الرحيم الرحمن الله بسماالدارية المعلومات نظم الى مقدمة

Management Information Systems

معطان : احمد براءة الطالبة اعدادالوطنية: النجاح جامعة الجامعة

( سنة: المعلومات تكنولوجيا كلية الكليةاولى(

: عرفات ماهر الدكتور المادة دكتور

Why this is course is important to you?• Knowledge• Professional life• Skills ,IT , Language• Your personal development[Lecture-Lecturing]

فاتيةالعرالمقدمة Chapter Zero

SLOGAN

Socially

Participation

InteractiveIn meaning and making

Building wisdom

”Quality Education“Teaching – Learning – Edu

Improved

S•Me

thod

S •skills

S • Tools

Media

R •Method

R •Skills

R •Tools

SME STD Education

”Wisdom“

If not us , WHO?If not now , WHEN?

“The harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph”

.... ..... غير متميزا السمكة كهذه كنتغيير من لتتمكن اوال نفسكفي..... يكن لم التغيير ان اعلم االخرينالصعبة االشياء من االيام من يوم

التغيير..... نصنع الذين فنحن ابدا

• 1.1 The Role Of Information Systems Business Today

• 1.2 Perspectives On Information Systems

• 1.3 Contemporary Approaches To Information Systems

” INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN GLOBAL

BUSINESS TODAY ”

Chapter One

1.1 The Role Of Information Systems In Business Today

• How information systems are transforming business?

1. Increase in wireless technology use.2. Shifts in media and advertising.3. New federal security and accounting laws.4. Sought to respond to rapidly changing customer demand.5. Social network tools to connect their employees , customers

,and managers worldwide6. E-commerce and internet advertising.7. achieve competitive advantages

Globalization Opportunities

• Internet has drastically reduced costs of operating on global scale.

• Presents both challenges and opportunities.

• What make management information systems the most exciting topic in business?

1. Is the continual change in technology.2. Management use of the technology.3. The impact on business success.

There three interrelated changes of technology area:

1. The emerging mobile digital.2. The growth of online software as service.3. The growth in “cloud computing ”where

more business software runs over the internet.

What ‘s new in management information systems?

Youtobe ,Iphone ,Blackberrys ,facbook ,is successful products adopted by company as business tools to improve management and achieve competitive advantage.

In the emerging ,fully digital firms:

• Significant business relationships are digitally enabled and mediated.

• Core business process are accomplished through digital network.

• Key corporate assets are managed digitally.• Digital firms offer greater flexibility in organization and

management.• Time shifting ,space shifting.• Growing interdependence between ability to use

information technology and ability to implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals.

Information technology strategic role:

1. Operational excellence .2. New products ,services , and business models3. Customer and supplier intimacy.4. Improved decision making .5. Competitive advantage .6. survival

1. Operational excellence :

• Improvement of efficiency to attain higher profitability.

• Information systems ,technology an important tool in achieving greater efficiency and productivity.

2. New products ,services ,and business models:

• Business models :describes how company produce ,delivers ,and sells products or services to creates wealth.

• Information systems and technology a major enabling tool for new products , services ,business models.

3. customer and suppliers intimacy:

• Serving customer well leads to customer returning , which raises revenues and profits.

• Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs which lowers costs.

4. survival :• information technology as necessity of

business.

5. Improved decision making:

• Without a current information:• Managers must use forecasts ,best guesses .• Leads to:• Overproduction ,underproduction of goals and

services .• Misallocation of resources.• Poor response times.• Poor outcomes raise costs , lose customer.

6. Competitive advantage:

1.Delivering better performance.

2.Charging less for superior products .

3.Responding to customers and suppliers in real time.

1.2 Perspectives On Information Systems

• Information Systems :• Set of interrelated components.• Collect , process , store , and distribute

information .• Support decision making , coordination , and

control.

Information us .data:

• Data are streams of raw facts .

• Information is data shaped into meaningful form.

Computer Based Information Systems CBIS Components

People

Data

Software Hardware

Network

TechnologyFoundation

Information systems :• Three activities produce information organization

need:1. Inputs : captures raw data from organization or

external environment .2. Processing : converts raw data into meaningful form.3. Output : transform processed information to people

or activities that use it. feedback : output returned to appropriate

members of organization to help evaluate or correct input stage

Organizational dimension of information systems:• Separation of business functions:1. Sales and marketing .2. Human resources.3. Finance and accounting.4. Manufacturing and production.• Unique business process.• Unique business culture.• Organization politics.

Management dimension of information systems:

• Managers set organizational strategy for responding to business challenges.

• In addition , managers must act creatively:• Creation of new products and services.• Occasionally re-creating the organization

(organization restructuring).

Technology dimension of information systems:

• Computer hardware and software.• Data management technology.• Networking and telecommunication

technology :network , the internet ,intranet and extranet ,worldwide web.

