关于基础英语阅读教法的探讨

（ I ）

1.

2.

3.

4.

一条原则

两个过渡

三项练习

四种方法

基础英语阅读教法的探讨

一条原则Principle

阅读不再是

被动的单向的吸收 而是

积极的双向的互动

被动的单向的吸收

Text

积极的双向的互动Text

Hypotheses made

Linguistic schemata

Content schemata

Formal schemata

Background

knowledgeHypotheses confirmed, modified or overthrown

The Scope of EcologyNo living creature, plant or animal, can exist in complete isolation.

An animal is bound to depend on other living creatures,

ultimately plants,

for its food supply.

It must also depend upon

for a continued oxygen supply

for its respiration.

Q: What is this text likely to be about?Q: The writer starts by making a generalization. What do you think he will do next?Q: Why is the comma used here? What will follow?Q: Why ultimately plants? After this second comma, what will come?Q: What next do you think?

Q: Upon what? Why?the activities of plantsQ: What does activities of plants refer to?Q: Why does it need oxygen?

F & L

F

L

C

L & C

F & L

C

L & C

L & C

两个过渡Changes

表层理解 深层理解

语法分析 语篇分析

Four Levels of Comprehension Four Levels of Comprehension QuestionsQuestions

1. Literal

2. Interpretative

3. Critical

4. Creative

What are the seven kinds of energy mentioned in this selection?

What is the main idea of this selection?

Can we live without the sun? Explain.

If we were able to harness the sun’s energy efficiently, what consequences would it bring for us?

Energy

Objective

Subjective

Discourse devices 语篇要素

Gramma function

Lexical connection

Signal conjunction

Logic direction

语法功用

词汇关联

连词引导

逻辑走向

三项练习Exercises

1. 三空同一 （单词补全）

2. 三句选二 （邻句匹配）

3. 三类归三 （含义判断）

Context ClueDiscourse Device

Inference Idea

完型填空

整句还原

短文理解

1. I couldn't afford to _____ that book, so I borrowed it from the library.

2. I looked around, trying to _____ some chocolate, but every shop was closed.

3. I used the pocket money I saved for the whole year to _____ a new watch.

buy

a 3-letter word三空同一 单词补全

1. In the war, every family lost either a father, or husband, or _____, or son.

2. I can tell him from his twin _____ by the scar on his neck.

3. He has two sisters, but no _____(e)s.

brother

a 7-letter word三空同一 单词补全

Many animals live in big groups.There is safety in numbers.

There are many different names for animal groups.Fish swim in schools, and birds fly in flocks.

因果关系 – Because …

例证关系 – For example …

Many animals live in big groups.

There are many different names for animal groups.

There is safety in numbers.

三句选二 邻句匹配

A B C

There is safety in numbers.

Fish swim in schools, and birds fly in flocks.

There are many different names for animal groups.

Type A

Type B

Type C

True False Inference三类归三 含义判断

1 2

Captain Lee quickly parked the fire truck, grabbed his helmet, and rushed into the house at 615 East Street.

Captain Lee knew how to drive.

There was a fire at 615 East Street.

Captain Lee didn’t take his helmet.

T

I

F

Inference ≠ Conclusion

Inference ≠ Paraphrase

Probable Conclusive

Implied Repeated

Inference = Educated guess

= logical judgment

四种方法Tips

1. 双向扩展

2. 三层梳理

3. 四角对应

4. 五形归纳

词汇

语篇

线索

结构

双向扩展

+

词汇

双向扩展You can enjoy a tasty hamburger in the restaurant before moving on.

hamburger

food

dish

tasty food

delicious

tasty

healthy

双向扩展In Fright Town, you’ll be afraid of all the strange noises and the terrible sights!

headache

sight

storm

terrible

sight

frightening

terrible

strange

三层梳理

Main Idea

---------------------------------

Details

---------------------------------

Further Details

xxxxxxxxxx

---------------------------------

xxxxxxxxxx

---------------------------------

xxxxxxxxxx

语篇

(1) There are several reasons why Toby likes his (1) There are several reasons why Toby likes his new job. (2) To begin with, he now has more free new job. (2) To begin with, he now has more free time. (3) That is to say, he goes to work later in time. (3) That is to say, he goes to work later in the morning and gets home earlier in the evening. the morning and gets home earlier in the evening. (4) Furthermore, he now makes more money. (5) (4) Furthermore, he now makes more money. (5) To be specific, his weekly paycheck has increased To be specific, his weekly paycheck has increased from $75 to $130. (6) Above all, he now has a from $75 to $130. (6) Above all, he now has a better chance for advancement. (7) For instance, better chance for advancement. (7) For instance, the skills that he is learning will help him to the skills that he is learning will help him to qualify for a much higher-paying position. qualify for a much higher-paying position.

1---------------

2 4 6---------------

3 5 7

三层梳理

(1) Because of his new job, Toby now has more free (1) Because of his new job, Toby now has more free time. (2) That is just one of the reasons he likes time. (2) That is just one of the reasons he likes this new job. (3) He now makes more money. (4) this new job. (3) He now makes more money. (4) To be specific, his weekly paycheck has increased To be specific, his weekly paycheck has increased from $75 to $130. (5) Above all, he now has a from $75 to $130. (5) Above all, he now has a better chance for advancement. (6) For instance, better chance for advancement. (6) For instance, the skills that he is learning will help him to the skills that he is learning will help him to qualify for a much higher-paying position. qualify for a much higher-paying position.

2---------------

1 3 5---------------

4 6

三层梳理

(1) Because of his new job, Toby has more (1) Because of his new job, Toby has more

free time for he goes to work later and gets free time for he goes to work later and gets

home earlier. (2) More money is in his home earlier. (2) More money is in his

paycheck at the end of the week. (3) A paycheck at the end of the week. (3) A

better chance for advancement is now better chance for advancement is now

possible.possible.

implied---------------

1 2 3---------------

三层梳理

四角对应

Context Clue

Context Clue

Context Clue

Solution

线索

四角对应

The meat of a plump young bear is said to be quite tender and tasty; but even a hunting dog will refuse the meat of an old bear, for it is a. raw meat. b. fresh meat. c. also excellent. d. very tough.

young tender

old ?tough

Antonym

Our bodies are strengthened not by what we eat but by the food that we digest. Similarly, our minds are developed not by what we read but by what we a. forget. b. understand. c. write. d. are told.

eat digest

read ?understand

Analogy四角对应

五形归纳

1---------------

2 4 6---------------

3 5 7

2---------------

1 3 5---------------

4 6

implied---------------

1 2 3---------------

1. Top position

2. Bottom position

3. Middle position

4. Double position

5. No topic Sentence

Topic Sentence

结构