languageiiumsa.pbworks.comlanguageiiumsa.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/51763226/LIS… · Web...

LANGUAGE II 2012 2° TMA & TMB

LISTENING COMPREHENSIONOBAMA: PROFESSOR PRESIDENT

This is a BBC Podcast. You can get all our 1……………….. and our terms of

2……………….. at bbcworldservice 3……………….. com 4……………….. podcasts.

Two words not 5……………….. used to describe the American President

6……………….. Barack Obama, a law professor. He’s 7……………………….. that

image 8……………….. from 1992 to 2004 he was a part-time 9……………….. at the

University of Chicago.

In this programme, Kwame Anthony Appiah, of 10……………….. University, offers a

personal 11……………….. of Obama’s education and intellectual 12………………...

Obama: Professor President.

“We 13……………….. progress by how 14……………….. people can find a job that

15……………….. the mortgage. Whether you can put a 16……………….. extra money

17……………….. at the end of each month so you can 18……………..……….. watch

your child receive her college 19………………... I think about my Mom, who

20……………….. my sister and me on her own while she worked and 21………………..

her degree, who once turned to 22……………….. stamps but was still able to send us

to the best schools in the country with the help of student 23……………….. and

scholarships.”

No one doubts Barack Obama’s 24…………………..….. to education but someone

asked recently at a 25……………….. party I was at: “How smart is Obama really?”

“Super brainy” was the 26……………………... And I thought too that he was a

27……………….. intellectual.

This was amongst a 28……………….. of friends, a 29……………….. of academics and

assorted 30……………….., Americans all of us, black and white. Yes, I know it ain’t

sound American but in this nation of 31…………………….., Americans can sound

pretty 32……………….. like anyone. There may be those who doubt Obama’s

1


33……………….. to standing as an intellectual. No one doubts his 34………………..

oratorical skills.

“And it is that 35……………….. that 45 years ago today brought Americans from every

36……………….. of this land to 37……………….. together at a mall in Washington

before Lincoln’s Memorial and hear a young 38……………….. from Georgia speak of

his dream.”

“I think there is 39……………….. of the Baptist preacher and something of Dr. Martin

Luther King in his 40………………...”

Obama’s mentor, Abner Mikva, 41……………….. congressman and Chicago

42……………….. professor.

A HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN 100 OBJECTSTAINO RITUAL SEAT

Thank you for downloading this 1. .............................. of A History of the World in 100

Objects from BBC Radio 4. This week 2. .............................. been talking about

3. .............................. objects that belonged to leaders and 4............................... around the world about 5. .............................. years ago, objects that

6. .............................. the societies that produced them in Scandinavia, and

7. .............................., Spain and China. Today’s object is a 8............................... from

the Caribbean, from what is now the Dominican Republic and it, 9. .............................., tells a rich story, in this 10............................... of the Taino people who lived in the

Caribbean Islands before the arrival of Christopher Columbus.

In the 11. .............................. of the world that we’ve been telling, this stool is the first

object in which the 12. .............................. narratives of the13............................... on

the one hand, and Europe, Asia and Africa, on the other, 14...............................; or,

perhaps, more accurately, 15................................ But this is no 16. .............................. domestic thing, it’s a stool of great power: a strange and exotic 17. .............................. seat carved into the shape of another 18. .............................. being half human, half

animal, which would take its 19. .............................. travelling between worlds and

gave them the power of 20. ............................... We don’t know if the seat helped them

2


21. .............................. it, but we do know that the people who made this seat had a

terrible future 22...............................of them.

“It 23. ............................... a lot more information than you might suspect and it’s

24................................ that information that really is 25................................ for me.”

“26. ............................... objects, for those of us who 27. ............................... up here in

New York, were almost like objects of veneration in the 28................................ that we

were rediscovering our culture, 29................................ that we didn’t know existed.”

A History of the World in 100 Objects.

Taino Ritual Seat, a 30. ............................... stool from the Dominican Republic, XIII to

XV century.

31. ............................... a century of the arrival of the Spanish, most of the Taino

32. ............................... have died of European diseases and their land would have

been 33. ............................... out among the European conquerors. It was a

34. ............................... that we repeated across the Americas, but the Taino were in

the 35. ............................... line and they suffered more than perhaps

36. ...............................other American people. They had no writing, and it was only

37...............................to a small number of objects like this stool that we can even

begin to 38. ............................... how the Taino imagined their world and how they

39. ............................... to control it. The term ‘Taino’ is generally used to describe the

40. ............................... group of people that 41................................the larger

Caribbean Islands: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Hispagnola—now divided between

Haiti and the Dominican Republic, where 42. ............................... stool was found.

