ? ) 3�?
kBZ:%� PBZtI �Y� Zt$JZ� WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8�D
qY� A�sZ�k {Bt��R� �s8� }�B%$I�R s �BZ�Y 8�sRZ�� BP �Y� tZ8A�� BP R��}R BP R��s���${
�Y$t,$t� �Ys� RZA`�{�R s�� IB$t�� y� $R {sjj�I s XIB8$tst{�TRBj%sAj� �s8�" A�{sZR� $� {st
A� XRBj%�I"u $���� st �JZ$j$A�$Z8 {st A� {B8}Z��Iu Ak $���s��I s}}j${s�$Bt BP IB8$tst{��
V IB8$ts��I R��s���k $R Bt� bY${Y k$�jIR s jBb�� }skB& �Yst stB�Y�� wIB8$tst�D R��s���k�
���s�Ij�RR BP bYs� B�Y�� }jsk��R IB� ]YBBR$t� s tZ8A�� sAB%� �( $R s IB8$ts��I R��s���k
A�{sZR� �Y� Y$�Y�R� }BRR$Aj� %sjZ� BP �Y� �s���� tZ8A�� $R �( RB kBZ {st sjbskR IB A�����
Ak {YBBR$t� s tZ8A�� jBb�� �Yst �(� Z� $P tBABIk %$Bjs��R IB8$tst{� Ak {YBBR$t�
sAB%� �(� �Y�t �Y� Y$�Y�R� �Y� �s���� {st A� $R �(0 BP �(� B� ;�� RB {YBBR$t� ;�T�( $R
IB8$ts��I $P kBZ �Y$t, B�Y��R BA�k Bt� R��} BP IB8$tst{�� *�j��$t� IB8$ts��I R��s���$�R
$���s�$%�jk j�sIR kBZ �B 9��B�
�stk $t����R�$t� �s8�R s�� IB8$tst{�TRBj%sAj�� V Ps8$j$s� �-s8}j� $t �{BtB8${R $R
]BZ�tB� IZB}BjkU qbB h�8R �s{Y {YBBR� JZst�$�$�R BP R$8$js� }�BIZ{�R �B 8s,�� 7$t{�
�Y�$� }�BIZ{�R s�� �Y� Rs8�� �Y� 8s�,�� }�${� $R I����8$t�I Ak �Y� �B�sj JZst�$�k �Y�k
8s,� wstI Ak {BtRZ8�� I�8stID� y� $R �sRk �B RYBb �Ys� �Y��� s�� JZst�$�$�R RB Y$�Y
�Ys� h�8R b$jj jBR� 8Bt�k A�{sZR� 4BBI$t� �Y� 8s�,�� b$�Y RB 8Z{Y RZ}}jk b$jj I�$%�
}�${�R �BB jBb �B {B%�� h-�I {BR�RD� yP kBZ sRRZ8� kBZ� �$%sjR bBt:� }�BIZ{� �Ys� 8Z{Y�
�Y�t RB8�bYs� jBb�� JZst�$�$�R s�� AsI wIB8$ts��ID {YB${�R PB� kBZ� V}}jk$t� �Y$R jB�${
$���s�$%�jk j�sIR �B s }��{$R� RBjZ�$Bt�
yt }�s{�${�� $� $R Ztj$,�jk �Ys� }�B}j� }��PB�8 8B�� �Yst s {BZ}j� BP R��}R BP $���s��I
�Y$t,$t� A�{sZR� $� R��s$tR �Y� j$8$�R BP bB�,$t� 8�8B�k w$���� �Y� s8BZt� BP $tPB�8s�$Bt
}�B}j� {st ,��} s{�$%� $t �Y�$� 8$tI s� Bt� �$8�D� ]BtR$I�� �8A�II�I R�t��t{�R j$,�
X��%$t:R IB� A$� *s%$I:R 8s$j8st bYBR� R$R���:R ABkP�$�tI �s%� �Y� IB� �B Y$8�" GYB:R
�Y� XY$8" ��P����I �B s� �Y� �tI BP �Y� R�t��t{�2 k �Y� �$8� kBZ ��� �B �Y� �tI 8stk
}�B}j� Ys%� PB��B���t bYB Bbt�I �Y� IB� A�{sZR� bB�,$t� 8�8B�k Btjk YsR RB 8Z{Y
R}s{��dn e8A�II�I R�t��t{�R s�� I$^{Zj� �B ZtI��R�stI� *B8$tst{�TRBj%sAj� �s8�R s��
R$8$js� $t 8�t�sj {B8}j�-$�k�
y���s��I ��sRBt$t� sjRB ��JZ$��R kBZ �B A�j$�%� �Ys� B�Y��R s�� �Y$t,$t� Ys�I� stI
�Y$t,$t� �Ys� kBZ s�� �Y$t,$t� Ys�I� GY�t y }jsk�I �Y$R �s8� s� s ]sj��{Y ABs�I BP
��ZR���R 8���$t�� s %��k {j�%�� ABs�I 8�8A�� ws b�jjT,tBbt _Y�*� $t htst{�D {YBR�
dn7��$t� �Y� R�t��t{� Bt �Y� b�$���t }s�� 8s,�R $� �sR$��� ��k ��sI$t� $� sjBZI �B RB8�ABIk bYB 8ZR�
��8�8A�� �Y� bB�IR stI {sttB� ��P�� As{, �B �Y�8�
d�
dM�d� Ns��� Y� �-}js$t�I Y$R {YB${�U <� ,t�b �Y� WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 bsR (� AZ� h�Z��I �Y�
s%��s�� ]sj��{Y ABs�I 8�8A�� bsR {j�%�� �tBZ�Y �B IB �bB R��}R BP ��sRBt$t� stI }${,
1x� qY�t bYk tB� }${, d��x wbY${Y $R �(0 BP 1xD2 <� sII�I �E RB Y� bBZjIt:� �$� b$�Y
}�B}j� bYB }${,�I d��x B� dM� stI A�{sZR� Y� �Z�RR�I �Ys� s P�b }�B}j� bBZjI }${, Y$�Y
tZ8A��R bY${Y bBZjI }ZRY �Y� s%��s�� Z}� WBb �Ys�:R �BBI A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k�
w<� I$It:� b$t� AZ� bsR {jBR��D
GYs� Ys}}�tR $t A�sZ�k {Bt��R� �s8�R2 3$�Z�� n RYBbR {YB${�R $t A�sZ�k {Bt��R�R
b$�Y })��� b$�Y P��IAs{, sABZ� �Y� s%��s�� �$%�t �B RZA`�{�R sP��� �s{Y BP d( �BZtIR
wP�B8 <B� G�$��j� m ]s8����� d��MD� s�R RYBb �Y� ��js�$%� P��JZ�t{k BP {YB${�R $t
I$&���t� tZ8A�� $t���%sjR wBt �Y� R$I�D s{�BRR ��t �BZtIR w$t P�Bt�D� qY� h�R� Y$R�B��s8
RYBbR ��RZj�R P�B8 �s8�R b$�Y jBbTR�s,�R ws c� }�$9� }�� }��$BI PB� R�%�tT}��RBt ��BZ}RD
stI Y$�YTR�s,�R wc1MD }skB&R�
3$�R�T�BZtI {YB${�R s�� s�BZtI 1dT;(� V {s��PZj R�s�$R�${sj stsjkR$R $tI${s��I �Ys�
�Y� 8�I$st RZA`�{� ZR�R Bt� B� �bB R��}R BP $���s��I IB8$tst{�� qYs� $R� 8BR� RZA`�{�R
�BZ�Yjk �Z�RR �Ys� �Y� s%��s�� b$jj A� x(� stI {YBBR� nx� B� �Z�RR �Ys� B�Y��R b$jj {YBBR�
nx stI {YBBR� 1x� z��k P�b RZA`�{�R {YBR� �Y� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 BP 9��B $t �Y� h�R� �BZtI� yt
Ps{�� �Y�k RYBZjI tB� {YBBR� 9��B� qY� �Bsj $R �B A� Bt� R��} sY�sI BP �Y� s%��s��� AZ�
tB PZ��Y�� stI {YBBR$t� 9��B $R A�$t� �BB R8s�� PB� kBZ� Bbt �BBI�
GY$j� �Y� �s8�T�Y�B���${ �JZ$j$A�$Z8 BP 9��B $R s }BB� �Z�RR sABZ� $t$�$sj {YB${�R�
}jsk��R s�� $t�-B�sAjk I�sbt �Bbs�I 9��B sR �Y�k j�s�t� �Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k ZR�R
s {Bt{�}� BP j$8$��I $���s��I ��sRBt$t� �B ZtI��R�stI $t$�$sj {YB${�R� stI s �Y�B�k BP
j�s�t$t� �B �-}js$t 8B%�8�t� s{�BRR �BZtIR�
qY� A�sZ�k {Bt��R� YsR A��t ��}j${s��I $t IB9�tR BP RZA`�{� }BBjR wR�� {Ys}��� E PB�
I��s$jRD� $t{jZI$t� ]sj��{Y ZtI����sIZs��R�d;� ��ZR���R Bt �Y� ]sj��{Y ABs�I w$t{jZI$t�
s RZARs8}j� BP {B�}B�s�� ]e!RD� �{BtB8${R _Y*R stI �s8� �Y�B�$R�R� stI ��sI��R BP
AZR$t�RR t�bR}s}��R w�Y� 3$tst{$sj q$8�R $t =�� 7}�,��Z8 $t p��8stk� stI e-}stR$Bt
$t 7}s$tD� qY� ��RZj�R $t sjj �Y�R� ��BZ}R s�� %��k R$8$js�U _jsk��R ZR� (Tn j�%�jR BP
��sRBt$t�� stI P�b RZA`�{�R {YBBR� �Y� WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 BP 9��B� ]B8}s�$t� �Y� �bB
3$�Z��R sAB%� RYBbR �Ys� $t{��sR$t� �Y� }�$9� Ak s Ps{�B� BP PBZ�� j�sI$t� �B s%��s��
d;]sj��{Y R�ZI�t�R s�� s ZR�PZj RZA`�{� }BBj A�{sZR� �Y�k s�� �-��sB�I$ts�$jk stsjk�${sjjk R,$jj�I� yt
8stk k�s�R� �Y� $t{B8$t� h�R�Tk�s� {jsRR YsR s 8�I$st 8s�Y 7Vq R{B�� BP M((� i�{�t�jk� �Y� s%��s��
��R� R{B��R BP �Y� s}}j${st�R s�� Y$�Y�� �Yst �Y� s%��s�� BP �YBR� R�ZI�t�R bYB s�� s{{�}��I s� <s�%s�I�
7�ZIk$t� YBb �Y�R� R�ZI�t�R }jsk R$8}j� �R�sAj$RY�R bY��Y�� %��k stsjk�${sj R�ZI�t�R {st h�Z�� �Y�
�s8�R BZ�� p�t��sjjk �Y�k IB tB� }jsk 8Z{Y I$&���t�jk �Yst R�ZI�t�R s� B�Y�� {Bjj���R�
1(
3$�Z�� nU ]Bt%����t{� $t jBb stI Y$�YTR�s,�R A�sZ�k {Bt��R�R w]s8����� <B stI G�$��j��
d��MD
12
34
56
78
910
Period
<11-10
11-2021-30
31-4041-50
51-6061-70
71-8081-90
91-100
Choice
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
12
34
56
78
910
Period
20
4
6
12
34
56
78
910
Period
<11-10
11-2021-30
31-4041-50
51-6061-70
71-8081-90
91-100
Choice
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
12
34
56
78
910
Period
20
4
6
1d
�s�t$t�R BP c;( PB� s ;xT8$tZ�� �-}��$8�t�� YsR Btjk s R8sjj �&�{�� wyt �Y� Y$�YTR�s,�R
{BtI$�$Bt �Y��� s�� 8B�� jBb tZ8A�� {YB${�R $t }��$BIR xTd(D�
qY� j$8$��I $���s��I ��sRBt$t� 8�sRZ��I $t �Y�R� �s8�R }�B%$I�R Bt� �-}jsts�$Bt PB�
}��R$R��t{� BP }Y�tB8�ts j$,� �Y� R�B{, }�${� AZAAj�R ��kt�R YsI $t 8$tI� e%�t $P sjj
$t%�R�B�R PB��R�� s {�sRY� �Y�k IB tB� XAs{,bs�I $tIZ{�" sjj �Y� bsk �B �Y� }��R�t�� qY�k
�Z�RR �Ys� B�Y��R b$jj R�jj s {BZ}j� BP R��}R A�PB�� �Y� {�sRY� stI }jst �B R�jj `ZR� A�PB��
�Ys� �-BIZR� qY$R ��sRBt$t� }�B{�RR IB�R tB� Zt�s%�j sjj �Y� bsk� bY${Y �-}js$tR bYk
AZAAj�R }��R$R� �%�t $P �%��kBt� ,tBbR �Y�k b$jj �%�t�Zsjjk AZ�R� wR�� _B���� stI 78$�Y�
d��;D�
n e-}��$8�t�sj ���Zjs�$�k stI A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�T
B�k
qY$R ABB, $R s jBt� stRb�� �B s JZ�R�$Bt �s8� �Y�B�k R�ZI�t�R BP��t sR,U XqY$R �Y�B�k
$R $t����R�$t����AZ� IB }�B}j� s{�Zsjjk }jsk �Y$R bsk2" qY� stRb��� tB� RZ�}�$R$t�jk� $R
8$-�I� qY��� s�� tB $t����R�$t� �s8�R $t bY${Y RZA`�{�R ��s{Y s }��I${��I �JZ$j$A�$Z8
$88�I$s��jk� VtI �Y��� s�� tB �s8�R RB {B8}j${s��I �Ys� RZA`�{�R IB tB� {Bt%���� $t
�Y� I$��{�$Bt BP �JZ$j$A�$Z8 w}��Ys}R JZ$�� {jBR� �B $�D b$�Y �tBZ�Y �-}��$�t{� $t �Y� jsA�
]BtR$I�� �Y� �Y��� �-s8}j�R sAB%�� yt Zj�$8s�Z8 As��s$t$t�� }jsk��R s�� Ps� P�B8 �Y�
}��P�{� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 sRRZ8$t� R�jPT$t����R�� AZ� �Y�k s�� �BZ�Yjk $t �JZ$j$A�$Z8 bY�t �Y�
i�R}BtI��:R }��P���t{� PB� A�$t� ���s��I Ps$�jk $R �s,�t $t�B s{{BZt� wA�{sZR� B&��R 8s-T
$8$9� �-}�{��I }�Bh� �$%�t BAR��%�I ��`�{�$Bt �s��RD� �Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k �-}js$tR
�Y�R� ��RZj�R Ak {B8A$t$t� t�b �Y�B�$�R BP RB{$sj Z�$j$�k b$�Y stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k wR��
{Ys}��� nD� yt �Y� {Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I� stI A�sZ�k {Bt��R� �s8�R� }jsk��R R�s�� Ps� P�B8
�JZ$j$A�$Z8 stI {Bt%���� {jBR� �B $� $t d( }��$BIR B� RB� �Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k �-}js$tR
�Y�R� ��RZj�R ZR$t� {Bt{�}�R BP j$8$��I ��sRBt$t� sR }jsk��R h�R� �Y$t, sABZ� s �s8� wR��
{Ys}��� xD� stI }��{$R� �Y�B�$�R BP j�s�t$t� wR�� {Ys}��� ED�
7Y��jB{, <Bj8�R Rs$I� X*s�s� Is�s� y {sttB� 8s,� A�${,R b$�YBZ� {jsk"� e-}��$8�t�sj
��RZj�R s�� {jsk PB� A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k� qY� �Bsj $R tB� �B XI$R}�B%�" �s8� �Y�B�k
ws {B88Bt ��s{�$Bt BP }Rk{YBjB�$R�R stI RB{$BjB�$R�RD� AZ� �B $8}�B%� $� Ak �R�sAj$RY$t�
���Zjs�$�k bY${Y $tR}$��R t�b �Y�B�k� G$�YBZ� RB8� RB�� BP BAR��%s�$Bt� �Y�B���${sj
sRRZ8}�$BtR s�� ��BZtI�I $t {sRZsj }R�ZIBT�8}$�${sj bB�,u $tPB�8sj B}$t$Bt }BjjR $t
11
R�8$ts� stI B^{� I$R{ZRR$BtR stI ZR$t� Bt�:R Bbt $t�Z$�$BtR ws Bt�T��R}BtI�t� }BjjD�
$BjB�$R�R IBt:� `ZR� sR, XyP y bsR s �BA$t PB�s�$t� PB� PBBI� YBb 8$�Y� y IB $�2" qY�k
bs�{Y �BA$tR PB�s��� B� sR, RB8�ABIk bYB YsR� qY�B�$R� wstI }s��T�$8� �-}��$8�t���D
