О.В. Трунова Н.В. Майзенгер Н.П. Широкова · Pollyanna Activity book...

Pollyanna

Activity book

LEARNING TO READ, REVIEW AND RELATE

Eleanor H. Porter

О.В. ТруноваН.В. МайзенгерН.П. Широкова

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего образования «Алтайский государственный педагогический университет»

О.В. Трунова, Н.В. Майзенгер, Н.П. Широкова

Learning to Read, Review and Relate

E. H. Porter «Pollyanna» (Аctivity Book)

______________________________________

Учимся читать, реферировать и обсуждать

Роман Э. Портер «Поллианна»

Учебно-методическое пособие по чтению

Барнаул – 2015

УДК 811.111(075) ББК 81.432.1я7

Т787

Трунова, О.В. Learning to Read, Review and Relate. E. H. Porter «Pollyanna» (Activi-

ty Book) = Учимся читать, реферировать и обсуждать. Роман Э. Портер «Поллианна» : учебно-методическое пособие по чтению / О.В. Трунова, Н.В. Майзенгер, Н.П. Широкова. – Барнаул : АлтГПУ, 2015. – 91 с.

Авторы: Трунова О.В., доктор филологических наук, профессор; Майзенгер Н.В., кандидат филологических наук, доцент; Широкова Н.П., кандидат филологических наук, доцент

Рецензенты: Бубнова И.А., доктор филологических наук, профессор (МГПУ); Серова И.Г., кандидат филологических наук, доцент (АлтГПУ)

Учебно-методическое пособие включает учебные задания для орга-низации аудиторных и самостоятельных занятий по роману Э. Портер «Поллианна» (E.H. Porter “Pollyanna” – Wordsworth Classics, 2011). Оно направлено на развитие коммуникативных (перцептивных, репродуктив-ных и продуктивных) умений, способствующих более глубокому понима-нию содержания романа и культурных реалий страны изучаемого языка.

Издание является частью комплекса, включающего книгу для чте-ния Э. Портер «Поллианна» (в электронном виде и на бумажном носи-теле), аудиокнигу (на диске), фильм, снятый по роману «Поллианна» (на английском языке).

Издание предназначено для студентов младшей ступени обучения лингвистических / гуманитарных институтов и факультетов иностран-ных языков, учащихся старших классов школ с углубленным изучением английского языка, а также широкого круга лиц, изучающих англий-ский язык (уровень Intermediate).

Рекомендовано к изданию редакционно-издательским советом АлтГПУ 12.11.2015 г.

© Алтайский государственный педагогический университет, 2015

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Настоящее учебное издание представляет собой системное учеб-но-методическое пособие, разработанное на основе оригинального тек-ста романа Э. Портер «Поллианна» (E.H. Porter “Pollyanna” = [Pollyanna] / E.H. Porter. – Wordsworth Editions Limited, 2011. – 174 p.

Основной целью пособия является совершенствование коммуника-тивных умений студентов на рецептивном, репродуктивном и продук-тивном уровнях, что предполагает способности понимать воспринимае-мое (reading / listening comprehension), подвергать его критическому осмыслению и передавать содержание в устной или письменной форме. Достижение цели опосредовано решением задачи систематизации язы-ковых (лексических и грамматических) навыков как автоматизирован-ного компонента выполняемой деятельности. В качестве сопутствую-щей, но не менее значимой задачи выступает формирование межкуль-турных компетенций как освоение отличных от сложившейся (родной) среды общения, социальных конвенций и соответствующих им ценно-стей, принципов, устоев, правил, традиций. Снятие культурных барье-ров способствует более глубокому пониманию проблематики восприни-маемого материала и характера действий участников сюжетно обуслов-ленных событий.

Учебное издание имеет модульную структуру, которая обеспечивает пользователю достаточную вариативность при выполнении внеауди-торных подготовительных заданий и определенную степень свобод в организации учебного материала во время работы в аудитории. Освое-ние учебного материала предполагает самостоятельное внеаудиторное чтение текста с параллельным прослушиванием аудиозаписи, сделан-ной носителем языка, что должно обеспечивать адекватность соотнесе-ния визуального восприятия текста и его звукового ряда. Студентам также предлагается просмотр фильма и дополнительный просмотр от-дельных эпизодов. Целью этого вида работы является ознакомление с приемами создания художественного образа участников описываемых в романе событий и возможностей его экранного воплощения.

Формированию коммуникативных умений сопутствует закрепление лексических и грамматических навыков. С этой целью в издание вклю-чены тренировочные упражнения на словообразование, повторение формообразования «неправильных» глаголов, упражнения по грамма-тике. Расширение активного словарного запаса и идиоматизация речи осуществляются введением наиболее рекуррентных фразеологизмов. В поурочные блоки включены устные и письменные задания репродук-тивного характера, способствующие выявлению уровня понимания прочитанного. Пособие содержит блоки повторения пройденного мате-риала, а также блоки промежуточного и финального контроля.

Предусмотрено выполнение творческих и проектных работ, направленных на овладение элементами анализа и интерпретации тек-ста. В этом случае в качестве опорного алгоритма студентам предлага-ется ознакомление с концепцией латерального мышления Э. Де Боно.

3

CONTENTS Предисловие …………………………………………………………………………….…………………..

About the author………………………………………………………………………………….….…….…..

About the novel …………………………………..……………………..………………………..………..….

The theme of orphanhood in fiction ……………………………………………………….….…

Unit 1. Chapters 1-3 ……………………………………….……………………………….………….…..

Unit 2. Chapters 4, 5 …………………………….………………………………………………............

Unit 3. General Revision ………………………………………………………..……………………….

Unit 4. Chapters 6, 7 ………………………………………….……………………………………………

Unit 5. Chapters 8-10 …………………………………………….……………………….………………

Unit 6. Chapters 11-13 …………………………………………...………………………….…………..

Unit 7. General Revision ………………………………………………………………..…………….…

Unit 8. Chapters 14-16 ………………………………………………………………...…..…….……...

Unit 9. Chapters 17-19 …………………………….……………………………………….…………….

Unit 10. Chapters 20-22 …………………………...……………………………………..…….……...

Unit 11. General Revision …………………………………………………………….………………...

Unit 12. Chapters 23, 24 …………………………..…………………………………..…….………...

Unit 13. Chapters 25-27 …………………………..………………………………….………………...

Unit 14. Chapters 28-32 …………………………………………………………….……………..…...

Unit 15. Joint Project Work ……………………………………………………………….…………...

Unit 16. Open Discussion ………………………………………………………………………………..

Basic Lexicon ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Basic Grammar Reference ……………………………………..……………………………….………

3

5

7

8

10

14

17

21

26

29

33

40

43

49

52

59

62

68

72

74

78

85

4

About the author just breathing isn’t living Eleanor Emily Hodgman PORTER (1868 – 1920)

Born a second child to the family of the earliest New England pilgrims’

descendents, a successful Littleton (New Hampshire) apothecary and furs dealer Francis Fletcher Hodgman and his wife Lewella, Eleanor Emily Hodgman grew a frail girl with susceptibility to illnesses and musical en-dowments. This brought her to the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, with the perspective of becoming a pianist. An unfortunate acci-dent causing wrist fracture upset her further career in the chosen field so that she had to change specialization to that of a singer. After marriage to John Lyman Porter, a Vermont businessman, the family spent some years choosing the place and working in Chattanooga (Tennessee), New York City and Springfield (Vermont) before finally settling as permanent residents in Cambridge (Massachusetts). It was there and then that E.E.H. Porter gave up her musical pursuit in favour of writing short stories for magazines un-der the pseudonym Eleanor Stewart.

Though not very soon, she started publishing her first novels (“Cross Currents” 1907, “Turn of the Tide” 1908, “The Story of Marco” 1911). When in 1913 there appeared a book which made E.E.H. Porter a celebrity in her own country and world over with the fame that outlived the writer a century, Eleanor (Hodgman) Porter was already an avowed writer with the two books of her famous trilogy about Billy (“Miss Billy” 1911, “Miss Billy’s Decision” 1912, followed by “Miss Billy Married” in 1914). But “Pollyanna”, which stayed on the American best-seller list for two years, is considered a “Publishing phenomenon”.

It was a tremendous success. By the end of E.E.H. Porter’s life in 1920 the book had survived forty seven editions. There appeared “Pollyan-na’s Clubs”. The novel was screened by the Walt Disney Productions, star-ring extremely famous actors. Later there appeared two more not any less popular remakes. The musical “Pollyanna” conquered Broadway. The play was staged in numerous theatres. Manufacturers created a doll, called Pol-lyanna. Computer technologists produced a “Pollyanna” computer game.

On readers’ demands E.E.H. Porter wrote a sequel “Pollyanna grows up” and further on kept publishing at least one novel a year. Out of her fifteen books six were recognized as best-sellers. “Just David” (1916), “The

5

Road to Understanding” (1917), “Oh, Money, Money” (1918), “Dawn” (1919), “Mary-Maria” (1920) still enjoy popularity among reading public.

The interest of the readers was so genuine and the desire to create a longer tale tracing Pollyanna’s further life so great, that after E. Porter’s death her publishers engaged other writers to develop the story and un-twist the intrigue. Thus there appeared twelve more “Glad Books” written by H. Smith, E. Borton, M. Chalmers and V. Moffitt in which Pollyanna got married, found new goals in life, travelled places and helped people to see the brighter side of life.

6

About the novel

a remedy for depression

Published three quarters of a century later than Ch. Dickens’s “Oliver Twist” and a quarter of a century later than M. Twain’s “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, “Pollyanna” though obviously much simpler than these and some other novels delving into the theme of an orphaned child, still fits in the line. Although Pollyanna’s fate is not so dramatic as Oliver’s, and her ad-ventures are not so amusing as Tom’s, her cheerful disposition, light-heartedness and the ability to always expose the brighter side of things make her attractive and admirable.

At times naïve, taking things at their face value, in other cases too in-trusive and imposing, Pollyanna is eager and ready to make everyone com-fortable (even if at other people’s expense). She firmly believes in a better future for all people and does not spare the trouble to find ways out of their deadlocks. However, this “Pollyanna principle” – to look for the good and keep optimistic no matter what – turns out ambivalent.

Undoubtedly, positive thinking which Pollyanna’s father taught her is the best way to cope with unhappy situations. It is not by chance that this strategy serves the basis for contemporary psychotherapeutic treatment – positive psychotherapy. On the other hand, the philosophy of blind opti-mism which means turning a blind eye to what is harmful and which is as-cribed to Pollyanna Whittier, never proves helpful. The social message ad-dressed to suffering people as well as the readers may be interpreted in the nowadays very current statement “everything could be worse”. People suffering tragedies in their lives need not empty words of bad outcomes denial, but considerate, comforting, and supportive attitude. It seems, pos-itive thinking implies perceiving things for what they are, thus recognizing both – positive and negative reality. Its core quality consists in founding internal balance and harmony with the outer world, which is not an easy matter.

Most obviously, it was the authoress’ intention to reframe people’s perspective to perceive and assess life in brighter colours that made her novel tremendously catching. There is no denying the fact that with her sunny personality, open-heartedness, sincerity and ingenuousness Pollyan-na has become sensationally popular in E. Porter’s country. There ap-peared Pollyanna “Glad Clubs” in which people were taught to practice “the glad game” as a sadness solving tool, and Pollyanna theatres. Official Pol-lyanna Glad Days are held annually in June in Littleton, New Hampshire.

7

The theme of orphanhood in fiction

“Every novel is about orphan-hood,

at least in figurative or imaginary sense” Marthe Robert

People’s concern with abandoned children reflected in myths and folk-

lore has found its way to fiction of many diverse cultures. Though the ways of exposing and assessing this social phenomenon may differ, which to a great extent depends on traditional world outlooks and certain societal conventions, obviously, its core and pathos show lots of similarities both in fairytales and fantasies as well as other literary genres. Abandoned chil-dren and orphans have been an apparent and recurring motif in literature for centuries, which is traceable with such classical examples as Cinderella, Little Snow-White, Pippi Longstocking.

The tendency to make an orphan central character, and monitor their ways up and their lives after is most prominent in all of Ch. Dickens’s nov-els. It also enjoys popularity with Ch. Brontë and Th. Hardy, J. Austen and G. Eliot, J. Webster and M. Twain. Biographers attribute the plausibility of their narrations to life experience, since many of the mentioned novelists, as well as fairytales’ writers – the Grimm brothers and H.Ch. Andersen – had to suffer through the despair of being neglected because of the loss of one or both parents. This, naturally, forced them to navigate their ways overcoming the unavoidable obstacles and hardships. So they had the un-happy opportunity to learn them from the inside.

It takes little effort to account for the orphan-hood phenomenon overwhelming interest in previous centuries since it used to be the fact of life then. Nowadays the social situation has changed, and so has the prob-lem. Since it has not been extinct entirely, people are seeking explanations for the mystery of the interest revival, as orphans continue to appear in fiction. Contemporary writers – J. Aiken, J. Lowery Nixon, Ph. Pullman, G. McCaughrean still make them central characters mirroring and hyperbo-lizing society problems. The late nineties of the previous century witnessed another outburst of interest for the fate of orphaned children. About twenty years ago, exactly in 1997 J. K. Rowling exploded the world publishing the first book of a long sequel featuring Harry Potter “to wake up famous” and … wealthy.

8

We will probably have to admit it is due to the kind of personality an orphan character presents. They are abandoned and lonely, enjoying and abusing false freedoms, very often emotionally insecure. When trying to penetrate into the core of the problem one may clearly comprehend that the sense of independence these fictional characters demonstrate, the ro-manticism of seemingly adventurous lives they live are by far exceeded by various kinds of deprivation caused by the absence of parental love and care. Though strong and dignified at first sight, deep in their hearts they are extremely vulnerable. They have to go through a labyrinth of experi-ences, and life’s threats learning their own often tragic lessons of self-discovery and self-reliance.

Nowadays scholars often say that orphan characters in literature mir-ror the state of society, particularly reflecting people’s emotional solitude and physical isolation. Don’t these stories then play a much greater role than that of mere entertainment for children? Aren’t they a relentless quest for the roots of some social and psychological problems?

9

UNIT 1 chapters 1, 2, 3

Vocabulary acquisition

1. Practise pronouncing the following words: composure, repose, explanation, refuge, remonstrance, sufficient,

drapery, gingham, sympathy, anxiously, opportunity, question, toward

2. Give the English for the following Russian expressions: убежище, сострадание, портьеры, обладать достаточно сильным

характером, гордиться чем-либо, укрепить самообладание, приготовить радушный прием, протест (возражение), задавать вопросы обеспокоен-но, полосатое (или клетчатое) платье, преданный слуга, спокойные манеры, быть одиноким (сам по себе), требовать объяснений, найти возможность, благожелательно принимать сочувствие, быть в наилуч-ших отношениях, удостовериться, обладать достаточно сильным харак-тером, неприятная неожиданность, делать что-либо в помощь, гордить-ся чем-либо, исполнять свой долг, сострадание, искренняя гордость за семью, утюг, непрерывный поток пояснений и вопросов

3. Explain the meaning of the following words and colloca-tions. Use them in sentences:

composure, remonstrance, aching sympathy, refuge, to perform one’s duty, to be by oneself, to make sure, to do smth toward smb’s support, to be on the best of terms, sufficient strength of character, opportunity, un-pleasant surprise

4. Translate the following collocations into English: to pride oneself on doing something, to add to one’s composure, to

ask for attention, remonstrance, an uninterrupted string of comments and questions, to demand anxiously, to find an opportunity, to perform one’s duty, to be on the best of terms, to make sure, honest pride in the family, an unpleasant surprise, to have sufficient strength of character

5. Attribute the following word combinations to characters and situations:

to perform one’s duty, a loyal servant, aching sympathy, to prepare a welcome for, an unpleasant surprise, to ask for explanation, repose of manner, to do something toward somebody’s support, to be by oneself, to

10

make sure, to find an opportunity, to ask for attention, to welcome some-body’s advice

6. Make up situations, using three expressions, given below: to find an opportunity, an unpleasant surprise, to ask for explana-

tion to pride oneself on, to perform one’s duty, aching sympathy prepare a welcome for, to make sure, to be on the best of terms, to add to one’s composure, to demand anxiously, to be by oneself to do something toward somebody’s support, refuge, to find an op-

portunity a loyal servant, to perform one’s duty, to ask for attention to add to one’s composure, remonstrance, to have sufficient

strength of character honest pride in the family, to welcome somebody’s sympathy, to

find an opportunity an uninterrupted string of comments and questions, to ask for ex-

planation to demand anxiously an unpleasant surprise, to have a sufficient strength of character,

repose of manner to be by oneself, to have a sufficient strength of character, to wel-

come somebody’s sympathy to find an opportunity, to do something toward somebody’s support,

to welcome somebody’s sympathy to welcome somebody’s advice, to make sure, to ask for explanation to ask for advice, to add to one’s composure, to pride oneself on do-

ing something

7. Render the following statements in English: 1. Мисс Полли жила одиноко. Казалось, она не испытывала нужды

в чьей-либо компании или в чьем-то совете. Она была сильной женщи-ной, спокойной и гордой. 2. Приезд племянницы оказался для нее не-приятной неожиданностью. Но она считала необходимым выполнить свой долг. 3. Полли гордилась тем, что она решила как-то помочь де-вочке, оставшейся без родителей. Ее дом должен был стать убежищем для племянницы. Она намеревалась честно исполнить свой долг. 4. Нельзя сказать, что девочке был приготовлен хороший прием. Комната ее была в мансарде под крышей. В ней не было красивой мебели и штор. И это стало для нее неприятным сюрпризом: ее ожидания тепла и уюта не оправдались. 5. В доме Мисс Полли всегда был порядок. Она требовала внимания и повиновения от слуг, которые были ей преданны и выполняли свои обязанности с усердием. 6. У Поллианны был хоро-ший характер. Она всегда находила возможность чем-то заняться. Она живо интересовалась всем происходящим и могла долго играть одна. 7. Поллианна быстро подружилась с прислугой. Она всегда с удоволь-ствием слушала советы кухарки. А та, в свою очередь, старалась об-легчить жизнь девочки в не особенно гостеприимном доме тети Полли. 8. Мисс Полли не особенно нравилось, что в ее доме поселилась пле-мянница. Девочка задавала много вопросов. Она беспрестанно о чем-то

11

говорила и вносила хаос в когда-то мирное существование тети Полли. 9. Нэнси глубоко сострадала девочке. И вскоре между ними установи-лись очень дружеские отношения. К тому же у Поллианны был очень сильный характер. 10. Нэнси всегда старалась сделать что-нибудь, что-бы помочь Поллианне приспособиться к жизни в чужом доме. Она ис-кренне сочувствовала девочке. А та, в свою очередь, благожелательно относилась к ее сочувствию. 11. У Поллианны была игра – искать во всем хорошее. Это помогало ей укрепить самообладание даже в очень сложных ситуациях. Поэтому со всеми окружающими она всегда была в самых лучших отношениях. 12. Поллианна привыкла жить небогато, поэтому рассказы о доме и состоянии ее тети пробудили в ней интерес и надежду на лучшее. Она нуждалась в заботе и тепле. И Нэнси, зная характер Мисс Полли, сама постаралась приготовить девочке теплый прием. 13. Нэнси искренне сострадала Поллианне. Однако ее беско-нечные разговоры и вопросы могли утомить кого угодно. Но Нэнси была горничной и выполняла все свои обязанности хорошо.