Across the islands, ritual 43................................have been found

44. ...............................give us some idea of Taino life and thought. There are

45. ...............................masks designed to be 46. ............................... on the body,

wooden statuettes, and 47................................ for sniffing, or perhaps better,

48. ............................... a 49. ...............................substance. The most evocative of all

these surviving 50................................ of the Taino are the carved ceremonial stools

known as ‘duhos’.

3


WARM FRONTYOU AND YOURS

I’m Julian Worricker. Thank you for 1. ....................................... this You and Yours 2. ........................................ If you require our 3. ....................................... of use, please

visit our website: bbc.co.4. ....................................... /radio4/youandyours.

The 5. ....................................... is changing the ways its Warm Front Grants for 6. ....................................... and insulation are administered. It files

7........................................ of complaints 8. ....................................... and investigated

here at You and Yours. Many people 9. ....................................... the prices that are 10. ....................................... by the companies 11........................................ to do the

Warm Front work. 12........................................ this week, another complaint

13........................................ in our postpad. Bethany Abbit has been 14. ....................................... at the changes but she 15. ....................................... with

those people who 16. ....................................... that Warm Front was

17........................................ badly run.

‘This is the quote: 18. ........................................ They wanted

19.........................................’

‘So almost £3,000 they wanted 20. ....................................... you.’

‘Yes.’

’21. ....................................... was your 22. ....................................... when you saw

that?’

‘I 23. ....................................... went mad because I thought that it’s too high.’

France Greenwood speaking on You and Yours in 24. ........................................ The

Warm Front 25. ....................................... are available to people on benefits. Mrs.

Greenwood 26. ....................................... for a grant of £2,700 but, like a lot of people,

was told she 27. ....................................... have to pay extra on top. The grants are for

work by Warm Front 28........................................ approved by the company

29........................................ the scheme, called Eaga. But 30........................................ shopping around, Mrs. Greenwood found two companies who could do the work for

4


less than the 31. ....................................... she was asked to pay to 32. ....................................... up the grant. Then, when she went back to Warmfront, they

reduced bank 33. ....................................... by almost £2,000. The 34. ....................................... Minister Joan Ruddock told us back in February this was

unusual.

‘I wouldn’t expect a huge 35. ....................................... between quotes being

presented to customers by accredited Eaga 36. ........................................ So, first of

all, there is an issue that, which I 37. ....................................... explain to you, but it’s

very unlikely that this would happen. Mostly the sort of 38........................................ that people are being asked to make in terms of toppers are of the 39. ....................................... of 5 and 600 pounds as an 40........................................, and

that’s what I would expect. And I’m very concerned about that.’

AMERICANASARAH PALIN

Welcome 1. ....................................... clicker, or perhaps you’re a moose Santa.

2. ...................................... way we’re glad that you 3. ...................................... your way

to the Americana 4. ...................................... on BBC Radio 4 and the

5. ...................................... Service. We’ll be 6. ...................................... about Sarah

Palin and other women in American politics. 7. ...................................... you enjoy the

program.

I’m Matt Frei and this is Americana.

8. ...................................... of five, slayer of moose, ex-governor of Alaska,

9.......................................candidate. You know who they’re 10.......................................

about. But now you can add 11. ......................................to Sarah Palin’s many hads.

She’s written a book called ‘Going Rogue’ and this is her book

12. ......................................, a fact which you cannot 13. ......................................

missed in America this week 14....................................... you’re living in a cave with a

5


power 15........................................ The last politician 16. ......................................

author who was 17. ...................................... like a rock star was, of course, Barack

Obama; and we all 18. ...................................... where that book tour ended. So,

19. ......................................she be planning the same? You

20.......................................find her selling books here in Washington

21........................................, by the way, this place represents everything that

22. ...................................... says she hates. But she did go to Grand

23......................................., Michigan. But they 24. ......................................all night

long to get their hands on a 25. ......................................and an autograph.

‘She can 26. ......................................all five kids, a 27. ......................................

marriage, the media, the press.’