• IT infrastructure : provides platform that systems is built on.

Levels In A Firm

Senior management

Middle management Scientists and

knowledge workers

Operational management Production and services

workers data workers

Business perspective on information systems:

• Information systems as an tools for creating value.

• Investment in information technology will result in superior returns :

1. Productivity increases .2. Revenue increases.3. Superior long –terms strategic positioning.

Business information value chain:

• Raw data acquired and transformed through stages that add value to that information.

• Value of information systems determined in part by extent to which it leads to better:

1. Decisions2. Greater efficiency.3. Higher profits.

Business perspective:

• Calls attention to organizational and managerial nature of information systems.

• Investing in information technology does not guarantee good returns .

• Considerable variation in the returns a firms receive from systems investments.

Complementary assets :

• Assets required to drive value from a primary investment .

• Firms supporting technology investments with investment in complementary assets receive superior returns.

Complementary assets includes:

1. Organization investments.2. Management or managerial

investments.3. Social investment .

1.3 Contemporary approaches to information systems:

1. Technical approach: computer science , management science , operational research.

2. Behavioral approach : behavioral issues(strategic business integration ,implementation) ,psychology ,economics ,sociology.

3. Management information systems : combines computer science ,management science , operations research and practical orientation with behavioral issues

Approach of this book:Sociotechnical view

• Optimal organizational performance .• Achieved by jointly optimizing both social and

technical systems used in production .• Helps avoid purely technology approach.

• 2.1 Business processes and information systems.

• 2.2 Types of information systems.• 2.3 Systems that span the enterprise .• 2.4 The information systems function in

business .

“ GLOBAL E-BUSINESS: HOW BUSINESS USE INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

Chapter two

2.1 Business process :

• Workflows of material , information , knowledge.

• Sets of activities , steps .• May be tied to functional area or be cross –

functional .

Business :• Can be seen as collection of business process.• Business process may be assets or liabilities .• Examples of functional business process:1. Manufacturing and production(assembling the

product )2. Sales and marketing(identifying customers)3. Finance and accounting(creating financial

statements)4. Human recourses (hiring employee)

Information technology enhances business process in two main ways:

• Increasing efficiency of existing process• Enabling entirely new process that are capable

of transforming the business • Change flow of information .• Replace sequential steps with parallel steps.• Eliminate delays is decision making.

2.2 Types of information systems:

1. Transaction processing systems )TPS).2. Management information systems (MIS).3. Decision support systems (DSS).4. Executive support systems(ESS).

1. Transaction processing systems(TPS):

• Perform and record daily routine transaction necessary to conduct business .

• Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external environment

• Serve operational levels.• Serve predefine , structured goals and

decision making.

2. Management information systems (MIS) :

• Serve middle management .• Provide reports on firms current

performance ,based on data from TPS.• Provide answer to routine question with

predefined producer for answering them.• Typically have little analytic capability

3. Decision support systems(DSS):

• Serve middle management .• Support non routine decision making .• Often external information as well from TPS

and MIS.

4. Executive support systems(ESS):

• Support senior management .• Address non routine decision requiring

evaluation .• Integration data about external events as well

as summarized information from internal MIS and DSS.

Systems from constituency perspective :

• Transaction processing systems : supporting operational level employee.

• Management information systems and decision –support systems :supporting managers.

• Executing support systems :supporting executives.

Relationship of systems to one anther:

• TPS :major source of data for other systems.• ESS : recipient of data from lower –level

systems• Data may be exchanged between systems .• In reality ,most business systems only loosely

integrated.

2.3 systems that span the enterprise

• Enterprise applications:• Span function areas.• Execute business process across firm.• Include all levels of management .• Four major application :1. Enterprise systems.2. Supply chain management systems .3. Customer relationships management systems.4. Knowledge management systems

Four major application :

1. Enterprise systems:• Collects data from different firm function and stores

data in single central data repository.• Resolves problems of fragmented , redundant data

sets and systems .• Enable:1. Coordination of daily activities.2. Efficient response to customer orders .3. Provide valuable information for improving

management decision making.

2. Supply chain management systems:

• Managers firms relationships with suppliers • Share information about: orders ,

production ,inventory levels , delivery of products and services.

• Coals : right amount of time and lowest cost.

3.Customer relationships management systems:

• Provide information to coordinate all of the business process that deal with customers in sales , marketing ,and services to optimize revenue , customer satisfaction , and customers retention .

• Integrate firms customers –related process and consolidate customers information from multiple communication channels.

4. Knowledge management systems:

• Support process for acquiring , creating , storing, distributing , applying , integrating knowledge.

• Collects internal knowledge and link to external knowledge .

• Include enterprise – wide systems for:1. Managing documents , graphics and other

digital knowledge objects 2. Directories of employees with expertise

Intranets:

• Internal network built with same tools and standards as internet.