e�${ zst *s88�� s8Bt� B�Y��R� bB��$�R sABZ� �Y� �&�{�R BP Ys%$t� �BB P�b Is�s BP �Y$R
RB�� $t �s8� �Y�B�k wd��x� }� nnDU
G$�YBZ� Ys%$t� s A�BsI R�� BP Ps{�R Bt bY${Y �B �Y�B�$9�� �Y��� $R s {���s$t
Ist��� BP R}�tI$t� �BB 8Z{Y �$8� Bt 8BI�jR �Ys� s�� 8s�Y�8s�${sjjk �j��st��
k�� Ys%� j$��j� {Btt�{�$Bt �B s{�Zsj A�Ys%$B�� V� }��R�t� BZ� �8}$�${sj ,tBbjT
�I�� $R $tsI�JZs�� >}��{$R�jk �Y� Rs8� bB�I %Bt W�Z8stt stI �B���tR���t
ZR�I x( k�s�R A�PB���H stI $� $R st $t����R�$t� JZ�R�$Bt bYk �s8� �Y�B�$R�R
Ys%� tB� �Z�t�I 8B�� P��JZ�t�jk �B }Rk{YBjB�$R�R PB� $tPB�8s�$Bt sABZ� �Y�
j�s�t$t� stI $tPB�8s�$Bt }�B{�RR$t� }�B{�RR�R ZR�I Ak YZ8stR�
*s�s s�� }s��${Zjs�jk $8}B��st� PB� �s8� �Y�B�k A�{sZR� �Y��� $R BP��t 8B�� �Yst Bt�
�JZ$j$A�$Z8 wR�� {Ys}��� �D stI YBb �JZ$j$A�s�$Bt B{{Z�R $R tB� }��P�{�jk ZtI��R�BBI wR��
{Ys}��� ED� _Z�� 8s�Y�8s�${R sjBt� b$jj tB� RBj%� �Y�R� }�BAj�8R�
GYk YsR �8}$�${sj BAR��%s�$Bt YsR }jsk�I s R8sjj �Bj� $t �s8� �Y�B�k Zt�$j ��{�t�jk2
!t� }BRR$A$j$�k $R �Ys� �s�jk �-}��$8�t�s�$Bt bsR �YBZ�Y� �B Ys%� XPs$j�I"� yt s d�x1
iVW* {BtP���t{� R�%��sj �Y�B�$R�R w$t{jZI$t� �%�t�Zsj WBA�j jsZ��s�� WsRYD �s�Y���I �B
�Y$t, sABZ� �s8� �Y�B�k� qY�k sjRB I$I RB8� �-}��$8�t�R� �Y� ��RZj�R BP bY${Y I$I tB�
{Bth�8 �Y�B�k stI ��}B���Ijk I$R{BZ�s��I WsRY stI }��Ys}R B�Y��R wd��MD� dx yt����R�
$t Is�s sjRB RZ&���I P�B8 �Y� Ps{� �Ys� RB 8stk $t����R�$t� 8s�Y�8s�${sj }Z99j�R b���
B}�t PB� RBjZ�$Bt $t �s8� �Y�B�k PB� RZ{Y s jBt� �$8��dE 3�B8 sABZ� d��( Btbs�I�
I�%�jB}8�t�R $t �Y� �Y�B�k BP ��}�s��I �s8�R� �s8�R BP $t{B8}j��� $tPB�8s�$Bt� stI
dxy �Y$t, �Y�R� �s�jk �-}��$8�t���R 8sI� s 8$R�s,� Ak {Bt{�t��s�$t� �BB 8Z{Y Bt �s8�R b$�Y 8$-�IT
R��s���k �JZ$j$A�$s� yt �YBR� �s8�R� }jsk��R Ys%� jBb 8Bt��s�k $t{�t�$%�R stI }��I${�$BtR I�}�tI Bt
sRRZ8}�$BtR sABZ� �$R, �sR��R� bY${Y s�� I$^{Zj� �B 8�sRZ�� B� �%�t {Bt��Bj�dE�stk X8BI��t" $I�sR $t A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k b��� h�R� }�B}BR�I �s�jk $t �Y� Y$R�B�k BP �s8�
�Y�B�k� stI j�P� sR$I� B� PB��B���t� yt Y$R �Y�R$R WsRY wd�x(D I�R{�$A�I s X8sRR s{�$Bt" $t���}���s�$Bt BP
�JZ$j$A�$Z8 R$8$js� �B 8BI��t �%BjZ�$Bts�k �s8� �Y�B�k wG�$AZjj� d��xD� G�$�Y��I h{�$�$BZR }jsk wR��
{Ys}��� ED� bY${Y R��8R �B Ys%� A��t ��%$%�I Ak �8}$�${$R�R s�BZtI d��x� $R I�R{�$A�I $t �Y� s8s9$t�jk
$tR$�Y�PZj ABB, Ak NZ{� stI is$&s wd�x�D� 7�j��t wd��MD �8}YsR$9�I YBb }jsk��R }��{�$%� �Y� �s8� �Y�k
}jsk� s �B}${ A�$t� ��%$%�I Ak iZA$tR��$t� d��d� ]s8����� d���� stI 7s8Z�jRBt� 1(((� s8Bt� B�Y��R�
iBR�t�Ysj wd�MdD h�R� }�B}BR�I s %��R$Bt XJZst�sj ��R}BtR� �JZ$j$A�$Z8"� js��� ��ht�I stI s}}j$�I Ak
�{��j%�k stI _sjP��k wd��x� d��MD stI pB���� stI <Bj� wd���D�
1n
s}}j${s�$BtR �B $8}B��st� h�jIR j$,� }�$t{$}sjTs��t� ��js�$BtR� {Bt��s{�$t�� stI }Bj$�${sj
R{$�t{� j�I �B st �-}jBR$Bt BP �Y�B�k� qY��� $R tB IBZA� �Ys� �Y$R }Z�RZ$� YsR A��t
����$h{sjjk $tR$�Y�PZj stI t�{�RRs�k� AZ� $� bsR {BtIZ{��I b$�Y j$��j� �8}$�${sj �Z$Ist{�
BP stk RB��� qY��� $R sjRB j$��j� IBZA� �Ys� $� $R Y$�Y �$8� �B �s$R� �Y� �s�$B BP BAR��%s�$Bt
�B �Y�B�k� y� $R sjRB �t{BZ�s�$t� �Ys� RB8� �Y�B�$R�R Ys%� �Z�t�I R��$BZR s���t�$Bt �B
8BI�jj$t� ABZtI�I B� }�B{�IZ�sj �s�$Btsj$�k PB�8sjjk w����� iZA$tR��$t� d��MD�d�
!P {BZ�R�� �-}��$8�t�sj Is�s s�� Btjk Bt� {B8}Bt�t� BP A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k�
*��s$j�I Ps{�R sABZ� {B�t$�$%� 8�{Yst$R8R stI h�jI ��R�R s�� $8}B��st� �BB�dM qY�
��RZj� BP {Bt��Bjj�I �-}��$8�t�R� h�jI BAR��%s�$Bt� stI �Y�B�$9$t� bB�,$t� �B���Y�� $R
RZ88s�$9�I Ak z$t{� ]�sbPB�I wd���� }� 1(MDU
qY� �-}��$8�t�sj �%$I�t{� RZ���R�R �Ys� tBt� BP �Y� j�sI$t� �Y�B���${sj P�s8�T
bB�,R PB� stsjk9$t� �s8�Ru ��sI$�$Btsj tBtT{BB}��s�$%� �s8� �Y�B�k� {BB}��T
s�$%� �s8� �Y�B�k� �%BjZ�$Bts�k �s8� �Y�B�k� stI sIs}�$%� j�s�t$t� 8BI�jRu
�$%�R s PZjjk ��j$sAj� s{{BZt� BP A�Ys%$B� Ak $�R�jP� AZ� �Ys� 8BR� A�Ys%$B�
{st A� ZtI��R�BBI $t ���8R BP s Rkt�Y�R$R BP $I�sR P�B8 �YBR� P�s8�bB�,R�
{B8A$t�I b$�Y �8}$�${sj ,tBbj�I�� $t }�B}B��$BtR �Ys� I�}�tI $t }��I${�sAj�
bskR Bt �Y� �t%$�Bt8�t��
is}$I I�%�jB}8�t� BP A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k b$jj I�}�tI Bt YBb R{$�t�$R�R ��s{� �B
Is�s� i�s{�$BtR %s�k�
yP kBZ s�� R8$���t Ak �Y� �j��st{� BP stsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k kBZ 8$�Y� �s,� �Y� Is�s
sR R$8}jk RYBb$t� bY��Y�� RZA`�{�R ZtI��R�BBI �Y� �s8� stI b��� 8B�$%s��IU yP �Y�
Is�s {Bth�8 �s8� �Y�B�k� �Y� RZA`�{�R 8ZR� Ys%� ZtI��R�BBI� $P �Y� Is�s I$R{Bth�8�
�Y� RZA`�{�R 8ZR� Ys%� tB� ZtI��R�BBI� i�R$R� �Y$R {Bt{jZR$Bt� qY� �s8�R s�� ZRZsjjk
R$8}j�� stI 8BR� �-}��$8�t���R {s��PZjjk {Bt��Bj PB� ZtI��R�stI$t� Ak ZR$t� s JZ$9 �B
A� RZ�� RZA`�{�R ,tBb YBb {YB${�R j�sI �B }skB&R� 3Z��Y��8B��� Ak $tP���$t� RZA`�{�
ZtI��R�stI$t� P�B8 Is�s� �Y��� $R tB bsk �B PsjR$Pk �Y� �Y�B�k� _YkR${$R�R stI A$BjB�$R�R
bBZjI tB� Ys%� �Y� Rs8� ��s{�$Bt $P s �Y�B�k sABZ� }s��${j�R b��� PsjR$h�I Ak {s��PZj
�-}��$8�t�s�$Bt wXqY� }s��${j�R b��� {BtPZR�I�"D B� $P A$�IR I$It:� PB�s�� PB� PBBI sR
}��I${��I wXyP �Y�k YsI 8B�� s� R�s,� >�Yst RZ�%$%sj2H �Y�k bBZjI ��� $� �$�Y��"D�d�qY$R $t{jZI�R ht$�� sZ�B8s�s� 6��JZ$j$A�$Z8� �%BjZ�$Bts�k stI Ikts8${ �Y�B�$�R� tBtT}s��$�$Btsj
$tPB�8s�$Bt R��Z{�Z��R� stI RB Bt� �BR� BP �Y$R bB�, $R tB� $tR}$��I B� I$R{$}j$t�I Ak Is�s� YBb�%���dMiB�Y:R bB�, Bt 8s�{Y$t� PB� {Bjj��� ABbj �s8�R� RB�B�$�k �ZRY� stI 8�I${sj ��R$I�t{k s�� �s���
RY$t$t� �-s8}j�R w���� iB�Y stI �$t�� d��;D�
1;
yt Ps{�� �%$I�t{� {$��I sR {Bth�8s�$Bt BP �s8� �Y�B�k BP��t RZ}}B��R s ,�k �j�8�t� BP
A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�ku ts8�jk� �Ys� �JZ$j$A�s�$Bt 8sk �s,� s jBt� �$8�� }��Ys}R k�s�R
B� I�{sI�R wstI �JZ$j$A�s�$Bt $R �Y���PB�� s {�Z{$sj {B8}Bt�t� BP stk �Y�B�kD� yt �Y�
PB��bB�I �B iB�Y stI 7B�B8skB�:R wd��(D ABB, sABZ� �Y� �Y�B�k BP 8s�{Y$t� 8s�,��R�
�Y� A�$jj$st� 8s�Y�8s�${$st iBA��� VZ8stt tB��R �Ys�
����Y� psj�T7Ys}j�k >8s�{Y$t�H sj�B�$�Y8 YsI $t Ps{� A��t $t }�s{�${sj ZR�
sj��sIk R$t{� d�xd PB� �Y� sRR$�t8�t� BP $t���tR �B YBR}$�sjR $t �Y� =t$��I
7�s��R� $� YsI �%Bj%�I Ak s ��$sjTstIT���B� }�B{�RR �Ys� R}stt�I 8B�� �Yst
YsjP s {�t�Z�k� ���$t �Y� ��sj ��sj bB�jIu bY�t �Y� {Y$}R s�� IBbt� �Y� }skB&
$R tB� h%� IBjjs�R AZ� s RZ{{�RRPZj {s����� stI }�B}j� Ys%� �$8� �B ZtI��R�stI
�Y� R$�Zs�$Btu �Y� }��I${�$BtR BP �s8� �Y�B�k Ps�� JZ$�� b�jj�
WB�� �Ys� �Y� X�$8� �B ZtI��R�stI �Y� R$�Zs�$Bt" VZ8stt ��P��R �B bsR x( k�s�R�d� !%��
RZ{Y s R}st� s j�s�t$t� B� �JZ$j$A�s�$Bt �Y�B�k $R �RR�t�$sj�
VtB�Y�� ��s{�$Bt kBZ 8sk Ys%� $R �B {�$�${$9� I��s$jR BP �-}��$8�t�sj I�R$�t� VZ8stt�
s�s$t� b�$��R wd��(� }� -$D
y� $R RB8��$8�R sRR����I �Ys� �s8� �Y�B�k $R tB� XI�R{�$}�$%�" BP �Y� X��sj
bB�jI"� �Ys� }�B}j� IBt:� ��sjjk A�Ys%� s{{B�I$t� �B �s8�T�Y�B���${ }��R{�$}T
�$BtR� qB As{, Z} RZ{Y sRR���$BtR� RB8� bB�,��R Ys%� {BtIZ{��I �-}��$8�t�R
ZR$t� }BB�jk 8B�$%s��I RZA`�{�R� RZA`�{�R bYB IB tB� ZtI��R�stI bYs� �Y�k
s�� sABZ� stI s�� }s$I B& Ak }$��st{�R� sR $P RZ{Y �-}��$8�t�R ��}��R�t��I
�Y� ��sj bB�jI�
VZ8stt $R sjjZI$t� �B st �s�j$�� ��t��s�$Bt BP �-}��$8�t�R $t �Y� d�E(:RT�(:R bY${Y b���
tB� R�tR$�$%� �B RZA`�{� {B8}��Y�tR$Bt stI $t{�t�$%�R� qY$R ABB, js���jk $�tB��R �YBR� �-T
}��$8�t�R w�YBZ�Y RB8� s�� I�R{�$A�I $t {Ys}��� 1D� qY� 8BI��t �-}��$8�t�R I�R{�$A�I
$t �Y$R ABB,u 8BR�jk P�B8 �Y� jsR� ��t k�s�Ru PZjjk ��R}�{� {Bt{��tR j$,� VZ8stt:R stI
d�V R$8$js� }B$t� $R 8sI� Ak *$-$� stI 7,�s�Y wd���D� 7��}Y�t Fsk pBZjI wd�MxD s��Z�I �Ys� AsR�Asjj
As��$t� s%��s��R {Bt%����I $t �Y� 1(�Y {�t�Z�k A�{sZR� BP Ikts8${ sI`ZR�8�t�R $t h�jI� }$�{Y$t�� stI
Y$��$t�� *$-$� stI 7,�s�Y I�R{�$A� �Y$R sR st X�t{BZ�s�$t� �sj�� I�sbt P�B8 ��sj j$P�� BP YBb }jsk��R j�s�t
�B }jsk �JZ$j$A�$Z8 R��s���$�R"� Z� �Y� j�s�t$t� bsR Bt �Y� B�I�� BP I�{sI�R� bY${Y 8�stR s A�Ys%$B�sj
j�s�t$t� �Y�B�k $R `ZR� sR $8}B��st� wB� 8B��RBD �Yst st �JZ$j$A�$Z8 {Bt{�}��
1x
I�R$�t�I b$�Y �Y�8 $t 8$tI� 7ZA`�{�R s�� �k}${sjjk stsjk�${sjjkTR,$jj�I {Bjj��� R�ZI�t�R
bYB s�� JZ$99�I stI Y$�Yjk 8B�$%s��I�
VtB�Y�� ��s{�$Bt kBZ s�� j$,�jk �B Ys%� bY�t A�Ys%$B� IB�R tB� {BtPB�8 �B stsjk�${sj
�s8� �Y�B�k $R �Ys� RZA`�{�R b��� }jsk$t� s I$&���t� �s8� �Yst �Y� �-}��$8�t��� {��s��I�
7Z{Y �-}jsts�$BtR s�� ZR�PZj $P �Y�k {st A� ��R��I stI PsjR$h�I� <Bb�%��� �Y�R� �-}jstsT
�$BtR 8s,� �-}��$8�t���R A�$R�j� bY�t �Y�k s�� 8sI� $t $�tB�st{� BP �Y� �-��sB�I$ts�k
{s�� �s,�t �B �tRZ�� RZA`�{� {B8}��Y�tR$Bt� {Bt��Bj PB� stBtk8$�k bY�t ��k$t� �B {��s��
Bt�TRYB� �s8�R� stI %s�$s�$Bt $t R�s,�R stI RZA`�{� }BBj �B {Y�{, PB� �BAZR�t�RR�
3B� �-s8}j�� s {B88Bt $t���}���s�$Bt BP �Y� Ps{� �Ys� i�R}BtI�� ��`�{�$BtR $t Zj�$8sT
�Z8 �s8�R $R �Ys� �Y� i�R}BtI��R �Y$t, �Y�k 8$�Y� A� }jsk$t� s ��}�s��I �s8� A�{sZR�
�Y�k b$jj 8��� �Y� _�B}BR��R s�s$t� Z� �-}��$8�t���R �B �B ���s� j�t��YR �B �tRZ�� �Ys�
RZA`�{�R bBt:� 8��� s�s$t� stI ,tBb �Ys�� 3B� �-s8}j�� RB8� �-}��$8�t���R }sk RZAT
`�{�R Bt� s� s �$8�� b$�Y s RYB�� js� A��b��t �s{Y }sk8�t�� stI R�stI $t �Y� Ysjj �B A�
RZ�� RZA`�{�R IBt:� bs$� PB� B�Y��R �B j�s%�� =tI�� �Y�R� {BtI$�$BtR� �Y� PsZ-T��}�s��IT
�s8� �-}jsts�$Bt BP Zj�$8s�Z8 ��RZj�R $R R$8}jk b�Bt�� !�Y��R wj$,� �Y� Ps8BZRjk {s��PZj