‘Sarah Palin makes me feel like I can 28. ......................................anything I want to. I

myself want to get into politics and she just makes me feel 29....................................... I

can do that.’

Sarah Palin’s 30. ......................................of foxy right-wing politics causes plenty of

other Americans to grimace or 31. ......................................jokes. So what does the

Palin 32. ...................................... really mean for American women? We

33. ...................................... that question to my special guest on today’s program, one

of the most plugged-in 34. ......................................in Washington: Cokie Roberts. I

35. ...................................... talked with two female 36. ...................................... women

about it 37. ...................................... to make it in American politics. And we’ll hear from

one of the most successful 38..................................... women you’ll find anywhere,

39................................... Christiane Amanpur, about the 40.......................................of

working women in the USA.

SEARS TOWER

6


The Sears Tower 1……………………………………….……. a kilometer into the skies 2………………………………….. It encloses 420,000m² 3…………………………………. aluminium and glass walls. At 110 stories, the Sears Tower 4…………………………………. "World's tallest building" for over 20 years. This is a look at what 5…………………………………. to make the Sears Tower work. Sunrise in Chicago. The 6………………………………….. 11,000 people begin to file into the Sears Tower. A building so big 7………………………………….. In the stretch from 8………………………………………….…………., the Sears Tower is North America's tallest office building. Need numbers? The highest 9…………………………………. the Sears Tower is the 110th storey. This building is used from its bottom to its decidedly 10………………………………….. The height to the roof of the building is 11………………………………….. And the mightiest measurement of all: high 12…………………………………. the West antenna, 527 meters, which is in fact the 13…………………………………. any building in the world. So 14………………………………….. If you took six Boeing 747s, stacked them 15…………………………………. next to this mammoth building, the Sears Tower 16……………………………………………. 18 meters taller than the stack of jumbo jets. We can even toss a seventh jet 17…………………………………., and still not manage 18…………………………………. the antennas. Now that's tall! Size matters, but it's what you do with it 19………………………………….. The real wonder here 20………………………………………………. building's stark walls. The countless systems 21…………………………………. this building's bulk. "Sure 22…………………………………. any building in... and it's more critical here just because 23………………..……………………. involved in the process, and it's a bigger operation 24………………………………….. So it's really 25…………………………………. a city." This metropolis 26………………………………………………. of plumbing. Lay those

pipes out 27…………………………………. and you go back and forth across the United

States 8 times.

Toilet tally: 943.

TOO MANY SANTAS

7


Thank you for downloading from the BBC. For details of our complete range of

podcasts and our terms of use go to bbcworldservice.com/podcats.

And now, Too Many Santas.

At Christmas time much 1…………………………………………. on Santa Claus, who is

originally based on Saint Nicholas. St. Nicholas gave presents

2…………………………………….………….. Over time, he 3………….………………….

Santa, who gives presents to just about everyone. 4……………………………………….,

sacrifices used to be made to win the spirits, a fragment of that ritual

5……………………..…………………. and glass of milk children 6…………………..

……………. Santa’s reindeer. However, in Scandinavia, and 7…………….

………………., older traditions have not died out.

Heidi Nicholson travelled there 8……………….…………….. We present: Too Many

Santas.

“Come all those 9………………………………….. Stay all those who wish to stay. Leave

all those who wish to leave. But bring 10…………… …………..”

“All over the Western world during the Festival of Christmas, 11……….

……………………. man dressed in red with a white beard, Santa Claus,

12…………………………………………. kid bringing them presents.”

“He isn’t harmful or scary.”

“13……….…………………., Santa has become fatter and more friendly. But above a

hundred years ago he was 14…………………………….………………..”

“It’s November and 15………………………….……………., the capital of Iceland. I’ve

come here because here they have 16………………………….………. santas that they

call Jolasveinarnir or 17…………..……………….. I heard that they’re not jolly

18……………..……………. twixters.”

“Let me tell the story of the lads 19……………….…………. who once upon a time used

to visit our farms. They came from the mountains, 20…………………………………….,

in a long single file to the farmsteads below. Grýla was their mother. She gave them

8


21…………………………. and their father Leppaludi was a but loathsome ilk. They

were called Jolasveinar, Yule High Lads at Yule Tide every Yule and always came one

by one, 22……………….………………..”

“I’m sitting in a small café in Reykjavik and speaking with the auteur, John,

23………………………………………. Jolasveiner?”