• Used for internal distribution of information to employees.

• Typically utilize private portal providing single point of access to several systems.

• May connect to company’s transaction systems.

Extranets:

• Intranets extended to authorized users outside the company.

• Expedite flow of information between firms and its suppliers and customers .

• Can be used to allow different firms to collaborate on products design , marketing ,and production ,

E-business (Electronic Business ):

• Use of digital technology and internet to execute major business process in the enterprise .

• Include e-commerce (electronic commerce): ( Buying and selling of goods services over

internet ).

E-government:

• The application of internet and networking technologies to digitally enable government and public sectors agencies relationships with citizens , business , and other arms of government.

Collaborations and communication systems :

• Interaction jobs a major parts of global economy• Methods includes:1. Internet – based collaboration environment 2. E-mail and instant messaging(IM).3. Cell phone and smart phone .4. Social networking.5. Wiki.6. Virtual worlds

2.4 The Information Systems Function In Business

• Information systems department :• Formal organizational unit responsible for

information technology services.• Includes programmers , systems analysts ,

projects leaders , information systems managers .

• Often headed by chief information officer(CIO),also includes chief security officer (CSO),and chief knowledge officer (CKO)

End-users :• Representatives of other developments ,for whom

application are develop• Small firms may not have formal information systems

group.• Larger companies typically have separate department

which may be organization along one of several different lines:

1. Decentralized 2. Separate department under central control.3. Each division has separate group but all under central

control.

• 3.1 Organization And Information Systems .• 3.2 How Information Systems Impact

Organizations And Business Firms?.• 3.3 Using Information Systems To Achieve

Competitive Advantage. • 3.4 Using Systems For Competitive Advantage Management Issues.

“ INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,ORGANIZATION ,AND STRATEGY”

Chapter three

3.1 organization and information systems:

• Information technology and organization influence one anther .

• Complex relationships influenced by organization structure ,business process ,politics ,culture , environment , and management decision .

The two-way relationships between organization and information technology

الرسمة هذه منان نستنتج

هي المنظمةعلى تؤثر التي

المعلومات نظم

Functional requirement end-

users need

organization

Restructuring of the organization

information

What is an organization?

• Technical definition : stable , formal social structure that takes resources from environment and process them to produce outputs .

• Behavioral definition : a collection of rights ,privileges ,obligations ,and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution.

Features of organizations:

• All modern organization share some characteristics .

• Routine and business process.• Organizational politics .• Organizational culture .• Organizational environment.• Disruptive technology .• Organizational structure .• Other organization features.

• all modern organization share some characteristics

• Such as :• Use of hierarchical structure.• Accountability , authority is systems of

impartial decision making.• Holding on to principle of efficiency.• Other features includes : routine and business

process and organization politics , culture ,environment and structures

• Routine and business process:

• Routine (standard operating produce):precise rules ,procedures ,and practices situation (productivity , efficiency ,cost).

• Business process : collection of routines.• Business firm : collection of business process.

• Organization politics:

• Divergent viewpoints leads to politics struggle competition and conflict

• Politics resistance greatly hamper organizational change.

• organizational culture :

• Encompasses set of assumption that define goals and products.

• What products the organization should produce ?.

• How and where it should be produced?• For whom the products should be produced?• May be powerful unifying force as well as

restraint on change.

• Organization environment :

• Organizations and environment have a reciprocal relationships.

• Organizations are open to, and dependent on the social and physical environment .

• Organizations can influence their environment• Environment generally change faster than

organizations.• Information systems can be instrument of

environment scanning act as a lens.

• Organization Structure :

• Five basic kinds of structure :1. Entrepreneurial : small start up business .2. Machine bureaucracy: midsize manufacturing

firms.3. Divisional zed bureaucracy : fortune 500 firms.4. Professional bureaucracy : law firms ,school

systems , hospitals .5. Adhocracy :consulting firms.

• Other Organization Features :

• Goals.• Constituencies .• Leadership styles .• Tasks .

3.2 How Information Systems Impact Organization And Business Firms?

• Economic impact :• IT affects the costs and quality of information

and change economics of information .• Information technology helps firms contracts

in size because it can reduce transaction costs of participating in markets .

Transaction Cost Theory:

• Firms seek to economic on cost of participating in market.

Agency Theory:

• Firms is nexus of contracts among self-interested parties requiring supervision.

• Flat organization structures:1. Less management .2. More span of control.

Organizational and behavioral impacts:

• IT flatten organizations:• Decision making pushed to lower levels • Fewer managers needs (IT enable faster decision

making and increasing span of control).• Postindustrial organizations:• Organizations flatten because in postindustrial

societies authority increasingly relies on knowledge and competence rather than formal positions .

Flatten organizations