嵌入式系统 An Introduction to Embedded System 第四课 嵌入式系统硬件设计 陈文智 chenwz@zju 浙江大学计算机学院
嵌入式作業系統實作 Implementation of Embedded Operating Systems
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國立台灣大學資訊工程學系
嵌入式作業系統實作 Implementation of
Embedded Operating Systems
http://rswiki.csie.org/dokuwiki/courses:101_1:ieos
http://www.facebook.com/groups/190254204331656/
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Rules in Class
Be on time for class, deliverable, …No food but water.
No nap but rest.
Ask questions in>between>after classes.
Do participate.
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Outline
Introduction to Embedded System
Introduction to Embedded OS
uC/OS-II
Xen
OpenStack
uC/OS-III
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Introduction to Embedded System
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Preface
Window 2000, 30M lines.
Netscape Communicator 5, 17M lines.
A 圍棋 program, 0.01M lines.
A SOHO router, 0.6M lines.
What is Embedded (Linux/system)?
Linux image files directories lines bytes
2.6.4 1150K 13400 960 5.6M 167M
2.4.25 1177K 11000 670 5M 149M
2.2.26 507K 5100 280 2.5M 75M
ThreadX 129K 158 1 29K 1.5M
uC/OS-II 55K 13 1 5.5K 0.4M
Tinix’ 0.5K 1 1 20 0.5K
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org 07c00h ; tell the assembler to load onto 7c00, 0100h for DOS
mov ax, cs
mov ds, ax
mov es, ax
call DispStr ; call string display procedure
jmp $ ; infinite loop
DispStr:
mov ax, BootMessage
mov bp, ax ; ES:BP = string address
mov cx, 16 ; CX = string length
mov ax, 01301h ; AH = 13, AL = 01h
mov bx, 000ch ; page number is 0 (BH = 0) black background red character
; (BL = 0Ch, highlight)
mov dl, 0
int 10h ; the 10h software interrupt
ret
BootMessage: db "Hello, OS world!"
times 510-($-$$) db 0 ; fill the rest of sector (512 bytes) with 0
dw 0xaa55 ; end of sector
Tinix’ -“ 自己動手寫作業系統 ,” 于淵
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電子書包發展硬體
電子書包作業系統 (OS / UI / CM)
教學 / 同儕群體應用軟體開發工具
系統軟體開發工具 (SDK)相容性測試軟體工具 (TCK)
ICE DDK
開發工具電子書包平台結構
教師教學應用軟體
電子書包教學應用平台
電子書包教學數位內容 電子書包數位內容開發工具
同儕群體應用軟體數
位學習輔具
數位學習平台
閱讀程式SCOR
MHTMLXML
數位學習輔具
數位學習平台
Physical•Serial•USB•1394•IrDA•Bluetooth•802.11
Protocol
•SyncML
電子書包與數位學習輔具分工架構圖
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Example
RS485
RS485
Ethernet
Ethernet
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在嵌入式軟體開發中採用的作業環境 EE Times-Asia, 2006 Dec
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在設計專案中採用即時作業系統 EE Times-Asia, 2006 Dec
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在韌體開發中採用的語言 EE Times-Asia, 2006 Dec
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在嵌入式應用開發中採用的語言 EE Times-Asia, 2006 Dec
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不同工具的重要性及工程師滿意程度
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嵌入式設計中前 10 名軟硬體開發工具 Hardware/software Development Tools
GNU compilers
Logic analyzers
Compilers
IDE
Oscilloscopes
JTAG emulators
GNU debuggers
Debuggers
ICE
Networking protocols
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Embedded System from Wikipedia
An embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system, often with real-time computing constraints.[1][2]
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Where to Embedded?IP (Intellectual Property)
SOC (System on Chip)small size, low power
ChipMCU (Micro Controller Unit), 70% marketDSP (Digital Signal Processor)
ModuleGeneral CPU
ARM7TDMIThumb, Debugger, Multiplier, ICEw/o MMU
Pipeline, Cache, Bus, …
/28
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What is an Embedded System?
A system designed to perform a specific function, e.g. eBook, PDA, eWatch, …
A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts.Embedded vs. General-Purpose
What is a specific function?Is there a limitation?
Cost, Robust, Low-power, Small, …Using C + Assembly, Java ?
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Real-Time Systems vs. Embedded Systems
RTS ESRTES
.Radar .Calculator.ABS
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Real-Time Systems
Time
Value
Hard RTS
Soft RTS
FirmRTS
Deadline
-Value
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Real-Time Systems (RTS)
Firm RTS
Soft RTSHard RTS
Proprietary
Open
Centralized
Distributed
Embedded
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Application vs. Response Time
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Embedded System Examples
Computer peripheralsKeyboard, Mouse, …
Information AppliancesSet-Up Boxes, WebTV, …
Monitors and SensorsFire Alarm, Heartbeat Detector, …
Controllers in ElectronicsRefrigerator, Air Conditioner, …
Communication DevicesHub, Router, …
…
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Business Issues of ES
Time-to-market for new devicesDesign to delivery: in weeks
Sustained pressure to reduce costsMany proprietary choices yield low-margins
Life cycle managementNew products overlapping each otherPositioning nightmares
Open platform choices considered risky?Resources expended on “recreating the wheel…” not on product differentiation.
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ES Technology IssuesNeed more complex technology integrated for new services
broadband, wireless, real-time, low-power, IOT…
Multiple emerging standards need to be deployed simultaneously.Product released globally on the same day!Tools, Tools, Tools, …Third party software
No one company can do it all anymoreSupport nightmares
Lack of sources from proprietary choicesOpen sources sound seductive … but risky.