“Yes, of course, you know, that was the big adventure of December. The Christmas

Lads or Santa Clauses. They start 24……………………………...……. before

Christmas. What you do here is that you put your shoe in a window

25…………………………………., one shoe only. It’s morning, you can

26……………………..………………. in the shoe if you’re good, but if you behave

27……………………….…………………. you a potato. That is

28………………………………………., of course, to get a potato instead of a little

sweet. And they come, you know, 29………………………., so you basically know which

one is coming each night until the day of Christmas Eve,

30………………………………………..……. comes. And you hope to get

31……………………………………………. treat from the Santa Claus there. Santa does

not bring presents 32…………………………. the presents that you get, the little treats

you get in your shoe.”

ANDERSON COOPER 360HAPPY MEAL

So I’ve got a question for you: Should the government police 1..

……………………………………………………..? Well, I’m not talking about the

government publicly recommending dietary guidelines. I’m talking about the

government telling restaurants 2.……………………………………………………... So the

officials in San Francisco clearly think the answer is yes. They voted to ban fast-food

restaurants 3.…………………………………………………….. that don’t meet certain

nutritional standards, new standards. McDonald’s Happy Meals 4.

……………………………………………………... They can still sell the Happy Meal but

not with the toy in it, unless the meal is under 600 calories, contains fewer than 640

milligrams of sodium. It also has to have half a cup of fruit, and 5.

……………………………………………………... That ain’t a Happy Meal. As you can

9


guess, McDonald’s is not happy about it at all. Take a look at what they’ve said. They

said: “We are extremely disappointed with the decision. It’s not what our customers

want, 6.……………………………………………………..…” They went on to say the

“Parents tell us it’s their right and responsibility—not the government’s—to make their

own decisions and to choose what’s right for their” kids. 7.

……………………………………………………... Turns out the mayor of San Francisco,

Gavin Newsom, also opposes the ban, which he says is an unprecedented

governmental intrusion into parental responsibility. He said, “Parents, not politicians,

should decide what their kids eat, especially 8.

……………………………………………………...” Gavin Newsom says he’s gonna veto

the ban. But the board, they passed it. They have enough votes to override the veto.

Reaction from the public 9.……………………………………………………... Take a look.

“I think it’s ridiculous. I think that… that’s another case of San Francisco 10.

……………………………………………………...”

“I think it’s probably a good thing. I know that a lot of kids are incented by the toy more

than the food.”

“The toys aren’t…aren’t the issue. I mean, my kid wants the hamburger. 11.

…………………………………………………….. that… that has the toy in it. So it’s not…

You know. Not having the toy in it, they’re still gonna have the Happy Meal.”

“Let the parents make that decision then. That’s…I mean, 12.

……………………………………………………... I mean. Across the country everybody

gets to have Happy Meals if they wanna have it.”

Well, we are gonna talk to Dr. Phil McGraw about this in a moment, about what he

thinks. 13.…………………………………………………….., ‘cause this is… it’s a difficult

issue for some people to decide on. The number of obese kids in the US 14.

…………………………………………………….., and a new study from researchers at

Yale shows that kids are being bombarded with more fast food ads than ever. Take a

look at this: “In 2009,” 15.…………………………………………………….., “preschoolers

saw 21% more ads for fast food than they did in 2003,” 21%, “and older kids saw 34%

more fast food ads.” Now last year the fast food industry, 16.

…………………………………………………….. mar—marketing. And they’re even

targeting toddlers. I wanna show you something over here. According to the Yale

10


researchers, McDonald’s 17.…………………………………………………….. as 2 years

old for websites like this one. I’ve never seen this one before, so Ronald.com. 18.

…………………………………………………….. of Ronald McDonald, you know, the

brand name. It’s interesting that at the very top of the screen there’s a disclaimer, it

says: “Hey Kids. This is advertising!” 19.……………………………………………………..

transparency like that, but all this marketing does seem to be working. Researchers

found one-third of American kids and adolescents eat fast food every day. 20.

……………………………………………………... Take a look what else this Yale study

found. They found that “40% of parents reported that their kids ask them to go to

McDonald’s at least once a week. 15% of 21.

……………………………………………………...” The parents often give in. ”84%

reported taking their child to fast food restaurants at least once a week.” 22.

…………………………………………………….., and their own busy schedules. But

does that mean that the government 23.