isk s��sj$BD s�� ,tBbt �B �tI st �-}��$8�t� $88�I$s��jk $P s RZA`�{� RskR RB8��Y$t�
sjBZI bY${Y B�Y��R Y�s�� A��s,$t� �Y� �-}��$8�t���:R {Bt��Bj� qY� ��s{�$Bt �Ys� RZA`�{�R
s�� }jsk$t� s I$&���t� �s8� �Yst �Y� �-}��$8�t��� $t��tI�I RYBZjI I$Rs}}�s� sR 8B��
�Y�B�$R�R j�s�t sABZ� bYs� s{�Zsjjk Ys}}�tR $t jsAB�s�B�$�R� stI {B8� �B A�j$�%� $t �Y�
JZsj$�k BP �Y� Is�s �Ys� s�� }�BIZ{�I�
7�$jj stB�Y�� ��s{�$Bt kBZ 8sk Ys%� $R �Ys� A�Ys%$B� bY${Y $R tB� �s�$Btsj {st:� A�
8BI�jj�I� 3B� �-s8}j�� R�%��sj k�s�R s�B VA��Z stI �s�RZRY$8s wd��1D Rsk �-}��$8�tT
�sj ��RZj�R s�� P��JZ�t�jk $t�-}j${sAj� Ak X�%�t s}}�B-$8s��jk �s�$Btsj �-}jsts�$Bt"� y
I$Rs����U z$��Zsjjk sjj �Y� ��RZj�R ��}B���I $t �Y$R ABB, {st A� s{{B88BIs��I Ak $t{jZIT
$t� A�Ys%$B�sj {B8}Bt�t�Ru RB{$sj Z�$j$�k� j$8$��I $���s��I ��sRBt$t�� stI j�s�t$t�u $t�B
stsjk�${sj �Y�B�k� qY�k �B Bt �B sR, X7YBZjI b� �Y�t �$%� Z} �Y� �s�$Btsj$�k }s�sI$�82"
!P {BZ�R� tB�U y� $R �BB ZR�PZj sR s RBZ�{� BP RYs�} }��I${�$BtR� stI $R BP��t s �BBI
}��I${�$Bt BP j$8$�$t� A�Ys%$B�� �Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k �-��tIR �s�$Btsj$�k �s�Y�� �Yst
sAstIBt$t� $�� qY� jsR� {Ys}��� BP �Y$R ABB, RYBbR YBb�
1E
; ]Bt{jZR$Bt
qY$R {Ys}��� I�R{�$A�I �Y��� �-s8}j�R bY${Y $jjZR��s�� �-}��$8�t�sj ���Zjs�$�k� stI Y$t�R
YBb �Ys� ���Zjs�$�k $R PB�8sj$9�I $t A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k�
yt �Y� Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�� _�B}BR��R �k}${sjjk B&�� {jBR� �B YsjP BP s RZ8 �B A� I$%$I�I�
stI i�R}BtI��R ��`�{� B&��R bY${Y s�� �BB jBb A�{sZR� �Y�k I$Rj$,� ZtPs$�t�RR� qY� �s8�
$R RB R$8}j� �Ys� $� $R $8}BRR$Aj� �B A�j$�%� i�R}BtI��R ��`�{�$t� 8Bt�k s�� {BtPZR�I� stI
�Y� ��RZj� YsR A��t ��}j${s��I PB� %��k Y$�Y R�s,�R wZ} �B c;(( $t V8��${s� stI {B8}s�sAj�
RZ8R $t PB��$�t {BZt��$�RD� V{{B�I$t� �B A�Ys%$B�sj �s8� �Y�B�k� i�R}BtI��R ��`�{� jBb
B&��R A�{sZR� �Y�k j$,� �B �s�t 8Bt�k AZ� I$Rj$,� ZtPs$� ���s�8�t� wB� j$,� A�$t� ���s��I
�JZsjjkD� yt �Y� {Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I� �s8�� }jsk��R ��s%$�s�� �Bbs�I �JZ$j$A�$s B%�� �$8� stI
BP��t �tI Z} $t _s���BT$t�^{$�t� �JZ$j$A�$s �Y�k {BZjI Ys%� s%B$I�I� �Ys%$B�sj �s8�
�Y�B�k �-}js$tR �Y$R Ak sRRZ8$t� �Ys� }jsk��R s��t:� RZ�� bYs� �B IB ws� �Y� A��$tt$t�
BP �Y� �s8�D RB �Y�k }${, tZ8A��R $t �Y� 8$IIj�� �Y�t �Y�k ��R}BtI �B Y$R�B�k s{{B�I$t�
�B R$8}j� R�s�$R�${sj j�s�t$t� �Zj�R� yt �Y� A�sZ�k {Bt��R� �s8�� }jsk��R R��8 �B IB Bt�
B� �bB R��}R BP ��sRBt$t� sABZ� B�Y��R� �Y�t R�B}� wVtsjk�${sj �s8� �Y�B�k sRRZ8�R �Y�k
,��} �B$t� Zt�$j �Y�k ��s{Y s 8Z�Zsj A�R�T��R}BtR� �JZ$j$A�$Z8�D VtI �Y�k j�s�t B%��
�$8�� Ns��� {Ys}���R �-}stI Bt �Y�R� ��RZj�R stI I�R{�$A� B�Y�� {jsRR�R BP �s8�R w8$-�I
�JZ$j$A�$s� As��s$t$t�� R$�tsj$t�� stI sZ{�$BtRD�
qY� ABB, $R b�$���t RB �Y� ��sI�� {st XI$%�" B� XRtB�,�j"� 7tB�,�j$t� 8�stR Rb$8T
8$t� sjBt� �Y� RZ�Ps{�� jBB,$t� s� �Y� }����k hRY AZ� tB� �B$t� RB I��} �Ys� kBZ t��I
R}�{$sj �JZ$}8�t� w����� $t�$8s�� ,tBbj�I�� BP �s8� �Y�B�kD �B A��s�Y�� 7tB�,�j��R
RYBZjI s}}��{$s�� Y$�Yj$�Y�R BP {�Z{$sj Ps{�R sABZ� bYs� YsR A��t j�s�t�I P�B8 �-}��T
$8�t�R ��js�$%� �B �Y�B�k� stI YBb �YBR� htI$t�R RZ���R� t�b �Y�B�k wRZ88s�$9�I $t
R�{�$Bt RZ88s�$�RD� *$%��R b$jj bst� �B �-}jB�� �Y� I��s$jR BP R�ZI$�R stI 8s,� �Y�$�
Bbt `ZI�8�t�R sABZ� bYs� bsR j�s�t�I stI $8}B��st��1(
1(y PBjjBb�I RB8� b�$�$t� {Bt%�t�$BtR kBZ RYBZjI ,tBb sABZ�� �k �Bsj $R �B {Bt%�k �Y� ���Zjs�$T
�$�R �Ys� Ys%� A��t I$R{B%���I $t �-}��$8�t�sj R�ZI$�R BP �s8� �Y�B�k� stI RB8� P��j$t� PB� �Y� {s���
{�sP�R8stRY$}� stI {Bt%�t�$BtR BP �Y� �-}��$8�t�sj 8��YBI� 7B8� R�ZI$�R Ys%� A��t B%���8}YsR$9�I
stI RB8� I��8}YsR$9�I� �k }��P���t{� $R �B I�R{�$A� �Y� h�R� B� jsR� R�ZI$�R� stI �Y� 8BR� RBj$I B�
$t����R�$t� ��RZj�R� yt RZ88s�$9$t� ��RZj�R� �Y� �Bsj $R PZjj I$R{jBRZ�� b$�YBZ� {jZ���� stI $���j�%st{��
yP kBZ s�� {Z�$BZR sABZ� s I��s$j BP �Y� �-}��$8�t�R B� Is�s bY${Y YsR tB� A��t ��}B���I� $� }�BAsAjk
bsR B8$���I A�{sZR� $� IB�R tB� 8s���� wB� bsR B8$���I $t �Y� B�$�$tsj }ZAj$RY�I ��}B��$t�D� sj�YBZ�Y
y bBZjI A� YB��$h�I $P kBZ �BB, �Y$R sR st �-{ZR� �B PB���B jBB,$t� s� �Y� B�$�$tsj s��${j�� $P kBZ s��
��sjjk {Z�$BZR� 3B� �-s8}j�� bY�t �Y� Is�s P�B8 %s�$BZR }��$BIR BP st �-}��$8�t�R s�� jZ8}�I �B���Y��
1�
x i�P���t{�R
VA��Z� *$j$} stI <$�BRY$ �s�RZRY$8s� V ��R}BtR� �B pjs9�� stI iBR�t�Ysj� e{BtB8��T
�${s %Bj E(� WB% d��1� d;n�Td;;1�
VZ8stt� iBA��� F� 3B��bB�I� yt Vj%$t e� iB�Y stI �s�$jIs V� !j$%�$�s 7B�B8skB��
qbBTR$I�I 8s�{Y$t�U V R�ZIk $t �s8�T�Y�B���${ 8BI�j$t� stI stsjkR$R� ]s8A�$I��U
]s8A�$I�� =t$%��R$�k _��RR� d��( w}� -$D�
VZ8stt� iBA��� F� ps8� �Y�B�k� yt �Y� W�b _sj��s%�� �I$��I Ak F� es�b�jj� ��
�$j�s��� stI _� W�b8st� d�M�D�
s��R� iBA��� <�� V%t�� p��$P� �s��s��� N�%$t� F�stTNsZ��t� iBR�t�Ysj� stI s��k
i� G�$t�sR�� Vtsjk�${ Ws��s�$%�R� _�$t{��BtU _�$t{��Bt =t$%��R$�k _��RR� d��M�
���� F� e�� N� *sj�k� F� *${,YsZ� stI F� !: �$�t� d�ME� ]Bt��Bjj$t� }��P���t{�R PB�
�s8Aj�R Bt Zt$�R BP �-}��$8�t�sj �-{Yst��� +Zs����jk FBZ�tsj BP e{BtB8${R d(dU1MdTn(E�
�stI�tAZ����� VIs8 stI s��k Wsj�AZ&� ]BB}��$�$Bt� � d��E 3yWy7<�
]s8����� ]Bj$t 3� ��t�sj ��}��R�t�s�$BtR BP �s8�R� =t}ZAj$RY�I bB�,$t� }s}���
d��M�
]s8���� stI <B� yRBjs�$Bt �&�{�R stI %$Bjs�$BtR BP {B8}BZtI jB����k ��IZ{�$Bt� =tT
}ZAj$RY�I bB�,$t� }s}��� d��;�
]s8����� ]Bj$t 3� stI iBA$t �� <B�s��Y� qY� �&�{�R BP htst{$sj $t{�t�$%�R $t
�{BtB8${R �-}��$8�t�RU V ��%$�b stI {s}$�sjTjsAB�T}�BIZ{�$Bt P�s8�bB�,� FBZ�tsj BP
i$R, stI =t{���s$t�k� d���� �T;1�
]Ys8A��j$t� eIbs�I <� Vt �-}��$8�t�sj $8}��P�{� 8s�,��� FBZ�tsj BP _Bj$�${sj e{BtT
B8k xE� d�;M� �xTd(M�
]Y�t� �skTOZ� stI ]Ys�j�R _jB��� WBtj$t�s� �Ys%$B� $t 7�sj�I $I 3$�R� _�${�
VZ{�$BtR ps8�R stI e{BtB8${ �Ys%$B�� 1x� !{� d��M� n;T�M�
]BB}��� *s%$I F�� FBYt <� �s��j� G�$ NB� stI +$t� N$st� pZ wd���D "ps8$t�
V�s$tR� �sts���R $t yt{�t�$%� 7kR��8RU e-}��$8�t�sj i�RZj�R b$�Y ]Y$t�R� 7�ZI�t�R
stI ]Y$t�R� �sts���R�" V8��${st e{BtB8${ i�%$�b� M�U; w7�}��8A��D� �MdTM(;�
stI ��}B���I sR st s%��s��� �Ys� 8�stR �Y��� $R tB $t����R�$t� j�s�t$t� s{�BRR }��$BIR� *�R$�t I��s$jR BP
�-}��$8�t�R s�� }js{�I s� {Ys}��� �tIR �B ,��} �Y� ��sI�� P�B8 A�$t� I$R��s{��I�
1M
]BR�sTpB8�R� �$�Z�j� ]�sbPB�I� z$t{�� stI �ZtB �BR��s� ]B�t$�$Bt stI A�Ys%$B�
$t tB�8sjTPB�8 �s8�RU Vt �-}��$8�t�sj R�ZIk� e{BtB8���${s� $t }��RR�
]�sbPB�I� z$t{�t� _� qY�B�k stI �-}��$8�t� $t �Y� stsjkR$R BP R��s���${ $t���s{�$BtR�
yt *� ���}R stI �� Gsjj$R weIR�D� VI%st{�R $t e{BtB8${R stI e{BtB8���${RU qY�B�k
stI V}}j${s�$BtR� 7�%�t�Y GB�jI ]Bt���RR� zBjZ8� y� ]s8A�$I��U ]s8A�$I�� =t$%��R$�k
_��RR� d����
*s%$R� *BZ�jsR stI ]Ys�j�R <Bj�� e-}��$8�t�sj e{BtB8${R� d��n� 3yWy7<
*$-$�� V%$tsRY stI 7ZRst 7,�s�Y� ps8�R BP 7��s���k� G�G� WB��Bt� d����
ejTps8sj� �sY8BZI V�� i${Ys�I *� �{��j%�k� stI qYB8sR i� _sjP��k wd��nD "V
sk�R$st 7�JZ�t�$sj e-}��$8�t�sj 7�ZIk BP N�s�t$t� $t ps8�R�" FBZ�tsj BP �Y� V8��${st
7�s�$R�${sj VRRB{$s�$Bt� MMU;;1 wFZt�D� ;1MT;nx�
3s�tRbB��Y� Gs�I� *B }s��$�R �B tZ$Rst{� {sR�R As��s$t sP��� `ZI�8�t�2 V �j$8}R�
$tR$I� �Y� {s�Y�I�sj� =t$%��R$�k BP ]Y${s�B Nsb i�%$�b� EE� 7}�$t� d����n�nT;nE�
3�st,� iBA���� _sRR$BtR b$�Y$t i�sRBtU qY� R��s���${ �Bj� BP �8B�$BtR� G�G� WB�T
�Bt� d�MM�
3�$�I8st� *st$�j stI 7Yks8 7ZtI��� e-}��$8�t�sj 8��YBIRU V }�$8�� PB� �{BtBT
8$R�R� ]s8A�$I��U ]s8A�$I�� =t$%��R$�k _��RR� d��n�
*��b 3ZI�tA��� stI *s%$I N�%$t�� "��sRZ�$t� _jsk��R: NBRR�R $t e-}��$8�t�sj
ps8�R�" +Zs����jk FBZ�tsj BP e{BtB8${R dd1 wd���D� x(�TxnE
3ZI�tA���� *��b� stI F�st q$�Bj�� ps8� qY�B�k� ]s8A�$I��� �yq _��RR� d��d�
p$t�$R� <��A���� ps8� qY�B�k e%Bj%$t�� _�$t{��BtU _�$t{��Bt =t$%��R$�k _��RR�
d����
pB����� Fs{BA ��� stI ]Ys�j�R V� <Bj� wd���D "7�B{YsR�${ ps8� qY�B�kU 3B� _jsk$t�
ps8�R� WB� FZR� PB� *B$t� qY�B�k�" _�B{��I$t�R BP �Y� Ws�$Btsj V{sI�8k BP 7{$�t{�R�
�Ew7�}��8A��D� d(xE;Td(xE��
pBZjI� 7��}Y�t Fsk� qY� 3js8$t�B:R 78$j�� W�b OB�,U WB��Bt� d�Mx�
p���Y��� *� �� d�Md� 3$tst{$sj $t{�t�$%� �&�{�R stI $tI$%$IZsj I�{$R$Bt 8s,$t��
]sj$PB�t$s ytR�$�Z�� BP q�{YtBjB�k bB�,$t� }s}�� tB� ;(d�
1�
<s��$RBt� pj�tt� qY�B�k stI 8$RA�Ys%$B� BP h�R�T}�${� sZ{�$BtR� V8��${st e{BtB8${
i�%$�b� ��� d�M�� �;�T�E1�
F� <s�Rstk$� ps8�R b$�Y $t{B8}j��� $tPB�8s�$Bt }jsk�I Ak sk�R$st }jsk��R� �stT
s��8�t� 7{$�� d;� dx�� n1(� ;ME wd�E�TEMD�
<B� q�{,T<Zs� ]s8����� ]Bj$t� stI ��$�Y G�$��j�� Xy���s��I IB8$tst{� stI $���T
s��I A�R�T��R}BtR� $t �-}��$8�t�sj �}TA�sZ�k {Bt��R�R:�" V8��${st e{BtB8${ i�%$�b�
MM� d��M� �;�T�E��
<B&8st� ej$9sA��Y� ��%$t �{]sA� stI z��tBt 78$�Y� wd��ED� "!t �-}�{�s�$BtR
stI 8Bt��s�k R�s,�R $t Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�R�" yt���ts�$Btsj FBZ�tsj BP ps8� qY�B�k� 1x�
1M�Tn(d�
�sYt�8st� *�� F� N� �t��R{Y stI i� qYsj��� d��(� e-}��$8�t�sj ��R�R BP �Y� �tIBbT
8�t� �&�{� stI �Y� ]BsR� qY�B��8� FBZ�tsj BP _Bj$�${sj e{BtB8k �MUdn1xTdn;M�
�s��j� FBYt stI iB�Y� Vj%$t e� weIR�D� <stIABB, BP e-}��$8�t�sj e{BtB8${R�
_�$t{��BtU _�$t{��Bt =t$%��R$�k _��RR� d��x�
�t�9� �� stI z� N� 78$�Y� <k}B�Y��${sj %sjZs�$BtR stI }��P���t{� ��%��RsjR $t �Y�
{Bt��-� BP sRR�� ��sI$t�� NsAB�s�B�k e-}��$8�t�s�$Bt $t e{BtB8${RU 7$- _B$t�R BP z$�b�
]s8A�$I��U ]s8A�$I�� =t$%��R$�k _��RR� d�M��
isR8ZR�t� e�${� ps8�R stI ytPB�8s�$Bt w1tI �I$�$BtD� sR$j js{,b�jj� d��x�
��kt�R� FBYt �skts�I� qY� ��t��sj �Y�B�k BP $t����R�� �8}jBk8�t�� stI 8Bt�k�
NBtIBtU �s{8$jjst� d�nE�
���}R� *s%$I stI iBA��� G$jRBt� 7�JZ�t�$sj �JZ$j$A�$Z8� e{BtB8���${s� x(� d�M1�
MEnTM�;�
N$R�� FBYt V stI qBII N� ]Y���k� N�s�t$t� �B s{{�}� $t Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�RU e%$I�t{�
P�B8 st �-}��$8�t�sj I�R$�t �Ys� ��t��s��R jBb B&��R� e-}��$8�t�sj e{BtB8${R� n� 1(((�
ddTnd�
NZ{,$t�Ti�$jjk� *s%$I� qyqNe FBZ�tsj BP e{BtB8${ _��R}�{�$%�R� 1(((�
NZ{�� i� *Zt{st stI <Bbs�I is$&s� ps8�R stI *�{$R$BtR� W�b OB�,U FBYt G$j�k
stI 7BtR� d�x��
n(
�{��j%�k� i${Ys�I *� stI qYB8sR i� _sjP��k wd��xDU X+Zst�sj i�R}BtR� eJZ$j$A�$s
PB� WB�8sj 3B�8 ps8�R�" ps8�R stI e{BtB8${ �Ys%$B�� �� ETnM�
�{��j%�k� i${Ys�I *� stI qYB8sR i� _sjP��k wd��MDU X+Zst�sj i�R}BtR� eJZ$j$A�$s
PB� e-��tR$%� 3B�8 ps8�R�" e-}��$8�t�sj e{BtB8${R� d� �T;d�
�k��RBt� iB���� i�ht�8�t� BP �Y� WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 {Bt{�}�� yt���ts�$Btsj FBZ�tsj
BP ps8� qY�B�k� d��M� �� �nTM(�
Ws��j� iBR�8s�$�� "=t�s%�jj$t� $t pZ�RR$t� ps8�RU Vt e-}��$8�t�sj 7�ZIk�" V8��T
${st e{BtB8${ i�%$�b Mx wd��xD� dndnTdn1E
WsRs�� 7kj%$s� V �sZ�$PZj �$tIU V A$B��s}Yk BP FBYt 3B�A�R WsRY F�� 7$8Bt stI
7{YZR���� d��M�
WsRY� FBYt� eJZ$j$A�$Z8 }B$t�R $t WT}��RBt �s8�R� _�B{� Ws�� V{sI� 7{$�� nE� ;M
wd�x(D�
!RAB�t�� �s��$t stI V�$�j iZA$tR��$t� V {BZ�R� $t �s8� �Y�B�k� ]s8A�$I��U �yq
_��RR� d��x�
7�j��t� i�$tYs�I� i�T�-s8$ts�$Bt BP �Y� }��P�{�t�RR {Bt{�}� PB� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 }B$t�R
$t �-��tR$%� �s8�R� yt�� F� ps8� qY�B�k� ;� 1x wd��xD�
_B����� *s%$I stI 78$�Y� z��tBt N� 7�B{, 8s�,�� AZAAj�R $t �Y� jsAB�s�B�k� V}}j$�I
�s�Y�8s�${sj 3$tst{�� d� d��;� dddTd1��
_�sRt$,s�� z�Rts� $ts�k jB����k }skB&RU *B �Y�k {Bt��Bj �$R,Ts%��R$Bt2 =t}ZAj$RY�I�
d����
isR8ZR�t� e�${� ps8�R stI ytPB�8s�$BtU Vt $t��BIZ{�$Bt �B �s8� �Y�B�k w1tI
�I$�$BtD� ]s8A�$I��U sR$j js{,b�jj� d��;�
iBR�t�Ysj� iBA��� G� wd�M�D "V BZtI�I is�$Btsj$�k V}}�Bs{Y �B �Y� 7�ZIk BP
WBt{BB}��s�$%� ps8�R�" yt���ts�$Btsj FBZ�tsj BP ps8� qY�B�k� dMUn 1�nT1�1�
iZA$tR��$t� V�$�j� ]B88�t�R Bt �Y� $t���}���s�$Bt BP �s8� �Y�B�k� e{BtB8���${s�
x� d��d� �(�T�1;�
Vj%$t iB�Y stI �$sBj$t �$t�� "FZ8}$t� �Y� pZtU y8}��P�{�$BtR stI ytR�$�Z�$BtR
i�js��I �B �Y� q$8$t� BP �s�,�� q�stRs{�$BtR�" V8��${st e{BtB8${ i�%$�b M; wd��;D�
��1Td(;;
nd
Vj%$t iB�Y stI�s�$jIs 7B�B8skB�� qbBT7$I�I �s�{Y$t�U V 7�ZIk $t ps8�TqY�B���${
�BI�j$t� stI VtsjkR$R� ]s8A�$I�� d��(
7s8Z�jRBt� Ns��k� VIs}�s�$BtR� stsjB�$�R stI stB8sj$�R� GB�,$t� }s}��� 1(((�
7{Y�jj$t�� qYB8sR� qY� R��s���k BP {Bt4${�� ]s8A�$I��U <s�%s�I =t$%��R$�k _��RR�
d�E(�
7{YB����� VtI��b stI Osj� �� �sZtR��$t� d�Md� e{BtB8${ R�s�{YU Vt �-}��$8�t�sj
R�ZIk� e{BtB8${ ytJZ$�k d�UdT1x�
7{YB����� VtI��b stI s��k 7B}Y��� ]��s�$t� {Zj�Z�� $t �Y� jsAU e%$I�t{� P�B8
$t�����t��s�$Btsj Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8�R� GB�,$t� }s}��� 1(((�
7�j��t� i�$tYs�I� i�T�-s8$ts�$Bt BP �Y� }��P�{�t�RR {Bt{�}� PB� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 }B$t�R
$t �-��tR$%� �s8�R� yt�� F� ps8� qY�B�k� ;� 1x wd��xD
7�j��t� i�$tYs�I d��M� qY� {Ys$t R�B�� }s�sIB-� qY�B�k stI *�{$R$Bt� �� d��M�
d1�Tdx��
7�j��t� i�$tYs�I� VAIBj,s�$8 7sI�$�Y� stI �jsZR VAA$t, wd���DU �Bt�k *B�R WB�
ytIZ{� i$R, W�Z��sj �Ys%$B�� AZ� $ts�k NB����$�R *B �%�t GB�R� $tU qY�B�k stI
*�{$R$Bt� zBj� ;E� 1ddT1;��
78$�Y� z��tBt N� wd�E1D� "Vt �-}��$8�t�sj R�ZIk BP {B8}��$�$%� 8s�,�� A�Ys%$B��"
FBZ�tsj BP _Bj$�${sj e{BtB8k �(� dddTdn��
78$�Y� z��tBt N� wd��ED� "e-}��$8�t�sj �{BtB8${RU ytIZ{�I %sjZ� �Y�B�k�" V8��${st
e{BtB8${ i�%$�b� EE� 1�;T1���
78$�Y� �$}� FBYt *${,YsZ�� stI FBR� _s�IB� W�Z�Btsj RZAR��s��R PB� {YB${� ZtI��
s8A$�Z$�k� �$R,� {���s$t�k� �s$tR stI jBRR�R� =t$%��R$�k BP �$tt�RB�s bB�,$t� }s}��� 1(((�
78$�Y� z��tBt N� stI *s%$I _� _B����� ZAAj�R }s}��� 3yWy7<
zst *s88�� e�${� ps8� �Y�B�kU qY� t�-� R�s��� yt N� V� p��s�ITzs���� Vjst _�
�$�8st� stI �� iZ��$��B weIR�D� e{BtB8${R A�kBtI �Y� �$jj�t$Z8� !-PB�I =t$%��R$�k
_��RR� d���� dM;T1d;�
78$�Y� z��tBt N� stI Fs8�R �� Gsj,��� wd��nD� "i�bs�IR� �-}��$�t{� stI I�{$R$Bt
{BR�R $t h�R� }�${� sZ{�$BtR�" e{BtB8${ ytJZ$�k nd� 1n�T1;;�
n1
zst <Zk{,� FBYt �� isk8BtI ]� s��sj$B� stI FBR�}Y ]BB,� VIs}�$%� �Ys%$B�
stI ]BB�I$ts�$Bt 3s$jZ��� FBZ�tsj BP e{BtB8${ �Ys%$B� stI !��st$9s�$Bt� n1� d����
;MnTx(n
zst <Zk{,� FBYt stI isk8BtI ]� s��sj$B� GYs� IB�R $� �s,� �B �j$8$ts�� �Y� ZR� BP
s R��s���k R��${�jk IB8$ts��I Ak s 8$-�Z��2 e-}��$8�t�sj e{BtB8${R� 1� d���� d1�Tdx(�
FBYt zst <Zk{,� isk8BtI s��sj$B� stI 3��I��${, ist,$t� "7�j�{�$Bt *kts8${R
stI VIs}�$%� �Ys%$B� b$�YBZ� �Z{Y ytPB�8s�$Bt�" 8stZR{�$}�� q�-sR Vm� =t$%��R$�k�
7�}��8A�� d��E�
zBt W�Z8stt� FBYt stI !R,s� �B���tR���t� qY� qY�B�k BP ps8�R stI e{BtB8${
�Ys%$B�� _�$t{��BtU _�$t{��Bt =t$%��R$�k _��RR� d�;;�
zBt G$t���P�jI�� *��jBP stI Gs�I eIbs�IR� 3js� 8s-$8s $t j$t�s� B}�$8$9s�$Bt
8BI�jR� q�{Yt${sj ��}B�� (ddndndT;Tq =t$%��R$�k BP �${Y$�st et�$t���$t� _Rk{YBjB�k
NsAB�s�B�k� d��n�
G�$AZjj� FB���t� e%BjZ�$Bts�k ps8� qY�B�k� ]s8A�$I��U �yq _��RR� d��x�
OBZt�� _�k�Bt qiV]� *!GW *VqV !W 3Vi�ei7
E V}}�tI$- dU sR${ �s8� �Y�B�k
qY$R s}}�tI$- $t��BIZ{�R AsR${ $I�sR $t �s8� �Y�B�k�1d qY� �Bsj $R �B �JZ$} �Y� tB%${�
��sI�� �B ZtI��R�stI �Y� �$R� BP �Y� ��R� BP �Y� ABB,� yP kBZ IB tB� Ys%� RB8� B�Y��
As{,��BZtI $t �s8� �Y�B�k� stI s�� R��$BZR sABZ� ZtI��R�stI$t� �Y� �-}��$8�t�sj ��RZj�R
bY${Y s�� I�R{�$A�I js���� kBZ RYBZjI ��sI B�Y�� ABB,R� V �BBI $t��BIZ{�B�k ABB, wjBb
Bt 8s�YD $R *$-$� stI 7,�s�Y wd���D� �B�� 8s�Y�8s�${sj ABB,R $t{jZI� isR8ZR�t wd��;D
stI !RAB�t� stI iZA$tR��$t wd��xD� p$t�$R wd���D $t{jZI�R P��RY 8s���$sj Bt �%BjZ�$Bts�k
�Y�B�k stI �-}��$8�t�sj Is�s� stI �BtR BP }�BAj�8R� qY� Y�s%k �B8�R bY${Y s�� ZR�I
$t ��sIZs�� {jsRR�R s� }js{�R j$,� ]sj��{Y $t{jZI� 3ZI�tA��� stI q$�Bj� wd��dD�
WB�s�$BtU _jsk�� 7:R R��s���k $R I�tB��I X7� V %�{�B� BP R��s���$�R� Bt� PB� �s{Y }jsk��
$R I�tB��I X ) Xd, X1, 333Xz� qY� }s�� BP �Y$R %�{�B� bY${Y ��8B%�R }jsk�� $:R R��s���k w$����
�%��k B�Y�� }jsk��:R R��s���kD $R I�tB��I X�7� qY� Z�$j$�k BP }jsk�� $:R }skB& P�B8 }jsk$t�
X7 $R `7wX7, X�7D�1dqYst,R �B Vt��js <Zt� PB� b�$�$t� 8Z{Y BP �Y$R s}}�tI$-�
nn
E�d *B8$tst{�
*�ht$�$Bt d qY� R��s���k X7$R s IB8$tst� R��s���k $P $� $R s R��${� A�R� ��R}BtR� �B stk
P�sR$Aj� R��s���k �Ys� �Y� B�Y��R 8$�Y� }jsk
`7wX
7, X�7D k `7wX
I
7, X�7D �X�7, X
I
7W) X
7
qY� R��s���k XI7$R IB8$ts��I $P �Y��� �-$R�R XII
7; C7 RZ{Y �Ys�
`7wXII
7, X�7D k `7wX
I
7, X�7D �X�7
qY� R��s���k XI7$R b�s,jk IB8$ts��I $P �Y��� �-$R�R XII
7; C7 RZ{Y �Ys�
`7wXII
7, X�7D � `7wX
I
7, X�7D �X�7
`7wXII
7, X�7D k `7wX
I
7, X�7D PB� s� j�sR� Bt� X�7
e-s8}j� 1 ]BtR$I�� �Y� R$8}j� tB�8sjTPB�8 �s8� A�jBb� yt s tB�8sjTPB�8 ws\,\s
R��s���${TPB�8� B� 8s��$-D �s8� }jsk��R s�� }��RZ8�I �B 8B%� R$8Zj�st�BZRjk RB �Y��� $R
tB t��I �B �-}��RR �Y� B�I�� BP �Y�$� 8B%�R $t s ��s}Y${sj ���� wB� �-��tR$%�TPB�8D� es{Y
{�jj RYBbR s }s$� BP }skB&R� qY� j�P� }skB& $R PB� �Y� �Bb }jsk�� wdD stI �Y� �$�Y� $R PB�
�Y� {BjZ8t }jsk�� w1D� qY� }skB&R s�� Z�$j$�$�R PB� {BtR�JZ�t{�R� qYs� $R� $t �Y� B�$�$tsj
�s8� �Y� {BtR�JZ�t{�R 8sk A� 8Bt�k� }�$I�� ��}�BIZ{�$Bt Ak ��t�R� ����$�B�k $t bs�R�
{B8}stk }�Bh�R� }j�sRZ�� B� }s$t� V ,�k sRRZ8}�$Bt $R �Ys� }jsk��R {st �-}��RR �Y�$�
Rs�$RPs{�$Bt b$�Y �Y�R� BZ�{B8�R Bt s tZ8��${sj Z�$j$�k R{sj�� qY� R{sj� 8ZR� s� j�sR� A�
B�I$tsju $���� �Y�k bBZjI �s�Y�� Ys%� st BZ�{B8� b$�Y Z�$j$�k 1 �Yst b$�Y Z�$j$�k du stI
bY�t �-}�{��I Z�$j$�k {sj{Zjs�$BtR s�� 8sI� �Y� R{sj� 8ZR� A� {s�I$tsj w$���� ����$t� 1 $R
sR �BBI sR s {B$t 4$} A��b��t n stI dD�
_jsk�� 1
N � i
_jsk�� d = d�( d�1 (�d
* (�n (�d 1�(
3B� }jsk�� 1� R��s���k i $R R��${�jk IB8$ts��I Ak � wA�{sZR� � �$%�R s Y$�Y�� }skB&
$P }jsk�� d {YBBR�R =� 1 $tR��sI BP d� stI s Y$�Y�� }skB& $P }jsk�� 1 {YBBR�R *� d $tR��sI
BP (D� *�j��$t� R��s���k i w$���� sRRZ8$t� s �s�$Btsj }jsk�� 1 b$jj t�%�� }jsk $�D 8s,�R *
R��${�jk IB8$ts��I Ak =� Z� $P }jsk�� d }jskR =� �Y�t }jsk�� 1 RYBZjI }jsk �� qY���PB���
�Y� $���s��ITIB8$tst{� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R w=� �D�
n;
*B8$tst{� $R $8}B��st� A�{sZR� $P Z�$j$�k }skB&R s�� {B���{�jk R}�{$h�I wBt� t��I Btjk
��� �Y�$� B�I�� �$�Y�D stI }jsk��R {s�� Btjk sABZ� �Y�$� Bbt Z�$j$�k� �Y��� $R tB �BBI
��sRBt �B %$Bjs�� R��${� IB8$tst{�� !t� R��} BP $���s��I IB8$tst{� $R s `ZI�8�t� Ak
Bt� }jsk�� �Ys� �Y� B�Y�� }jsk�� b$jj tB� 8s,� s IZ8A 8$R�s,�� qY$R BP��t ��jjR s }jsk��
bYs� RY� Y��R�jP RYBZjI IB� yt �Y� �-s8}j�� }jsk�� d 8$�Y� {BtR$I�� {YBBR$t� * A�{sZR�
BP �Y� {Yst{� BP �s�t$t� �Y� 1 }skB& $t �Y� jBb�� �$�Y� w*�iD {�jj� Z� b$jj RY� �%�� �s�t
�Ys� }skB&2 !tjk $P }jsk�� 1 IB�R RB8��Y$t� bY${Y $R IB8$ts��I� yP }jsk�� d sRRZ8�R
}jsk�� 1 bBt:� IB �Ys�� RY� {st �Zj� BZ� i stI Y�� YB}� BP �s�t$t� 1 I$Rs}}�s�R� qY�t
RY� RYBZjI BA%$BZRjk {YBBR� =�
e-s8}j� n w s��j� BP �Y� 7�-�RD qY� �s8�
_jsk�� 1
N �
_jsk�� d = 1�d (�(
* (�( d�1
$R tB� IB8$tst{� RBj%sAj�� W�$�Y�� R��s���k $R IB8$tst�
wB� IB8$ts��ID PB� �$�Y�� }jsk�� A�{sZR� �Y��� $R tB Bt� R��s���k �Ys� $R sjbskR A�R�� _Z�
I$&���t�jk� �s{Y R��s���k 8$�Y� A� A�R� I�}�tI$t� Bt bYs� kBZ �Y$t, �Y� B�Y�� }��RBt b$jj
IB�
E�1 WsRY eJZ$j$A�$Z8
*�ht$�$Bt ; qY� R��s���k }�Bhj� X ) wX7, X
�7D $R s WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $P �s{Y }jsk��:R
R��s���k $R s A�R� ��R}BtR� �B �Y� B�Y�� }jsk��R: R��s���$�R� qYs� $R� tB }jsk�� YsR $t{�t�$%�
�B I�%$s��� $P tB B�Y�� }jsk�� b$jj I�%$s��� wyP }jsk��R htI �Y�8R�j%�R $t �JZ$j$A�$Z8� �Y���
$R tB ��sRBt �B 8B%� sbsk�D
`7wX
7, X
�7D � `7wX
I
7, X
�7D �X
I
77
WB�� �Ys� $P s R��s���k }�Bhj� $R st $���s��ITwR��${�D IB8$tst{� �JZ$j$A�$Z8� �Y�t $� $R s
WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8� qY$R $R tB� ��Z� BP �JZ$j$A�$s bY${Y s�� {��s��I Ak $���s��I s}}j${s�$Bt
BP b�s, IB8$tst{��
e-s8}j� x w s��j� BP �Y� 7�-�RD 7Bj%$t� PB� }Z�� R��s���k WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8U
nx
_jsk�� 1
N i
_jsk�� d = 1�d (�(
* (�( d�1
yP _jsk�� d }jskR =� 1:R A�R� ��R}BtR� $R N� yP _jsk�� d }jskR *� 1:R A�R� ��R}BtR� $R
i� yP _jsk�� 1 }jskR N� d:R A�R� ��R}BtR� $R = stI $P 1 }jskR i� d:R A�R� ��R}BtR� $R *�
qY���PB��� = $R s A�R� ��R}BtR� �B N stI N $R s A�R� ��R}BtR� �B =� N$,�b$R�� * $R s A�R�
��R}BtR� �B i stI i $R s A�R� ��R}BtR� �B *U _Z�� R��s���k We s�� w=�ND stI w*�iD�
E�n �$-�I 7��s���$�R
V 8$-�I R��s���k PB� }jsk�� 7 $R s }�BAsA$j$�k I$R��$AZ�$Bt B%�� sjj �Y� R��s���$�R $t C7
e-s8}j� E w s��j� BP �Y� 7�-�RD 7Bj%$t� PB� 8$-�I R��s���k WsRY �JZ$jA�$Z8U
_jsk�� 1
N i
_jsk�� d = 1�d (�(
* (�( d�1
7Z}}BR� _jsk�� d }jskR = b$�Y }�BAsA$j$�k } stI * b$�Y }�BAsA$j$�k dT} stI }jsk�� 1
}jskR N b$�Y }�BAsA$j$�k J stI i b$�Y }�BAsA$j$�k dTJ�
qY�t �Y� �-}�{��I %sjZ� �B 1 P�B8 }jsk$t� N $R
d�L (wd� �D
stI �Y� �-}�{��I %sjZ� �B 1 P�B8 }jsk$t� i $R
(�L 1wd� �D
_jsk�� 1 $R $tI$&���t� $&
d�L (wd� �D ) (�L 1wd� �D
B�
� )1
n
nE
qY� �-}�{��I %sjZ� �B d P�B8 }jsk$t� = $R
1R L (wd� RD
stI �Y� �-}�{��I %sjZ� P�B8 }jsk$t� * $R
(R L dwd� RD
_jsk�� d $R $tI$&���t� $&
1R L (wd� RD ) (R L dwd� RD
B�
R )d
n
VR s ��RZj�� s }s$� BP wb�s,D A�R� ��R}BtR�R {BtR�$�Z��R s 8$-�I R��s���k �JZ$j$A�$Z8UDw1nJ, d
n;D, wd
nU, 1
npD
i
�$-�ITR��s���k �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R s {Z�$BZR {Bt{�}�� yt��BIZ{$t� 8$-�I R��s���$�R 8s,�R �Y�
R}s{� BP }skB&R {Bt%�- w$���� PB� stk �bB }B$t�R $t �Y� R}s{�� sjj }B$t�R $t A��b��t s��
$t �Y� R}s{� �BBD� bY${Y $R t�{�RRs�k �B �Zs�st��� �-$R��t{� BP s WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 w$t
ht$�� �s8�RD� pZs�st���I �-$R��t{� $R s A�sZ�$PZj �Y$t� stI $R }s�� BP bYs� 8s,�R �s8�
�Y�B�k }�BIZ{�$%�U 3B� stk wht$��D �s8� kBZ b�$�� IBbt� kBZ {st A� RZ�� �B htI st
�JZ$j$A�$Z8� qY$R 8�stR �Ys� s }Bj${k stsjkR� B� R{$�t�$R� ��k$t� �B }��I${� bYs� b$jj
Ys}}�t b$jj sjbskR Ys%� RB8��Y$t� {Bt{���� �B Rsk�
<Bb�%��� �Y� A�Ys%$B�sj $t���}���s�$Bt BP 8$-$t� R��s���$�R $R IZA$BZR� k I�ht$�$Bt�
s }jsk�� Btjk I�R$��R �B 8$- bY�t RY� $R $tI$&���t� s8Bt� }Z�� R��s���$�R� bY${Y 8�stR
RY� IB�R tB� wR��${�jkD I�R$�� �B 8$- b$�Y }s��${Zjs� }�BAsA$j$�$�R� RY� `ZR� IB�Rt:� {s��
bYs� RY� IB�R� 3Z��Y��8B��� Bt� }jsk��:R �JZ$j$A�$Z8 8$-�Z�� }�BAsA$j$�$�R I�}�tI Btjk
Bt �Y� B�Y�� }jsk��:R }skB&R bY${Y $R BII� V 8BI��t $t���}���s�$Bt BP 8$-�ITR��s���k
�JZ$j$A�$Z8 w{sjj�I X}Z�$h{s�$Bt"D $R �Ys� Bt� }jsk�� 8$�Y� s}}�s� �B A� 8$-$t� AZ�
$R s{�Zsjjk {YBBR$t� s }Z�� R��s���k {BtI$�$Btsj Bt RB8� YZt{Y %s�$sAj� �Y�k }�$%s��jk
BAR��%�� �s�Y�8s�${sjjk� �Y$R bB�,R �Y� Rs8� bsku sR jBt� sR �s{Y }jsk��:R A�j$�P sABZ�
�Y� B�Y�� }jsk��R: {YB${� 8s�{Y�R �Y� }��I${��I }�BAsA$j$�$�R� �Y� 8$-�I �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R s
8Z�Zsj A�R�T��R}BtR� }B$t�� ]Ys}��� 1 �$%�R 8B�� I��s$j�
n�
e-s8}j� � V �Y���TR��s���k �-s8}j�
_jsk�� 1
N w�D � wRD i wdT�TRD
_jsk�� d q w}D n(�n( x(�;( d((�nx
� wJD ;(�x( ;x�;x d(�E(
wdT}TJD nx�d(( E(�d( (�(
_jsk�� dU
n(� L x(XL d((wd� � � XD ) ;(� L ;xXL d(wd� � � XD ) nx� L E(XL (wd� � � XD
B�
� )11
Mn
X )xE
Mn
d� � � X )x
Mn
�{sZR� �Y� �s8� $R Rk88���${�
� ) � )11
Mn
R ) X )xE
Mn
d� �� R ) d� � � X )x
Mn
E�; ]BtR�st�TRZ8 �s8�R
yt s {BtR�st�TRZ8 �s8�� �Y� RZ8 BP �Y� }skB&R BP �Y� }jsk��R $R {BtR�st� s{�BRR BZ�{B8�R�
]BtR�st�TRZ8 �s8�R s�� s{�Zsjjk �-���8�jk �s�� A�{sZR� �%�t bY�t �Y� RZ8 BP }YkR${sj
}skB&R $R {BtR�st� wj$,� As��s$t$t� B%�� 8Bt�k B� PBBITRYs�$t�D �Y� }jsk��R: Z�$j$�$�R
}�BAsAjk IB tB� sII �B s {BtR�st�� 3B� �bBT}��RBt� {BtR�st� RZ8 �s8�R� 8$t$8s-�
8s-$8$t stI WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 sjj R�j�{� �Y� Rs8� R��s���k�
*�ht$�$Bt M qY� R��s���k X7$R s 8s-$8$t R��s���k $P $� 8s-$8$9�R 7:R 8$t$8Z8 }BRR$Aj�
}skB&U �Ys� $R�
X7) s��8s-
X7
}8$tX�7
`7
]
nM
*�ht$�$Bt � qY� R��s���k X7$R s 8$t$8s- R��s���k $P $� 8$t$8$9�R �Y� B�Y�� }jsk��R:
8s-$8Z8 }BRR$Aj� }skB&U �Ys� $R�
X7) s��8$t
X7
}8s-X�7
`�7
]
e-s8}j� d( w�s�{Y$t� _�tt$�RD
_jsk�� 1
N i
_jsk�� d = d�( (�d
* (�d d�(
yP �Y� �s8� $R �-}stI�I �B $t{jZI� 8$-�I R��s���$�R� �Y�t
�Y� 8s-$8$t R��s���k PB� �Y� �Bb }jsk�� d $R �B �stIB8$9� �JZsjjk B%�� = stI *� bY${Y
�$%�R st �-}�{��I Z�$j$�k BP �x PB� AB�Y N stI i� <�t{�� �x $R �Y� 8s-$8$t %sjZ�� y� $R sjRB
�Y� 8$t$8s- R��s���k A�{sZR� $� �Zs�st���R �Ys� �Y� {BjZ8t }jsk�� 1 8s,�R tB 8B�� �Yst
�x w$t �-}�{��I Z�$j$�kD� y� $R sjRB �Y� Zt$JZ� WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8�
yt {BtR�st�TRZ8 �s8�R� 8$t$8s- $R s Y�Z�$R�${ bsk BP ��R}�{�$t� �Y� Ps{� �Ys� �Y� B�Y��
}jsk��:R A�R� ��R}BtR$%�t�RR wsR $t WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8D b$jj t�{�RRs�$jk �$%� kBZ �Y� jBb�R�
}skB&� A�{sZR� �Y� }jsk��R: $t����R�R s�� R��${�jk B}}BR�I� yP kBZ A�R� ��R}BtI� y:jj ���
�Y� j�sR�� 8k A�R� ��R}BtR� �B �Ys� j$,�j$YBBI $R �B 8s-$8$9� �Y� j�sR� y {st ����
E�x e-��tR$%�TPB�8 �s8�R stI $tPB�8s�$Bt R��R
Vt �-��tR$%�TPB�8 �s8� $R ZR�I �B 8BI�j �s8�R bY��� �Y��� $R s R}�{$h{ B�I�� BP 8B%�R�
Vt �-��tR$%�TPB�8 �s8� $R wdD s {Bth�Z�s�$Bt BP tBI�R stI A�st{Y�R �Ztt$t� b$�YBZ�
stk {jBR�I jBB}R P�B8 s R$t�j� w�BB�D R�s��$t� tBI� �B $�R �tI w���8$tsjD tBI�R� w1D st
$tI${s�$Bt BP bY${Y tBI� A�jBt�R �B �s{Y }jsk��� wnD }�BAsA$j$�$�R �Ys� Xts�Z��" wst
BZ�R$I� PB�{�D ZR�R �B {YBBR� A�st{Y�R s� �stIB8 tBI�R� w;D {Bjj�{�$BtR BP tBI�R bY${Y
s�� {sjj�I $tPB�8s�$Bt R��R� stI w;D Z�$j$�k }skB&R s� �s{Y �tI tB���
*�ht$�$Bt dd Vt $tPB�8s�$Bt R�� PB� s }jsk�� $R s {Bjj�{�$Bt BP I�{$R$Bt tBI�R Rs�$RPkT
$t�U
d� �Y� }jsk�� YsR �Y� 8B%� s� �%��k tBI� $t �Y� $tPB�8s�$Bt R��� stI
1� bY�t �Y� }jsk BP �Y� �s8� ��s{Y�R s tBI� $t �Y� $tPB�8s�$Bt R��� �Y� }jsk�� b$�Y
�Y� 8B%� IB�R tB� ,tBb bY${Y tBI� $t �Y� $tPB�8s�$Bt R�� YsR A��t ��s{Y�I
n�
E�E 7ZA�s8� _��P�{�$Bt
Vt �JZ$j$A�$Z8 PB� st �-��tR$%�TPB�8 �s8� R}�{$h�R bYs� �s{Y }jsk�� b$jj IB s� �s{Y
$tPB�8s�$Bt R��� �%�t �YBR� tB� ��s{Y�I� 7ZA�s8� }��P�{�$Bt $8}BR�R �Y� PZ��Y�� ��R��${T
�$Bt �Ys� }jsk��R b$jj s{�Zsjjk }jsk �Y�$� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 R��s���k $P �Y� RZA�s8� $R ��s{Y�I�
wV RZA�s8� $R �Y� {Bt�$tZs�$Bt �s8� P�B8 s R$t�j��Bt tBI�u $���� s tBI� bY${Y YsR tB
B�Y�� tBI�R $t $�R $tPB�8s�$Bt R��u �B �Y� �tI tBI�R bY${Y PBjjBb P�B8 �Ys� tBI��D yt
8k %$�b� �Y$R X��ht�8�t�" BP WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 R$8}jk }s�{Y�R Z} st B8$RR$Bt $t WsRY:R
{Bt{�}�� bY${Y bsR tB� �%$I�t� Zt�$j �Y�B�$R�R A��st �Y$t,$t� sABZ� �-��tR$%�TPB�8 ����R
�s�Y�� �Yst 8s��${�RD�
e-s8}j� d1 �$t$TZj�$8s�Z8 �s8�
_jsk�� 1
_jsk�� d e x�x
V i
= M�1 (�(
yt �Y$R 8$t$TZj�$8s�Z8 �s8�� }jsk�� d 8B%�R h�R� stI B&��R st �%�t weD R}j$� BP d(�
}sk$t� wx�xD� B� B&��R st Zt�%�t w=D R}j$�� yP e $R {YBR�t� �Y� �s8� �tIR stI AB�Y
}jsk��R �s�t x� yP = $R {YBR�t� }jsk�� 1 $R XBt �Y� 8B%�" stI {st {YBBR� �B s{{�}� wVD�
$t bY${Y {sR� }jsk�� d ���R M stI }jsk�� 1 ���R 1� B� {st ��`�{� wiD� $t bY${Y {sR� AB�Y
��� tB�Y$t��
qY� R��s���k }�Bhj� we� iv=D $R s WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 A�{sZR� $� R}�{$h�R 8B%�R s�
�s{Y tBI�� stI R��s���$�R s��u ��{Yt${sjjku A�R� ��R}BtR�R� yP }jsk�� d st�${$}s��R �Ys�
}jsk�� 1 b$jj {YBBR� i sP��� s 8B%� BP =� �Y�t }jsk�� d RYBZjI {YBBR� e �B �s�t x� VtI $P
}jsk�� d $R �B$t� �B {YBBR� e� $� 8s,�R tB I$&���t{� bYs� }jsk�� 1 IB�Ru X}jstt$t�" �B
��R}BtI b$�Y i �B = $R tB� }�tsj$9�I A�{sZR�� $t �JZ$j$A�$Z8� }jsk�� 1 $R t�%�� {sjj�I Z}Bt
�B s{�Zsjjk }jsk� _jsk$t� = sP��� i $R s b�s, A�R� ��R}BtR� A�{sZR� $t �Y$R �JZ$j$A�$Z8
i t�%�� ��RZj�R� 7ZA�s8� }��P�{�$Bt ��JZ$��R �Ys� $P �Y� = tBI� $R ��s{Y�I� �Y�t }jsk��
1:R RZAR�JZ�t� R��s���k 8ZR� A� s A�R� ��R}BtR�� Z� R$t{� i �s�tR ( PB� }jsk�� 1 stI
V �s�tR 1� �Y� A�R� ��R}BtR� $t �Y� RZA�s8� bY${Y ��RZj�R bY�t }jsk�� d {YBBR�R = $R
�B }jsk V� Vt�${$}s�$t� �Y$R� }jsk�� d RYBZjI {YBBR� =� qY���PB��� w=�Vv=D $R s WsRY
�JZ$j$A�$Z8 stI $R sjRB RZA�s8� }��P�{��
;(
E�� sk�RTWsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8
yt �s8�R BP $t{B8}j��� $tPB�8s�$Bt� s� j�sR� Bt� }jsk�� $R Zt{���s$t sABZ� �Y� B�Y��
}jsk��R: }skB& PZt{�$BtwRD� qY$R $R ��sI$�$Btsjjk ��}��R�t��I wsP��� <s�Rstk$D Ak Ys%$t�
Xts�Z��" 8B%� s� �Y� A��$tt$t� BP �Y� �s8� stI I����8$t� s }jsk��:R X�k}�"� _jskT
��R BAR��%� �Y�$� Bbt �k}�R AZ� tB� �Y� �k}�R BP B�Y��R� wyt PB�8sj ���8R� �Y� }jsk��
bYB ,tBbR Y�� �k}� ,tBbR bY${Y A�st{Y �8sts�$t� P�B8 �Y� R�s�� tBI� ts�Z�� {YBR��
qY� }jsk�� bYB IB�R tB� ,tBb �Y� B�Y�� }jsk��:R �k}� YsR st $tPB�8s�$Bt R�� {Bt�s$t$t�
tBI�R bY${Y �8sts�� P�B8 AB�Y A�st{Y�R PBjjBb$t� P�B8 �Y� R�s�� tBI��D <Bb�%��� �Y�
}�BAsA$j$�k I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �k}�R $R {B88Bt ,tBbj�I�� w�Y� X{B88Bt }�$B�" sRRZ8}T
�$BtD� sk�R$stTWsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 sIIR �bB P�s�Z��R �B WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8U w$D VjBt� �Y�
�JZ$j$A�$Z8 }s�Y w$���� PB� sjj 8B%�R bY${Y B{{Z� $t �JZ$j$A�$Z8 b$�Y }BR$�$%� }�BAsA$jT
$�kD� }jsk��R 8ZR� Z}Is�� �Y�$� A�j$�PR sABZ� }jsk�� �k}�R ZR$t� sk�R: �Zj�� sk�R: �Zj�
R�s��R �Ys� h wI7/;D ) h w;/I7Dh wI7Db�
z
>) dh w;/I>Dh wI>D bY��� I7 s�� t I$&��T
�t� Yk}B�Y�R�R w����� }BRR$Aj� }jsk�� �k}�RD stI * $R �Y� BAR��%�I Is�s w����� s }jsk��:R
8B%�D� w$$D !& �Y� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 }s�Y w$���� sP��� 8B%�R bY${Y t�%�� B{{Z�� $t �JZ$j$A�$Z8D�
}jsk��R RYBZjI Ys%� RB8� A�j$�P sABZ� }jsk�� �k}�R� WB�� b�jj �Ys� sk�R: �Zj� IB�R tB�
��R��${� bYs� �Y�R� A�j$�PR RYBZjI A�� A�{sZR� st B&T}s�Y 8B%� YsR }�BAsA$j$�k 9��B w$����
h w;/I7D ) (�I7D RB �Ys� �Y� I�tB8$ts�B� BP �Y� Z}Is�$t� �JZs�$Bt $R 9��B �Y� sk�R:
�Zj� �B�R Bt �Y� P�$�9� <�t{�� sk�R$stTWsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $8}BR�R �Y� 8$t$8sj sT sk�R$st
��R��${�$Bt Bt bYs� B&T}s�Y A�j$�PR RYBZjI A�u ts8�jk� �Y�k RYBZjI A� RB8��Y$t� � qY$R
R$8}jk �Zj�R BZ� �Y� }BRR$A$j$�k �Ys� }jsk��R b$jj %$Bjs�� IB8$tst{� sP��� BAR��%$t� st
B&T}s�Y 8B%��
� q��8Aj$t� <stI _��P�{�$Bt
7�j��t wd�E�D RZ���R��I s {j�%�� bsk �B RZA`�{� B&T�JZ$j$A�$Z8T}s�Y A�j$�PR �B �Y� I$RT
{$}j$t� BP sk�R: �Zj�� {sjj�I X���8Aj$t� YstI }��P�{�$Bt"� qY� $I�s $R �B RZ}}BR� �Ys�
�%�t $t st �JZ$j$A�$Z8� �Y��� $R s R8sjj {Yst{� �Ys� s }jsk��:R YstI ���8Aj�R bY�t RY�
{YBBR�R� RB �Ys� sjj }s�YR �Y�BZ�Y �Y� ���� s�� �s,�t b$�Y }BR$�$%� }�BAsA$j$�k� qY�t
sk�R: �Zj� {st A� ZR�I �B Z}Is�� A�j$�PR� V ���8Aj$t�TYstI }��P�{� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R �Y�
j$8$� BP �Y� sk�R$stTWsRY �JZ$j$A�$s b$�Y ���8Aj$t�� sR �Y� ���8Aj� }�BAsA$j$�k �B�R
�B 9��B� �stk B�Y��R Ys%� RZ���R��I PZ��Y�� ��ht�8�t�R bY${Y ��k �B {BI$Pk� jB�${sjjk�
bYs� RB�� BP A�j$�PR sP��� B&T}s�Y 8B%�R R��8 $t�Z$�$%� B� R�tR$Aj�� 7�JZ�t�$sj �JZ$j$AT
;d
�$Z8 w���}R stI G$jRBt� d�M1D $R s ,$RR$t� {BZR$t BP ���8Aj$t�TYstI }��P�{�$Bt stI $R
��t��${sjjk �Y� Rs8� w$���� �Y� Btjk �s8�R $t bY${Y �Y� �bB I$&�� s�� ,t$P�T�I�� {sR�R�
$t s bsk �Ys� {st A� 8sI� 8s�Y�8s�${sjjk }��{$R�D� �k��RBt wd�--D RZ���R��I �Ys� �Y�
���8Aj� }�BAsA$j$�$�R RYBZjI A� R8sjj�� bY�t }skB& I$&���t{� A��b��t �JZ$j$A�$Z8 stI
tBt�JZ$j$A�$Z8 R��s���$�R s�� js����� j�sI$t� �B s {Bt{�}� BP X}�B}��" �JZ$j$A�$Z8� 7B8�
B�Y�� ��ht�8�t�R s�� I$R{ZRR�I $t {Ys}��� M� Bt R$�tsj$t� �s8�R�
��d +Zst�sjT��R}BtR� �JZ$j$A�$Z8
yt s JZst�sjT��R}BtR� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 w+ieD� }jsk��R IB tB� {YBBR� �Y� A�R� ��R}BtR� b$�Y
}�BAsA$j$�k Bt� wsR $t WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8D� ytR��sI� �Y�k XA�����T��R}BtI"� stI {YBBR�
��R}BtR�R b$�Y Y$�Y�� �-}�{��I }skB&R b$�Y Y$�Y�� }�BAsA$j$�k� yt }�s{�${�� �Y� +ie
BP��t ZR�R s jB�$� B� �-}Bt�t�$s��I }skB& ��R}BtR� PZt{�$BtU
h wX7D ) �?�w3X�7
h wX�7D`7wX7, X�7DDb
3X>
�?�w3X�7
h wX�7D`7wX>, X�7DD
bY��� �-}w-D I�tB��R �? stI �Y� RZ8R s�� �s,�t B%�� sjj R��s���$�R PB� Ty wsjj B�Y��
}jsk��RD stI y� yt�Z$�$%�jk� +ie RskR �Ys� }jsk��R h- s R��s���k stI PB�8 A�j$�PR sABZ�
bYs� B�Y��R b$jj IB wh wX�7DD� stI {B8}Z�� �-}�{��I }skB& �$%�t �YBR� A�j$�PR� �s,$t�
�Y$R {sj{Zjs�$Bt PB� �s{Y R��s���k �$%�R s }�Bhj� BP �-}�{��I }skB&R PB� �s{Y }BRR$Aj�
R��s���k� qY�t }jsk�� y A�����T��R}BtIR Ak {YBBR$t� tB$R$jk s{{B�I$t� �B �Y� R��s���$�R:
�-}�{��I }skB&R� qY� }s�s8���� $R s 8�sRZ�� BP �Y�$� R�tR$�$%$�k �B I$&���t{�R $t
�-}�{��I }skB&R�11 WB�� �Ys� R$t{� }jsk�� y $R {sj{Zjs�$t� h wX7D� stI B�Y��R s�� �BB�
�Y� RkR��8 BP �JZs�$BtR $R ��{Z�R$%�U V }jsk��:R A�Ys%$B� I����8$t�R �-}�{��I }skB&R�
bY${Y I����8$t� B�Y�� }jsk��R: A�Ys%$B�� GY�t ) (� }jsk��R `ZR� {YBBR� �s{Y R��s���k
b$�Y �Y� Rs8� �JZsj }�BAsA$j$�k� VR �$R�R� �Y�k A�{B8� 8B�� stI 8B�� ��R}BtR$%��
{Bt%���$t� �B WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $t bY${Y �Y�k sjbskR {YBBR� �Y� A�R� ��R}BtR��1n qYZR�
WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 $R s ,$tI BP XYk}����R}BtR$%�" +ie� y bBtI�� bY��Y�� WsRY bBZjI
Ys%� �YBZ�Y� BP +ie $P Y� YsI A��t s R�s�$R�${$st �s�Y�� �Yst s 8s�Y�8s�${$st2
11pB���� stI <Bj�� d���� ZR� db $tR��sI �B �8}YsR$9� �Y�$� $t���}���s�$Bt BP �Y� tB$R� sR {B8}ZT
�s�$Btsj 8$R�s,�R� bY�t $R js��� �Y� 8$R�s,� �s�� $R Y$�Y stI }jsk��R s�� %��k $tR�tR$�$%�� stI %${�
%��Rs�1nqY$R $R tB� JZ$�� ��Z�� ��{Yt${sjjk� qY� j$8$� BP s R�JZ�t{� BP +ieR sR $t{��sR�R {st {Bt%���� �B
RB8��Y$t� bY${Y $R tB� s WsRY �JZ$j$A�$Z8 wR�� �{��j%�k stI _sjP��k� d��xD�
;1
M V}}�tI$- 1U e-}��$8�t�sj I�R$�t
qY� bsk $t bY${Y st �-}��$8�t� $R {BtIZ{��I $R ZtA�j$�%sAjk $8}B��st�� FZR� sR sjj
�YB�BZ�YA��I �s{�YB�R�R s�� I�R{�tI�I P�B8 PBZ� YB�R�R� 8BR� V8��${st �-}��$8�t�sj
�{BtB8${R A��st $t �Y� d�E(R stI �(R s� s R8sjj tZ8A�� BP $tR�$�Z�$BtR w}s��${Zjs�jk
]sj��{Y� V�$9Bts� _$��RAZ��Y� _Z�IZ�� stI q�-sR Vm�D stI ���b RjBbjk� wV R$8$js�
�&B�� B{{Z���I $t }s�sjj�j $t p��8stk�D VR s ��RZj�� �Y� �-}��$8�t�sj {B88Zt$�k $R
�$�Y�T,t$� stI YsR �R�sAj$RY�I {j�s� {Bt%�t�$BtR PB� �-}��$8�t�sj }�s{�${� bY${Y }��8$�
s Y$�Y I����� BP {B8}s�sA$j$�k s{�BRR Is�s R��R� 78$�Y wd��ED $R st �s�jk �Zj�ABB, bY${Y
sjRB RZ88s�$9�R 8stk ���Zjs�$�$�R� 3B� �-s8}j�� 8BR� s��${j�R $t{jZI� �sb Is�s stI
$tR��Z{�$BtR �B �tsAj� ��sI��R �B `ZI�� PB� �Y�8R�j%�R bYs� bsR j�s�t�I� wyP kBZ sR,�I s
}Rk{YBjB�$R� PB� Is�s B� $tR��Z{�$BtR �Y�k 8$�Y� A� $tRZj��I� A�{sZR� �Y� {Bt%�t�$Bt $t
�Ys� h�jI $R �B �$%� �Y� b�$��� �Y� A�t�h� BP �Y� IBZA��D
qY$R V}}�tI$- R,��{Y�R RB8� $8}B��st� I�R$�t {YB${�R� qB j�s�t 8B��� R�� 3�$�I8st
stI 7ZtI�� wd��nD� *s%$R stI <Bj� wd��nD� stI �s��j stI iB�Y wd��xD�
M�d ]Bt��Bj� 8�sRZ��� sRRZ8�
Vtk %s�$sAj� {st A� �%sjZs��I $t Bt� BP �Y��� bskRU ]Bt��Bj� 8�sRZ��8�t�� B� sRRZ8}T
�$Bt�
]Bt��Bj 8�stR �s,$t� st s{�$Bt �B s&�{� �Y� %sjZ� BP s %s�$sAj�� BP��t b$�Y s X8sT
t$}Zjs�$Bt {Y�{," �B A� RZ�� �Y� {Bt��Bj bB�,�I� ytIZ{�I %sjZ� $R st $8}B��st� ,$tI BP
{Bt��Bj bY${Y {��s��R }��P���t{�R PB� s{�$BtR Ak sRRB{$s�$t� �YBR� s{�$BtR b$�Y }skB&R $t
s {Z���t{k �Ys� RZA`�{�R %sjZ� w�k}${sjjk� 8Bt�k� AZ� RB8��$8�R ��sI� }B$t�R� �st,$t�
BP }B$t�R �s�t�I� stI RB PB��YD� ��sRZ��8�t� ��P��R �B R$8}jk 8�sRZ�$t� �Y� %sjZ� BP
s ��j�%st� %s�$sAj�� �Y�BZ�Y }Rk{YB8���${ 8�sRZ��R wX*�R{�$A� YBb st��k kBZ s�� bY�t
RB8�Bt� B&��R kBZ c1 BZ� BP cd(2"D� 8��YBIR PB� 8�sRZ�$t� �$R,Ts%��R$Bt w����� {���s$t�jkT
�JZ$%sj�t�RD B� }�BAsA$j$�k `ZI�8�t�R wR{B�$t� �Zj�RD� qk}�R BP 8�sRZ��8�t� bY${Y s��
j�RR Ps8$j$s� $t �{BtB8${R� AZ� bB��Y �-}jB�$t�� $t{jZI� {Bt��t� stsjkR$R BP %$I�B�s}�R�
}YkR$BjB�${sj 8�sRZ��R j$,� Y�s���s�� B� �sj%st${ R,$t ��R}BtR�� $tPB�8s�$Bt s{JZ$R$�$Bt
wR�� ]BR�sTpB8�R �� sj� d���� $t {Ys}��� xD� stI �%�t P�iy A�s$t $8s�$t� w78$�Y �� sj�
1(((D�
;n
VRRZ8}�$Bt $R }R�ZIBT{Bt��Bj $t bY${Y �Y� �-}��$8�t��� $R b$jj$t� �B s{{�}� s 8s$tT
�s$t�I Yk}B�Y�R$R sABZ� �Y� %sjZ� BP s %s�$sAj��
VR st $jjZR��s�$Bt BP sjj �Y��� 8��YBIR� {BtR$I�� �Y� {jsRR${ �{BtB8${ �-}��$8�t�R $t
bY${Y s��t�R s�� �tIBb�I b$�Y {BR�R stI %sjZs�$BtR PB� st BA`�{�� stI Bt� bBZjI j$,� �B
��R� �Y�B�$�R BP {B8}��$�$%� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 w]eD bY${Y }��I${� �Ys� }�${�R b$jj {Bt%���� �B
�Y� }B$t� bY��� RZ}}jk 8���R I�8stI� !t� R��s���k $R �B YstI BZ� �%��kIsk BA`�{�R� j$,�
]* ��{B�I$t�R B� {B&�� 8Z�R� stI 8s,� st sRRZ8}�$Bt sABZ� YBb 8Z{Y RZA`�{�R %sjZ�
�Y�8� qY$R $R s AsI I�R$�t A�{sZR� ]e }��I${�$BtR s�� %��k R�tR$�$%� �B �Y� %sjZs�$BtR
BP 8s��$tsj ��sI��R� stI �Y� %sjZs�$BtR s�� tB� j$,�jk �B A� b�jjTZtI��R�BBI Ak �-}��T
$8�t���R�1; VtB�Y�� R��s���k $R �B 8�sRZ�� %sjZs�$BtR PB� �s{Y $tI$%$IZsj wZR$t�� Rsk�
�Y� $t{�t�$%�T{B8}s�$Aj� �{,��T*�p�BB�T�s�R{Ys, }�B{�IZ��D stI �Y�t sRRZ8� �YBR�
8�sRZ��I %sjZs�$BtR ��}��R�t� �Y� RZA`�{�R: {BR�R stI ��R��%s�$Bt }�${�R stI {BtR��Z{�
I�8stI stI RZ}}jk {Z�%�R P�B8 �Y� 8�sRZ��8�t�R� qY$R $R s I�P�tR$Aj� }�B{�IZ�� AZ�
YsR �s��jk A��t ZR�I wR�� �t�9 stI 78$�Y� d�M�D� V �Y$�I R��s���k $R �B X$tIZ{�" B� {BtT
��Bj %sjZs�$BtR Ak 8s,$t� �Y� BA`�{�R BP ��sI� %sjZ�j�RR �B,�tR� stI ��jj$t� RZA`�{�R �Ys�
�Y�k {st ��sI� �B,�tR PB� R}�{$h{ 8Bt�k %sjZ�R� qY$R PB�8 BP $tIZ{�I %sjZs�$Bt� h�R�
ZR�I Ak ]Ys8A��j$t wd�;MD stI �$��j�RRjk ��ht�I Ak z��tBt 78$�Y A��$tt$t� $t d�xE�
$R RZ��jk �Y� {�Z- 8B%� $t �Y� I�%�jB}8�t� BP �-}��$8�t�sj �{BtB8${R� 78$�Y:R js���
$tR$R��t{� Bt s{�Zsjjk �k$t� 8Bt�k }sk8�t�R �B �Y� $tIZ{�I %sjZs�$BtR j�I �B {��I$A$j$�k
s8Bt� tBt�-}��$8�t���R� stI ��j$sA$j$�k $t s{�Zsj A�Ys%$B� bY${Y �tsAj�I �-}jB�s�$Bt BP
�-���8�jk RZA�j� Yk}B�Y�R�R stI �s}$I }�B���RR�
M�1 ytR��Z{�$BtR
ytR��Z{�$BtR ��jj RZA`�{�R bYs� �Y�k t��I �B ,tBb� y� $R R{$�t�$h{sjjk %��k ZR�PZj �B Ys%�
s {j�s� $tR��Z{�$Btsj XR{�$}�" bY${Y �tsAj�R }��{$R� ��}j${s�$Bt� }s��${Zjs�jk s{�BRR RZAT
`�{� }BBjR bYB 8sk %s�k $t jst�Zs�� {B8}��Y�tR$Bt� BA�I$�t{�� $t��$tR${ 8B�$%s�$Bt� ��{�
w_��{$R� ��}j${s�$Bt $R RZ�}�$R$t�jk �s�� $t B�Y�� RB{$sj R{$�t{�R� $t }Rk{YBjB�k PB� �-s8T
}j��D i�sI$t� $tR��Z{�$BtR BZ� jBZI $R s {B88Bt }�s{�${� �B �R�sAj$RY X}ZAj${ ,tBbj�I��"
1;V A�sZ�$PZj �-{�}�$Bt� bY${Y }�B%�R �Y� �Zj�� $R �Y� �sYt�8st� �t��R{Y� qYsj�� wd��(D �-}��$8�t�R
b$�Y {B&�� 8Z�R� $t bY${Y �Y�k b��� tB� $t����R��I $t }�${�R s� sjj� AZ� Btjk $t �Y� JZst�$�k BP ��sI�� stI
$t RYBb$t� �Ys� s%��R$Bt �B jBRR�R {��s��R st X�tIBb8�t� �&�{�" bY${Y $R }��R�t� b$�Y �%��kIsk BA`�{�
stI tB� b$�Y $tIZ{�I %sjZ� �B,�tR� qY�k b��� sAj� �B ZR� �%��kIsk BA`�{�R A�{sZR� �Y�k I$I tB� {s��
sABZ� �Y� j�%�j BP YB8�8sI� %sjZs�$BtR� AZ� Btjk t��I�I �B sRRZ8� �Ys� 8�st %sjZs�$BtR b��� R$8$js�
$t Rs8}j�R �Ys� I$I stI I$I tB� ��{�$%� 8Z�R�
;;
wbYs� RZA`�{�R ,tBb �%��kBt� �jR� YsR A��t �BjI� stI bYs� �%��kBt� �jR� ,tBbR �%��kBt�
�jR� YsR A��t �BjI� ��{�D� bY${Y $R sR {jBR� sR b� {st }�s{�${sjjk {B8� �B �Y� {B88Bt
,tBbj�I�� ZRZsjjk sRRZ8�I $t �s8� �Y�B�k� ytR��Z{�$BtR PB� Zj�$8s�Z8� A�sZ�k {Bt��R��
stI {Bt�$t�t�sj I$%$I� �s8�R s�� �$%�t s� �Y� �tI BP �Y$R {Ys}���� �B 8s,� $� �sRk PB�
$tR��Z{�B�R �B �Zt �Y�R� �s8�R $t s {jsRR�
qY� B%��bY�j8$t� {Bt%�t�$Bt $t 8BI��t w}BR�Td��xD �s8� �Y�B�k �-}��$8�t�R $R �B
�-}js$t YBb �s{Y R�JZ�t{� BP 8B%�R Ak �s{Y }jsk�� j�sIR �B }skB&R w$t{jZI$t� }skB&R �B
B�Y�� RZA`�{�R� stI sjRB $t{jZI$t� sRk88���${ $tPB�8s�$Bt s js <s�Rstk$D� qY$R }�s{�${�
s�BR� A�{sZR� �-}��$8�t���R bst��I �B A� RZ�� �Ys� RZA`�{�R YsI �tBZ�Y $tPB�8s�$Bt �B
{B8}Z�� st �JZ$j$A�$Z8� wes�j$�� �-}��$8�t�R Bt 8s�,��R I�j$A��s��jk b$�YY�jI $tPB�8sT
�$Bt sABZ� %sjZ�R BP B�Y��R� �B ��R� �Y� VIs8 78$�Y\<sk�, Yk}B�Y�R$R �Ys� �%�t $P }jsk��R
Btjk ,t�b �Y�$� Bbt %sjZ�R �Y�k {BZjI {Bt%���� �B _s���BT�^{$�t� �JZ$j$A�$Z8�D �B��
��{�t�jk� j�s�t$t� 8BI�jR Ys%� A��t }�B}BR�I bY${Y IB tB� sjbskR sRRZ8� }jsk��R Ys%�
{B8}j��� ,tBbj�I�� BP sjj }BRR$Aj� }skB&R� VR st �8}$�${sj 8s����� $� $R JZ$�� $t����R�$t�
�B ,tBb YBb }�B}j� j�s�t $t �Y�R� �t%$�Bt8�t�R wR$t{� }jsk��R 8sk Ys%� }BB� $tPB�8s�$Bt
sABZ� }skB&R $t 8stk ts�Z�sjjkTB{{Z��$t� R$�Zs�$BtRD� 7B RB8� ��{�t� �-}��$8�t�R Ys%�
I�j$A��s��jk b$�YY�jI $tPB�8s�$Bt sABZ� }skB&R P�B8 �Y� $tR��Z{�$BtR w����� zst <Zk{,�
s��sj$B stI ist,$t� d��ED� qY$R I�R$�t {YB${� sjRB �s$R�R s }�BAj�8u bY�t RZA`�{�R s��
tB� �BjI RB8��Y$t� sABZ� �Y� �t%$�Bt8�t� �Y�k s�� }js{�I $t� �Y�$� I�PsZj� sRRZ8}�$Bt
8sk A� b�Bt��
<��� $R st �-s8}j�� V js��� j$���s�Z�� Bt X}�BAsA$j$�k 8s�{Y$t�" R�ZI$�R RZA`�{�R
w$t{jZI$t� tBtYZ8st st$8sjRD 8s,$t� Bt� BP �bB {YB${�R wj�P� N stI �$�Y� iD� !t �s{Y
��$sj Bt� BP �Y� j�%��R $R Xs�8�I" �B I�j$%�� s ��bs�I stI �Y� B�Y�� I�j$%��R tB�Y$t��
7ZA`�{�R {YBBR� Bt� j�%�� stI ��{�$%� s ��bs�I $P $� $R s�8�I� qk}${sjjk� �Y��� $R s {Yst{�
} �Ys� N $R s�8�I stI dT} �Ys� i $R s�8�I� stI bY${Y j�%�� $R s�8�I $R I����8$t�I
$tI�}�tI�t�jk BP }��%$BZR ��$sjR� 3�B8 �Y� �-}��$8�t���:R %$�b� �Y� ��bs�IR P�B8 {YBBR$t�
N s�� $tI�}�tI�t� ��tBZjj$ ��$sjR� Z� bYs� IB RZA`�{�R �Y$t,2 yP �Y�k s�� tB� �BjI
�Ys� �Y� j�%��Ts�8$t� }�B{�RR $R $tI�}�tI�t� stI $I�t�${sjjk I$R��$AZ��I wb$�Y h-�I }D�
�Y�k 8$�Y� �t����s$t st s��sk BP }BRR$A$j$�$�R BP YBb ��bs�IR s�� I�j$%���I� y� 8$�Y�
A� 8Z{Y 8B�� }jsZR$Aj�� �B s RZA`�{�� �Ys� �Y� �-}��$8�t��� $R $t����R��I $t bY��Y��
�Y�k {st h�Z�� BZ� st �jsAB�s�� }s����t BP %s�$s�$Bt $t bY${Y j�%��R s�� s�8�I �Yst
�B h�Z�� BZ� �Ys� N YsR st $tI�}�tI�t� } {Yst{� �s{Y �$8�� e8}$�${sjjk� RZA`�{�R
�k}${sjjk X}�BAsA$j$�k 8s�{Y" Ak {YBBR$t� N Bt sABZ� } BP �Y� ��$sjR� yP RZA`�{�R ,t�b
�Y� }�B{�RR bsR $tI�}�tI�t� stI $I�t�${sjjk I$R��$AZ��I� �Y$R bBZjI A� s 8$R�s,� w�Y�k
;x
RYBZjI sjbskR {YBBR� �Y� s�8 b$�Y �Y� Y$�Y�� }D� *B�R }�BAsA$j$�k 8s�{Y$t� ��jj kBZ
�Ys� RZA`�{�R s�� 8s,$t� s 8$R�s,�� B� �Ys� �Y�k Ps$j �B �Z�RR �Y� R��st�� wZt$t����R�$t�D
�t%$�Bt8�t� �Y� �-}��$8�t��� YsR }js{�I �Y�8 $t2 GYs� �Y� �-}��$8�t��� BAR��%�R
$t s jBbT$tPB�8s�$Bt }�BAsA$j$�k 8s�{Y$t� �-}��$8�t� $R s {B8A$ts�$Bt BP �Y� RZA`�{�R:
��%�sj�I }��{�}�$BtR sABZ� �Y� R�s�$R�${sj }�B{�RR BP ��bs�I stI �Y�$� I�{$R$Bt �Zj� PB�
{YBBR$t�� G$�YYBjI$t� R�s�$R�${sj $tPB�8s�$Bt $R tB� t�{�RRs�$jk s AsI I�R$�t {YB${�� Z�
Ak tB� ��%�sj$t� $tPB�8s�$Bt sABZ� �Y� �t%$�Bt8�t�� �Y��� $R tB �Zs�st��� �Ys� RZA`�{�R
b$jj �Z�RR s{{Z�s��jk bYs� �Y�k s�� tB� �BjI� 7$t{� �Y� �Z�RR�R s�� Ys�I �B BAR��%� I$��{�jk
wb$�YBZ� sII$�$Btsj 8�sRZ��8�t�D� $� b$jj A� I$^{Zj� �B {Bt{jZI� bY��Y�� RZA`�{�R s��
}jsk$t� �s�$Btsjjk B� tB��
M�n VtBtk8$�k
yP �Y� RZA`�{�R ,tBb �Y� $I�t�$�k BP �Y� }��RBt �Y�k s�� As��s$t$t� b$�Y� �Y�$� ,tBbj�I��
8$�Y� $t4Z�t{� bYs� �Y�k IB PB� 8stk ��sRBtR� qY�k 8$�Y� j$,� �Y� bsk �Y� }��RBt
jBB,R stI bst� �B 8s,� �Y�8 Ys}}k� B� P�s� ����$AZ�$Bt B� �8As��sRR8�t� $P �Y�k 8s,�
s {Y$t�9k B&�� stI R�� �Y� }��RBt sP��� �Y� �-}��$8�t�� =tj�RR �Y�R� }BRR$A$j$�$�R s��
}��{$R�jk �Y� PB{ZR BP �Y� �-}��$8�t�� 8BR� BP �Y� �-}��$8�t�R I�R{�$A�I $t �Y$R ABB, ��k
�B {��s�� stBtk8$�ku RB8��$8�R �B s I�s8s�${ I�����u Ak 8s,$t� $� sR I$^{Zj� sR }BRR$Aj�
PB� RZA`�{�R �B ,tBb }��{$R�jk bYB �Y�k s�� }jsk$t� b$�Y� VtBtk8$�k $R BA%$BZRjk tB�
ZR�I A�{sZR� $� $R j$P�j$,�� y� $R ZR�I �B �R�sAj$RY s A�t{Y8s�, s�s$tR� bY${Y �Y� �&�{�R
BP ,tBb$t� bYB kBZ s�� }jsk$t� {st A� 8�sRZ��I� $P �YBR� �&�{�R s�� BP $t����R��
M�; �s�{Y$t� }�B�B{BjR stI ��}Z�s�$BtTAZ$jI$t�
e-}��$8�t�R s�� ZRZsjjk I�R$�t�I b$�Y R�%��sj }��$BIR BP }jsk RB RZA`�{�R {st j�s�t
P�B8 �-}��$�t{�� Z� $P s }s$� BP RZA`�{�R }jsk �B���Y�� R�%��sj �$8�R� �Y� }BRR$A$j$�k BP
X��}Z�s�$BtTAZ$jI$t�" {st s&�{� �Y� }��I${�$Bt �Ys� �s8� �Y�B�k 8s,�R� 3B� �-s8}j��
$t �Y� Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8� $� 8sk }sk PB� s ��R}BtI�� �B AZ$jI Z} s ��}Z�s�$Bt PB� A�$t�
"�BZ�Y" Ak ��`�{�$t� js��� B&��R $t �Y� h�R� P�b }��$BIR� �B X��s{Y �Y� }�B}BR�� s j�RRBt"
stI ��� js���� B&��R $t js��� }��$BIR� _Z� 8B�� PB�8sjjk� bY�t �Y� Rs8� }s$� wB� ��BZ}D
BP }jsk��R }jsk �B���Y�� R�%��sj �$8�R� �Y��� 8sk A� �s8�T�Y�B���${ �JZ$j$A�$s PB� �Y�
��}�s��I �s8� �Ys� I$&�� P�B8 �Y� Bt�TRYB�� R�s��T�s8� �JZ$j$A�$Z8� =tj�RR b� s��
�-}j${$�jk $t����R��I $t �Y� ts�Z�� BP ��}Z�s�$Bt PB�8s�$Bt stI ��}�s��IT�s8� R��s���$�R
;E
wsR RB8� �-}��$8�t�R s��D� �Y$R }BRR$A$j$�k $R s%B$I�I Ak Ys%$t� RZA`�{�R }jsk b$�Y �s{Y
B�Y�� Btjk Bt{� $t st �-}��$8�t�sj R�RR$Bt�
qY��� s�� %s�$BZR bskR $t bY${Y }jsk��R {st A� 8s�{Y�I b$�Y I$&���t� }jsk��R $t
s R�s�� �s8� bY${Y $R ��}�s��I� qY� 8BR� {B88Bt }�B�B{Bj $R tBT��}�s� ��8s�{Y$t�
wB� s XR��st���" I�R$�tD� }jsk��R s�� t�%�� ��8s�{Y�I b$�Y s PB�8�� 8s�{Y� �B ��IZ{�
�Y� }BRR$A$j$�k BP ��}Z�s�$BtTAZ$jI$t�� wy� $R tB� ,tBbt� Ak �Y� bsk� bY��Y�� tBT��}�s�
��8s�{Y$t� s{�Zsjjk IB�R I$RsAj� ��}Z�s�$BtTAZ$jI$t�� y RZR}�{� $� $R tB� AZ� 8B�� bB�,
Bt �Y$R $R t��I�I�D yt s XtBT{Bt�s�$Bt" I�R$�t� }jsk��R s�� t�%�� ��8s�{Y�I� stI s��
t�%�� ��8s�{Y�I b$�Y RB8�ABIk bYB b$jj A� 8s�{Y�I b$�Y RB8�ABIk �Y�k b$jj js��� A�
8s�{Y�I b$�Y� stI RB PB��Y� yt �stIB8 ��8s�{Y$t�� }jsk��R s�� ��8s�{Y�I �stIB8jk
wRB �Y�k 8sk A� ��8s�{Y�I b$�Y �Y�$� }s��t�� P�B8 �Y� }��%$BZR }��$BI� AZ� �k}${sjjk
�Y�k }�BAsA$j$�k BP {BtR�{Z�$%� 8s�{Y�R $R jBb stI �Y�k IB tB� ,tBb bY��Y�� �Y�k s��
��8s�{Y�I stkbskD� yt s 8�stT8s�{Y$t� B� }B}Zjs�$Bt }�B�B{Bj� �s{Y }jsk�� }jskR �%��k
B�Y�� }jsk�� stI �s�tR �Y� s%��s�� }skB& P�B8 sjj �YBR� 8s�{Y�R�
M�x yt{�t�$%�R
z��tBt 78$�Y wd�E1D ��}B���I �Y� �s�j$�R� �-}��$8�t�R {B8}s�$t� A�Ys%$B� BP RZA`�{�R
bYB b��� ��bs�I�I $t }B$t�R b$�Y RZA`�{�R bYBR� }B$t�R b��� {Bt%����I �B IBjjs�R �Y�k
b��� s{�Zsjjk }s$I� z��tBt BAR��%�I �Ys� RZA`�{�R }s$I Btjk $t }B$t�R ��tI�I �B s}}�Bs{Y
{B8}��$�$%� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 8B�� ���s�${sjjk� stI R��8�I �B ��Bb AB��I b$�Y �Y� �-}��$8�t�
PsR��� �Yst �YBR� bYB b��� }s$I 8Bt�k� <� RZ���R��I �Ys� bY$j� }�B}j� 8sk Ys%� �tBZ�Y
$t��$tR${ 8B�$%s�$Bt �B �s�t jB�R BP }B$t�R� �Ys� Yk}B�Y��${sj ��bs�IR b��� �k}${sjjk 8B��
"���s�${� Zt��j$sAj�� stI �sR$jk Rs�$s��I" wd��ED �Yst 8Bt�k� _Z� I$&���t�jk� Ak $tIZ{$t�
%sjZ� ZR$t� 8Bt�k }sk8�t�R� �Y� �-}��$8�t��� t��I Btjk ��jk Bt �Y� sRRZ8}�$BtR �Ys�
�%��kABIk j$,�R Ys%$t� 8B�� 8Bt�k stI tBABIk ���R �$��I BP Ys%$t� 8B�� BP $�� qY�R�
s�� RsP� sRRZ8}�$BtR� wyP kBZ ,tBb stkABIk bYB $R �$��I BP ����$t� 8B�� j�� 8� ,tBb�
y:jj �s,� �Y�$� j�P�B%��R�D�
_sk$t� RZA`�{�R �Y�$� �s�t$t�R JZ${,jk A�{s8� �Y� tB�8 $t �-}��$8�t�sj �{BtB8${R w$t
RYs�} {Bt��sR� �B 8BR� BP 8BI��t �-}��$8�t�sj }Rk{YBjB�k� b$�Y $8}B��st� �-{�}�$BtR
j$,� Gs�I eIbs�IR stI V8tBt is}B}B��D� *B�R $� 8s���� bY��Y�� }��PB�8st{� $R
��bs�I�I� stI YBb 8Z{Y2 qY� �%$I�t{� $R 8$-�I� e-}��$8�t���R RYBZjI tB� sAstIBt