Character study

1. Introduce the characters and account for the impression they produce:

Focus on the text

1. Outline the situation: say what is in the centre of the intrigue and describe the foregoing events, predetermining the present situation

2. Describe the place of the action: its location, nature, accom-modation

3. Answer the questions: 1. What made Pollyanna leave her home place and join her aunt Polly? 2. Did she have to travel a far way? 3. Who helped the girl to reach the destination? 4. Who met her at the station? 5. Why do you think Miss Polly didn’t go to meet her niece herself? 6. What anticipations did the girl cherish on her way to the new resi-

dence? 7. Was she eager to meet her new relative? How is it made evident? 8. What did she experience on learning that Nancy was not her aunt? 9. Was she easy to console? Why? 10. What were Nancy’s feelings toward the girl? 11. How did she express her attitude to the girl’s destiny? 12. Was Pollyanna a cheerful little creature? What helped her to keep

her temper so well-conditioned?

Polly Harrington, Pollyanna Whittier, Nancy, Tom (the gardener), Timothy

12

4. Reproduce the situations: Miss Polly learns about her niece’s arrival Nancy is making preparations for the girl’s appearance Nancy is meeting Pollyanna at the station

5. Comment on Miss Polly’s attitude to the situation The servants’ view of the situation Pollyanna’s perception of the situation

6. Single out the most important happenings revealed in the second chapter. Arrange them in a chronological order.

When marking off and wording the events described, it is important to keep in mind that all the points of the outline should be formulated on a unified structural pattern.

• in sentences: 1. Polly Harrington gets a letter, notifying of her niece’s arrival. 2. She considers the situation and admits of her duty towards the girl. 3. Miss Polly orders Nancy to clear the room in the attic. 4. Nancy feels sympathy toward the girl and intends to prepare a warm welcome for her.

• in nominative phrases: 1) Polly Harrington’s irritation at receiving a letter 2) Miss Polly’s decision to do her duty; 3) preparations for meeting the niece

• in participial constructions: 1) getting a letter and feeling an unpleasant surprise; 2) recalling bygone grievance; 3) making a decision; 4) giving orders about the house

7. Give a short summary of the events described in chapters 1, 2, 3.

13

UNIT 2 chapters 4, 5


1. Give the English for the following Russian expressions: иметь удовольствие, (боязливо) затаить дыхание, с искренним

удивлением, с очевидным напряжением для собственного тщеславия, смотреть сразу во все стороны, поразительно захватывающая проблема, сделать замечательное открытие, слушать сосредоточенно, переживать последствия, научиться быть пунктуальным, радостно, ликующе скакать, весело пообещать, видеть в чем-то неприятную проблему, смелые по-пытки, заявить раздраженно, торжествовать, отстаивать с энтузиазмом, обнять восторженно / нежно, рассчитывать на

2. Explain the meaning of the following words. Think of exam-ples with these words:

vanity, wonder, consequences, discovery, cheerfully, triumphantly, af-fectionate, intently, frank, trouble, attempts

3. Give the missing derivatives and grammatical forms of the words in table I

Derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an exist-ing word by adding up affixes – suffixes like in the following examples: time – timely, timeless; or prefixes: pleasure – displeasure. The resulting outcome is called a derivative. Grammatical formations are built up with the help of inflections, like in the following cases: to remember – remembering, remembered.

Table I

Derivatives Grammatical forms Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Participle i Participle ii

to breath pleasure

wonderful exciting to suffer intently to declare punctual to declare triumphantly

vanity promised cheerfully

consequence

14

4. Translate the following collocations into Russian: to listen intently, to look in all directions (at once), to promise cheer-

fully, to give a rapturous hug, to learn to be punctual, to exult triumphant-ly, in frank wonder, wondrously exciting problem, to count on, to make a wonderful discovery, to maintain enthusiastically, to have the pleasure of , to draw one’s breath (tremulously), evident strain of vanity, to see trouble about, to suffer the consequences, to declare irritably, to skip gleefully, brave attempts, to give an affectionate hug

5. Attribute the following collocations to characters and situa-tions:

to look in all directions (at once), to give an affectionate hug, to have the pleasure of, to learn to be punctual, to make a wonderful discovery, to maintain enthusiastically, to suffer the consequences, in frank wonder, brave attempts, to count on

6. Make up situations, using expressions, given below: to promise cheerfully, brave attempts, to have the pleasure of, to see

trouble about, to suffer the consequences, to make a wonderful discovery, to exult triumphantly, wondrously exciting problem, to count on, to look in all directions

Focus on the text

1. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the formulas of agreement and disagreement.

Agreement Disagreement It’s true; I fully agree with (you / the state-ment / this opinion); I’m of the same opinion; I think so (too) Exactly so; What a coincidence (of opinions / ideas) As far as I am concerned; The way I see it; In my opinion; That's just the case

I’m afraid, it’s not so; I cannot accept this; I don't think so; No way (strong); I'm afraid I disagree; I totally disagree (strong); Not necessarily; I'd say the opposite (strong); No, I'm not so sure about that; That’s not the case; I wouldn’t say so

Duality or doubt On the one hand … on the other ….; There is something in what you say; I am not sure about it; I am in two minds; It’s nonsense (strong); This is only partially true.

1. Miss Polly Harrington was an elderly lady with a big family to take care

of. 2. She was on the best of terms with her kin and in-laws. 3. She was stern and demanding with her domestics. 4. Brought up with three younger children

15

in the family, Nancy was glad to welcome Pollyanna thinking of the happiness children brought to relations. 5. Miss Polly shared her mood and asked her to prepare the best room for her recently orphaned niece. 6. Miss Polly read and reread the letter informing her of her niece’s arrival, which came as a surprise. 7. Though she liked being by herself, and preferred quiet, the girl’s appearance might relieve the monotony of her life. 8. She delegated the task of meeting Pollyanna to her maid Nancy because she wanted to concentrate on the task of welcoming the girl at home. 9. She was absolutely sure that it was her duty to help the little girl who had found herself in a predicament. 10. The old gardener was also glad to see the girl though he couldn’t fancy how Polly Harrington would cope with the task of child upbringing. 11. He used to know Pollyanna’s Jennie and he seemed to love her. 12. He also witnessed Miss Polly’s better days when she was young, pretty and happy.

2. Answer the questions: 1. How did Miss Polly meet her niece? 2. What were her motives to

accept the girl in her home? Was it out of pity, the kinship feelings or social and moral duty? 3. How did she treat the girl? Was she right in this ap-proach to treating a child? How can it be explained? 4. Was Pollyanna en-thusiastic about the perspective of residing with her aunt? What did she exult at in this situation? 5. What hopes did the girl cherish on entering the house and later climbing the stairs? 6. Why do you think Miss Polly forbade Pollyanna to speak about her father? 7. Were there things that irritated Miss Polly about Pollyanna’s behaviour? 8. How did Polly Harrington try to justify her choice of the worst room in the house for тук niece’s bedroom? 9. Did Pollyanna like her bedroom? Why so? 10. Who helped Pollyanna to unpack? 11. What attire did the girl bring with her? Were the dresses new and beautiful? What does this fact show? 12. What consolation did Pollyan-na find on a more detailed inspection of the room? Did it cheer her up in some way? 13. What discovery did she make on looking out of the window? Did it add up to her consolation? How and why?

14. What decision did she make on this discovery? 15. What was the general order of serving supper in Miss Polly’s house? 16. What causes her irritation this time? How can you account for it? 17. How did she attempt to teach her niece to be punctual? Do you think this measure was a success? Why? 18. How did Nancy find Pollyanna?

3. Give an outline of the plot development of chapters 4 and 5. Formulate the points of the plot in complete sentences or nomina-tive phrases. follow the patterns : A. 1. Polly Harrington gets a letter 2. Nancy prepares a welcome or B. 1. Miss Harrington’s surprise at getting a letter 2. Pollyanna’s arrival

4. Compose two right and two wrong statements on the con-tents of chapters 4 and 5.

5. Discuss your statements with the classmates.

16

UNIT 3

GENERAL REVISION

Vocabulary revision

1. Give the English for the following Russian collocations: требовать объяснения, неприятный сюрприз, быть в наилучших от-

ношениях, выражение протеста, благожелательно принимать совет, ис-полнять свои обязанности, удостовериться, непрерывный поток поясне-ний и вопросов, сострадание, найти возможность, иметь удовольствие, с искренним удивлением, смотреть сразу во все стороны, поразительно захватывающая проблема, сделать замечательное открытие, научиться быть пунктуальным, видеть в чем-то неприятную проблему, переживать последствия, смелые попытки, отстаивать с энтузиазмом, рассчитывать на

2. Say in what situation a person may or may not have to: welcome smb’s advice, perform one’s duty, ask for explanation, listen

intently, learn to be punctual, maintain something enthusiastically, exult triumphantly, make brave attempts, look in all directions, suffer the conse-quences

3. Read and translate the sentences with the active vocabu-lary:

1. Miss Polly did not usually make hurried movements; she specially prided herself on her repose of manner. 2. Miss Polly took out once more the letter which she had received two days before from the faraway West-ern town, and which had been so unpleasant a surprise to her. 3. There were people who had openly pitied her lonely life, and who had urged her to have some friend or companion to live with her; but she had not wel-comed either their sympathy or their advice. 4. Miss Polly was glad that she was a good woman, and that she not only knew her duty, but had suf-ficient strength of character to perform it. 5. It was when Timothy was un-loading the trunk that Nancy found an opportunity to mutter her reprimand in his ear. 6. ‘Pollyanna,’ said her aunt sharply, ‘there is one thing that might just as well be understood right away at once; and that is, I do not care to have you keep talking of your father to me.’ The little girl drew in her breath tremulously. 7. Most eagerly of all her mind turned to the won-drously exciting problem about to be solved: behind which of all these fas-cinating doors was waiting now her room-the dear, beautiful room full of curtains, rugs, and pictures, that was to be her very own? 8. Pollyanna had made a wonderful discovery-against this window a huge tree flung great

17

branches. 9. No, Nancy, you need not call Pollyanna’ Miss Polly added se-verely, as Nancy made a move toward the hall door. ‘I told her what time supper was, and now she will have to suffer the consequences. 10. She may as well begin at once to learn to be punctual. When she comes down she may have bread and milk in the kitchen.’ 11. “Well, I like bread and milk, and I’d like to eat with you, Nancy. I don’t see any trouble about be-ing glad about that,’ Pollyanna declared cheerfully. 12. Quite as a matter of course, Pollyanna came straight to her aunt’s side and gave her an affec-tionate hug.

Vocabulary extension: figurative language

Animal idioms

a lame duck = an unsuccessful person in need of help dog-tired = very exhausted let the cat out of the bag = reveal the secret every dog has its day = everyone will get one’s chance as poor as a church mouse = very poor take the bull by the horns = to take decisive and direct actions

apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book compose short stories implying the sense of these idioms to let

the class guess what idiom is meant

Grammar consolidation: English tense forms

(to do these tasks turn to Basic Grammar References) 1. Complete the sentences, following the pattern: Pollyanna is a pretty little girl Nancy is… Aunt Polly …….. Tom is ……. Miss Polly’s house …… Pollyanna’s room ………. The garden, surrounding the house ……… Pollyanna’s disposition ………

18

The view from the window …… The girl’s expectations ……. Miss Polly’s intentions …….

2. Turn these sentences into the past tense form

3. Translate the sentences into English: 1. Мисс Полли была рада, что поселила Поллианну в мансарде. 2.

Нэнси объяснила Мисс Полли, что она не нашла Поллианну в своей комнате. 3. Садовник сказал, что девочка убежала в поле. 4. Поллиан-на сказала Нэнси, что отец научил ее играть в замечательную игру. 5. Она рассказала, как это все произошло. 6. Поллианна была рада, что приехала к тете Полли. 7. Тетя Полли не сожалела о том, что на ужин девочка поела только хлеб с молоком. 8. Поллианна не расстроилась, что ей пришлось ужинать в кухне. 9. Она сказала тете, что она всегда любила молоко и хлеб. 10. Мисс Полли была очень удивлена, что де-вочка пришла ее поблагодарить за скудный ужин.

4. Make up short stories on the following situations: 1) Pollyanna’s arrival; 2) Pollyanna’s expectations; 3) Pollyanna’s dis-

appointment; 4) Pollyanna’s positive thinking ; 5) Pollyanna’s memories of her family ; 6) Miss Polly’s irritation on reading the letter; 7) Miss Polly’s household; 8) circumstances in Nancy’s family; 9) Nancy’s attitude to her job; 10) Nancy’s reaction to Pollyanna’s suggestion of the Good game.

* Be careful about the grammar patterns you use

Focus on the text 1. Answer the questions: 1. What is Miss Polly’s family name? 2. How old is she? 3. How old she

was when her family split up? 4. What was the reason of this break? 5. In what state did Miss Polly live? 6. How old was Pollyanna? 7. What was Pol-lyanna’s mother’s name? 8. What was Pollyanna’s family name? 9. What was the date of Pollyanna’s arrival? 10. At what time was the train due? 11. What was the family name of the people who helped Pollyanna to travel the far way? 12. What was the organization that had taken care of Pollyan-na before she came to Beldingsville? 13. What could Pollyanna see from her room window? 14. What was Pollyanna’s wonderful discovery? 15. At what time did they have supper at Miss Harrington’s?

2. Recall the details of: the Harrington family break the circumstances that made Nancy look for a job Timothy and Nancy meeting Pollyanna Nancy’s refusal to leave the job at Miss Polly’s the aunt and the niece’s firs meeting Pollyanna’s first impression of the house Pollyanna’s consolation Nancy getting to know the Glad Game Pollyanna’s learning the Glad Game supper in the kitchen

19

3. Discuss the following: the family quarrel over Jennie’s marriage Miss Polly’s turns of the fate (as told by the gardener) Miss Polly’s demands for obedience Pollyanna’s flexibility in adjusting to circumstances

Focus on reading 1. Practice reading the following combinations of words. Ob-

serve the rules of pronunciation. the nearest tree-branch, at the back of the house, at the top of which,

beside the huge rock, at the moment, in the world, the top of that big rock, out of breath, the path that ran, through the open field, she was thinking, she was thinking

2. Listen to the recorded text and mark the intonation. Pollyanna had made a wonderful discovery—against this window a

huge tree flung great branches. To Pollyanna they looked like arms out-stretched, inviting her. Suddenly she laughed aloud. ‘I believe I can do it,’ she chuckled. The next moment she had climbed nimbly to the window ledge. From there it was an easy matter to step to the nearest tree-branch. Then, clinging like a monkey, she swung herself from limb to limb until the lowest branch was reached. The drop to the ground was — even for Polly-anna, who was used to climbing trees — a little fearsome. She took it, however, with bated breath, swinging from her strong little arms, and land-ing on all fours in the soft grass. Then she picked herself up and looked eagerly about her.

She was at the back of the house. Before her lay a garden in which a bent old man was working. Beyond the garden a little path through an open field led up a steep hill, at the top of which a lone pine tree stood on guard beside the huge rock. To Pollyanna, at the moment, there seemed to be just one place in the world worth being in — the top of that big rock. With a run and a skilful turn, Pollyanna skipped by the bent old man, threaded her way between the orderly rows of green growing things, and — a little out of breath — reached the path that ran through the open field. Then, determinedly, she began to climb. Already, however, she was think-ing what a long, long way off that rock must be, when back at the window it had looked so near!

Fifteen minutes later the great clock in the hallway of the Harrington homestead struck six. At precisely the last stroke Nancy sounded the bell for supper.

One, two, three minutes passed. Miss Polly frowned and tapped the floor with her slipper. A little jerkily she rose to her feet, went into the hall, and looked up-stairs, plainly impatient. For a minute she listened intently; then she turned and swept into the dining room.