……………………………………………………..? I talked to Dr Phil McGraw about the

ban earlier.

JOURNEY OF DISCOVERYSUMMARIZE: Complete the summary below using the correct form of words from the box. Two words are extra.

proof – revere – intact – outdo – conquer – disrupt – immense – stubborn – interval – refined

Long ago, Spanish sailors traveled 1…………………………….. distances in their

wooden ships. Now, Kitín Muñoz, a modern-day sailor, hopes to

2…………………………….. those brave adventurers by sailing a small ship made of

reeds, the Mata Rangi iii, across the Atlantic Ocean. This small ship is based on the

ones used in pre-European South America, and was built by Aymara Indians from

Bolivia using no modern materials.

This will be the third journey for Muñoz. The first two failed, but Muñoz is a

3…………………………….. man who will not give up. This time he will leave from

11


Barcelona, go along the coast of Africa, stop at the Cape Verde islands, and then

across the Atlantic Ocean and finish in Colombia.

One day off the North African coast, heavy winds and rough waves

4…………………………….. the sailors’ plans for a smooth journey. Water poured into

the boat. After a while, the storm lost power, and fortunately, the ship was still

5……………………………… This experience is 6…………………………….. that the

reeds are strong enough for such difficult conditions. Another problem was the long

7…………………………….. at sea when there was little or wind. Such times were hard

for the men, who got bored or depressed.

After more than a month at sea, the Mata Rangi III reached Cape Verde, where they

celebrated the first part of the journey. Ahead of them still lies the wide Atlantic Ocean,

which they hope to somehow 8………………………………

AFRICA FROM THE AIRSUMMARIZE: Complete the summary below using the correct form of words from the box. One word is extra.

harmony – chaos – confront – adjacent – authentically – compile – found – instinct – secluded – devastate

National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence J. Michael Fay has

1…………………………….. a remarkable collection of photographs of Africa from the

air, using a camera attached to his plane that took high quality photos as he flew over

the continent.

His photos reveal that Africa’s great wild animals are in danger, their habitats

2…………………………….., some reduced to almost nothing, because of human

development. The populations of lions, elephants, and gorillas have all declined in

recent years. Today, large animals that are 3…………………………….. wild, that is, not

managed by humans in parks and preserves, only exist in a few

4…………………………….. places where there are few humans to bother them.

12


In game preserves such as Mala Mala in South Africa, humans and animals live side

by side in 5……………………………… Mala Mala, which was

6…………………………….. in 1927, is the largest area of privately owned land in South

Africa.

Fay discovered a worrying scene in Tanzania where hundreds of hippos crowd into a

fast-drying river. They are driven there by their natural 7……………………………..

during the dry season, but the water is being used up by humans for irrigation of farms

8…………………………….. to the river.

Through his photos, Fay encourages people to 9…………………………….. the problem

of vanishing wildlife in Africa and to take action before it is too late.

FROG LICKERSUMMARIZE: Complete the summary below using the correct form of words from the box. One word is extra.

symptoms – inconclusive – commit – proponent – assure – alert – cease – deter – ethical – relentless

The island of Madagascar is home to the Mantella poison frog. Their poison originates

from their diet of ants, millipedes, and mites. The frogs are brightly colored to

1…………………………….. larger animals from eating the frog, as they have learned

that bright colors mean poison.

Valerie C. Clark studies the Mantella and its diet. She and her team use a GPS system

to 2…………………………….. her to the frogs’ location. They study the insects in the

frogs’ diet to discover which ones possess the chemicals contributing to the frogs’

poison. Although tests are still 3…………………………….., Clark believes a certain

purple millipede may be a source of the frogs’ toxic chemicals.

To test for toxins on the frogs’ skin, Clark sometimes licks them. There’s no need to

worry—Clark 4…………………………….. people who are concerned for her health that

the poison will not affect her because Mantella are only mildly toxic to humans. Indeed,

13


she shows no 5…………………………….. of poisoning at all. These chemicals could

actually be helpful to humans. Some scientists are 6…………………………….. of the

idea that chemicals from frogs could be used to make new medicines.

Frogs need to eat a variety of insects to create their chemicals. This variety is most

available in untouched rainforest. This means 7…………………………….. destruction

of the rainforest doesn’t 8…………………………….., there will be fewer toxic chemicals

with the potential to be used in making medicines.