�Y� }�s{�${� BP }sk$t� }��PB�8st{�TAsR�I $t{�t�$%�R� AZ� P�b ��RZj�R bY${Y I$R{Bth�8
;�
�Y�B�k Ys%� A��t B%���Z�t�I Ak }sk$t� 8B�� 8Bt�k� 78$�Y stI Gsj,�� wd��nD ��%$�b s
{BZ}j� BP IB9�t R�ZI$�R stI s��Z� �Ys� }sk$t� 8Bt�k ��IZ{�R %s�$st{� BP ��R}BtR�R s�BZtI
s �s�$Btsj }��I${�$Bt wh�R� tB��I Ak *s%� p���Y�� $t s d�Md bB�,$t� }s}��D� <B�s��Y stI
y w1(((D {BtIZ{��I s 8B�� �YB�BZ�Y ��%$�b stI I�sb R�%��sj {Bt{jZR$BtR� _sk$t� 8Bt�k
IB�R ��IZ{� %s�$s�$Bt stI BZ�j$��R� bY${Y 8sk A� }s��${Zjs�jk $8}B��st� $t R���$t�R �Ys�
s�� R�tR$�$%� �B %s�$s�$Bt� j$,� Xb�s,Tj$t," {BB�I$ts�$Bt �s8�R wR�� {Ys}��� �D B� sRR��
8s�,��R b$�Y }B��t�$sj PB� R}�{Zjs�$%� AZAAj�R� _sk$t� 8Bt�k $8}�B%�I }��PB�8st{�
8BR� ��j$sAjk $t `ZI�8�t� stI I�{$R$Bt 8s,$t� �sR,R� bY�t �Y��� s�� ���Z�tR �B �Y$t,$t�
Ys�I�� wR�� sjRB <���b$� stI !��8stt� $t }��RRD� Z� $t �sR,R b$�Y bY${Y s�� JZ$�� �sRk
wX4BB� �&�{�R"D B� %��k Ys�I wX{�$j$t� �&�{�R"D }sk$t� 8Bt�k ZRZsjjk IB�R tB� 8s�����
G� sjRB }B$t��I BZ� �Ys� �Y��� $R tB �8}$�${sj ��sRBt �B BAR�RR Btjk sABZ� 8Bt�k� A�{sZR�
�Y� �&�{� BP �-}��$�t{� $R `ZR� sR js���� NsA�jj$t� R��s���$�R� $tI$%$IZsj I$&���t{�R� stI
B�Y�� %s�$sAj�R {st Ys%� {B8}s�sAjk js��� �&�{�R stI RYBZjI A� $t%�R�$�s��I PZ��Y���
yt �Y� d�M(R s {Bt��B%��Rk ��Z}��I B%�� bY��Y�� 8Bt�k }sk8�t�R �R�sAj$RY�I bYs�
z��tBt 78$�Y {sjj�I XIB8$tst{�"� bY${Y 8�stR �Ys� �Y� 8Bt�k s� R�s,� $R �tBZ�Y �B
$tIZ{� RZA`�{�R �B �Y$t, Ys�I� qY� {Bt��B%��Rk bsR $�t$��I Ak <s��$RBt wd�M�D� bYB
}B$t��I BZ� �Ys� �Y� R$9� BP s I�%$s�$Bt P�B8 �Y�B�k $t }skB& ���8R 8sk A� 8Z{Y jBb��
�Yst �Y� I�%$s�$Bt $t �Y� R��s���k R}s{�� wqY� Rs8� }B$t�u �Y� X4s� 8s-$8Z8 {�$�$JZ�"
bsR 8sI� sj8BR� �bB I�{sI�R �s�j$��� $t d��n� Ak %Bt G$t���P�jI� stI eIbs�IR�D 3B�
�-s8}j�� $t s 8$-�ITR��s���k �JZ$j$A�$Z8� $P B�Y�� }jsk��R s�� ZR$t� �Y�$� 8$-�Z�� R��s��T
�$�R� �Y�t s RZA`�{� YsR sARBjZ��jk tB htst{$sj $t{�t�$%� �B }jsk Y�� �JZ$j$A�$Z8 8$-�Z��
$tR��sI� ���s�Ij�RR BP �Y� j�%�j BP 8Bt�k }skB&R $t �Y� �s8�� 7$8$js�jk� $t h�R�T}�${�
}�$%s��T%sjZ� sZ{�$BtR� s A$II�� bYB B%��A$IR Ak� Rsk� cd IB�R tB� s{�Zsjjk jBR� s IBjT
js�� !%��A$II$t� ��IZ{�R Y�� }�BR}�{�$%� �s�t$t�R AZ� �s$R�R �Y� {Yst{� BP b$tt$t� �Y�
sZ{�$Bt� stI �Y� t�� �&�{� 8sk Btjk ��IZ{� Y�� �-}�{��I Ak }�tt$�R�
e-}��$8�t���R t�%�� I�%�jB}�I st $I�sj RBjZ�$Bt �B �Y� 4s� 8s-$8Z8 }�BAj�8� qY�
{�$�$JZ� I$I R�tR$�$9� ZR �B �Y� t��I �B bB��k sABZ� 8s��$tsj {BR�R BP I�%$s�$Bt wstI
R�� 3ZI�tA��� stI N�%$t�� d���D stI �B R��, I�R$�tR b$�Y R���} 8s��$tsj $t{�t�$%�R
bY��� }BRR$Aj�� w3B� �-s8}j�� PB� Zj�$8s�Z8 �s8� i�R}BtI��R �Y� {BR� BP �Y� ���B� P�B8
��`�{�$t� $R �-s{�jk �JZsj �B �Y� I�%$s�$Bt $t R��s���k R}s{�� stI $R BP��t %��k js����D
3Z��Y��8B��� �Y� Ps{� �Ys� %��k js��� %s�$s�$BtR $t R�s,�R �k}${sjjk Ys%� Btjk 8BI�R�
�&�{�R 8Z��I {�$�${$R8R �Ys� }skB&R b��� tB� js��� �tBZ�Y� V� j�sR� �bB IB9�t R�ZI$�R
Ys%� A��t IBt� $t PB��$�t {BZt��$�R bY��� }Z�{YsR$t� }Bb�� $R RB jBb �Ys� 8BI�R� RZ8R�
Ak R�stIs�IR BP I�%�jB}�I {BZt��$�R� s8BZt� �B R�%��sj b��,R: B� 8Bt�YR: �s�t$t�R� qY�
;M
��RZj�R s�� ��t��sjjk %��k {jBR� �B �YBR� b$�Y R8sjj�� R�s,�R�
M�E !�I�� �&�{�R
e-}��$8�t�R BP��t $t%Bj%� �bB ���s�8�t�R� V stI � yP �Y�k s�� sjbskR IBt� $t �Y� Rs8�
B�I��� I�tB��I V � �Y�t stk I$&���t{� $t �Y� �bB ���s�8�t�R 8$�Y� A� IZ� �B �Y� Ps{�
�Ys� V {s8� h�R� stI {s8� R�{BtI wst XB�I�� �&�{�"D� !�I�� $R X{BtPBZtI�I b$�Y"
w}��P�{�jk {B���js��I b$�YD �Y� ���s�8�t�� qY$R $R �sR$jk {Bt��Bjj�I Ak �Ztt$t� RB8�
R�RR$BtR $t �Y� ��%��R� B�I�� V stI $t{jZI$t� st B�I�� IZ88k %s�$sAj� $t R�s�$R�${sj
stsjkR�R�
M�� ]Bt��Bjj$t� �$R, �sR��R
y� $R BP��t ZR�PZj �B Ys%� s ��j$sAj� }�B{�IZ�� PB� {��s�$t� }skB&R �Bbs�IR bY${Y RZA`�{�R
s�� �$R,Tt�Z��sj w$���� �Y�k s�� $tI$&���t� �B �Y� I$R}��R$Bt BP }BRR$Aj� }skB&R s�BZtI s
h-�I 8�stD� qY��� $R RZ{Y s }�B{�IZ��u �Y� A$ts�k jB����k }�B{�IZ��� <Bb�%��� �Y���
$R j$��j� �%$I�t{� �Ys� $� bB�,R sR $� RYBZjI $t �Y�B�k wstI s P�b R�ZI$�R RYBb$t� $� IB�R
tB� bB�,D�
yt �Y� A$ts�k jB����k }�B{�IZ��� RZA`�{�R s�� }s$I $t jB����k �${,��R� bY${Y s�� js���
ZR�I �B I����8$t� �Y�$� {Yst{� BP b$tt$t� s jB����k PB� s h-�I }�$9�� yP }jsk��R ��IZ{� {B8T
}BZtI jB����$�R �B R$t�j�TR�s�� jB����$�R �Y�k RYBZjI A� t�Z��sj �Bbs�I 8�stT}��R��%$t�
R}��sIR $t �Y�$� �${,�� I$R��$AZ�$Btu �Ys� $R� �Y�k RYBZjI Ys%� j$t�s� Z�$j$�k B%�� �${,��R�
3B� �-s8}j�� $P �Y�k ���s�I s �n1 {Yst{� BP b$tt$t� x( �${,��R wstI B�Y��b$R� ����$t�
tBt�D sR �Y� Rs8�d sR Ys%$t� dE �${,��R� �Y�k s�� �$R,Tt�Z��sj �Bbs�I �${,��R� wyt �Y�B�k�
�Y� }�B{�IZ�� {st A� �-��tI�I �B $tIZ{� stk RYs}� BP Z�$j$�k PZt{�$Bt Ak ��stRPB�8T
$t� }skB& Zt$�R �B �${,��R tBtj$t�s�jk� R�� 7{YB���� stI �sZtR��$t� d�Md stI ��� �� sj
d�MED� <Bb�%��� $t I$��{� ��R�R }jsk��R bYB 8s,� {YB${�R b$�Y 8Bt��s�k }skB&R stI }jskT
��R bYB 8s,� {YB${�R b$�Y jB����kT�${,�� }skB&R �-Y$A$� �Y� Rs8� }s����tR� RB �Y� A$ts�k
jB����k }�B{�IZ�� IB�R tB� {Yst�� �$R, �sR��R B%�� 8Bt�k �Bbs�I �$R,Tt�Z��sj$�k B%�� �${,T
��R w]s8���� stI <B� d��;� 7�j��t� 7sI�$�Y stI VAA$t,� d���D� !t �Y� B�Y�� YstI� zst
<Zk{, stI s��sj$B wd���D PBZtI �Ys� }jsk��R A�Ys%�I {BtR$R��t�jk b$�Y �$R,Tt�Z��sj$�k
B%�� �${,��R w�YBZ�Y R�� �Y�$� PBB�tB�� � PB� st B}}BR$�� ��RZj�D� yt �Y� 8BR� {s��PZj R�ZIk�
;�
_�sRt$,s� wd���D PBZtI �Ys� �$R, s%��R$Bt {B�^{$�t�R �R�$8s��I P�B8 {YB${�R s8Bt� �s8T
Aj�R B%�� �${,��R ��{B%���I }��I${��I {B�^{$�t�R �s�Y�� b�jj� qY� 8��YBI bB�,�I A�R�
PB� �Y� 8$tB�$�k BP RZA`�{�R bYB BA�k�I ��IZ{�$Bt BP {B8}BZtI jB����$�R�
y� $R RZ�}�$R$t� �Ys� 8stk �-}��$8�t���R ZR� �Y� A$ts�k jB����k }�B{�IZ�� I�R}$�� RB
j$��j� {s��PZj �%sjZs�$Bt BP bY�t $� IB�R $tIZ{� �$R,Tt�Z��sj$�k wstI �$%�t �Y� �%$I�t{�
�Ys� $� BP��t IB�Rt:�D� qB }s�s}Y�sR� p� � 7Ysb:R b$R�{�s{, sABZ� 8s��$s��� Ps$�Y $t
�Y� }�B{�IZ�� R��8R �B A� s ��$Z8}Y BP YB}� B%�� Is�s� qY��� s�� �bB sj���ts�$%�RU
VRRZ8� �$R,Tt�Z��sj$�k� B� 8�sRZ�� �$R, �sR��R B%�� 8Bt�k $tI�}�tI�t�jk� stI ZR� �YBR�
8�sRZ��R �B {sj$A�s�� st $tI$%$IZsj RZA`�{�:R �$R, }��P���t{�R $t s �s8� wbY${Y R�%��sj
�-}��$8�t���R Ys%� IBt�D� yt stk {sR�� $� $� bBZjI A� �BBI �B R�� 8B�� {s��PZj ��R�s�{Y
ws js _�sRt$,s�� d���D �R�sAj$RY$t� bY�t �Y� }�B{�IZ�� bB�,R stI bY�t $� IB�R tB��
M�M G$�Y$tTRZA`�{�R stI A��b��tTRZA`�{�R I�R$�t
yt s Xb$�Y$tTRZA`�{�R" I�R$�t� s R$t�j� RZA`�{� $R BAR��%�I $t I$&���t� ���s�8�t�R� wqY�
RZA`�{� R��%�R sR XY�� Bbt {Bt��Bj ��BZ}"�D yt s XA��b��tTRZA`�{�R" I�R$�tu �Y� tB�8 $t
�-}��$8�t�sj �{BtB8${Ru I$&���t� RZA`�{�R s�� ��R��I $t ���s�8�t�R V stI � 7�s�$R�${sj
%s�$s�$Bt s{�BRR �Y� RZA`�{�R �Y�t 8ZII$�R �Y� bs���R BP bYs� $R BAR��%�I Ak {B8}s�$t�
V stI � G$�Y$tTRZA`�{� I�R$�tR s�� 8B�� R�s�$R�${sjjk }Bb��PZj �Yst A��b��tTRZA`�{�
I�R$�tR A�{sZR� �Y�k sZ�B8s�${sjjk {Bt��Bj PB� $tI$%$IZsj I$&���t{�R� bY${Y s�� BP��t s
js��� RBZ�{� BP %s�$s�$Bt� stI Y�t{� sjjBb �Y� �&�{� BP s ���s�8�t� �B RY$t� �Y�BZ�Y bY�t
�Y� tZ$Rst{� BP $tI$%$IZsj I$&���t{� $R {Bt��Bjj�I PB��
qY��� $R s {Z�$BZR A$sR s�s$tR� b$�Y$tTRZA`�{�R I�R$�tR $t �-}��$8�t�sj �{BtB8${R wtB�
RB $t �-}��$8�t�sj }Rk{YBjB�kD� y IBt:� ,tBb bYk �Y��� $R s A$sR� stI {st:� �Y$t, BP s
{B8}�jj$t� ��sRBt �B sjbskR �R{Y�b RZ{Y I�R$�tR� !t� }BRR$Aj� ��sRBt $R �Ys� �-}BR$t�
RZA`�{�R �B 8Zj�$}j� {BtI$�$BtR Y�$�Y��tR �Y�$� R�tR$�$%$�k �B �Y� I$&���t{�R $t {BtI$�$BtR�
qY$R Yk}B�Y�R$R {st A� ��R��I� YBb�%��� Ak {B8}s�$t� ��RZj�R P�B8 b$�Y$tT stI A��b��tT
RZA`�{� I�R$�tR� bY${Y $R �s��jk IBt��
M�� e-}��$8���${R
Xe-}��$8���${R" s�� �{BtB8���${ ��{Yt$JZ�R {ZR�B8$9�I �B �-}��$8�t�sj s}}j${s�$BtR�
GY$j� y:8 st s8s��Z� �{BtB8���${$st� y s8 s YZ�� Pst BP �-}��$8���${R� qY� t�-�
x(
��t��s�$Bt BP �-}��$8�t���R RYBZjI P��j BAj$��I �B ZR� �Y� %��k js��R� $tP���t�$sj �BBjRu �Y�
A�R� 8${�BR{B}�Ru �B R�� }s����tR $t Is�s sR {j�s�jk sR }BRR$Aj�� qY� bB�, Ak ]�sbPB�I�
ejTps8sj� �{��j%�k stI _sjP��k� 7�sYj� stI zst <Zk{, stI s��sj$B I�R{�$A�I $t �Y$R
ABB, R��R s Y$�Y R�stIs�I B�Y�� �-}��$8�t���R RYBZjI �8Zjs���
V t�b �BBj $t �-}��$8���${R bY${Y YsR tB� A�{B8� b$I�jk sIB}��I $R B}�$8sj �tIBT
��t�BZR �-}��$8�t�sj I�R$�t w����� ejTps8sj� �{��j%�k stI _sjP��k� d��nD� yt 8stk
�-}��$8�t�R� �Y� �-}��$8�t��� YsR Bt� B� 8B�� Yk}B�Y�R�R bY${Y RY� {st }Z� }�$B� }�BAT
sA$j$�$�R Bt� V {�$R} }�$B�� stI R}�{$h{s�$Bt BP �Y� Yk}B�Y�R�R� {st A� ZR�I �B {B8}Z��
�Y� $tPB�8s�$Bt %sjZ� w$t �Y� R�tR� BP I$R}��R$Bt BP }BR���$B� }�BAsA$j$�$�R ��js�$%� �B I$RT
}��R$Bt BP }�$B�RD BP I$&���t� �-}��$8�t�sj I�R$�t }s�s8����R� qY$R 8B�$%s��R �Y� {YB${�
BP XB}�$8sjjkT$tPB�8s�$%�" I�R$�t }s�s8����R� 3Z��Y��8B��� A�{sZR� BP $t{��sR�R $t {B8T
}Z�$t� }Bb��� PB� �Y� h�R� �$8� $t YZ8st Y$R�B�k b� {st sj��� �Y� �-}��$8�t�sj I�R$�t
$t ��sj �$8�u bY$j� RZA`�{�R s�� bs$�$t�� PB� R�{BtIR �s�Y�� �Yst IskRu �B B}�$8$9� �Y�
s8BZt� BP $tPB�8s�$Bt bY${Y $R {Bjj�{��I $t st �-}��$8�t�� w7��t �Y$R bsk� sjj }��%$BZR
�-}��$8�t�sj I�R$�tR s�� Y�Z�$R�${ s}}�B-$8s�$BtR �B �tIB��t�BZRjkTB}�$8$9�I I�R$�tR�D
ytPB�8s�$BtTB}�$8$9�I I�R$�tR Ys%� �s��jk A��t ZR�I� qY� kBZt��� ��t��s�$Bt RYBZjI
�8As�sRR ZR BjI�� PBj,R Ak �s,$t� �Y�8 Z} b$�Y s %�t��st{��