3. Read the text out loud.

20



1. Pronounce the following words: аpologize, irresistible, enthusiasm, vouchsafe, experience, relaxation,

precipitation, porte-cochere, rapturous, triumphant, consequences, won-drously, conglomerate

2. Give the English for the following Russian expressions: особая награда за заслуги, очевидное нежелание, подталкивае-

мый непреодолимой силой, затаить дыхание, извиниться застенчиво, величественно пересечь комнату, вспышка сильного воодушевления, разнородные предметы, делать по очереди, удостоить (соизволить), дерзкий, волнующий опыт, чувство безвольного расслабления, восхи-тительный разговор, делать что-то бездумно, веранда для загара над входом в дом, шуба из меха морского котика, давать приятное ощуще-ние, вздох удовлетворения, с одинаковой опрометчивостью

3. Explain the meaning of the following expressions: to catch one’s breath, visible reluctance, conglomerate garments, to

take turns, porte-cochere, with (equal) precipitation, to do something with-out thinking

4. Translate the following collocations into Russian: to apologize timidly, to do something without thinking, to give a

pleasant sensation, a special reward of merit, with equal precipitation, to be impelled by irresistible force, to cross the room majestically, to take turns, a sigh of content, sun parlor built over the porte-cochere, imperti-nent, visible reluctance, to catch one’s breath, conglomerate garments, to vouchsafe, the feeling of limp relaxation, an exciting experience, sealskin coat, a delightful talk

5. Do a substitution drill, filling in the marked position of the collocation:

to give a sigh of content (relief, dissatisfaction, gratitude, under-standing, support, grief, expectation, boredom, joy, disagreement)

to give / produce / arouse a pleasant sensation (strange, unex-pected, surprising, wonderful, boring, tiresome, frightening, calming, intri-guing)

21

to promise cheerfully (enthusiastically, calmly, tiredly, reluctantly, warmly, eagerly, straightforwardly, clearly, unexpectedly, abruptly, con-vincingly)

to maintain enthusiastically (eagerly, secretly, devotedly, enthusi-astically, clearly, wholeheartedly, persistently, openly, reluctantly, persua-sively)

6. Compile a sentence with one of the practiced collocations and expand it into a situation, giving the reasons of the described state.

Follow the pattern: a surprising sensation- It aroused a surprising sensation. – It aroused a surprising sensation of inviting tranquility. – The sight behind the window was pleasing the eye. A carefully groomed garden lay before her. Huge trees flung great branches. Beyond the garden a little path through an open field led up a steep hill, at the top of which a lone pine tree stood on guard beside the huge rock. It aroused a surprising sen-sation of inviting tranquility.

Focus on grammar

1. Give the three forms of the verbs: Table II

Infinitive Past Simple Participle I разразиться, начать(ся) внезапно

оставлять, покидать забывать подниматься вести машину ловить принести пить качать рисовать наклониться трясти закрывать спать

2. Give the negative form of the following adjectives: hopeful - ___________, kind - __________, graceful -

__________resistible - _______________, tiresome - ___________, in-teresting - _______________, approving - __________, tactful - __________, excited - ____________, shameful - _____________, proper - ____________, grateful - ______________

22

3. Supply the missing derivatives and grammatical forms of the words:

Table III

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Participle I Participle II Joy

interesting to presume endlessly delighted remembering to concentrate impertinent perfectly horrified

amusement beautifying fearful to think

dignity

4. Translate the sentences into English: 1. Поллианна любила хлеб с молоком и не видела никакой беды в

том, что тетя оставила ее без нормального ужина. 2. Поллианна научи-ла Нэнси своей игре и с энтузиазмом доказывала, что это здорово. 3. Нэнси очень сомневалась, что у нее все получится и просила Полли-анну не очень то рассчитывать на нее. 4. Вечером Поллианна зашла пожелать тёте спокойной ночи и нежно обняла ее. 5. Необходимость читать книги Поллианна встретила с большим энтузиазмом. 6. Когда тётя Полли велела ей закончить чтение, девочка отложила книгу с яв-ной неохотой. 7. Они занялись тем, что разбирали разнородный пред-меты одежды Поллианны. 8. Женщины из благотворительного общества учили Поллианну готовить по очереди. 9. Покупка новых вещей оказа-лась восхитительным удовольствием для девочки, всегда носившей чужие платья. 10. Мисс Полли удивляло, что Поллианна принимала то, что она считала наказанием, как особую награду.


23

FOOD IDIOMS

cast bread upon the waters = act out of good feelings not expecting any reward cry over spilt milk = be unhappy about something that cannot be undone or returned the land of milk and honey = an imaginary place where there is more than enough of everything



Focus on the text

1. Worming up. Answer the questions: 1. What were the names of Nancy’s brother and Sisters? 2. Why didn’t

Nancy like her name? 3. What was the usual time for supper in Polly Har-rington’s house? 4. What did Miss Polly remonstrate with Pollyanna about? 5. Why did Pollyanna catch her breath when talking to Tom? 6. What for did Pollyanna always have to apologize to her aunt? 7. What was the source Pollyanna’s clothing? 8. Who was the school principal in Beldings-ville? 9. Who taught Pollyanna to cook? 10. What did she learn to cook? 11. Where did Pollyanna found a suitable place for her first night stay in Aunt Polly’s house?

2. Attribute the following expressions to the exact situations in which they are used in the text:

a burst of eager enthusiasm, conglomerate garments, an exciting ex-perience, to do without thinking, to give a pleasant sensation, special re-ward of merit

3. Give a précis of chapter VI

A précis is a way of making a summary in which the peculiarities of the summarized text are retained. The length of a précis may vary, though the common recommendation is that ее should not exceed one-sixth of the original text. In making a précis it is helpful to always read the text with a pencil in hand, so as to take notes of the most essential points or underline key sen-tences. Composing an outline is a worthy method as well. The next step consists in summarizing each part of the text on the basis of the outlined points, or the key sentences, just completing them with another sentence or two. If properly linked, they will make a coherent précis. It is important that a précis though concise should embrace the im-portant information. Do not express your opinion or debate the points.

To make your précis concise and logical

24

Character study

1. Trace the events described in chapter VII. Arrange them in a

sequential order. State which of them are more important for character drawing of Pollyanna and Miss Polly.

2. Give your opinion on these two characters’ essential traits of character

Duty as Polly Harrington’s life principle Naïveté, cheerfulness and unpredictability as Pollyanna’s distinc-

tive features

make sure the important events in the story are mentioned and clearly explained the logic of relaying them is strictly observed the body of the précis is complete and coherent the paragraphs of the précis are adequately linked the final sentence ties together all that you have summarized Avoid giving illustrations, examples, details supporting or questioning the author’s arguments interjecting personal opinions

25



1. Read the following words: Leisure, exhausted, vaguely, accordance, privilege, earnest, differ-

ence, conciliation, hospitality, inexplicable, imminent

2. Give the English for the following words and expressions: испытывать неясное сожаление, попросту говоря, работать ловко,

найти время для удовольствий, свободное время, неожиданная смена темы, абсурдный (нелепый), иметь секреты, передумать, торопливое примирение, говорить серьезно, неизбежный риск, абсолютно изнурен-ный, нести свой крест, необъяснимая причина, замешательство (сму-щение, недоумение), выглядеть одиноким, усесться поудобнее, приве-сти в порядок, быть благодарным, просить (умолять) разрешения, рабо-тать проворно, в соответствии с указаниями, не делать разницы (не иметь значения), уладить дела, гостеприимство дома, холодец, пред-сказывать (пророчить), искать

3. Give expressions contrary in meaning to those, listed below: working time, full of energy, to make no difference, to work slowly

and lazily, true to reason, a system of identical items (things), unfriendli-ness, to stick to one’s decision, to explain in a complicated way, clear rea-son

4. Explain the meaning of the following collocations: to settle into order, in accordance with order, leisure time, preposter-

ous, hospitality of the place, to change one’s mind, imminent risk, to prophesy, to have a skeleton in one’s closet, to make the difference, to take one’s cross

5. Give the English for the for the following Russian words and spell the English counterparts:

предрекать (предсказывать), абсурдный (нелепый), замешатель-ство (недоумение), обессиленный (измученный, истощенный), опромет-чивость (стремительность), ощущение, опыт (жизненный), смесь (набор разнородных объектов), непреодолимый (неопровержимый), разница

26

6. Say in what cases we may assert that a person: is impertinent / punctual / at imminent risk has or has had an exciting experience / sufficient strength of

character / suffered the consequences does one’s duty / something without thinking works deftly looks lonesome / wholly exhausted remonstrates

7. Form the missing derivatives and grammatical forms of the words:

Table IV

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Participle I Participle II change

to direct preposterous to prophesy

subject exhausted comfortably conglomeratic intending

reason to bewilder perfect sarcastically

8. Write a quiz on vocabulary lists of lessons 1, 2, 4

Character study

1. By now you have met several people who are well introduced by the authoress. From the description given to them and foregrounding their most prominent likes and dislikes, their preferences, their hopes and frus-trations. What they idealize and what they hate is shown by way of men-tioning the slightest details bypassing, out of which the personality arises alive and vibrant. By which of the few words given below you may define their dominant moods and the principles of their life-style.

Match the descriptive word and the character: Chart I

Character Positive Negative

Polly Harrington Pollyanna Whittier Nancy Mrs. Snow John Pendleton

27

adaptable, affectionate, agreeable, amiable, bright, com-municative, careful, compassionate, conscientious, consid-erate, courageous, creative, decisive, determined, diligent, easygoing, energetic, generous, hard-working, helpful, inventive, optimistic, orderly, persistent, rational, reserved, sensible, sociable, sympathetic, straightforward, warm-hearted

Positive

aggressive, arrogant, belligerent, boring, bossy, cantan-kerous, conservative, foolish, impatient, inconsistent, inde-cisive, inflexible, moody, narrow-minded, naughty, nerv-ous, obstinate, overemotional, patronizing, pessimistic, possessive, quarrelsome, resentful, rude, secretive, self-centered, vague

Negative

2. In chapter 8 Pollyanna gets acquainted with two new people. She

calls her first acquaintance “the Man”. describe this person assess him, say what impression he produced on Pollyanna and

what impression he produces on you complete character description of John Pendleton, basing it on

Nancy’s story about him in chapter 9 The other acquaintance is Mrs. Snow. reveal the prehistory of this acquaintance describe Mrs. Snow the way Nancy saw her say in what way Nancy’s assessment of Mrs. Snow differs from

that of Pollyanna’s comment on Mrs. Snow’s attitude to Pollyanna

Focus on the text 1. Discuss the following: Pollyanna’s daily schedule as planned by Miss Polly Pollyanna’s visits to Mrs. Snow Duty as the most important principle of Polly Harrington’s life Changes in home arrangements of Polly Harrington’s

28



1. Give the English for the following collocations: как само собой разумеющееся, последовательный опрос, абсолют-

но неправильно понять, задохнувшись от испуга (смятения), в ошелом-ляющем потрясении, под чьим-либо руководством, безутешный (пе-чальный, несчастный), приятель своего возраста, озарение прекрасной идеей, проводить кого-либо без колебаний, предстать перед (противо-стоять кому-либо) безбоязненно, безапелляционный (категорический, высокомерный) жест, заставляющий замолчать, изложить существо вопроса кому-либо, найти (изыскать) деньги, чувство опустошенности, достичь цели, оказаться на запретной территории, несмотря на разоча-рование, получить доверие, знать по опыту, изложить причину, быть в смятении, доставить сообщение, (желанная, приятная) замена кому-либо / чему либо

2. Read the following words: Questioning, entirely, dumbfounded, disconsolate, companion, hesi-

tate, amazement, peremptory, desolation, experience, systemic, disap-pointment, notwithstanding

3. Give the negative forms of the following words:

Positive Negative Positive Negative hesitatingly

systemic understand fearful questionable

experienced practical developed hopeful

4. Supply the derivatives and word-forms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb system

amazing to instruct

29

Wonderfully silence

experiential to substitute Reasonably to confront

sense

5. Explain the meaning of the following collocations: under somebody’s instruction, the dawning of a wonderful idea, to pi-

lot smb. into, to confront smb. fearlessly, to lay the case before smb, to get credit, to find oneself on a forbidden ground, to raise money, to give reasons for


A broken leg? Oh, Mr. Pendleton, how perfectly awful!

The collocation “perfectly awful” is defined as oxymoron. An oxymo-ron is a figure of speech that juxtaposes contradictory, logically incompati-ble words. As many other literary and rhetorical devices oxymorons are used for a variety of purposes. In this case it creates a humorous effect.

. Grammar consolidation the sequence of tenses

(to do the task turn to the Basic Grammar References) 1. Translate the following sentences into English 1. Однажды Поллианна принесла в дом котенка, которого она

нашла на дороге. 2. Она объяснила тете Полли, что пыталась найти его хозяина, но не смогла. 3. Тогда она решила, что возьмет его себе. 4. Она считала, что тетя Полли будет только рада, если у них появится маленький котенок. 5. Поллианне и в голову не приходило, что тетя Полли не захочет, чтобы в доме был котенок, которого она где-то подо-брала. 6. После долгих уговоров Мисс Полли согласилась с тем, что котенок останется в доме. 7 Поняв это по-своему, через некоторое вре-мя Поллианна принесла щенка. 8. В этот раз Мисс Полли даже не нашла в себе сил, чтобы сопротивляться. 9. Однако, когда менее, чем через неделю, Поллианна привела маленького мальчика и попросила тетю взять его к себе, потому что он нуждался в помощи, Мисс Полли категорически отказалась это делать. 10. Несмотря на это, Поллианна решила, что она все равно найдет приют для своего нового знакомого.

30

Focus on the text

1. Reproduce the episodes (reproduction implies a comprehensive rendering of the story, relaying the content of the text in full with strict accuracy and exactness, exposing dialogues indirectly)

Pollyanna trying to persuade Jimmy that there is a way out of his predicament

Pollyanna’s preparations for the Ladies Aid meeting Pollyanna’s attempts to reason with the ladies about helping Jim-

my Bean Pollyanna’s bewilderment at the ladies’ arguments on making the

decision

2. Comment on the following happenings: (the commentary should be based on the assumption that everybody present is acquainted with the development of the intrigue, that is why you have only to mention the basic issue by way of introduction and then offer your own perception, approval or disapproval of a person’s actions and your reasons for the kind of assessment you have)

Pollyanna bringing home a cat and a dog Pollyanna’s wish to help Jimmy Bean Aunt Polly rejecting to accept Jimmy and giving him a shelter Pollyanna’s decision to lay the case of Jimmy Bean before the La-

dies’ Aiders

3. Answer the questions: 1. Where did Pollyanna go after she had left the chapel? 2. Why did

she go there? 3. Did she like to walk on her own? 4. What did she call the days when there were no sewing or cooking lessons? 5. Why did she want the Ladies’s Aiders to have a walk in Pendleton Hill? 6. What surprised Pol-lyanna in the dog’s behavior? 7. What happened to Mr. Pendleton? 8. What did Mr. Pendleton ask Pollyanna to do for him? 9. Was she quick to fulfill the task? 10. What impression did Mr. Pendleton’s house produce on her? 11. What surprised Mr. Pendleton in Pollyanna’s actions and words? 12. What did Pollyanna think about Mr. Pendleton? 13. How did she explain to him that in fact he was a good man? 14. How did she try to help him while they were waiting for the help to come?

Character study

There is a general conception that some characters perform central roles while the roles of the others are qualified as supporting. So it seems im-portant firstly to attribute the degree of importance to the participants of the actions relayed in the novel. This may be drawn from your speculations on point 3 of the general review part.

31

1. Define the central characters. Support your choice using the text facts.

Writers have got quite an arsenal of means to give their characters an all-round presentation and make them look real. It is widely recognized that at first introduction a character’s appearance and some traits of disposition are stated directly, or described. The latter are further molded through the characters actions, attitudes, behavior in the occurring situations. This is an indirect way of creating a character, because in this case the reader is called upon to form one’s own judgment. Another means of making the picture complete is through the dialogue, since it is generally accepted that a person’s speech reveals one to the best. There also exist other ways of making a palpable image. They comprise exposing the person’s thoughts and ideas (internal speech), other characters’ talks and judgments, the writer’s digressions, in which the writer expresses a personal opinion of the character

2. Give presentations of the characters Aunt Polly Nancy Pollyanna Miss Snow Mr. Pendleton Jimmy Bean This task is meant to be done as project work

Project work is a creative activity of a team chosen at random. From among the team members choose the coordinator – a person who will be responsible for the order of work and leading the group discussion. By a corporate effort define the major points for discussion and arrange them logically. Discuss these points (in English) thoroughly. Make the plan of your presentation and follow it when exposing the achieved results.

32

UNIT 7

GENERAL REVISION

Warming up

Recall the data and answer the questions promptly: 1. Was it spring or summer when the events described in the book

were developing? What were the months? 2. What phrase did Aunt Polly use to repeat when speaking of Pollyanna? 3. In what part of Beldingsville was Miss Polly’s house located? 4. On what day did Miss Polly “do her duty” to Mrs. Snow? 5. How old was Mrs. Snow? 6. How long did she have to stay in bed because of her illness? 7. What was Mrs. Snow’s daughter’s name? 8. How did Pollyanna manage to attract the Man’s attention? 9. What was his name? 10. How and why did Pollyanna surprise Mrs. Snow one day? What dishes did she bring? 11. Why did Miss Polly visit Pollyanna’s room one day? Was it a planned visit or did it happen by chance? 12. What caused her decision to move Pollyanna to a better room? 13. Did Miss Polly like pets? 14. Did Polly Harrington appreciate the idea of taking a strange boy into her home? 15. What other steps did Pollyanna undertake to settle Jimmy bean’s life problem? 16. Do you think she will finally find a place for Jimmy? What makes you think so?

