루이스 칸의 건축에 나타난 다이어그램에 관한...
Transcript of 루이스 칸의 건축에 나타난 다이어그램에 관한...
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22 8(214) 2006 8 171
A Study on the Diagrams of Louis I. Kahn' Architecture
*
**
Choi, Young-Ah Lee, Kang-Up
Abstract
This paper is on the diagrams of Louis I. Kahn which have single geometrical unit or repetitions of geometrical unit. The
discourse on the diagram has been continuing in contemporary architecture. Its purpose was to make non-representational
architecture through the generative process. In general, the diagram has double natures, one of which is abstract and the other is
figural. Gilles Deleuze and Peter Eisenman also represent the diagram as abstract and figural. In other words, the former is the
reductive diagram and the latter is the generative diagram. By analysis of Kahn's plan, the results are as follows: The plan of
single unit has the reductive diagram but it has not the symbolic system of classical architecture. The plan of repetitional unit
has the generative diagram and it has not the narrative structure. And it makes the plan by relations of the repetitional unit.
Consequently, the generative diagram of Louis I. Kahn has the affinity with the diagram of contemporary architecture.
: , , , , ,
Keywords : Louis I. Kahn, Diagram, Abstract, Representation, Generative, Reductive
1.
1.1. 1)
.
.
.1)
.
.
.
*
**
1) Peter Eisenman, The End of the Classical: The End of the
Beginning, the End of the End, Perspecta 21 (1984),
Architecture theory since 1968, pp.701-704.
.
.
(archetype)
.
.
.
.
1.2.
(Gilles Deleuze)
(Peter Eisenman)
.
.
.
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(a)
(b)
1.
.
.
2.
2.1.
(diagram)2)
.
(reductive machine)3)
.
.
.4) AD 1
(Vitruvius)
.
15 .
.
.
.
,
.
.
(copy) (type)
(agency)
.
.
(composition)
.
(Alan Colquhoun) ''
2) Diagram:1. a graphic design that explains rather than
represents; especially: a drawing that shows arrangement and
relation(as of parts), 2. a line drawing made for mathematical
or scientific purpose (Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2001,
, , spacetime, 2005, p.39 )
'
. gram
graphein carve .
. dia-gram dia
diagram
.
3) Ben van Berkel,/Caroline Bos, Diagrams, Kaster Rattenbury
ed, This is not Architecture, Routlege, 2002, p.102
4) Peter Eisenman, Diagram Diaries, Thames & Hudson, 1999
pp.38-43
.5)
.(1)
.
.
.
2.2.
.
.
.6)
. (Ben van Berkel)
(Michel
Foucault) , (Francis Bacon)
, (Marcel Proust)
.7)
. (Jeremy
Bentham) (Panopticon)
...
.
.8)
.
. , ,
(diagramme) . (2)
5) Alan Colquhoun, Modernity and the Classical Tradition,
MIT Press, 1989, pp.33-34
6) Deleuze, Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, p.55
7) Ben van Berkel, /Caroline Bos, Op. Cit., pp.102-103
8) Ibid, p.104
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22 8(214) 2006 8 173
2.
,
, 1952
3.
'
.
9)
.
.
.
.
.10)
.
.
(figure) .
.(3)
(Peter Eisenman)
. (interiority)
.11)
.
(Rosalind E. Krauss)
(Yve-Alain Bois)
9) Deleuze, Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, ,
, 1995, pp.139-145
,, .
10) Ibid, p.103
11) Peter Eisenman, Diagram Diary, Thames & Hudson, 1999
p.37
.12)
.
.13) (Colin Rowe)
.
.
.14)
.
.
.
.
2.3. /
(1) (Type):
. (J. N. L. Durand)
(L. Boulee) (character)
(type) 'Recueil et
Parallele .
(utility) (fitness)'
(economy) .
,
, .
.15) (4)
'Precis
of the Lectures on Architecture'
12) Ibid, pp.50-51
13) Eisenman, Op. Cit., p.41
14) Colin Rowe, The mathematics of the Ideal Villa and
Other Essays, 1984. / , , ,
1991, p.54
15) Antoine Picon, From "Poetry of Art" to Method: The
Theory of Jean-Nicholas-Louis Durand, Jean -Nicolas-Louis
Duand, Precis of the Lecture on Architecture, Text
&Document, 2000, p.34
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174 22 8(214) 2006 8
(utility)
Convenance(fitness)
economie (economy)
(regularity)
(symmetry),
(simplicity),
(,)
(composition ),
4.
(a) , 21
(b) ,
7.
(a) 1 (b) 4
6.
5. (Precis of the Lectures on Architecture)
.
(deduction)
.(5)
(Lock)
(Condillac) (Essay on the Origins of
Human Knowledge;1746)
.16)
(Bernard Huet)
(inaugural act)
.17)
(composition)
.
(Parti)
19 20
.
.
(2)
(Wittkower)
9
.
16) Essay on the Origins of Human Knowlege;1746(Etienne
Bonnot de Condillac, Essai sur l'origine des connaissances
humaines 1746, 139, Durand, Jean -Nicolas-Louis. Precis of
the Lecture on Architecture, Text &Document, 2000. p.21,
17) Ibid, p.1
.18) 1960 1970
.(6)
.
