.GUOQING LI, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, U.S.

美国俄亥俄州立大学图书馆李国庆

What Can We Learn from Performance Assessment?—The System and Practice in an Academic Library

绩效评估得失谈 ——以美国某大学为例

Design/Methodology/Approach研究方法

One existing PA system of a university library is presented. 以某大学图书馆为例，结合文献。

Descriptive analyses of two specific system-inherent problems, respectively: weighting scheme of the evaluated criteria and disqualification of the immediate supervisor as rater, are conducted. 分析两大问题：量化失衡与主管缺席

The purpose of PA is addressed with reference to PA and pay linkage. 与工资报酬挂钩

Circular supervision as an effective element to ultimately eliminate individual errors in an administration is discussed. 权力制衡

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Definition 定义

In this study, PA (performance assessment) is used to refer to the system and practice of work performance evaluations.绩效评估亦称考评、考绩等，指的是考察评估工作成效的机制

The PA system is the specified mechanism that is used to guide and regulate the process of performance evaluation.

The PA practice is concerned with how PA is actually implemented and carried out in an organization.

In the citation of literature, such terms as appraisal, evaluation, and review are used interchangeably with assessment.

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PA As A Controversial Issue (1)

有关绩效评估的争议 (1)

Positive function 积极作用

Administrative (to assist in determining promotions, transfers and merit compensation) 管理作用

Informative (to provide data on job performance as well as strengths and weaknesses) 资料作用

Motivational (to create learning experiences that motivate development) 激励作用

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PA As A Controversial Issue (2)有关绩效评估的争议 (2)

Negative reviews: 消极作用

Manipulative, abusive, autocratic, and counterproductive

人为操纵、滥用、独断专行，产生相反效果

Nourishes fear, encourages short-term thinking, stifles teamwork, and is no better than lotteries

制造畏惧心里、短期计划、不利团队协作

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The PA System of CL (1)案例图书馆的绩效评估系统 (1)

Figure 1. The Dual-Track Evaluation System 双轨制

Administration行政部门

Faculty馆员

Dean馆长

Library Council图书馆理事会

AD for PS & AD for CTS副馆长

ETPS Committee馆员评估、升等委员会

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The PA System of CL (2)案例图书馆的绩效评估系统 (2)

Figure 2. Weighting of Categories 评估量化分类

Category 1 Librarianship

本职工作60%

Category 2 Scholarly Activities

学术活动10-30%

Category 3 Service

服务10-30%

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The PA System of CL (3)案例图书馆的绩效评估系统 (3)

Figure 3. Descriptors and Numerical Equivalents 评分

Ratings Descriptors

5 Outstanding 优异4 Highly Satisfactory 杰出3 Satisfactory 及格2 Satisfactory Minimally 勉强及格1 Unsatisfactory 不及格

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The PA System of CL (4)案例图书馆的绩效评估系统 (4)

Figure 4. The ETPS-AD Ratings 评分方法

Evaluated Categories

ETPS*

50%

AD

50％Final

Rating

Category 1 (60%)

4,5,5,4,4,5,5=5 5 5

Category 2 (20%)

4,4,4,3,3,4,4=4 4 4

Category 3 (20%)

3,3,4,4,4,4,3=4 4 4

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Two System-inherent Problems (1)

两大问题 (1) Weighting scheme of the evaluated criteria

评分设计的缺陷：工作表现统治一切Figure 5: Rating Results from the CL PA System

Categories and Weightings Composite Rating1 2 3

60% 10% 20% 30% 10% 20% 30%

5 5 5 5

5 4 4 5

5 3 4 5

5 4 3 5

4 5 5 4 10

Two System-inherent Problems (2)

两大问题 (2) Disqualification of the immediate supervisor as rater

主管缺席

Figure 8: The Evaluatee and the Voter

Evaluatee Vote

Associate Dean Dean ETPS

Department Head

Associate Dean ETPS

Librarian Associate Dean ETPS

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The Purpose of PA绩效评估的目的

Do we assess to evaluate performance, or do we assess to put people on a manipulated performance curve, and single out a small group of prospective merit money recipients?

只为加工资

The beliefs of the top level of administration in the purpose of PA are a determining factor for the success or failure of the PA process.

决定于行政主管

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PA and Merit Compensation绩效评估和报酬奖励

The PA ratings (regardless of their validity level) are not the only factors that contribute to the pay decision. 绩效评估不是决定工资调整的唯一因素

A flawed administrative structure—lack of circular supervision. 无权力制衡

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Findings 发现

The PA system and practice of CL are flawed by the following:

The weighting scheme of the evaluated categories is so allocated that the least measurable category has the overriding power. 评分设计使得最无法量化的一项占统治地位

The most qualified evaluator (the direct supervisor) is deprived of the numeric rating vote. 最有资格做评估的人无权参与

The end ratings from the PA lead to unfair merit compensation decisions and salary inequity. 评估结果导致不公正的报酬奖励

The system lacks a circular supervision mechanism to eliminate undefeatable power in the administration.缺乏权力制衡导致行政主管的绝对权力

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Conclusions结论

In theory, a sound PA system can effectively help to create a healthy work environment, establish nice interpersonal relationships, encourage active work attitude, and promote productivity. However, poorly designed systems impose quite negative impacts on us. How to establish and continuingly improve a performance assessment system, therefore, is an urgent issue that needs to be more closely examined and adequately addressed in the library and management literature.

成功的绩效评估机制能创造健康的工作环境，建立良好的人际关系，鼓励积极的工作态度，促进工作成效。有缺陷的机制则有相反的消极作用。

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Questions and Comments

THANKS ！谢谢！