虚拟语气

• 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等 ( 在条件从句中 ) ；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 ( 在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 ) 。

虚拟语气的概念

虚拟语气

一、在条件从句中 ( 叫虚拟条件句 ) ，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况 ( 以 do 为例 ) ：

虚拟语气在 在条件从句中

表示与事实情况相反

条件从句的谓语形式

主句的谓语形式

表示现在情况

表示过去情况 上面 4 个情态动词 +have done

表示将来情况

过去式 (did)(be 常用 were)

Would / could / might / should ( 用于第 1 人称 ) + 动词原形 (do)

过去完成式 (had +done① 过去式 (did)②should + do ③were to do

Would / could / might / should + 动词原形 (do)

虚拟语气

[ 例句 ]1. If you had come a few minutes earlier,

you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。

( 与过去事实相反 )2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would com

e to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 ( 与将来

事实可能相反 )3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。 ( 与现在事

实相反，事实上我不可能是你 )

虚拟语气在 在条件从句中

1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.

3. If I knew everything, I wouldn’t be here.

= Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

= Were it sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.

= Did I know everything, I wouldn’t be here

虚拟语气

1 、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望 ( wish), 建议 (suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求 (demand, request, require, insist), 命令 (order, command) 等。

2 、除 wish 外，其它动词用 should + do 构成 , should 可以省略。

3 、 wish 接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词 (would / could) + do

虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中

虚拟语气

[ 例句 ]1. I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。4. He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。

5. He ordered that the students ( should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中

虚拟语气

4 、记住： insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 [ 例句 ]1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the bla

ckboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

2) The half smile on his face suggested that he was happy to have given his life for his country.

3) He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

4) He insisted that he was right.他坚持说他是对的。

虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中

虚拟语气

在句型 “ It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中， that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形

[ 例句 ]1. It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.

我们有必要出去散散步。 2. It’s natural that she should do so.

她这样做是很自然的。3. It’s important that we should take good care of the patie

nt. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

虚拟语气在 在主语从句中

虚拟语气

主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望 (wish / desire) 、建议 (suggestion / advice) 要求 (requirement / demand) 、命令(order, command) 等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.

Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.= ： We suggest that you (should) be there on time.

虚拟语气在 在表语从句中

虚拟语气

同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。

• The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.

• Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.

虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中

• We suggest that you (should) be there on time.

= Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time

= It is our suggestion that you (should) be there on time.

= It is suggested that you (should) be there on time.

虚拟语气

在 as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).

一、 as if (as though) 连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.二、 as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中

虚拟语气

1. if only 意为：若是 ... 那该多好啊 ; 真希望 ...; 只要 , 只要 ... 就好

表示现在的情况 , 应用过去式 ; 如果是过去的情况 , 应用过去完成时态

If only I had arrived in time!If only she didn’t drive so fast.

2. It’s (high/right) time that… that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或 sh

ould + do It’s time that you left here.

虚拟语气中的几个特例

虚拟语气

3. 在 would (had) rather( 宁愿 ) 引导的宾语从句中

当从句表示现在或将来的时间时 , 谓语动词要

用一般过去时 ; 表示过去时间时 , 谓语动词要用过去完成时。

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

I would rather he had not told me about that.

虚拟语气中的几个特例

虚拟语气

4. 一些介词短语 , 如 :but for( 要不是 ), without, otherwise( 否则 ), in that case( 如果是那样的话 ), 表示含蓄的条件 , 这时主句要用虚拟语气

Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.

虚拟语气中的几个特例

虚拟语气

1 、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用 (should) do 表示虚拟形式 , 主要用于名词性从句中。

2 、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。

简单的归纳

虚拟语气

1. Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.

A. would have missed B. had missed

C. would miss D. missed

2. If I had known you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.

A. had met B. met

C. would meet D. would have met

Exercises

A

D

虚拟语气

3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus ___ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone

B

A

B

虚拟语气

6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal( 吃得饱 ), though his parents feed him very well.

A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he __

_ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

C

A

B

虚拟语气

9. – Have you ever been to Beijing? -- No, but I wish I ___. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿ . A. breaks B. has broken

C. were broken D. had been broken

D

B

C

虚拟语气

• Homework:• Finish the exercise in English Weekly

about Subjunctive Mood

虚拟语气

Good bye