© Copyright 2011, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. All rights reserved. The ADTR TM Power Station...

© Copyright 2011, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. All rights reserved.

The ADTRTM Power StationPresentation to UNTF2011

12 April 2011

Victoria Ashley, Project ManagerRoger Ashworth, Technical Manager

18/04/23 © Copyright 2011, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. All rights reserved.Slide 2

Agenda

Introduction to Jacobs

The ADTRTM Technology

The ADTRTM Business Case

Conclusions


An introduction to Jacobs

Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. is one of the world’s largest and most diverse providers of professional technical services

2010 revenues of nearly $10 billion

Support to industrial, commercial, and government clients across multiple markets

We provide a range of engineering, construction, operation, and maintenance services for advanced research facilities, including fusion and fission energy, nanoscale materials, high-powered lasers and x-rays in the US, Europe, UK

SNS is an accelerator-based neutron source in Oak Ridge National Lab. This one-of-a-kind facility provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development.


Agenda




Conclusions


Why nuclear?

Based on WNA Nuclear Century Outlook Data June 2010

World population is growing by approx 1.6% annually Energy usage is increasing by approx 2% annually Decreasing supply of fossil fuels Issues of climate change Alternative energy sources needed Nuclear safety and waste issues need to be addressed


Why thorium?To continuously generate annual power output of 1GW requires:

200 tonnes of Uranium

Low CO2 impact

but challenges with reprocessing

and very long-term storage of hazardous

wastes

3,500,000 tonnes of coal

Significant impact upon the Environment

especially CO2 emissions

1 tonne of Thorium

Low CO2 impact

Can consume Plutonium and radioactive waste

Reduced quantity and much shorter duration for storage

of hazardous wastes

In principle, total annual global energy needs could be provided by 5000 tonnes of thorium (Ref. ThorEA report)


Estimated World Thorium ResourcesCountry Tonnes % of world

1. Australia 452 000 18

2. USA 400 000 15

3. Turkey 344 000 13

4. India 319 000 12

5. Brazil 302 000 12

6. Venezuela 300 000 12

7. Norway 132 000 5

8. Egypt 100 000 4

9. Russia 75 000 3

10. Greenland 54 000 2

11. Canada 44 000 2

12. South Africa 18 000 1

Other countries 33 000 1

World total 2 573 000 100

Source: OECD/NEA Uranium 2007: Resources, Production and Demand

(Red Book) 2008


Project Objectives

1. Establish technical feasibility of the design

2. Apply established technology

3. Develop and protect IP rights

4. Align with Gen IV strategy

5. Develop the business case for thorium power

6. Establish a consortium with suitable partners

Project Background• Norway No. 7 in estimated world thorium reserves, Aker Solutions investigated

potential for utilising thorium

• Collaboration with Professor Carlo Rubbia to commercially develop his original Energy Amplifier concept, EA patent ownership

• Feasibility Study from Jan 2008, £m’s internal investment

Development from Energy Amplifier to ADTR™

Energy Amplifier

ADTRTMEA K-effective 0.98 12-48MW accelerator power output Reactivity uncontrolled (No control

rods) - larger sub-critical margin Coolant circulation by natural

convection

Source CERN 95/44

ADTRTM

K-effective 0.995 3MW accelerator power output Reactivity controlled by enriched

boron10 control rods Coolant circulated by axial flow

pumps Heat exchangers separate from

main vessel


ADTRTM COMPLEX

Heat Exchangers& Coolant Pumps

Nuclear Core

Beam Transport

Accelerator

Passive Air Cooling System Stack

Steam collection tank

Refuelling machine

•1500MW(Th)/600MW(e)

•59te MOX fuel, 10 year refuelling

•Vessel dimensions 9.5m diameter, 20m high

•Molten lead coolant and spallation target

•Decay heat removed by natural convection on shutdown

•System operates at atmospheric pressure


Coolant Lead

Negative temp & void coefficient of reactivity MP 327ºC BP 1748ºC Intermediate cooling loop not required Chemically un-reactive – no fire risk Operate at atmospheric pressure High pumping power as high specific gravity High thermal heat sink Also acts as spallation target Corrosive with steel No hydrogen generation

Sodium Positive void coefficient of reactivity MP 98ºC BP 883ºC Intermediate cooling loop required Chemically reactive Pressure vessel Low pumping power as low specific

gravity Not suitable for spallation target Less corrosive with steel No hydrogen generation


Conversion of Fertile Thorium to Fissile Uranium

• Thorium fuel requires fissionable starter material

• Plutonium

• Minor Actinides

• Plutonium selected for ADTRTM mixed oxide fuel

• 84.5%Th

• 15.5%Pu

• Fertile Th232 breeds fissile U233

• Could burn waste actinides from conventional reactors

• No need for fuel enrichment

Th232

+Th233n1

Pa233

U233

+n1

Fission Fragment

Fission Fragment

n1

n1

n1

β

β(27 d)

(22.3 min)


Fuel Cycle – Tendency to Equilibrium (11 cycles)

All Pu All U

U233 Pa233

•Self-sustained fuel cycle possible

•Over a 10 year fuel cycle

• Plutonium is burnt • U233 is produced

•Delivers balanced criticality

• as much fissile material produced as is destroyed


Reactivity vs Fuel Burn Up

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Fuel Burn Up GW day/ton

Re

ac

tiv

ity

Raw Reactivity Plot

Controlled Reactivity keff = 0.995

Reactor Control – First fuel cycle (10 year operation)

• Raw reactivity swing compensated by control rods• Power output adjusted by accelerator• Load following possible – useful for small grid systems• Developed method of measuring Keffective - filed as patent