SOLAR SYSTEMSUMMARIZE: Complete the summary below using the correct form of words from the box. One word is extra.

intriguing – intellectual – foundation – awesome – scenario – atmosphere – pose – cohere – dilemma – unleash – engaged – formerly

Scientists believe that our solar system formed four and a half billion years ago

according to the following 1……………………………… First, the huge cloud of dust

and gas that forms the 2…………………………….. of our solar system collapsed into a

dense mass. It began to rotate and flatten into a disc. Over time, the center grew hotter

and hotter until it became our sun.

Over millions of years, the remaining dust and gases 3…………………………….. to

form planets and moons. Mercury is closest to the sun, and is known for its extremes of

temperature. Next is Earth-sized Venus, whose 4…………………………….. traps the

sun’s heat and raises the surface temperature to nearly 480 degrees Celsius (900

degrees Fahrenheit). The third planet is Earth, an active planet that is constantly

5…………………………….. in change. Mars is a dry planet with red soil, deep canyons,

and polar ice. The fifth and largest planet is Jupiter. Its great red spot is a(n)

6…………………………….. storm twice as wide as Earth. After Jupiter comes Saturn,

the second largest planet, famous for its ring. Seventh from the sun is Uranus, a planet

which is 7…………………………….. because it alone rotates on its side. Neptune, the

eighth planet, is perhaps the windiest place in the solar system, with winds of over

2,000 kilometers per hour (1,200 miles per hour).

14


Farther on is Pluto, which was 8…………………………….. considered to be a planet,

but that opinion has changed. Pluto’s small size 9…………………………….. a rather

difficult 10…………………………….. for astronomers—whether to continue to call it a

planet or to reclassify it. In 2006 they solved the problem by reclassifying it as a “dwarf

planet.”

DROUGHTSSUMMARIZE: Complete the summary below using the correct form of words from the box. One word is extra.

colossal – willing – divert – hazardous – whereby – infrastructure – modify – replenish – surpass – distress

The causes of droughts can be natural. Droughts are sometimes caused by long-term

high pressure systems 1…………………………….. rain clouds are prevented from

forming. Long droughts are 2…………………………….. to all living things including

crops, animals, and people.

Human causes of droughts include 3…………………………….. water away from areas

that need it for agricultural purposes or to 4…………………………….. city water

supplies. Overcropping and overgrazing can worsen the effects of a drought. Such

effects include soil erosion, dead crops, and forest fires. Droughts can result in high

food prices, causing financial 5…………………………….. for many. Famine caused by

droughts killed over 40 million people in the 20th century alone.

The 1930s drought in the central United States caused widespread crop failures. The

clouds of dust in the air were so 6…………………………….. that it became known as

the Dust Bowl. In some places, the drought lasted eight years. Other droughts, though,

have 7…………………………….. the Dust Bowl’s severity, lasting for decades or even

centuries.

It may be possible to avid some droughts in the future if we humans can

8…………………………….. the ways we use land and water. However, even if we are

15


9…………………………….. to change our ways, there is little we can do to stop

droughts which are caused by natural processes.

THE SCIENCE OF STRESSSUMMARIZE: Complete the summary below using the correct form of words from the box. One word is extra.

exploiting – lifestyle – guideline – longevity – lean – assembled – relieve – erode – minimal – compatible

Without at least a(n) 1…………………………….. amount of stress to give us energy,

we could not get through the day. However, a very stressful

2…………………………….. can have a negative effect on our bodies. Dr. Kathy Matt

and her colleagues are investigating what stress does to a body, and providing that

stress is not just psychological, but physiological as well.

When our body experiences physical stress, it produces two hormones that give

energy: adrenaline and cortisol. It also produces them in cases of psychological stress.

Dr. Matt and her team have 3…………………………….. a series of tests to show the

effects of stress on the body.

While running on a treadmill, the woman’s body releases a lot of stress hormones, but

she’s also 4…………………………….. every bit of energy they create. However, when

she is stressed psychologically instead of physically, the same hormones are created.

The problem is that the type of energy they provide is not 5……………………………..

with the situation of test-taking at a desk, because the physical energy cannot be used.

Too much cortisol 6…………………………….. the bones, weakening them and making

them more likely to break. This could create problems that have an impact on

7…………………………….., perhaps taking years of a person’s life. Therefore, it is

important to exercise regularly. Putting the body through the stress of exercise is one

way to 8…………………………….. psychological stress, thereby preventing its harmful

effects. And, it keeps a body 9…………………………….. by burning off extra calories,

too!