Vocabulary extension

1. Read the following words using the appropriate intonation pat-tern:

1. leisure, vaguely, accordance, privilege, earnest, difference, concili-ation, hospitality, inexplicable , imminent

2. apologize, irresistible, enthusiasm, vouchsafe, experience, relaxa-tion, precipitation, rapturous, triumphant, consequences, wondrously, con-glomerate

3. pleasure, breath, tremulously, vanity, directions, discovery, excit-ing, punctual, cheerfully, enthusiastically

4. composure, explanation, unpleasant, remonstrance, sympathy, suf-ficient, strength, honest, drapery, questions, anxiously, opportunity

5. dismay, questioning, amazement, disconsolate, unhesitatingly, peremptory, desolation, notwithstanding, substitution, gasp, forbidden, disappointment

33

2. Read and translate the following collocations: as a matter of course, systemic questioning, to misunderstand (smth.,

smb.) entirely, with a gasp of dismay, in a dumbfounded amazement, un-der somebody’s instruction, disconsolate, a companion of one’s own age, the dawning of a wonderful idea, to pilot smb. into … unhesitatingly, to overcome smb., to confront smb. fearlessly, with a peremptory gesture of silence, to lay the case before smb, to raise money, to gain the point, a sense of desolation, to find oneself on a forbidden ground, to get credit, to know by experience, notwithstanding the disappointment, to give reasons for, to be in a whirl, to deliver a message, a (welcome) substitution for

3. Give the English for the following Russian words and spell them:

опрос, непонимание, ошеломляющий, потрясение, смятение, без-утешный, без колебаний, безапелляционный, опустошенность, запрет-ный, разочарование, замена, несмотря на

4. Define the following notions: systemic, misunderstanding, disconsolate, companion, dawning, un-

hesitatingly, peremptorily, desolation, disappointment, substitution, whirl, fearless, experience

Focus on grammar

1. Give the three forms of the irregular verbs:

Table V

The Infinitive The Past

Indefinite Participle II

чувствовать разрешать толкать, протыкать

ломать, бить вскочить забывать вести машину расти поймать запрещать подниматься посылать брать падать учить прощать

34

2. Translate the following participial collocations into English: 1) опавшие листья 2) разбитое сердце 3) пойманный взгляд 4) запрещенные действия 5) выросшее дерево 6) забытое обещание 7) ощутимая симпатия 8) преподанный урок 9) отправленная телеграмма 3. Render the following situation in English using your active

vocabulary: Тетя Полли разрешила Поллианне взять в дом собаку. Но она за-

претила принять в дом мальчика, которого привела Поллианна. Это разбило надежду девочки иметь рядом друга своего возраста. Джимми почувствовал отношение Мисс Хэррингтон и вышел из комнаты. Полли-анна кинулась за ним. Она забыла про хорошие манеры, которым ее учила тетя Полли. Она поймала Джимми у калитки и объяснила ему свой план действий.

На следующий день она изложила ситуацию благотворительному обществу.

Она думала, что они помогут Джимми. Но женщины из благотвори-тельного общества решили, что это мисс Хэррингтон послала девочку. Возможно, поэтому они решили оказать помощь не тому, кто, нуждаясь в ней, был рядом с ними, а неизвестному ребенку в далекой стране.

Character study

1. Identify the person by the given description

1. She was an angel straight out of Heaven, but the old master and missus knew her as their oldest daughter. She was twenty when she married and went away from her parents’ home long years ago.

2. He was a good-natured youth, and a good-looking one, as well. Short as had been Nancy’s stay at the house, the two were already good friends.

3. She was a slender little girl in the red-checked ging-ham with two fat braids of flaxen hair hanging down her back. Beneath the straw hat, an eager, freckled little face turned to the right and to the left, plainly searching for some one.

4. He wore a long black coat and a high silk hat — two things that the ‘just men’ never wore. His face was clean shaven and rather pale, and his hair, showing below his hat, was somewhat gray. He walked erect, and rather rapidly, and he was always alone.

35

5. She was forty and quite alone in the world. For years, now, she had been sole mistress of the house and of the thousands left her by her father. There were people who had openly pitied her lonely life, and who had urged her to have some friend or companion to live with her; but she had not welcomed either their sympathy or their ad-vice. She was not lonely, she said. She liked being by herself. She preferred quiet.

6. Meanwhile the woman, frowning prodigiously, and openly scoffing at the whole procedure, was, in spite of herself, beginning to tingle with a feeling perilously near to excitement. ‘Humph!’ grunted the woman, eyeing her reflection in the mirror severely.

7. He was an old man. In his dim blue eyes, as he faced the house, there was the loyal servant’s honest pride in the family he has served and loved for long years. He told Pollyanna wonderful things of her mother, that made her very happy indeed.

2. Assess Pollyanna’s instant reaction to the situation in the

following cases: Encounter with Jimmy Bean Jimmy’s frustration at aunt Polly’s rejection to let him in the family

Focus on the text

1. State which events make the landmarks of the plot devel-opment

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. Speak about the intrigue development. Say between who and

who it evolves. 3. Describe the setting and the time of the action. 4. Give a short account of the events of the part under discussion 5. Say what problems are in the focus of the writer’s attention 6. Comment on the message of the story and the impact it may

have on the readers

36

Developing reproductive skills Learn to retell dialogues

Sentences may not merely relay events or describe people and situations. Often they “perform actions” like invitations (I invite you to a baby-shower party), suggestions (I suggest that we visit the exhibition), punishments (I forbid you to watch animations today), warnings (The root of the expe-dition is dangerous). When people have a talk it is usually purposeful. The aim may be to share news, ideas, opinions, as well as to make the inter-locutor or the audience do something or act special way. It may also imply apology, sorrow, readiness to help and the like.

1. Read the following dialogue and find words matching the actions. Choose the most suitable from those given below:

to ask / reques; to give details / information, / to offer explanation / to explain / to argue / to give arguments; to object / to instruct; to wonder / to inquire / to be puzzled / anxious; to agree / disagree; to account for / to reason; to promise; to advise; to offer / to suggest

1. Mr. Pendleton! Oh, are you hurt?’ 2. ‘Hurt? Oh, no! I’m just taking a siesta in the sunshine,’ snapped the man irritably. ‘See here, how much do you know? What can you do? Have you got any sense?’ Pollyanna caught her breath with a little gasp, but—as was her habit—she answered the questions literally, one by one. 3. ‘Why, Mr. Pendleton, I—I don’t know so very much, and I can’t do a great many things; but most of the Ladies’ Aiders, except Mrs. Rawson, said I had real good sense. I heard ‘them say so one day—they didn’t know I heard, though.’ The man smiled grimly. 4. ‘There, there, child, I beg your pardon, I’m sure; it’s only this confounded leg of mine. Now listen.’ He paused, and with some difficulty reached his hand into his trousers pocket and brought out a bunch of keys, singling out one between his thumb and forefinger. 5. ‘Straight through the path there, about five minutes’ walk, is my house. This key will admit you to the side door under the porte-cochere. Do you know what a porte-cochere is?’ 6. ‘Oh, yes, sir. Auntie has one with a sun parlor over it. That’s the roof I slept on—only I didn’t sleep, you know. They found me.’ 7. ‘Eh? Oh! Well, when you get into the house, go straight through the vestibule and hall to the door at the end. On the big, flat-topped desk in

37

the middle of the room you’ll find a telephone. Do you know how to use a telephone?’ 8. ‘Oh, yes, sir! Why, once when Aunt Polly— 9. ‘Never mind Aunt Polly now,’ cut in the man scowlingly, as he tried to move himself a little. ‘Hunt up Dr. Thomas Chilton’s number on the card you’ll find somewhere around there—it ought to be on the hook down at the side, but it probably won’t be. You know a telephone card, I suppose, when you see one!’ 10. ‘Oh, yes, sir! I just love Aunt Polly’s. There’s such a lot of queer names… 11. ‘Tell Dr. Chilton that John Pendleton is at the foot of Little Eagle Ledge in Pendleton Woods with a broken leg, and to come at once with a stretch-er and two men. He’ll know what to do besides that. Tell him to come by the path from the house.’ ‘ 12. A broken leg? Oh, Mr. Pendleton, how perfectly awful!’ shuddered Pol-lyanna. ‘But I’m so glad I came! Can’t I do—‘ 13. ‘Yes, you can—but evidently you won’t! WILL you go and do what I ask and stop talking,’ moaned the man, faintly.

2. Consider the dialogue between Polly Harrington and Polly-anna. Find words to render the actions performed by speech. Render the subject-matter of the dialogue.

It was about a week after the accident in Pendleton Woods that Pollyanna said to her aunt one morning: 1. ‘Aunt Polly, please would you mind very much if I took Mrs. Snow’s calf’s-foot jelly this week to some one else? I’m sure Mrs. Snow wouldn’t—this once.’ 2. ‘Dear me, Pollyanna, what ARE you up to now? Sighed her aunt. ‘You ARE the most extraordinary child!’ Pollyanna frowned a little anxiously. 3. ‘Aunt Polly, please, what is extraor-dinary? If you’re Extraordinary you can’t be ORdinary, can you?’ ‘You certainly can not.’ ‘Oh, that’s all right, then. I’m glad I’m EXtraordinary,’ sighed Pollyanna, her face clearing. 4. ‘You see, Mrs. White used to say Mrs. Rawson was a very ordinary woman—and she disliked Mrs. Rawson something awful. They were always fighting I mean, WE had more trouble keeping peace between them than we did between any of the rest of the Aiders,’ corrected Pollyanna. 5. ‘Yes, yes; well, never mind,’ interposed Aunt Polly, a trifle impatiently. ‘You do run on so, Pollyanna, and no matter what we’re talking about you always bring up at those Ladies’ Aiders!’ 6. ‘Yes’m,’ smiled Pollyanna, cheerfully, ‘I reckon I do, maybe. But you see they used to bring me up, and—‘ 7. ‘That will do, Pollyanna,’ interrupted a cold voice. ‘Now what is it about this jelly?’ 8. ‘Nothing, Aunt Polly, truly, that you would mind, I’m sure. You let me take jelly to HER, so I thought you would to HIM—this once. You see, bro-

38

ken legs aren’t like—like lifelong invalids, so his won’t last forever as Mrs. Snow’s does, and she can have all the rest of the things after just once or twice.’ 9. ‘Him’? ‘He’? ‘Broken leg’? What are you talking about, Pollyanna?’ Pollyanna stared; then her face relaxed. 10. ‘Oh, I forgot. I reckon you didn’t know. You see, it happened while you were gone. It was the very day you went that I found him in the woods, you know; and I had to unlock his house and telephone for the men and the doctor, and hold his head, and everything. And of course then I came away and haven’t seen him since. But when Nancy made the jelly for Mrs. Snow this week I thought how nice it would be if I could take it to him in-stead of her, just this once. Aunt Polly, may I?’ 11. ‘Yes, yes, I suppose so,’ acquiesced Miss Polly, a little wearily. ‘Who did you say he was?’ 12. ‘The Man. I mean, Mr. John Pendleton.’ Miss Polly almost sprang from her chair. ‘JOHN PENDLETON!’ 13. ‘Yes. Nancy told me his name. Maybe you know him.’ Miss Polly did not answer this. Instead she asked: 14. ‘Do YOU know him? Pollyanna nodded. 15. ‘Oh, yes. He always speaks and smiles—now. He’s only cross OUTSIDE, you know. I’ll go and get the jelly. Nancy had it ‘most fixed when I came in,’ finished Pollyanna, already halfway across the room. 16. Pollyanna, wait! Miss Polly’s voice was suddenly very stern. I’ve changed my mind. I would prefer that Mrs. Snow had that jelly to-day—as usual. That is all. You may go now.’ Pollyanna’s face fell. 17. ‘Oh, but Aunt Polly, HERS will last. She can al-ways be sick and have things, you know; but his is just a broken leg, and legs don’t last—I mean, broken ones. He’s had it a whole week now.’ 18. ‘Very well, Pollyanna,’ she said at last , still in that queer voice, so un-like her own; ‘you may you may take the jelly to Mr. Pendleton as your own gift. But understand: I do not send it. Be very sure that he does not think I do!’ ‘Yes’m—no’m—thank you, Aunt Polly,’ exulted Pollyanna.

Focus on the text

Discuss the situations Say if Pollyanna’s positive disposition influenced her aunt. Give

examples to prove your point of view Comment on how Pollyanna taught people to play the “Glad

Game” Explain Pollyanna’s motifs and aims in helping people out of diffi-

culties (from psychological and social standpoints) Think and say if the life in Beldingsville changed with Pollianna’s

appearance. Support your ideas with examples. Prove or disprove that in Pollyanna’s naivety there is a lot of good

will and a great desire to make people happy. Give your arguments.

39


Vocabulary acquisition 1. Give the English for the following Russian words and ex-

pressions: в ошеломляющем потрясении, под чьим-либо руководством, изыс-

кать деньги, изложить существо вопроса кому-либо, безапелляцион-ный жест, оказаться в запретной зоне, получить доверие, несмотря на разочарование, замена, знать по опыту, доставить сообщение, изло-жить причину, чувство опустошенности, предстать перед кем-либо без-боязненно, охватить, как само собой разумеющееся, безутешный (пе-чальный, несчастный), достичь цели, абсолютно неправильно понять, приятель своего возраста, быть в смятении, озарение прекрасной иде-ей, задохнувшись от смятения, проводить кого-либо без колебаний, последовательный опрос

2. Read words and expressions and translate them into Rus-

sian: remorseful memories, at the appointed place, to show keen disap-

pointment, no matter what, to meet with an accident, to shift impatiently from one foot to the other, a slight delay, imperturbably, an extensive per-sonal acquaintance, a wonder-working tonic, overwhelming unquenchable gladness for everything, a sumptuously furnished (bed)room, till dooms-day, to look at smth from a certain standpoint, on account of, to deny one-self smth, open skepticism, to tell smb. outright that, in absurd fashion, an odd throb of joy, alight with excitement and surprise, to forget one’s de-termination, bedecked, to get the prescription filled, to consider smth for a moment

3. Explain the meaning of the given expressions: to meet with an accident, imperturbably, wonder-working, over-

whelming, till doomsday, to deny oneself smth, skepticism, absurd fashion, disconsolate, dawning, to get some (give somebody) credit, to be in a whirl

4. Make up situations, using one of the given expressions: till doomsday, to deny oneself smth, the dawning of a wonderful idea,

to find oneself on a forbidden ground, to have a skeleton in one’s closet, to change one’s mind

40

5. Fill in the boxes of the table with adjectival derivatives – positive (+) and negative ( – ):

Table VI

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective + – + –

remorse conciliation gratitude hospitality

fear explication patience success

consolation reward comfort hope


BODY IDIOMS



Focus on the text 1. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the ex-

pressions given below are used:

meet with an accident wonder-working tonic till doomsday to get the prescription filled

To render direct speech indirectly make use of introductory words, stating the kind of action the inter-locutors perform by uttering their sentences. They may be - asking for permission - trying to persuade smb. or explain smth. - letting other people do smth. - inquiring - arguing - apologizing - disagreeing

have one’s hands full = be very busy keep one’s nose clean = stay out of trouble lend someone a hand = help someone pick somebody’s brain = borrow ideas pull someone’s leg = play a joke by

41

2. Chapter XIV may be split into four parts with the following head-ings:

Pollyanna discussing the appropriateness of the Glad Game Pollyanna inventing a new way of helping Jimmy Bean Pollyanna bringing forth the idea of feeding up Mr. Pendleton Miss Polly consenting to Pollyanna’s appeal

Comment on these situations, paying special attention to maturation of Pollyanna’s reasoning Pollyanna’s resourcefulness Pollyanna’s persuasiveness and her aunt’s intractability the motivation of Miss Polly’s final approval of Pollyanna’s plan

3. Chapter XV also comprises several episodes. Frame these epi-sodes:

4. Single out and discuss the messages of these episodes: 5. Give a summary of chapter XVI

As distinct from a précis (which is a brief rendering of the text, that summarizes its contents in such a way that gives the producer an oppor-tunity to quickly introduce the readers or listeners into the situation and acquaint them with a large body of the story), as well as from an outline (which clearly reveals a logical, sequential, temporal or hierarchical struc-ture of the text) a summary is the type of short retelling in which one may give examples, use quotations, draw comparisons and express opinions. It is advisable that only the most important points of the text should be covered so that they make a string of landmarks and details skipped. A précis differs from an outline in being a logical arrangement of complete and interconnected statements.

42


Vocabulary revision

1. Read words and collocations and translate them into Rus-sian:

remorseful memories, to shift impatiently from one foot to the other, an extensive personal acquaintance, overwhelming unquenchable gladness for everything, to find oneself on a forbidden ground, the dawning of a wonderful idea, under somebody’s instruction, to raise money, in a dumb-founded amazement, with a peremptory gesture of silence, to be in a whirl, to pilot smb. into … unhesitatingly, to get (a bit of / some) credit, a (wel-come) substitution for, a sumptuously furnished (bed)room, with a gasp of dismay, to overcome smb., a companion of one’s own age, to misunder-stand (smth., smb.) entirely, as a matter of course (fact)

2. Give the English for the following Russian words and word-combinations:

в назначенном месте, не важно (независимо от того), что / как, небольшая задержка, невозмутимо, до Судного дня, смотреть на что-то с определенной позиции (точки зрения), по причине, отказывать себе в чем-то, высказать прямо, в абсурдной манере, выполнять предписание, как само собой разумеющееся, безутешный (печальный, несчастный), предстать перед (противостоять кому-либо) безбоязненно, знать по опыту, изложить причину (мотив, оправдание, основания), несмотря на разочарование, оказаться в запретной зоне (на запретной территории), чувство опустошенности, изложить существо вопроса кому –либо, до-ставить сообщение, украшенный (нарядный), открытый скептицизм, попасть в аварию (несчастный случай), забыть о своем твердом наме-рении, чудодействующее тонизирующее средство, достичь цели

3. Give the English for the words listed below and spell them: ошеломленный, безутешный, несмотря на, без колебаний, без-

апелляционный, опустошенность, опыт, замена, сожалеющий (полный раскаяния), несчастный случай, невозмутимо, неугасимый, роскошный, скептицизм, волнение, предписание

43

4. write a Quiz Translate the word-combinations into English: 1. Как само собой разумеющееся 2. Задохнувшись от смятения 3. В ошеломляющем удивлении 4. Безутешный 5. Предстать перед кем-либо безбоязненно 6. Безапелляционный жест 7. Чувство опустошенности 8. Оказаться в запретной зоне 9. Знать по опыту 10. Несмотря на разочарование 11. Воспоминания, полные раскаяния 12. Небольшая задержка 13. Невозмутимо, преспокойно 14. Чудодействующее тонизирующее средство 15. По причине 16. Отказывать себе в чем-то 17. Забыть о своем твердом намерении 18. Украшенный, нарядный 19. Выполнять предписание 20. Обдумывать (взвешивать) минуту

5. Give the three forms of the verbs: Table VII

The Infinitive The Past Simple Participle II

оставлять, покидать забывать поймать пить рисовать, чертить трясти закрыть разбить запрещать терять прятать разразиться, взорваться

подняться расти вести машину

44



прощающий человек, неблагодарное отношение, иногда (редко), утонченный, нервная раздражительность, трепетный (благоговейный) голос, поглядеть презрительно, возбужденно настаивать, казаться не-доверчивым, непрошенные (нежеланные) домочадцы, перевести разго-вор на другой объект, семейный доктор, быть не в духе (не в ладах с…), обслуживать, предварительные экзамены, быть хорошо развитым, признаваться, дремать, продвинуться дальше введения, слабое сомне-ние, передозировать, раздражаться (роптать) по поводу правил и пред-писаний, принести счастье в чью-то жизнь, мерцать

2. Define the notions expressed by the following word combi-

nations: a family physician, to be out of sorts with, preliminary examinations,

to be well advanced, once in a while, to turn the conversation to another subject, to confess

3. Say in what situations we may assess a person’s reaction or

behavior as: ungrateful, nervous, awestruck, scornful, fretful, incredulous, forgiv-

ing, exquisite


The following collocations – nervous fretfulness, awestruck voice, lonely life, fascinated eyes – used by the authoress, exemplify enallage.