ControlRods Control

Rods

Accelerator

Fuel burn-up 120 GWday/tonne


Benchmarking against Generation IV Goals

Sustainability

• Thorium is 3-5 times more abundant than Uranium• Thorium is by-product from rare earth mining• Minor actinides from a thorium reactor less than from a PWR • Can be configured as a minor actinide ‘burner’ reducing long term waste

burden• ADTRTM consumes ~50% of its Plutonium starter over 10 year cycle• One ADTRTM can consume Pu from approx 1.5 PWRs• Gaseous emissions equivalent to conventional advanced systems• Low carbon emissions

Economics

• Thorium fuel is cheaper than Uranium fuel• Lead shielding reduces neutron embrittlement & extends reactor

vessel lifespan • 10 year refuelling time increases system availability to >95%• Operation at atmospheric pressure means cost savings on

containment vessel• Reduced fuel handling requirement leading to reduced operational

expenditure• Replaceable reactor components reduces the risk to capital


Benchmarking against Generation IV Goals

Proliferation Resistance

Safety & Reliability

• 10 year sealed core reduces opportunities for fuel interception• The ADTRTM is a net consumer of Plutonium• Hard gamma U232 daughter products prevent manual handling • No requirement for enrichment technology

• Design is for inherent safety, i.e.• Sub-critical operation increases margins to prompt criticality• Virtually instantaneous reduction in power achieved by

accelerator shut-off• Primary system operates at atmospheric pressure• Maximum credible accident results in self-limitation of reaction

• Reactor below ground enhancing physical protection• Coolant chemically unreactive and provides large heat sink


Agenda




Conclusions


Programme aligns with GenIV timescales

2 years

5 years

5 years

3 years

Feasibility Study

Concept design &

development System definition, Plant design & Safety

Case Pre-licensing & site selection

Detailed design & fabrication

7 years

Construction & Completion

2008 2015 2020 2025 203020102008 2015 2020 2025 20302010

Licenses issued

Regulators Endorsement

of Site and Design

Completion Date

No significant Concept &

Development Issues

Technical & commercially viable

Aim to build first commercial 600MW(e) reactor by 2030 Capital cost per KW equivalent to current reactors Further reduced costs due to:

Long refuelling time therefore lower operational costs Use of thorium fuel requires no enrichment


Market Analysis - Types of countries

1. Large countries with nuclear power, but with significant energy demand growth

2. Countries with no existing nuclear infrastructure and recent aspirations to gain benefits of nuclear power

3. Smaller countries less demand on grid system

Ideally the first ADTRTM demonstration plant should be in a country with established nuclear infrastructure

Its inherent safety and non-proliferation strengths could make the ADTRTM attractive to countries requiring energy with minimum infrastructure and maximum safety

Benefits of load following and 600MW size, the ADTRTM fits market gap between small modular systems <300MWe and conventional reactors >1000MWe

18/04/23 © Copyright 2011, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. All rights reserved.Slide 20ADTR Concept Study Slide 20

Agenda

Introduction to Aker Solutions

The ADTRTM Project and Business Case


Conclusions


ConclusionsAker Solutions truly believes in the potential of the ADTRTM technology

because:1. Technically feasible

• Challenged assumptions for confidence in design • Transmutation with load following power generation

2. Applying established technology• Reduced commercial risk

3. Developing IP• EA patent• Keffective patent• Other unique design aspects identified

4. Align with GenIV strategy• Meets GenIV goals and timescales

5. Develop the business case for thorium power• Financial potential - Capital cost per KW equivalent to current reactors• Market potential - Niche for size and power producing waste burner

6. Establish consortium with suitable partners• Now engaging with potential partners to further develop this exciting technology


The ADTRTM Team

Victoria Ashley

Project Manager

E-mail: [email protected]

Tel: 01642 334072

Mobile: 07925 113388

Roger Ashworth

Technical Manager

www.jacobs.com

E-mail: [email protected]

Tel: 01642 334061

Mobile: 07833 295500


Copyright

Copyright of all published material including photographs, drawings and images in this document remains vested in Jacobs and third party contributors as appropriate. Accordingly, neither the whole nor any part of this document shall be reproduced in any form nor used in any manner without express prior permission and applicable acknowledgements. No trademark, copyright or other notice shall be altered or removed from any reproduction.


Disclaimer

This Presentation includes and is based, inter alia, on forward-looking information and statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ. These statements and this Presentation are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about global economic conditions, the economic conditions of the regions and industries that are major markets for Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. (including subsidiaries and affiliates) lines of business. These expectations, estimates and projections are generally identifiable by statements containing words such as “expects”, “believes”, “estimates” or similar expressions. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expectations include, among others, economic and market conditions in the geographic areas and industries that are or will be major markets for Jacobs’ businesses, oil prices, market acceptance of new products and services, changes in governmental regulations, interest rates, fluctuations in currency exchange rates and such other factors as may be discussed from time to time in the Presentation. Although Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. believes that its expectations and the Presentation are based upon reasonable assumptions, it can give no assurance that those expectations will be achieved or that the actual results will be as set out in the Presentation. Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. is making no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Presentation, and neither Jacobs Engineering Inc. nor any of its directors, officers or employees will have any liability to you or any other persons resulting from your use.

Jacobs consists of many legally independent entities, constituting their own separate identities. Jacobs is used as the common brand or trade mark for most of these entities. In this presentation we may sometimes use “Jacobs”, “we” or “us” when we refer to Jacobs companies in general or where no useful purpose is served by identifying any particular Jacobs company.

© Copyright 2011, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. All rights reserved. The ADTR TM Power Station...

Documents

Transcript of © Copyright 2011, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. All rights reserved. The ADTR TM Power Station...