16


GOV. DAVID PATTERSONLARRY KING LIVE—CNN

Let’s go to the Governor of New York, a David Patterson. All right, 1.

…………………………………………………….. What’s your position on this proposed

Islamic community center and mosque? It’s gonna be

2…………………………………………………….., from Ground Zero. What do you

think?

‘Oh, Larry, I think that there is 3.……………………………………………………. statute

or any clause of the Constitution that would

4…………………………………………………….. there; and so, therefore, anybody that

thinks otherwise clearly is not realizing what it’s really been the bed-rock core of 5.

……………………………………………………..But I think the issue is…’

How about the area? Oh, I’m sorry. Go ahead!

‘Well, no, Larry. 6.……………………………………………………...’

All right. What about the emotional aspects? We are… Legally, of course, you 7.

…………………………………………………….., people have a right to Bill. How about

the emotional aspects of the 3,000 killed?

‘Well, that, Larry, 8. ……………………………………………………... You know, the

precept of Greek tragedies is that the right 9.

……………………………………………………... And that’s what I think is happening

here. 10.……………………………………………………..the reasons why the mosque

and the developers have every right. It’s 11.

…………………………………………………….. on it. But let’s look at what’s going on at

Ground Zero. First, they were 12.……………………………………………………..attack

on this country on our own soil. We were, in addition to that, a… subjected to 13.

…………………………………………………….. –service interruptions for years—and

then, people were 14.…………………………………………………….. in safety as they

were promised would not. And you’ve got a 9/11 Bill that we’re still 15.

……………………………………………………..to help the sick and the families of those

who were lost. Then you have 16.

17


……………………………………………………..perpetrators scheduled to be fought right

in the area. That issue 17.……………………………………………………... So I think

that the stationing of this mosque in that area really 18.

……………………………………………………..and creating great fear for the people

who live there. And I hear that fear, so what I’d like to do is 19.

…………………………………………………….., if possible, with those who are

developing and 20.……………………………………………………..the mosque.’

You have not talked to them yet?

Ah, we’ve talked 21.……………………………………………………... We had a meeting

scheduled for Monday, 22.……………………………………………………..the Imam was

still travelling in the Middle East, and we are hoping to get together 23.

……………………………………………………..wanna get together. 24.

……………………………………………………..at…at pressure or coercion here. I’d just

like to talk about what might be 25. ……………………………………………………..in

our history. We don’t want those who —terrorists 26.

……………………………………………………..— to have any more time than they

deserve fostering 27. ……………………………………………………... And it’s my firm…

It’s my firm belief that if we talk about ‘perhaps’ maybe some way of 28.

…………………………………………………….., which was to be 29.

…………………………………………………….., it would be a great day for this country.’

Simply put, Governor, if they asked you 30.

…………………………………………………….., would you ask them to seek another

location?

BEYOND BELIEF

BBC RADIO 4

Hello. In the last 4 days I’ve ordered a book from the New Zealand publishing highs, 1.

…………………………………………………… and booked my travel to Singapore and

Sydney on-line. Such easy communication is part of modern life, 2.

…………………………………………………… the communication of ideas, materials,

goods, information and people 3.…………………………………………………….

18


Many pundits predicted that globalization would kill religion off, but it hasn’t. 4.

…………………………………………………… religious beliefs and values. Religion, like

globalization, is a fact of life. 5.……………………………………………………? Does

globalization help faith communities? And can faith communities help to 6.

……………………………………………………?

Joining me to discuss Religion and Globalization are Martin Palmer, Secretary

General of the Alliance of Religions and Conservation, Dr. Sara Silvestri, senior 7.

…………………………………………………… from City University in London, and

Adrian Wooldridge, who is a columnist with The Economist and the 8.

…………………………………………………….”

So, Martin, globalization is a fact, religion is a fact, 9.

……………………………………………………?

Well, there you would argue that the earliest form of globalization were 10.

……………………………………………………. We go back to the 4th century, 3rd

century BC: Buddhism spreading out from India to, 11.

…………………………………………………… and going down into Sri Lanka. Of

course, Christianity, Islam have done the same thing. 12.

…………………………………………………… that the industrial mercantile business

world 13. …………………………………………………… of working across boundaries

and working, in fact, ignoring boundaries to a very great extent, 14.