Enallage [ɪˈnæləɡɪ] (эналага) is a figure of speech, the type of metony-my, consisting in the transfer of an attribute or an epithet from one word to another through association by contiguity with the function of emphasiz-ing the described phenomenon.

Her rapt eyes were still on the dancing flecks of color from the

prism pendants swaying in the sunlit window. <…> For a moment there was silence. Then a low voice from the bed said unsteadily: ‘Perhaps; but I’m thinking that the very finest prism of them all is yourself, Pollyanna.’

“a low voice said” is a (trite) metonymy, a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object for that of another to which it is relat-ed (“trite” means lacking originality or borrowed, not coined on an immedi-ate impulse.) “”the very finest prism is yourself” is a metaphor, a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actu-ally have something in common.

45

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech

http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/figuresterms.htm

Grammar consolidation Types of questions

(to do the tasks turn to the Basic Grammar Reference)

1. Put general questions to the following sentences: 1. Nancy was listening to Pollyanna’s story of Mr. Pendleton’s accident

open-mouthed. 2. Pollyanna had to unlock Mr. Pendleton’s house and tele-phone for the men and the doctor. 3. Pollyanna wanted to take some jelly to Mr. Pendleton instead of Mrs. Snow. 4. An elderly woman was hanging out clothes in the back yard of Mr. Pendleton’s house. 5. Pollyanna went to the side door and rang the bell. 6. A familiar-looking small dog bounded up the steps to greet her. 7. The doctor, coming into the hall at that moment, heard the woman’s words and saw the disappointed look on Pollyanna’s face. 8. Behind the doctor, a young man (a trained nurse from the nearest city) gave a disturbed exclamation. 8. In accordance with the doctor’s or-ders Pollyanna was being escorted to John Pendleton’s rooms. 9. Pollyanna saw at once that great changes had taken place. 10. A moment later Polly-anna found herself in a sumptuously furnished bedroom.

2. Turn the following sentences into disjunctive questions: 1. Pollyanna spent a wonderful half-hour with Mr. Pendleton

……………….? 2. The box was full of treasures ……………? 3. John Pendleton told her an entertaining story about a set of exquisitely carved chessmen from China…………? 4. The visit, certainly, was a delightful one……………..? 5. Pollyanna was realizing that they were talking about something besides the wonderful things in the beautiful carved box…………..? 6. They were talking of herself, of Nancy, of Aunt Polly, and of her daily life ……………..? 7. John Pendleton wanted Pollyanna to come to see him more often……………? 8. After supper that evening, Pollyanna told Nancy all about Mr. John Pend-leton’s wonderful carved box, and the still more wonderful things it con-tained……………...? 9. As the warm August days passed, Pollyanna went very frequently to the great house on Pendleton Hill…………? 10. She had twice tried to tell Mr. Pendleton about the good game ……………….? 11. But neither time had she got beyond the beginning of what her father had said …………..?

Focus on the text

1. Define the following statements as right or wrong and explain your reasons:

Chart 2

The statement Right (+)

Wrong (-)

1

Mr. Pendleton often sent for Pollyanna when he was bedridden. He seemed to need her, though when she came he showed neither happiness no gratitude.

46

2 To improve the situation Pollyanna immediately started to teach the bedridden man to play the “glad game” at which he excelled very fast.

3 Mr. Pendleton always welcomed Pollyanna’s stories about her Aunt Polly thus admitting he liked the lady and the memories of her were dear to him.

4 When one day Pollyanna fell ill she came to know that their family physician was not Dr. Chilton. She also became aware that Aunt Polly did not welcome any reference to that man.

5 There is no denying though that Pollyanna had a very good influence on Mr. Pendleton. Even when he was out of sorts with the world she managed to cheer him up and encourage him to change his pessimistic views.

6 Pollyanna was a mischievous child. She liked to finger the antique objects in Mr. Pendleton’s house and once she broke a wonderful candle-stick with crystal pendants.

7 On one occasion Pollyanna told Mr. Pendleton about her game. Her inspiration to do so came with the shimmering lights from the swinging prisms that gave a rainbow hues in the sun.

8 Mr. Pendleton was so eager to please Pollyanna that he did not spare the most precious belong-ings of his.

2. Develop the following sentences into situations: For Pollyanna this visit to Mr. Pendleton was certainly a delightful

one. After supper that evening, Pollyanna told Nancy all about Mr. John

Pendleton’s wonderful carved box, and the still more wonderful things it contained.

It was after Mr. Pendleton found out Pollyanna was Miss Polly’s niece that he said he didn’t ever want to see her again.

Most probably Pollyanna reminded Mr. Pendleton of something he wanted to forget.

3. Complete the sentences: 1. As the warm August days passed, Pollyanna… 2. He talked to her and he showed her many strange and beautiful

things… 3. As for telling him the ‘glad game,’ and trying to get him to play it,

Pollyanna .. 4. She talked to Mr. Pendleton about her aunt… 5. Aunt Polly seemed particularly bitter against Dr. Chilton….

47

6. It was toward the end of August that Pollyanna, making an early morning call on John Pendleton….

7. Suddenly a new thought came to John Pendleton… 8. The room had become a fairyland … 9. Pollyanna told Mr. Pendleton the story of how she had wanted a

doll… 4. Bring all of the sentences you’ve got together and link the sen-

tences with special connectors (so, as a result of it, in the long run, finally, that is why, most probably) to make a coherent retelling of chapter XVIII.

5. Answer the following disjunctive questions: 1. Pollyanna was not very busy at school and could still pay much at-

tention to her friends, couldn’t she? 2. One day Mr. Pendleton proposed that Pollyanna should move to his house instead of living at Aunt Polly’s, didn’t he? 3. At first Pollyanna didn’t agree to this proposal, did she? 4.Then she attributed Mr. Pendleton’s desire to his long cherished love of Aunt Polly, didn’t she? 5.So she was glad they both would join Mr. Pend-leton, wasn’t she? 6. There were few things to discuss about the proposal, were there? 7. But Mr. Pendleton had no intention to invite Polly Harrington and make him company in his house, did he? 8. Pollyanna could not figure out what it all might mean, could she? 9. When D. Chilton came to visit his patient he could hardly guess what made Mr. Pendleton’s heart beat so wildly, could he? 10. Mr. Pendleton confessed it was because of Pollyanna, didn’t he?

48


Vocabulary acquisition 1. Give the Russian for the following English words and collo-

cations: a special request, sudden decision, to get everything settled, to puz-

zle out, an ungratified wish, to lose one’s patience, a very dutiful woman, with a clean conscience, to put one’s fingers on, a faithful dog, inaudible, to brace oneself, to make the exchange, to touch smb’s heart, in tumult, wagging tongues, the last straw, conscientious workers, to be acutely aware of, a hypocrite, a bitter denunciation, plague, listlessly, encourage-ment, contagious

2. Answer the questions and give your arguments: 1. In what cases may a person lose patience? Is it the result of a rea-

sonable thinking or rather an emotional reaction? Is it excusable? 2. Whom can we call a dutiful person? Is this trait of character inborn or may it be developed in a person by way of upbringing? What happens when it is brought to excess? 3. In what situations a person may need to brace one-self? Is this an easy action? What should one do to control one’s attitude to the happenings? 4. What may touch a person’s heart? Is this notion of a sentimental value? Is it necessarily a positive event or may it also be nega-tive? If it happens so, what response may there be? 5. When do we say “the last straw breaks the camel’s back”? Does it mean that the event is too much for a person’s endurance? Who then is responsible for the situa-tion’s occurrence: a person oneself, when one bites off more than one can chew, or the circumstances in which a person happens to find oneself? 6. Do you think people need encouragement? Is encouragement a better stimulus than reproach? 7. Who, when and why do we call faithful? Who or what may a person be faithful to? Is faithfulness a virtue, a necessary qual-ity in friendship and deals, a useless sentiment? 8. Do you think that wag-ging (“wagging tongues”) is just annoying or is it a dishonourable conduct?

49

Vocabulary extension: figurative language BODY IDIOMS

apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book

compose short stories implying the sense of these idioms to let the class guess what idiom is meant

Focus on the text

3. Agree or disagree with the statements given below. Supply supporting arguments.

Introduce your own statements expressing consent or the difference of opinion using special clichés: I don’t think that…, It doesn’t seem true to affirm that…, I’ve got a different idea about…, Frankly speaking, I don’t share the opinion that…, the statement doesn’t seem to reveal the true situation… OR This is really so…, I am totally on your side…, That’s what it seems to be…, Apparently, this is right…

1. It seems that at her age Pollyanna should have grown out of that

childish naïvety of hers. In some situations the girl is too imposing with her “glad game” and may annoy people.

2. Anyway, she gradually starts realizing that there are cases in which one cannot offer a person to find good about absolutely anything.

3. Pollyanna’s curiosity sometimes brought her to awkward situa-tions.

4. Her mind is undoubtedly analytical, and her wrong guesses about people’s relations may be ascribes to age-specific understanding and lack of life experience.

5. There are numerous examples showing that when facing the prob-lem of choice Pollyanna is unhesitant in her decisions.

6. Irritability and impatience were utterly contrary to Pollyanna’s na-ture. She intuitively knew how to find her way with people. That is why many of those who knew her loved her.

7. Since Pollyanna’s arrival her relations with Aunt Polly haven’t changed to the better. Miss Harrington remained stern and distant, which made Pollyanna think of accepting John Pendleton’s proposal.

have a finger in every pie = interfere in all activities not lift a finger = make no efforts all fingers thumbs = a clumsy person hold one’s tongue = say nothing tongues are wagging = spread rumours on the tip of one’s tongue = have difficulty in expressing something one knows well

50

8. Pollyanna’s desire to help Jimmy was granted. Finally there turned out many people who wanted to adopt the boy. And John Pendleton felt discouraged on learning that he was outstipped.

4. Reproduce situations: 1. Dr. Chilton giving Pollyanna a lift to the Harrington Estate 2. John Pendleton’s proposal 3. Pollyanna’s refusal and a return offer 4. Pollyanna’s encounter with Paul Ford 5. Comment on the change in Miss Polly and Pollyanna’s rela-

tions 6. Discuss the following statement: “Men and women need encouragement. Their natural resisting powers

should be strengthened not weakened… Instead of always harping on a man’s faults, tell him of his virtues. <…> Hold up to him his better self, his real self so that he can dare and do and win out”.

51

UNIT 11

General revision

Vocabulary revision

1. Translate the given words and word combinations into Eng-lish (to be done on cards)

№ 1 *требовать объяснения *смелые попытки *особая награда за заслуги *работать ловко, проворно *иметь секреты *достичь цели *абсолютно неправильно понять *до Судного дня *семейный доктор *всепоглащающая, неугасимая радость всему

to ask for explanation brave attempts a special reward of merit to work deftly to have a skeleton in one’s closet to gain the point to misunderstand entirely till doomsday a family physician overwhelming unquenchable glad-ness for everything

№ 2 *требовать внимания *обнять восторженно *очевидное нежелание *найти возможность сделать что-либо *быть благодарным *изложить причину *небольшая задержка *выполнять предписание *признаваться *волнующая странная радость

to ask for attention to give a rapturous hug visible reluctance to find occasion to do smth. to be grateful to give a reason (reasons) for a slight delay to get the prescription filled to confess an odd throb of joy

№ 3 *неприятный сюрприз *обнять нежно *волнующий опыт *говорить серьезно *торопливое примирение *знать по опыту *не важно, что *в абсурдной манере *непрошенные домочадцы *смотреть на что-то с определен-ной позиции

an unpleasant surprise to give an affectionate hug an exciting experience to be in earnest hasty conciliation to know by experience no matter what (in) absurd fashion unwelcome members of the household to look at smth from a certain standpoint

52

№ 4 *выражение протеста *рассчитывать на *подталкиваемый непреодолимой силой *не иметь разницы (значения) *искать *быть в смятении *открытый скептицизм *смотреть на что-то с определен-ной точки зрения *раздражаться, роптать по поводу правил и предписаний * по причине

remonstrance to count on impelled by irresistible force to make no difference to look for to be in a whirl open skepticism to look at smth from a certain standpoint to chafe under the rules and regu-lations on account of

№ 5 *обладать сильным характером *торжествовать *проявление сильного воодушев-ления *абсурдный, нелепый *найти время для удовольствий *озарение прекрасной идеей *невозмутимо *быть не в духе, не в ладах с *передозировать * светящееся от волнения и удив-ления

to have sufficient strength of char-acter to exult triumphantly a burst of eager enthusiasm preposterous to find time to enjoy things the dawning of a wonderful idea imperturbably to be out of sorts with to overdose alight with excitement and surprise

№ 6 *исполнять обязанности *научиться быть пунктуальным *затаить дыхание *нести свой крест *неблагодарное отношение *предварительные экзамены *перевести разговор на другую тему *обвинять кого-либо *поглядеть насмешливо *украшенный, нарядный

to perform one’s duty to learn to be punctual to catch one’s breath to take one’s cross an ungrateful treatment preliminary examinations to turn the conversation to another subject to blame smb to give smb. a scornful glance bedecked

№ 7 * преданный слуга *поддерживать с энтузиазмом *давать приятное ощущение *в соответствии с указаниями *оказаться в запретной зоне *доставить сообщение *отказывать себе в чем-то

loyal servant to maintain enthusiastically to give a pleasant sensation in accordance with orders to find oneself on a forbidden ground to deliver a message

53

*украшенный, нарядный *иногда, редко *выразить глубокое разочарова-ние

to deny oneself smth bedecked once in a while to show keen disappointment

№ 8 *найти возможность *смотреть во все стороны *с одинаковой стремительностью *уладить дела *предсказывать, пророчить *как само собой разумеющееся * высказать прямо *обдумывать недолго *легкое сомнение *принести счастье в чью-то жизнь

to find an opportunity to look in all directions with equal precipitation to settle the things to prophesy as a matter of course (fact) to tell smb. outright to consider smth for a moment a faint doubt to bring happiness into some-body’s life

№ 9 *сострадание *переживать последствия *делать что-то бездумно *замешательство *получить доверие *несмотря на разочарование *безапелляционный жест *забыть о твердом намерении *человек, который прощает *трепетный, благоговейный голос

aching sympathy to suffer the consequences to do smth without thinking bewilderment to get credit notwithstanding the disappoint-ment a peremptory gesture to forget one’s determination a forgiving person an awestruck voice

№ 10 *гордиться чем-либо *очевидное напряжение тщесла-вия *попросту говоря *передумать *чувство опустошенности *по причине *выразить глубокое разочарова-ние *странная волнующая радость *принести счастье в чью-то жизнь *возбужденно настаивать

to pride oneself on smth evident strain of vanity in plain words to change one’s mind a sense of desolation on account of to show keen disappointment an odd throb of joy to bring happiness into some-body’s life to urge excitedly

№ 11 *укрепить самообладание *весело пообещать *дерзкий *выглядеть одиноким *гостеприимство дома

to add to one’s composure to promise cheerfully impertinent to look lonesome the hospitality of the place

54

*безутешный *длительное личное знакомство *роскошно обставленная комната *быть хорошо развитым * поглядеть насмешливо

disconsolate an extensive personal acquaint-ance a sumptuously furnished room to be well advanced to give smb. a scornful glance

№ 12 *удостовериться *с искренним удивлением *разнородные предметы *абсолютно изнуренный *неожиданная смена темы *под чьим-либо руководством *приятель своего возраста *попасть в аварию *утонченный *продвинуться дальше введения

to make sure in frank wonder conglomerate garments wholly exhausted an abrupt change of subject under somebody’s instruction a companion of one’s own age to meet with an accident exquisite to get beyond the beginning

№ 13 *быть в наилучших отношениях *слушать сосредоточенно *восхитительный разговор *время отдыха *необъяснимая причина *в ошеломляющем потрясении *в назначенном месте *чудодействующее тонизирующее средство *обслуживать, прислуживать * нервная раздражительность

to be on the best of terms to listen intently a delightful talk leisure time inexplicable reason in a dumbfounded amazement at the appointed place a wonder-working tonic to wait on smb. nervous fretfulness

№ 14 *приготовить хорошую встречу *иметь удовольствие *делать по очереди *привести в порядок *неизбежный, неминуемый *риск *последовательный опрос *охватить *воспоминания, полные раскаяния *казаться недоверчивым * раздражаться, роптать по пово-ду правил и предписаний

to prepare a welcome for to have the pleasure of to take turns to settle into order imminent risk systemic questioning to overcome smb. remorseful memories to look incredulous to chafe under the rules and regu-lations

2. Exchange your cards in a clockwise order. Choose four ex-

pressions out of ten given on the card and make up situations to relay one episode from the novel

55

3. Exchange your cards again. Choose one expression. Make up a very short situation so as to make your group-mates guess the expression you have meant to use.