.19)
.
.
. (Kazuyo Sejima)
(7)
.
.
.
18) Eisenman, Op. Cit., p.48
19) Pai, Hyungmin, The Porfolio and the Diagram, MIT
Press, 2002. p.284
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22 8(214) 2006 8 175
3.
3.1.
(1) (Form)
?.
(Form)
.
.20)
.
.
.
. (A. Danto)
.21)
.
.
(2) (Institution)
.
.
(character) .22)
'(ritual)'
.
(ritual)' .
.23)
.
20) (Form) .
, .
.
. .
.
.
. .
Alexandra Tyng, Louis Kahn's Philosophy of Architecture,
1983, , , p.51.
21) Ibid, p.188
22)
., Ibid, p.162
23) Frank E. Brown, Roman Architecture(New York: Goege
Brasiller,1961) p.10, Eugene J. Johnson/Michael J. Lewis,
Drawn from the Source, MIT Press, 1996, p.68 .
.
.
(3) (Room)
.
.
.
. (area)
.
24)
.
.25)
(form drawing)
.
.
,
.
3.2.
(1)
1950
(Josef Albers)26) .
.
(presentational painting)
(abstract)'
(non
representational)'
.
24) , Writing, Lecture, Interview, 1971,
American Institue of Architects Gold Medal Award Adress.
Rizzoli, p.264.
25) . .
.
.Alexandra Tyng, Op. Cit., p.164.
26) 1933
1950
.
. Sarah Williams Goldhagen,
Louis Kahn's Situated Modernism, Yale University Press,
2001, p.46
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11. 3
( , , )
10. 9
(1 , , ,
, , )
12.
( , , , ,
, )
9.
a: , , 1958
b: , , 1948-1950
c: , , 1948-1950
8.
(Homage to the Square)
.
.
.
. (8)
(2)
(Willem
De Kooning) .(9)
.
(signs)
(things) .27)
1948
.
.
.
4.
4.1.
9 .
27) Ibid, p.49.
9
. (10)
.(11)
(servant space) (served space)
.
2.(12)
9
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22 8(214) 2006 8 177
13.
( , , ,
, , )
(a)
(b) (, , )
14.
.
.
4.2.
1950
.
.
' (comparted space)'
(constructed room)' .(13)
.
.
.
20
. (Sara W. Goldhagen)
(authenticity)' .28)
. (Vincent
Scully)
(Trenton Bath House) .
.
.29)
28) Sarah Williams Goldhagen, Louis Kahn's Situated
Modernism, Yale University Press, 2001, p.111
29) Ibid, p.111
(Palladian Plan)'
(bay) (room)
.
(room)
.
1960
.
9
.
.
(1957-1964), (1957-1964),
(1960-1964), (1966-1972)
(1962-74).
9
. 9
.
.
U
L
.
14(a) L
. L
.
. 14(b)
.
L
. L
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178 22 8(214) 2006 8
(a) (b)
15.
. (Klaus
Peter Gast)
.30)
.
.
1/2 6 .
15(a) .
.
.
.
.(15(b))
.
5.
.
.
.
.
1.
.
.
30) Klaus-Peter Gast, Louis I Kahn, The Idea of Order,
Birkhauser, 2001. p.139
.
.
2.
.
.
9
.
.
3.
.
.
.
1. Brownlee, David B. / De Long, David, Louis I. Kahn, In
the Realm of Architecture, Rizzoli, 1991.
2. Berkel, Ben van/Bos, Caroline, Diagrams, Kaster
Rattenbury ed, This is not Architecture, Routlege, (2002)
3. C. Danto, Arthur, Philosophizing Art, London: University
of California Press, 1999.
4. Colquhoun, Alan, Modernity and the Classical Tradition,
MIT Press, 1989.
5. Deleuze, Gilles, Logique de la Sensation, ,
, , 1995.
6. E. Krauss, Rosalind, Passages in Modern Sculpture(
), , , 2003.
7. Eisenman, Peter, Diagram Diary, Thames & Hudson,1999
8. Gast, Klaus -Peter, Louis I Kahn The Idea of Order,
Birkhauser, 2001.
9. Goldhagen, Sarah Williams, Louis Kahn's Situated
Modernism, Yale University Press, 2001
10. J. R. Curtis, William, Modern Architecture since 1900,
Phaidon, 1996.
11. Latour, Alessandra, ed, Louis I. Kahn Writings, Lectures,
Interviews, Rizzoli, 1991.
12. Lynton, Norbert, The Story of Modern Art, ,
20 , , 2003.
13. McCarter, Robert, Louis I. Kahn, Phaidon, 2005.
14. Pai, Hyungmin, The Porfolio and the Diagram, MIT Press,
2002.
15. Perez-Gomez, Alberto, Architecture and the Crisis of
Modern Science, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1996.
16. Perez-Gomez, Alberto. Architectural Representation and
the Perspective Hinge, MIT Press, 2000.
(: 2006. 2. 2)
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