…………………………………………………… that happened in the Reformation with

regards to the role of Catholicism. In terms of the impact the other way, the impact of

15.……………………………………………………”, I think it’s been quite dangerous at

one level because it has often led to the shedding of the local 16.

…………………………………………………….

Sara, good thing for religion?

I very much agree with Martin, but I would like to say that 17.

…………………………………………………… throughout the, throughout history,

19


actually religions have always had a universal, a global message. 18.

…………………………………………………… attractive and continuously important to,

to people in the world. And I think that 19.……………………………………………………

whether, on whether religion, globalization is good for religion or not because

globalization can be intended in several ways and 20.

……………………………………………………, actually, globalization is all about the

benefits of global communication, the spreading of communication systems and the

possibility of getting knowledge about religion.

THE MOON

We don’t know everything about the Moon. It’s still a very mysterious place.

1.…………………………………………………………………. transcient lunar

phenomena. Very occasional, 2.………………………………………………………………….; sometimes colour seen by

moon watchers looking through their telescopes. To some astronomers, they’re

evidence that 3.………………………………………………………………….. To many

more scientists, they’re most likely just tricks of the light and imagination. In this week’s

Discovery from the BBC, we look at the 4.…………………………………………………………………. the matter.

‘So, a few flights upstairs.’

It’s 3.30 in the morning and astronomer Arlin Crotts is leading the way to his small

observatory, 5.…………………………………………………………………. in Northern

Manhattan. The dome is 6.…………………………………………………………………. in

the last nine months. Whenever the Moon is in view, these instruments follow its path

7.…………………………………………………………………. hour after hour, night after

night. The goal is to spot and 8.…………………………………………………………………. fleeting mysterious events

over the Moon’s surface.

20


‘Here goes the dome opening. 9.…………………………………………………………………. the Empire State Building.’

‘Oh, yes, as the door is beginning to rise up, there is 10.…………………………………………………………………. the south Empire State

Building. I think I can even see the Chrysler Building. The Moon is 11.………………………………………………………………….’

‘Yeah, it’s rising nicely over Harlem. It’s about 12.…………………………………………………………………. so, to keep present, we’ll just

be tracking the Moon for several hours as it 13.………………………………………………………………….. About since the invention of

the telescope some four centuries ago, people have been observing the Moon and,

every now and then, 14.………………………………………………………………….. It’s

fairly consistent. Some little area of the Moon would certainly go poof and it would get

brighter or get cloudy. And it’s usually covering 15.…………………………………………………………………. as transient lunar

phenomena or TLPs. They seem to last typically 10 minutes, 20 minutes. As opposed,

a meteorite impact would just give you a flash 16.………………………………………………………………….. A really big one may be a

few seconds. This is a controversial topic. TLPs is a three-letter acronym 17.…………………………………………………………………. with U.’

‘UFO?’

‘Yeah, right. The problem with this science, it’s mostly people were looking at the

Moon for some other reason 18.…………………………………………………………………. so it’s a lot of anecdotal

information. And 19.…………………………………………………………………. but it’s

not really something that science deals with very well because, in a sense, 20.………………………………………………………………….. And if you can’t do the

experiment over again, it’s hard to do science. 21.…………………………………………………………………. these events on these

monitors, I think we’ll be doing science.’

Those who are inclined to think that TLPs are real physical events suggest the most

likely causes are 22.…………………………………………………………………. The

escapes blow up clouds of dust from the thick fine 23.

21


………………………………………………………………….. Some speculate that some

of the gas may be of a volcanic nature from deep within the Moon’s interior. If that’s the

case, 24.…………………………………………………………………. the Moon’s and the

Earth’s formation. It might even be of use to people when they start returning to the

lunar surface 25. ………………………………………………………………….. Paul

Speeders, of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in the United States:

‘If there are reservoires of gas 26.…………………………………………………………………. and these gases, these

volatible pockets, have something useful in them, yeah, I mean, 27.………………………………………………………………….. For example, even if it’s

carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, you can combine that with sort of hydrogen from

the soil to 28. …………………………………………………………………..’

22

languageiiumsa.pbworks.comlanguageiiumsa.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/51763226/LIS… · Web...

Documents

Transcript of languageiiumsa.pbworks.comlanguageiiumsa.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/51763226/LIS… · Web...