4. Give expressions synonymous to the following:

Chart 3

*to reach one’s aim *against one’s wish *to be by oneself *impertinent *to do smth by obli-gation

*pleasant conversa-tion

*to see no way *random inquiry *to be very friendly *to bring to order

5. Express in one word:

Chart 4

*richly decorated *persistent in achieving something *engulfing and keeping under the spell *performing/creating a miracle *questioning attitude towards knowledge, facts, or opinions *remaining calm, even in disturbing or dangerous situations *feeling very guilty and sorry about having done wrong *wildly unreasonable, illogical, and inappropriate *the feeling of sadness or displeasure caused by the nonful-fillment of one's hopes or expectations

* something that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury

6. Supply the missing derivatives and grammatical forms:

Table VIII

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Participle I Participle II satisfaction

believe suspiciously exhausted breathless overwhelming visible

attraction comfortably expect considering

triumph

56

Focus on the text

1. Enumerate the plot building events Remember that all the points should be written in one style (Either in com-plete sentences, or in nominative phrases. For example: 1. Pollyanna’s appearance in Beldingsville 2. Pollyanna’s adaptation to the new environment or 1. Coming to the Harrington Estate 2. Getting acquainted with the neighborhood or 1. Polly Harrington takes care of the orphaned niece 2. Pollyanna is enchanted with the surroundings

2. Develop the formulated points into a more detailed outline

The unwinding of the main points of the text will lead to creating its outline. An outline presents a picture of the main ideas and the subsidiary ideas of a text or a topic. It shows the order of the various events, the relative im-portance of each, and the relationship between the various parts. There exist several ways to arrange different parts of text outlining. It may be a chronological arrangement or a spatial arrangement. The most com-mon order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific. When writing an outline bear in mind • to concentrate on the basic themes • to be straightforward • to eliminate irrelevant information • to choose concise words to trigger the concept Please, follow the pattern and use the given example : 1. Pollyanna’s appearance in Beldingsville 1.1. The delivery of the letter 1.2. Preparations for the girl’s arrival 1.3. The journey to the station 1.4. Pollyanna’s expectations and the reality An outline is a good way to organize thoughts.

2.____________________ 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4 3.____________________ 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4.

57

Joint project work

Join in pairs. Choose the event marking the turning point in plot development

The development of the story relayed by E.H. Porter is very even and calm. Yet as in every literary work, as well as in true life there are culminations, which expose the most important happenings, that are apt to change the established order of things.

Explain why you consider it significant. 3. Comment on the following statements: Instead of always harping on a man’s faults, tell him of his virtues The influence of a beautiful, helpful, hopeful character is conta-

gious

58




по чьей-то просьбе, улыбнуться печально, весьма слабое оправда-ние, неестественный (вынужденный), несомненно лестный акцент, не-значительные последствия (результат), чужие тревоги, прийти в созна-ние, безрезультатная попытка, под благословенным воздействием, бес-цельно, заразное заболевание, бесполезное занятие, рассуждать здра-во, причинять беспокойство, закрыться как устрица (замкнуться в се-бе), ненамеренный (непроизвольный), на безопасном расстоянии, быть отчужденно спокойным (хладнокровным), сделать кого-либо своим наследником

2. Fill in the blank boxes with the necessary word-derivatives:

Table IX

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Participle I Participle II personal flattering apologize

emphasis unmistakable recover sadly constrained

influence Safe trouble 3. When do we say that: a person has made an ineffectual attempt, somebody is making an

unmistakable flattering attempt, words sound as a pretty poor apology, the happenings are of slight consequence, a person is doing something in an aimless fashion, the whole affair is a wild-goose chasing, a person shuts up like an oyster, somebody is making trouble?

4. Make up situations using the following expressions: Under the blessed influence, to talk plain horse sense, to be imper-

sonally cool, at somebody’s request, at a safe distance, other people’s troubles, to be of slight consequence, to be impersonally cool

59

5. Explain the psychological aspect of the following states: troublemaking, wild-goose chasing, doing things in aimless fashion,

shutting like an oyster, getting under somebody’s influence, being con-strained

Vocabulary extension: Learning word-mapping

*a word map is a combinability scheme which represents words and expressions arranged around a central key word *A semantic map shows the relationships among a set of con-nected concepts and ideas. It is a graphical "map" of how one views a par-ticular topic. The ideas most central to a concept are displayed closest to the main topic and details and linkages are formed to display the depth, breadth, and interconnectedness within the concept.

Map pattern for the word “cool”

follow the given example and make combinability maps of the

words ENTHUSIASM, ENCOURAGEMENT, PATIENCE, HAPPINESS, RULE, ORDER supplying verbs and adjectives that may collocate with these nouns

60

Focus on the text

1. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the fol-lowing expressions are used:

pretty poor apology to be of slight consequence under the blessed influence in an aimless fashion to shut like an oyster 2. Comment on the following statement: 3. Answer the questions: 1. Pollyanna often asked people very personal questions. Could they

be attributed to a mere childish innocence or to the lack of a proper up-bringing? 2. Why do you think people don’t get annoyed at her question-ing? Is it because they make allowances for her age oк because the girl has brought a breath of new current into their lives? 3. What suppositions can be made as to the car accident and its consequences? Was the girl’s state just the result of a shock, concussion or do you think the injuries were hard and needed a serious treatment? 4. How can you account for Pollyanna’s own attitude to the situation and her state? Was it the outcome of a cus-tomary “glad game” a brave attempt to console herself, or the cherished hopes of a quick recovery? 5. How did the accident change Miss Polly’s mode of life and thinking?

4. Discuss the following aspects of Mr. Pendleton’s decision to

make Pollyanna his heiress (team work): Mr. Pendleton’s motifs and interest Pollyanna’s gains and losses Miss Polly’s inward state change and a drastic outlook revision

Don’t let other people’s troubles worry your head

61



1. Read the words after the teacher: request, special, patience, conscience, faithful, truthful, confusion,

conscientious, denunciation, plague, acutely, confusion, verdict, question, gesture, despair, control, experience, extraordinary, embarrass

2. Give the English for the following Russian words:

решительность отчаянный неизбежный неординарный явное удивление оплакивать дни ожидания правдивость достоинство провозглашать правдивость самообладание смятение смущающий приговор возможность бесчисленные очевидный подражание несмотря на

3. Explain the meaning of the following words and expres-

sions: dignity, unavoidable, imitation, innumerable, perturbation, verdict, to

be out of the question, an extraordinary opportunity, to bemoan, to lose self-control, to give all the world for

4. Give synonyms for the following expressions: postponement that cannot be evaded copying somebody / something very close to the original obvious astonishment to be ruled out a person one feels compassion for notwithstanding to fall out of self-possession an exceptional chance to say directly to puzzle somebody with inquiries to make somebody display initiative

62

5. Say whether (if): there is anything worth giving the whole world for it is easy to lose self-control in a difficult situation it is easy to regain self-control in all situations extraordinary opportunities occur often you are able to stir people to action 6. Give the three forms of the verbs:

Table X

Infinitive Past Simple Participle II выбирать ломать падать прощать трясти толкать, заталкивать показать расти предвидеть обижать, причинять боль

бросать терять дарить, поразить

7. Render the passage given below in English:

Make use of the following expressions: to fall silent / quiet – замол-кать, to get tired – уставать, to grow irritated / impatient – становиться раздраженным, to strike one (it strikes me that…) – приходить в голову, to go weak – слабеть, to get better – выздоравливать (становиться луч-ше), keep to bed – оставаться в постели, shake head – покачать головой, turn desperate – отчаяться, to grow suspicious – заподозрить (начать подозревать)

Дни шли, а Поллианне не становилось лучше. Она по-прежнему

оставалась в постели. Правда, она не отчаивалась, полагая, что скоро выздоровеет и сможет пойти в школу. Тогда мисс Полли пришла идея пригласить для консультации другого врача. Когда она начала этот разговор, Поллианна подумала, что тетя Полли имеет в виду доктора Чилтона. Но она ошиблась. Казалось, что даже упоминание имени док-тора Чилтона причиняло боль мисс Хэррингтон. Она становилась раз-дражительной и молчаливой. И в этот раз она лишь покачала головой.

63


COLOUR IDIOMS

apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book match the idioms with definitions

1 every cloud has a silver lin-ing

A in excellent physical condition

2 golden opportunity B speaking very convincingly an 3 in the pink of health C occasion to improve the situation 4 silver-tongued D give a big welcome 5 see the world through rose-

coloured glasses E pleasant side-effects of an un-

pleasant situation 6 roll out the red carpet F see only good things

think of the possible ways to improve the situation, use these idi-

oms when formulating them

Grammar Consolidation Types of Questions

1. Put disjunctive questions to the following sentences: 1. Miss Polly did not rise to meet her niece,……………..? 2. The barrels

haven’t had many clothes for little girls in them lately,……………? 3. Miss Polly did not care to listen to Pollyanna’ stories about her father, ……………..? 4. Miss Polly told Timothy to take Pollyanna’s bags to the attic room, ……………? 5. Miss Polly was glad, that she had put the child in the attic room,…………………..? 6. She thought it good that the girl’s room was plain and sensible,……………….? 7. Nancy found Pollyanna in her room a few minutes later, ……………….? 8. The girl was crying, ………………? 9. They unpacked the bags, ……………? 10. There were few dresses in the bag …………………? 11. They were pitifully unattractive, ……………...? 12. Pollyanna and Nancy will soon make friends ……………? 13. The gardener will tell Nan-cy Miss Polly’s story,………..? 14. Pollyanna will frighten everyone, walking

feel blue = to be very sad out of the blue = unexpectedly a black day = an unhappy day in a black mood = depressed white lie = a lie to protect another person’s feelings wave a white flag = to surrender

64

on the roof of at night, …………….? 15. Nobody had expected Pollyanna to make friends with Mr. Pendleton, ………………?

Types of Predicates

2. Translate the following sentences: 1. Когда Мисс Полли получила письмо, она была удивлена. 2. Она

знала, что у нее есть племянница. 3. Она предполагала, что девочке одиннадцать лет. 4. Но она не ожидала, что девочка будет с ней жить. 5. Нэнси встретила Поллианну на вокзале. 6. Девочка была светловолосая. 7. На ней было простенькое платьице в клеточку. 8. Вообще Поллианна очень общительная. 9. Она открытая и добросердечная девочка. 10. Она любит гулять, знакомиться с людьми. 11. Она всегда готова всем помочь. 12. Однажды она принесла в дом котенка. 13. Потом привела в дом мальчика. 14. Она думала, что тетя Полли разрешит Джимми жить с ни-ми. 15. Поллианна решила обратиться в благотворительное общество, когда тетя Полли отказалась оставить Джимми в доме.

3. Find and underline the predicate in the sentences. 1. Miss Polly was quite alone in the world. 2. She knew her duty. 3.

And she had sufficient strength of character to perform it. 4. Miss Jenny was an angel. 5. Tom was a loyal servant. 6. He was taking care of the garden. 7. He was proud of his work. 8. He told Nancy Miss Polly’s love story. 10. On the way to Miss Polly’s house Pollyanna had kept an uninter-rupted stream of comments and questions. 11. She asked questions about her aunt, her house and the city. 12. Miss Polly lived in a lovely big and rich house. 13. Pollyanna was glad she would stay with Miss Polly. 14. Miss Polly was reading a book when Pollyanna entered the room. 15. Pollyanna had fairly flown across the room and flung herself into he aunt’s lap.

Task 3. State the type of the predicate (simple or compound nom-

inal) and the tense form of the verb (notional or auxiliary) in each sen-tence above.

Character study

Three doctors are involved in the plot development: Dr. Chilton, Dr. Warren and Dr. Mead. Comment on:

reasons that bring them to the scene the ways and situations in which they are introduced relations with people they come into contact with the impression they produce

Focus on the text 1. Answer the questions: 1. Why did Miss Polly decide to invite another specialist for a consul-

tation on Pollyanna’s case? 2. Who of the doctors did Pollyanna rely on? 3. Why was the new doctor’s visit delayed? 4. Was Dr. Mead’s supposition of Pollyanna’s recovery very optimistic?

65

5. What was Dr. Mead’s verdict? 6. How did Pollyanna learn it? 7. What was her first reaction to this news? 8. Had she been more hopeful in planning her future life before she

learned it? 9. What was most distressing for Pollyanna in this situation? 10. Did the news of Dr. Mead’s diagnosis spread fast? 11. What was the citizens’ reaction to this news? 12. What surprised Miss Polly in the citizens’ behavior and attitude to

her niece? 13. How did Polly Harrington try to make her niece’s life pleasanter? 14. Did the medicine prescribed by Dr. Mead give the expected re-

sults? 2. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the fol-

lowing expressions are used: with a touch of stern decision, days of waiting, with her usual truth-

fulness, in spite of perturbation, to be out of the question, an extraordinary opportunity, poor little lamb, to proclaim the goodness of everyday experi-ence, to stir somebody to action, to lose self-control, give all the world for

3. Comment on the following statements: It’s easy to tell people how to be glad but it is not the same thing

when you are in an identical situation yourself. Only a woman’s hand and heart or a child’s presence could make

a home. Writing an essay

An essay is a piece of writing that analyses and evaluates the given issue. Fundamentally, an essay is designed to get a student’s academic opin-ion on a certain theme or problem. Structurally an essay usually falls into five parts (paragraphs), each having a particular aim. In the Introductory Paragraph the theme of the essay is introduced and the basic statement of opinion is worded. The First Supporting Paragraph is aimed at giving initial remarks which prove the rightness of approach and the standpoint from which the theme is viewed and revealed. The Second Supporting Paragraph supplies examples and illustrations. In the Third Supporting Paragraph it would be right to view the pros and cons of the accepted approach. Logically, the Final Paragraph should offer an argumentative conclusion.

66

The key structure components of an essay

Write a three hundred word essay on the following topic: “Is proclaiming the gladness of everyday experience reasonable and

helpful in creating a positive outlook?”

67

UNIT 14 chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32


1. Give the English for the following Russian words and ex-pressions:

наводить справки, разъяснять что-либо, нервозная разговорчи-вость, при условии, необычайная беседа, по разговорам, заходить (в гости), плохо скрываемое упорство, предпринимать длительные оздо-ровительные прогулки, явное огорчение, с неожиданной горечью, по-лучить развод, приводящие в замешательство визиты, напрягать нервы, делать прогресс, начинать, быть бесспорным, обеспечивать, предпи-санное лечение, провести обследование, забыть о гордости, иметь се-рьезное значение, поддерживать контакты, быть обреченным на, риск-нуть (затеять, начать)

2. Explain the following phenomena: nervous volubility, ill-concealed determination, long walks for health,

disconcerting visits, making headway, making examination, swallowing one’s pride, keeping in touch, sounding matter-of-fact

3. Give situations in which people may: make inquiries, conceal determination, take walks for health, expose

obvious distress, get a divorce, strain nerves, make examination, swallow pride

4. Give synonyms for the following words and expressions: to want tо know and try to find out = to explain = in condition that = to visit = evident upset / grief = to progress = to sound indisputable = to be very important = to be unavoidable / inevitable = to abase oneself / to turn humble =

5. Give antonyms for the following words and expressions: to keep secret / to keep under one’s hat / to conceal -

68

a commonplace conversation - to exposed unwillingness - hidden satisfaction - to get married – to feel calm and comfortable – to sound disputable – to degrade – to be of no value – to stay dignified –

6. Supply the missing derivatives:

Table XI

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Participle I Participle II progress

inquire distressful Prescribed Confusing pride specially

Lose Evaluated poorly

Focus on the text

1. Write an outline of the events described in this part of the book:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. More if any 2. Give a précis of the text under consideration

3. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the fol-lowing expressions are used:

remarkable discourse, ill-concealed surprise, take long walks, get a divorce, make headway, be matter-of-fact

69

Discussing the issues

When people face a problem to solve or have to make a decision, they of-ten experience embarrassment and find it difficult to organize thoughts because 1) emotional reactions to a situation may dominate, 2) there is some uncertainty as to how to approach a problem and what to start with, 3) the goals are numerous and the information to keep in mind is voluminous which causes confusion. To help overcome these difficulties a British scientist Edward de Bono invented a method which he described in his book “Six Thinking Hats”. The hats are of different colours, each hat (each colour) performs a special role, and is responsible for a special ap-proach and hence a special way of thinking.

* The White Hat sets a person exposing the known facts only. * The Red Hat governs emotions. In this case people are apt to

make guesses relying on their intuition and share emotions. * The Yellow Hat determines only positive thinking, which means

one has to view all the advantages of the discussed matter. * The Black Hat switches on critical thinking thus bringing forth all

the drawbacks and disadvantages of the issue. * The Green Hat imparts one creative thinking. This is where new

(sometimes crazy) ideas are born and shared. * The Blue Hat governs the whole process, starting it (setting

goals and ways to achieve them) and bringing it to a logical conclusion (probably giving assessment recommendations).

This design is meant to help bring order to the process of thinking and evade confusion.

4. The point to discuss is the “good game” The mode of work: 1. split into two groups 2. choose a mediator 3. “try on” the hats in an established order and put down your judg-

ments 4. formulate the conclusion

*** use the cited quotations as tips for the possible foci (focuses)

70

1) Pollyanna? The little girl who was so frickin’ positive about every-thing, she drove everyone crazy? 2) What if her attitude toward life was actually the most practical and productive approach? 3) There are people who never see an opportunity without a problem. Contrast them with the eternal optimist, Pollyanna, who never sees a problem without an opportunity. 4) a Pollyanna type is an incredibly hopeful person, the incurable opti-mist 5) These days, “Pollyanna” is often used pejoratively, referring to somebody whose optimism reflects naivete, ignorance or stubborn re-fusal to face the facts of a situation. 6) What's wrong with being a Pollyanna? Absolutely nothing, according to the experts who say a positive mental attitude can benefit everyone as we age – physically and emotionally.

71

UNIT 15

Joint project work and presentations

1. The Theme of an Orphan-child in Mark Twain “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn” Jean Webster “Daddy-long-legs” Charlotte Bronte “Jane Eyre” Charles Dickens “Oliver Twist” Jane Porter “Pollyanna”

Joanne Rowling the Harry Potter fantasy novels 2. The World Picture through Pollyanna’s Eyes

People Relations Situations Dreams and desires

72

3. The Glad Game as means of adapting to life evading the reality of life creating another reality making the reality

4. Positive thinking

73

UNIT 16

Open Discussion

THE ALPHABET OF HAPPINESS Pollyanna may have been a very naïve girl, but her father was obvi-

ously a very wise man. He taught her to survive in a rigid and severe world. As if able to foresee the hardships his dearest girl would have to overcome he encouraged her to find the bright side of things no matter what. We can’t but consent that quite often the girl used to bring it to the extreme. But this only highlights the desire of a person, any person, to feel happy. People may advocate various standards and requirements of happi-ness. It depends on a great many things, happenings and situations.

1. Look through the given “alphabet of happiness” and fill in the

empty boxes. The Alphabet of Happiness

A – accept Accept others for who they are and for the choices they have made even if have difficulties understanding their beliefs, motives and actions

B – break away Break away from everything that stands in the way of what you hope to accomplish with your life

C – create D – decide E – explore Explore and experiment. The world has much to offer,

and you have much to give. And every time you try something new, you will learn more about yourself

F – forgive G – grow Leave the childhood monsters behind. They can no

longer hurt you or stand in your way H – hope Hope for the best and never forget that anything is pos-

sible as long as you remain dedicated to the task I – ignore J – journey Journey to new worlds, new possibilities, by remaining

open-minded. Try to learn something new every day K – know Know that no matter how bad things seem, they’ll al-

ways get better. The warmth of spring always follows the harshest winter

74

L – love Let love fill your heart instead of hate. When hate is in your heart there’s room for nothing else. When love is in your heart, there’s room for endless happiness

M – manage N – notice O – open P – play Never forget to have fun along the way. Success means

nothing without happiness Q – question Ask many questions, because you are here to learn R – refuse S – share T – try Try anyway, even if your dreams seem impossible to

realize. You’ll be amazed by what you can accomplish U – use Use your gifts to the best ability. Talent that is wasted

has no value. Talent that is used will bring unexpected rewards

V - value W - work Work hard every day to be the best person you can be,

but never feel guilty if you fall short of your goals. Eve-ry sunrise offers a second chance

X – x-ray Look deep inside the hearts of those around you and you’ll see the goodness and beauty within

Y – yield Z – zoom Zoom to a happy place when bad memories or sorrow

rears its ugly head. Let nothing interfere with your goals. Focus on your abilities, your dreams, and a brighter tomorrow

2. Explain your choice of demands and your idea of happiness. 3. Compare the results you’ve got with those of your friends and

discuss them. 4. Choose other key words (A – assemble, E – expect, F – forget,

I – intend, R – remember, etc.) and disclose the idea behind the words. 5. Compare and comment on what you have got with what is of-

fered by the man who has compiled it with the desire to share it and thus perhaps help people to better understand themselves.

The Alphabet of Happiness

A – accept Accept others for who they are and for the choices they have made even if have difficulties understanding their beliefs, motives and actions

B – break away Break away from everything that stands in the way of what you hope to accomplish with your life

C – create Create a family of friends whom you can share your hopes, dreams, and happiness with

75

D – decide Decide that you will be successful and happy come what may, and good things will find you. The road-blocks are only minor obstacles along the way

E – explore Explore and experiment. The world has much to offer, and you have much to give. And every time you try something new, you will learn more about yourself

F – forgive Forgive and forget. Grudges only weigh you down and inspire unhappiness and grief. Soar above it, and re-member that everyone makes mistakes

G – grow Leave the childhood monsters behind. They can no longer hurt you or stand in your way

H – hope Hope for the best and never forget that anything is pos-sible as long as you remain dedicated to the task

I – ignore Ignore the negative voice inside your head J – journey Journey to new worlds, new possibilities, by remaining

open-minded. Try to learn something new every day think of what one should ignore to be happy K – know Know that no matter how bad things seem, they’ll al-

ways get better. The warmth of spring always follows the harshest winter

L – love Let love fill your heart instead of hate. When hate is in your heart there’s room for nothing else. When love is in your heart, there’s room for endless happiness

M – manage Manage your time and your expenses wisely, and you’ll suffer less stress and worry. Then you’ll be able to fo-cus on the important things in life

N – notice Notice the poor, helpless, weak or suffering. Offer your assistance, kindness and understanding

O – open Open your eyes and take in all the beauty around you P – play Never forget to have fun along the way. Success means

nothing without happiness Q – question Ask many questions, because you are here to learn R – refuse Refuse to let worry and stress rule your life. Remember

that things always have a way of working out in the end S – share Share your talent, skills, knowledge and time with oth-

ers. Everything that you invest in others will return to you many times over

T – try Try anyway, even if your dreams seem impossible to realize. You’ll be amazed by what you can accomplish

U – use Use your gifts to the best ability. Talent that is wasted has no value. Talent that is used will bring unexpected rewards

V – value Value the friends and family members who have sup-ported and encouraged you, and be there with them as well

76

W – work Work hard every day to be the best person you can be, but never feel guilty if you fall short of your goals. Eve-ry sunrise offers a second chance

X – x-ray Look deep inside the hearts of those around you and you’ll see the goodness and beauty within

Y – yield Yield to commitment. If you stay on track and remain dedicated, you’ll find success at the end of the road

Z – zoom Zoom to a happy place when bad memories or sorrow rears its ugly head. Let nothing interfere with your goals. Focus on your abilities, your dreams, and a brighter tomorrow

[URL: http://academictips.org/blogs/the-alphabet-of-happiness/]

77

http://academictips.org/blogs/the-alphabet-of-happiness/

BASIC LEXICON

Vocabulary list 1 (chapters 1, 2, 3) 1. To pride oneself on smth / doing smth – гордиться чем-либо 2. To add to one’s composure – укрепить самообладание 3. The repose of manner – спокойные манеры 4. To ask for explanation – требовать объяснения 5. To ask for attention – требовать внимания 6. To do smth toward smb’s support – делать что-либо в помощь 7. To prepare a welcome for – приготовить хорошую встречу 8. An unpleasant surprise – неприятный сюрприз (неожиданность) 9. To be on the best of terms – быть в наилучших отношениях 10. Remonstrance – выражение протеста, возражение 10. To welcome smb’s sympathy / advice – благожелательно принимать сочувствие / совет 11. To be by oneself – одинокий, сам по себе 12. To have sufficient strength of character – обладать достаточно силь-ным характером 13. To perform one’s duty – исполнять свои обязанности 14. To make sure - удостовериться 15. Honest pride in the family - искренняя гордость семьи 16. Loyal servant – преданный слуга 17. Drapery curtains – портьеры 18. Gingham dress – полосатое или клетчатое платье 19. An uninterrupted string of comments and questions – непрерывный поток пояснений и вопросов 20. Aching sympathy – сострадание 21. To demand anxiously – задавать вопросы обеспокоенно 22. There is no pleasing her – ей не угодить 23. Take my word for it – поверь моему слову 24. To find an opportunity – найти возможность 25. Refuge – убежище, укрытие, спасение Vocabulary list 2 (chapters 4, 5) 1. To have the pleasure of – иметь удовольствие 2. To draw one’s breath (tremulously) – (боязливо) затаить дыхание 3. In frank wonder – с искренним удивлением 4. Evident strain of vanity – с очевидным напряжением для собственного тщеславия 5. To look in all directions (at once) – смотреть сразу во все стороны 6. Wondrously exciting problem – поразительно захватывающая про-блема 7. To make a wonderful discovery – сделать замечательное открытие 8. To listen intently – слушать сосредоточенно 9. To suffer the consequences – переживать последствия 10. To learn to be punctual – научиться быть пунктуальным 11. To skip gleefully – радостно, ликующе скакать

78

12. To promise cheerfully – весело пообещать 13. To see trouble about – быть обеспокоенным чем-либо 14. Brave attempts – смелые попытки 15. To declare irritably – заявить раздраженно 16. To exult triumphantly – торжествовать 17. To maintain enthusiastically – отстаивать поддерживать с энтузиаз-мом 18. To give a rapturous hug – обнять восторженно 19. To give an affectionate hug – обнять нежно 20. To count on – рассчитывать на Vocabulary list 3 (chapters 6, 7)

1. To be impelled by irresistible force – подталкиваемый непреодолимой силой 2. To catch one’s breath – затаить дыхание 3. To apologize timidly – извиниться застенчиво 4. To cross the room majestically – величественно пересечь комнату 5. A burst of eager enthusiasm – вспышка (проявление) сильного во-одушевления 6. Visible reluctance – очевидное нежелание (отвращение) 7. Conglomerate garments – разнородные предметы 8. To take turns – делать по очереди 9. To vouchsafe – удостоить, соизволить 10. Impertinent – дерзкий, нахальный, наглый 11. An exciting experience – возбуждающий, волнующий опыт 12. A delightful talk – восхитительный разговор 13. The feeling of limp relaxation – чувство безвольного расслабления (облегчения) 14. To do something without thinking – делать что-то бездумно 15. Sun parlor built over the port-cochere – солярий (веранда для зага-ра), построенный над входом 16. Sealskin coat – шуба из морского котика (очень дорогой мех) 17. To give a pleasant sensation – давать приятное ощущение 18. A sigh of content – вздох удовлетворения 19. With equal precipitation – с одинаковой стремительностью (опромет-чивостью) 20. A special reward of merit – особая награда за заслуги Vocabulary list 4 (chapters 8, 9, 10)

1. To settle into order – привести в порядок 2. Leisure time – время отдыха 3. To find occasion to do something – найти возможность (случай) сде-лать что-либо 4. Wholly exhausted – абсолютно изнуренный 5. To be vaguely sorry for smb. – испытывать неясное сожеление 6. To look lonesome – выглядеть одиноким 7. In accordance with orders – в соответствии с указаниями

79

8. In plain words – попросту говоря / простыми словами 9. At the prospect of meeting – в надежде увидеться 10. To make no difference (to make the difference / what’s the difference) не иметь значения (иметь значение / какая разница) 11. To beg the privilege – просить (умолять) разрешения 12. An abrupt change of subject – неожиданная смена темы (разговора) 13. To seat oneself comfortably – усесться поудобнее 14. To work deftly – работать ловко. проворно 15. To find time to enjoy things – найти время для удовольствий 16. Hasty conciliation – торопливое примирение 17. Bewilderment – замешательство, смущение, недоумение 18. To settle the things – уладить дела 19. Preposterous – абсурдный, нелепый 20. To have a skeleton in one’s closet – иметь секреты 21. To take one’s cross – нести свой крест 22. Calf’-foot jelly – холодец 23. To be in earnest – говорить серьезно 24. To look for - искать 25. The hospitality of the place – гостеприимство дома 26. To prophesy – предсказывать, пророчить 27. To change one’s mind - передумать 28. Inexplicable reason – необъяснимая причина 29. Imminent risk – неизбежный, неминуемый риск 30. To be grateful – быть благодарным Vocabulary list 5 (chapters 11, 12, 13)

1. As a matter of course (fact) – как само собой разумеющееся 2. Systemic questioning – последовательный опрос 3. To misunderstand (smth., smb.) entirely – абсолютно неправильно понять 4. With a gasp of dismay – задохнувшись от испуга (смятения) 5. In a dumbfounded amazement – в ошеломляющем потрясении (удив-лении) 6. Under somebody’s instruction – под чьим-либо руководством 7. Disconsolate – безутешный, печальный, несчастный 8. A companion of one’s own age – приятель своего возраста 9. The dawning of a wonderful idea – озарение прекрасной идеей 10. To pilot smb. into … unhesitatingly – проводить кого-либо без коле-баний 11. To overcome smb. – охватить 12. To confront smb. fearlessly – предстать перед (противостоять кому-либо) безбоязненно 13. With a peremptory gesture of silence – безапелляционный (категори-ческий, высокомерный) жест, заставляющий замолчать 14. To lay the case before smb – изложить существо вопроса кому-либо 15. To raise money – найти (изыскать) деньги 16. To gain the point – достичь цели 17. A sense of desolation – чувство опустошенности

80

18. To find oneself on a forbidden ground – оказаться в запретной зоне (на запретной территории) 19. To get (a bit of / some) credit – получить доверие (хорошую репута-цию) 20. To know by experience – знать по опыту 21. Notwithstanding the disappointment – несмотря на разочарование 22. To give a reason (reasons) for – изложить причину (мотив, оправда-ние, основания) 23. To be in a whirl (her thoughts in a whirl) – быть в смятении (в водо-вороте) 24. To deliver a message – доставить сообщение 25. A (welcome) substitution for – (желанная, приятная) замена кому-либо / чему либо Vocabulary list 6 (chapters 14, 15, 16)

1. Remorseful memories – воспоминания, полные раскаяния 2. At the appointed place – в назначенном месте 3. To show keen disappointment – выразить (показать) глубокое разо-чарование 4. No matter what – не важно (независимо от того), что / как 5. To meet with an accident – попасть в аварию (несчастный случай) 6. To shift impatiently from one foot to the other – нетерпеливо переми-наться с ноги на ногу 7. A slight delay – небольшая задержка 8. Imperturbably – невозмутимо, преспокойно 9. An extensive personal acquaintance – длительное (близкое) личное знакомство 10. A wonder-working tonic – чудодействующее тонизирующее средство 11. Overwhelming unquenchable gladness for everything – всепоглащаю-щая, неугасимая радость всему 12. A sumptuously furnished (bed)room – роскошно (богато, превосход-но) обставленная (меблированная) комната 13. Till doomsday – до Судного дня 14. To look at smth from a certain standpoint – смотреть на что-то с определенной позиции (точки зрения) 15. On account of – по причине 16. To deny oneself smth – отказывать себе в чем-то 17. Open skepticism – открытый скептицизм 18. To tell smb. outright that – высказать прямо 19. (In) absurd fashion – в абсурдной манере 20. An odd throb of joy – странная волнующая радость 21. (Face) alight with excitement and surprise – (лицо) светящееся от волнения и удивления 22. To forget one’s determination – забыть о своем твердом намерении 23. Bedecked – украшенный, нарядный 24. To get the prescription filled – выполнять предписание 25. To consider smth for a moment – обдумывать (взвешивать) минуту

81

Vocabulary list 7 (chapters 17, 18, 19)

1. A forgiving person – человек, который прощает 2. An ungrateful treatment – неблагодарное отношение 3. Once in a while – иногда, редко 4. Exquisite – утонченный 5. Nervous fretfulness – нервная раздражительность 6. In an awestruck voice – трепетный, благоговейный голос 7. To give smb. a scornful glance – поглядеть презрительно (насмешли-во, пренебрежительно) 8. To urge excitedly – возбужденно настаивать, советовать 9. To look incredulous – казаться недоверчивым, скептическим 10. Unwelcome members of the household – непрошенные (нежеланные) домочадцы 11. To turn the conversation to another subject – повернуть разговор на другой объект 12. A family physician – семейный доктор 13. To be out of sorts with – быть не в духе, не в ладах с 14. To blame smb – обвинять кого-либо 15. To shimmer – мерцать 16. To wait on smb. – обслуживать, прислуживать 17. Preliminary examinations – предварительные экзамены 18. To be well advanced – быть хорошо развитым 19. To confess – признаваться 20. To doze – дремать 21. To get beyond the beginning – продвинуться дальше введения (начала) 22. A faint doubt – слабое сомнение 23. To overdose – передозировать 24. To chafe under the rules and regulations – раздражаться, роптать по поводу правил и предписаний 25. To bring happiness into somebody’s life – принести счастье в чью-то жизнь Vocabulary list 8 (chapters 20, 21, 22)

1. A special request – особая просьба (требование) 2. Sudden decision – неожиданное решение 3. To get everything settled – урегулировать (уладить) всё 4. To puzzle out – найти решение, разобраться, разгадать 5. An ungratified wish – неудовлетворенное желание 6. To lose one’s patience – потерять терпение 7. A very dutiful woman – исполнительная (обязательная) женщина 8. With a clean conscience – с чистой совестью 9. To put one’s fingers on – точно указать (на) что-либо 10. A faithful dog – преданный пес 11. Inaudible – неслышный, невнятный 12. To brace oneself – собраться с духом, сконцентрироваться 13. To make the exchange – произвести обмен

82

14. To touch smb’s heart – тронуть чье-то сердце 15. In tumult – в суматохе 16. Wagging tongues – болтливые языки (сплетники) 17. The last straw (breaks the camel’s back) – последняя капля 18. Conscientious workers – добросовестные работники 19. To be acutely aware of – остро осознавать 20. A hypocrite – лицемер, ханжа 21. A bitter denunciation – суровое обвинение (осуждение) 22. Plague – напасть, наказание, бедствие 23. Listlessly – равнодушно, без интереса 24. Encouragement – одобрение, поощрение 25. Contagious – контагиозный (заразный, инфекционный) Vocabulary list 9 (chapters 23, 24)

1. At somebody’s request - по чьей-то просьбе 2. To smile sadly – улыбнуться печально 3. A pretty poor apology – весьма слабое оправдание 4. Constrained – неестественный, вынужденный 5. An unmistakable flattering emphasis – несомненно лестный акцент 6. Other people’s troubles – чужие тревоги 7. At a safe distance – на безопасном расстоянии 8. To be of slight consequence – незначительные последствия (результат) 9. To recover consciousness – прийти в сознание 10. An ineffectual attempt – безрезультатная попытка 11. Under the blessed influence – под благословенным воздействием 12. In an aimless fashion - бесцельно 13. A catching disease – заразное заболевание 14. A wild-goose chasing – бесполезное занятие 15. To talk plain horse sense – рассуждать здраво 16. To make trouble – причинять беспокойство 17. To shut up like an oyster – закрыться как устрица, замкнуться в себе 18. Involuntary – ненамеренный, непроизвольный 19. To be impersonally cool – быть отчужденно спокойным (хладнокровным) 20. To make somebody one’s heir – сделать кого-либо своим наследником Vocabulary list 10 (chapters 25, 26, 27)

1. The visit of a specialist – посещение специалиста 2. With a touch of stern decision – с оттенком твердой решительности 3. Let somebody be the judge – позволить кому-либо судить (решать) самостоятельно 4. An unavoidable delay – неизбежная задержка 5. A good imitation – хорошее подражание 6. Dignity – достоинство 7. Days of waiting – дни ожидания 8. Return innumerable answers – отправлять бесчисленные ответы 9. In evident surprise – с явным удивлением 10. With usual truthfulness – с обычной правдивостью

83

11. Confusion – смятение, неразбериха 12. In spite of perturbation – несмотря на смятение 13. A despairing glance – отчаянный взгляд 14. Verdict – приговор 15. To be out of the question – совершенно исключено, не может быть и речи 16. An extraordinary opportunity – исключительная возможность 17. Poor little lamb – бедняжка 18. Not to take long – не занять много времени 19. To be stirred – быть взволнованным, возбужденным 20. To proclaim the gladness of everyday experience – провозглашать радость каждодневного бытия 21. To bemoan – оплакивать 22. To stir somebody to action – побудить к действию 23. To lose self-control – потерять самообладание 24. A gesture of despair – жест отчаяния 25. To ask embarrassing question – задавать смущающие вопросы 26. To give all the world for – отдать весь мир за Vocabulary list 11 (chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) 1. To inquire for – наводить справки, спрашивать, задавать вопросы 2. To account for – объяснять, разъяснять что-либо 3. With nervous volubility – нервозная разговорчивость 4. Under the circumstances – в обстоятельствах, при условии 5. A remarkable discourse – необычайная беседа 6. By reputation – по разговорам (создавшейся репутации) 7. To call on/upon somebody – заходить (в гости, попроведать) 8. Ill-concealed determination – плохо скрываемая решительность (упорство) 9. To take long walks for health – предпринимать длительные оздорови-тельные прогулки 10. Obvious distress – явное огорчение 11. With sudden bitterness – с неожиданной горечью 12. To get a divorce – получить развод 13. Disconcerting visits – приводящие в замешательство визиты 14. To strain one’s nerves – напрягать нервы 15. To make headway – делать прогресс 16. To get started – начинать 17. To be / sound matter-of fact – быть бесспорным, неопровержимым 18. To procure – обеспечивать, предоставлять 19. The prescribed treatment – предписанное лечение 20. To make examination – провести обследование 21. To swallow one’s pride – забыть о гордости (проглотить) 22. To have real significance – иметь серьезное значение 23. To keep in touch with – поддерживать контакты (отношения) 24. To be doomed to smth/doing smth – быть обреченным на 25. To venture smth/doing smth – рискнуть, затеять, начать

84

BASIC GRAMMAR REFERENCE 1. СТРУКТУРА ПРОСТОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

• В английском предложении прямой порядок слов. Это значит, что в первой позиции всегда стоит подлежащее, во второй – сказуемое, в третьей – дополнение: I II III

Pollyanna liked bread and milk

• Дополнение может быть выражено существительным, местоимением, словосочетанием и придаточным предложением. Дополнение может быть прямым и косвенным. Прямое дополнение обозначает объект, на который направлено (или с которым совершается) действие, и занимает позицию после пе-реходного глагола: I have ordered screens. Pollyanna was hanging the dresses in the closet and stacking the books on the table. Косвенное дополнение обозначает объект, участвующий в дей-ствии, совершаемом с объектом, обозначенным прямым дополнением. Это всегда второе дополнение в предложении. Позиционно косвенное дополнение может предшествовать прямому дополнению или следовать за ним: Miss Polly gave Pollyanna a book to read. Формальным показа-телем косвенного дополнения является стоящий перед ним предлог: Miss Polly went to the book-case, took out a small booklet and gave the booklet to her niece. • Определение может быть простым и распространенным. Простое нераспространенное определение стоит в препозиции к определяемому слову: Outside there was a wide world of fairy-like beauty, fresh, sweet air that would feel so good to hot cheeks and hands. Расширенное определение, выражаемое инфинитивным и при-частными оборотами или придаточным предложением, стоит в постпо-зиции к определяемому слову: Her mother suddenly widowed was left with three younger children besides Nancy. Nancy saw her – the slender little girl in red-checked gingham with two fat braids of flaxen hair hang-ing down her back. • Обстоятельство имеет большую степень свободы в предложении и может занимать начальную, серединную и финальную позиции: The telegram announcing that Pollyanna would arrive in Beldingsville the next day at four o’clock came. Fifteen minutes later the great clock in the hallway of the Harrington homestead struck six.

2. ТИПЫ СКАЗУЕМОГО В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

• Сказуемое может быть простым и составным. Простое сказуемое – это сказуемое, выражаемое полнозначным гла-голом: Nancy met Pollyanna at the station. Составное сказуемое может быть составным именным и составным глагольным.

85

Составное именное сказуемое образуется глаголом-связкой и суще-ствительным, прилагательным, причастием или числительным: Pollyanna was Miss Polly's niece. She was naïve. Miss Polly was un-married. Составное глагольное сказуемое образуется двумя глаголами. Первый глагол в этой структуре может быть фазовым (to begin, to start, to wind up), модальным (can, may, might etc.), или передавать значение желания, намерения принятия решения и т.д. (wish, want, decide, intend, etc.): Pollyanna began crying. Pollyanna could not understand many things about Miss Polly’s order of life. Nancy wanted to prepare a good welcome for Pollyanna. Aunt Polly decided to place Pollyanna in the attic room. Второй глагол передает основное значение действия или процесса: Somebody is on the roof of the sun parlor. He must have climbed up the rose-trellis or somewhere, and of course he can get right into the house through the east window in the attic.

3. ФОРМЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

Система грамматических категорий, передающих темпоральные значения в английском языке включает категорию времени (SIMPLE TENSES), категорию вида, или аспекта (PROGRESSIVE FORMS), и кате-горию временной соотнесенности, или таксис (PERFECTIVE FORMS). SIMPLE TENSES выражают действие как факт и включают три про-стые временные формы: SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) Past Present Future ERB + ED VERB + S (3d prs. sng.) WILL + VERB

Эти формы характерны для всех типов сказуемого. В простом глаголь-ном сказуемом изменению подвергается полнозначный глагол. She liked her game. She likes her game Everyone will like this game В составном именном сказуемом изменению подвергается глагол-связка. Miss Polly was stern. She is on her own. She will be kinder soon В составном глагольном – глагол, стоящий перед основным полнознач-ным глаголом: Pollyanna decided to explore the neighborhood. Pollyanna wants to please her aunt. Miss Polly will want to teach Pollyanna many things

PROGRESSIVE FORMS (ASPECT), передают значение длительности действия: PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) Past Present Future BE + PARTICIPLE I WAS/WERE + P I AM/IS/ARE + P I WILL BE + P I Pollyanna was exploring the neighborhood. Nancy is preparing a welcome for Pollyanna. Pollyanna will be helping Nancy about the kitchen

86

Сложные формы категории временной соотнесенности (ТАКСИС), передают значение предшествования одного действия (события) другому: PERFECT Past Present Future HAVE + PARTICIPLE II HAD + P II HAVE/HAS + P II WILL HAVE + P II Before she came to aunt Polly Pollyanna had lived with her father We meet Miss Polly when she is reading a letter which she has just re-ceived Nancy will have prepared the room by the evening В ответах на поставленный вопрос следует (как правило) использо-вать временную форму глагола вопросительного предложения: Was Nancy a loyal servant? – Yes, she was. Did Pollyanna expect a warm welcome? – Yes, she did. Will the girl be happy with her aunt? – No, she won’t.

4. СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

Сложная система видовременных форм глагола в английском языке требует согласованного их употребления в сложных предложения и в последовательности простых предложений.

• В соответствии с системой языковых значений, формы категории временной соотнесенности (The Perfect Forms) всегда выражают предшествование: Present Perfect выражает предшествование настоя-щему моменту (или моменту речи): In the first chapters of the book the readers see Pollyanna, who has just come to her aunt’s. Past Perfect вы-ражает предшествование прошедшему событию или действию или мо-менту в прошлом: Before she came to Beldingsville, Pollyanna had lived with her father in a far-away town. Future Perfect выражает предшество-вание какому-либо действию или моменту в будущем: By the end of summer Pollyanna will have won the hearts of the neighbors

!! В случае простого перечисления событий или действий исполь-зуются формы Present / Past / Future Simple: Nancy met Pollyanna at the station, brought her home and introduced her to aunt Polly. • Для выражения действия, которое представляется как будущее по отношению к прошедшему в английском языке используется форма Future-in-the Past, которая образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола would / should (редко) и инфинитива (простого, длительного или перфектного) смыслового глагола: Aunt Polly said that Pollyanna would practice reading and would learn to sew and cook. !! Правило не действует в придаточных предложениях образа дей-ствия, причины и следствия, в придаточных определительных, а также в том случае, если придаточное дополнительное отражает общеизвест-ный факт.

87

• В придаточных предложениях условия и времени действие в будущем передается формами настоящего: If Pollyanna is late for supper again, she will be punished. !! Придаточные условия и времени необходимо отличать от прида-точных дополнительных, которые присоединяются к главному предло-жению союзами if и when: I cannot say if Pollyanna will finally get accus-tomed to her life with aunt Polly and when it will happen.

4.1. Таблицы согласования времен

Таблица 1

сказуемое в главном предложении в настоя-

щем времени I (you / we / they) say / promise / remember / know he (she) says / promises / remembers / knows действие в придаточном по отношению к дей-ствию в главном предложении непосредственно предшествует ему

относится к обозначенному прошлому

относится к будуще-му

грамматическая форма

Present Perfect Past Simple Future Sim-ple

модель I (you / we / they) have + PII he (she) has + PII

V+ed

will + Inf

образование have (has) forgot-ten / seen

travelled / for-got / brought

will come / meet / stay

примеры Он говорит, что оставил ключ дома

Он говорит, что давно оставил ключ на крюч-ке

Он говорит, что оставит ключ на крючке

He says (that) he has left the key at home

He says (that) he left the key on the peg long ago

He says (that) he will leave the key on the peg

действия в главном и придаточном предложениях одновременны

глагол в придаточном может стоять в Present Simple Present Progressive (Continu-

ous) Мы считаем, что он обманывает нас (всегда)

Мы считаем, что он обманы-вает нас (сейчас)

We think he cheats on us We think (that) he is cheating on us

88

Таблица 2

сказуемое в главном предложении в прошедшем времени He said / promised / explained / was (sure / sorry / afraid) действие в придаточном по отношению к дей-ствию в главном предложении предшествует ему относится к будуще-

му грамматическая форма

Past Perfect Future in the Past

модель had + PII would + Inf

образование had planned / intended / forgotten / brought

would take / invite / re-member / close

примеры

Он объяснил, что оставил книгу дома

Он обещал, что прине-сет ее в следующий раз

He explained (that) he had left the book at home.

He promised (that) he would bring the book next time.

действие в главном и придаточном относятся к прошлому

глагол в придаточном может стоять в Past Simple Past Progressive

Все знали, что Питер репетирует новую роль (факт)

Все знали. Что Питер репети-рует новую роль (в данный момент)

Everybody knew (that) Peter rehearsed the new part

Everybody knew (that) Peter was rehearsing the hew part.

5. ТИПЫ ВОПРОСОВ

• Разделительный вопрос также ставится ко всему предложению и требует ответа «да» или «нет». Он образуется на основе исходного повествовательного предложения последовательным выполнением сле-дующих действий: 1) заменой подлежащего соотносимым с ним местоимением и поста-новкой его в позицию в конце предложения перед вопросительным знаком: The doctor gave a sudden exclamation. The doctor gave a sudden exclamation, …..... he? 2) определением вспомогательного глагола временной формы сказуе-мого и постановкой его после запятой, отделяющей исходное предло-жение от собственно вопросительной части: The doctor gave a sudden exclamation, did …he?

89

3) если исходное предложение утвердительное, вспомогательный (свя-зочный, модальный) глагол должен стоять в отрицательной форме: The doctor gave a sudden exclamation, didn’t he? 4) наоборот: если исходное предложение отрицательное, вспомога-тельный (связочный, модальный) глагол должен стоять без отрицания: Pollyanna could not see her friends often, could she? There isn’t any more to-day that – that Aunt Polly didn’t send, is there?

!!! Если в предложении есть неопределенные местоимения little и few, отрицательные местоимения no, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere, наречия never, rarely, seldom, hardly, barely, глагол в вопросительной части должен быть в утвердительной форме: Aunt Polly seldom talked to her niece, did she?

!!! Если подлежащее выражено местоимениями everyone, someone, anyone, no one, somebody, someone, anybody, в вопроситель-ной части они заменяются местоимением they: Nobody told Pollyanna anything about Mr. Pendleton, did they? !!! В предложениях, стоящих в повелительном наклонении и выражаю-щих приглашение, в вопросительной части используется вспомогатель-ный глагол shall: Let’s play the glad game, shall we?

!!! В предложениях, стоящих в повелительном наклонении с просьбой разрешить что-либо, в вопросительной части используется вспомогательный глагол will: Let him stay with us, will you? • Общий вопрос – это вопрос ко всему предложению, требующий от-вета «да» или «нет». Он образуется постановкой глагола-связки, вспо-могательного или модального глагола, в позицию перед подлежащим. Например: 1. Preliminary examinations showed that Pollyanna was a well advanced girl. Did preliminary examinations show that Pollyanna was a well ad-vanced girl? Yes, it did. 2. Mr. Pendleton was such a funny man. Was Mr. Pendleton a funny man? Yes, he was. 3. Pollyanna could not give her friends much time when school began. Could Pollyanna give her friends much time when school began? No, she could not. • Альтернативный вопрос Альтернативный вопрос строится по модели общего вопроса расшире-нием одного из компонентов предложения и требует полного ответа: 1. Was Pollyanna a frequent visitor in the great house on Pendleton Hill or at Mrs. Snow’s? Pollyanna was a frequent visitor to the great house on Pendleton Hill

90

• Вопросы к главным членам предложения Вопрос к подлежащему образуется постановкой вопросительного местоимения в позицию перед подлежащим. Например: 1. Pollyanna entered school in September. Who entered school in September? 2. Pollyanna was very much of a surprise to school. Who was a surprise to school? 3. The dreary room had become a fairyland. What had become a fairyland? Вопрос к сказуемому образуется при помощи вопросительного местоимения what в позиции перед вспомогательным глаголом. В по-зиции глагола-сказуемого ставится глагол-заместитель do: 1. What did Pollyanna do? She hooked the pendants to a little string and fixed them across the win-dow. • Вопросы к второстепенным членам предложения (специаль-ный вопрос) Вопросы к дополнению, определению и обстоятельству образу-ются постановкой вопросительного местоимения (what, who, when, where, why, how long, how far, how much/many, what time, what colour) в позицию перед вспомогательным/связочным глаголом: 1. Where did Pollyanna go on Sunday afternoon? Pollyanna went to Mr. Pendleton. 2. Who did Mr. Pendleton ask to help him? He asked Nora, the nurse. 3. What did Nora bring into the room? She brought a big candle-stick. 4. Where did she bring the candle-stick from? She brought it from the mantel in the drawing-room. • Альтернативный вопрос Альтернативный вопрос строится по модели специального вопроса расширением одного из компонентов предложения и требует полного ответа: 1. Where did Pollyanna go оn Sunday mornings, to church or to Sunday school? Sunday mornings Pollyanna usually attended both church and Sunday school.

91

Учебное издание

Трунова Ольга Владимировна Майзенгер Наталья Владимировна

Широкова Надежда Павловна

LEARNING TO READ, REVIEW AND RELATE E. H. Porter «Pollyanna»

(Аctivity Book)

Учимся читать, реферировать и обсуждать Роман Э. Портер «Поллианна»

Учебно-методическое пособие по чтению

Иллюстрации: Коверзнева В.О. [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://bookz.ru/authors/porter-

elinor/pollianna/1-pollianna.html

Подписано в печать 11.12.2015 г. Объём 5,7 уч.-изд. л. Формат 60x84x16. Бумага офсетная.

Гарнитура Verdana. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ № 81. Отпечатано в ФГБОУ ВО

«Алтайский государственный педагогический университет» 656031, г. Барнаул, ул. Н. Крупской, 139а

тел. 8 (3852) 38-84-59

Pollyanna

Activity book

LEARNING TO READ, REVIEW AND RELATE

Eleanor H. Porter

О.В. ТруноваН.В. МайзенгерН.П. Широкова

О.В. Трунова Н.В. Майзенгер Н.П. Широкова · Pollyanna Activity book...

Documents

Transcript of О.В. Трунова Н.В. Майзенгер Н.П. Широкова · Pollyanna Activity book...